ID,Alpha3,country,document,parameter,target_type,target_year,url,context,answer,language,question
0,AND,Andorra,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Annex 2 schematically displays the relationship between the Strategy and this national and international regulatory framework. Descarbonisation programme Adaptation to climate change and greater resilience Programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools to achieve carbon neutrality Programme of social transition Programme of Innovation, research and systematic observation Mobility: Reduction of 50% internal emissions from mobility 20% electric vehicles (turisms) Descarbonisation Buildings: Cosnumption reductions of 40% Descarbonisation Electricity: consumption from national productioni electricity zero emissions consumption from national productionThe National Energy Strategy for the Fight against Climate Change 3 The Strategy’s action programmes and activities The five (5) programmes and the seventeen (17) activities planned are as follows: Programme I. Decarbonisation to achieve carbon neutrality: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
1,AND,Andorra,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Descarbonisation programme Adaptation to climate change and greater resilience Programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools to achieve carbon neutrality Programme of social transition Programme of Innovation, research and systematic observation Mobility: Reduction of 50% internal emissions from mobility 20% electric vehicles (turisms) Descarbonisation Buildings: Cosnumption reductions of 40% Descarbonisation Electricity: consumption from national productioni electricity zero emissions consumption from national productionThe National Energy Strategy for the Fight against Climate Change 3 The Strategy’s action programmes and activities The five (5) programmes and the seventeen (17) activities planned are as follows: Programme I. Decarbonisation to achieve carbon neutrality: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050. The concept of carbon neutrality has increased the awareness of a wide range of actors in light of the challenge of combating climate change, thus facilitating the empowerment of all the agents in this stage of the transition, a process essential for adapting to and dealing with this climate phenomenon.","{'text': 'The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
2,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2040.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC).Antigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution areas of loss and damage response, gender responsive approaches in access to finance, and the just transition of the workforce. 2. Summary of the NDC The NDC targets included in this submission are based on the 1.5°C mitigation goal and adaptation goals that assume a 3.4°C increase in global temperatures (based on projections from the assessments of the INDCs). The targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda’s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040. These targets are intended to be met by using relevant technologies, policies such as land use planning and updated building codes, with financial instruments such as catastrophic insurance instruments for extreme weather events.","{'text': 'the targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda’s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
3,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"By this submission, Australia communicates its updated and enhanced first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. — Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia’s national inventory. — In order to achieve net zero by 2050, Australia commits to seven low emissions technology stretch goals - ambitious but realistic goals to bring priority low emissions technologies to economic parity with existing mature technologies. — Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.","{'text': 'Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia’s national inventory.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
4,AUT,Austria,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"81 6.1.1 Energy and greenhouse gas scenarios 81 6.1.2 More detailed description of selected pathways 83 6.1.3 Wood value chain scenario . 89 6.2 Online consultation for a long-term climate strategy for a climate-neutral Austria in 6.3 Storylines for individual fields of action . 122 Tables . 125 Figures . 126 Abbreviations 127THE VISION – A climate-neutral Austria in 2050 A comprehensive long-term strategy needs a clear vision. The future will be what we make of it, not a given state. A long-term path requires an appealing and inspiring long-term vision. Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision.","{'text': 'Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
5,AUT,Austria,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision. A strategy that includes a comprehensive transformation of both our energy supply and our consumption patterns and that includes an adapted but competitive economic system goes far beyond of merely reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It must contain all three pillars of sustainability –economic, social, and environmental aspects – as this is the only way to achieve committing to far-reaching changes by the population. Resource saving, sustainable and innovative technologies and the circular economy are key elements to achieve the goal. The development of this vision, the design of the strategy, the definition, the implementation and review of concrete measures is a core task of politicians and public administration.","{'text': 'Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
6,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"As a member of the High Ambition Coalition, Belize has committed to increasing emissions reduction ambition in this updated NDC, including through the use of nature-based solutions in the FOLU sector intended to increase removals, whilst underpinning the NDC development process with more robust and realistic data and projections in all sectors. Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050. The NDC for Belize is consistent with the overall goal of the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (GSDS) which encompasses medium-term economic development, poverty reduction, and longer-term sustainable development.","{'text': 'Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
7,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2030.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"With regards to mitigation action, Bhutan has been relatively successful in developing strategies and plans in key sectors but faces challenges in raising adequate support for implementation of the LEDS, NAMAs and other mitigation programs. 3. Summary of NDC (mitigation component) In presenting the second NDC, Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009 and reaffirmed in the first NDC. At the same time, Bhutan calls on the international community to continue and enhance the support for Bhutan’s efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.","{'text': 'Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
8,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"The NDC firmly responds to the development objectives of Cabo Verde’s Ambição 2030 (Ambition Plan 2030). Cabo Verde’s flagship contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; • The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; • The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; • The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools – adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response – at the central as well as municipal levels; • The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way – covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism – enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; • The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap ‘Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy’ defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; • The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
9,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde’s flagship contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; • The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; • The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; • The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools – adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response – at the central as well as municipal levels; • The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way – covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism – enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; • The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap ‘Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy’ defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; • The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs. To ensure robust implementation in line with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) established under the Paris Agreement, Cabo Verde will enact dedicated legislation covering comprehensive monitoring, reporting and evaluation of GHG data, mitigation action as well as adaptation action, and defining a cross-institutional climate governance framework.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
10,CHL,Chile,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Visión de largo plazo de Chile: Transición al desarrollo sustentable e inclusivo a más tardar al 2050 La ECLP será el instrumento orientador de la política climática para ali- nearla con la visión y meta de largo plazo definida para Chile y propuesta en el Proyecto de Ley Marco de Cambio Climático, que establece donde se debe llegar hacia mediados de siglo para ser coherentes con los esfuerzos mundiales de evitar el aumento de temperatura global tal como establece el Acuerdo de Paris. Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinación y sinergia sin precedente en materia de política am- biental en el país.","{'text': 'Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050', 'answer_start': 83}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
11,CHL,Chile,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinación y sinergia sin precedente en materia de política am- biental en el país. Esta estrategia, junto con la NDC, corresponden a los instrumentos de ges- tión del cambio climático de mayor jerarquía a nivel nacional, estableciendo objetivos, metas y lineamientos de mediano y largo plazo en materia de cambio climático a nivel nacional, sectorial y subnacional.","{'text': 'Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
12,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2060.0,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","Moreover, China proposed 15 categories of policies and measures for enhanced actions on climate change. Since then, China has made significant progress in fulfilling its commitments in an active and pragmatic manner. China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030.","{'text': 'achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
13,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2060.0,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. (III) Challenges Faced by China in Attaining the New Goals China is confronted with enormous challenges and difficulties in its NDCs, which calls for great efforts.","{'text': 'achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
14,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Meta de mitigación de GEI Siguiendo los principios rectores de utilizar la mejor información disponible y procurar el no retroceso y la progresión de la ambición, Colombia establece su compromiso de mitigación, en términos de las emisiones absolutas máximas del país en el año 2030 (meta absoluta de emisiones para un solo año) como se describe a continuación. Tabla 5. Resumen de la meta de mitigación de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigación Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como máximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducción del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyección de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo.","{'text': 'iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo', 'answer_start': 115}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
15,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Resumen de la meta de mitigación de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigación Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como máximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducción del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyección de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo. Establecer presupuestos de carbono para el periodo 2020-2030 a más tardar en 2023. Reducir las emisiones de carbono negro del 40% respecto al nivel de 2014.","{'text': 'iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo', 'answer_start': 55}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
16,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"A partir de ahora, inicia el reto de implementar la E2050 articulando su visión, principios fundamental- es y apuestas a los instrumentos de política pública, que contribuyan a construir el camino para una nue- va Colombia carbono neutral y con amplias capaci- dades de adaptación al cambio climático. Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia climática socioecológica en Colombia al 2050 Página 145 ◆ 6.2 Relación entre apuestas de la E2050 Página 183 ◆ 6.3 Medios de implementación para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia climática Página 196 Áreas de acción para la transición a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambición e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: “Vientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad”, historia para acercar al público infantil (niños de educación básica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia Página 265 ◆ 9.2 Relación de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcción de la E2050 Página 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ción Página 245 ◆ 7.2 Inclusión de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificación, políticas e instrumentos Página 247 ◆ 7.3 Información, capacidades y tecnología para la resiliencia climática Página 249 ◆ 7.4 Implementación pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformación de la E2050 Página 250 ◆ 7.5 Comunicación y gestión de la transición Página 252 El camino a seguir para la implementación y la actualización de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificación nacional e inter- nacional para la acción Página 53 ◆ 3.2 El cambio climático en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitación a mediados del siglo XXI Página 56 ◆ 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia Página 65 ◆ 3.4 Colombia, un país con alto riesgo por cambio climático (periodo 2040- 2070) Página 75 ◆ 3.5 Evaluación de posibles efectos económicos de la transición hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecológica como fundamento para la acción climática Página 101 ◆ 4.2 Cons- trucción participativa de la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo E2050 Página 108 ◆ 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 111 Bases para la construcción de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visión de ColombiaMensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.","{'text': 'A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.', 'answer_start': 406}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
17,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia climática socioecológica en Colombia al 2050 Página 145 ◆ 6.2 Relación entre apuestas de la E2050 Página 183 ◆ 6.3 Medios de implementación para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia climática Página 196 Áreas de acción para la transición a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambición e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: “Vientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad”, historia para acercar al público infantil (niños de educación básica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia Página 265 ◆ 9.2 Relación de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcción de la E2050 Página 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ción Página 245 ◆ 7.2 Inclusión de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificación, políticas e instrumentos Página 247 ◆ 7.3 Información, capacidades y tecnología para la resiliencia climática Página 249 ◆ 7.4 Implementación pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformación de la E2050 Página 250 ◆ 7.5 Comunicación y gestión de la transición Página 252 El camino a seguir para la implementación y la actualización de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificación nacional e inter- nacional para la acción Página 53 ◆ 3.2 El cambio climático en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitación a mediados del siglo XXI Página 56 ◆ 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia Página 65 ◆ 3.4 Colombia, un país con alto riesgo por cambio climático (periodo 2040- 2070) Página 75 ◆ 3.5 Evaluación de posibles efectos económicos de la transición hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecológica como fundamento para la acción climática Página 101 ◆ 4.2 Cons- trucción participativa de la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo E2050 Página 108 ◆ 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 111 Bases para la construcción de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visión de ColombiaMensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores. Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia.","{'text': 'A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.', 'answer_start': 358}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
18,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"será importante monitorear el cumplimiento de ambos elementos a lo largo del periodo de la NDC.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 a. Cómo la Parte considera que su NDC es justa y ambiciosa a la luz de sus circunstancias nacionales. Con la presente contribución, Costa Rica aumentó su ambición con respecto a la primera contribución presentada por Costa Rica ante la CMUCCC en el 2015. A continuación se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.","{'text': 'Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.', 'answer_start': 77}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
19,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"A continuación se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C. - El país pasó de tener una meta de emisiones absolutas netas máxima al 2030 de 9.37 a 9.11 millones de toneladas de CO2e. De manera que Costa Rica se compromete a reducir 0,26 millones de toneladas de CO2e más para el año 2030. - Costa Rica incluyó por primera vez una meta con un presupuesto máximo de emisiones netas para el periódo 2021-2030.","{'text': 'Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.', 'answer_start': 11}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
20,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"El país mejora la contabilidad y se han introducido nuevas opciones con una mejor claridad para seguir mostrando los esfuerzos de mitigación a nivel nacional, con la respectiva aplicación del Sistema Nacional de MRV, con una desagregación en lo sectorial a nivel de país.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 e. Cómo ha abordado la Parte el Artículo 4, párrafo 6 del Acuerdo de París. La República Dominicana se guía por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7.","{'text': 'Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050', 'answer_start': 84}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
21,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"La República Dominicana se guía por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7. Cómo contribuye la NDC para lograr el objetivo de la Convención como se establece en su Artículo 2. Cómo contribuye la NDC a los objetivos mundiales sobre el cambio climático (Convención, Acuerdo de París y descarbonización). Acciones específicas de mitigación y movilización de recursos financieros para implementación. a. Cómo contribuye la NDC a alcanzar el objetivo del Convenio establecido en su Artículo 2.","{'text': 'Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050', 'answer_start': 19}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
22,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Through this LEDS, Fiji will continue its climate leadership which, to-date, has included serving as the President of the 23rd Conference of the Parties (COP23) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the ambitious near-term targets Fiji committed to under its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
23,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS. To achieve this core objective, the LEDS has elaborated four possible low emission scenarios for Fiji: • A “Business-as-Usual (BAU) Unconditional scenario,” which reflects the implementation of existing and official policies, targets, and technologies that are unconditional in the sense that Fiji would implement and finance them without reliance on external or international financing.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
24,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Total Net Emissions for Fiji under four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). Figure 1. Total Net Emissions for Fiji under the four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). “As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy”FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 I 7 6 I FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 Each of the emission reduction scenarios detailed for each sector in this LEDS is underpinned by a range of key policies and actions that must be undertaken in each sector to achieve the emission reductions. A non- exhaustive list of prioritised actions, with high-level costing and timeline, linked to the achievement of the LEDS sector scenarios is outlined in Annex A.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
25,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"CCICD convened and chaired a LEDS Steering Committee composed of government ministries and major public utilities representing all relevant sectors in Fiji. CCICD then engaged members of the Steering Committee as well as numerous national and international experts and stakeholders from private sector, academia, and civil society through a participatory process to develop the LEDS (described in section 1.5 below). 1.2 FIJI’S VISION Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy. This is consistent and aligns directly with Fiji’s objective stated above to ensure that net zero emissions is achieved globally by 20503.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
26,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 14/176CHAPTER 2: FRANCE S PROJECT France has set targets for reducing territorial greenhouse gas emissions, in line with its international commitments15 and EU policy. These are: Achieving carbon neutrality by 205016 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 199017; In the short and medium terms, comply with the carbon budgets adopted by decree, meaning the emissions caps should not be exceeded per period of five years. In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. “Carbon footprint”).","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
27,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. “Carbon footprint”). We must develop a new sustainable model of growth that creates jobs and wealth and improves wellbeing whilst building a circular economy for the future that is resilient to climate change. 2.1. Strategic Themes A. Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
28,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing. These climate issues are global and closely linked to our consumption. Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
29,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B. International equity France assumes its responsibility in the fight against climate change, and upholds the principle already approved at international level of an action that is proportionate to the common responsibilities of States, but is fair and thus differentiated depending on the countries, taking into account the differences in the national situations, notably in terms of their capacity and potential to reduce emissions and their historical responsibility. C. Realism The strategy is based on a prospective baseline scenario of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 (cf. chapter 2.2. “The baseline scenario”). This will allow us to define one credible vision for the transition to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
30,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"This report is made public. The High Council for the Climate issues an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on this accompanying report. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy in relation to France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris climate agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. 5.3. Strategy revision Every five years, the low carbon strategy undergoes complete revision.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
31,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"It shall present an explanation for each of the objectives not achieved and the means implemented to achieve them. The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
32,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. Article L. 132-5 of the French Environmental Code The High Council for the Climate may take up a matter on its own initiative or be referred to it by the Government, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate or the President of the Economic, Social and Environmental Council to give an opinion, within the scope of its competence, on a bill, a legislative proposal or a question relating to its field of expertise.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
33,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"In: Climate change 2014, Mitigating climate change Contribution of Working Group III to the fifth Evaluation Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change National low carbon strategy - March 2020 166/176APPENDIX 10: CARBON SINKS This appendix is a list of the strategic elements of the SNBC related to carbon sinks. Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 involves striking a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions on the national territory. Indeed, by 2050, by mobilising as much as possible the potential of each available lever to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, without, however, making technological bets, a certain level of emissions seems incompressible, particularly in the non-energy sectors (agriculture in particular).","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
34,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"chapter 2.2), the estimated total sink in the land sector (forest and agricultural land) at optimal and sustainable performance, added to an estimated capture and storage sink, would only allow us to balance these residual non-energy emissions and the residual emissions from fossil fuels retained for part of the transport sector (national air and international transport). 174 See INRA study “stocker du carbone dans les sols français – quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?” (“Storing carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?”) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 138}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
35,FRA,France,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"174 See INRA study “stocker du carbone dans les sols français – quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?” (“Storing carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?”) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. A. Sinks in the land sector The forest contributes to the underlying SNBC scenario (AMS scenario) as a carbon sink in the forest ecosystem, as a carbon sink in wood products, and through substitution effects through the production of materials and energy that can substitute for more GHG-emitting materials and energy.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
36,HUN,Hungary,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf,"According to the modeling results, GHG emissions in the BAU scenario will decrease to only 56 million tons of CO2 eq)/year, from 2019 levels. Therefore, a considerably stronger effort will be needed to achieve the 2050 climate neutrality target1 than the policies and measures currently in effect. According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century. However, the clean energy transition will vary based on different assumptions, and the generation of socioeconomic benefits will differ in their development pathways (Figure 1).","{'text': 'According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
37,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2040.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"49On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document enfolds Iceland’s first communication on its long-term strategy (LTS), to be updated when further analysis and policy documents are published on the matter. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
38,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2040.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"The Paris Agreement further stipulates that, to attain these objectives, it will be necessary ‘to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases’, that is net zero emissions, in the second half of this century. Recent scientific reports have further evidenced the importance of immediate and long-term climate action.1 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document is Iceland’s first communication on its long-term climate strategy. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
39,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2040.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017. Foundation has been laid for the long-term strategy and various milestones have been reached on the path towards the long-term goal of climate neutrality. A key document is Iceland’s Climate Action Plan for emissions reduction of 40% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, which was published in 2020.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
40,IND,India,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2070.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf,"India’s NDC is ambitious, and it is a significant contribution towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. Environmentally sustainable, low carbon initiatives are underpinning all key sectors of the Indian economy.P a g e | 3 of 3 India reaffirms its commitment to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. This update to India’s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070. No change in the other sections or text or otherwise of the document containing existing first NDC is proposed at this stage. India reserves the right to provide further updates by way of additional submissions on its NDC, as and when required. *****","{'text': 'This update to India’s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
41,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"With the recognition of these, it will be an urgent task for the world to pursue efforts to limit the global average temperature rise to below 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. As a member of the international community, Japan will contribute to the world by formulating this long-term strategy and sharing the experiences out of its implementation, thereby contributing to achieving the aforementioned target set forth in the Paris Agreement. 2. Japan’s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
42,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Japan’s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth. By the Act Partially Amending the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures in 204th session of the Diet (Act No. 54 of- 4 - 2021) (Hereinafter the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (Act No.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
43,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,": une gouvernance efficace et la participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition (loi relative au climat, pacte climat) ; fournir les incitations nécessaires par le biais de la politique fiscale (principe du pollueur- payeur, taxe CO2 , taxation de l’énergie et des ressources) ; intégrer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l’Etat et garantir des finances publiques durables (investissements dans les infrastructures clés, flux financiers compatibles avec un profil d’évolution vers un développement à faible émission de GES) ; consolider le rôle précurseur de l’Etat et des communes en développant les marchés publics durables (bâtiments publics durables, sains et circulaires, véhicules électriques, stratégie de décarbonisation à l’horizon 2040) ; exploiter la fonction coordinatrice intersectorielle de l’aménagement territorial et urbain (programme directeur d’aménagement du territoire, centres de développement et d’attraction et déconcentration concentrée, consultation « Luxembourg in Transition ») ; mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l’innovation et la digitalisation (stratégie nationale de la recherche et de l’innovation, télétravail) ; favoriser l’engagement de la société et étoffer le rôle clé de l’éducation et de la formation (participation des citoyens et des consommateurs, transfert de connaissances et développement de compétences) ; ainsi que consolider le cadre UE en faveur de l’action pour le climat (paquet législatif « Delivering the European Green Deal », normes de performance des véhicules, exigences en matière d’écoconception). En bref, la cohérence du cadre législatif et politique avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050 devra être assurée.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 233}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
44,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"En bref, la cohérence du cadre législatif et politique avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050 devra être assurée. Ensuite, sont présentés les lignes directrices et les principaux champs d’action et mesures stratégiques pour guider la transformation dans tous les secteurs concernés (Entre parenthèses est évoquée une sélection des leviers et instruments décrits dans la stratégie.) :Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 7 / 97 1. Système énergétique 1. Principe de primauté de l’efficacité énergétique (réduction de la consommation énergétique, mécanisme d’obligations en matière d’efficacité énergétique) 2. Déploiement maximisé des énergies renouvelables (énergie solaire et éolienne, coopération européenne) et rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable (stratégie hydrogène, décarbonisation d’activités difficiles à électrifier) 3.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 10}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
45,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"205 La Commission européenne a publié en mai 2020 la communication COM(2020) 381 final : Une stratégie « De la ferme à la table » pour un système alimentaire équitable, sain et respectueux de l’environnement. 206 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Stratégie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralité climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs à améliorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en cohérence avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050, y compris par l’incitation accrue à des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 104}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
46,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"206 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Stratégie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralité climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs à améliorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en cohérence avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050, y compris par l’incitation accrue à des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires. Les fonds de la PAC sont à réallouer vers les activités et mesures promouvant la transition de la production agricole.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 69}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
47,MLT,Malta,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LCDS is being spearheaded by the Ministry for the Environment, Climate Change and Planning (MECP) and is the result of a three-year process initiated by Government and the MECP, whereby mitigation measures have been researched and short- listed, possible abatement levels quantified through Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) modelling (i.e. the ratio of abatement potential against incremental cost of measure), and stakeholders consulted, leading to a list of realistic and cost-effective measures which are to be implemented in the years to come. The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta’s contribution to EU-wide goals. Carbon neutrality is also one of Malta’s pillars for economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.","{'text': 'The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta’s contribution to EU-wide goals', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
48,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The context and long-term vision for this NDC is set out in RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: • commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at • communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least • reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; • commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; • commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; • commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and • commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors • Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) • Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018.","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
49,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: • commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at • communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least • reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; • commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; • commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; • commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and • commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors • Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) • Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. Fair and ambitious RMI’s emissions are negligible in the global context (<0.00001% of global emissions).","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
50,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 248}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
51,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). ¾ Focus in the short and medium term on RMI’s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; ¾ Act to reduce RMI’s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; ¾ Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; ¾ Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; ¾ Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; ¾ Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; ¾ Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; ¾ Include health considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years – including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs – at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and ¾ Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 214}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
52,MAR,Morocco,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"A cet effet, le Maroc a lancé un processus d’élaboration d’une LT-LEDS qui permettra la mise en cohérence des politiques publiques et l’alignement des décisions de court terme avec les objectifs de long terme. L’objectif de ce processus est de parvenir à une stratégie intégrée, commune et partagée par toutes les parties prenantes, établissant les principales orientations de l’économie et de la société marocaines entre 2020 et 2050 pour atteindre un objectif de décarbonation à l’horizon 2050 qui soit aligné avec l’Accord de Paris. L’autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l’ambition climatique au-delà des objectifs de court terme affichés dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralité carbone à l’horizon 2050.","{'text': 'L’autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l’ambition climatique au-delà des objectifs de court terme affichés dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralité carbone à l’horizon 2050.', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
53,MAR,Morocco,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"L’autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l’ambition climatique au-delà des objectifs de court terme affichés dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralité carbone à l’horizon 2050. L’élaboration de la LT-LEDS offrirait également au Maroc plusieurs opportunités majeures de : •  Co-construction d’un cap commun et partagé de transformation systémique du modèle de développement du Maroc et inscription dans une trajectoire à long terme d’une économie sobre en carbone ;Stratégie Bas Carbone à Long Terme •  Accélération de l’alignement du développement du Maroc avec les exigences des deux agendas mondiaux des Nations Unies, à savoir l’Accord de Paris et l’Agenda 2030 de développement durable tout en garantissant la sécurité énergétique du Royaume ; •  Exploration des retombées potentielles d’un mode de croissance décarbonée sur les plans économique (PIB, nouvel écosystème industriel vert de TPME, créativité et innovation), social (emplois verts, réduction des inégalités), environnemental et des territoires ; •  Amélioration de l’attractivité économique et sociale des territoires, des régions et des villes, tout en développant des infrastructures résilientes et à faible empreinte carbone ; •  Positionnement proactif dans un environnement international et régional en pleine mutation et porteur d’opportunités d’amélioration de la position commerciale et d’export du Maroc : « Green Deal » de l’UE et éventualité d’un ajustement aux frontières de l’UE du contenu en carbone des importations, initiatives sur le Bassin Méditerranéen, zone de libre-échange continentale (ZLECAF) et enjeux continentaux en Afrique… ; et •  Renforcement de la compétitivité internationale du pays, à travers l’attraction des investissements étrangers et l’accès à de nouvelles sources de financement climatique et au développement des partenariats internationaux.","{'text': 'L’autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l’ambition climatique au-delà des objectifs de court terme affichés dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralité carbone à l’horizon 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
54,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"The revised NDC allows for a robust assessment of Namibia’s mitigation and adaptation actions supported by a comprehensive stakeholder-driven dialogue mechanism and enhanced data. This report provides an update on the latest policies, measures and actions that will drive significant emission reductions whilst promoting a climate-resilient Namibia. The updated NDC presents a progressive shift above the 2015 pledge to reduce emissions from 89% to 91% by 2030. Mitigation contribution Namibia s mitigation commitment is in the form of a decrease in GHG emissions compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) baseline over the 2015-2030 period. This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050.","{'text': 'This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
55,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050. In the energy sector, the national sustainable energy strategy of Namibia looks to introduce new emissions- reducing technologies and encourage healthier practices that are more energy efficient.1 The updated NDC includes climate-friendly and energy-efficient refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC). Low Global Warming Potential technology options, particularly technology with natural refrigerants, exist as an alternative to HFCs for almost any RAC appliance. In the AFOLU sector, the main driver of the 2030 goal is to reduce the deforestation rate. The next 10 years will see a decrease in CO2 equivalents by over 13.5 MtCO2e.","{'text': 'This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
56,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"2050 Aspirational Goal Nauru aspires to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks by 2050, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. But achieving this aspirational goal will be contingent on the effective mobilization of sufficient international financial, technical and capacity building support. This ambitious mitigation effort must be pursued in tandem with urgent adaptationactions, including the full realization of the Higher Ground Initiative, along with major improvements to national food security, water security, and public health and safety.VII.","{'text': 'This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
57,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"To this end, the country has developed its policy and institutional framework. In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19 of the Paris Agreement, Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050. 3. Mitigation Component of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Quantified targets of NDC Type Activity-based targets and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sectorsThe targets in this section, unless otherwise specified, are conditional upon international support.","{'text': 'Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
58,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"La vulnerabilidad del país ante los efectos del cambio climático, tanto a nivel de sus estructuras físicas, como de la plataforma de servicios ecosistémicos y antropogénicos que sustenta la economía nacional, exige un aumento en el nivel de ambición climática para garantizar la sostenibilidad y competitividad del país en el largo plazo, en un escenario de desarrollo que para ser sostenible tiene que ser resiliente al clima. En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050, generando benefi cios triples.","{'text': 'En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050', 'answer_start': 67}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
59,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050, generando benefi cios triples. Esto es, que producen resultados múltiples y tangibles en los ámbitos del desarrollo económico, el bienestar social y la sostenibilidad ambiental, la igualdad de género y empoderamiento de las mujeres, jóvenes y grupos vulnerables, al minimizar el daño causado por los impactos del cambio climático y al mismo tiempo maximizar las oportunidades que ofrece el fi nanciamiento climático.","{'text': 'En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
60,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The other important component of the contributions would be from climate-resilient development in the country and enhancing adaptation in the livelihood of the rural population which amounts to 75 – 80 percent12 of the 8.25 million13 people in PNG. PNG’s NDC in 2016 was prepared in line with the national strategies and plans. The commitments were adduced from the National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy (NCCDMP), under which PNG aspires to reduce its emission to 50 percent by 2030 and to be carbon neutral by 2050. Specific to the forest sector, PNG developed its National REDD+ Strategy which was approved by NEC in May 2017. The National REDD+ Strategy outlines the key action areas across the sectors.","{'text': 'The commitments were adduced from the National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy (NCCDMP), under which PNG aspires to reduce its emission to 50 percent by 2030 and to be carbon neutral by 2050.', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
61,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The Republic of Seychelles is committed to reducing economy wide absolute Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 293.8 ktCO2e in 2030 (26.4%) compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario by implementing the following:a. Mitigation Contribution With its new and enhanced mitigation contributions, Seychelles seeks to achieve a substantial mitigation benefit, lowering the GHG emission to a level of 817 ktCO2eq by 2030, relatively to baseline emissions, as well as a lasting adaptation impact in terms of energy and water security for Seychelles and improved resilience across communities. The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
62,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
63,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b. Adaptation Contribution As a Small Island Developing State, Seychelles is inherently vulnerable to the impacts and risks associated with climate change, and thus gives high priority to climate adaptation strategies that will improve its resilience to these.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
64,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"83 TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017* – 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017 – 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO 85 FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK FORESTS . 86 TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 86 TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 86 ANNEX II - SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO INDIVIDUAL SECTORS . 88 LULUCF – expert approach . 90 Waste sector - expert approach. 90 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENARIOS USED IN THE LOW -CARBON STUDY 91 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS USED . 92LIST OF ACRONYMS BAT Best Available Technologies Carbon dioxide DHS District heating system MS Member State EE Energy efficiency EC European Commission ESD/ESR GHG emissions outside the EU-ETS EU ETS/ ETS European Emission Trading Scheme Gg Gigagram (=Mt) GDP Gross domestic product IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change IPPU Industrial processes and product use sector LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry sector Mt Million tonnes MW Megawatt ME SR Ministry of Economy of the SR MoE SR Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic NECP Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for 2021 - 2030 NMVOC Indirect emissions N2O Nitrous oxide OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAMs Policies and measures SEA Slovak Environment Agency WB World Bank SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SHMI Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Slovak-CGE GHG ENVISAGE-Slovakia applied general equilibrium mode Greenhouse gas UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MFF Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 WEM Scenario with existing measures WAM Scenario with additional measuresSUMMARY This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy (after the completion of the modelling of possible emission scenarios), and therefore other less ambitious emission reduction (and increase in removals) scenarios are analysed in detail: a scenario with existing WEM measures and a scenario with additional WAM measures.","{'text': 'This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy', 'answer_start': 361}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
65,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"92/07– official consolidated text, Assembly adopted at its session on 13 July 2021 the following R E S O L U T I O N ON SLOVENIA’S LONG-TERM CLIMATE STRATEGY UNTIL 2050 (ReDPS50) With the Resolution on Slovenia’s Long-Term Climate Strategy Until 2050 (hereinafter: Climate Strategy) being adopted to implement paragraph one of Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1), the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050.By setting the climate objective, the Climate Strategy is determining the goal of attaining net zero emissions by 2050 to other sectors and their sectoral policies.","{'text': 'the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
66,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"Implementation of the NDC The Republic of Korea is building up the following institutional arrangements and mechanisms to implement its updated NDC. First, the Republic of Korea is pushing forward policies that accelerate the achievement of its updated 2030 target and 2050 goal in accordance with the Carbon Neutrality Act. The Act was enacted in September 2021 with the aim of strengthening both mitigation and adaptation measures and addressing inequality that could arise in the societal transition to carbon neutrality. The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.","{'text': 'The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
67,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030. Other key pillars of the Act include: climate impact assessment, climate-responsive budgeting, Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS), adaptation measures for the climate crisis, and designation of special areas and establishment of support centers for the just transition. The Act serves as a legislative basis for the economic and social transition that will ultimately enable the Republic of Korea to achieve its NDC. Second, the public and private sectors have joined forces to implement the NDC with the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission at the center.","{'text': 'The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
68,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"First, the Republic of Korea is pushing forward policies that accelerate the achievement of its updated 2030 target and 2050 goal in accordance with the Carbon Neutrality Act. The Act was enacted in September 2021 with the aim of strengthening both mitigation and adaptation measures and addressing inequality that could arise in the societal transition to carbon neutrality. The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030. Other key pillars of the Act include: climate impact assessment, climate-responsive budgeting,Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS), adaptation measures for the climate crisis, and designation of special areas and establishment of support centers for the just transition.","{'text': 'The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea’s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
69,ESP,Spain,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"Asimismo, la disponibilidad de un sistema energético menos dependiente de los combustibles fósiles, disminuirá la exposición del país a las variaciones de los mercados internacionales de combustibles, aumentando así su resiliencia frente a los cambios internacionales y su competitividad en el contexto global. Por ello, el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis climática, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernización y competitividad de nuestra economía y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad climática en el horizonte 20501, con hitos intermedios en 2030 y 2040.","{'text': 'el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis climática, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernización y competitividad de nuestra economía y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad climática en el horizonte 2050', 'answer_start': 45}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
70,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2060.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The country focuses on building the resilience of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Health, Water, Biodiversity, Coastal and Marine, Tourism, Urban Planning and Human Settlement sectors Sri Lanka’s per capita greenhouse gas emission in 2010 was 1.02 tons and its global cumulative contribution in 2019 was 0.03%. Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; ➢ To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 ➢ To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation ➢ No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; ➢ Adopting ‘Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management’ with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 ➢ Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer ➢ Promoting organic fertilizer and farming ➢ Banning single-use plastics ➢ Promoting E-mobility ➢ Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1.","{'text': 'Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060', 'answer_start': 173}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
71,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2060.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; ➢ To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 ➢ To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation ➢ No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; ➢ Adopting ‘Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management’ with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 ➢ Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer ➢ Promoting organic fertilizer and farming ➢ Banning single-use plastics ➢ Promoting E-mobility ➢ Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1. Introduction Sri Lanka submitted its initial NDCs in September 2016 as a country that ratified the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
72,SWE,Sweden,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2045.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"This demands wide-ranging action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also demands that every sector of society plays a part in the climate transition. In 2017, the Swedish Parliament (Riksdag) adopted a climate policy framework with (1) national climate goals, (2) a Climate Act and (3) a Climate Policy Council. The climate policy framework’s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions. By 2045, greenhouse gas emissions from Swedish territory are to be at least 85 per cent lower than emissions in 1990. To achieve net zero emissions, supplementary measures may be counted in line with rules decided at international level.","{'text': 'The climate policy framework’s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
73,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"eq Buildings Transport Industry Agriculture Waste Synthetic Gases International Aviation and ShippingFigure 6: Development of the greenhouse gas footprint based on Swiss final demand from 2000 to 2017, broken down by domestic and import-related emissions (emissions related to exported goods and services are not in- cluded). Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).","{'text': 'Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
74,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero). Switzerland s greenhouse gas target for 2050 (net-zero target)… … means achieving equilibrium between sources of emissions and removal and covers all internation- ally governed greenhouse gases (not just CO2); … includes all sectors in the greenhouse gas inventory (energy, industrial processes and product us- age, agriculture, land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF), waste and others); … covers the emissions within Swiss national borders (territorial or point of sale principle); … also includes the emissions from international aviation and shipping attributable to Switzerland; … does not determine specific domestic and international shares for emission reductions; … represents an interim goal where future development after 2050 is still undecided.","{'text': 'Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
75,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2065.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy THAILAND Submitted under the Paris Agreementii The COP, by its decision 1/CP 21, paragraph 35, invited Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement. _____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand’s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand’s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand’s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand’s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand’s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand’s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020.","{'text': 'In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
76,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2065.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"_____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand’s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand’s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand’s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand’s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand’s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand’s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020. 10 Figure 1-6 Share of final energy consumption by economic sectors 2020 10 Figure 1-7 The energy conservation target during the year 2010-2037 13 Figure 1-8 National GHG emissions/removals by sector 14 Figure 1-9 Total GHG emissions by sector (excluding LULUCF) 2000 and 2016 15 Figure 1-10 GHG emissions in the Energy sector in 2016 15 Figure 1-11 GHG emissions in the IPPU sector in 2016 16 Figure 1-12 GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-13 GHG emissions in the LULUCF sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-14 GHG emissions in the Waste sector in 2016 18 Figure 1-15 Structure of the National Committee on Climate Change Policy 20 Figure 1-16 The structure of domestic MRV system for GHG emissions reduction 21 Figure 2-1 Thailand’s NAMAs implementation 24 Figure 2-2 GHG reduction potential in 2030 according to the NDC sectoral action plans 27 Figure 3-1 Preparation and approval process of Thailand’s LEDS 30 Figure 3-2 Framework of Thailand’s LEDS Development 31 Figure 3-3 Overview of the input of the AIM/EndUse model in developing Thailand’s LEDS 33 Figure 3-4 An overview of the AIM/CGE Model for Thailand’s LEDS 34 Figure 3-5 GHG emissions/removals by sector in 2005 – 2050 in the BAU scenario 38 Figure 3-6 Thailand’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission scenario.","{'text': 'In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
77,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2060.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"Moreover, it ensures a low greenhouse gas development that does not threaten Ukraine’s food production and that the Ukrainian economy can develop in a sustainable manner. How the NDC contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. Ukraine’s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.","{'text': 'Ukraine’s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
78,GBR,United Kingdom,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UK%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Ahead of COP26, the UK intends to publish a comprehensive Net Zero Strategy, setting out the government’s vision for transitioning to a net zero economy by 2050, making the most of new growth and employment opportunities across the UK. The Net Zero Strategy will constitute the UK’s revised Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy to the UNFCCC. The UK also intends to publish ambitious individual plans across key sectors of the economy, including an Energy White Paper, Transport Decarbonisation Plan, England Peat Strategy and Heat and Buildings Strategy ahead of COP26. The UK is dedicated to promoting equality and inclusion, including women’s empowerment and gender equality. Public authorities must fulfil responsibilities set out under the UK’s Equality Act (2010),17 which covers a range of protected characteristics.","{'text': 'Ahead of COP26, the UK intends to publish a comprehensive Net Zero Strategy, setting out the government’s vision for transitioning to a net zero economy by 2050, making the most of new growth and employment opportunities across the UK. The Net Zero Strategy will constitute the UK’s revised Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy to the UNFCCC.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
79,USA,United States of America,LTS,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"The time is now for decisive action, and the United States is boldly tackling the climate challenge. In 2021, we rejoined the Paris Agreement, set an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 50-52% in 2030, launched the Global Methane Pledge, and have undertaken additional concrete actions to advance climate action domestically and internationally. These investments are critical to immediately accelerate our emissions reductions. This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050. Achieving net-zero emissions is how we—and our fellow nations around the globe—will keep a 1.5°C limit on global temperature rise within reach and prevent unacceptable climate change impacts and risks.","{'text': 'This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050.', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
80,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
81,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Brazil’s updated NDC is broad in scope and includes a consideration of means of implementation and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions in all economic sectors. This contribution is communicated under the assumption that the implementation of the Paris Agreement fully respects the principles and provisions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. As a developing country, Brazil´s historical contribution to the global problem of climate change has been small.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
82,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"en relación a las emisiones no absorbidas del escenario BAU, propuesto en el Primer BUR de Andorra al CMNUCC (diciembre 2014). Este compromiso se incrementó con la primera actualización de la NDC en 2020, concretamente con un objetivo a largo plazo de neutralidad en carbono para el año 2050. La actualización que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.","{'text': 'La actualización que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.', 'answer_start': 49}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
83,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Netzero,T_FL,2050.0,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"La actualización que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050. Tipo de compromiso: visión a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducción cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualización de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducción del 37% a una reducción del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza así el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualización de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el año 2050.","{'text': 'La actualización que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Is carbon neutrality envisioned?
84,AND,Andorra,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The commitments currently made at a global level in the field of mitigation propose a future scenario very different from the objective defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), namely preventing any rise in temperature beyond 2ºC (compared to pre-industrial levels) by the end of the 21st century. However, the scientific community has emphasised the importance of taking the action required to prevent any rise in global warming beyond 1.5ºC with respect to pre-industrial levels and the international call to overcome this challenge is increasingly intense. Andorra therefore supports the implementation of the actions envisaged in the Paris Agreement entailing a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until carbon neutrality is achieved5.","{'text': 'Andorra therefore supports the implementation of the actions envisaged in the Paris Agreement entailing a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until carbon neutrality is achieved', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
85,AND,Andorra,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Andorra therefore supports the implementation of the actions envisaged in the Paris Agreement entailing a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until carbon neutrality is achieved5. In addition, in domestic terms, reducing emissions will lead to an improvement in the quality of the environment, with benefits for human health and a positive impact on the prevention of the potential natural risks associated with climate change. In both cases the goal is to ensure better quality of life for present and future generations. At the same time, the energy transition must allow the creation of a new ecosystem that promotes high added value activities, thus improving the diversification of our economy.","{'text': 'Andorra therefore supports the implementation of the actions envisaged in the Paris Agreement entailing a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until carbon neutrality is achieved', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
86,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"By this submission, Australia communicates its updated and enhanced first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. — Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia’s national inventory. — In order to achieve net zero by 2050, Australia commits to seven low emissions technology stretch goals - ambitious but realistic goals to bring priority low emissions technologies to economic parity with existing mature technologies. — Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.","{'text': 'Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia’s national inventory.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
87,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"By this submission, Australia communicates its updated and enhanced first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. — Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia’s national inventory. — In order to achieve net zero by 2050, Australia commits to seven low emissions technology stretch goals - ambitious but realistic goals to bring priority low emissions technologies to economic parity with existing mature technologies. — Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.","{'text': 'Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
88,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"— Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points. Australia’s emissions projections 2021 demonstrate that we are on track to reduce emissions by up to 35% below 2005 levels by 2030.1 The details of Australia’s 2030 and 2050 targets and low emissions stretch goals are set out in Tables 1–3, along with the information for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance with decision 4/CMA.1 (see Table 4). Emissions reduction targets must go hand-in-hand with real outcomes. Australia has a strong track record of setting emissions reduction targets that are both ambitious and achievable, and of holding ourselves accountable for exceeding them.","{'text': 'Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
89,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"Australia’s adaptation action is built on partnerships. Australia will continue to make strong contributions to global climate science and sharing our expertise, experiences and skills across the globe toward stronger adaptation and resilience outcomes.AUSTRALIA’S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION – COMMUNICATION 2021 Tables 1–3: Australia’s Nationally Determined Contribution 1.1 Quantifiable information on reference point Target 26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030, implemented as an emissions budget covering the period 2021–2030 Net zero emissions by 2050 1.1.1 Reference year or other starting point Emissions budget for the period 2021–2030 Australia’s net emissions in the most recently available year, published in the annual National Inventory Report.","{'text': '26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030, implemented as an emissions budget covering the period 2021–2030', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
90,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"Australia will continue to make strong contributions to global climate science and sharing our expertise, experiences and skills across the globe toward stronger adaptation and resilience outcomes.AUSTRALIA’S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION – COMMUNICATION 2021 Tables 1–3: Australia’s Nationally Determined Contribution 1.1 Quantifiable information on reference point Target 26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030, implemented as an emissions budget covering the period 2021–2030 Net zero emissions by 2050 1.1.1 Reference year or other starting point Emissions budget for the period 2021–2030 Australia’s net emissions in the most recently available year, published in the annual National Inventory Report. 1.1.2 Quantifiable information on the reference indicators The indicative value of the emissions budget is -e, corresponding to the 28% target, as published in Australia’s emissions projections 2021.","{'text': '26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030, implemented as an emissions budget covering the period 2021–2030', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
91,AUT,Austria,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"81 6.1.1 Energy and greenhouse gas scenarios 81 6.1.2 More detailed description of selected pathways 83 6.1.3 Wood value chain scenario . 89 6.2 Online consultation for a long-term climate strategy for a climate-neutral Austria in 6.3 Storylines for individual fields of action . 122 Tables . 125 Figures . 126 Abbreviations 127THE VISION – A climate-neutral Austria in 2050 A comprehensive long-term strategy needs a clear vision. The future will be what we make of it, not a given state. A long-term path requires an appealing and inspiring long-term vision. Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision.","{'text': 'Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
92,AUT,Austria,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision. A strategy that includes a comprehensive transformation of both our energy supply and our consumption patterns and that includes an adapted but competitive economic system goes far beyond of merely reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It must contain all three pillars of sustainability –economic, social, and environmental aspects – as this is the only way to achieve committing to far-reaching changes by the population. Resource saving, sustainable and innovative technologies and the circular economy are key elements to achieve the goal. The development of this vision, the design of the strategy, the definition, the implementation and review of concrete measures is a core task of politicians and public administration.","{'text': 'Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 – this is our vision', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
93,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"All analyses for the FOLU sector was carried out within this database. For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA’s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The emission impacts are calculated based on 1) the 2019 multi-sector GHG inventory prepared by the National Climate Change Office, 2) the 2015 Forest Reference Level, 3) 2020 calculations from the FAO’s EX-ACT estimation tool and IRENA’s ReMAP model for agricultural, transport and energy sectors, and 4) 2021 calculations from the FOLU GHG inventory database developed by CfRN in conjunction with the FOLU roundtable for land-use and land-use change and forestry sector.","{'text': 'The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets)', 'answer_start': 151}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
94,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA’s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The emission impacts are calculated based on 1) the 2019 multi-sector GHG inventory prepared by the National Climate Change Office, 2) the 2015 Forest Reference Level, 3) 2020 calculations from the FAO’s EX-ACT estimation tool and IRENA’s ReMAP model for agricultural, transport and energy sectors, and 4) 2021 calculations from the FOLU GHG inventory database developed by CfRN in conjunction with the FOLU roundtable for land-use and land-use change and forestry sector. f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Updates may reflect feedback from stakeholders provided during the validation of this document, as well as additional targets included in the long-term Low Emissions Development Strategy, which is currently being developed 2.","{'text': 'The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets)', 'answer_start': 139}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
95,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"With regards to mitigation action, Bhutan has been relatively successful in developing strategies and plans in key sectors but faces challenges in raising adequate support for implementation of the LEDS, NAMAs and other mitigation programs. 3. Summary of NDC (mitigation component) In presenting the second NDC, Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009 and reaffirmed in the first NDC. At the same time, Bhutan calls on the international community to continue and enhance the support for Bhutan’s efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.","{'text': 'Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
96,CHL,Chile,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Visión de largo plazo de Chile: Transición al desarrollo sustentable e inclusivo a más tardar al 2050 La ECLP será el instrumento orientador de la política climática para ali- nearla con la visión y meta de largo plazo definida para Chile y propuesta en el Proyecto de Ley Marco de Cambio Climático, que establece donde se debe llegar hacia mediados de siglo para ser coherentes con los esfuerzos mundiales de evitar el aumento de temperatura global tal como establece el Acuerdo de Paris. Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinación y sinergia sin precedente en materia de política am- biental en el país.","{'text': 'Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050', 'answer_start': 83}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
97,CHL,Chile,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinación y sinergia sin precedente en materia de política am- biental en el país. Esta estrategia, junto con la NDC, corresponden a los instrumentos de ges- tión del cambio climático de mayor jerarquía a nivel nacional, estableciendo objetivos, metas y lineamientos de mediano y largo plazo en materia de cambio climático a nivel nacional, sectorial y subnacional.","{'text': 'Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a más tardar al 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
98,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYI,2030,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","Moreover, China proposed 15 categories of policies and measures for enhanced actions on climate change. Since then, China has made significant progress in fulfilling its commitments in an active and pragmatic manner. China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030.","{'text': 'aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level,', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
99,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYI,2030,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. (III) Challenges Faced by China in Attaining the New Goals China is confronted with enormous challenges and difficulties in its NDCs, which calls for great efforts.","{'text': 'aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level,', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
100,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"A partir de ahora, inicia el reto de implementar la E2050 articulando su visión, principios fundamental- es y apuestas a los instrumentos de política pública, que contribuyan a construir el camino para una nue- va Colombia carbono neutral y con amplias capaci- dades de adaptación al cambio climático. Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia climática socioecológica en Colombia al 2050 Página 145 ◆ 6.2 Relación entre apuestas de la E2050 Página 183 ◆ 6.3 Medios de implementación para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia climática Página 196 Áreas de acción para la transición a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambición e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: “Vientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad”, historia para acercar al público infantil (niños de educación básica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia Página 265 ◆ 9.2 Relación de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcción de la E2050 Página 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ción Página 245 ◆ 7.2 Inclusión de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificación, políticas e instrumentos Página 247 ◆ 7.3 Información, capacidades y tecnología para la resiliencia climática Página 249 ◆ 7.4 Implementación pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformación de la E2050 Página 250 ◆ 7.5 Comunicación y gestión de la transición Página 252 El camino a seguir para la implementación y la actualización de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificación nacional e inter- nacional para la acción Página 53 ◆ 3.2 El cambio climático en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitación a mediados del siglo XXI Página 56 ◆ 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia Página 65 ◆ 3.4 Colombia, un país con alto riesgo por cambio climático (periodo 2040- 2070) Página 75 ◆ 3.5 Evaluación de posibles efectos económicos de la transición hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecológica como fundamento para la acción climática Página 101 ◆ 4.2 Cons- trucción participativa de la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo E2050 Página 108 ◆ 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 111 Bases para la construcción de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visión de ColombiaMensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.","{'text': 'A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.', 'answer_start': 406}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
101,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia climática socioecológica en Colombia al 2050 Página 145 ◆ 6.2 Relación entre apuestas de la E2050 Página 183 ◆ 6.3 Medios de implementación para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia climática Página 196 Áreas de acción para la transición a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambición e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: “Vientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad”, historia para acercar al público infantil (niños de educación básica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia Página 265 ◆ 9.2 Relación de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcción de la E2050 Página 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ción Página 245 ◆ 7.2 Inclusión de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificación, políticas e instrumentos Página 247 ◆ 7.3 Información, capacidades y tecnología para la resiliencia climática Página 249 ◆ 7.4 Implementación pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformación de la E2050 Página 250 ◆ 7.5 Comunicación y gestión de la transición Página 252 El camino a seguir para la implementación y la actualización de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificación nacional e inter- nacional para la acción Página 53 ◆ 3.2 El cambio climático en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitación a mediados del siglo XXI Página 56 ◆ 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia Página 65 ◆ 3.4 Colombia, un país con alto riesgo por cambio climático (periodo 2040- 2070) Página 75 ◆ 3.5 Evaluación de posibles efectos económicos de la transición hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecológica como fundamento para la acción climática Página 101 ◆ 4.2 Cons- trucción participativa de la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo E2050 Página 108 ◆ 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad Página 111 Bases para la construcción de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visión de ColombiaMensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores. Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia.","{'text': 'A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una economía resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.', 'answer_start': 358}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
102,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel más alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento. Para la acción generalE2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 En comparación con el plan de rehabilitación económica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la pérdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas climáticas priorizadas. La acción temprana (de hoy a 5 años) es clave para lograr los objetivos de carbono neutralidad hacia mitad de siglo.","{'text': 'Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel más alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
103,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Se deben fomentar las exportaciones no tradicionales, para buscar la com- pensación de la balanza comercial. El fortalecimiento de la bioeconomía puede presentarse como una excelen- te oportunidad para este propósito.E2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 Para cumplir con lo requerido por la ciencia (1.5 a 2 °C), al 2050 Colombia requiere reducir las emisiones GEI en al rededor del 90 % respecto de las emisiones del 2015, y balancear el 10 % restante con absorciones nacionales proporcionales (10 %), para alcanzar un balance neto cero entre emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero (carbono equivalentes) a partir del año 2050. La carbono neutralidad es un esfuerzo de todos los sectores y territorios. La electricidad deberá jugar un papel muy importante en un futuro carbono neutral.","{'text': 'Para cumplir con lo requerido por la ciencia (1.5 a 2 °C), al 2050 Colombia requiere reducir las emisiones GEI en al rededor del 90 % respecto de las emisiones del 2015, y balancear el 10 % restante con absorciones nacionales proporcionales (10 %), para alcanzar un balance neto cero entre emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero (carbono equivalentes) a partir del año 2050.', 'answer_start': 36}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
104,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Through this LEDS, Fiji will continue its climate leadership which, to-date, has included serving as the President of the 23rd Conference of the Parties (COP23) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the ambitious near-term targets Fiji committed to under its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
105,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS. To achieve this core objective, the LEDS has elaborated four possible low emission scenarios for Fiji: • A “Business-as-Usual (BAU) Unconditional scenario,” which reflects the implementation of existing and official policies, targets, and technologies that are unconditional in the sense that Fiji would implement and finance them without reliance on external or international financing.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
106,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Total Net Emissions for Fiji under four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). Figure 1. Total Net Emissions for Fiji under the four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). “As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy”FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 I 7 6 I FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 Each of the emission reduction scenarios detailed for each sector in this LEDS is underpinned by a range of key policies and actions that must be undertaken in each sector to achieve the emission reductions. A non- exhaustive list of prioritised actions, with high-level costing and timeline, linked to the achievement of the LEDS sector scenarios is outlined in Annex A.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
107,FJI,Fiji,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"CCICD convened and chaired a LEDS Steering Committee composed of government ministries and major public utilities representing all relevant sectors in Fiji. CCICD then engaged members of the Steering Committee as well as numerous national and international experts and stakeholders from private sector, academia, and civil society through a participatory process to develop the LEDS (described in section 1.5 below). 1.2 FIJI’S VISION Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy. This is consistent and aligns directly with Fiji’s objective stated above to ensure that net zero emissions is achieved globally by 20503.","{'text': 'To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
108,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 14/176CHAPTER 2: FRANCE S PROJECT France has set targets for reducing territorial greenhouse gas emissions, in line with its international commitments15 and EU policy. These are: Achieving carbon neutrality by 205016 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 199017; In the short and medium terms, comply with the carbon budgets adopted by decree, meaning the emissions caps should not be exceeded per period of five years. In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. “Carbon footprint”).","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
109,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. “Carbon footprint”). We must develop a new sustainable model of growth that creates jobs and wealth and improves wellbeing whilst building a circular economy for the future that is resilient to climate change. 2.1. Strategic Themes A. Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
110,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing. These climate issues are global and closely linked to our consumption. Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
111,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B. International equity France assumes its responsibility in the fight against climate change, and upholds the principle already approved at international level of an action that is proportionate to the common responsibilities of States, but is fair and thus differentiated depending on the countries, taking into account the differences in the national situations, notably in terms of their capacity and potential to reduce emissions and their historical responsibility. C. Realism The strategy is based on a prospective baseline scenario of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 (cf. chapter 2.2. “The baseline scenario”). This will allow us to define one credible vision for the transition to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
112,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"This report is made public. The High Council for the Climate issues an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on this accompanying report. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy in relation to France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris climate agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. 5.3. Strategy revision Every five years, the low carbon strategy undergoes complete revision.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
113,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"It shall present an explanation for each of the objectives not achieved and the means implemented to achieve them. The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
114,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. Article L. 132-5 of the French Environmental Code The High Council for the Climate may take up a matter on its own initiative or be referred to it by the Government, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate or the President of the Economic, Social and Environmental Council to give an opinion, within the scope of its competence, on a bill, a legislative proposal or a question relating to its field of expertise.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
115,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"In: Climate change 2014, Mitigating climate change Contribution of Working Group III to the fifth Evaluation Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change National low carbon strategy - March 2020 166/176APPENDIX 10: CARBON SINKS This appendix is a list of the strategic elements of the SNBC related to carbon sinks. Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 involves striking a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions on the national territory. Indeed, by 2050, by mobilising as much as possible the potential of each available lever to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, without, however, making technological bets, a certain level of emissions seems incompressible, particularly in the non-energy sectors (agriculture in particular).","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
116,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"chapter 2.2), the estimated total sink in the land sector (forest and agricultural land) at optimal and sustainable performance, added to an estimated capture and storage sink, would only allow us to balance these residual non-energy emissions and the residual emissions from fossil fuels retained for part of the transport sector (national air and international transport). 174 See INRA study “stocker du carbone dans les sols français – quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?” (“Storing carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?”) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 138}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
117,FRA,France,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"174 See INRA study “stocker du carbone dans les sols français – quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?” (“Storing carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?”) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. A. Sinks in the land sector The forest contributes to the underlying SNBC scenario (AMS scenario) as a carbon sink in the forest ecosystem, as a carbon sink in wood products, and through substitution effects through the production of materials and energy that can substitute for more GHG-emitting materials and energy.","{'text': 'Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
118,HUN,Hungary,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf,"According to the modeling results, GHG emissions in the BAU scenario will decrease to only 56 million tons of CO2 eq)/year, from 2019 levels. Therefore, a considerably stronger effort will be needed to achieve the 2050 climate neutrality target1 than the policies and measures currently in effect. According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century. However, the clean energy transition will vary based on different assumptions, and the generation of socioeconomic benefits will differ in their development pathways (Figure 1).","{'text': 'According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
119,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"49On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document enfolds Iceland’s first communication on its long-term strategy (LTS), to be updated when further analysis and policy documents are published on the matter. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
120,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"The Paris Agreement further stipulates that, to attain these objectives, it will be necessary ‘to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases’, that is net zero emissions, in the second half of this century. Recent scientific reports have further evidenced the importance of immediate and long-term climate action.1 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document is Iceland’s first communication on its long-term climate strategy. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
121,ISL,Iceland,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017. Foundation has been laid for the long-term strategy and various milestones have been reached on the path towards the long-term goal of climate neutrality. A key document is Iceland’s Climate Action Plan for emissions reduction of 40% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, which was published in 2020.","{'text': 'Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
122,IND,India,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf,"Therefore, in accordance with the aforesaid provision of the Paris Agreement read with relevant decisions, India hereby communicates an update to its first NDC submitted earlier on October 2, 2015, for the period up to 2030, as under: 1. To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation, including through a mass movement for ‘LIFE’– ‘Lifestyle for Environment’ as a key to combating climate change [ UPDATED]. 2. To adopt a climate friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.P a g e | 2 of 3 3. To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level [UPDATED]. 4.","{'text': 'To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
123,IND,India,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf,"To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level [UPDATED]. 4. To achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF) [UPDATED]. 5. To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. 6. To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management. 7.","{'text': 'To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
124,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"With the recognition of these, it will be an urgent task for the world to pursue efforts to limit the global average temperature rise to below 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. As a member of the international community, Japan will contribute to the world by formulating this long-term strategy and sharing the experiences out of its implementation, thereby contributing to achieving the aforementioned target set forth in the Paris Agreement. 2. Japan’s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
125,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Japan’s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth. By the Act Partially Amending the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures in 204th session of the Diet (Act No. 54 of- 4 - 2021) (Hereinafter the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (Act No.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
126,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"These visions will provide directions for all stakeholders to pursue possibilities towards the realization of the target. Together with policy directions, they will improve the predictability of investment and serve as the basis for expanding the investment in Japan. At the same time, it identifies areas which need disruptive innovation to promote corporate research and development (R&D) and investment. Furthermore, by setting forth these visions, Japan will take the lead in future international discussions including the formulation of frameworks and standards in the area of climate change. Japan aims to reduce its GHG emissions by 46 percent in FY 2030 from its FY2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal of achieving net-zero by 2050.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce its GHG emissions by 46 percent in FY 2030 from its FY2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal of achieving net-zero by 2050.', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
127,JPN,Japan,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Japan aims to reduce its GHG emissions by 46 percent in FY 2030 from its FY2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal of achieving net-zero by 2050. Furthermore, Japan will continue strenuous efforts in its challenge to meet the lofty goal of cutting its emissions by 50 percent. From now on and towards 2030, Japan will work on various measures including technology development, all of which will be in line with the goal of net-zero by 2050. On the way to FY2030, Japan will make the best use of the existing technologies to achieve this ambitious goal.","{'text': 'Japan aims to reduce its GHG emissions by 46 percent in FY 2030 from its FY2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal of achieving net-zero by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
128,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,": une gouvernance efficace et la participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition (loi relative au climat, pacte climat) ; fournir les incitations nécessaires par le biais de la politique fiscale (principe du pollueur- payeur, taxe CO2 , taxation de l’énergie et des ressources) ; intégrer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l’Etat et garantir des finances publiques durables (investissements dans les infrastructures clés, flux financiers compatibles avec un profil d’évolution vers un développement à faible émission de GES) ; consolider le rôle précurseur de l’Etat et des communes en développant les marchés publics durables (bâtiments publics durables, sains et circulaires, véhicules électriques, stratégie de décarbonisation à l’horizon 2040) ; exploiter la fonction coordinatrice intersectorielle de l’aménagement territorial et urbain (programme directeur d’aménagement du territoire, centres de développement et d’attraction et déconcentration concentrée, consultation « Luxembourg in Transition ») ; mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l’innovation et la digitalisation (stratégie nationale de la recherche et de l’innovation, télétravail) ; favoriser l’engagement de la société et étoffer le rôle clé de l’éducation et de la formation (participation des citoyens et des consommateurs, transfert de connaissances et développement de compétences) ; ainsi que consolider le cadre UE en faveur de l’action pour le climat (paquet législatif « Delivering the European Green Deal », normes de performance des véhicules, exigences en matière d’écoconception). En bref, la cohérence du cadre législatif et politique avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050 devra être assurée.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 233}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
129,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"En bref, la cohérence du cadre législatif et politique avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050 devra être assurée. Ensuite, sont présentés les lignes directrices et les principaux champs d’action et mesures stratégiques pour guider la transformation dans tous les secteurs concernés (Entre parenthèses est évoquée une sélection des leviers et instruments décrits dans la stratégie.) :Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 7 / 97 1. Système énergétique 1. Principe de primauté de l’efficacité énergétique (réduction de la consommation énergétique, mécanisme d’obligations en matière d’efficacité énergétique) 2. Déploiement maximisé des énergies renouvelables (énergie solaire et éolienne, coopération européenne) et rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable (stratégie hydrogène, décarbonisation d’activités difficiles à électrifier) 3.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 10}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
130,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"205 La Commission européenne a publié en mai 2020 la communication COM(2020) 381 final : Une stratégie « De la ferme à la table » pour un système alimentaire équitable, sain et respectueux de l’environnement. 206 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Stratégie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralité climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs à améliorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en cohérence avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050, y compris par l’incitation accrue à des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 104}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
131,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"206 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg », p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Stratégie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralité climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs à améliorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en cohérence avec l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050, y compris par l’incitation accrue à des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires. Les fonds de la PAC sont à réallouer vers les activités et mesures promouvant la transition de la production agricole.","{'text': 'l’objectif de la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 69}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
132,MLT,Malta,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LCDS is being spearheaded by the Ministry for the Environment, Climate Change and Planning (MECP) and is the result of a three-year process initiated by Government and the MECP, whereby mitigation measures have been researched and short- listed, possible abatement levels quantified through Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) modelling (i.e. the ratio of abatement potential against incremental cost of measure), and stakeholders consulted, leading to a list of realistic and cost-effective measures which are to be implemented in the years to come. The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta’s contribution to EU-wide goals. Carbon neutrality is also one of Malta’s pillars for economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.","{'text': 'The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta’s contribution to EU-wide goals', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
133,MCO,Monaco,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf,"- Les émissions de SF6 sont passées de 3,6 E-6 kt en 1990 (4,1 E-6 kt en 1995) à 5,4 E-6 kt en 2018. Répartition des émissions de GES par gaz en 2018Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement Evolution des émissions de GES par gaz entre 1990 et 2018Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement 2.2 Objectifs de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre 2030 La Principauté de Monaco s’est fixée comme objectif, dans le cadre de la présente Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National, de réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 55% en 2030.Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement 2.3 Principales Politiques et Mesures Pour l’atteinte de ses objectifs à horizon 2030, la Principauté de Monaco a d’ores et déjà mis en œuvre d’importantes politiques et mesures.","{'text': 'De réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 55% en 2030.', 'answer_start': 90}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
134,MCO,Monaco,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf,"Répartition des émissions de GES par gaz en 2018Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement Evolution des émissions de GES par gaz entre 1990 et 2018Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement 2.2 Objectifs de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre 2030 La Principauté de Monaco s’est fixée comme objectif, dans le cadre de la présente Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National, de réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 55% en 2030.Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National Direction de l’Environnement 2.3 Principales Politiques et Mesures Pour l’atteinte de ses objectifs à horizon 2030, la Principauté de Monaco a d’ores et déjà mis en œuvre d’importantes politiques et mesures. Ces politiques visent également à inscrire le territoire dans une tendance de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre pour parvenir à la neutralité carbone en 2050.","{'text': 'De réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 55% en 2030.', 'answer_start': 66}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
135,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"In 2015 the Namibian Government submitted its ambitious NDC with a pledge to reduce its national emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 89% by 2030. Since then, the Parties have agreed to announce a new round of enhanced NDCs. Hence Namibia has taken this major step to raise its mitigation ambition from 89% in 2015 to 91%. Namibia commits to reduce its GHG emissions conditionally by 14% (under limited domestic and international support) and towards 77% (with substantial international support) in 2030 compared to the Business As Usual levels, corresponding to a total reduction by 21.996 MtCO2e. Namibia is committed to combating climate change and accelerating the transition to a climate-resilient, low-carbon sustainable mode of development.","{'text': 'Namibia commits to reduce its GHG emissions conditionally by 14% (under limited domestic and international support) and towards 77% (with substantial international support) in 2030 compared to the Business As Usual levels, corresponding to a total reduction by 21.996 MtCO2e.', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
136,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Finally, the public will also have the opportunity to join and participate in the preparation of the document in the SEA process.2 CONTENT OF THE STRATEGY 2.1 Overall Emission Reductions and Enhancement of Removals up to 2050 2.1.1 Planned Emission Reductions and Enhancement of Removals up to 2050 Based on the WB’s energy and macroeconomic modelling summarized in the Low-Carbon Growth Study (energy sectors such as households, industry, energy and fuel combustion services) and the national projections and expert estimates (non-fuel sectors), it can be assumed that Slovakia could reduce emissions by 2050 (compared to 1990) by a maximum of 80% (without removals in the LULUCF sector) if all additional modelled measures are implemented. If maximum possible removals from the LULUCF sector are taken into account, a maximum of 90% emission reductions compared to 1990 could be envisaged, which would still not be sufficient to meet the objective of achieving climate neutrality.","{'text': 'A maximum of 90% emission reductions compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
137,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"If maximum possible removals from the LULUCF sector are taken into account, a maximum of 90% emission reductions compared to 1990 could be envisaged, which would still not be sufficient to meet the objective of achieving climate neutrality. By 2050 there would still be at least 14 MtCO2eq. without counting removals in LULUCF (Figure 2) and after counting removals, it would be at least 7 MtCO2eq. Figure 2: Estimated emission reduction trajectory until 2050, including historical emissions, based on national projections and historical emissions and an expert estimate of the MoE SR .","{'text': 'A maximum of 90% emission reductions compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
138,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"By 2050, Slovenia will reduce GHG emissions and improve sinks. It will reduce GHG emissions by 80 to 90 per cent in comparison to 2005 and simultaneously accelerate the implementation of climate change adaptation policies and the provision of climate safety for the public. The year 2005 was selected as the base year as emissions in 2005 were higher in that year only by 0.44 per cent than in 1986. The data for 2005 also enables division into emissions in the sectors included in the emissions trading system and those not included in this system.","{'text': 'By 2050, Slovenia will reduce GHG emissions and improve sinks. It will reduce GHG emissions by 80 to 90 per cent in comparison to 2005', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
139,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"In line with the declaration, the Republic of Korea once again communicates the enhanced update of its first NDC. The enhanced update of the first NDC of the Republic of Korea is set at the most ambitious level possible to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 despite the country’s manufacturing-oriented industry structure.The updated and enhanced target is to reduce total national GHG emissions by 40% from the 2018 level, which is 727.6 MtCO2eq, by 2030. 40% reduction target is more enhanced because it is below its linear reduction pathways from 2018 to 2050. This indicates the Republic of Korea’s enhanced ambition towards the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'The updated and enhanced target is to reduce total national GHG emissions by 40% from the 2018 level, which is 727.6 MtCO2eq, by 2030. 40% reduction target is more enhanced because it is below its linear reduction pathways from 2018 to 2050.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
140,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"eq Buildings Transport Industry Agriculture Waste Synthetic Gases International Aviation and ShippingFigure 6: Development of the greenhouse gas footprint based on Swiss final demand from 2000 to 2017, broken down by domestic and import-related emissions (emissions related to exported goods and services are not in- cluded). Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).","{'text': 'Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
141,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero). Switzerland s greenhouse gas target for 2050 (net-zero target)… … means achieving equilibrium between sources of emissions and removal and covers all internation- ally governed greenhouse gases (not just CO2); … includes all sectors in the greenhouse gas inventory (energy, industrial processes and product us- age, agriculture, land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF), waste and others); … covers the emissions within Swiss national borders (territorial or point of sale principle); … also includes the emissions from international aviation and shipping attributable to Switzerland; … does not determine specific domestic and international shares for emission reductions; … represents an interim goal where future development after 2050 is still undecided.","{'text': 'Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
142,GBR,United Kingdom,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UK%20NDC%20ICTU%202022.pdf,"In December 2020, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) communicated its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in line with Article 4 of the Paris Agreement. In its NDC, the UK commits to reducing economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions by at least 68% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. At COP26 in November 2021, which the UK hosted in Glasgow, Parties resolved to pursue efforts to limit global temperature increase to 1.5°C. They recognised that this would require rapid, deep and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated action in this critical decade to 2030.","{'text': 'the UK commits to reducing economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions by at least 68% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
143,USA,United States of America,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"The time is now for decisive action, and the United States is boldly tackling the climate challenge. In 2021, we rejoined the Paris Agreement, set an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 50-52% in 2030, launched the Global Methane Pledge, and have undertaken additional concrete actions to advance climate action domestically and internationally. These investments are critical to immediately accelerate our emissions reductions. This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050. Achieving net-zero emissions is how we—and our fellow nations around the globe—will keep a 1.5°C limit on global temperature rise within reach and prevent unacceptable climate change impacts and risks.","{'text': 'This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050.', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
144,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
145,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005.', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
146,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
147,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Brazil’s updated NDC is broad in scope and includes a consideration of means of implementation and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions in all economic sectors. This contribution is communicated under the assumption that the implementation of the Paris Agreement fully respects the principles and provisions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. As a developing country, Brazil´s historical contribution to the global problem of climate change has been small.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
148,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"La actualización que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050. Tipo de compromiso: visión a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducción cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualización de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducción del 37% a una reducción del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza así el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualización de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el año 2050.","{'text': 'pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducción del 37% a una reducción del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).', 'answer_start': 82}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
149,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Tipo de compromiso: visión a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducción cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualización de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducción del 37% a una reducción del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza así el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualización de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el año 2050. Así, el período de implantación para los objetivos de mitigación se divide en dos periodos, el primero a corto y mediano plazo que comprende desde el año 2020 al año 2030, y el segundo, a largo plazo, que comprende desde el año 2031 al año 2050.","{'text': 'pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducción del 37% a una reducción del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).', 'answer_start': 51}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
150,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"In addition, it incorporates the outcome of further analysis and consultation to enhance our existing plans, and to analyse future GHG emissions trends and mitigation and adaptation options. The INDC of Bangladesh consists of the following elements: ¾ Mitigation contribution: ƒ An unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors, based on existing resources. 1Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) Version 2.0. (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2014)"". World Resources Instituteƒ A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors, subject to appropriate international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building.","{'text': 'An unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
151,BLR,Belarus,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belarus_NDC_English.pdf,"The Republic of Belarus intends to make a more ambitious contribution in the global response to climate change and sets economy-wide unconditional and conditional greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Taking into account the economic situation and the country s capabilities, the new unconditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector.The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector and subject to using international financing mechanisms to introduce the best available technologies for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction.","{'text': 'to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
152,BLR,Belarus,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belarus_NDC_English.pdf,"Taking into account the economic situation and the country s capabilities, the new unconditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector.The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector and subject to using international financing mechanisms to introduce the best available technologies for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions exclusive of the LULUCF sector during 1990-2018 and the commitment until 2030 are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1.","{'text': 'to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
153,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Le Burkina Faso, au titre de ses nouvelles ambitions, a considéré un scenario inconditionnel et un scenario conditionnel. Le pays s’engage, en rapport avec ses actions d’atténuation, à réduire ses émissions de GES de 31682,3 Gg CO2eq à l’horizon 2030 soit 29,42% par rapport au scenario Business As Usual. Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60% et de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%. Comparativement à la CDN de 2015 qui était de 18,2%, l’Etat burkinabè a rehaussé ses ambitions de 11,22%.","{'text': 'Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60%', 'answer_start': 49}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
154,BDI,Burundi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf,"Les besoins en adaptation identifiés dans la CDN 2015 concernaient la foresterie, le renforcement des capacités humaines, institutionnelles, techniques et financières et le transfert des technologies. Des priorités, des politiques et des programmes nationaux ont été définis en termes d’adaptation au changement climatique (PND Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, PNA préliminaire etc). b) Atténuation Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel.","{'text': 'Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2)', 'answer_start': 55}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
155,BDI,Burundi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf,"b) Atténuation Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel. Selon la CDN 2015, l’établissement du BAU s’est référé aux hypothèses en rapport avec la croissance de l’économie nationale (PIB), la croissance démographique ainsi que le taux de l’électrification contenu dans les documents ci-haut cités. Certains de ces documents et bien d’autres élaborés ont servi de base pour l’établissement du BAU de la CDN 2020.","{'text': 'Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2)', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
156,CAF,Central African Republic,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf,"Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une évolution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de séquestration sur les mêmes horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence. La CDN de la RCA s’appuie sur l’inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte durée de vie (PCCVD), pour élargir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz à effet de serre.","{'text': 'Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence', 'answer_start': 33}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
157,CAF,Central African Republic,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf,"Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une évolution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de séquestration sur les mêmes horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence. La CDN de la RCA s’appuie sur l’inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte durée de vie (PCCVD), pour élargir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz à effet de serre.","{'text': 'Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence', 'answer_start': 33}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
158,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"• Avoid at least 2,900 premature deaths per year from improved air quality. • Create over one million1 decent and green jobs and • Benefit cumulatively nearly 38 million people, with the majority being the youth and women. The 13 adaptation measures are divided into seven unconditional2 and six conditional3 programmes of action. For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.","{'text': 'Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
159,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario. Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation. 3. Nationally Determined Contribution and National Development Ghana anticipates that the updated nationally determined contribution will play a key role in achieving the long-term national development objectives for the country and the global sustainable development goals.","{'text': 'Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
160,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"• Avoid at least 2,900 premature deaths per year from improved air quality. • Create over one million1 decent and green jobs and • Benefit cumulatively nearly 38 million people, with the majority being the youth and women. The 13 adaptation measures are divided into seven unconditional2 and six conditional3 programmes of action. For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.","{'text': 'Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
161,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario. Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation. 3. Nationally Determined Contribution and National Development Ghana anticipates that the updated nationally determined contribution will play a key role in achieving the long-term national development objectives for the country and the global sustainable development goals.","{'text': 'Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario.', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
162,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"Réduction conditionnelle des émissions des émissions par rapport à un scénario BAU et suivant l’année de référence. Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d’électricité) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déchets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déforestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au scénario inconditionnelNiveau d’atténuation estimé Hors UTCAFT, la République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030.","{'text': 'La République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 192}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
163,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d’électricité) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déchets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déforestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au scénario inconditionnelNiveau d’atténuation estimé Hors UTCAFT, la République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030. L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.","{'text': 'La République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 175}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
164,HND,Honduras,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20de%20Honduras_%20Primera%20Actualizaci%C3%B3n.pdf,"Contribución sinérgica S2: Reducción del consumo de leña. Honduras se reserva la opción de hacer uso de enfoques cooperativos y de mercado, incluidos los del artículo 6 del Acuerdo de París, que incluyan el uso de resultados de mitigación de transferencia internacional para cumplir con su NDC. Foto: Casa Presidencial, 2020Desvío del escenario BaU Contribución en mitigación M1 Contribución ODS Objetivos NDC Honduras se compromete a una reducción de un 16% de las emisiones respecto al escenario “business as usual” (BaU) para el 2030 para todos los sectores sin incluir UTCUTS. La ambición de Honduras en esta contribución se basa en el análisis de los efectos de las principales medidas de mitigación a desarrollar para alcanzar el objetivo de la contribución.","{'text': 'Honduras se compromete a una reducción de un 16% de las emisiones respecto al escenario “business as usual” (BaU) para el 2030 para todos los sectores sin incluir UTCUTS.', 'answer_start': 62}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
165,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,as early as possible in the second half of this century,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"Sharing Japan’s ideas and efforts with the world; contributing to the achievement of the long-term targets of the Paris Agreement, including efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels; and leading international discussions. 2. Long-term Vision Proclaiming a “decarbonized society” as the ultimate goal and aiming to accomplish it ambitiously as early as possible in the second half of this century, while boldly taking measures towards the reduction of GHGs emissions by 80% by 2050. (an unconventional vision of an “ideal future model”) 3. Basic Principles in Policy towards the Long-term Vision • Realizing “a virtuous cycle of environment and growth” towards the vision with business-led disruptive innovation; global efforts essential. • Swift implementation of actions from now • Contribution to the world 4.","{'text': 'Proclaiming a “decarbonized society” as the ultimate goal and aiming to accomplish it ambitiously as early as possible in the second half of this century', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
166,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Long term GHG emissions target Limiting the per capita GHG emissions to maximum of 1.23 t/CO2 , or 1.58 in 2050 to achieve the below 2°C objective, with a probability of 66% and 50% respectively. Based on the IPCC and IEA developments in the context of the below 2°C objective, the target is communicated in CO2 . For INDC monitoring, emission of other GHGs was accounted in CO2 -eq (shown in Section 12). 3. Contribution Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 11.49 - 13.75% below BAU in 2030. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.","{'text': '13.75% below BAU in 2030', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
167,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%92%20ENG%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2008102021.pdf,"The Kyrgyz Republic recognizes the importance of the adoption of the Low-Carbon Development Strategy and the National Adaptation Policy. The overall mitigation goal of the Kyrgyz Republic is to unconditionally reduce GHG emissions by 16.63% by 2025 and by 15.97% by 2030, under the business-as-usual scenario. Should international support be provided, GHG emissions will be reduced by 2025 by 36.61% and by 2030 by 43.62%, under the business-as-usual scenario. The achievement of the NDC is underlain by mitigation actions and policies covering five sectors. However, the primary mitigation capacity is concentrated in the Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses sectors. In the Energy sector, around 60% of all GHG emissions in the country are concentrated.","{'text': 'to unconditionally reduce GHG emissions by 16.63% by 2025 and by 15.97% by 2030', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
168,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output in expected to be more limited, growing broadly in line with trends over the past decade.MALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION IX A detailed assessment of identified GHG mitigation options for Malawi estimates a total emissions reduction potential of around 17.7 million tCO2 e in 2040 against the BAU scenario emissions in the same year of 34.6 million tCO2 e, equivalent to a reduction of 51 per cent. Based on the analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different contributions: Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2 e) in that year.","{'text': 'A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
169,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Based on the analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different contributions: Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2 e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15.6 million tCO2 e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding.","{'text': 'A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
170,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"As a result of this process, changes to choice of indicators were made and taken forward into the subsequent stage of work (NDC Implementation Plan and M&E Framework).MALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 13 5 Mitigation contribution Malawi‟s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period to 2040. The contribution comprises of two components: Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2 e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.","{'text': 'A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
171,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).","{'text': 'indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035', 'answer_start': 230}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
172,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). ¾ Focus in the short and medium term on RMI’s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; ¾ Act to reduce RMI’s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; ¾ Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; ¾ Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; ¾ Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; ¾ Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; ¾ Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; ¾ Include health considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years – including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs – at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and ¾ Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.","{'text': 'indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035', 'answer_start': 196}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
173,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"It is worth pointing out that RMI has already undertaken significant steps to reduce its GHG emissions. Its emissions peaked in 2009, and the National Energy Policy and Energy Action Plan identifies a comprehensive list of strategies to further reduce GHG emissions. To maintain this momentum, this 2050 Strategy recommends undertaking studies and pilot projects, which focus on the actions with the highest potential to transform RMI’s energy usage and accelerate the shift away from emissions-intensive practices, towards net zero emissions by 2050. 13. With strategic and adaptive management, RMI can achieve significant emissions reductions and solidify its climate leadership position. In its 2009 and 2016 National Energy Plans, RMI outlined national goals for energy use that move the country toward achievement of its 100% decarbonization vision by 2050.","{'text': '100% decarbonization vision by 2050', 'answer_start': 124}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
174,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"In its 2009 and 2016 National Energy Plans, RMI outlined national goals for energy use that move the country toward achievement of its 100% decarbonization vision by 2050. The electricity sector has by far the greatest potential to rapidly reduce RMI’s GHG emissions in line with its 2025 and 2030 NDC targets. The pathway to asustainable green energy mix and to further decarbonizing the electricity generation sector will be set out in RMI’s forthcoming Electricity Roadmap. Further Detail 14. This 2050 Strategy shows that by 2050, RMI can nearly achieve its goal of reaching zero emissions. In order to achieve these results without the use of GHG offsets, significant changes to energy policy and in-use technologies are needed. 15.","{'text': '100% decarbonization vision by 2050', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
175,MHL,Marshall Islands,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150721%20RMI%20INDC%20JULY%202015%20FINAL%20SUBMITTED.pdf,"They put RMI on a trajectory to nearly halve GHG emissions between 2010 and 2030, with a view to achieving net zero GHG emissions by 2050, or earlier if possible. This will require a significant improvement in energy efficiency and uptake of renewables, in particular solar and biofuels, as well as transformational technology, such as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025.","{'text': '32% below 2010 levels by 2025', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
176,MHL,Marshall Islands,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150721%20RMI%20INDC%20JULY%202015%20FINAL%20SUBMITTED.pdf,"RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025. RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country’s first National Climate Change Dialogue and three rounds of stakeholder consultations.","{'text': '32% below 2010 levels by 2025', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
177,MHL,Marshall Islands,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150721%20RMI%20INDC%20JULY%202015%20FINAL%20SUBMITTED.pdf,"RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country’s first National Climate Change Dialogue and three rounds of stakeholder consultations. This process has produced genuine national ownership of the INDC and highlighted synergies with other UNFCCC-related processes, including National Communications, Biennial Update Reports, National Adaptation Planning, and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).","{'text': '32% below 2010 levels by 2025', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
178,MRT,Mauritania,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf,"Ce potentiel est constitué par l’énorme gisement de production d’énergie propre, éolienne et solaire. Ainsi, la CDN actualisée de la Mauritanie prévoit une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable à celui reçu jusqu’à 2020. Avec un appui plus conséquent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralité carbone, allant jusqu’à une réduction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU. Le coût global de cette ambition est estimé à 34255 Million US$ dont 635 Million US$ est inconditionnel soit 1,85%.","{'text': 'Ainsi, la CDN actualisée de la Mauritanie prévoit une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable à celui reçu jusqu’à 2020.', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
179,MNE,Montenegro,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC%20for%20Montenegro.pdf,"In the GHG inventory compiled in 2020, covering the years 1990–2018, base year emissions amounted to 5 383 Gg CO2 equivalent. (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example as a percentage or amount of reduction At least a 35% reduction in total national GHG emissions (excl. LULUCF) by 2030 compared to 1990 (base year).","{'text': 'At least a 35% reduction in total national GHG emissions (excl. LULUCF) by 2030 compared to 1990 (base year)', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
180,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,"Pour l’année de référence 2010, Le niveau d’émission de l’année de référence était de 72 979 Gg d’équivalents CO2. NA Une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence (CNA), avec les moyens propres du pays appuyé par un soutien international comparatif à celui reçu jusqu’à 2020. Avec un soutien plus conséquent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu’à une réduction des émissions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA. La quantification des indicateurs de référence a été basée sur les données de l’inventaire national des émissions des GES qui sera communiqué dans la Quatrième Communication Nationale. Une seule année d’objectif : 2030.","{'text': 'Une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence', 'answer_start': 20}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
181,NLD,Netherlands,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Netherlands.pdf,"Long term strategy on climate mitigation The NetherlandsClimate change mitigation is a matter of great urgency. Pursuant to the national Climate Act, the Netherlands needs to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 95% by 2050 compared to 1990. This will be a daunting task for the next 30 years. However, the Netherlands is not starting from scratch. In many areas, the transition is already under way and will pick up pace considerably over the coming years. Furthermore, developments in the Netherlands and worldwide have shown that sustainability improvements and economic growth can go hand in hand. This is cause for hope. Nevertheless, the Netherlands will continue to face many challenges during the transition.","{'text': 'Pursuant to the national Climate Act, the Netherlands needs to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 95% by 2050 compared to 1990.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
182,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"See further details on our approach to carbon market cooperation. Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global eff ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand’s fi rst NDC covers 2021–2030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets is strictly limited Domesti c abatement will count towards meeti ng our NDC Long-term low-emissions development strategy High-level nati onal strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to be communicated under the Paris Agreement Emissions reductions plans provide the detail Detailed policies and strategies that focus on the next 5–15 years The fi rst plan published at the end of 2021 with a new plan published every fi ve years from 2024 Supplements the long-term low-emissions development strategy Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 13Emissions reduction plans 4 These targets were informed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s special report on the impacts of global warming at 1.5°C.","{'text': 'By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
183,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global eff ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand’s fi rst NDC covers 2021–2030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets is strictly limited Domesti c abatement will count towards meeti ng our NDC Long-term low-emissions development strategy High-level nati onal strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to be communicated under the Paris Agreement Emissions reductions plans provide the detail Detailed policies and strategies that focus on the next 5–15 years The fi rst plan published at the end of 2021 with a new plan published every fi ve years from 2024 Supplements the long-term low-emissions development strategy Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 13Emissions reduction plans 4 These targets were informed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s special report on the impacts of global warming at 1.5°C. Emissions reduction plans are one of the main requirements in the Zero Carbon Framework (figure 3).","{'text': 'By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24–47% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
184,NOR,Norway,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"But choices made by the Norwegian Government, the Storting (Norwegian parliament), and by municipalities and counties, the business sector and individuals in Norway – on resource use, spatial management and how and where to build and travel – will have major impacts on the situation in Norway in 2050. Norway’s target of becoming a low-emission society must therefore be made an integral part of the basis for decision making from now onwards. In planning for Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society, it will be vital to ensure that everyone is pulling in the same direction and that changes take place quickly enough for Norway to achieve its climate targets. It is a political responsibility to ensure that new opportunities can be used and help to ease the transition.","{'text': 'Norway’s target of becoming a low-emission society must therefore be made an integral part of the basis for decision making from now onwards.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
185,PAK,Pakistan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pakistan%20Updated%20NDC%202021.pdf,"The GoP has taken a series of transformative initiatives. 1 Including hydroPAKISTAN: UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS 2021 Hence, Pakistan intends to set a cumulative ambitious aim of conditional and voluntary contributions of overall 50% reduction of its projected emissions by 2030, with a 15% drop below business as usual (BAU) from the country’s own resources, and an additional 35% drop below BAU subject to international financial support. Fg.1.1: Voluntary and Conditional Reduction of 50% below its projected BAU emissions by 2030 HIGH PRIORITY ACTIONS The GoP attaches High Priority to reduce future GHG emissions from the following four sectoral initiatives which are conditional to the availability of international financial and technical resources: MITIGATION: 1. RENEWABLE ENERGY: By 2030, 60 % of all energy produced in the country will be generated from renewable energy resources including hydropower. 2.","{'text': 'Pakistan intends to set a cumulative ambitious aim of conditional and voluntary contributions of overall 50% reduction of its projected emissions by 2030, with a 15% drop below business as usual (BAU) from the country’s own resources,', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
186,PRY,Paraguay,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf,“Desviación del escenario de Business as Usual” Meta Global 20% de reducciones en base al comportamiento de las emisiones proyectadas al 2030. - Meta Unilateral: 10% de reducción de emisiones proyectadas al 2030 - Meta Condicionada: 10% de reducción de emisiones proyectadas al Línea Base Punto de Referencia: INGEI año base 2000 presentado en la Segunda Comunicación Nacional. Proyección de emisiones - INGEI proyectado año base 2011: 140 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisión) - INGEI proyectado año base 2020: 232 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisión) - INGEI proyectado año base 2030: 416 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisión) Alcance Sectores: todos los sectores citados en las guías metodológicas del IPCC para la realización de los inventarios de gases de efecto invernadero.,"{'text': 'Meta Unilateral: 10% de reducción de emisiones proyectadas al 2030', 'answer_start': 23}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
187,QAT,Qatar,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Qatar%20NDC.pdf,"Energy including transport & downstream industries; building & construction industry, water management, waste, and infrastructure. 4 Emission reduction ambition. The reduction of 25% in GHG emissions for the year 2030, relative to BAU scenario is consistent with provisions stipulated in Articles 4.3, 4.4 and 4.7 of PA. Also, Article 6 is considered in the implementation. 5 BAU and NDC target scenarios The BAU scenario starts in the year 2019 and considers mitigation measures implemented by the State of Qatar until the end of 2019. The NDC target scenario represents a deviation from the BAU, accounting for implemented and planned measures for the period 2020- 2030.","{'text': 'reduction of 25% in GHG emissions for the year 2030, relative to BAU scenario', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
188,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"* MEMO items include emissions from aviation and electricity import Specific objectives Based on current sectoral greenhouse gas emissions and available measures and technologies, the contribution of each sector to the achievement of the overall national target, is defined through the adoption of the following sectoral GHG emissions reductions or limitations objectives to be achieved by 2050 compared to 1990: • Energy sector: -64% (excluding MEMO items) A Long-term Vision The Republic of North Macedonia is, by 2050, a prosperous, low carbon economy, following sustainable and climate resilient development pathways, enhancing competitiveness and promoting social cohesion through action to combat climate change and its impacts. A long-term objective quantifying North Macedonia’s contribution to the global effort Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia’s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Industrial Process and Product Use sector: • Agriculture sector: -34% • Carbon sink in forests and other land uses: • Waste sector: -2% Reducing Republic of North Macedonia’s vulnerability to climate change impacts will require the definition and implementation of measures related to nearly every aspect of policy, including sectors as diverse as human health, cultural heritage and biodiversity.","{'text': 'Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia’s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
189,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"A long-term objective quantifying North Macedonia’s contribution to the global effort Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia’s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Industrial Process and Product Use sector: • Agriculture sector: -34% • Carbon sink in forests and other land uses: • Waste sector: -2% Reducing Republic of North Macedonia’s vulnerability to climate change impacts will require the definition and implementation of measures related to nearly every aspect of policy, including sectors as diverse as human health, cultural heritage and biodiversity. This strategy lays the ground for the immediate and urgent work required to address key technical barriers previously identified and to prepare a detailed cross-sectoral National Adaptation Plan (NAP), which will lay the grounds for international cooperation on the matter and set the country on course to a climate resilient sustainable development.","{'text': 'Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia’s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
190,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Réduction inconditionnelle des émissions par rapport à un scénario BAU et suivant l’année de référence. Réduction conditionnelle des émissions des émissions par rapport à un scénario BAU et suivant l’année de référence Année de base 2010 Période de Mise en œuvre Secteurs couverts Tous les secteurs (IPCC 2006) - Énergie (production d’électricité, combustibles domestiques, efficacité énergétique, Transport) - Procédés Industriels, - Déchets, - AFAT (Agriculture, Foresterie et utilisation terres) Méthodologie d’inventaire des émissions : IPCC 2006 Objectifs sectoriels Énergie : Objectif inconditionnel 7,6 et 10%, Objectif conditionnel 35,4 et 41,2% Agriculture Objectif inconditionnel 1,72 et 2,36% Objectif conditionnel 8,76 et 11,98 % Déchets Objectif inconditionnel 10,99 et 11% Objectif conditionnel 65,28 et 65,28% Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits Objectif inconditionnel 0% Objectif conditionnel 4 et 8,1% Agrégation des objectifs sectoriels Objectif inconditionnel 5 et 7% de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030 Objectif conditionnel 23,7 et 29,5 % de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030Les émissions de GES de l’année de base 2010 (BAU) se répartissent comme suit : (voir tableau 13) Tableau 13 : Répartition des émissions de GES en 2010 Secteur Niveau d’émissions en Gg Pourcentage Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits 1412 8 NB : Les émissions nettes du Sénégal en 2010 sont estimées à 3 925 Gg CO2e.","{'text': '5 et 7% de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030', 'answer_start': 133}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
191,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Réduction conditionnelle des émissions des émissions par rapport à un scénario BAU et suivant l’année de référence Année de base 2010 Période de Mise en œuvre Secteurs couverts Tous les secteurs (IPCC 2006) - Énergie (production d’électricité, combustibles domestiques, efficacité énergétique, Transport) - Procédés Industriels, - Déchets, - AFAT (Agriculture, Foresterie et utilisation terres) Méthodologie d’inventaire des émissions : IPCC 2006 Objectifs sectoriels Énergie : Objectif inconditionnel 7,6 et 10%, Objectif conditionnel 35,4 et 41,2% Agriculture Objectif inconditionnel 1,72 et 2,36% Objectif conditionnel 8,76 et 11,98 % Déchets Objectif inconditionnel 10,99 et 11% Objectif conditionnel 65,28 et 65,28% Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits Objectif inconditionnel 0% Objectif conditionnel 4 et 8,1% Agrégation des objectifs sectoriels Objectif inconditionnel 5 et 7% de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030 Objectif conditionnel 23,7 et 29,5 % de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030Les émissions de GES de l’année de base 2010 (BAU) se répartissent comme suit : (voir tableau 13) Tableau 13 : Répartition des émissions de GES en 2010 Secteur Niveau d’émissions en Gg Pourcentage Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits 1412 8 NB : Les émissions nettes du Sénégal en 2010 sont estimées à 3 925 Gg CO2e. Figure 9 : répartition des émissions en Gg de GES en 2010 Repartition des émissions Globales (sans Foresterie) de GES CDN en 2010 Energie Procédés industriels Dechets AgricultureLe secteur agricole représente presque la moitié des émissions du Sénégal en 2010.","{'text': '5 et 7% de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030', 'answer_start': 118}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
192,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Existing infrastructure will also be retrofitted, or managed differently, because of climate change.Updated Nationally Determined Contribution 5. MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION In order to contribute to the mitigation of global GHG emissions, Sierra Leone’s commitment is to reduce its domestic GHG emissions of 10% by 2030 as compared to a no-policy scenario of 2015 to 2030, with an intermediary indicative mitigation target of 5% reduction by 2025 against the same baseline. In the longer term, Sierra Leone’s mitigation ambition is to cut GHG emission by 25% in 2050 with the inclusion of additional sectors and gases in the successive NDCs with clear and measurable mitigation targets and specific actions.","{'text': 'reduce its domestic GHG emissions of 10% by 2030 as compared to a no-policy scenario of 2015 to 2030, with an intermediary indicative mitigation target of 5% reduction by 2025', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
193,HTI,Haiti,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revisee%20Haiti%202022.pdf,"Les valeurs des indicateurs pourront être mises à jour dans les prochains rapports d’inventaires en cas de disposition de nouvelles données et/ou d’amélioration méthodologique. 2. Délais et/ou délais de mise en œuvre a. Calendrier et/ou période de mise en œuvre, y compris les dates de début et de fin, conformément à toute autre décision pertinente adoptée par la CMA. b. Qu’il s’agisse d’un objectif annuel ou pluriannuel, selon le cas. L’année d’objectif est 2030. 3. Périmètre et couverture a. Description générale de l’objectif d’atténuation. Réduction de 6032 ktCO2e à l’horizon 2030 de manière conditionnelle, représentant une réduction nette de 32% par rapport au scénario de référence. Ce qui représente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui était de 31%.","{'text': 'Réduction de 6032 ktCO2e à l’horizon 2030 de manière conditionnelle, représentant une réduction nette de 32% par rapport au scénario de référence. Ce qui représente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui était de 31%', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
194,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Switzerland_Full%20NDC%20Communication%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU.pdf,"Given the adoption of the adaptation registry is still pending as of submission date, the document can be found here: Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated. Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) from cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will partly be used.","{'text': 'In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
195,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Swiss%20NDC%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU_December%202021.pdf,"Comprehensive information on adaptation strat- egies, planning, measures and implementation are found in Switzerland’s first adaptation communica- tion under the Paris Agreement (2020)2 and in Switzerland’s 7th National Communication (2018)3. Switzerland’s NDC Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated.","{'text': 'In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
196,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Switzerland_Full%20NDC%20Communication%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU.pdf,"Given the adoption of the adaptation registry is still pending as of submission date, the document can be found here: Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated. Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) from cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will partly be used.","{'text': 'By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
197,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Swiss%20NDC%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU_December%202021.pdf,"Comprehensive information on adaptation strat- egies, planning, measures and implementation are found in Switzerland’s first adaptation communica- tion under the Paris Agreement (2020)2 and in Switzerland’s 7th National Communication (2018)3. Switzerland’s NDC Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated.","{'text': 'By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
198,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Swiss%20NDC%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU_December%202021.pdf,"By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated. Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) from cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will partly be used. The methodological approaches underlying the Swiss NDC are included in this communication. Long-term: Switzerland aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. This target lays the foundations for Switzerland’s 2050 climate strategy, which was transmitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat on 28 January 2021. 2 Switzerland’s adaptation communication has been submitted to the UNFCCC in December 2020: fccc.int/topics/adaptation-and-resilience/workstreams/adaptation-communicationsA) Information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding of nationally determined contributions (4/CMA.1, Annex I) 1.","{'text': 'By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
199,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_TRA,2021-2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Switzerland_Full%20NDC%20Communication%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU.pdf,"Given the adoption of the adaptation registry is still pending as of submission date, the document can be found here: Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated. Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) from cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will partly be used.","{'text': 'In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
200,CHE,Switzerland,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_TRA,2021-2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Swiss%20NDC%202021-2030%20incl%20ICTU_December%202021.pdf,"Comprehensive information on adaptation strat- egies, planning, measures and implementation are found in Switzerland’s first adaptation communica- tion under the Paris Agreement (2020)2 and in Switzerland’s 7th National Communication (2018)3. Switzerland’s NDC Switzerland is committed to follow recommendations of science in order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with 1990 levels is anticipated.","{'text': 'In view of its climate neutrality target by 2050, Switzerland’s NDC is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50 percent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 percent over the period 2021–2030.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
201,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Par ailleurs, afin d’assurer un développement durable sobre en carbone, le Togo s’est engagé dans un ambitieux programme de lutte contre les changements climatiques dont les activités nécessitent un appui soutenu de ses partenaires techniques et financiers (renforcement de capacité, transfert et diffusion de technologie, et ressources financières). ❖ Contribution inconditionnelle Les résultats de l’analyse des réductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s’engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% à l’horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11).","{'text': 'dans une contribution inconditionnelle de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% à l’horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq', 'answer_start': 64}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
202,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"❖ Contribution inconditionnelle Les résultats de l’analyse des réductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s’engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% à l’horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11). ❖ Contribution conditionnelle Dans l’approche proposée pour le scénario d’atténuation, l’Etat togolais s’engage, s’il bénéficie du soutien requis, de réaliser une diminution supplémentaire de 30,06% des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence à l’horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d’autosuffisance alimentaire en procédant de façon à ne pas compromettre son développement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des réductions globales des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence ❖ Contribution globale De façon globale, la contribution du Togo s’élève à 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq à l’horizon 2030 répartie comme suit : ✓ Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; ✓ Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%.","{'text': 'dans une contribution inconditionnelle de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% à l’horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq', 'answer_start': 16}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
203,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"Besoins de financement La mise en œuvre de la CDN actualisée nécessitera la mobilisation d’importantes ressources financières, estimées à environ 19,4 milliards USD sur la période 2021-2030, dont 14,4 milliards USD pour l’atténuation, 4,3 milliards USD pour l’adaptation et 0,7 milliards USD pour les actions de renforcement des capacités.CDN actualisée de la TUNISIE LA CONTRIBUTION TUNISIENNE ACTUALISÉE EN MATIÈRE D’ATTÉNUATION 1.Type d’objectif % de baisse de l’intensité carbone par rapport à une année de référence Année cible  Période de mise en œuvre  Année de référence Objectif global de la CDN La contribution de la Tunisie en matière d’atténuation se matérialise par une baisse de 45% de son intensité carbone en 2030 par rapport à celle de 2010 (Figure 1). Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d’atténuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond à une baisse de l’intensité carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport à celle de l’année de référence 2010, ce qui est très largement au-dessus de la première CDN ou l’effort inconditionnel devait générer seulement 13% de réduction de l’intensité carbone.","{'text': 'une baisse de l’intensité carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport à celle de l’année de référence 2010', 'answer_start': 134}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
204,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d’atténuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond à une baisse de l’intensité carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport à celle de l’année de référence 2010, ce qui est très largement au-dessus de la première CDN ou l’effort inconditionnel devait générer seulement 13% de réduction de l’intensité carbone. La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l’intensité carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport à l’année de référence 2010.","{'text': 'une baisse de l’intensité carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport à celle de l’année de référence 2010', 'answer_start': 13}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
205,URY,Uruguay,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Si bien Uruguay aporta un porcentaje muy bajo al total de emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero, los esfuerzos por promover un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de carbono han estado siempre presentes en la política e instrumentos de cambio climático del país y ésta no es una excepción. Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de París, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos últimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producción de alimentos.","{'text': 'Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de París, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos últimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producción de alimentos.', 'answer_start': 49}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
206,URY,Uruguay,LTS,T_Economy_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de París, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos últimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producción de alimentos. Respecto a las consecuencias del cambio climático, cabe destacar la importancia para Uruguay de aumentar la capacidad de adaptación y resiliencia de su sociedad, sistemas productivos y ecosistemas, y reducir la vulnerabilidad ante eventos climáticos adversos que serán cada vez más frecuentes.","{'text': 'Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de París, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos últimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producción de alimentos.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
207,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"(iii) The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 528.4 million tonnes of CO2eq in 2020, 726.2 million tonnes of CO2eq in 2025, and 927.9 million tonnes of CO2eq in 2030 (compared with 474.1 million tonnes of CO2eq and 787.4 million tonnes of CO2eq in 2020 and 2030, respectively, in the current NDC). (iv) Specific mitigation measures have been identified for the energy, agriculture, LULUCF, waste, and IP sectors. (v) Viet Nam will have reduced its GHG emissions by 9% compared to the BAU scenario by 2030 with its own domestic resources. This contribution can be raised up to 27% with international support through bilateral as well as multilateral cooperation and the implementation of new mechanisms under the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Viet Nam will have reduced its GHG emissions by 9% compared to the BAU scenario by 2030 with its own domestic resources.', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
208,ZMB,Zambia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf,"(d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction; At least 25% (20,000 Gg CO2 eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the business as usual scenario with limited international support or By 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support. (e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s); Sources of information include; Zambia’s Biennial Update Report and Third National Communication submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat in 2020. (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The value of the reference indicator has been updated due to the fact that GHG emissions have been recalculated as a result of change of methodologies.","{'text': 'At least 25% (20,000 Gg CO2 eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the business as usual scenario with limited international support', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
209,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Sectoral BAU baselines for each of the key mitigation sectors have been computed. c. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Economy wide emissions reduction of 24.7% in 2030 below the BAU conditions. Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions.","{'text': 'Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
210,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions. d. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Instead of responding to Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, Uganda has responded to Article 4, paragraph 19 thereby developing the country’s first Long Term Climate Strategy (LTS) which highlights pathways to a resilient, inclusive and low carbon economy by the year 2050. e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The key data sources used for baseline projection are: • Uganda’s 2015 GHG inventory report • East African Commission (2015).","{'text': 'Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
211,LKA,Sri Lanka,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf,"Mitigation Strategies Sri Lanka being a developing country, anticipates achieving the development objectives while moving in a low carbon development pathway. Mainly five sectors have been identified under mitigation for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These are sectors of energy (electricity generation), transport, industry, forests and waste. Possible emission reduction actions have been identified in each sector, which are to be implemented during the period of 2020 to 2030. NDCs for Mitigation intends to reduce the GHG emissions against BAU scenario by 20% in the energy sector (4% unconditionally and 16% conditionally) and by 10% in other sectors (transport, industry, forests and waste) by 3% unconditionally and 7% conditionally by 2030. 5.1. Energy Sector-Electricity generation Sri Lanka has realized almost 100% electrification through the national grid.","{'text': 'NDCs for Mitigation intends to reduce the GHG emissions against BAU scenario by 20% in the energy sector (4% unconditionally and 16% conditionally)', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
212,SRB,Serbia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/NDC%20Final_Serbia%20english.pdf,"In order to make comparisons with the first and the second NDC and changes in the greenhouse gases (hereinafter: GHG), the GHG emission is expressed compared to 1990. Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 – 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators.","{'text': 'economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 134}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
213,SRB,Serbia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/NDC%20Final_Serbia%20english.pdf,"Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 – 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The National GHG emissions in the base year and the reference year may be updated and recalculated due to the methodological changes and more precise calculations.","{'text': 'economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
214,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UpdateNDC-EN-2022.pdf,"The country has also announced its intention to achieve net- zero emissions by 2050.www.moccae.gov.ae A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition Information to facilitate clarity, transparency, and understanding: In line with Article 4, Paragraph 8 of the Paris Agreement and Decision 4/CMA.1, the UAE submits the following ICTU. Information necessary to facilitate clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) guidance Quantified information on the reference point Reduction of 31% in GHG emissions, measured in CO2eq, relative to BAU in 2030. BAU scenario emissions in 2030 are projected to be about 301.2 million tons, assuming a moderate annual linear sector specific growth rate in line with projected economic growth, national circumstance and historical trends. The BAU scenario includes all mitigation measures implemented prior to and during 2016.","{'text': 'Reduction of 31% in GHG emissions, measured in CO2eq, relative to BAU in 2030.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
215,TLS,Timor-Leste,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Timor_Leste%20Updated%20NDC%202022_2030.pdf,"Whether it is a single-year or multi-year target, as applicable. w Multi-Year Target (2022-2030) w The NDC is based on a range of steps and milestones that will be achieved at different points over the 2022-2030 timeframe. w Additional detail on activities and outcomes will be added where and when possible. w Relevant enhancements to the data and basis of this NDC will be submitted at relevant intervals.Nationally Determined Contribution Timor-Leste 2022-2030 3. Scope and Coverage a. General description of the target; Timor-Leste is a Least Developed Country that is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change while also reliant on revenue from its oil and gas resources. Timor-Leste’s NDC is an economy-wide commitment to establishing a ‘nature-positive’ resilient development pathway.","{'text': 'Timor-Leste’s NDC is an economy-wide commitment to establishing a ‘nature-positive’ resilient development pathway.', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
216,TLS,Timor-Leste,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Timor_Leste%20Updated%20NDC%202022_2030.pdf,"Timor-Leste’s NDC is an economy-wide commitment to establishing a ‘nature-positive’ resilient development pathway. The term ‘nature-positive’ refers to the emphasis of this NDC on the use of nature-based solutions to help build national resilience, increase the carbon sequestration potential of national carbon sinks and reservoirs, protect national development gains, and grow the non-oil economy through the positive growth of sustainable agriculture and green tourism. The geographical coverage of this NDC is applied to all areas within Timor-Leste’s geopolitical boundaries (and is inclusive of the Special Administrative Region of Oé-Cusse Ambeno (RAEOA)) Mitigation and adaptation activities in Timor-Leste are highly interlinked and often indistinct.","{'text': 'Timor-Leste’s NDC is an economy-wide commitment to establishing a ‘nature-positive’ resilient development pathway.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
217,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Teniendo en cuenta que la ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al año 2010. La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducción total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al año 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La próxima actualización será en el año 2027.","{'text': 'La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducción total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al año 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La próxima actualización será en el año 2027.', 'answer_start': 39}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
218,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"Contribution level Therefore, the country is committed to stabilize its emissions by reducing GHG emissions up to 50% below BAU emission levels by 2030 through unconditional and conditional actions targeting the following sectors: Power generation from renewable sources; and Reforestation. Unconditional Reduction The level of reduction planned unconditionally is expected to be up to 35% by 2030 as compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, taking 2005 as the reference year. Conditional Reduction In a conditional mitigation scenario Angola plans to reduce further its emissions. Therefore, the mitigation options identified in this scenario are expected to reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030.","{'text': 'Up to 35% by 2030 as compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
219,BRA,Brazil,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/BRAZIL%20iNDC%20english%20FINAL.pdf,"Brazil’s iNDC has a broad scope including mitigation, adaptation and means of implementation, consistent with the contributions’ purpose to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention, pursuant to decision 1/CP.20, paragraph 9 (Lima Call for Climate Action). MITIGATION: Contribution: Brazil intends to commit to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% below 2005 levels in 2025.Subsequent indicative contribution: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43% below 2005 levels in 2030. Type: absolute target in relation to a base year. Coverage: 100% of the territory, economy-wide, including CO2, CH4, N2O, perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and SF6. Reference point: 2005. Timeframe: single-year target for 2025; indicative values for 2030 for reference purposes only. Metric: 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP-100), using IPCC AR5 values.","{'text': '43% below 2005 levels in 2030', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
220,CAN,Canada,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20-%20Canada%20-%20English.pdf,"Despite these challenges, Canada has one of the cleanest electricity systems among G-7 and G-20 nations and one of the cleanest in the world, with almost 80% of our electricity supply already emitting no greenhouse gases. Since 2011, Canada’s per capita greenhouse gas emissions have been at their lowest levels since tracking began in 1990 while the economy has continued to grow. Although Canada represents only 1.6% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, Canada remains committed to doing our part to address climate change. As part of our contribution to a new global climate change agreement, Canada intends to achieve an economy-wide target to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. This target is ambitious but achievable.","{'text': '30% below 2005 levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 110}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
221,CAN,Canada,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20-%20Canada%20-%20English.pdf,"With this contribution Canada is affirming our continued commitment to developing an internationalclimate change agreement that is fair, effective and includes meaningful and transparent commitments from all major emitters. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Canada intends to achieve an economy-wide target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. Clarifying Information Base year 2005 End year 2030 Type Absolute reduction from base-year emissions Coverage Economy wide – 100% of Canadian GHG inventory Gases covered o carbon dioxide (CO2 ) o methane (CH4 ) o nitrous oxide (N2 O) o sulphur hexafluoride (SF6 ) o perfluorocarbons (PFCs) o hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) o nitrogen trifluoride (NF3 ) Sectors All IPCC sectors Implementation The Government of Canada has in place legislative instruments to address climate change. The federal government’s primary statute is the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, which includes authorities to regulate GHG emissions.","{'text': '30% below 2005 levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
222,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"GHG Mitigation Component 2.1 Contribution to GHG Emissions Mitigation Type of contribution GHG emission reduction compared to the Business-As-Usual scenario (BAU) BAU scenario approach was adopted, given that DPR Korea has no obligation to reduce its emission regarding a base year under Coverage - Sectors covered: all 2006 IPCC sectors Energy Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Waste - Geographical coverage: 100 percent geographical coverage - Percentage of national emissions covered, as reflected in the most recent national GHG inventory: 100% Greenhouse gases Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulfur hexafluoride Methodologies and tools to estimate GHG emissions and data - 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Inventory Software - Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) - Greenhouse gas Abatement Cost Model (GACMO) - Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) - IPCC SAR GWP values (Carbon Dioxide; 1, Methane; 21, Nitrous Oxide; 310) Planning process The INDC has been prepared by a participatory and transparent process through stakeholder consultations, taking into consideration the national socio-economic development plans, including the five-year strategy for national economic development Business-As- Usual scenario (BAU) DPR Korea’s BAU scenario for GHG emissions was developed based on the assumption of economic growth in the absence of climate change policies. - GHG emission projections for 2020: 116.36 million tCO2 e - GHG emission projections for 2030: 187.73 million tCO2 e The BAU scenario projection will be revised to include more accurate information with preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Update.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 5 Unconditional contribution Based the on national circumstances, common but differentiated responsibility and its capability, DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.","{'text': 'DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.', 'answer_start': 276}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
223,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"- GHG emission projections for 2020: 116.36 million tCO2 e - GHG emission projections for 2030: 187.73 million tCO2 e The BAU scenario projection will be revised to include more accurate information with preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Update.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 5 Unconditional contribution Based the on national circumstances, common but differentiated responsibility and its capability, DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources. Conditional contribution DPR Korea could achieve the additional contribution equivalent to 32.25% of the GHG emission in the BAU scenario by 2030 if international support is received through international cooperation including the financial support under the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
224,ERI,Eritrea,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,"T_TRA, T_BAU",,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NRC%20Eritrea.pdf,"The positive abatement revenues indicate the potential priority projects with short term returns while; the negative abatement revenues have long term returns yet projects have substantial CO2 eq emission reduction. Trajectory Objective Towards 2030 The government of Eritrea is committed to reduce the CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 4.2% in 2020, 6.2% by 2025 and 12.0% by 2030 compared to the projected BAU of the reference year of 2010. If additional support is availed, it can further be reduced by 12.6% in 2020, 24.9% by 2025 and 38.5 by the year 2030. Table 2. Reduction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions Scenario (%) Year The business as usual (BAU) scenario, for all GHG gases, is expected to increase to 4.1 MtCO2 eq.","{'text': 'The government of Eritrea is committed to reduce the CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 4.2% in 2020, 6.2% by 2025 and 12.0% by 2030 compared to the projected BAU of the reference year of 2010', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
225,GEO,Georgia,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf,"Georgia’s INDC is largely based on currently available results achieved during the LEDS preparation process. The final LEDS and the mitigation actions specified therein will become key instrument in achieving Georgia’s GHG emission reduction target.Intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) of Georgia The Lima Conference invited all Parties “to communicate their intended nationally determined contributions well in advance of the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties in a manner that facilitates the clarity, transparency and understanding of the intended nationally determined contributions.” Georgia plans to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030. This is equal to reduction in emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 34% from 2013 to 2030.","{'text': '15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
226,GEO,Georgia,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf,"In line with the Lima Call for Climate Action, in particular its paragraph 13, the following quantifiable information is hereby submitted: Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Georgia Party Georgia Type Deviation from baseline, business as usual scenario Coverage All sectors excluding LULUCF Sectors Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Information on GHG emissions reduction targets for the forestry sector of Georgia is given in Annex 1. Scope All greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Base Year 2013 Reduction level Georgia plans to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030.","{'text': '15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
227,GEO,Georgia,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf,"Scope All greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Base Year 2013 Reduction level Georgia plans to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030. This is equal to reduction in emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 34% from 2013 to 2030. The 15% reduction target will be increased up to 25% in a conditional manner, subject to a global agreement addressing the importance of technical cooperation, access to low-cost financial resources and technology transfer. This is equal to reduction of emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 43% from 2013 to 2030.","{'text': '15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
228,ISL,Iceland,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC-ICELAND.pdf,"Submission by Iceland to the ADP Iceland’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Introduction Iceland is committed to the UNFCCC negotiation process towards adopting a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention, applicable to all Parties, in line with the objective of keeping global warming below 2°C. Iceland‘s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Iceland aims to be part of a collective delivery by European countries to reach a target of 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. A precise commitment for Iceland within such collective delivery has yet to be determined, and is dependent on an agreement with the European Union and its Member States and possibly other countries.","{'text': '40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
229,FSM,Micronesia (Federated States of),1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Micronesia%20%28Federated%20State%20of%29%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Federated States of Micronesia Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Type of INDC The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) commits to reduce GHGs emission in percentage terms on a base year target. The INDC Unconditional The FSM commits to unconditionally reduce by 2025 a 28% its GHGs emissions below emissions in year 2000. Conditional Similarly, subject to the availability of additional financial, technical and capacity building support from the international community, the FSM could do by 2025 an additional reduction up to 35% below emissions in the 2000 base year. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Type Sectoral targets Reference year or period • Total GHG emissions for year 2000 in FSM were 150,000 tCO2e.","{'text': 'Commits to unconditionally reduce by 2025 a 28% its GHGs emissions below emissions in year 2000', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
230,NZL,New Zealand,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/New%20Zealand%20first%20NDC%20%28Archived%29.pdf,NEW ZEALAND Submission under the Paris Agreement New Zealand’s Nationally Determined Contribution New Zealand hereby communicates its nationally determined contribution under the Paris Agreement. New Zealand commits to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030.Time period 2021 to 2030 Type of commitment Absolute reduction target managed using a carbon budget. Target reference year 2005 Reduction level Emissions will be reduced to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030.,"{'text': '30% below 2005 levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
231,NZL,New Zealand,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/New%20Zealand%20first%20NDC%20%28Archived%29.pdf,"Target reference year 2005 Reduction level Emissions will be reduced to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. Scope and coverage This responsibility target is economy-wide covering all sectors: Energy Industrial processes and product use Agriculture Forestry and other land use Waste and all greenhouse gases: HFCs N2 O PFCs NF3 Methodological approaches for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals This NDC applies 100 year Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) from the IPCC 4th assessment report, and methodologies from the IPCC 2006 greenhouse gas inventory guidelines and the 2013 IPCC KP Supplement.","{'text': '30% below 2005 levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
232,SMR,San Marino,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/SAN%20MARINO%20INDC%20EN.pdf,"San Marino hereby communicates its intended nationally determined contribution and the accompanying information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding, with reference to decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) The Republic of San Marino, on the basis of the decision of the Government held on 28 September 2015, commits to reduce GHG emissions to 20% below 2005 levels by 2030. In line with the Lima Call for Climate Action, in particular paragraph 14, the Republic of San Marino shall submit the following information for its INDC. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year): Base year: 2005 Emissions in base year: 0,213 Mt per year (provisional, will be defined through the next inventory submissions).","{'text': '20% below 2005 levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
233,SAU,Saudi Arabia,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/KSA-INDCs%20English.pdf,"The Kingdom will engage in actions and plans in pursuit of economic diversification that have co-benefits in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission avoidances and adaptation to the impacts of climate change, as well as reducing the impacts of response measures. This will help the Kingdom to achieve its sustainable development objectives. In this spirit, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia desires to actively contribute to the UNFCCC negotiations maximizing long term benefits and minimizing potential negative side effects for Saudi Arabia. Executive Summary The actions and plans outlined in this submission seek to achieve mitigation co-benefits ambitions of up to 130 million tons of CO2eq avoided by 2030 annually through contributions to economic diversification and adaptation.","{'text': '130 million tons of CO2eq avoided by 2030', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
234,SAU,Saudi Arabia,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_FL,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/KSA-INDCs%20English.pdf,Executive Summary The actions and plans outlined in this submission seek to achieve mitigation co-benefits ambitions of up to 130 million tons of CO2eq avoided by 2030 annually through contributions to economic diversification and adaptation. These ambitions are contingent on the Kingdom’s economy continuing to grow with an increasingly diversified economy and a robust contribution from oil export revenues to the national economy. It is also premised on the fact that the economic and social consequences of international climate change policies and measures do not pose disproportionate or abnormal burden on the Kingdom’s economy. This is fully consistent with Article 3 paragraph 2 and Article 4 paragraph 8(h) and 10 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.,"{'text': '130 million tons of CO2eq avoided by 2030', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
235,TUV,Tuvalu,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TUVALU%20INDC.pdf,"Government of Tuvalu Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Communicated to the UNFCCC on 27 November 2015 Introduction In accordance with the relevant paragraphs of Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, Tuvalu hereby communicates its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) towards meeting the ultimate goal of the UNFCCC, and provides up-­‐front information in tabular format to facilitate the clarity, transparency and understanding of the INDC. Additional accompanying information, relating to mitigation actions and support for implementation, is provided. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) Tuvalu commits to reduction of emissions of green-­‐house gases from the electricity generation (power) sector, by 100%, ie almost zero emissions by 2025. Tuvalu’s indicative quantified economy-­‐wide target for a reduction in total emissions of GHGs from the entire energy sector to 60% below 2010 levels by 2025.","{'text': 'A reduction in total emissions of GHGs from the entire energy sector to 60% below 2010 levels by 2025.', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
236,TUV,Tuvalu,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TUVALU%20INDC.pdf,"Tuvalu’s indicative quantified economy-­‐wide target for a reduction in total emissions of GHGs from the entire energy sector to 60% below 2010 levels by 2025. These emissions will be further reduced from the other key sectors, agriculture and waste, conditional upon the necessary technology and finance.These targets go beyond the targets enunciated in Tuvalu’s National Energy Policy (NEP) and the Majuro Declaration on Climate Leadership (2013). Currently, 50% of electricity is derived from renewables, mainly solar, and this figure will rise to 75% by 2020 and 100% by 2025. This would mean almost zero use of fossil fuel for power generation. This is also in line with our ambition to keep the warming to less than 1.5⁰C, if there is a chance to save atoll nations like Tuvalu.","{'text': 'A reduction in total emissions of GHGs from the entire energy sector to 60% below 2010 levels by 2025.', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
237,VNM,Viet Nam,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/VIETNAM%27S%20INDC.pdf,"The BAU starts from 2010 (the latest year of the national GHG inventory) and includes the energy, agriculture, waste and LULUCF sectors. GHG emissions in 2010: 246.8 million tCO2e Projections for 2020 and 2030 (not included industrial processes): Unconditional contribution With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU, in which: - Emission intensity per unit of GDP will be reduced by 20% compared to the 2010 levels; - Forest cover will increase to the level of 45%.","{'text': 'With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
238,VNM,Viet Nam,1st NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/VIETNAM%27S%20INDC.pdf,"GHG emissions in 2010: 246.8 million tCO2e Projections for 2020 and 2030 (not included industrial processes): Unconditional contribution With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU, in which: - Emission intensity per unit of GDP will be reduced by 20% compared to the 2010 levels; - Forest cover will increase to the level of 45%. Conditional contribution The above-mentioned 8% contribution could be increased to 25% if international support is received through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, as well as through the implementation of new mechanisms under the Global Climate Agreement, in which emission intensity per unit of GDP will be reduced by 30% compared to 2010 levels. 2.3.","{'text': 'With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
239,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,T_Economy_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"De forma condicionada, México puede aumentar su meta al 2030 hasta 40%, con respecto a su línea base en 2030, si se escala el financiamiento internacional, la innovación y transferencia tecnológica, y si otros países, principalmente los mayores emisores, realizan esfuerzos conmensurados a los objetivos más ambiciosos del Acuerdo de París. Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada. El escenario tendencial proyectado al 2030, sin intervención de política de mitigación se cuantificó en 991 MtCO2 e como punto de referencia para 2030.","{'text': 'Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada.', 'answer_start': 51}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide unconditional targets?
240,AND,Andorra,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Sustainable, connected and safe mobility The mobility sector accounts for 56% of GHG emissions and internal mobility is responsible for approximately 24% of the emissions produced by this sector, according to the data for 2017. For this reason it will be necessary to develop a national mobility strategy with the aim of reducing emissions and respecting the hierarchy in the prioritisation of transport systems established in the Litecc; firstly, it will be essential to prioritise public transport and promote motorised or assistedThe Long-Term Strategy on Energy and Climate Change (2020-2050) non-public mobility (walking, cycling, etc.) and, secondly, electric motorised mobility without a source of GHG emissions.","{'text': 'it will be necessary to develop a national mobility strategy with the aim of reducing emissions and respecting the hierarchy in the prioritisation of transport systems established in the Litecc', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
241,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• The participation of 16 municipalities in the 2nd “cantonal” category of the National Carbon Neutral Program (PPCN). Activities 1.3.1 To review and adjust the Regulatory Plans and other territorial management tools in order to promote low-emissions development oriented to transport. • To adjust the regulatory plans and urban development regulations to ensure that their formulation promotes a low-emission and transport-oriented development. • To identify the necessary adjustments in the approved regulatory plans of the GMA to comply with the above statement. • To articulate the urban, residential and commercial development policies with the transportation plans and land use planning. 1.3.2 To promote dense and compact city models. • To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train.","{'text': 'To review and adjust the Regulatory Plans and other territorial management tools in order to promote low-emissions development oriented to transport.', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
242,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To raise awareness about real-time information of an air quality monitoring system to warn the population about high contamination situations. (Quick Win): 1.3.1 To review and adjust the Regulatory Plans and other territorial management tools in order to promote low-emissions development oriented to transport. o To adjust the regulatory plans and urban development regulations to ensure that their formulation promotes a low-emission and transport-oriented development. o To identify the necessary adjustments in the approved regulatory plans of the GMA to comply with the above statement. MOPT MINAE MEIC MICITT Business incubators MOPT CTP MINAE Presidency Municipalities INVU MIVAH IFAM MINAE transport technologies ""that create barriers to decarbonisation of the transport system in the medium and long- term. More modelling exercises must be realized for informed decision-making A. Comprehensive reform for the new institutionality of the Bicentennial: - Efficient organization of the transport sector and territorial planning with an integrated governance system.","{'text': 'To review and adjust the Regulatory Plans and other territorial management tools in order to promote low-emissions development oriented to transport.', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
243,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Ces données confirment qu’aussi bien dans une perspective de mobilité fluide que de mobilité décarbonisée, la planification de la mobilité doit prioritairement poursuivre l’objectif d’augmenter les parts modales de la mobilité active et des transports en commun au détriment de la part modale de la voiture, tout en améliorant la multimodalité150 du réseau de mobilité. Sur base de la stratégie pour une mobilité durable Modu 2.0151, un plan national de mobilité pour 2035 est en cours d’élaboration et visera à mettre en place les mesures et les infrastructures requises pour une mobilité durable dans toutes les régions du pays, en prenant en compte la mobilité transfrontalière. Ce plan sera actualisé à un rythme quinquennal.","{'text': 'Sur base de la stratégie pour une mobilité durable Modu 2.0151, un plan national de mobilité pour 2035 est en cours d’élaboration et visera à mettre en place les mesures et les infrastructures requises pour une mobilité durable dans toutes les régions du pays, en prenant en compte la mobilité transfrontalière. Ce plan sera actualisé à un rythme quinquennal.', 'answer_start': 55}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
244,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Stimuler l’économie circulaire, la réduction et la valorisation des déchets ; 5. Développer l’agriculture et les écosystèmes forestiers durables et résilients et les puits de carbone ; Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalité et l’investissement massif dans le développement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport ; et Promouvoir une nouvelle génération de villes sobres et « intelligentes », y compris par l’intégration systémique des technologies de la transition numérique dans tous les secteurs socio-économiques.","{'text': 'Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalité et l’investissement massif dans le développement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport', 'answer_start': 27}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
245,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Développer l’agriculture et les écosystèmes forestiers durables et résilients et les puits de carbone ; Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalité et l’investissement massif dans le développement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport ; et Promouvoir une nouvelle génération de villes sobres et « intelligentes », y compris par l’intégration systémique des technologies de la transition numérique dans tous les secteurs socio-économiques. Pour cela, il sera essentiel de s’appuyer sur les feuilles de route sectorielles existantes, et les améliorer et de suivre une approche systémique à partir de différents « nexus » cruciaux dans la gestion de l’enjeu climatique au Maroc : aménagement du territoire, eau, biodiversité, mobilité, industrie, agriculture, énergie, digitalisation, etc.","{'text': 'Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalité et l’investissement massif dans le développement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport', 'answer_start': 15}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
246,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector. Consider introducing a reduction target for the whole transport sector (whether for 2030 or later) as part of updating this Strategy.2.5.4.1 Current Trends in Reducing Emissions in Agriculture Human activities in the agricultural sector contribute significantly to changes in the concentration of some gases in the atmosphere, namely N2O and CH4 are considered to be the most important gases emitted from agriculture in terms of mitigation and adaptation measures planned to reduce their environmental impact. The largest share of methane emissions is from the category of Enteric Fermentation, which produced 34.42 Gg (76.3%) of methane in the sector in 2016.","{'text': 'Consider introducing a reduction target for the whole transport sector (whether for 2030 or later) as part of updating this Strategy.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
247,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles', 'answer_start': 486}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
248,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles', 'answer_start': 425}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
249,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"These measures may cover greater accessibility through public transport, urban planning to encourage more cycling and walking, lower vehicle speeds, and parking regulations and pricing. Financing has been in place for urban environment agreements since 2015 and from 2018 onwards has been part of the economic framework for developing the transport system, amounting to SEK 1 billion a year in 2018– 2029. Long-term infrastructure planning In May 2018, the Government decided on a new national plan for transport infrastructure in the period 2018–2029 across all modes of transport. The Swedish Transport Administration is responsible for long-term planning for all modes of transport and is responsible for implementing the plan. Planning is conducted in dialogue with municipalities and regions, among others. Electric roads Electric roads are infrastructure for dynamic charging, i.e.","{'text': 'Long-term infrastructure planning In May 2018, the Government decided on a new national plan for transport infrastructure in the period 2018–2029 across all modes of transport. The Swedish Transport Administration is responsible for long-term planning for all modes of transport and is responsible for implementing the plan. Planning is conducted in dialogue with municipalities and regions, among others.', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
250,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le troisième programme consiste à boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d’assurer la production et l’utilisation durable de bois de chauffe à travers les foyers améliorés. D. Transport : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des déchets : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation.","{'text': 'développant des plans directeurs de transport', 'answer_start': 64}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
251,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"Hasta el año 2010 se han construido 1,512 biodigestores, de los cuales entre 300 y 400 aproximadamente, se encuentran en funcionamiento. Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.","{'text': 'Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.', 'answer_start': 21}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
252,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"In the north it can be protected by a green sea defences system consisting of sufficient clay dams or retaining walls, combined with wetlands. In the south, the Saramacca Canal is inNATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME 2020-2030 serious need for upgrading, and actions for the first step of upgrading are being taken However, the total investment in upgrading the drainage system and flood protection is estimated to reach up to more than USD 500 million. The investments can be made jointly by the Government of Suriname and development partners. 2. An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011).","{'text': 'An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011).', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
253,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3.","{'text': 'An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011).', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
254,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"To strengthen capacity, Suriname will scope and implement a national research, development and innovation program, and strengthen agricultural research. One priority area of research is to identify, trial and introduce more permanent agricultural systems to replace traditional shifting cultivation methods. Transport: An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Suriname commits to introduce by 2027 vehicle emissions controls and tighten import to vehicles less than five years old, in order to reduce emissions under this NDC.","{'text': 'An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011).', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
255,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following áreas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems. This is to be accomplished by strengthening regional and national interconnectivity through the generation of multimodal efficient networks supported by the Federal Government.Greater interconnectivity will take place in a context of urban development and transportation policy that reduces travel times and distances. M3.4 To develop transport regulatory entities with understanding of national and regional demand. The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances.","{'text': 'To develop transport regulatory entities with understanding of national and regional demand. The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances', 'answer_start': 109}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
256,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,A_Natmobplan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"Further to this, indoor airpollution will be reduced and quality of life improved. Revenues will also increase as a result of 13 Compact fluorescent lightsRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 17 of 24 continued population growth and urbanisation , this consumption will exceed 2030 under the business as usual scenario. installation of 35 biogas digesters institutional biogas digesters annually, and increasing average charcoal yields up to 50% by 2030. In addition, Rwanda will enhance the use of LPG14 through tax reductions on importations. energy savings. Transport Programme of action Actions Description and targets Adaptation benefits Baseline scenario Mitigation scenario resilient transport system 4.1 Bus Promotion of public transport, improvement of transport infrastructure, setting vehicles’ emission standards and regulations and integrated national transportation planning The Rwandan transport sector is experiencing a rapid growth of vihicles population and an increase in light duty vehicles equipped with way catalytic converters. It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU.","{'text': 'integrated national transportation planning', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
257,AND,Andorra,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Sustainable, connected and safe mobility The mobility sector accounts for 56% of GHG emissions and internal mobility is responsible for approximately 24% of the emissions produced by this sector, according to the data for 2017. For this reason it will be necessary to develop a national mobility strategy with the aim of reducing emissions and respecting the hierarchy in the prioritisation of transport systems established in the Litecc; firstly, it will be essential to prioritise public transport and promote motorised or assistedThe Long-Term Strategy on Energy and Climate Change (2020-2050) non-public mobility (walking, cycling, etc.) and, secondly, electric motorised mobility without a source of GHG emissions.","{'text': 'it will be essential to prioritise public transport', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
258,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"#mission2030 recognises the importance of mobility as a basic human need and stands for an open economy. To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport.","{'text': 'increased use of public transport', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
259,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport. This will provide additional value for the affected citizens and for companies because the new forms of mobility are environmentally friendlier and healthier.","{'text': 'increased use of public transport', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
260,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
261,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
262,BEL,Belgium,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"En outre, chacune des stratégies régionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fixées, avec des avantages supplémentaires en termes de qualité de l air, de mobilité et d occupation de l espace public. En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque région vise à limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la répartition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et vélo), les véhicules électriques légers (vélos électriques, speedelecs, trottinettes électriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partagés (transports en commun et véhicules partagés). À cette fin, elles mettent l’accent sur une offre de qualité de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures adéquates et la promotion de la mobilité combinée9.","{'text': 'En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque région vise à limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la répartition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et vélo), les véhicules électriques légers (vélos électriques, speedelecs, trottinettes électriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partagés (transports en commun et véhicules partagés).', 'answer_start': 41}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
263,CHL,Chile,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 2.1: Al 2030, haber incluido normativamente el concepto de movili- dad sostenible en la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica de los IPT y PROT, desarrollados a partir del año 2025, mediante estudios específicos de movi- lidad que apoyen la elaboración de la EAE y que complemente los actuales Estudios de Capacidad Vial. Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.","{'text': 'Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.', 'answer_start': 56}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
264,CHL,Chile,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares. [Es- trategia 2: Cambiar] Meta 3.1: Al 2025, haber desarrollado en conjunto con MINVU, en las prin- cipales ciudades del país (sobre 50 mil habitantes) los Planes Maestros de Infraestructura Ciclo-inclusiva y con el MOP redes interurbanas que per- mitan conectar estas ciudades con las localidades cercanas y otras ciudades que pertenecen a su área de influencia funcional.","{'text': 'Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.', 'answer_start': 2}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
265,COL,Colombia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Por otro lado, los combustibles fósiles son una pieza fundamental del rompecabezas, no solo por su papel en el sistema energético doméstico, sino también por su importancia económica actual y proyectada. En este caso, el futuro de la indu- stria de los combustibles fósiles puede depender, en gran medida, de las demandas y precios del mercado internacional y de la disponibilidad y costo de las tecnologías CCS que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo. Se estimó que el trans- porte por carretera crecerá 2.2 veces entre 2015 y 2050, mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deberán proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte público que crecen para atender más del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050.","{'text': 'mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deberán proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte público que crecen para atender más del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050', 'answer_start': 88}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
266,COL,Colombia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Se estimó que el trans- porte por carretera crecerá 2.2 veces entre 2015 y 2050, mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deberán proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte público que crecen para atender más del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050. Además, para 2050 el 64 % de los sistemas de transporte público necesitarán ser alimentados por electrici- dad, mientras que el resto de la energía será una mezcla de gas natural, líquidos fósiles y biocom- bustibles (Universidad de los Andes et al., 2021). La E2050 ha estimado que el camino hacia la carbono neutralidad se configura en la siguiente composición de la matriz energética entre 2020 y 2050 (figura 21).","{'text': 'mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deberán proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte público que crecen para atender más del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050', 'answer_start': 15}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
267,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"La contribución de Costa Rica en transporte representa una profunda transformación de un sistema centrado en vehículos particulares a uno centrado en el bienestar de las personas. En el área temática de transporte, Costa Rica ofrece las siguientes contribuciones:Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN 1.1. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC entrará en operación el Tren Eléctrico de Pasajeros en el Gran Área Metropolitana, impulsado por energía eléctrica renovable. 1.2. En el 2021 se renovarán las concesiones de autobuses públicos con criterios de descarbonización, incluyendo la sectorización, el pago electrónico y la integración multimodal de medios de transporte público y activo. 1.3. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren Eléctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estará en operación para el año 2022. 1.4.","{'text': 'En el 2021 se renovarán las concesiones de autobuses públicos con criterios de descarbonización, incluyendo la sectorización, el pago electrónico y la integración multimodal de medios de transporte público y activo.', 'answer_start': 71}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
268,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions. • In 2050, Compact Cities will have been consolidated in the main urban areas of the GMA and main secondary cities of the country, with an increase of 10% of non-motorized journeys Activities to foster change: 1. To modernize public transport and to create an integrated and intermodal system Period goals • 8 main trunk lines in operation. • At least one public transport mode operates with a system of integrated electronic payment. • Electric Passenger Train tendered. Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA.","{'text': 'To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
269,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA. • To reorganize public transport routes; set trunk lines into operation in exclusive lanes. • To modernize the concession scheme for 2021, which will reward efficient and decarbonized service provision. • To develop a profitable and innovative financial model that promotes efficiency and transparency in the service operation. 1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. • To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles).","{'text': 'To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
270,DNK,Denmark,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses.', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
271,FJI,Fiji,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"The latter could provide alternatives to scrapping trucks. This will need to be defined prior to 2030 in order for Fiji to achieve zero emissions by 2050 due to the long commercial lifespan of trucks.90 Additional policy measures Fiji would need to consider to achieve these low emission scenarios include: Mode Shift. New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT. From the socio-economic perspective, increased use of PT is seen as economically profitable due to time savings and vehicle operating cost savings.","{'text': 'New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT.', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
272,FJI,Fiji,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Such funds can be drawn from the national budget, but also international cooperation e.g., from the UN system or bilateral donors (this has been the case in various countries). PT and NMT. Fiji will consider ways that PT systems can recover investments with user charges and by collecting part of the windfall profit from increased land prices around core routes through taxation e.g., through parking fees and property taxes. Public subsidies, of course, can also support PT financing schemes. Fiji will also aim to develop integrated low carbon mobility plans that include PT, last mile connectivity, and NMT to attract international climate financing.","{'text': 'Fiji will consider ways that PT systems can recover investments with user charges and by collecting part of the windfall profit from increased land prices around core routes through taxation e.g., through parking fees and property taxes.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
273,FRA,France,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads. Support the development of public transport: for daily journeys, increase the range of public transport options in the urban, interurban and rail transport networks (transilien, TER, RER); for long-distance rail options the emphasis should be put on improving network performance, particularly with a view to encouraging a modal shift from air to rail. As a reminder, the baseline scenario aims to increase the modal share of public transport by 7 points between 2015 and 2050.","{'text': 'Support the development of public transport: for daily journeys, increase the range of public transport options in the urban, interurban and rail transport networks (transilien, TER, RER); for long-distance rail options the emphasis should be put on improving network performance, particularly with a view to encouraging a modal shift from air to rail. As a reminder, the baseline scenario aims to increase the modal share of public transport by 7 points between 2015 and 2050.', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
274,ISL,Iceland,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.","{'text': 'Encouraging public transport', 'answer_start': 234}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
275,ISL,Iceland,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping. | In progress: Work is well underway to implement the measure and many aspects are well under way.","{'text': 'Encouraging public transport', 'answer_start': 155}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
276,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.","{'text': 'it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
277,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection. In this context, the Government will promote incorporating the consideration of environmental load reduction into regional public transportation plans based on the revised Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020). In cooperation with urban development, it is necessary to promote the use of transportation systems with low CO2 emissions, such as LRT (Light Rail Transit23), BRT (Bus Rail Transit24), EV and FCV.","{'text': 'it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
278,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.","{'text': 'A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
279,NPL,Nepal,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"Refer to Table 2 for the strategy in the energy sector. Table 2: Strategy for the energy sector Overall sectoral strategies Sectors Strategic action Milestones WEM WAM Enhance and maximize Power generation from renewable energy Power generation Development of hydropower plants Development and integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power systems Scale-up of distributed energy resources (mini- grid, off-grid isolated wind, solar, micro- hydro, and biogas) Development of policy on regional power sector integration, VRE integration, and grid flexibility Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 34 GW – Hydropower 2.1 GW – grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off-grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 50 GW – Hydropower 2.1 GW – grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off- grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Promote electrification and shift to clean technologies in the residential transportation, industrial and commercial sectors: Enhancement of clean fuel access Efficiency improvement Modal shift and e- mobility in transport Adoption of New technology in decarbonization Residential Electrification in all end-use services in urban areas Promotion of clean cooking technologies with high efficiency and low emissions in rural areas Electrification in cooking, space heating, water heating, and lighting in rural areas e emissions reduction in e reduction in per cent and 47 per cent reduction in respectively from the e emissions reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenarioOFFICIAL Promotion of efficient technologies in all end-use services REF scenario Industry Expansion of efficient and clean production technologies Electrification in process heat, boilers, and in motive power in all industries Replacement of traditional brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm machinery and water pumping Promotion of Solar PV pumping e emissions reduction in e reduction in 29 per cent and 38 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario IPPU: Nepal s emissions from industrial products and processing units are currently low.","{'text': 'Promotion of electric mass passenger transport', 'answer_start': 380}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
280,NPL,Nepal,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"Table 2: Strategy for the energy sector Overall sectoral strategies Sectors Strategic action Milestones WEM WAM Enhance and maximize Power generation from renewable energy Power generation Development of hydropower plants Development and integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power systems Scale-up of distributed energy resources (mini- grid, off-grid isolated wind, solar, micro- hydro, and biogas) Development of policy on regional power sector integration, VRE integration, and grid flexibility Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 34 GW – Hydropower 2.1 GW – grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off-grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 50 GW – Hydropower 2.1 GW – grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off- grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Promote electrification and shift to clean technologies in the residential transportation, industrial and commercial sectors: Enhancement of clean fuel access Efficiency improvement Modal shift and e- mobility in transport Adoption of New technology in decarbonization Residential Electrification in all end-use services in urban areas Promotion of clean cooking technologies with high efficiency and low emissions in rural areas Electrification in cooking, space heating, water heating, and lighting in rural areas e emissions reduction in e reduction in per cent and 47 per cent reduction in respectively from the e emissions reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenarioOFFICIAL Promotion of efficient technologies in all end-use services REF scenario Industry Expansion of efficient and clean production technologies Electrification in process heat, boilers, and in motive power in all industries Replacement of traditional brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm machinery and water pumping Promotion of Solar PV pumping e emissions reduction in e reduction in 29 per cent and 38 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario IPPU: Nepal s emissions from industrial products and processing units are currently low. However, with the growth forecast and the recommended switch to renewable energy, it will be critical for Nepal to adopt energy-efficient technologies such as zig-zag waste related to fuel and raw materials such as limestone for the cement industry.","{'text': 'Promotion of electric mass passenger transport', 'answer_start': 369}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
281,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"El consumo energético y PBI siguen tendencias históricas. 2. Escenario de la Agenda de Transición Energética (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transición Energética)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivación económica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones climáticas de ERNC, eficiencia energética y movilidad eléctrica, la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generación eléctrica del país proviene de la energía eólica y 4.8% de la energía solar.","{'text': 'la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).', 'answer_start': 52}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
282,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"Escenario de la Agenda de Transición Energética (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transición Energética)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivación económica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones climáticas de ERNC, eficiencia energética y movilidad eléctrica, la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generación eléctrica del país proviene de la energía eólica y 4.8% de la energía solar. Cabe resaltar que debido a la crisis sanitaria que vive el mundo, se parte del supuesto que estos escenarios ponen en marcha los paquetes de reactivación económica a partir de 2022 y que la demanda de energía comienza a desacoplarse del crecimiento económico en el escenario ATE producto de las políticas planteadas para el sector.","{'text': 'la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).', 'answer_start': 43}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
283,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"autonomous vehicles) and can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25 % in 2050. The most significant impact of circularity refers to the significant increase in the use of public transport, which leads to a reduction in total transport energy consumption of between 3% and 2% in 2030 and 2050, respectively. Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen.","{'text': 'Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
284,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen. FUEL Unit: PJ ENERGY INTENSITY Unit: MJ/pKmLONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 4.1.3 Industry and industrial processes The industrial sector is made up of a wide range of activities and processes, including sectors such as refining, pulp and paper production, glass, ceramics, cement and lime, iron and steel, chemicals, among others. Their emissions derive from the consumption of fossil fuels and, in some sectors, emissions from the chemical processes involved.","{'text': 'Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
285,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.","{'text': 'i) promote the use of public transportation;', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
286,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.","{'text': 'i) promote the use of public transportation;', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
287,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
288,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
289,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
290,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
291,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"The Federal Council approved the report ""Voraussetzungen für ein Schnellladenetz für Elektroautos auf Nationalstrassen"" (Requirements for a fast-charging network for electric vehicles on national highways) on 28 June 2017. The report outlines how the set-up of a fast- charging network can be driven forward. In addition to future drive systems, traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.","{'text': 'traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
292,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our streets will be cleaner and people healthier from breathing cleaner air, walking and cycling more. Our zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate will guarantee greater number of zero emission vehicles on our roads, unlocking the transformation of our road transport. Additional funding will support our automotive sector to stay at the cutting edge and capture jobs of the future. Significant new investment in vehicle grants and electric vehicle infrastructure will ensure that we see even more green vans delivering our goods and big improvements in local public chargepoint provision. We will increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking, electrifying more railway lines, investing £3 billion to transform bus services and £2 billion for cycling.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
293,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking, electrifying more railway lines, investing £3 billion to transform bus services and £2 billion for cycling. We will build on our strong maritime heritage and the success of the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition to deliver a more ambitious multi- year programme for the sector. Setting out an ambitious position on SAF will set us on a path to decarbonise this challenging sector. Accelerating the decarbonisation of transport will save lives and significantly reduce noise, making our urban centres more enjoyable places to live. Key policies: • A zero emission vehicle mandate to improve consumer choice and ensure we maximise the economic benefit from this transition by giving a clear signal to investors.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
294,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
295,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
296,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. • Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040. • Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK.","{'text': 'National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
297,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040. We will deploy new low-carbon technologies on the network such as hydrogen and battery trains, where they make operational and economic sense. We will incentivise the early take up of low carbon traction by the rail freight industry. 24. We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail. This includes new high-speed lines, reopening lines closed under the Beeching cuts and significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s. 25. We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.","{'text': 'significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
298,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040. We will deploy new low-carbon technologies on the network such as hydrogen and battery trains, where they make operational and economic sense. We will incentivise the early take up of low carbon traction by the rail freight industry. 24. We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail. This includes new high-speed lines, reopening lines closed under the Beeching cuts and significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s. 25. We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.","{'text': 'We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
299,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys. Great British Railways set out a transformation in how people will pay for their journeys, to encourage a shift to rail and cleaner, greener journeys. Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure, will be introduced to support healthier greener journeys. Great British Railways will encourage more rail freight by providing the right conditions for industry growth, with better coordination, modern contracts, and new safeguards. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyCars, vans, motorcycles, and scooters 26. We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030. From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe.","{'text': 'We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
300,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,Reducir el 84% de los desplazamientos con vehículo privado en el Valle Central y posicionar la movilidad a pue o vehículos de movilidad personal como los mayoritarios. Incrementar al máximo los usuarios del transporte público sin incrementar las emisiones de GEI a partir del 2030. Aumentar el porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 50% y del 70% de la flota de la administración pública. Reducir a la mitad las emisiones derivadas del transporte interno. Descarbonización del sector de la movilidad Edificación Seguir fomentando la rehabilitación de las viviendas para hacerlas más eficientes. Cualquier edificio de nueva construcción a partir del 1 de enero de 2020 debe ser de consumo de energía casi nulo. Incorporar un gestor energético antes de finalizar el año 2020.,"{'text': 'Incrementar al máximo los usuarios del transporte público sin incrementar las emisiones de GEI a partir del 2030.', 'answer_start': 27}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
301,ARM,Armenia,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf,"Particularly, after realizing small hydro potential, mostly after 2000, the focus is shifted to solar energy and wind. Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); • A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; • Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; • Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; • Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; • National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation, accumulation and storage in all categories of lands through comprehensive measures.","{'text': 'increased efficiency of public transport', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
302,ARM,Armenia,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf,"Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); • A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; • Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; • Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; • Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; • National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation, accumulation and storage in all categories of lands through comprehensive measures. Balance achieved will be accounted for in the NDC.","{'text': 'increased efficiency of public transport', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
303,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 193}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
304,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 174}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
305,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 174}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
306,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 301}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
307,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 263}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
308,CHN,China,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand.', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
309,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le tableau ci-dessous présente la synthèse des principaux leviers d’intervention, les émissions évitées et des coûts y associés par secteur en 2030 susceptible d’atteindre la cible de réduction visée. Secteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Energie Électrifier les zones rurales, péri- urbaines et urbaines par des sources d’énergies renouvelables Faciliter l’utilisation des foyers améliorés & améliorer les techniques de carbonisation pour la rendre plus efficace Accroitre la part des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique national Promouvoir l’utilisation des GPL et cuisinnière électrique Développer des plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie Assurer le développement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, à travers le tramway, autobus, train… Agriculture Promouvoir les pratiques agro- forestières et la rotation des cultures et cultures pérennes particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides Intégrer l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire Promouvoir l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturellesSecteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir l’exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques et assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensifier la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en savane anthropique et en forêt dégradée, y compris en zone forestière (sauf dans les zones où la disponibilité des terres ne permet guère d’éviter la destruction au moins partielle de la forêt) Vulgariser et disséminer les pratiques agricoles résilientes, et autres paquets technologiques (usage des semences climato-sensibles, gestion des sols et gestion de l’eau) Améliorer la gestion des élevages intensifs et extensifs Intensifier la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire ou primaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Promouvoir les techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelles et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts Appuyer le développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural Restaurer les zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Valoriser les outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant laSecteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appuyer les initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Renforcer la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV-FLEGT Gérer durablement l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gérer durablement et réhabiliter les exploitations minières et pétrolières 23 Lutter contre les feux de brousse 0,11 24 Cartographier et évaluer les tourbières 0,52 Déchets Renforcer le cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Mettre en place un programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Promouvoir l’utilisation des gaz de décharges Promouvoir la valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de CH4 des sites d enfouissement) 29 Promouvoir le compostage aérobie 0,21Secteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir la production d’énergie et d’engrais organiques à partir de déchets solides, eaux usées et boues fécales Les figures ci-après illustrent les projections d’émissions pour le scénario de référence BAU du secteur Agriculture, Foresterie et autres Affectations des Terres (AFAT) et Déchets.","{'text': 'Assurer le développement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, à travers le tramway, autobus, train…', 'answer_start': 98}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
310,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Secteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Energie Électrifier les zones rurales, péri- urbaines et urbaines par des sources d’énergies renouvelables Faciliter l’utilisation des foyers améliorés & améliorer les techniques de carbonisation pour la rendre plus efficace Accroitre la part des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique national Promouvoir l’utilisation des GPL et cuisinnière électrique Développer des plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie Assurer le développement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, à travers le tramway, autobus, train… Agriculture Promouvoir les pratiques agro- forestières et la rotation des cultures et cultures pérennes particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides Intégrer l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire Promouvoir l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturellesSecteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir l’exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques et assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensifier la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en savane anthropique et en forêt dégradée, y compris en zone forestière (sauf dans les zones où la disponibilité des terres ne permet guère d’éviter la destruction au moins partielle de la forêt) Vulgariser et disséminer les pratiques agricoles résilientes, et autres paquets technologiques (usage des semences climato-sensibles, gestion des sols et gestion de l’eau) Améliorer la gestion des élevages intensifs et extensifs Intensifier la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire ou primaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Promouvoir les techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelles et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts Appuyer le développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural Restaurer les zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Valoriser les outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant laSecteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appuyer les initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Renforcer la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV-FLEGT Gérer durablement l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gérer durablement et réhabiliter les exploitations minières et pétrolières 23 Lutter contre les feux de brousse 0,11 24 Cartographier et évaluer les tourbières 0,52 Déchets Renforcer le cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Mettre en place un programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Promouvoir l’utilisation des gaz de décharges Promouvoir la valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de CH4 des sites d enfouissement) 29 Promouvoir le compostage aérobie 0,21Secteur N⁰ Actions Potentiel de réduction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Coût estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir la production d’énergie et d’engrais organiques à partir de déchets solides, eaux usées et boues fécales Les figures ci-après illustrent les projections d’émissions pour le scénario de référence BAU du secteur Agriculture, Foresterie et autres Affectations des Terres (AFAT) et Déchets. L’analyse de la tendance historique des émissions de GES de la RDC montre que, durant la période de 2000-2018, les émissions nationales sont prédominées par le secteur « Foresterie et autres Affectation des Terres (FAT) » avec près de 86% des émissions, suivi de loin par les secteurs Déchet, Energie et Agriculture avec respectivement 11%, 0,86% et 0,61%.","{'text': 'Assurer le développement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, à travers le tramway, autobus, train…', 'answer_start': 69}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
311,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le troisième programme consiste à boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d’assurer la production et l’utilisation durable de bois de chauffe à travers les foyers améliorés. D. Transport : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des déchets : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation.","{'text': 'deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.', 'answer_start': 33}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
312,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le tableau 4 présente la synthèse des interventions que la RDC compte mettre en œuvre pour pouvoir atteindre la cible de réduction visé à l’horizon 2030.Tableau 4 : Synthèse des options d’atténuation des émissions des GES et coûts estimatifs associés. Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)","{'text': 'Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)', 'answer_start': 271}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
313,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines.","{'text': 'Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)', 'answer_start': 231}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
314,GTM,Guatemala,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf,"Incorporar parámetros de eficiencia energética en el Código Nacional de Construcción U-4. Eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones Opciones de mitigación para la reducción de emisiones de GEI de los Sectores: Energía, Transporte, Industria, Agricultura y Ganadería, Bosques y otros usos de la tierra y Desechos sólidos y líquidos 62 Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR TRANSPORTE Ministerio líder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Infraestructura y Vivienda (MICIVI) T-1. Expandir la infraestructura de transporte público del AMCG mediante la construcción del tren de cercanía MetroRiel T-2. Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte público extraurbano. T-2. Transporte público extraurbano. T-3. Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte público urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte público urbano T-4.","{'text': 'Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte público extraurbano', 'answer_start': 93}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
315,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Residential sector 122 201 (180)  Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing  Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses  Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater)  Introduction of high-efficient light  Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc. Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters  Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor)  Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.","{'text': 'Promotion of public transport', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
316,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc. Energy conversion sector 73 101 (104)  Expanding renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible  Utilizing nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed  Pursuit of high efficiency in thermal power generation (USC, A-USC, IGCC, etc.)","{'text': 'Promotion of public transport', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
317,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"171, 2012: Building materials programme Agriculture Maintain livestock population at appropriate levels according to the pasture carrying capacity. Mongolian national livestock programme,3b. Additional actions Mongolia is also interested to pursue some additional mitigation actions: Reduce fuel use in individual households through improving stove efficiency (with co-benefit of air pollution reduction), Transport (development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar), Agriculture (development of a comprehensive plan for emission reductions in the livestock sub-sector for implementation between 2020 and 2030), Waste sector (development of a waste management plan, including recycling, waste-to-energy, and best management practices), Industry (motor-efficiency and housekeeping improvements). Furthermore, in the forestry sector, a programme is underway to develop a detailed inventory along with the identification of mitigation options.","{'text': 'Improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
318,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Of the 55 national Road Transport Offices only 20 have multi-testing systems, of which one is a mobile system, while 8 only have exhaust emissions testing systems. Source: Road Transportation Department, MOTC Source: Road Transportation Department, MOTCBased on how markets for EVs progress, Myanmar will develop both infrastructure and policies to further support the sector under bilateral partnerships or public-private partnerships. MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged. In coordination with the Vehicle Import Steering Committee and under the guidance of the MOI, vehicle standards will also be developed to ensure the country has a recycling system in place76.","{'text': 'MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
319,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"Hasta el año 2010 se han construido 1,512 biodigestores, de los cuales entre 300 y 400 aproximadamente, se encuentran en funcionamiento. Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.","{'text': 'Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.', 'answer_start': 21}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
320,NOR,Norway,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
321,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
322,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
323,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Scrap 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030, and all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conduct statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040.Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
324,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Agriculture In addition to afforestation, increase carbon stock in plant biomass and soil organic matter through agroforestry and rangeland development, to support an annual 2% increase in green areas within the State of Palestine. Energy Implementation of State of Palestine’s Renewable Energy Strategy, which aims to generate 5% of the total electric energy consumed by utilising renewable energy technologies by the year 2020. Energy Implementation of the State of Palestine’s National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, whichaims to achieve 5% savings in overall electricity demand by 2020 (or annual energy savings of 384GWh). Energy Promote increase use of solar thermal energy including solar water heaters, solar heating, solar fruit driers Transport Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport.","{'text': 'Encourage the use of public transport', 'answer_start': 110}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
325,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Energy Promote increase use of solar thermal energy including solar water heaters, solar heating, solar fruit driers Transport Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport. Transport Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles by updating the vehicle fleet, disposing of old vehicles, and promoting and encouraging the use of efficient vehicles Transport Reduce traffic jams. Transport Use multi-modal transport patterns.","{'text': 'Encourage the use of public transport', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
326,QAT,Qatar,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Qatar%20NDC.pdf,"The DC system operations are essentially linked to the electricity and water consumption. The continuous improvements in both electricity and water management practices substantially contribute to the environmental sustainability of the receiving housing and public buildings. Lastly, Qatar has continuously strived to upgrade its sewage treatment plants to produce treated effluents suitable for purposes such as landscaping, fodder crops irrigation, district cooling, construction industry use, etc. c) Transportation The transportation sector in Qatar has been earmarked for rapid modernization. The Doha Metro and Lusail Tram are major milestones in the development of public transportation and subsequent reduction of emissions from this sector. The level 3 accreditation status for Hamad International Airport is another major initiative towards sustainability.","{'text': 'The Doha Metro and Lusail Tram are major milestones in the development of public transportation and subsequent reduction of emissions from this sector.', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
327,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.","{'text': 'Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
328,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.","{'text': 'Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
329,ZAF,South Africa,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa%20updated%20first%20NDC%20September%202021.pdf,"The shift away from coal that IRP 2019 requires, will require support in the form of transition finance, and associated technology and capacity-building. In addition, South Africa will invest in energy efficiency, a range of green transport measures including electric and hybridSouth Africa’s First NDC, 2020/21 Update 29 vehicles, mode shifting and the enhanced provision of safe and affordable public transport. All of these measures will be accompanied by just transition programmes to ensure that the costs of these measures to workers and communities are minimised and the benefits maximized. The just transition in South Africa will require international cooperation and support. In the first NDC, South Africa identified various technologies that could help us to further reduce emissions.","{'text': 'mode shifting and the enhanced provision of safe and affordable public transport.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
330,URY,Uruguay,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"En cuanto a la utilización de Hidrógeno, se está trabajando en un piloto para vehículos de carga y buses de larga distancia. Actividades primarias 7% Centrales eléctricas servicio público 9% Consumo propio 6% Comercial · Servicio Sector Público 2% Figura 10: Emisiones de CO2 por sector en 2020.Asimismo, este sector requiere una visión amplia desde la sostenibilidad y está en proceso de elaboración la Política Nacional de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, con la visión de posibilitar el acceso a todas las personas a las oportunidades que ofrecen los centros urbanos, con alternativas de movilidad ambiental, social y económicamente sostenibles, apuntando a la mejora de su calidad de vida. La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.","{'text': 'La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.', 'answer_start': 107}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
331,URY,Uruguay,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible. En el proceso de descarbonización de la economía, el sector energía ha dado importantes pasos quedando desafíos complejos en algunos sectores por la aún escasa disponibilidad de algunas tecnologías. El país deberá explorar distintos instrumentos y requerirá de diversos apoyos para poder dar paso a una segunda transición energética. 5.1.1.2. Sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos En el sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos (IPPU, por su sigla en inglés) se analizan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provocadas por los procesos industriales, por el uso de estos gases en los productos y por los usos no energéticos del carbono contenido en los combustibles fósiles.","{'text': 'La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
332,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"tonnes ) Note (*): increase in GHGs sequestration 2.4. Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors.","{'text': 'Shifting from private to public means of transport', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
333,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.","{'text': 'Shifting from private to public means of transport', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
334,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"Draft.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 Table 5: Summary of mitigation measures from the energy sector # Mitigation Measure Reference document % GHG reduction baseline Absolute reduction baseline tonnes) Estimated cost (Million Reduced Transmission and Distribution National Development Strategy 2 Expansion of Solar: 300 MW in 2025 System Development Expansion of microgrids: Additional of 2.098 MW of capacity added through microgrids by 2028 Rural Energy Masterplan 4 4.1 MW biogas capacity added in 2024 ZERA annual report Energy Efficiency Improvements: Agriculture: 12% savings (2030 compared to baseline scenario); Commercial: 16% savings; Domestic: 22.08% savings; Manufacturing: 18.63% savings; Mining: 8% savings ZERA energy efficiency audit Biofuels Policy, Transport fuel economy policy / Fuel efficiency improvement 2025-2030: Motorcycles: 2.2% per year; LDVs: 2.9%/ year; Buses: 2.6%/year; HDVs: 2.5%/year Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030 The success in the implementation of the mitigation measures in the energy sector will largely depend on overcoming a number of barriers.","{'text': 'Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
335,SYR,Syrian Arab Republic,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/FirstNDC-Eng-Syrian%20Arab%20Republic.pdf,"The transport strategy to mitigate emissions includes the following plans and projects: - Updating and activating the technical inspection procedures in order to comply with the permitted percentages of the gas emission by the car exhausts, and rehabilitating the technical inspection lanes in the transport directorates, especially the modern and advanced equipment needed, such as exhaust gases. - Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation, as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation. - Improving the quality of fuel used in transportation ,as well as the use of green fuel and blue gasoline.","{'text': 'Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
336,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.,"{'text': 'GKMA Passenger service', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
337,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'GKMA Passenger service', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
338,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"No change in load factor. Develop land use and transport master plans incorporating transit-oriented land use and measures to incentivise well-located affordable housing along planned mass rapid transit lines. Adopt TOD friendly building control rules by 2025. TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050. BRT – Bus Rapid Transit Road: Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030.18 Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. GKMA Passenger service Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.","{'text': 'GKMA Passenger service', 'answer_start': 119}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
339,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.,"{'text': 'Metro rail', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
340,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'Metro rail', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
341,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 61 km of passenger MGR rail in 2030. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Metro rail Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 75 km of fully electrified passenger metro rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion 15 Bus system planned by KCCA in collaboration with Metu Zhongtong. 16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA).","{'text': 'Metro rail', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
342,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'LRT – Light Rail Transit', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
343,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). (2018). Multi-Modal Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA): Final Report. Section C-3. 17 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). (2018). Multi-Modal Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA): Final Report. Section C-5. 18 Four corridors identified in the MMUTMP. Section 10.5.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. LRT – Light Rail Transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040.","{'text': 'LRT – Light Rail Transit', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
344,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Apuesta por las opciones de energía eólica, solar y/o mareomotriz para las islas remotas del país (Annobón, Corisco y otras) Al menos generar 5 MW de energía renovable en la isla de Annobón al año 2030 1.5. Adoptar la normativa internacional de límites de emisiones de vehículos en ITV y que permita la importación de vehículos de menos de 7 años Un decreto presidencial promulgado MIE 50.000 0 1.6. Crear mecanismo de precios al carbono: Asignación de un valor a la combustión de la tonelada de CO2, producto de la imposición de un impuesto con el que se gravan los combustibles líquidos Un decreto presidencial promulgado MAGBOMA 50.000 0 1.7. Adquisición y construcción del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducción de emisiones debidas a la proliferación de transporte individual.","{'text': 'Adquisición y construcción del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducción de emisiones debidas a la proliferación de transporte individual.', 'answer_start': 110}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
345,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Adquisición y construcción del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducción de emisiones debidas a la proliferación de transporte individual. Al menos adquirir 100 autobuses eléctricos para el ámbito nacional Al menos 8 estaciones de cargas de baterías y otros usos construidos 1.8. Aplicar la eficiencia energética e inteligente en el país Para el año 2050, se ha instalado el 100% de la iluminación LED en todos los edificios administrativos, sedes de empresas privadas y alumbrado público de todo el país. 1.9. Promover reuniones virtuales para evitar desplazamientos y uso de taxis y viajes aéreos Al menos 500 reuniones virtuales institucionales al año en todos los sectores 1.10.","{'text': 'Adquisición y construcción del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducción de emisiones debidas a la proliferación de transporte individual.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
346,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Improving mass transit', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
347,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Improving mass transit', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
348,ISR,Israel,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Israel%20INDC.pdf,"At the same time, removal of obstacles to implementation was examined. Based on the comprehensive work and findings of the committee, a national emissions reduction target for Israel was formulated and is expected to yield significant benefits to the economy. Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets: Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030 Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation.","{'text': '20% shift from private to public transport', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
349,ISR,Israel,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Israel%20INDC.pdf,"Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets: Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030 Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation. Future development The government decision for the national target stipulates that within 45 days of approval, the relevant ministries are to submit to the government an outline of economy wide measures to be taken.","{'text': '20% shift from private to public transport', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
350,LSO,Lesotho,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Lesotho%27s%20INDC%20Report%20%20-%20September%202015.pdf,"Road transport emissions increased by approximately 2.5% per year between 2000 and 2009. Consumption of petrol and diesel by road transport produced a total of 0.28 MtCO2 eq in 2009. The main contributors were freight transport at 0.18 MtCO2 eq (64%) and passengers transport at 0.10MtCO2 eq (36%). In 2000 road transport contributed 29% to total energy emissions and 8.99% of the total GHG emissions. In 2014, Lesotho imported 225.3 million litres of refined oil products (diesel, petrol and paraffin). Emissions from combustion of 225 million litres of diesel (or petrol) are about 90,000 tCO2 e/year. The most promising transport mitigation options are vehicle efficiency, modal shift from private to public transportation, investments in fuel-efficient vehicles. These measures will need to be driven by policies and must be enforced.","{'text': 'modal shift from private to public transport', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
351,VCT,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Grenadines_NDC.pdf,"Planned measures in this sector include the retrofitting of street lighting nationally, a new building code and an energy labelling scheme for appliances. iii. Transport: new policies to reduce the import duty paid on low emission vehicles are in the process of being introduced to encourage their use. It is estimated that this will result in avoided emissions of approximately 10% over the next 10 years10. Significant potential for greater reductions (e.g. improved public transport) is achievable if international finance can be made available, however this needs further analysis to quantify the reduction potential and support required and consequently these measures have not been included in the economy-wide contribution at this stage.","{'text': 'Significant potential for greater reductions (e.g. improved public transport) is achievable if international finance can be made available', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
352,THA,Thailand,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Thailand_INDC.pdf,"Ambitious targets are defined in the Power Development Plan (PDP), the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) and the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP). For example, the PDP sets a target to achieve a 20% share of power generation from renewable sources in 2036. The AEDP aims to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption in 2036. The EEP plans to reduce the country’s energy intensity by 30% below the 2010 level in 2036. The Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Plan also proposes ambitious actions to promote road-to-rail modal shift for both freight and passenger transport, which include extensions of mass rapid transit lines, construction of double-track railways and improvement of bus transit in the Bangkok Metro areas.","{'text': 'improvement of bus transit in the Bangkok Metro area', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
353,THA,Thailand,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Thailand_INDC.pdf,"The Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Plan also proposes ambitious actions to promote road-to-rail modal shift for both freight and passenger transport, which include extensions of mass rapid transit lines, construction of double-track railways and improvement of bus transit in the Bangkok Metro areas. A vehicle tax scheme based on CO2 emission was also approved and will become effective beginning 2016. In addition, just last year the Government adopted the Waste Management Roadmap, aiming towards more efficient and sustainable waste management and promotion of power generation from waste-to-energy technologies. The roadmap can contribute tremendous environmental benefits in terms of GHG emission and pollution reduction. Currently, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is also studying the potential to reduce carbon emission in the forest sector through the REDD+ Readiness.","{'text': 'improvement of bus transit in the Bangkok Metro area', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
354,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Nuestro NDC contiene una ambición ampliada en el sector transporte, tras los compromisos establecidos en la COP 26, en Glasgow, en la que México acelerará esfuerzos, en coordinación con el sector privado y las ciudades del país, para la movilidad eléctrica. En ese sentido, México trabaja en la consolidación de una Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad Eléctrica para lograr estos objetivos y para implementar mecanismos justos y seguros, además de promover primordialmente la transformación en el transporte público, puesto que es el sector con mayor impacto social.","{'text': 'promover primordialmente la transformación en el transporte público', 'answer_start': 69}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
355,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"En ese sentido, México trabaja en la consolidación de una Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad Eléctrica para lograr estos objetivos y para implementar mecanismos justos y seguros, además de promover primordialmente la transformación en el transporte público, puesto que es el sector con mayor impacto social. En adición, nuestro gobierno ha decretado el litio como un mineral estratégico, y ha establecido el organismo público descentralizado denominado Litio para México, cuyo objetivo es la exploración, explotación, beneficio y aprovechamiento del litio, ubicado en territorio nacional, así como la administración y control de las cadenas de valor económico de dicho mineral. Con ello se busca garantizar la soberanía energética de la Nación sobre el litio y demás minerales que resulten estratégicos y necesarios para la transición energética, la innovación tecnológica y el desarrollo nacional.","{'text': 'promover primordialmente la transformación en el transporte público', 'answer_start': 28}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
356,MEX,Mexico,LTS,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Appropriate financing schemes to promote Ecosystems and all species are conserved or used sustainably. Natural resources are economically valued and adequately managed Sufficient infrastructure exists for a sustainable and efficient water management Efficient use of water resources helps restoring ecological and physical functions of water bodies. Improving its natural capital enhances the economic and social development of the Water balance is ensured through sustainable and efficient use Conservation and sustainable ecosystems management improve climate resilience Local levels of resilience are adequate.Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy sustainable landscape planning are in place Technologies for local adaptation are used Mexico has zero percent rate of carbon loss in original ecosystems. country. Energy Clean technologies are deployed and start advancing the energy transition, with a goal of 35% of clean energy in the power sector Specific schemes are developed to incentivize clean energy, energy efficiency and saving, and sustainable public transportation, reducing our use of fossil fuels. At least 40% of electric power generation comes from clean energy resources. Power generation through clean sources creates jobs, including jobs for the vulnerable population.","{'text': 'Specific schemes are developed to incentivize clean energy, energy efficiency and saving, and sustainable public transportation, reducing our use of fossil fuels.', 'answer_start': 132}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
357,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,S_PublicTransport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"Further to this, indoor airpollution will be reduced and quality of life improved. Revenues will also increase as a result of 13 Compact fluorescent lightsRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 17 of 24 continued population growth and urbanisation , this consumption will exceed 2030 under the business as usual scenario. installation of 35 biogas digesters institutional biogas digesters annually, and increasing average charcoal yields up to 50% by 2030. In addition, Rwanda will enhance the use of LPG14 through tax reductions on importations. energy savings. Transport Programme of action Actions Description and targets Adaptation benefits Baseline scenario Mitigation scenario resilient transport system 4.1 Bus Promotion of public transport, improvement of transport infrastructure, setting vehicles’ emission standards and regulations and integrated national transportation planning The Rwandan transport sector is experiencing a rapid growth of vihicles population and an increase in light duty vehicles equipped with way catalytic converters. It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU.","{'text': 'Promotion of public transport', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
358,AND,Andorra,LTS,A_Work,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"and, secondly, electric motorised mobility without a source of GHG emissions. With the aim of reducing the consumption of fossil fuels in transport, it will be necessary to study alternative means of transport (e.g. cable transport) interoperable with each other and accessible in terms of mobility and economic competitiveness. In addition, according to the Litecc, the administrations, public entities and companies with more than one hundred workers must have a sustainable mobility plan for their workers, according to the hierarchical criteria mentioned above. These plans should evaluate the possibility of reducing travel by means of reorganisation and changes in operation such as teleworking.","{'text': 'In addition, according to the Litecc, the administrations, public entities and companies with more than one hundred workers must have a sustainable mobility plan for their workers, according to the hierarchical criteria mentioned above.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
359,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Work,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances. M3.5 To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development. M3.6 To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement. M3.7 To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.","{'text': 'To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
360,AND,Andorra,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Similarly, the possibility of modifying the urban planning regulations governing public car parks must be studied to increase the degree of demand for the availability of spaces for new constructions, in keeping with the aim of introducing electric vehicles. With regard to the Administration’s fleet of vehicles, care must be taken to ensure that 100% of the cars purchased are EVs or ones that don’t produce GHG emissions, with the exception of those that cannot be adapted due to service safety requirements. This criterion must be included in any new contractual specifications for this type of product.","{'text': 'With regard to the Administration’s fleet of vehicles, care must be taken to ensure that 100% of the cars purchased are EVs or ones that don’t produce GHG emissions, with the exception of those that cannot be adapted due to service safety requirements', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
361,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 2.1.1 To publish a National Electric Transportation Plan and generate complementary regulations (guidelines, regulations and standards) to operationalize Law 9518 on incentives and promotion of the electric transport. • To progress on regulations prohibiting the importation of light- duty vehicles that use fossil fuels. 2.1.2 To promote the implementation of the Sectoral Agreement on Emissions Reduction in the Transport Sector. 2.1.3 To implement transition plans for zero-emissions transport in institutional fleets. • To adjust state procurement schemes. • To implement pilot programs to change institutional fleets. • To consolidate transformation program of commercial fleets in pilot sectors, e.g. : Tourism. 2.1.4 To consolidate programs for the repair and maintenance of zero- emissions vehicles. • To expand the INA capacity building programs in repair and maintenance of electric vehicles.","{'text': 'To implement transition plans for zero-emissions transport in institutional fleets.', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
362,MLT,Malta,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Estimated emission reductions Under the LCDS, a package of measures is assumed to be put in place to support a more significant shift away from private car use in Malta, alongside further measures to support a faster transition to electric vehicles (EVs). The LCDS, in line with the NECP and transport strategies currently in place, considers the following measures: „ Support for the electrification transition: this is further supported by strengthening the grant scheme currently in place to incentivise the purchase of EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles „ The installation of an extended network of EV charging points „ Electrification of government fleet, with government leading by example„ Electrification of scheduled public transport buses „ Support to drive a significant further increase in public transport usage: this is assumed to arise from a suite of measures, including the extension of free public transport services, and improvements in public transport services „ Support for active transport: sustained investment taking place throughout the strategy period in infrastructure to support cycling (e.g.","{'text': 'Electrification of government fleet, with government leading by example', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
363,MLT,Malta,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LCDS, in line with the NECP and transport strategies currently in place, considers the following measures: „ Support for the electrification transition: this is further supported by strengthening the grant scheme currently in place to incentivise the purchase of EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles „ The installation of an extended network of EV charging points „ Electrification of government fleet, with government leading by example„ Electrification of scheduled public transport buses „ Support to drive a significant further increase in public transport usage: this is assumed to arise from a suite of measures, including the extension of free public transport services, and improvements in public transport services „ Support for active transport: sustained investment taking place throughout the strategy period in infrastructure to support cycling (e.g. bikes, e-bikes, pedelecs) and walking.","{'text': 'Electrification of government fleet, with government leading by example', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
364,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"As one of the world’s major car manufacturing countries, Korea is striving to be agile in responding to future demand and cutting GHG emissions from the transportation sector. Aiming at the world’s most competitive future mobility industry by 2030, we are intensively investing in technology innovations in green vehicle production while coming up with various incentive programs to boost domestic demands for eco-friendly vehicles. The environment-friendly vehicle deployment target scheme requires automakers to produce and sell a certain percentage (15% in 2020) of eco-friendly vehicles of their new car sales. From 2020, the public sector can purchase eco-friendly vehicles only. We are providing eco-friendly vehicle subsidies for different type of vehicles ranging from passenger cars, to buses, trucks, and two-wheelers.","{'text': 'From 2020, the public sector can purchase eco-friendly vehicles only.', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
365,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
366,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
367,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.). 36 Directive restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity, taking into account the reduction of emissions and the minimum rates of excise duties on energy products Prepare and strictly implement the revised Directive 2009/33 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles. Promote the application of green public procurement. Reduce aviation emissions. Support the construction of infrastructure for waterway transport enabling the operation of alternative fuel vessels in inland waterway transport and encourage carriers/operators of inland waterway vessels to remotorise their alternative-fuel vessels. Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving).","{'text': 'Promote the application of green public procurement', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
368,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure ► the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives. In early 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in Aotearoa, to discourage purchase ► the Clean Car Standard (to be implemented in 2022), which will support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles. It will be strengthened over time ► transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this ► the zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate.","{'text': 'transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
369,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"It will be strengthened over time ► transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this ► the zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate. The Government has created a mechanism to ensure there is a minimum percentage of ZEVs in the imported light vehicle supply. It will be used if the Clean Car Standard and Clean Car Discount do not prompt enough supply of ZEVs ► extending heavy EV exemption from road user charges, which will encourage businesses to buy heavy EVs.","{'text': 'transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
370,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_Procurement,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Principles: This action is highly aligned with Autonomy and well aligned with Environment and Inclusivity. Link to Second NDC: This action supports the NDC target of a 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs. Links to other mitigation sectors: Energy (energy efficiency). TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONS TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONSTRANSPORT Introducing electric vehicles (EVs) in the municipal government fleet. GHG emission reduction potential: Low, but the potential to grow significantly beyond the government fleet as EVs are implemented. Description: This action focuses on making the municipal government fleet 100 percent electric.","{'text': 'Introducing electric vehicles (EVs) in the municipal government fleet.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
371,AND,Andorra,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"This reduction in GHG emissions is accompanied by an improvement in air quality, especially with the reduction of NO2 levels, with values 70% lower than usual. Although this situation is not a desirable one, the post-COVID-19 policies must take into account the connection between health, air quality and climate change, in such a way that positive experiences need to be drawn from them, assessing the possibility of incorporating those that allow us to better reconcile the impact on GHG emissions and the maintenance of the economy into mobility habits.","{'text': 'This reduction in GHG emissions is accompanied by an improvement in air quality, especially with the reduction of NO2 levels, with values 70% lower than usual. A', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
372,EEU,European Union,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Just as for renewable energy in the previous decade, the automotive industry already today heavily invests in the emergence of zero and low emission vehicle technologies, such as electric vehicles. A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy. Electrification of short sea shipping and inland waterways is also an option, where the power to weight ratio makes it feasible. Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes.","{'text': 'A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
373,LVA,Latvia,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Electrification of ports reduces emissions from ships standing in ports, thus decreasing the negative impact of ports on the surrounding environment and climate. • Sustainable and environmentally friendly mobility of inhabitants has been ensured The public transport system is efficient and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. The public transport is co-modal64 and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. It has reduced traffic jams and GHG emissions generated by road transport, significantly improved air quality in cities and the attractiveness of urban environment. The park and ride system has significantly expanded, the use of bicycles, scooters, segways, and other inventory has increased, and attractive circumstances for pedestrians have sensors (road weather stations, video cameras, traffic counters, etc.","{'text': 'The public transport is co-modal64 and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. It has reduced traffic jams and GHG emissions generated by road transport, significantly improved air quality in cities and the attractiveness of urban environment.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
374,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Pour parvenir à la neutralité climatique d’ici à 2050, le défi consiste donc à inverser cette tendance et à tout mettre en œuvre pour décarboniser le système de mobilité. Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.","{'text': 'Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air,', 'answer_start': 29}",fr-FR,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
375,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux.","{'text': 'Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air,', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
376,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up. People everywhere will feel the benefits – villages, towns, cities, and countryside will be cleaner, greener, healthier, and more prosperous and pleasant environments in which to live, work and enjoy. 6. Based on our whole system modelling, by 2050, total transport emissions, including international aviation and shipping, could need to drop by 76-86% compared to 2019, down to 23-40MtCO e. In the interim, to meet our NDC and CB6 targets,72 we expect they could fall by 22-33% by 2030 and 46-59% by 2035, compared to 2019 levels. These figures are based on an indicative transport sector pathway contributing to the whole-economy net zero and interim targets.","{'text': 'People everywhere will feel the benefits – villages, towns, cities, and countryside will be cleaner, greener, healthier, and more prosperous and pleasant environments in which to live, work and enjoy.', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
377,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"Table 4: Possible mitigation actions to deliver the conditional contribution Sector Description Objectives of the activity by 2030 Power ƒ Ensure all new coal generation uses super-critical technology ƒ Increased penetration of wind power ƒ Implement grid-connected solar plant to diversify the existing electricity generation mix ƒ 100% of new coal based power plants use super-critical technology by 2030 ƒ 400 MW of wind generating capacity by 2030 ƒ 1000 MW of utility-scale solar power plant Transport ƒ Modal shift from road to rail, delivered through a range of measures, including underground metro systems and bus rapid transit systems in urban areas. Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety. ƒ Reduced congestion and improved running of traffic. This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures.","{'text': 'Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
378,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Efficacité énergétique dans l habitat urbain et rural. 1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet régional de Corridor économique Lomé-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-économiques potentiels dans la mise en œuvre des actions relevant des différents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la création d’emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d’accidents de la route ; l’économie de temps des voyages au profit des activités économiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations ; l’amélioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse à long terme des coûts des marchandises à travers la baisse occasionnée du coût du transport ; la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites) ; Déchets l’augmentation de l’offre énergétique ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la réalisation d’économies sur l’importation d’électricité ou de fuel ; l’utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l’utilisation du compost ; la récupération du méthane pour une réduction considérable des émissions d’un gaz à effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de mécanismes d’accès aux intrants agricoles de qualité, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l’accroissement de la productivité, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la création d’emplois verts ; l’accroissement des revenus pour les femmes bénéficiaires de projets ; l’accroissement de la résilience des populations bénéficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la réduction des risques de pollution des sources d’eau et de la biodiversité par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigués par goutte à goutte ; l’aménagement de périmètres irrigués ; l’accroissement des superficies des terres exploitées par l’aménagement des bas-fonds et la récupération des terres dégradées ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources forestières et contribution des filières forestières au PIB ; la couverture des besoins énergétiques, par une extension des aménagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources dégradées et le transfert de compétences aux collectivités territoriales ; le renforcement de la résilience des écosystèmes et l’amélioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique grâce à la mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce multirisque et à la mise en œuvre de mesures d’adaptation concrètes ; la gestion durable des terres et l’amélioration de la résilience des ménages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l’amélioration de la résilience des écosystèmes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution à la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution à l’atteindre de la sécurité alimentaire et la préservation des écosystèmes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert végétal en vue de renforcer la résilience des populations vulnérables et la contribution à la séquestration du carbone ; l’appui au développement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance forestière et environnementale en augmentant la résilience au changement climatique et en préservant les ressources forestières ; Élevage l’amélioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du bétail ; l’amélioration du couvert végétal ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l’augmentation des espaces de pâture ; l’augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l’augmentation des superficies récupérées ; la création d’emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la réduction de la coupe du bois ; la réduction des risques de dégradation des terres et de conflits ; la réduction des risques de santé animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la sécurisation des activités pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : Répertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d’équipement installé (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances installées.","{'text': 'la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites)', 'answer_start': 114}",fr-FR,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
379,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet régional de Corridor économique Lomé-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-économiques potentiels dans la mise en œuvre des actions relevant des différents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la création d’emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d’accidents de la route ; l’économie de temps des voyages au profit des activités économiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations ; l’amélioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse à long terme des coûts des marchandises à travers la baisse occasionnée du coût du transport ; la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites) ; Déchets l’augmentation de l’offre énergétique ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la réalisation d’économies sur l’importation d’électricité ou de fuel ; l’utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l’utilisation du compost ; la récupération du méthane pour une réduction considérable des émissions d’un gaz à effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de mécanismes d’accès aux intrants agricoles de qualité, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l’accroissement de la productivité, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la création d’emplois verts ; l’accroissement des revenus pour les femmes bénéficiaires de projets ; l’accroissement de la résilience des populations bénéficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la réduction des risques de pollution des sources d’eau et de la biodiversité par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigués par goutte à goutte ; l’aménagement de périmètres irrigués ; l’accroissement des superficies des terres exploitées par l’aménagement des bas-fonds et la récupération des terres dégradées ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources forestières et contribution des filières forestières au PIB ; la couverture des besoins énergétiques, par une extension des aménagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources dégradées et le transfert de compétences aux collectivités territoriales ; le renforcement de la résilience des écosystèmes et l’amélioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique grâce à la mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce multirisque et à la mise en œuvre de mesures d’adaptation concrètes ; la gestion durable des terres et l’amélioration de la résilience des ménages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l’amélioration de la résilience des écosystèmes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution à la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution à l’atteindre de la sécurité alimentaire et la préservation des écosystèmes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert végétal en vue de renforcer la résilience des populations vulnérables et la contribution à la séquestration du carbone ; l’appui au développement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance forestière et environnementale en augmentant la résilience au changement climatique et en préservant les ressources forestières ; Élevage l’amélioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du bétail ; l’amélioration du couvert végétal ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l’augmentation des espaces de pâture ; l’augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l’augmentation des superficies récupérées ; la création d’emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la réduction de la coupe du bois ; la réduction des risques de dégradation des terres et de conflits ; la réduction des risques de santé animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la sécurisation des activités pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : Répertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d’équipement installé (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances installées. Infrastructures Taux d’exécution physique/financier (%) ; Proportion/linéaire de voiries aménagées ; Proportion/linéaire de caniveaux aménagées.","{'text': 'la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites)', 'answer_start': 106}",fr-FR,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
380,JOR,Jordan,1st NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Jordan%20INDCs%20Final.pdf,"The health sector’s adaptation to climate change focuses on the adequate intervention measures required to reduce the impact of climate change on six climate-sensitive health issues, namely: o Heat waves (health impacts of temperature related events); o Water and food-borne diseases; o Vector-borne diseases; o Air-borne and respiratory diseases; o Nutrition and food security; and o Occupational health The Action Plan (2013-2017) listed 24 proposed adaptation projects that fall under seven main categories as follows: - Regulatory/legislative; - Capacity building; - Public education and communication; - Surveillance and monitoring; - Medical intervention; - Infrastructure development; and - Research and further information. The proposed adaptation measures and projects are: — Strengthening the preparedness and resilience of the health sector and increasing emergency rooms (ER) capacities; — Building the needed capacities to conduct health vulnerability assessments; — Educating and informing the public of the needed measures to protect health from the adverse impacts of climate change; — Establishing an early warning system to trigger prompt public health intervention when certain variables exceed a defined threshold; — Developing climate-informed disease control programs and surveillance systems using meteorological services to target vector control in time and space; — Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change; — Introducing new indicators that are useful for protecting health, such as Air Quality Index, UV index, in cooperation with the relevant institutions; and — Utilizing effective tools (e.g.","{'text': 'Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change', 'answer_start': 194}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
381,JOR,Jordan,1st NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Jordan%20INDCs%20Final.pdf,"The proposed adaptation measures and projects are: — Strengthening the preparedness and resilience of the health sector and increasing emergency rooms (ER) capacities; — Building the needed capacities to conduct health vulnerability assessments; — Educating and informing the public of the needed measures to protect health from the adverse impacts of climate change; — Establishing an early warning system to trigger prompt public health intervention when certain variables exceed a defined threshold; — Developing climate-informed disease control programs and surveillance systems using meteorological services to target vector control in time and space; — Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change; — Introducing new indicators that are useful for protecting health, such as Air Quality Index, UV index, in cooperation with the relevant institutions; and — Utilizing effective tools (e.g. GIS or Health Mapper) to link environmental and climatic factors to health outcomes.","{'text': 'Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
382,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"   Clean Coal technology - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Deployment of carbon capture to sub-critical coal power stations in the north of Malawi with permanent geological storage within in-situ coal seams. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM, IPPs, Department of Mines, donors US$ 4.8 billion conditional Not applicable    TRANSPORTMALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 35 NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Modal shift: private to passenger transport Increasing the share of passenger transport from around 10% at present to around 30% in 2040, reducing GHG emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MOTPW, MOLG (Department of Road Traffic and Safety Services) Passenger Associations, Bus Operators Associations, City Councils, private transport cos million uc: US$ 41m c: US$ 97m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 144}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
383,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Modal shift: road to rail freight Increased use of rail under the National Transport Master Plan, resulting in reduced diesel consumptions and GHG emissions from road freight transport. MOTPW (Department of Rail and Public Transport) Road Transporters Association, Railway Operator, District and City Councils billion uc: US$ 6.45m c: US$ 6.45m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Increasing ethanol blending with gasoline as a transportation fuel Achieving an average national blend rate of 20% ethanol, resulting in reduced GHG emissions from gasoline consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
384,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Blending biodiesel with diesel as a transportation fuel Commercial production of biodiesel fuel reaching 55 million litres and resulting in reduced GHG emissions from diesel consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, MOA, DADOs, private sector million uc: US$ 141m c: US$ 16m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
385,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    BUILDINGSMALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 36 NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Improved charcoal cookstoves - rural households (a) Deployment of efficient charcoal cookstoves to urban households; increasing from 20% to 30% efficiency thereby reducing demand for charcoal and O emissions. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs), Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (DOF) District Energy Offices, District Forestry Offices, District Councils, NGOs, Area and Village Development Committees US$ 8 million unconditional Reduced demand for traditional biomass, which helps to reduce pressure on forestry resources with associated reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.    Improved firewood cookstoves - rural households (b) Introduction of 2 million improved high efficiency stoves, resulting in carbon sink preservation through reduction in use of unsustainable biomass fuel.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
386,NPL,Nepal,1st NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nepal%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Conservation and management of this area, including implementation of forests, soil and water conservation activities, is expected to greatly sequestrate carbon and could function as the carbon sink. c. Moving towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Promotion of public transport system and bicycle use, introduction of fuel tax used in Kathmandu Valley for air quality improvement and further promotion of non-motorised transport would contribute to the reduction of pollution in urban areas. d. Promoting Climate Friendly Practices in Agriculture Nepal is implementing farmers schools where local varieties of crops will be promoted using local and indigenous knowledge and building on efficient technologies. Similarly, efforts are underway to develop flood and drought-resistant crop varieties to cope with climate change impacts.","{'text': 'Promotion of public transport system and bicycle use, introduction of fuel tax used in Kathmandu Valley for air quality improvement and further promotion of non-motorised transport would contribute to the reduction of pollution in urban areas.', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
387,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Many of the mitigation options can be summarized as “modal shift” – moving passengers or freight from one form or mode of transport to another, less polluting, one. Air pollution in major urban areas is severe and the health benefits of these measures immediate. For example, when High Speed Rail (HSR) is available in Nigeria, a shift from air travel to HSR could begin. Significant investments are being made to revive rail transport, which also has the potential to carry a share of the fast-growing cargo load. With the early stage status of the high speed rail network in Nigeria, it is not possible to quantify the costs and potential accurately. Measures to increase the efficiency of existing vehicles and the transport system are also possible.","{'text': 'Many of the mitigation options can be summarized as “modal shift” – moving passengers or freight from one form or mode of transport to another, less polluting, one. Air pollution in major urban areas is severe and the health benefits of these measures immediate.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
388,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Association Agreement is accompanied by an implementation Program of Action for European Integration: 13 Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their MemberFreedom, Democracy, Welfare14, which addresses adaptation to climate change and sets the framework for the congruence of Moldovan policies with European ones. Promoting the “green’’ economy program in the Republic of Moldova for the years 2018-2020 and the Action Plan15 for its implementation ensures the development of the necessary capacities of all those involved in the planned activities in order to achieve the following specific targets by 2020: 17% of gross final energy consumption from renewable sources and improvement of energy efficiency by 8.2%; promoting organic farming by implementing green economy principles and expanding the area of agricultural land used for organic farming by about 20%; reducing air pollution by 30% by developing sustainable transport, etc.","{'text': 'reducing air pollution by 30% by developing sustainable transport', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
389,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Airpollution,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Promoting the “green’’ economy program in the Republic of Moldova for the years 2018-2020 and the Action Plan15 for its implementation ensures the development of the necessary capacities of all those involved in the planned activities in order to achieve the following specific targets by 2020: 17% of gross final energy consumption from renewable sources and improvement of energy efficiency by 8.2%; promoting organic farming by implementing green economy principles and expanding the area of agricultural land used for organic farming by about 20%; reducing air pollution by 30% by developing sustainable transport, etc. The Biological Diversity Strategy for the years 2015-202016 addresses the causes of biodiversity loss through the incorporation of requirements such as halting the biodiversity loss process starting with the government and ending with the entire society.","{'text': 'reducing air pollution by 30% by developing sustainable transport', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,Is there any Air pollution reduction?
390,AND,Andorra,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"These plans should evaluate the possibility of reducing travel by means of reorganisation and changes in operation such as teleworking. These mobility plans must provide the necessary elements to promote the use of bicycles when travelling, such as having indoor parking or charging points for electric bicycles. The experience of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in 2020 has shown how policies to restrict mobility, which have forced the implementation of teleworking or reduced mobility to essential minimum levels, could mean the country witnesses a 52% reduction in GHG emissions if they are maintained throughout a year (see Chart 7), taking into account domestic mobility, fuel tourism and the reduction in electricity consumption.","{'text': 'The experience of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in 2020 has shown how policies to restrict mobility, which have forced the implementation of teleworking or reduced mobility to essential minimum levels, could mean the country witnesses a 52% reduction in GHG emissions if they are maintained throughout a year', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
391,AND,Andorra,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The experience of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in 2020 has shown how policies to restrict mobility, which have forced the implementation of teleworking or reduced mobility to essential minimum levels, could mean the country witnesses a 52% reduction in GHG emissions if they are maintained throughout a year (see Chart 7), taking into account domestic mobility, fuel tourism and the reduction in electricity consumption. This reduction in GHG emissions is accompanied by an improvement in air quality, especially with the reduction of NO2 levels, with values 70% lower than usual.","{'text': 'The experience of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in 2020 has shown how policies to restrict mobility, which have forced the implementation of teleworking or reduced mobility to essential minimum levels, could mean the country witnesses a 52% reduction in GHG emissions if they are maintained throughout a year', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
392,JPN,Japan,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.","{'text': 'it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
393,JPN,Japan,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection. In this context, the Government will promote incorporating the consideration of environmental load reduction into regional public transportation plans based on the revised Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020). In cooperation with urban development, it is necessary to promote the use of transportation systems with low CO2 emissions, such as LRT (Light Rail Transit23), BRT (Bus Rail Transit24), EV and FCV.","{'text': 'it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
394,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.","{'text': 'Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.', 'answer_start': 96}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
395,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités. Vu le caractère international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent être élaborées à l’échelle européenne voire mondiale. Afin d’inclure les externalités négatives dans les prix de ces modes de transport et de forcer l’innovation technologique pour réduire significativement l’empreinte carbone et environnementale (notamment par le développement de l’hydrogène renouvelable ou de carburants synthétiques renouvelables), il importe d’assurer une tarification adéquate des émissions.","{'text': 'Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.', 'answer_start': 5}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
396,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,Y_Transport,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Entre las medidas necesarias, en adición a las nuevas tecnologías eléctricas y la normativa, México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energética al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| PÁG. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.","{'text': 'Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19', 'answer_start': 58}",es-ES,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
397,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year a Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) The reference year used in Antigua and Barbuda’s updated NDC is 2006 b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year Antigua and Barbuda’s net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in 2006 were estimated to be 1060.25 GgCO2e. c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: ● 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 ● 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: ● Antigua and Barbuda’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015 ● Antigua and Barbuda’s First Biennial Update ● Antigua and Barbuda’s Third National f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Antigua and Barbuda may update the base year data based on the continuous methodological improvement and data availability.","{'text': '100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030', 'answer_start': 173}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
398,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: ● 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 ● 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: ● Antigua and Barbuda’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015 ● Antigua and Barbuda’s First Biennial Update ● Antigua and Barbuda’s Third National f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Antigua and Barbuda may update the base year data based on the continuous methodological improvement and data availability. Any updated information will be included in the Biennial Update Report or Biennial Transparency Report.","{'text': '100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
399,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Explore potential for emissions reductions in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector Indicative actions supporting implementation of mitigation targets 1. Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.","{'text': 'Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector', 'answer_start': 271}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
400,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.","{'text': 'Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector', 'answer_start': 248}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
401,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Aware that Cabo Verde needs support to meet these ambitious mitigation targets, the country seeks to join regional and international initiatives promoting low-carbon maritime transport, starting along the North-West African routes. Cabo Verde’s contributions in this sector for 2030 are as follows: MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION #3: LOWERING THE CARBON INTENSITY OF MOBILITY Cabo Verde undertakes to electrify at least 25% of its land-borne transport fleet (new vehicles) by 2030 by resorting to RE sources. Conditional on adequate international support, the shares per vehicle category could increase to 50% in favor of public, collective high-passenger load vehicles. Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport.","{'text': 'shares per vehicle category could increase to 50% in favor of public, collective high-passenger load vehicles', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
402,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"in 2030 to eq., which is around 28% decrease in emissions. By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods. (Residential cooking and biogas) By 2030, ensure 25% of households use electric stoves as their primary mode of cooking. By 2025, install 500,000 improved cookstoves, specifically in rural areas. By 2025, install an additional 200,000 household biogas plants and 500 large scale biogas plants (institutional/industrial/ municipal/community). These three combined targets can reduce emissions from eq. in BAU in 2025 to approximately eq. This is around 11% reduction in emissions from the cooking sector. For 2030, these three targets can reduce emissions from approximately 2,064 Gg CO2 eq. from BAU to 1,599 eq., which is around 23% reduction in emissions.","{'text': 'By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
403,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2020,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20First.pdf,"The Environmental Protection and Management Act of 2015 establishes the legal backing such that, “Where the area is protected as a carbon sink it shall follow the principles developed by the UNFCCC.”17 By 2030, all remaining wetlands and watershed areas with carbon sequestration potential will be protected as carbon sinks. In 2014, the transport sector consumed over one quarter of the country’s fossil fuel imports, 20% of which were gasoline and 11% diesel.18 The NEP addresses this emissions sector by inter alia recommending the use of vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions, and support for hybrid, flex-­‐fuel for electric vehicles as national targets. Antigua and Barbuda aims to, by 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances.","{'text': 'Antigua and Barbuda aims to, by 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
404,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2020,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20First.pdf,"Antigua and Barbuda aims to, by 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances. Consideration of INDC Mitigation/Adaptation Co-­‐benefits National circumstances highlight the country’s exposure and vulnerability to climate impacts, and the ways in which mitigation actions, namely on and off-­‐grid renewable energy, can increase resilience in critical sectors such as energy, water, health, and emergency services. Similarly, mitigation actions can have adaptation co-­‐benefits. For example, expanding the protection of wetlands and watersheds to sink GHG emissions also serves as an adaptation strategy by enhancing water retention and reducing the risks of climate impacts, namely flooding and storm surge. Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the co-­‐benefits of adaptation and mitigation in the area of low carbon development as an efficient and cost-­‐effective strategy for sustainable development.","{'text': 'Antigua and Barbuda aims to, by 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
405,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures. ƒ To achieve a shift in passenger traffic from road to rail of up to around 20% by 2030 compared to the business as usual. ƒ 15% improvement in the efficiency of vehicles due to more efficient running. Industry (energy-related) ƒ Carry out energy audits to incentivise the uptake of energy efficiency and conservation measures in the main industrial sectors based on the Bangladesh Energy Efficiency and Conservation Masterplan ƒ 10% energy consumption reduction in the industry sector compared to the business as usual 2.3.4.","{'text': 'A shift in passenger traffic from road to rail of up to around 20% by 2030 compared to the business as usual', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
406,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures. ƒ To achieve a shift in passenger traffic from road to rail of up to around 20% by 2030 compared to the business as usual. ƒ 15% improvement in the efficiency of vehicles due to more efficient running. Industry (energy-related) ƒ Carry out energy audits to incentivise the uptake of energy efficiency and conservation measures in the main industrial sectors based on the Bangladesh Energy Efficiency and Conservation Masterplan ƒ 10% energy consumption reduction in the industry sector compared to the business as usual 2.3.4.","{'text': '15% improvement in the efficiency of vehicles due to more efficient running.', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
407,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"A fossil fuel-free electricity sector represents a significant enhancement of the 2015 NDC target of 65% renewable energy, alongside a 22% improvement in energy efficiency in the electricity sector. Barbados’ updated conditional mitigation contribution for 2030 consists of: 1. A 95% share of renewable energy in the electricity mix 2. 100% electric or alternatively-fueled vehicles in the passenger fleet 3. A 20% increase in energy efficiency across all sectors as compared to BAU. 4. A 29% decrease in industrial, commercial and residential fuel consumption as compared to BAU 5. A 20% decrease in waste emissions As detailed in the ICTU table (below): Barbados adopts the following ambitious contributions for 2025 and 2030: ● 20% reduction relative to business-as-usual emissions in 2025 without international support (unconditional).","{'text': '100% electric or alternatively-fueled vehicles in the passenger fleet', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
408,JOR,Jordan,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Jordan%20INDCs%20Final.pdf,Transport is by far the largest energy consumer in the Kingdom and the second emitter of GHG according to the 3rd National Communication Report. Main programmes and projects under transport sectors are:  Launching the MoT’s long term national transport strategy in 2014 in which the sustainable transport is one of its pillars;  Increasing the total number of commuters using public transport as a percentage of the total number to 25 % by 2025;  Introduction of the Zero Emission Electric Vehicle (ZEV) in Jordan will be implemented in various phases with the eventual deployment of 3000 charging stations ( on grid & off grid) by to support 10000 ZEVs by the private sector. The ZEV charging stations will be powered by renewable energy.,"{'text': 'Increasing the total number of commuters using public transport as a percentage of the total number to 25 % by 2025', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
409,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Modal shift: road to rail freight Increased use of rail under the National Transport Master Plan, resulting in reduced diesel consumptions and GHG emissions from road freight transport. MOTPW (Department of Rail and Public Transport) Road Transporters Association, Railway Operator, District and City Councils billion uc: US$ 6.45m c: US$ 6.45m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Increasing ethanol blending with gasoline as a transportation fuel Achieving an average national blend rate of 20% ethanol, resulting in reduced GHG emissions from gasoline consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products.","{'text': 'Achieving an average national blend rate of 20% ethanol', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
410,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2021,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.","{'text': 'Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
411,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2023,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.","{'text': 'Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
412,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.","{'text': 'Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
413,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030. Shift from liquid fuel to LPG for vehicles in Ulaanbaatar and aimag (province) centres by improving taxation and environmental fee system. Improve enforcement mechanism of standards for road vehicles and non-road based transport. Industrial sector Reduce emissions in the cement industry through upgrading the processing technology from wet- to dry- processing and through the construction of a new cement plant with dry processing up to 2030. NAMAs, 2010; NAPCC, resolution No. 171, 2012: Building materials programme Agriculture Maintain livestock population at appropriate levels according to the pasture carrying capacity. Mongolian national livestock programme,3b.","{'text': 'Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
414,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"Installation of 50 000 photovoltaic or wind turbine lighting systems Installation of 5000 solar PV systems for pumping water for domestic, community or public use in isolated (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) areas, including agricultural irrigation and livestock watering Powering of 5000 glaciers for domestic use, through photovoltaic technology or with wind turbines, in homes in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Replacement of 2,500,000 incandescent lamps with efficient lamps in all domestic consumers in the country Productive use of energy - construction of 8 centres for fish conservation Construction of 450 MW thermal power plant based on natural gas: Technological Action Plan for Combined Cycle Natural Gas Technology Massification of LPG - Increasing the number of people with access to cooking gas to around 309.02% compared to today Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, • Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses • Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas. • Conversion of 1000 cars to NG Repair of 150 NG buses for public transport Urban areas, in districts - nationwide Mozambique, in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Areas isolated from the grid (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) Residences in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE).","{'text': 'Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, • Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses • Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas. • Conversion of 1000 cars to NG', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
415,NAM,Namibia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Namibia%20Final%20pdf.pdf,"ENERGY The rationale behind the measures in the energy sector relates to broad actions to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency through various DSM measures, and reduce fossil fuel consumption through a series of measures in the road transportation sector. The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq.","{'text': 'Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
416,NAM,Namibia,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Namibia%20Final%20pdf.pdf,"The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq. Potential contribution of the different measures in the energy sector are listed below.","{'text': 'Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
417,NPL,Nepal,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2020,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nepal%20First%20NDC.pdf,"The National Rural Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP), under implementation, provides the framework to provide energy access and energy efficient technologies to local communities and indigenous people living in the mountains, hills and low lands of Nepal through a subsidy programme. d. Environment-Friendly Vehicle and Transport Policy This Environment-friendly Vehicle and Transport Policy (2014) aims, inter alia, to reduce emission from transport sector, increase the share of electric vehicle up to 20% by 2020, promote the transformation of other regular vehicle to electric vehicle, and provide subsidy scheme for the promotion of electric and non-motorized vehicles. It has a strategic approach to avoid unnecessary travel, reduce trip distance, promote the shift towards more sustainable transport modes such as non-motorized transport component in the transport plan, and further promote public transport systems.","{'text': 'Increase the share of electric vehicle up to 20% by 2020', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
418,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"An assessment of the changes required to the regulatory and legislative framework will be undertaken upon finalization of the INDC. The measures identified are as follows: o Renewable energy, particularly decentralized o Multi-cycle power stations o Scalable power stations of 20-50MW o Enforced energy efficiency o Use of natural gas rather than liquid fuels 2. Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3.","{'text': 'Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
419,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
420,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"As these actions deliver substantial reductions in GHG emissions, they also feature in Section 6, which provides details of Palestine’s mitigation contribution by sector. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
421,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Adaptation needs Waste management operations are sensitive to extreme weather conditions, and impacts on the waste sector affect local communities in the following ways: a. Biological activities within treatment systems (such as for leachate management) are directly affected by high temperatures and storms.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
422,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
423,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
424,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
425,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
426,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
427,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
428,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"As these actions deliver substantial reductions in GHG emissions, they also feature in Section 6, which provides details of Palestine’s mitigation contribution by sector. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
429,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Adaptation needs Waste management operations are sensitive to extreme weather conditions, and impacts on the waste sector affect local communities in the following ways: a. Biological activities within treatment systems (such as for leachate management) are directly affected by high temperatures and storms.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
430,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
431,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
432,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
433,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
434,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
435,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
436,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
437,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
438,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Scrap 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030, and all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conduct statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040.Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
439,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
440,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
441,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"This revised and strengthened NDC pledges a significantly more ambitious mitigation target of reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010, conditional upon adequate access to resources including climate finance as well as capacity building support. This will be achieved by switching to 100% renewable energy in electricity generation and increasing the share of electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet to at least 2%. Additionally, St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector.","{'text': 'increasing the share of electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet to at least 2%', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
442,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"The cost of emission reductions does not include the implementation of a biofuel policy in the transport sector, nor does it include any actions related to the decongestion of Victoria, Mahé. Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being.","{'text': '30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
443,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to better understand the threats and begin longer-term planning for adaptation as depicted in the table below.","{'text': '30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
444,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"The cost of emission reductions does not include the implementation of a biofuel policy in the transport sector, nor does it include any actions related to the decongestion of Victoria, Mahé. Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being.","{'text': '15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles', 'answer_start': 137}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
445,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to better understand the threats and begin longer-term planning for adaptation as depicted in the table below.","{'text': '15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
446,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows.","{'text': 'By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
447,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector’s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.","{'text': 'By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
448,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows.","{'text': 'By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
449,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector’s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.","{'text': 'By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
450,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows.","{'text': 'By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
451,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector’s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.","{'text': 'By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
452,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.","{'text': 'Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw).', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
453,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.","{'text': 'By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
454,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles. Commercial, Institutional and Residential access by households in off- grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off- grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end- use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. These three energy sub- sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg e from energy sector compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector’s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario. Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use. M8 By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building).","{'text': 'By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
455,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"Draft.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 Table 5: Summary of mitigation measures from the energy sector # Mitigation Measure Reference document % GHG reduction baseline Absolute reduction baseline tonnes) Estimated cost (Million Reduced Transmission and Distribution National Development Strategy 2 Expansion of Solar: 300 MW in 2025 System Development Expansion of microgrids: Additional of 2.098 MW of capacity added through microgrids by 2028 Rural Energy Masterplan 4 4.1 MW biogas capacity added in 2024 ZERA annual report Energy Efficiency Improvements: Agriculture: 12% savings (2030 compared to baseline scenario); Commercial: 16% savings; Domestic: 22.08% savings; Manufacturing: 18.63% savings; Mining: 8% savings ZERA energy efficiency audit Biofuels Policy, Transport fuel economy policy / Fuel efficiency improvement 2025-2030: Motorcycles: 2.2% per year; LDVs: 2.9%/ year; Buses: 2.6%/year; HDVs: 2.5%/year Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030 The success in the implementation of the mitigation measures in the energy sector will largely depend on overcoming a number of barriers.","{'text': 'Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
456,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC).Antigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution areas of loss and damage response, gender responsive approaches in access to finance, and the just transition of the workforce. 2. Summary of the NDC The NDC targets included in this submission are based on the 1.5°C mitigation goal and adaptation goals that assume a 3.4°C increase in global temperatures (based on projections from the assessments of the INDCs). The targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda’s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040. These targets are intended to be met by using relevant technologies, policies such as land use planning and updated building codes, with financial instruments such as catastrophic insurance instruments for extreme weather events.","{'text': 'the targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda’s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
457,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"Australia has a strong track record of setting emissions reduction targets that are both ambitious and achievable, and of holding ourselves accountable for exceeding them. Australia met and exceeded its first and second commitment period targets under the Kyoto Protocol and its 2020 target under the Convention. We are on track to overachieve against our 2030 target. Australia’s performance against its 2030 target, and our commitment to our low emissions technology economic stretch goals place us on a trajectory to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. Australia has a Long Term Emissions Reduction Plan which details how we will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.","{'text': 'Australia has a Long Term Emissions Reduction Plan which details how we will achieve net zero emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
458,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"Australia has a Long Term Emissions Reduction Plan which details how we will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Australia’s Technology Investment Roadmap is a comprehensive and enduring process to accelerate the development and commercialisation of new and emerging low emissions technologies to reach cost parity with existing high emissions technologies. Annual statements under the roadmap identify and update priority technologies, set corresponding stretch goals and measure the impact of our investments to ensure we are on track to achieve our goals. Australia is on track to achieve a 30–35% reduction on 2005 levels by 2030 (Australia’s emissions projections 2021), under a baseline and a Technology Investment Roadmap-aligned scenario, which takes into account activities under the Roadmap and its annual statements.","{'text': 'Australia has a Long Term Emissions Reduction Plan which details how we will achieve net zero emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
459,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"As a member of the High Ambition Coalition, Belize has committed to increasing emissions reduction ambition in this updated NDC, including through the use of nature-based solutions in the FOLU sector intended to increase removals, whilst underpinning the NDC development process with more robust and realistic data and projections in all sectors. Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050. The NDC for Belize is consistent with the overall goal of the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (GSDS) which encompasses medium-term economic development, poverty reduction, and longer-term sustainable development.","{'text': 'Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
460,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"The NDC firmly responds to the development objectives of Cabo Verde’s Ambição 2030 (Ambition Plan 2030). Cabo Verde’s flagship contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; • The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; • The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; • The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools – adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response – at the central as well as municipal levels; • The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way – covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism – enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; • The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap ‘Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy’ defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; • The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
461,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde’s flagship contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; • The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; • The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; • The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools – adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response – at the central as well as municipal levels; • The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way – covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism – enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; • The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap ‘Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy’ defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; • The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) • The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs. To ensure robust implementation in line with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) established under the Paris Agreement, Cabo Verde will enact dedicated legislation covering comprehensive monitoring, reporting and evaluation of GHG data, mitigation action as well as adaptation action, and defining a cross-institutional climate governance framework.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
462,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2060,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","Moreover, China proposed 15 categories of policies and measures for enhanced actions on climate change. Since then, China has made significant progress in fulfilling its commitments in an active and pragmatic manner. China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030.","{'text': 'achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
463,CHN,China,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2060,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China’s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. (III) Challenges Faced by China in Attaining the New Goals China is confronted with enormous challenges and difficulties in its NDCs, which calls for great efforts.","{'text': 'achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
464,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Meta de mitigación de GEI Siguiendo los principios rectores de utilizar la mejor información disponible y procurar el no retroceso y la progresión de la ambición, Colombia establece su compromiso de mitigación, en términos de las emisiones absolutas máximas del país en el año 2030 (meta absoluta de emisiones para un solo año) como se describe a continuación. Tabla 5. Resumen de la meta de mitigación de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigación Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como máximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducción del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyección de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo.","{'text': 'iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo', 'answer_start': 115}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
465,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Resumen de la meta de mitigación de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigación Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como máximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducción del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyección de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo. Establecer presupuestos de carbono para el periodo 2020-2030 a más tardar en 2023. Reducir las emisiones de carbono negro del 40% respecto al nivel de 2014.","{'text': 'iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo', 'answer_start': 55}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
466,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"será importante monitorear el cumplimiento de ambos elementos a lo largo del periodo de la NDC.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 a. Cómo la Parte considera que su NDC es justa y ambiciosa a la luz de sus circunstancias nacionales. Con la presente contribución, Costa Rica aumentó su ambición con respecto a la primera contribución presentada por Costa Rica ante la CMUCCC en el 2015. A continuación se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.","{'text': 'Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.', 'answer_start': 77}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
467,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"A continuación se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C. - El país pasó de tener una meta de emisiones absolutas netas máxima al 2030 de 9.37 a 9.11 millones de toneladas de CO2e. De manera que Costa Rica se compromete a reducir 0,26 millones de toneladas de CO2e más para el año 2030. - Costa Rica incluyó por primera vez una meta con un presupuesto máximo de emisiones netas para el periódo 2021-2030.","{'text': 'Las metas de mitigación están alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonización, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 °C.', 'answer_start': 11}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
468,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"El país mejora la contabilidad y se han introducido nuevas opciones con una mejor claridad para seguir mostrando los esfuerzos de mitigación a nivel nacional, con la respectiva aplicación del Sistema Nacional de MRV, con una desagregación en lo sectorial a nivel de país.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 e. Cómo ha abordado la Parte el Artículo 4, párrafo 6 del Acuerdo de París. La República Dominicana se guía por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7.","{'text': 'Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050', 'answer_start': 84}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
469,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"La República Dominicana se guía por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7. Cómo contribuye la NDC para lograr el objetivo de la Convención como se establece en su Artículo 2. Cómo contribuye la NDC a los objetivos mundiales sobre el cambio climático (Convención, Acuerdo de París y descarbonización). Acciones específicas de mitigación y movilización de recursos financieros para implementación. a. Cómo contribuye la NDC a alcanzar el objetivo del Convenio establecido en su Artículo 2.","{'text': 'Compatible con el Cambio Climático (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiración de carbono neutralidad al 2050', 'answer_start': 19}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
470,IND,India,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2070,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf,"India’s NDC is ambitious, and it is a significant contribution towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. Environmentally sustainable, low carbon initiatives are underpinning all key sectors of the Indian economy.P a g e | 3 of 3 India reaffirms its commitment to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. This update to India’s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070. No change in the other sections or text or otherwise of the document containing existing first NDC is proposed at this stage. India reserves the right to provide further updates by way of additional submissions on its NDC, as and when required. *****","{'text': 'This update to India’s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070.', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
471,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"Liberia’s National Policy and Response Strategy on Climate Change, for instance, aims to ensure that a qualitative, effective, and coherent climate change adaptation process takes place, and also to serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans. The government has shown leadership in addressing climate change issues as demonstrated through its submission of an Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in 2015, now the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) following the country’s ratification of the Paris Agreement in 2018. The 2015 NDC aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15% below business-as-usual levels by 2030 with a long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, conditional upon international support. It also highlighted the crucial role of adaptation in ensuring the resilience of the country’s communities and natural systems.","{'text': 'with a long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, conditional upon international support', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
472,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The context and long-term vision for this NDC is set out in RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: • commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at • communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least • reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; • commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; • commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; • commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and • commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors • Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) • Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018.","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
473,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: • commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at • communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least • reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; • commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; • commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; • commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and • commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors • Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) • Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI’s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI’s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI’s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. Fair and ambitious RMI’s emissions are negligible in the global context (<0.00001% of global emissions).","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
474,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 248}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
475,MHL,Marshall Islands,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy – which is RMI’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 – Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: ¾ Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). ¾ Focus in the short and medium term on RMI’s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; ¾ Act to reduce RMI’s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; ¾ Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; ¾ Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; ¾ Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; ¾ Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; ¾ Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; ¾ Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; ¾ Include health considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI’s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; ¾ Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years – including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs – at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and ¾ Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.","{'text': 'reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest', 'answer_start': 214}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
476,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"2050 Aspirational Goal Nauru aspires to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks by 2050, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. But achieving this aspirational goal will be contingent on the effective mobilization of sufficient international financial, technical and capacity building support. This ambitious mitigation effort must be pursued in tandem with urgent adaptationactions, including the full realization of the Higher Ground Initiative, along with major improvements to national food security, water security, and public health and safety.VII.","{'text': 'This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
477,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"To this end, the country has developed its policy and institutional framework. In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19 of the Paris Agreement, Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050. 3. Mitigation Component of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Quantified targets of NDC Type Activity-based targets and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sectorsThe targets in this section, unless otherwise specified, are conditional upon international support.","{'text': 'Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
478,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"La vulnerabilidad del país ante los efectos del cambio climático, tanto a nivel de sus estructuras físicas, como de la plataforma de servicios ecosistémicos y antropogénicos que sustenta la economía nacional, exige un aumento en el nivel de ambición climática para garantizar la sostenibilidad y competitividad del país en el largo plazo, en un escenario de desarrollo que para ser sostenible tiene que ser resiliente al clima. En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050, generando benefi cios triples.","{'text': 'En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050', 'answer_start': 67}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
479,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050, generando benefi cios triples. Esto es, que producen resultados múltiples y tangibles en los ámbitos del desarrollo económico, el bienestar social y la sostenibilidad ambiental, la igualdad de género y empoderamiento de las mujeres, jóvenes y grupos vulnerables, al minimizar el daño causado por los impactos del cambio climático y al mismo tiempo maximizar las oportunidades que ofrece el fi nanciamiento climático.","{'text': 'En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el país en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualización de la primera Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panamá (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptación y mitigación se complementan para la construcción de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del país al 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
480,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The Republic of Seychelles is committed to reducing economy wide absolute Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 293.8 ktCO2e in 2030 (26.4%) compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario by implementing the following:a. Mitigation Contribution With its new and enhanced mitigation contributions, Seychelles seeks to achieve a substantial mitigation benefit, lowering the GHG emission to a level of 817 ktCO2eq by 2030, relatively to baseline emissions, as well as a lasting adaptation impact in terms of energy and water security for Seychelles and improved resilience across communities. The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
481,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
482,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The enhanced mitigation contributions include: • The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); • The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; • The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; • The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; • The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; • The commitment to ensure “Responsible Tourism” in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b. Adaptation Contribution As a Small Island Developing State, Seychelles is inherently vulnerable to the impacts and risks associated with climate change, and thus gives high priority to climate adaptation strategies that will improve its resilience to these.","{'text': 'The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
483,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"83 TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017* – 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017 – 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO 85 FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK FORESTS . 86 TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 86 TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 86 ANNEX II - SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO INDIVIDUAL SECTORS . 88 LULUCF – expert approach . 90 Waste sector - expert approach. 90 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENARIOS USED IN THE LOW -CARBON STUDY 91 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS USED . 92LIST OF ACRONYMS BAT Best Available Technologies Carbon dioxide DHS District heating system MS Member State EE Energy efficiency EC European Commission ESD/ESR GHG emissions outside the EU-ETS EU ETS/ ETS European Emission Trading Scheme Gg Gigagram (=Mt) GDP Gross domestic product IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change IPPU Industrial processes and product use sector LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry sector Mt Million tonnes MW Megawatt ME SR Ministry of Economy of the SR MoE SR Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic NECP Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for 2021 - 2030 NMVOC Indirect emissions N2O Nitrous oxide OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAMs Policies and measures SEA Slovak Environment Agency WB World Bank SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SHMI Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Slovak-CGE GHG ENVISAGE-Slovakia applied general equilibrium mode Greenhouse gas UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MFF Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 WEM Scenario with existing measures WAM Scenario with additional measuresSUMMARY This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy (after the completion of the modelling of possible emission scenarios), and therefore other less ambitious emission reduction (and increase in removals) scenarios are analysed in detail: a scenario with existing WEM measures and a scenario with additional WAM measures.","{'text': 'This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy', 'answer_start': 361}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
484,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"92/07– official consolidated text, Assembly adopted at its session on 13 July 2021 the following R E S O L U T I O N ON SLOVENIA’S LONG-TERM CLIMATE STRATEGY UNTIL 2050 (ReDPS50) With the Resolution on Slovenia’s Long-Term Climate Strategy Until 2050 (hereinafter: Climate Strategy) being adopted to implement paragraph one of Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1), the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050.By setting the climate objective, the Climate Strategy is determining the goal of attaining net zero emissions by 2050 to other sectors and their sectoral policies.","{'text': 'the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
485,SLB,Solomon Islands,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_BAU,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Report%202021%20Final%20Solomon%20Islands%20(1).pdf,"Solomon Islands is a growing small island developing State, with particular needs and priorities for sustainable development. Despite its status as a low emitting least developed country, Solomon Islands will nonetheless, commit to reduce its emissions by 14% by 2025 below 2015 and by 33% below 2015 by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection. If and when Paris Agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can, with international assistance, contribute: • a further 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025, and • a further 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to BaU projection. With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Reference year or period 2015.","{'text': 'With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can achieve net zero emissions by 2050', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
486,ESP,Spain,LTS,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"Asimismo, la disponibilidad de un sistema energético menos dependiente de los combustibles fósiles, disminuirá la exposición del país a las variaciones de los mercados internacionales de combustibles, aumentando así su resiliencia frente a los cambios internacionales y su competitividad en el contexto global. Por ello, el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis climática, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernización y competitividad de nuestra economía y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad climática en el horizonte 20501, con hitos intermedios en 2030 y 2040.","{'text': 'el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis climática, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernización y competitividad de nuestra economía y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad climática en el horizonte 2050', 'answer_start': 45}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
487,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2060,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The country focuses on building the resilience of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Health, Water, Biodiversity, Coastal and Marine, Tourism, Urban Planning and Human Settlement sectors Sri Lanka’s per capita greenhouse gas emission in 2010 was 1.02 tons and its global cumulative contribution in 2019 was 0.03%. Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; ➢ To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 ➢ To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation ➢ No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; ➢ Adopting ‘Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management’ with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 ➢ Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer ➢ Promoting organic fertilizer and farming ➢ Banning single-use plastics ➢ Promoting E-mobility ➢ Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1.","{'text': 'Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060', 'answer_start': 173}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
488,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2060,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; ➢ To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 ➢ To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation ➢ No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; ➢ Adopting ‘Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management’ with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 ➢ Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer ➢ Promoting organic fertilizer and farming ➢ Banning single-use plastics ➢ Promoting E-mobility ➢ Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1. Introduction Sri Lanka submitted its initial NDCs in September 2016 as a country that ratified the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
489,SWE,Sweden,LTS,T_Longterm,,2045,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"This demands wide-ranging action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also demands that every sector of society plays a part in the climate transition. In 2017, the Swedish Parliament (Riksdag) adopted a climate policy framework with (1) national climate goals, (2) a Climate Act and (3) a Climate Policy Council. The climate policy framework’s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions. By 2045, greenhouse gas emissions from Swedish territory are to be at least 85 per cent lower than emissions in 1990. To achieve net zero emissions, supplementary measures may be counted in line with rules decided at international level.","{'text': 'The climate policy framework’s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
490,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2060,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"Moreover, it ensures a low greenhouse gas development that does not threaten Ukraine’s food production and that the Ukrainian economy can develop in a sustainable manner. How the NDC contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. Ukraine’s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.","{'text': 'Ukraine’s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
491,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2060,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"Since 2016, Ukraine has operated an energy service mechanism for the implementation of energy efficiency measures at municipal and state-owned facilities (budget institutions, such as schools, kindergartens). In total, from 2016 to 2020, more than 550 ESCO contracts were concluded, which contributed to energy savings of 35 %.Based on geographical, economic and social circumstances, Ukraine has committed itself to achieving the target of reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF), reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy until 2030, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 3, 2021 # 179.","{'text': 'reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
492,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2060,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"In total, from 2016 to 2020, more than 550 ESCO contracts were concluded, which contributed to energy savings of 35 %.Based on geographical, economic and social circumstances, Ukraine has committed itself to achieving the target of reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF), reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy until 2030, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 3, 2021 # 179. The Ukrainian NDC includes GHG emissions and targets for its uncontrolled and occupied territories, however the detailed information on the economic activities and GHG emissions on those territories is missing. This fact complicates, and sometimes makes impossible to collect and report data needed for the annual National GHG Inventory.","{'text': 'reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
493,GBR,United Kingdom,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UK%20NDC%20ICTU%202022.pdf,"The legally binding Climate Change Act 2008 sets a framework for the UK to reduce GHG emissions and build capacity to adapt and strengthen resilience to climate risks11. The Act originally committed the UK to cut its emissions by at least 80% below the 1990 baseline level by 205012. On 27 June 2019, this target was amended, committing the UK to a legally- binding target of net zero emissions by 2050, set on a whole-economy basis. The Climate Change Act introduced carbon budgets for the UK, which cap emissions over successive five-year periods and must be set 12 years in advance. The first six carbon budgets cover the period from 2008-37.","{'text': 'On 27 June 2019, this target was amended, committing the UK to a legally- binding target of net zero emissions by 2050, set on a whole-economy basis', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
494,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
495,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Brazil’s updated NDC is broad in scope and includes a consideration of means of implementation and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions in all economic sectors. This contribution is communicated under the assumption that the implementation of the Paris Agreement fully respects the principles and provisions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. As a developing country, Brazil´s historical contribution to the global problem of climate change has been small.","{'text': 'Brazil´s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
496,BIH,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20BiH_November%202020%20FINAL%20DRAFT%2005%20Nov%20ENG%20LR.pdf,"The conditional target (with more intensive international assistance for the decarbonisation of mining areas) for 2030 is 17.5% compared to 2014 or 36.8% compared to 1990. GHG emissions reduction target for 2050 is 50.0% (unconditional) and 55.0% (conditional) compared to 2014, that is, 61.7% (unconditional) and 65.6% (conditional) compared to modelling 1990. In the case of conditional target, more intensive international assistance is expected for faster decarbonisation of the power sector with an emphasis on fair transition of mining areas. Not all of these targets include GHG sinks. In the forestry sector, measures are planned to increase the sinks by 93 until 2030.","{'text': 'GHG emissions reduction target for 2050 is 50.0% (unconditional) and 55.0% (conditional) compared to 2014, that is, 61.7% (unconditional) and 65.6% (conditional) compared to modelling 1990.', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
497,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Most recently, Liberia’s Initial National Communication (2013) reinforces the National Energy Policy with additional long-term targets and related activities, which includes: • Reducing GHGs by at least 10% by 2030 • Improving energy efficiency by at least 20% by 2030 • Raising share of renewable energy to at least 30% of electricity production and 10% of overall energy consumption by 2030 • Replacing cooking stoves with low thermal efficiency (5-10%) with the higher- efficiency (40%) stoves. The long-term strategy of Liberia is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The strategic options for mitigation considered under the INDC are the energy sector (electricity, transport) and the waste sector. The Waste Sector focuses on solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'The long-term strategy of Liberia is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
498,RUS,Russian Federation,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_RF_eng.pdf,"Planning processes a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate: a. National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty The preparation of a decision on the approval of the target to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 was provided for by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.11.2016 No. 2344-r and was linked to the development of a national strategy for long-term development with low greenhouse gas emissions for the period until 2050.","{'text': 'The preparation of a decision on the approval of the target to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 was provided for by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.11.2016 No. 2344-r and was linked to the development of a national strategy for long-term development with low greenhouse gas emissions for the period until 2050', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
499,LCA,Saint Lucia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Lucia%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20submission).pdf,"In absolute terms, 2010 emissions in the energy sector were 505 GgCO2e, which will be reduced to 468 GgCO2e in 2030. Since the only physical quantity relevant for the climate system is the total amount of GHG emissions, it is important to compare the first and the updated NDCs based on actual proposed emissions reductions. The pathways informing the updated NDC emissions targets are supported by detailed modeling of scenarios that include the direct energy use, and the coupling of the power generation and transportation sectors. Box 2: Developing a long-term strategy Saint Lucia is planning to develop a Long-Term Strategy (LTS), and the energy modeling timeframe extending to 2050 that informs this energy-focused NDC, is aligned with the long-term pathway for this sector.","{'text': 'Saint Lucia is planning to develop a Long-Term Strategy (LTS), and the energy modeling timeframe extending to 2050 that informs this energy-focused NDC, is aligned with the long-term pathway for this sector.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
500,LCA,Saint Lucia,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Lucia%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20submission).pdf,"Box 2: Developing a long-term strategy Saint Lucia is planning to develop a Long-Term Strategy (LTS), and the energy modeling timeframe extending to 2050 that informs this energy-focused NDC, is aligned with the long-term pathway for this sector. Stakeholder engagement on the LTS should generate buy-in for a decarbonization pathway that is operationalized in successive NDCs, while at the same time, allowing for a better understanding of the big-picture context in which the NDCs are developed. An LTS will also consider all sectors that contribute to greenhouse emissions. Early and detailed thinking about a long-term strategy will avoid potential pitfalls of technology and policy choices that may appear promising in the short-term, but can make achieving long-term goals more difficult.","{'text': 'Saint Lucia is planning to develop a Long-Term Strategy (LTS), and the energy modeling timeframe extending to 2050 that informs this energy-focused NDC, is aligned with the long-term pathway for this sector.', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
501,TON,Tonga,2nd NDC,T_Longterm,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga's%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The 2020 NDC was then prepared building on the recommendations which had been developed and went through a final validation process with the JNAP technical team and national stakeholders. Once the 2020 NDC contents had been agreed across ministries and departments, the NDC was submitted to and approved by Cabinet.Planning Process 5.2 Information on implementation plans Tonga is currently developing a LT-LEDS which will be submitted to the UNFCCC in 2021. This NDC is aligned with the upcoming LT-LEDS and stakeholder dialogue for the development of the LT-LEDS has fed into the development of the 2020 NDC. The Tongan Government also intends to develop a NDC Roadmap and Investment Plan in 2021.Fairness and Ambition 6. Fairness and Ambition Tonga is a SIDS and its GHG emissions are negligible on a global scale.","{'text': 'Tonga is currently developing a LT-LEDS which will be submitted to the UNFCCC in 2021. This NDC is aligned with the upcoming LT-LEDS and stakeholder dialogue for the development of the LT-LEDS has fed into the development of the 2020 NDC.', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
502,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Dentro de esta perspectiva, Guinea Ecuatorial ha realizado la presente Actualización de sus CDN desde el año 2019, pudiendo paralizar el proceso por la pandemia COVID19; reanudando el proceso en el año 2021 con 9 consultorías y reuniones de validación. El resultado del INGEI, elaborado de abril del 2021 a marzo del 2021, fue un aumento de las emisiones de GEI de forma progresiva. Teniendo en cuenta que la ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al año 2010.","{'text': 'con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050,', 'answer_start': 88}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
503,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Teniendo en cuenta que la ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al año 2010. La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el año 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducción total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al año 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La próxima actualización será en el año 2027.","{'text': 'con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050,', 'answer_start': 24}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
504,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Guinea%20Ecuatorial_INDC.pdf,"En el año 2007, el Gobierno adoptó el Plan Nacional para el Desarrollo Económico y Social (PNDES) al Horizonte 2020, el cual encaja perfectamente con los Objetivos del Milenio para el Desarrollo y las ambiciones para la reducción de las emisiones de CO2 ; puesto que se apuesta por la diversificación de la economía, con un enfoque de la economía verde (el turismo, silvicultura, negocios, etc.). En base a lo señalado anteriormente, la ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el año 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducción de 50% para el año 2050.","{'text': 'La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el año 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducción de 50% para el año 2050.', 'answer_start': 72}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
505,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Guinea%20Ecuatorial_INDC.pdf,"En base a lo señalado anteriormente, la ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el año 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducción de 50% para el año 2050. Eso, condicionado a que el apoyo sea favorable, previsible y, que se viabilice los mecanismos de financiamiento climático y se corrijan las distorsiones de los mecanismos de mercado existentes. Es necesario el apoyo técnico favorable y financiero favorable tanto del gobierno nacional como de la comunidad internacional. 5.","{'text': 'La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el año 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducción de 50% para el año 2050.', 'answer_start': 6}",es-ES,Are there references to long-term climate action?
506,EUU,European Union,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/LV-03-06-EU%20INDC.pdf,"Fair and ambitious The target represents a significant progression beyond its current undertaking of a 20% emission reduction commitment by 2020 compared to 1990 (which includes the use of offsets). It is in line with the EU objective, in the context of necessary reductions according to the IPCC by developed countries as a group, to reduce its emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990. Furthermore, it is consistent with the need for at least halving global emissions by 2050 compared to 1990. The EU and its Member States have already reduced their emissions by around 19% on 1990 levels while GDP has grown by more than 44% over the same period. As a result, average per capita emissions across the EU and its Member States have fallen from 12 tonnes CO2-eq.","{'text': 'to reduce its emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
507,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"The unconditional set of measures are those that Mexico will implement with its own resources, while the conditional actions are those that Mexico could develop if a new multilateral climate regime is adopted and if additional resources and transfer of technology are available through international cooperation. This is unprecedented, since it is the first time Mexico assumes an unconditional international commitment to carry out certain mitigation actions. This INDC is consistent with Mexico´s pathway to reduce 50% of emissions by the year 2050, with respect to the year 2000, as mandated by the LGCC.","{'text': '50% of emissions by the year 2050, with respect to the year 2000', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
508,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BYE,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"This INDC is consistent with Mexico´s pathway to reduce 50% of emissions by the year 2050, with respect to the year 2000, as mandated by the LGCC. In presenting its INDC, Mexico reaffirms its commitment to combat climate change, to the multilateral rules-based climate regime that requires the participation of all countries, and to sustainable development, as well as its solidarity with the most vulnerable countries. Multiple stakeholders were consulted during the preparation of the INDC, including non- governmental organizations, academia and representatives from private industry of all economic sectors, through workshops and consultations at the national level. In sum, the INDC of Mexico is ambitious provided that for the first time it translates previous aspirational commitments into mandatory goals.","{'text': '50% of emissions by the year 2050, with respect to the year 2000', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
509,SLB,Solomon Islands,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/SOLOMON%20ISLANDS%20INDC.pdf,"Starting 2020, with reference to 2025 and ending in 2030 Type and level of Commitment All commitments are premised on: (a) A fair and ambitious agreement being reached, reflecting Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities; and (b) Timely access to international climate change financing, capacity building and technology. Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025; and 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to a BaU projection. With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.","{'text': 'With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
510,SLB,Solomon Islands,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/SOLOMON%20ISLANDS%20INDC.pdf,"With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050. Reference year or period 2015. The BaU projection is based on an extrapolation of historic data covering the period 1994-2010. Estimated, quantified emissions impact In addition to the carbon storage in the forest and ocean ecosystem, Solomon Islands unconditional contribution will reduce 8,300 tCO2 e annually Solomon Islands’ conditional contribution (with international assistance) will reduce emissions by 18,800 tCO2 e annually by 2025, e annually by 2030 Coverage % of National emissions INDC covers fossil fuels and forest sequestration.","{'text': 'With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
511,TUV,Tuvalu,1st NDC,T_Longterm,T_FL,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TUVALU%20INDC.pdf,"International support is crucial to enable Tuvalu implement further actions enshrined in its Policies and Plans, including at sectorial level. For example, the growing emissions in the transport sector, as evidenced from the increased numbers of vehicles on land and vessel for sea transport, needs to be addressed through technological innovations. The goal to pursue a zero carbon development pathway by 2050 is dependent on availability of finance and technology.","{'text': 'The goal to pursue a zero carbon development pathway by 2050 is dependent on availability of finance and technology', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Are there references to long-term climate action?
512,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Explore potential for emissions reductions in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector Indicative actions supporting implementation of mitigation targets 1. Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.","{'text': 'Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector', 'answer_start': 271}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
513,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda’s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.","{'text': 'Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector', 'answer_start': 248}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
514,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation.', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
515,BEL,Belgium,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"Enfin, les stratégies wallonne et flamande reconnaissent la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de l aviation et du transport maritime internationaux, notamment par des carburants alternatifs respectueux du climat. Le niveau fédéral assurera, entre autres, un réseau ferroviaire performant disposant d’interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises. En outre il peut soutenir, grâce à ses compétences en matière de fiscalité et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des véhicules à émissions nulles.","{'text': 'il peut soutenir, grâce à ses compétences en matière de fiscalité et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des véhicules à émissions nulles.', 'answer_start': 73}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
516,BEL,Belgium,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"En outre il peut soutenir, grâce à ses compétences en matière de fiscalité et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des véhicules à émissions nulles. transports d ici 2050, à condition que le transfert modal vers des alternatives à la voiture particulière ait eu lieu et que l électricité utilisée pour les transports soit d origine renouvelable. 9 Ceci signifie qu un seul voyage est effectué avec plusieurs modes de transport, l utilisateur utilisant le moyen de transport le plus approprié pour chaque partie du voyage et pouvant facilement passer d un mode à l autre.","{'text': 'il peut soutenir, grâce à ses compétences en matière de fiscalité et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des véhicules à émissions nulles.', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
517,CHN,China,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap. Energy efficiency standards for fuel-powered vehicles and vessels will be upgraded, energy efficiency labeling system for transport equipment will be improved, and timeworn vehicles and vessels that are highly energy-consuming and of high emissions will be phased out. China will further actively guide low-carbon travel. China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems, and strengthen the construction of urban slow traffic systems, namely, special bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways, etc. By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. 8.","{'text': 'By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
518,CHN,China,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. 8. Press for emissions reduction and efficiency improvement in agriculture Efforts will be intensified to enhance the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, including deepening the implementation of soil testing and formulated fertilization,promoting the fertilization technology of agricultural machinery and agronomy and the substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers, and promoting green and efficient control technology models such as ecological regulation, physical and chemical inducement, and biological control. While improving livestock and poultry productivity, ways to treat and utilize livestock and poultry manure will be refined in order to reduce GHG emissions from livestock and poultry breeding.","{'text': 'By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
519,DNK,Denmark,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
520,EEU,European Union,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.","{'text': 'Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode.', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
521,FJI,Fiji,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Such funds can be drawn from the national budget, but also international cooperation e.g., from the UN system or bilateral donors (this has been the case in various countries). PT and NMT. Fiji will consider ways that PT systems can recover investments with user charges and by collecting part of the windfall profit from increased land prices around core routes through taxation e.g., through parking fees and property taxes. Public subsidies, of course, can also support PT financing schemes. Fiji will also aim to develop integrated low carbon mobility plans that include PT, last mile connectivity, and NMT to attract international climate financing.","{'text': 'Fiji will consider ways that PT systems can recover investments with user charges and by collecting part of the windfall profit from increased land prices around core routes through taxation e.g., through parking fees and property taxes.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
522,FJI,Fiji,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"X X 0.05 – 0.2 MoIT, MoE Immediate Policy Incentives. Economic instruments (e.g., tax incentives) to drive transition of all small motors from fossil fuel to sail or RE powered small motors (e.g., electric outboards) X X X 0.1 – 0.25 MoE, FRCS Immediate Fuel Efficiency Standards. Vessel imports subject to increasingly stringent efficiency standards and fossil fuel powered vessels increasingly penalized X X X X 0.05-0.15 MITT, MSAF, FRCS Immediate Financing modalities for second phase of investments established to support uptake of new technologies. Vessel financing modality programme established and implemented to support public and private sector uptake of new technologies including wind hybrid, battery hybrid, Wing-in-Ground. X X X 50-100 MoEcon, MoIT, FRCS Medium- to long-term Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing.","{'text': 'Policy Incentives. Economic instruments (e.g., tax incentives) to drive transition of all small motors from fossil fuel to sail or RE powered small motors (e.g., electric outboards)', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
523,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement.","{'text': 'Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence)', 'answer_start': 110}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
524,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales.","{'text': 'Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence)', 'answer_start': 75}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
525,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les équilibres trouvés entre ces différentes solutions auront des conséquences importantes pour les industries de matériaux et pour celles produisant des composants et équipements du bâtiment. De même, les choix en matière de transports et de réseaux associés auront des impacts majeurs à la fois sur les industries de matériaux structurels pour les infrastructures (acier, béton) et sur les industries manufacturières pour l’assemblage, la production des pièces et, in fine, celle des véhicules zéro émissions (électriques, voire hydrogène). Que ce soit dans le bâtiment ou les transports, la perspective du cycle de vie doit être adoptée pour le développement de solutions adaptées, dans une perspective « d’économie circulaire », dont les temps-clé peuvent être présentés comme une approche 3R : Reduce-Reuse-Recycle. Source : CEREMA, fiche modèle TRANUS.","{'text': 'Que ce soit dans le bâtiment ou les transports, la perspective du cycle de vie doit être adoptée pour le développement de solutions adaptées, dans une perspective « d’économie circulaire », dont les temps-clé peuvent être présentés comme une approche 3R : Reduce-Reuse-Recycle', 'answer_start': 78}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
526,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Based on the projections in the WEM reference scenario, it is clear that additional measures need to be taken in the future to reverse trends in emissions that are incompatible with Slovakia s target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. 2.5.3.3 Possibilities of Decarbonising the Transport Sector under the WAM Scenario The following extra measures were used in modelling compared to the WEM scenario: Changing the distribution of traffic, which will result in a reduction in the performance of road freight transport for roads over 300 km, of which 30% should be transferred to railway or waterway transport. Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.","{'text': 'Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
527,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax. Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport. According to the calculated projections (Figure 14) broken down by individual gas (Table 12 in Annex I), there are clear downward emission trends for CO2 and N2O until 2040 but CH4 emissions are growing in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario. The most probable reason is a growing trend of natural gas consumption and biogas/biomethane consumption in road transport and its increasing share in fuel consumption, which has been included in the WAM scenario.","{'text': 'Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
528,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"Rail transport and measures of sustainable mobility are put to the forefront, which will reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector and reduce traffic density. To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc.","{'text': 'promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs;', 'answer_start': 141}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
529,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs;', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
530,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation:', 'answer_start': 255}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
531,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.","{'text': 'change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation:', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
532,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.","{'text': 'We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
533,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying. • The UK will play an important role in developing zero emission maritime technology, such as alternative fuel powered vessels using ammonia or methanol produced from low carbon hydrogen, or highly efficient batteries, particularly where we can build on domestic expertise to capture early market share. • As we have stated in the Ten Point Plan and the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we need to ensure that the taxation of motoring keeps pace with the change to electric vehicles to ensure that we can continue to fund the first-class public services and infrastructure that people and families across the UK expect.","{'text': 'We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
534,USA,United States of America,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"To support this outcome, the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles, to produce 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, and to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation. This will occur through lower vehicle costs; fuel economy and emissions standards in light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; incentives for zero- emission vehicles and clean fuels; investment in a new charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; scaling up biorefineries; comprehensive innovation investments to reduce hydrogen costs; and investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options. Making progress this decade requires investing in domestic manufacturing and reliable supply chains for clean fuels, batteries, and vehicles.","{'text': 'to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation. This will occur through lower vehicle costs;', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
535,AUS,Australia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Australias_LTS_WEB.pdf,"Charging points are becoming more common in urban and regional areas. According to industry estimates, the number of charging stations in Australia increased by almost 25% over the year to July 2021.46 However, public and private investment in battery electric charging infrastructure needs to increase to build consumer confidence and enable large-scale uptake. Investment is also needed in refuelling infrastructure for hydrogen and other alternative fuels. The Australian Government is tackling these issues through the forthcoming Future Fuels Strategy and a range of Government investments (Box 3.3). It will also develop a new ERF method to further incentivise the rollout of low emissions transport infrastructure. States and territories are also making substantial investments towards recharging networks. Australia is also helping the heavy vehicle fleet to reduce emissions.","{'text': 'The Australian Government is tackling these issues through the forthcoming Future Fuels Strategy and a range of Government investments (Box 3.3). It will also develop a new ERF method to further incentivise the rollout of low emissions transport infrastructure. States and territories are also making substantial investments towards recharging networks.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
536,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"Under the aegis of the Physical Development Plan, described above, a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan for the Greater Bridgetown Area and the Urban Corridor has been prepared. This plan aims at upgrading the public transport system (fleet renovation, payment systems, tracking systems and demand management), introducing bicycle lanes, connected sidewalks and accessibility measures, as well as parking management policies. Initiatives such as the urban renewal investments in Pile Bay to Harts Gap corridor, the Bridgetown Public Market and Fishing Harbor and the Greater Carlisle Bay incorporate low-carbon transportation measures. These measures may not have been devised as part of the NDC, they contribute to the regulatory, financial and behavioral changes that are required towards a low-carbon climate resilient transportation and mobility system in Barbados.","{'text': 'Initiatives such as the urban renewal investments in Pile Bay to Harts Gap corridor, the Bridgetown Public Market and Fishing Harbor and the Greater Carlisle Bay incorporate low-carbon transportation measures. These measures may not have been devised as part of the NDC, they contribute to the regulatory, financial and behavioral changes that are required towards a low-carbon climate resilient transportation and mobility system in Barbados.', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
537,IDN,Indonesia,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf,"• The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b.","{'text': 'Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending.', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
538,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"It is intended to bring about reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector that are consistent with Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society, and to reduce other adverse environmental impacts. Other important elements of the plan include phasing in new technology, the development of infrastructure for zero-emission vehicles, and tax policy. The Government’s initiatives for freight transport; for public transport, walking and cycling; and for green shipping should also reduce emissions from the sector. Norway’s electric vehicle policy has already reduced average greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars. About 8 % of passenger cars in Norway were electric by the first quarter of 2019. The Ministry of Climate and Environment tasked Enova with establishing a zero-emission fund, which was launched in summer 2019.","{'text': 'Other important elements of the plan include phasing in new technology, the development of infrastructure for zero-emission vehicles, and tax policy.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
539,PAK,Pakistan,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pakistan%20Updated%20NDC%202021.pdf,"CARBON PRICING INSTRUMENT: Under the Collaborative Instruments for Ambitious Climate Action (CIACA) program, Pakistan has received support to establish Carbon Pricing Instrument (CPI). A range of activities have commenced including capacity building on carbon pricing, national consultation on carbon pricing, and scoping of pricing instruments in Pakistani context. The aim is to explore options for the introduction of domestic CPIs to manage the cohort of large-scale emitting installations, representing around 27% of domestic emissions, as well as an opportunity for similar or related economic instruments for the transport sector that. A National Committee on the Establishment of Carbon Markets (NCEC) oversees the development of potential architecture of a carbon market landscape in Pakistan. 6.","{'text': 'CARBON PRICING INSTRUMENT: Under the Collaborative Instruments for Ambitious Climate Action (CIACA) program, Pakistan has received support to establish Carbon Pricing Instrument (CPI). A range of activities have commenced including capacity building on carbon pricing, national consultation on carbon pricing, and scoping of pricing instruments in Pakistani context. The aim is to explore options for the introduction of domestic CPIs to manage the cohort of large-scale emitting installations, representing around 27% of domestic emissions, as well as an opportunity for similar or related economic instruments for the transport sector that.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
540,GTM,Guatemala,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuci%C3%B3n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20Guatemala.pdf,"Agricultura Nombre de la medida Implementador Meta al 2030 Código Descripción Movilidad sostenible (electro- movilidad y biocombustibles) Cambio en la matriz energética MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE de toneladas de CO 80 % de la generación eléctrica proviene de energías limpias para Esta medida trata de abordar un programa de renovación del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas más eficientes. Combinará medidas regulatorias (reglamento de gases vehiculares) con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales) para la compra y reemplazo por vehículos más eficientes (híbridos y eléctricos), además del establecimiento de la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento. También considera la puesta en marcha de un programa para promover el uso del etanol avanzado en la gasolina en Guatemala. Ese programa combinará medidas regulatorias como una nueva ley para disminuir emisiones en los carros que usan gasolina.","{'text': 'con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales)', 'answer_start': 73}",es-ES,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
541,GTM,Guatemala,Updated NDC,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2022-06/NDC%20-%20Guatemala%202021.pdf,"Agricultura Nombre de la medida Implementador Meta al 2030 Código Descripción Movilidad sostenible (electro- movilidad y biocombustibles) Cambio en la matriz energética MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE de toneladas de CO 80 % de la generación eléctrica proviene de energías limpias para Esta medida trata de abordar un programa de renovación del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas más eficientes. Combinará medidas regulatorias (reglamento de gases vehiculares) con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales) para la compra y reemplazo por vehículos más eficientes (híbridos y eléctricos), además del establecimiento de la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento. También considera la puesta en marcha de un programa para promover el uso del etanol avanzado en la gasolina en Guatemala. Ese programa combinará medidas regulatorias como una nueva ley para disminuir emisiones en los carros que usan gasolina.","{'text': 'con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales)', 'answer_start': 73}",es-ES,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
542,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'permanent removal of import duties for bicycles', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
543,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Economic,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances. M3.5 To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development. M3.6 To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement. M3.7 To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.","{'text': 'To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement', 'answer_start': 67}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
544,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf,"The DOE led the execution of several technical studies in the areas of energy, gender, just transition and socially inclusive transition. These studies built upon existing national and strategic priorities to inform the final targets as well as the collection of primary data from over 1,700 participants to support emerging views and opportunities for a strategic approach for the implementation of the targets. The NDC revision process was inclusive and included a whole-of-society, and whole of government approach to the extent permitted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The process engaged the public sector, private sector, and civil society through meetings, focus groups, workshops, stakeholder interviews, public awareness campaigns, household surveys, business surveys and online consultations.","{'text': 'the NDC revision process was inclusive and included a whole-of-society, and whole of government approach to the extent permitted by the global COVID-19 pandemic.', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
545,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"iii) The broad plans and actions for low emission development identified in the 1st NDC to support Bhutan’s efforts to remain carbon neutral have been further elaborated and refined through low emission development strategies (LEDS), and roadmaps. Therefore, sectoral actions with GHG and non-GHG targets along with strategies and priority plans are now presented in the 2nd NDC. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. Despite these challenges, this second NDC from Bhutan has been prepared through an extensive process of technical assessments and wide- ranging stakeholder consultations.","{'text': 'COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
546,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"While these measures are primarily being undertaken to adapt to the increasing threats from adverse impacts of climate change to Bhutan’s energy security, these adaptation measures will result in tangible mitigation benefits. 4. Planning processes: a Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. However, the preparation of the 2nd NDC builds on experience of 1st NDC which was prepared in a short timeframe utilising existing policies, plans and strategies.","{'text': 'COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
547,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"However, over the decades, Bhutan has made remarkable socio-economic advancements, qualifying the country for graduation from this category for the first time at the 2015 triennial review of the list of LDCs. As a least-developed country with a young growing population, Bhutan has pressing needs for economic development and poverty eradication in a challenging environment while conserving of a globally significant natural environment. (b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution; The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process.","{'text': 'COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
548,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"(b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution; The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. Learning from the experience of 1st NDC which was prepared in a short timeframe utilising existing policies, plans and strategies, the 2nd NDC has been informed by deliberate preparatory steps of capacity building of relevant stakeholders in understanding climate change mitigation and adaptation and the preparation of technical assessments in response to the 1st NDC. These steps are described in section 4a above. With the disruptions and difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were adopted meetings when feasible and teleconferencing video technologies during periods of lockdowns and health protocol restrictions.","{'text': 'COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
549,COL,Colombia,LTS,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel más alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento. Para la acción generalE2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 En comparación con el plan de rehabilitación económica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la pérdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas climáticas priorizadas. La acción temprana (de hoy a 5 años) es clave para lograr los objetivos de carbono neutralidad hacia mitad de siglo.","{'text': 'En comparación con el plan de rehabilitación económica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la pérdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas climáticas priorizadas.', 'answer_start': 54}",es-ES,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
550,MLT,Malta,LTS,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"a situation without LCDS measures). The social and environmental effects and the cost to society from taking such measures are considered in specific assessments and thus allow policy to be designed in a way that is beneficial to society in economic and environmental terms. This three-year process was initiated in 2018 and its output and considerations have been inevitably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which hit Malta as from March 2020. 1 World Health Organisation (2018). Climate Change increasingly affects small countries. Retrieved from: 2 Air pollutants relate to those pollutants which can harm the environment and health, can cause property damage, but do not necessarily cause an increase in global temperatures.","{'text': 's. This three-year process was initiated in 2018 and its output and considerations have been inevitably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which hit Malta as from March 2020.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
551,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"La implementación de la ATE 2020-2030 generará una disminución de la contaminación del aire, conllevando a que menos panameños padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, más calidad de vida especialmente en época post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas económicas que traería el realizar inversiones climáticas de esta índole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso país.","{'text': 'La implementación de la ATE 2020-2030 generará una disminución de la contaminación del aire, conllevando a que menos panameños padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, más calidad de vida especialmente en época post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas económicas que traería el realizar inversiones climáticas de esta índole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso país.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
552,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,Le tableau ci- dessous recense les actions d’adaptations fixées par secteur.Tableau 2. Actions d’adaptation par secteurs vulnérables Secteur Actions d’adaptation Agriculture et élevage Développement d’une politique agricole résiliente et intelligente au climat Développement de l’irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversité et forêt Extension de la superficie disposant d’un statut d’aire protégée Extension de la superficie reboisée Pêche et écosystèmes côtiers et marins Suivi et restauration des écosystèmes marins et côtiers Sensibilisation et sécurisation des pêcheurs face aux aléas climatiques Ressources en eau Accès de la population à une source d’eau améliorée Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau Santé Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19 Développement et mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies.,"{'text': 'Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19', 'answer_start': 124}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
553,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,Actions d’adaptation par secteurs vulnérables Secteur Actions d’adaptation Agriculture et élevage Développement d’une politique agricole résiliente et intelligente au climat Développement de l’irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversité et forêt Extension de la superficie disposant d’un statut d’aire protégée Extension de la superficie reboisée Pêche et écosystèmes côtiers et marins Suivi et restauration des écosystèmes marins et côtiers Sensibilisation et sécurisation des pêcheurs face aux aléas climatiques Ressources en eau Accès de la population à une source d’eau améliorée Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau Santé Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19 Développement et mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies. Infrastructures économiques et sociales Développement et mis en œuvre de plans d’aménagement/développement des infrastructures économiques et sociales intégrant le changement climatique Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vulnérables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles.,"{'text': 'Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19', 'answer_start': 112}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
554,JAM,Jamaica,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC%20Jamaica%20-%20ICTU%20Guidance.pdf,"In the recent past, Jamaica has been heavily focused on improving its macroeconomic fundamentals with a strong focus on reducing its public debt, controlling inflation, and reducing unemployment. These improvements have been characterized as an international success but are now threatened by the global fallout from the COVID 19 pandemic. Sustainable development: Vision 2030 Jamaica – National Development Plan, and its Medium-Term Socio-Economic Policy Framework (2018-2021) are underpinned by the three dimensions of sustainable development – social, economic and environmental – as well as equity and inclusiveness. It has made a strong national commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with assessments indicating a more than 90% alignment between Vision 2030 Jamaica and the SDGs.","{'text': 'In the recent past, Jamaica has been heavily focused on improving its macroeconomic fundamentals with a strong focus on reducing its public debt, controlling inflation, and reducing unemployment. These improvements have been characterized as an international success but are now threatened by the global fallout from the COVID 19 pandemic', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
555,MDV,Maldives,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202020.pdf,"In addition to these vulnerabilities, we are also grappling with a number of external threats which further weakens our coping capacity and ability to achieve sustainable development. This is evidently demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has further exacerbated our exposure to external shocks. Maldives is notably one of the hardest hit countries in the world by this crisis, in terms of it’s excruciating impacts on the GDP. Hence, without external support, the government’s recovery efforts and build back better initiatives, which are aligned with long-tern emission reduction goals and resilient and green recovery may not be implemented successfully.","{'text': 'This is evidently demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has further exacerbated our exposure to external shocks. Maldives is notably one of the hardest hit countries in the world by this crisis, in terms of it’s excruciating impacts on the GDP.', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
556,NER,Niger,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Niger_R%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_2021.pdf,"La révision de la CDN met le Niger sur une trajectoire de développement sobre en carbone pour assurer la résilience des populations, des écosystèmes, des bases productives et de ses infrastructures de développement. Le Niger continue, malgré cette période de pandémie à COVID-19 et ces décennies marquées par l’insécurité dans l’espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le déplacement des populations, d’appliquer les mesures pour s’adapter et lutter contre les effets néfastes du dérèglement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activités socioéconomiques dans le pays.II.","{'text': 'Le Niger continue, malgré cette période de pandémie à COVID-19 et ces décennies marquées par l’insécurité dans l’espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le déplacement des populations, d’appliquer les mesures pour s’adapter et lutter contre les effets néfastes du dérèglement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activités socioéconomiques dans le pays.', 'answer_start': 33}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
557,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The sectoral measures for adaptation to climate change will be developed in the scope of the National Adaptation Plan. 2 . 3 C O V I D - 1 9 r e c o v e r y a n d c l i m a t e a c t i o n The COVID-19 pandemic induced vast and global economic and social problems. It is estimated that the economic impact of the pandemic will be more significant than that of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Economic activity has been shut down in support of social distancing, leading to job losses at a pace that greatly exceeds the worst months of the Great Recession, reducing demand in the world economy, and disrupting supply chains.","{'text': 'The COVID-19 pandemic induced vast and global economic and social problems. It is estimated that the economic impact of the pandemic will be more significant than that of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Economic activity has been shut down in support of social distancing, leading to job losses at a pace that greatly exceeds the worst months of the Great Recession, reducing demand in the world economy, and disrupting supply chains.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
558,SOM,Somalia,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Updated%20NDC%20for%20Somalia%202021.pdf,"Roughly 60 percent of the population are nomadic and semi- nomadic pastoralists and 60 percent live in rural areas. The country is considered among the poorest countries in the world with more than 69% of the population living below the international poverty line.2 Somalia continues to grapple with a fragile political system, insecurity, high levels of poverty, climate change-related shocks coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter resulted in a GDP reduction by 1.5% in 2020 compared to the 2.9% growth experienced in 2019.3 Overall economic growth was also hampered by a reduction in Foreign Direct Investment (FD1) due to the contentious 2021 Federal Government of Somalia elections, livestock export bans by Gulf nations, shrinking remittances due to COVID 19 impact, and global recession.","{'text': 'Somalia continues to grapple with a fragile political system, insecurity, high levels of poverty, climate change-related shocks coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic.', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
559,ZAF,South Africa,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa%20updated%20first%20NDC%20September%202021.pdf,"With COVID-19, there has been a reduction in GHG emissions globally, but there is very high uncertainty on how long it may take the economy to recover, and for emissions to potentially rise again. While these factors have been taken into account as far as possible, this has added additional uncertainties to emissions projections for the 2020s. Another key implication relates to support. While the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 are highly uncertain, it is very likely that South Africa will be more highly indebted than prior to the crisis, which will add additional strain to the South African fiscus, constrain local capital markets and potentially increase the cost of borrowing.","{'text': 'With COVID-19, there has been a reduction in GHG emissions globally, but there is very high uncertainty on how long it may take the economy to recover, and for emissions to potentially rise again. While these factors have been taken into account as far as possible, this has added additional uncertainties to emissions projections for the 2020s. Another key implication relates to support. While the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 are highly uncertain, it is very likely that South Africa will be more highly indebted than prior to the crisis, which will add additional strain to the South African fiscus, constrain local capital markets and potentially increase the cost of borrowing.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
560,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"L’incidence de pauvreté calculée sur cette nouvelle base est de 45,5% au niveau national. L’Indice de développement humain (IDH) du Togo est passé de 0,426 en 2000 à 0,484 en 2014 puis 0,484 en 2015, ce qui place aujourd hui le pays au 162ème rang, sur les 188 pays disposant de données comparables. Plaçant l émergence au cœur de son ambition, le Togo a réalisé des avancées remarquables lors des 10 dernières années et s est fixé des objectifs de croissance économique et de développement social et humain élevés pour les années à venir. La panddémie mondiale due à la Covid-19 est un choc sans précédent qui aura des répercussions importantes pour l’Afrique et particulièrement pour le Togo.","{'text': 'La panddémie mondiale due à la Covid-19 est un choc sans précédent qui aura des répercussions importantes pour l’Afrique et particulièrement pour le Togo.', 'answer_start': 94}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
561,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La panddémie mondiale due à la Covid-19 est un choc sans précédent qui aura des répercussions importantes pour l’Afrique et particulièrement pour le Togo. Toutefois, le Togo souhaite donner une impulsion nouvelle à son économie et à sa société sous la forme d’un plan stratégique concret. Aussi, le gouvernement s’est-il défini une feuille de route lancée en octobre 2020 pour l’horlizon 2025.","{'text': 'La panddémie mondiale due à la Covid-19 est un choc sans précédent qui aura des répercussions importantes pour l’Afrique et particulièrement pour le Togo.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
562,TON,Tonga,LTS,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Intense cyclones, as experienced in Tropical Cyclone (TC) Gita and TC Harold, substantially impact these sectors and the economy. In April 2020, TC Harold is estimated to have caused economic damage totalling 12% of GDP (World Bank, 2020), in addition to lives and livelihoods lost. The government of Tonga has successfully quarantined its population from COVID-19, with no cases recorded as of August 2021. However, the pandemic continues to threaten Tonga’s population, health and economic fortunes. The recovery of Tonga’s tourism sector, a substantial contributor to the economy before COVID-19, will be protracted as a consequence of border closures. Despite these challenges and uncertainties, Tonga continues to demonstrate ambitious mitigation commitments and action.","{'text': 'The government of Tonga has successfully quarantined its population from COVID-19, with no cases recorded as of August 2021.', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
563,VEN,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of",Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf,"COYUNTURA - COVID 19 A la situación nacional generada por la aplicación ilegal de las MCU, se suman los efectos producidos por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia de la COVID-19, que demandan la adopción inmediata de medidas para la protección del pueblo venezolano. Como ha sido reconocido por la CEPAL (Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe) la pandemia visibilizó los problemas estructurales del sistema del modelo económico, y las carencias del sistema de protección social en América Latina y el Caribe.","{'text': 'A la situación nacional generada por la aplicación ilegal de las MCU, se suman los efectos producidos por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia de la COVID-19, que demandan la adopción inmediata de medidas para la protección del pueblo venezolano. Como ha sido reconocido por la CEPAL (Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe) la pandemia visibilizó los problemas estructurales del sistema del modelo económico, y las carencias del sistema de protección social en América Latina y el Caribe.', 'answer_start': 4}",es-ES,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
564,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"• Zimbabwe’s revised NDC target is a 40% per capita emissions reduction across all sectors of the economy below the projected business as usual scenario by 2030 (relative to the 2017 emission baseline). • The emissions baseline and expanded list of mitigation measures now cover all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sectors namely Energy; Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU); Waste; and Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). • The NDC revision process incorporated impacts of COVID-19 on emissions trends and macroeconomic parameters, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP).","{'text': 'The NDC revision process incorporated impacts of COVID-19 on emissions trends and macroeconomic parameters, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP).', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
565,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"• The NDC revision process incorporated impacts of COVID-19 on emissions trends and macroeconomic parameters, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP). • Compliance with the Revised NDC remains fully conditional on affordable international financial support, investment, technology development and transfer and capacity development.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 2.1 National Context & Vision Zimbabwe’s updated NDC takes into account its low GHG emissions per capita and substantial vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Zimbabwe is a small net emitter by global standards, responsible for 0.07%1 (2.5 tonnes CO eq emissions per capita; BUR1 2017) of global emissions.","{'text': 'The NDC revision process incorporated impacts of COVID-19 on emissions trends and macroeconomic parameters, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP).', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
566,BOL,Bolivia (Plurinational State of),2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_Bolivia-2021-2030_UNFCCC_en.pdf,"This NDC describes in a transparent and clear way the goals, programs and actions, the modalities and the implementation framework of the Bolivian commitments based on approaches that are not linked to markets but to the defense of the rights of Mother Earth. 2.4. COVID-19 and economic recovery At the end of 2019 and in 2020, the country faced a complex situation due to the impacts of a political crisis, which added to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused the national economy to accumulate a drop in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 8.33%, a situation that had a significant impact on social, economic, productive and employment indicators.","{'text': 'At the end of 2019 and in 2020, the country faced a complex situation due to the impacts of a political crisis, which added to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused the national economy to accumulate a drop in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 8.33%, a situation that had a significant impact on social, economic, productive and employment indicators.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
567,BOL,Bolivia (Plurinational State of),2nd NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_Bolivia-2021-2030_UNFCCC_en.pdf,"COVID-19 and economic recovery At the end of 2019 and in 2020, the country faced a complex situation due to the impacts of a political crisis, which added to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused the national economy to accumulate a drop in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 8.33%, a situation that had a significant impact on social, economic, productive and employment indicators. Thus, Bolivia was immersed in the double challenge of responding to the pandemic while at the same time carrying out a process of economic recovery. The country has great needs for continued financial support from international climate change mechanisms, technology transfer and innovation, and capacity development and strengthening to achieve its goals.","{'text': 'At the end of 2019 and in 2020, the country faced a complex situation due to the impacts of a political crisis, which added to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused the national economy to accumulate a drop in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 8.33%, a situation that had a significant impact on social, economic, productive and employment indicators.', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
568,NZL,New Zealand,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/New%20Zealand%20NDC%20November%202021.pdf,"The Government Investment in Decarbonising Industry Fund (GIDI) provides funding to support the adoption of energy efficiency and fuel switching to renewable technologies in industry, including electrification and bioenergy. It aims to accelerate industrial heat decarbonisation to catalyse adoption of low-emission technologies, and to contribute to the COVID-19 recovery. The Clean Car Discount will support New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles by addressing their high upfront cost through incentives. From 1 January 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in New Zealand, to discourage purchase. The Clean Car Standard will be implemented in 2022 and support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles.","{'text': 'The Government Investment in Decarbonising Industry Fund (GIDI) provides funding to support the adoption of energy efficiency and fuel switching to renewable technologies in industry, including electrification and bioenergy. It aims to accelerate industrial heat decarbonisation to catalyse adoption of low-emission technologies, and to contribute to the COVID-19 recovery', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
569,JPN,Japan,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/JAPAN_FIRST%20NDC%20(INTERIM-UPDATED%20SUBMISSION).pdf,"Nonetheless, as a nation which underpins manufacturing in the world, Japan is ready to demonstrate its leadership for world-wide decarbonization by defining a top-level ambitious target befitting to a next growth strategy. In promoting implementation of global warming countermeasures, Japan aims to advancepolicy measures to contribute to integrated improvement in environment, economy and society, by utilizing local resources, technological innovation and ingenuity, which could also provide solutions for challenges including economic vitalization, job creation and region-specific problems in the country. In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.","{'text': 'In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
570,JPN,Japan,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/JAPAN_FIRST%20NDC%20(INTERIM-UPDATED%20SUBMISSION).pdf,"In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system. Based on the declaration for net-zero by 2050, Japan will strongly promote the “re-design” of its economy and society to make it sustainable and resilient, through accelerating the three types of transitions, namely towards “a decarbonized society,” “a circular economy” and “a decentralized society.” (b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity. Japan’s target is highly transparent and concrete, as it has been drawn up by accumulating concrete policies and measures for major sectors with clear breakdowns.","{'text': 'In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
571,JPN,Japan,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/JAPAN_FIRST%20NDC%20(UPDATED%20SUBMISSION).pdf,"Nonetheless, as a nation which underpins manufacturing in the world, Japan is ready to demonstrate its leadership for world-wide decarbonization by defining a top-levelambitious target befitting to a next growth strategy. In promoting implementation of global warming countermeasures, Japan aims to advance policy measures to contribute to integrated improvement in environment, economy and society, by utilizing local resources, technological innovation and ingenuity, which could also provide solutions for challenges including economic vitalization, job creation and region-specific problems in the country. In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.","{'text': 'In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
572,JPN,Japan,Updated NDC,Y_General,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/JAPAN_FIRST%20NDC%20(UPDATED%20SUBMISSION).pdf,"In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system. Based on the declaration for net-zero by 2050, Japan will strongly promote the “re-design” of its economy and society to make it sustainable and resilient, through accelerating the three types of transitions, namely towards “a decarbonized society,” “a circular economy” and “a decentralized society.” (b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity; Japan’s target is highly transparent and concrete, as it has been drawn up by accumulating concrete policies and measures for major sectors with clear breakdowns.","{'text': 'In light of the recognition that we are living in a major turning point of the era, what is required is not to simply return to the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, but to realize a transformation to a sustainable and resilient social system.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
573,AUS,Australia,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf,"Historically over 70 percent of Australia’s bilateral and regional climate finance is focused on climate resilience and adaptation, reflecting key priorities for our region. Australia’s new National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy sets out what the Australian Government will do to support efforts across all levels of government, business and the community, to better anticipate, manage and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The Strategy sets out three interlinked objectives to ensure Australians can better protect our natural assets, build community resilience and generate economic opportunities. The Strategy also sets the path to deeper cooperation with our Indo-Pacific and international partners, and the global community. By working together, we can share our expertise and experience to better target our investments and the maximise benefits.","{'text': 'Australia’s new National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy sets out what the Australian Government will do to support efforts across all levels of government, business and the community, to better anticipate, manage and adapt to the impacts of climate change.', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
574,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation. Encourage the international community to bring ocean transport decarbonisation technologies to scale; • By 2023, finalise a policy and targets on reducing GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport (passenger-, cargo- and tourist- vessels, ports, fuel storage, supply chains, logistics), based on a detailed feasibility assessment; • Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, so as to make this mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs; • By 2050, fully replace all residual thermal vehicles (gasoline/diesel) for Electric Vehicles (EV); • Implement the NAMA “Promotion of EV in Cabo Verde"" and the Electric Mobility Action Plan involving: • By 2025, establish the procurement rules for the acquisition of 100% EV by institutional entities and have at least 50% of EV in the new acquisition of urban collective transport (see table 5 below); • Gradually install of a wide-reaching network of recharging stations, with priority to public, collective, grouped charging stations at bus/taxi/company stations benefiting the greatest number of users,Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) complemented by private stations; starting in the main urban centers of Cabo Verde and along strategic road corridors; • By 2030, the national public recharge infrastructure is fully implemented; • By 2030, the public administration’s vehicle fleet is fully electrified.","{'text': 'develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation. Encourage the international community to bring ocean transport decarbonisation technologies to scale', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
575,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection. In this context, the Government will promote incorporating the consideration of environmental load reduction into regional public transportation plans based on the revised Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020). In cooperation with urban development, it is necessary to promote the use of transportation systems with low CO2 emissions, such as LRT (Light Rail Transit23), BRT (Bus Rail Transit24), EV and FCV.","{'text': 'Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020)', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
576,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"At the same time, based on Bicycle Use Promotion Act (Law No. 113 of 2016), which clearly states that the degree of dependence on automobiles in transportation should be reduced, it is necessary to promote the use of bicycles by increasing bicycle sharing for commuting purposes. In light of the fact that truck transportation accounts for approx. 80% of domestic freight transportation, and that CO2 emissions from trucks (total of commercial and private use) account for approx. 7% of Japan s total CO2 emissions, it is a challenge to improve the efficiency in freight transportation and to shift to the mode of transportation with a lower CO2 emission intensity. The shipping, aviation, and railway sectors account for approx.","{'text': 'based on Bicycle Use Promotion Act (Law No. 113 of 2016), which clearly states that the degree of dependence on automobiles in transportation should be reduced, it is necessary to promote the use of bicycles by increasing bicycle sharing for commuting purposes.', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
577,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In addition, based on the progress in the development and diffusion of technologies to reduce the price of hydrogen and synthetic fuels, etc., the Government will set a target for the diffusion of electrified vehicles in 2040.” In this context, in order to promote the spread of electrified vehicles, the Government will promote cost reduction and convenience improvement, including the use of fuel efficiency regulations and stable supply of inexpensive renewable energy, etc. In addition to measures for vehicles alone, it is important to organically link and integrate electrified vehicles with various social systems in local regions, in response to the electrification of vehicles and with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy.","{'text': 'with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
578,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In addition to measures for vehicles alone, it is important to organically link and integrate electrified vehicles with various social systems in local regions, in response to the electrification of vehicles and with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy. In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc.","{'text': 'with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
579,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will also promote the lowcarbonization of logistics facilities, the practical application of drone logistics, and the further promotion of modal shift.- 43 - g. Decarbonization of railways In the railway sector, as energy-efficient rolling stocks, such as lightweight rolling stock and rolling stock equipped with VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency control) equipment33 , as well as advanced energy-saving devices, have been introduced, these efforts will be further continued. The Government will also promote the development of fuel-cell railway vehicles that use hydrogen as their fuel. At the same time, the Government will improve the introduction of solar power generation that utilizes railway facilities. h. Decarbonization of the shipping sector The Government will formulate a roadmap for promoting greener coastal shipping by the end of 2021 to achieve carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'The Government will formulate a roadmap for promoting greener coastal shipping by the end of 2021 to achieve carbon neutrality', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
580,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"h. Decarbonization of the shipping sector The Government will formulate a roadmap for promoting greener coastal shipping by the end of 2021 to achieve carbon neutrality. Based on the roadmap, the Government will promote developing and spreading greener ships to improve ship operation in cooperation with all stakeholders concerned such as shippers, and “visualize” energy efficiency and CO2 emission reduction performance of ships by the rating system for energy efficiency of coastal ships. At the same time, the Government will promote development, demonstration, and introduction of ships that contribute to the modernization of coastal shipping and the improvement of ship operation, utilizing innovative energy-saving technologies and digital technologies, including LNG-fueled ships34 and ships with hydrogen fuel systems or battery propulsion systems.","{'text': 'The Government will formulate a roadmap for promoting greener coastal shipping by the end of 2021 to achieve carbon neutrality', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
581,JPN,Japan,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will address comprehensively to transform the urban structure, such as ways of living and land usage considering mitigation and adaptation measures, with public-private partnership. The Government will promote compact cities, the creation of spaces that are ""Comfortable and Walkable"" by combining with the Improving Pedestrian Convenience Road System (Hokomichi) and comfort improvement zones, and the measures and projects based on the Comprehensive Urban and Regional Transportation Strategy. Furthermore, the Government will comprehensively promote the area decarbonization in cities through facilitating area-wide energy networks, developing and preserving parks and green spaces as carbon sinks, using digital technology, and mobilizing private finance by supporting private- 58 - urban development that are environmentally friendly to revitalize urban areas, and enhancing the social implementation of smart cities.","{'text': 'Comprehensive Urban and Regional Transportation Strategy', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
582,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Tout en reconnaissant qu’au vu des connaissances actuelles et des technologies disponibles l’électromobilité alimentée par les seules énergies renouvelables n’est pas forcément la solution pour tous les types de véhicules, le Luxembourg poursuit une feuille de route ambitieuse qui table sur une électrification de près de la moitié du parc automobile d’ici 2030. En effet, l’objectif retenu dans le PNEC correspond à une part de 49% de véhicules électriques (tout électrique et hybride rechargeable) du parc automobile en 2030156. La diffusion des véhicules électriques au Luxembourg dépend bien entendu de l’évolution plus ou moins rapide du marché automobile international, mais aussi de mesures nationales de promotion et de mise en place de l’infrastructure de recharge adéquate.","{'text': 'En effet, l’objectif retenu dans le PNEC correspond à une part de 49% de véhicules électriques (tout électrique et hybride rechargeable) du parc automobile en 2030', 'answer_start': 53}",fr-FR,What development of national plans are planned?
583,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Under this set of regulations, the EU has set efforts to reduce its overall 1990 emission levels by 20% up to the year 2020, by 55%3 by 2030 and be climate neutral4 by the year 2050. More specifically, Malta also has its own targets in terms of the Effort Sharing Decision (Decision No 406/2009/EC of 23 April 2009; ESD), committing to control GHG emission growth to no more than 5% of 2005 levels by 2020, and the Effort Sharing Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the 30 May 2018; ESR). This Strategy will help in reaching the latter target and fulfilling our obligations in terms of the EU and Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Malta also has its own targets in terms of the Effort Sharing Decision (Decision No 406/2009/EC of 23 April 2009; ESD), committing to control GHG emission growth to no more than 5% of 2005 levels by 2020, and the Effort Sharing Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the 30 May 2018; ESR).', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
584,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"In order to fulfil this Malta is bound by EU legally binding targets. Malta also adopted its Climate Action Act (2015) and a Climate Emergency Resolution (2019) which provide nationally binding legal obligations for coherent and coordinated governance to deal with the climate crisis. The Paris Agreement is the first-ever universal, legally binding global CC agreement. It sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous CC by limiting global heating to well below 2°C and to actively pursue the ambition to limit the increase to below 1.5 degrees Celsius. It does this by planning for low carbon development, increasing resilience and ability to adapt, improving ability to live with the adverse impacts of CC, and by making financial flows consistent with resilient and low carbon development trajectories.","{'text': 'Malta also adopted its Climate Action Act (2015) and a Climate Emergency Resolution (2019) which provide nationally binding legal obligations for coherent and coordinated governance to deal with the climate crisis.', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
585,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"With this Low Carbon Development Strategy, Government wants to continue gaining ground and set a strategic direction for the next 30 years, with a set of measures where economic growth is decoupled from natural resource use and environmental pressures. The strategy, in combination with other national strategies and plans such as the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), the Long Term Renovation Strategy (LTRS), and the Long Term Waste Management Plan, will ensure carbon emissions reductions across the main sectors of the Maltese economy, in line with the EU climate neutrality ambition set by the European Green Deal and in line with our Paris Agreement goals.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
586,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The strategy, in combination with other national strategies and plans such as the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), the Long Term Renovation Strategy (LTRS), and the Long Term Waste Management Plan, will ensure carbon emissions reductions across the main sectors of the Maltese economy, in line with the EU climate neutrality ambition set by the European Green Deal and in line with our Paris Agreement goals. Conserving energy and reducing emissions from transport, buildings, industry, waste disposal, water generation, and the sector of agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) represents a winning conflict resolution to climate change mitigation - decreasing the demand for energy generation and unsustainable resources and methods will pay end-consumers and beneficiaries, whilst also resulting in a reduction in carbon emissions.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
587,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Let us build back better. Aaron Farrugia Minister for the Environment, Climate Change and PlanningMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy List of AbbreviationsMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy AD Anaerobic Digestor Bln Billion CC Climate Change CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbines CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon Dioxide CO eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CPD Civil Protection Department DR Discount Rate EC European Commission EE Energy Efficiency/ Efficient EfW Energy-from-Waste ERA Environment and Resource Authority ETS Emission Trading Schemes EU European Union EV Electric Vehicle EWA Energy and Water Agency FDI Foreign Direct Investment GHG Greenhouse Gas GHGE Greenhouse Gas Emission GwH Gigawatt Hour HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons ICE Internal Combustion Engine IM Infrastructure Malta Kt Kiloton Ktoe Kilotonnes of Oil Equivalent kWh Kilowatt-hourMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar Water Heaters SWHP Solar Water Heat Pumps TM Transport Malta ton A short ton, equal to 2,000 U.S. pounds tonne A metric ton, equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 pounds) UM University of Malta UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change US United States W Watts WCMP 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan for the Maltese Islands Wp Watt PeakTemporary spacer page Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyExecutive SummaryMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Climate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon which is posing enormous and growing threats and challenges on a daily basis, especially on small island states like Malta1.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 219}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
588,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Aaron Farrugia Minister for the Environment, Climate Change and PlanningMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy List of AbbreviationsMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy AD Anaerobic Digestor Bln Billion CC Climate Change CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbines CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon Dioxide CO eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CPD Civil Protection Department DR Discount Rate EC European Commission EE Energy Efficiency/ Efficient EfW Energy-from-Waste ERA Environment and Resource Authority ETS Emission Trading Schemes EU European Union EV Electric Vehicle EWA Energy and Water Agency FDI Foreign Direct Investment GHG Greenhouse Gas GHGE Greenhouse Gas Emission GwH Gigawatt Hour HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons ICE Internal Combustion Engine IM Infrastructure Malta Kt Kiloton Ktoe Kilotonnes of Oil Equivalent kWh Kilowatt-hourMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar Water Heaters SWHP Solar Water Heat Pumps TM Transport Malta ton A short ton, equal to 2,000 U.S. pounds tonne A metric ton, equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 pounds) UM University of Malta UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change US United States W Watts WCMP 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan for the Maltese Islands Wp Watt PeakTemporary spacer page Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyExecutive SummaryMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Climate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon which is posing enormous and growing threats and challenges on a daily basis, especially on small island states like Malta1. It is no longer a matter of ‘if’ CC will happen, but rather of ‘when’, ‘at which intensity’ and ‘where it will hit worst’.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 214}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
589,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The below explanation will firstly set out the existing policies in the NECP (which covers till 2030), and then consideration is given to the longer-term period out to 2050. Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan Solar PV (terrestrial)Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy „ According to the NECP, the technical limitation on the roll out of solar PV will be reached by 2030 – c. 9,127 new PV systems by 2030 will enable Malta to reach the 11.5% target share of RES in gross final energy consumption (by 2030) . The NECP also points out that this technical limitation should be reviewed on a 5 yearly basis to assess further potential expansion of solar PV as technologies and/or understanding of the technical limitations evolve.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
590,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"In this area, the NECP also indicates a plan to develop a tunnel between Malta and Gozo which is assumed to reduce the requirement for gasoil used in internal navigation by around 50%. 2.6.2.2. General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan Under a business-as-usual scenario, it is anticipated that transport in Malta will continue to be dominated by private car use in the absence of alternatives such as mass transit as well as coupled to the travel patterns and needs of the population. In this regard, the LCDS is aimed to build on the NECP and existing transport strategies, to bring about a more significant shift away from private car use.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
591,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Abatement Potential, tonnes CO2e / year Table 4: Buildings Measures Abatement Potential 2.6.3.2. General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan In line with the policy initiatives referred to earlier, the following is a list of measures that are being proposed to support the abatement of GHG emissions from the buildings sector in Malta (split between residential and non-residential buildings), which fall under the three packages of EE and renovation measures outlined above: „ Residential: o Improved EE appliances o Installing roof insulation o Increased use of LED lighting „ Non-residential (offices, government buildings, other non-residential): o Installing roof insulation Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy o Increased use of LED lighting o Increased use of automated lighting o Increased EE office/ IT equipment The nature of the changes required under these measures are mostly captured, to varying extents, by the policy initiatives set out in the NECP and the LTRS.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
592,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan In line with the policy initiatives referred to earlier, the following is a list of measures that are being proposed to support the abatement of GHG emissions from the buildings sector in Malta (split between residential and non-residential buildings), which fall under the three packages of EE and renovation measures outlined above: „ Residential: o Improved EE appliances o Installing roof insulation o Increased use of LED lighting „ Non-residential (offices, government buildings, other non-residential): o Installing roof insulation Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy o Increased use of LED lighting o Increased use of automated lighting o Increased EE office/ IT equipment The nature of the changes required under these measures are mostly captured, to varying extents, by the policy initiatives set out in the NECP and the LTRS. The update of these measures, and hence the ambition, can be increased further by increasing the scope of the specific policy instruments - for example, by increasing the overall grant allocation available in a given year or by adjusting the threshold to cover a larger number of consumers.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
593,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Table 7 details the abatement potential calculated to arise as a result of putting in place the package of measures under the LCDS. The data shows that the potential abatement is very modest compared to other sectors. Nevertheless, implementation of this package of measures results in a net cost saving in 2050.Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy Abatement Potential, tonnes CO2e / year Table 7: Water Measures Abatement Potential 2.6.6.2. General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan Reduction in water use from behaviour change The 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan (WCMP), which covers the period from 2015 – 202118, includes an educational project measure involving the development of a long-term national water conservation campaign.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
594,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan Reduction in water use from behaviour change The 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan (WCMP), which covers the period from 2015 – 202118, includes an educational project measure involving the development of a long-term national water conservation campaign. This campaign aims for a reduction of 5% of municipal demand, equal to a water saving of 1 million m³19. The plan also includes a supporting measure involving a specific campaign targeting education activities at schools. In September 2019, EWA launched this national water conservation campaign titled Water – Be the Change20.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
595,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Implementation of this package of measures will come at a net cost in 2050, that is, over the long- term time horizon of the LCDS. Investment costs would also need to be incurred at the start of the measures’ implementation. Abatement Potential, tonnes CO2e / year Table 8: Agriculture Measures Abatement Potential 2.6.7.3. Agriculture - General overview of policies, existing plans and measures for decarbonisation Policy developed - National Energy and Climate Plan Modification of ruminant diets There are other additional measures which could be considered beyond 2030 to further reduce emissions from enteric fermentation. One such measure is the modification of ruminant diets in the dairy and beef sectors, including through: „ improving the digestibility of forage; „ using high-fat diets; and „ using nitrate as a feed additive.","{'text': 'National Energy and Climate Plan', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
596,MLT,Malta,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"This can be done through grants and other instruments that bridge the cost differential between technologies as well as ensuring infrastructure is adapted to the uptake of EVs. In this respect, a draft national strategy for EV charging infrastructure has been launched which looks at the installation of charging facilities at multiple venues - publically, at home, en route and at the final destination. Education and information on the technology and its use (e.g.","{'text': 'a draft national strategy for EV charging infrastructure has been launched which looks at the installation of charging facilities at multiple venues - publically, at home, en route and at the final destination.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
597,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"Several Namibian banks, including the Namibia Development Bank and NedBank, have shown strong interest in investing in climate-smart projects. A growing community of development partners, private sector and government institutions is pulling together behind for the need to address climate impacts to achieve global climate goals.5 Namibia has embraced the NDC Partnership’s integrated planning process to strengthen coordination, resource mobilisation and transparency on NDC implementation. 1.5 Namibia’s Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Policy and Planning 1.5.1 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation activities Namibia developed a national climate change strategy and action plan for the period 2013-2020, with two mitigation themes: sustainable energy and prioritized low carbon development, and transportation.","{'text': 'Namibia developed a national climate change strategy and action plan for the period 2013-2020, with two mitigation themes: sustainable energy and prioritized low carbon development, and transportation.', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
598,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"1.5 Namibia’s Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Policy and Planning 1.5.1 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation activities Namibia developed a national climate change strategy and action plan for the period 2013-2020, with two mitigation themes: sustainable energy and prioritized low carbon development, and transportation. Namibia has placed more focus on adaptation that is currently implemented under four key critical themes, that is, food security and sustainable biological resources; sustainable water resources base; human health and wellbeing; and infrastructure development. Namibia has placed more focus on adaptation that is currently implemented under four key critical themes, that is, food security and sustainable biological resources; sustainable water resources base; human health and wellbeing; and infrastructure development.","{'text': 'Namibia developed a national climate change strategy and action plan for the period 2013-2020, with two mitigation themes: sustainable energy and prioritized low carbon development, and transportation.', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
599,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"The NCCSAP will be replaced by the NDC Implementation Strategy and Action Plan for 2021-2030. This document will clarify national goals and objectives regarding climate change and lay out a plan for implementing, reporting and monitoring a series of priority activities to implement the updated NDC. 1.4 Status of the NDC process in Namibia The present existing structure for the implementation of climate change activities consists of a multi-sectoral NCCC which oversees the implementation and coordination of sector-specific and cross-sectoral NDC activities while also providing advice and guidance on them. The NCCC reports to Cabinet through the NPC while the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Economics, Natural Resources and Public Administration advises Cabinet on relevant policy matters for the INDC also3.","{'text': 'The NCCSAP will be replaced by the NDC Implementation Strategy and Action Plan for 2021-2030. This document will clarify national goals and objectives regarding climate change and lay out a plan for implementing, reporting and monitoring a series of priority activities to implement the updated NDC', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
600,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation. • Ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network is reliable, accessible, and meets the demands of all motorists. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. • Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles.","{'text': 'Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
601,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users. We have already announced £1.3 billion of investment to accelerate the rollout of charging infrastructure on motorways, on streets, in homes and workplaces. The Government has committed an additional £620 million of funding to support the transition to electric vehicles. Further details will be published in due course. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back GreenerSmart Charging Amir is self-employed and uses a van for work. His work involves a lot of journeys locally, totalling around 250-300 miles per week. He usually plugs into charge every few evenings, with his vehicle fully charged by the morning.","{'text': 'Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it.', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
602,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The remaining emissions in domestic shipping, road transport, rail, and domestic aviation contribute a combined further 2. We must deliver a step change in the breadth and scale of our ambitions and, to this end, in July 2021 we published our world leading Transport Decarbonisation Plan. This covered all areas of transport and set out an ambitious but deliverable pathway to reaching net zero and delivering against carbon budgets along the way. The pathway we have set out is not about stopping people from doing things. Rather, it’s about doing the same things differently. We want to be a world leader in green technologies, and encourage more sustainable travel choices. 3. Removing tailpipe emissions from road transport is a clear priority and we must continue the progress we have made to date.","{'text': ', in July 2021 we published our world leading Transport Decarbonisation Plan', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
603,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Removing tailpipe emissions from road transport is a clear priority and we must continue the progress we have made to date. We have expanded our commitments in this area and will set ambitious but achievable phase out dates for every type of road vehicle. Alongside the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we published the 2035 Delivery Plan outlining the key timelines, milestones, and progress towards the Ten Point Plan commitment to accelerate the shift to zero emission vehicles. 4. There are now over 600,000 plug-in electric vehicles in the UK. In September 2021, more than one in five new cars sold had a plug. Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020.","{'text': 'Alongside the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we published the 2035 Delivery Plan outlining the key timelines, milestones, and progress towards the Ten Point Plan commitment to accelerate the shift to zero emission vehicles', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
604,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. Rail is already the greenest form of motorised transport, with almost 38% of the network electrified and significantly more to come as set out in the Great British Railways White Paper in May. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyNet zero transition and economic opportunities Our 2050 vision and how we get there 5. Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050, serving the unique needs of its communities. Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up.","{'text': 'For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
605,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. Rail is already the greenest form of motorised transport, with almost 38% of the network electrified and significantly more to come as set out in the Great British Railways White Paper in May. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyNet zero transition and economic opportunities Our 2050 vision and how we get there 5. Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050, serving the unique needs of its communities. Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up.","{'text': 'Great British Railways White Paper in May', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
606,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.","{'text': 'The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
607,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The government launched the Green Jobs Taskforce, to advise the government, industry and the skills sector on the action required to deliver the jobs and skills required for the net zero transition. Our approach on green jobs and skills is set out in the Green Jobs, Skills and Industries chapter of the Net Zero Strategy. 13. Decarbonising transport will also help achieve other benefits: • It will improve health by removing a source of air pollution.","{'text': 'Our approach on green jobs and skills is set out in the Green Jobs, Skills and Industries chapter of the Net Zero Strategy', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
608,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Hydrogen in a decarbonised transport system 50. We expanded the RTFO to incentivise the use of renewable hydrogen in maritime and rail in 2018. As set out clearly in the recent Hydrogen Strategy and Transport Decarbonisation Plan, hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in transport applications, particularly where energy density requirements or refuelling times make it the most suitable low carbon energy source. Our dedicated hydrogen R&D funding and support is focussed on heavier applications, such as rail, maritime, aviation and heavy road freight, where hydrogen offers in-use advantages and the largest global market potential. The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe.","{'text': 'Hydrogen Strategy and Transport Decarbonisation Plan, hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in transport applications,', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
609,USA,United States of America,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"Globally, this is the moment for all the world’s major economies to act to rapidly reduce emissions to meet ambitious 2030 NDC targets and to develop and communicate strategies to achieve ambitious 2050 net-zero goals.FOUR COMPONENTS OF U.S. REPORTING ON CLIMATE ACTIONS AND STRATEGY 1. The U.S. National Climate Strategy details how we will deliver our U.S. NDC for 2030 [2]. It focuses on the immediate policies and actions that will put America on track to reduce emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels in 2030 and put in place the technology and infrastructure necessary to achieve net-zero emissions no later than 2050. 2.","{'text': 'The U.S. National Climate Strategy details how we will deliver our U.S. NDC for 2030', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
610,BRB,Barbados,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf,"The MED has coordinative oversight of the NCCC and the implementation of the NCCPF. Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5°C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)”.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives.","{'text': 'National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors', 'answer_start': 208}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
611,BRB,Barbados,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf,"Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5°C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)”.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives. To accompany all of these actions, GOB is also taking steps to put systems and processes in place to institutionalise a formal monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system to track national emissions and the impact of specific mitigation actions.","{'text': 'National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors', 'answer_start': 194}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
612,NOR,Norway,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"A few municipalities, including Hamar and the cities of Bergen and Oslo, have in addition established local carbon budgets, and municipal bodies report on progress towards targets. The Norwegian Environment Agency provides guidance, draws up greenhouse gas emission statistics for municipalities and counties, and has developed a tool for calculating the effects of different mitigation measures on emissions. The transport sector will be important in Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society. The white paper Norwegian National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (Meld. St. 33 (2016–2017)) sets out the financial framework for central government investments in the transport sector. It is intended to bring about reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector that are consistent with Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society, and to reduce other adverse environmental impacts.","{'text': 'The transport sector will be important in Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society. The white paper Norwegian National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (Meld. St. 33 (2016–2017)) sets out the financial framework for central government investments in the transport sector.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
613,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
614,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"Samoa 2040 focuses on Samoa’s growth, particularly in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Other key documents include the Samoa Climate Change Policy 2020, the National Environment Sector Plan 2017-2021, the Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 (2017), the Energy Management Act (2020), the Transport Sector Plan 2013-2018 (2013), and the Agriculture Sector Plan 2016-2020 (ASP), as well as the National Policy for Gender Equality 2021-2031 (2021) and the Inclusive Governance Policy 2021-2031 (2021). A full list of key sectorial plans and strategies is included in Appendix A. 61 According to the FAO, the area of land used for agriculture in Samoa in 2018 was approximately 75,700 ha. Data on land use is recorded on the FAO’s FAOSTAT database, available at: Accessed on 26 May, 2021.","{'text': 'the Transport Sector Plan 2013-2018 (2013),', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
615,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"In 2018 the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) for 2018 to 2050 was launched (DoT, 2018). The GTS provides the strategic direction for the transport sector regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, the contribution of transport to the green economy and the promotion of sustainable mobility. The Strategy aims to support reductions in the contribution of the transport sector to national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% by 2050.","{'text': 'In 2018 the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) for 2018 to 2050 was launched (DoT, 2018). The GTS provides the strategic direction for the transport sector regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, the contribution of transport to the green economy and the promotion of sustainable mobility. The Strategy aims to support reductions in the contribution of the transport sector to national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
616,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3.","{'text': 'The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo.', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
617,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"To strengthen capacity, Suriname will scope and implement a national research, development and innovation program, and strengthen agricultural research. One priority area of research is to identify, trial and introduce more permanent agricultural systems to replace traditional shifting cultivation methods. Transport: An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Suriname commits to introduce by 2027 vehicle emissions controls and tighten import to vehicles less than five years old, in order to reduce emissions under this NDC.","{'text': 'The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo.', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
618,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Human Settlements was selected as a cross-cutting sector with significant contributions to GHG emissions and broader development objectives. GHG Emissions (in Gg) Share in total GHG emissions Source: Government of Tonga (2019) 1.3 Narrative description of relevant legal and institutional frameworks The Government of Tonga is a global leader in developing a suite of policies and plans that integrate climate change and sustainable development. The LT-LEDS is no different; drawing on and aligning with the following key executive and legislative mandates, laws, and publications2: Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS.","{'text': 'Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
619,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LT-LEDS is no different; drawing on and aligning with the following key executive and legislative mandates, laws, and publications2: Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS. It seeks ‘A more progressive Tonga supporting a higher quality of life for all’ through seven national outcomes: knowledge-based economy; balanced urban and rural development across island groups; empowering human development with gender equality; responsive good-governance with law and order; successful provision and maintenance of infrastructure and technology; effective land administration, environment management, and resilience to climate and risk; and consistent advancement of our external interests, security and sovereignty. Tonga Climate Change Policy (TCCP, 2016) intends to make Tonga climate- resilient by 2035 and enhance mitigation efforts.","{'text': 'Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
620,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Tonga Climate Change Policy (TCCP, 2016) intends to make Tonga climate- resilient by 2035 and enhance mitigation efforts. Its vision is for ‘A Tonga that is resilient to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disaster risks, and is able to protect and safeguard its present and future citizens.’ It seeks to achieve this through three strategic goals: strengthened integrated risk management to enhance climate and disaster resilience; low carbon development; and strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery specific targets. Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP.","{'text': 'Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
621,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP. Its mission is ‘To develop a resilient Tonga through an inclusive, participatory approach that is based on good governance, builds knowledgeable, proactive communications and supports a strong, sustainable development pathway.’ Its guiding principles were replicated in the LT-LEDS process, including ‘A holistic, multi-faceted, multi-sectoral approach’ and an ‘Integrated approach to adaptation and mitigation’. The JNAP Technical Working Groups provided oversight to the LT-LEDS process (see Annex B for more detail). Third National Communication on Climate Change Report (TNC, 2019) updates the information and inventory of Tonga’s Second National Communication.","{'text': 'Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
622,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Estimates suggest a total of approximately 200 million vehicle kilometres travelled per year, which translates into almost 2,300 vehicle kilometres travelled per capita (GoT and UNCTCN, 2018). Under a business as usual scenario, an average annual growth rate of 2.4 percent for vehicle kilometres travelled during the period 2016-2050 is projected, translating into an equal growth in fuel consumption from road transport (TEEMP, 2020; UNCTCN, 2018). In general there is a preference for car usage over motorbike, cycling and walking and a lack of infrastructure for non- motorised transport. Congestion on the main roads of Nuku’alofa is a concern. One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.","{'text': 'One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
623,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector.","{'text': 'One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
624,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector.","{'text': 'The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
625,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector. The Ports Authority Tonga (PAT) Business Plan 2019–2024, also has, amongst its aims, the promotion of sustainable growth and a sustainable environment.","{'text': 'The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
626,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"It involves expanded adoption of EVs to the public, including different types of light duty EVs (cars, bikes, minivans, etc.). Supporting asset and capacity measures: Introduction of national EV regulations and standards - to ensure safety and good quality, introduction of regulations and standards for battery management and disposal, alignment of incentives for tax/duties/tariffs with the different stakeholders (car dealers, consumers and TPL), provide rebates for EV purchasers and for charging station set-up, create special parking spaces reserved for EVs and the option of a shared EV scheme may also be explored. These initiatives would start with studies to determine which EV and charging technologies to focus on and the optimal design and implementation of incentives schemes. An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.","{'text': 'An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
627,TON,Tonga,LTS,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy. This strategy will be ready as a first draft in November 2021 and will inform interventions for low emission development in the maritime sector. It can therefore complement actions focused on the land Transport sector, as laid out in this LT-LEDS. A further specific action for maritime transport is the implementation of ferry transportation across the Fanga’uta Lagoon. This would involve the public leaving their vehicles behind and using the lagoon ferry to travel to Nuku’alofa instead of driving. The ferry could be electric - an option that could be explored in future.","{'text': 'An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
628,TTO,Trinidad and Tobago,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20Final%20INDC.pdf,"The Government of Trinidad and Tobago has recognised the importance of addressing climate change both from a mitigation and adaptation perspective and is committed to playing its part as a responsible member of the global community, and as a signatory to the UNFCCC, to making efforts to achieve the objective of the UNFCCC, regardless of the quantum of emissions on a global scale. Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC.","{'text': 'National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
629,TTO,Trinidad and Tobago,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20Final%20INDC.pdf,"Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC. Trinidad and Tobago already produces all of its electricity from natural gas and is working towards achieving greater efficiency through combined cycle generation at all its power plants. This sector would therefore be at the edge of low carbon emissions with renewable energy being the next stage for reducing emissions even further.","{'text': 'National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
630,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"Uzbekistan pursues a targeted policy aimed at mitigating climate change, and an energy-efficiency policy in key sectors of the economy plays a decisive role in this. The country has defined ""Reducing the energy intensity of GDP by almost twofold through wide implementation of advanced energy-saving technologies"" as one of its development targets for the period of up to 2030 in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212.","{'text': 'Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
631,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212. The Strategy provides for the reduction of energy and resource intensity of the economy, widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies in production, increased use of renewable energy sources, which will help reduce GHG emissions; adoption of measures to mitigate the adverse impact of global climate change and the drying up of the Aral Sea on agricultural development and livelihoods of the population. In 2017, with the aim of addressing systemic problems, increasing the efficiency of public administration, as well as implementing the tasks identified in this Strategy, an administrative reform was initiated.","{'text': 'Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
632,VEN,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of",Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf,"Es una de las redes más desarrolladas de América Latina. La densidad de la vialidad es más alta en la región centro-norte del país, donde se concentra la mayoría de la población. Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.","{'text': 'Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.', 'answer_start': 32}",es-ES,What development of national plans are planned?
633,VEN,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of",Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf,"Sector Transporte Terrestre - Trolebús Mérida, C.A. -Tromerca Política Pública Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento.","{'text': 'Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento.', 'answer_start': 10}",es-ES,What development of national plans are planned?
634,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"In 2021, the US Federal Aviation Authority approved a $37 million grant to rehabilitate the airport in Yap. Similar funding will also be sought for such improvements at the other FSM airports. This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years.","{'text': 'This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
635,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"However international support will be essential to ensure success in implementing the strategies, plans and actions for low GHG development. Strategies, plans and actions for low GHG emission development While the basis of our mitigation efforts rests on conserving our forests as carbon sinks, managing the growing emissions as a result of economic development will be through priority strategies, plans and actions for mitigation to support a low emission development pathway. These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies.","{'text': 'Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
636,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies. The gases covered include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide as they were shown to be the priority gases in our second national communication. 1.","{'text': 'Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
637,GEO,Georgia,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf,They are expected to be a basis for subsequent larger-scale mitigation actions for the post-2020 period. These NAMA activities include: Gender-sensitive NAMA for sustainable energy in rural areas; NAMA for Low Carbon Buildings in Georgia; Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector. All above mentioned pre-2020 mitigation actions have been taken into account while calculating the BAU scenario. % of Emissions Covered Planning Process Georgia will support its mitigation target with comprehensive national climate change policy. The first step will be the finalization of the LEDS.,"{'text': 'Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
638,WSM,Samoa,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa%20INDC_Submission%20to%20UNFCCC.pdf,"The transport sector which has the highest sectoral emissions in particular has a regulation in place to restrict emissions from vehicles to a certain level. However enforcement has not been possible due to a lack of technical capacity, technological capacity and financial resources. Enforcement of this regulation will have significant impact on reducing emissions from this sector. 4 The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA) was developed to identify key sectors with immediate adaption needs.","{'text': 'The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA)', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
639,MKD,The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Submission_Republic_of_Macedonia_20150805144001_135181.pdf,"Further coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, as the institution responsible for climate change, is required, as well as appropriate harmonization of the strategic and legislative solutions in the energy field with the strategic and legislative solutions for climate action. In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders.","{'text': 'Transport Sector Strategy', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
640,MKD,The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,1st NDC,P_National,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Submission_Republic_of_Macedonia_20150805144001_135181.pdf,"In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics: - Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for development of mitigation scenarios with existing and with additional measuresEquity and ambition (comparison with other European countries) emissions per GDP Year OECD Europe Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Мacedonia WOM Мacedonia WEM Маcedonia WAM Emissions kg CO2 emissions per GDP of the Republic of Macedonia are similar to the figures of Bulgaria and Estonia.","{'text': 'Transport Sector Strategy', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What development of national plans are planned?
641,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Increase in the production of renewable energy (bioenergy, water, wind, solar) by 60% from 2020 to 2030. Increase of primary energy generation from renewable sources to 49–67% by 2050. Change in land use to meet the competing demands of housing development, food production, livestock farming, bioenergy, biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Industry emissions are 70–90% lower in 2050 than in 2010. Substantial emission reductions need to be achieved for transport and buildings by 2050. This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).","{'text': 'lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
642,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking). Even a 1.5°C global temperature increase would have serious consequences, such as: More extreme weather events (such as heat waves, heavy precipitation, and extreme droughts). Negative impacts on ecosystems (up to extinction of species) and in the areas of healthcare, drinking water supply, and food production. A substantial and irreversible rise in the sea level. The effects of climate change on sustainable development, on efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality can be reduced if we limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C instead of 2°C.","{'text': 'lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
643,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"This is to be supplemented by the “creation of suitable economic conditions and target-group specific offerings and measures for freight and passenger traffic”14 together with a supportive legislative framework as a “central requirement for attaining a sustainable and decarbonised 2.4.3.4 Fields of action 2.4.3.4.1 A holistic approach for the transformation of the transport sector The transformation of the transport sector towards decarbonisation can only succeed through a holistic approach16 and an increased level of environmental awareness among all actors involved. In addition to technological innovations and improvements on the supply side, this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them.","{'text': 'this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
644,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"In addition to technological innovations and improvements on the supply side, this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them. The social impacts of various measures must also be taken into account and mitigated by accompanying measures where necessary. The fundamental objective is to shift to clean, climate-friendly modes of transport, improve capacity utilisation in freight and passenger traffic, and avoid traffic. At the same time, a holistic framework for the mobility transformation will be created through consistent investments, supporting conditions and incentives, and continued research and innovation.","{'text': 'this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
645,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
646,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Education,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
647,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Education,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.","{'text': 'Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
648,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Education,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.","{'text': 'Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms.', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
649,FJI,Fiji,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Domestic maritime data collection, storage, and analysis287 X X X X 3 FBoS, MoIT, FRCS, MSAF From 2019 and ongoing to 2050 4-Stroke Engines. Implementation of a national program of transition from 2-stroke to 4-stroke to electric outboard motors X X X X 0.5 -1 MoIT, MoE, FRCS Short-term Demonstration Vessels. An integrated series of ‘proof of concept’ demonstration low carbon government department vessels at various scales from village to inter-island transport. This will be accompanied by GSS 30-year fleet replacement strategy with addition of low carbon vessels over time. X X X X 10 – 100288 GSS, Ministry of Health, Min of Education, MoIT, MSAF, MoE, Police, Navy Short- to medium-term Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition.","{'text': 'Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
650,LVA,Latvia,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"In turn, the approach of changing the lifestyle includes solutions primarily focusing on changing the lifestyle and indirect reductions of GHG emissions by implementing: o extensive measures for informing and educating the public to ensure the awareness and interest of each inhabitant in the advancement towards climate neutrality; o greening of the tax system by adapting the whole tax system so that the general long-term direction of the State would be clear both to the inhabitants and merchants (i.e., so that tax policy would not give contradictory signals), and economic stimuli to choose more environmentally friendly habits and technologies would be created for everyone. • Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment.","{'text': 'ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles', 'answer_start': 236}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
651,LVA,Latvia,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment. More detailed description of action directions is provided further in the text (see Chapter 6).","{'text': 'ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
652,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"A major impediment to more effective action on energy efficiency and on low-carbon transport has been the lack of baseline data on historical and current energy use, and this will be one of the first steps Nauru will take towards establishing greater energy efficiency. Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency• Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund • Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru • Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data • Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff • Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products • Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits • Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters • Increased economic resilience and diversification • Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities • Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport • Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru’s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru’s energy sector.","{'text': 'Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
653,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency• Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund • Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru • Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data • Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff • Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products • Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits • Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters • Increased economic resilience and diversification • Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities • Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport • Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru’s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru’s energy sector. Increased access to affordable and clean energy through the uptake of energy efficient practices and greater deployment of renewable energy.","{'text': 'Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
654,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"National-level R&D is underway for the commercial deployment of hydrogen-powered trains, ships and drones in Korea by 2030. Such advanced future technologies will help achieve carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Managing transportation demand and optimizing vehicle operation Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient. Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.","{'text': 'Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient.', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
655,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.","{'text': 'Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
656,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector. Consider introducing a reduction target for the whole transport sector (whether for 2030 or later) as part of updating this Strategy.2.5.4.1 Current Trends in Reducing Emissions in Agriculture Human activities in the agricultural sector contribute significantly to changes in the concentration of some gases in the atmosphere, namely N2O and CH4 are considered to be the most important gases emitted from agriculture in terms of mitigation and adaptation measures planned to reduce their environmental impact. The largest share of methane emissions is from the category of Enteric Fermentation, which produced 34.42 Gg (76.3%) of methane in the sector in 2016.","{'text': 'Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
657,THA,Thailand,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"In addition, bio-energy with CCS (BECCS) power plant is needed to achieve the 2-degree target in 2050. • Transport sector: The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes, road surface improvement and engine performance improvement. Currently, the proportion of new efficient vehicle fleets is increasing, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. Under Thailand’s LEDS, the transport sector needs to increase the energy efficiency to 68% of total final energy consumption in 2050. Though the share of energy efficiency improvement decreases, the energy consumption in the efficient vehicle increases. Liquid biofuels have been promoted as clean alternative fuels in the transport sector.","{'text': 'The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes,', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
658,CHN,China,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.","{'text': 'encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel,', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
659,CHN,China,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel,', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
660,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"removal of CO2 from the atmosphere through afforestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). This will require considerable areas of land and may have serious adverse impacts on the environment. It is therefore uncertain to what extent it will be practicable or environmentally sound to make large-scale use of CDR. However, this approach may be a necessary part of the solution if cuts in greenhouse gas emissions are not rapid enough. The more quickly the world reduces emissions, the less need there will be for CDR. Behaviour patterns and lifestyle choices are important drivers of emissions globally. A sustainable lifestyle and behavioural patterns, including lower material consumption, a healthy diet and lower demand for transport, will reduce emissions and ease the transition to a low-emission pathway.","{'text': 'Behaviour patterns and lifestyle choices are important drivers of emissions globally. A sustainable lifestyle and behavioural patterns, including lower material consumption, a healthy diet and lower demand for transport, will reduce emissions and ease the transition to a low-emission pathway', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
661,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.","{'text': 'Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
662,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).","{'text': 'Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
663,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.","{'text': 'Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
664,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The transition scenario is intended to serve as a basis for further discussions at the national level. The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong “sector coupling” in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria).","{'text': 'A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
665,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong “sector coupling” in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria). Key results of the 2019 transition scenario The 2017 transition scenario was updated in 2019.","{'text': 'A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
666,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train. • To design programs and incentives to promote the model of compact cities.1.3.3 To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes. • To design and implement walkable city plans in the major urban centers of the country, including intermediate cities. • To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure. • To encourage innovation in the design and implementation of measures that promote sustainability in cities, in both the public and private sector, and in civil society. 1.3.4 To implement demand management measures. • To expand the plate-based vehicular restriction to other urban centers such as Cartago, Heredia, and Alajuela.","{'text': 'To implement demand management measures', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
667,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure. o To encourage innovation in the design and implementation of measures that promote sustainability in cities, in both the public and private sector, and in civil society. 1.3.4. To implement demand management measures. o To expand the plate-based vehicular restriction to other urban centers such as Cartago, Heredia, and Alajuela. o To promote the development of parking policies on public roads to limit parking areas on them Municipalities Presidency INVU MIVAH IFAM INCOFER MOPT MINAE Municipalities INVU MIVAH IFAM MINAE MOPT Presidency Municipalities MOPT MIVAH IFAM MINAE Presidency Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actors1.3.5 To actively involve municipalities in the transition to low-emission development. o To implement infrastructure construction plans for active mobility (sidewalks, bike lanes) in priority municipalities.","{'text': 'To implement demand management measures', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
668,FJI,Fiji,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"From the socio-economic perspective, increased use of PT is seen as economically profitable due to time savings and vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in the mode share of PT can be achieved with demand management measures which have a very low cost, or with supply measures which can entail high investment costs and/or support subsidies, or a combination of supply and demand measures. Actual costs thus depend on specific policies and strategies for promoting PT. Increased use of NMT is seen as economically profitable due to vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.","{'text': 'The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
669,FJI,Fiji,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities. Again, actual costs depend on the specific policies chosen. Some estimations of costs are given in Annex A. 90To avoid excessive scrapping costs, a regulation establishing vehicle maximum age should be put into place prior to 2030 as then purchasers of vehicles are aware of their commercial lifespan of the vehicle and cannot claim after 20 years a residual value to be paid by the government.","{'text': 'The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
670,FRA,France,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The improvements in energy efficiency and decarbonisation will concern all modes of transport. The scenario notably envisages a progressive development of biofuels in aviation to reach 50% by 21 Where appropriate by comparison with the “course of time” scenarios. National low carbon strategy - March 2020 19/1762050. Sea and river transport will be entirely carbon-free for domestic emissions by 2050 and 50% decarbonised for the international bunkers. The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised.","{'text': 'rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled,', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
671,FRA,France,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised. Passenger traffic in passenger-km for all modes together will rise by 26% between 2015 and 2050 but at a more moderate rate than in the business-as-usual scenario, notably because of the increase in teleworking and a limitation of urban sprawl. The modal share of cycling will be multiplied by 4 after 2030. Public transport will develop significantly with a progression in its modal share of 7 points, this will also apply to shared transport and car-sharing.","{'text': 'rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled,', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
672,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, it is necessary not only to take measures against automobiles alone, but also to strengthen the combined measures of “Avoid” (reducing unnecessary traffic congestion, etc. ), “Shift” (switching to modes of transportation with low carbon emission intensity, such as by promoting the use of public transportation and modal shift), and “Improve” (technological innovation such as digital technologies including AI, IoT, and big data, and creation of new services using new technologies). In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion.","{'text': 'In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
673,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.","{'text': 'In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
674,MCO,Monaco,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf,"Le pôle de services de Monaco (hôtels, équipements sportifs, enseignement.) entraîne une fréquentation importante de visiteurs à la journée (visiteurs de proximité). Ainsi, la Principauté poursuit deux axes d’action en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du transport routier, que sont la réduction du trafic et la décarbonation des moyens de transport. La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics.","{'text': 'La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics.', 'answer_start': 57}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
675,MCO,Monaco,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf,"La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics. Les actions structurantes consisteront notamment en la création de parkings relais aux frontières et à la multiplicité des solutions alternatives de mobilité (télécabines, soutien à la marche à pied et à la pratique du vélo par le renforcement des équipements et des offres de e-services). Les transports publics seront progressivement remplacés pour atteindre 0 émission de CO2 en 2030. En complément, le Gouvernement soutient la substitution des véhicules thermiques par des véhicules électriques.","{'text': 'La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
676,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
677,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 35}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
678,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.","{'text': 'iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
679,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.","{'text': 'iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
680,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,Convert into new materials and promote products with high added values ● ○ ○ 3. Improve equipment efficiency ● ● ● 4. Promote smart factory and smart industrial complex ◐ ● ◐ 5. Use CCUS ● ◐ ○ 6. Use low-carbon fuels and materials ○ ● ● 7. Reduce emissions from industrial process ● ● ● Buildings 1. Improve building energy efficiency ● ● ○ 2. Supply highly efficient equipment ◐ ● ◐ 3. Promote smart energy management ○ ◐ ◐ 4. Promote renewables and use waste heat ● ◐ ○ Transportation 1. Mix biofuels for road transportation ◐ ● ◐ 2. Promote eco-friendly vehicles and improve average fuel efficiency ● ● ◐ 3. Advance railway system ○ ◐ ○ 4. Advance aviation system ○ ◐ ○ 5. Advance shipping system ○ ◐ ○ 6. Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1.,"{'text': 'Promote traffic demand management', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
681,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1. Recycle and reduce at source ● ● ○ 2. Methane gas recovery Hygienic landfills ◐ ● ◐ Biological treatment facility ● ● ◐ 3. Increase aerobic operation of landfills ● ○ ◐ 4. Replace with bioplastics ● ○ ● Farming 1. Transition to smart farming ◐ ● ◐ 2. Develop and deploy low-carbon agricultural practices ● ◐ ◐ 3. Promote participatory policies for farmers and consumers ◐ ◐ ◐ 4. Scale up deployment of eco-friendly energy ● ● ◐ Carbon sinks (forest) 1. Expand forests(afforestation, reforestation) ◐ ◐ ◐ 2. Maintain carbon sinks (forest management) ● ◐ ● 3. Expand timber supply ◐ ◐ ◐ * Outlook indictor ●: high, ◐: medium, ○: low Source 2050 Low-carbon Vision Forum s proposal (February, 2020)Visions and Strategies by Sector 1. Energy supply ·············································································· 54 6.","{'text': 'Promote traffic demand management', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
682,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Advancement of internal combustion engine has made a remarkable progress in achieving convenience and mobility for people and goods and shortening travel time. The progress has removed all distance-related obstacles in human history. Another paradigm shift in the transportation sector, that could be on a par with the 2nd Industrial Revolution, is now underway. This paradigm shift is led by growing demand for carbon neutrality as well as advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies. Unlike the previous modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift. This modal transformation seeks to move away from the existing petroleum-based mobility and progress towards future mobility characterized by eco-friendly and autonomous vehicles.","{'text': 'modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
683,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"National-level R&D is underway for the commercial deployment of hydrogen-powered trains, ships and drones in Korea by 2030. Such advanced future technologies will help achieve carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Managing transportation demand and optimizing vehicle operation Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient. Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.","{'text': 'Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
684,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. Given that half of the entire population in Korea is living in Seoul capital area, policies to promote the use of public transportation in/out of the metropolitan area will solve the problem of traffic congestion during rush hours. Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving.","{'text': 'Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
685,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions. The AV technology also aims to maximize car operational efficiency and improve energy efficiency as well. Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050. ▍Modal shift Korea has the world’s leading logistics system that enables same-day deliveries of goods nationwide. Evolving logistics system is dynamically changing people’s consumption pattern from offline purchases to online shopping, and this trend will accelerate in the years to come.","{'text': 'Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
686,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)","{'text': 'Avoid the need to travel', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
687,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Avoid the need to travel', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
688,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.","{'text': 'Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
689,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
690,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy51. We are investing £3 million in 2021 to establish the UK’s first multi-modal hydrogen transport hub in Tees Valley. The funding is kick-starting activity across the region, supporting collaborative R&D pilot projects and pop-up trials that demonstrate hydrogen technology solutions across transport modes and forge new industry and academic partnerships. Future transport – more choice, better efficiency 52. We will take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030. Increasing car occupancy from 1.55 to 1.7 could save nearly 3 Mt of carbon a year by 2030.","{'text': 'Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
691,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"2) Intensification d une production agricole, animale et halieutique respectueuse de l environnement et permettant de limiter la déforestation / dégradation - Amélioration durable de la productivité agricole et gestion durable de la production animale et halieutique ; - Adaptation des calendriers culturaux, et des techniques de production ; - Limitation des émissions de méthane de la riziculture en réduisant au maximum la submersion ; -Renforcement des partenariats et collaborations pour améliorer la productivité́ des sols, la mise en œuvre d’innovations agricoles ; développer l’agriculture raisonnée, conservatoire ou durable Réduction du CH4 des cultures de riz 3) Promotion des pratiques permettant d améliorer les capacités de production agricole et valoriser les ressources du milieu - Utilisation des inhibiteurs de nitrification ; - Supplémentation en matières grasses dans l alimentation des ruminants (% de matières grasses DM ajoutées)République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Energie/Déchets  Grands enjeux de l énergie: (i) Améliorer l accès des populations et des industries à l électricité en quadruplant la capacité de production à l’horizon 2035 pour passer à 6 GW ; (ii) accroitre l utilisation des énergies renouvelables dans la production d électricité, surtout dans les zones difficilement raccordables au réseau électrique et (iii) faire de l’efficacité énergétique une priorité nationale.  Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie  MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.","{'text': 'Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.', 'answer_start': 425}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
692,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf," Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie  MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone. - Services d’autobus Express 5) Valorisation efficiente des ressources pour tendre vers une économie circulaire - Gestion durable et efficace des déchets, - Renforcement des politiques de gestion des déchets (d’ici à 2035, toutes les grandes villes devraient avoir des décharges aménagées avec au moins 70 % de captage de méthane) ; - Promotion du développement d’une économie circulaire ; - Récupération / utilisation des déchets agricoles et forestiers ; compostage ; - Valorisation / traitement des autres déchets (station d’épuration, boues de vidange.","{'text': 'Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.', 'answer_start': 219}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
693,ECU,Ecuador,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf,"- Desarrollo y promoción de un mercado de Empresas de Gestión de la Energía (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energética - Optimización de Generación Eléctrica y Eficiencia Energética (OGE&EE) - Reducción de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilización del gas asociado al petróleo para la generación de energía eléctrica y producción de GLP. (Ampliación del Programa). Energías Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energía Geotermia. - Hidroenergía: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energética en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refinería.","{'text': 'Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca', 'answer_start': 96}",es-ES,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
694,IDN,Indonesia,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf,"• The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b.","{'text': 'Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status.', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
695,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%92%20ENG%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2008102021.pdf,"Reducing coal consumption through gasification of households in the country (WM)19 1.2. Replacement of light vehicles with internal combustion engines for electric vehicles (WAM) 1.3. Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development (WM) 1.4. Reduction of electricity losses during transmission (WM) 1.5. Reduction of electricity losses during distribution (WM)19 1.6. Replacement of buses with diesel/gasoline fuel engines by buses with gas-powered engines in Bishkek (WM) 1.7. Reconstruction and improvement of the heat supply system of the city of Bishkek (WM) 1.8. Replacement of diesel/ gasoline fuel engines buses with buses with gas-powered engines in Osh city (WAM) 16 The presented measures were collected and discussed during the consultations of the first round of sectoral technical meetings. The calculation methodology was presented, discussed and agreed upon in a second round of technical meetings with sector stakeholders. 17 Evaluation by UNDP. 18 Evaluation by UNDP.","{'text': 'Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
696,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all', 'answer_start': 196}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
697,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
698,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
699,STP,Sao Tome and Principe,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated_NDC_STP_2021_EN_.pdf,"An increase in renewable energy share integrated in the national grid; ii. a reduction in power grid losses and increase of energy efficiency; and, iii. a significant reduction in the transport sector’s carbon footprint. With the implementation of these measures, STP will be able to contribute towards an estimated GHG emissions reduction of 109 kTCO2 eq, corresponding to a 27% emission reduction by 2030, with a total estimated cost of close to USD 150M. The goal to reduce emissions is conditional to the availability and mobilization of external funding with the aim of reducing projected emissions in the business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios by 2030.","{'text': 'a significant reduction in the transport sector’s carbon footprint.', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
700,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"Figure 2: Trajectoires futures des réductions des émissions des GES dues à l’efficacité énergétique (par secteur) Evolution des émissions évitées de GES due à l EE selon les secteurs Figure 3: Trajectoires futures des réductions des émissions des GES dues au renouvelable par technologie Evolution des émissions évitées de GES selon les technologies ERCDN actualisée de la TUNISIE Catalyseur secondaire Les réductions d’émissions dues à l’efficacité énergétique sur la période 2021-2030 découleraient tout d’abord de la politique d’utilisation rationnelle de l’énergie dans l’industrie (38%). Le secteur des transports vient tout juste après (37%), principalement grâce à l’organisation des déplacements urbains dans les grandes villes ainsi qu’à l’introduction des véhicules électriques. Le secteur des bâtiments contribue, lui, à hauteur du quart des réductions d’émissions découlant de l’efficacité énergétique.","{'text': 'Le secteur des transports vient tout juste après (37%), principalement grâce à l’organisation des déplacements urbains dans les grandes villes ainsi qu’à l’introduction des véhicules électriques.', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
701,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.,"{'text': 'Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
702,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
703,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Section 2.3.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Total road PKM: 145,033 million Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Efficient operation of public transportation Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Work with the taxi industry to achieve service quality improvements and operator consolidation. Introduce 1,000 high-quality city buses in GKMA15 together with bus shelters, terminals, and depots.16 Introduce ITS systems, automatic fare collection, and control centre for public transport in GKMA 5% reduction in VKM and 5% increase in load factor from improved organisation of urban public transport. Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor.","{'text': 'Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
704,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_TDM,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances. M3.5 To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development. M3.6 To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement. M3.7 To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.","{'text': 'To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
705,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The framework for the effective pricing of CO2 should be to promote competition. To this end, the following concrete action areas are being brought into the discussion: • Further measures for more effective CO2 pricing in air traffic and for creating a competition-neutral taxation situation in relation to other modes of transport. • For the purposes of environmental economy, a CO2 price with an adequate incentive and steering effect is indispensable if we are to achieve our long-term goal of zero net emissions in an economically efficient manner.","{'text': 'Further measures for more effective CO2 pricing in air traffic and for creating a competition-neutral taxation situation in relation to other modes of transport.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
706,FRA,France,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Other alternative fuels, such as synthetic kerosene, could be used if their environmental and energy balance proves relevant. a) Guideline T 1: provide the sector with incentive price signals Find a way to gradually standardise intra-European competition in road transport, in order to standardise fuel tax rates at European level or within a group of neighbouring Member States, particularly for professional road transport, in line with the objectives of greening fleets and with public policy objectives (e.g. for public transport). Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.","{'text': 'standardise fuel tax rates at European level or within a group of neighbouring Member States,', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
707,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Based on the projections in the WEM reference scenario, it is clear that additional measures need to be taken in the future to reverse trends in emissions that are incompatible with Slovakia s target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. 2.5.3.3 Possibilities of Decarbonising the Transport Sector under the WAM Scenario The following extra measures were used in modelling compared to the WEM scenario: Changing the distribution of traffic, which will result in a reduction in the performance of road freight transport for roads over 300 km, of which 30% should be transferred to railway or waterway transport. Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.","{'text': 'Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
708,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax. Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport. According to the calculated projections (Figure 14) broken down by individual gas (Table 12 in Annex I), there are clear downward emission trends for CO2 and N2O until 2040 but CH4 emissions are growing in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario. The most probable reason is a growing trend of natural gas consumption and biogas/biomethane consumption in road transport and its increasing share in fuel consumption, which has been included in the WAM scenario.","{'text': 'Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
709,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments. Introduce measures to reduce emissions in transport in fiscal policy, in line with the forthcoming revision of Council Directive 2003/96/EC36 and according to the OECD Recommendations 37 and the Progress Report of the Environmental Performance of OECD Recommendations,38 unless they are in contradiction with Council Directive 2003/96/EC, whereas the measures will take into account price competitiveness and elasticity of consumption. Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied.","{'text': 'Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
710,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied. Change passenger car registration fees to reflect CO2 emissions or Euro emission standards, or a combination of these, or other factors that reflect environmental criteria in the calculation of fees. Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.","{'text': 'Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
711,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce fuel-based carbon tax', 'answer_start': 510}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
712,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce fuel-based carbon tax', 'answer_start': 449}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
713,DEU,Germany,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"→ → Sustainable investment needs investors who are interested in sustainability and it needs appropriate financing instruments and products. The German government will do its utmost in multilateral con- texts to ensure that sustainability goals play a greater role, for example in funding provided by the multi- lateral development banks. The multilateral develop- ment banks should make a greater contribution to the mobilisation of private resources for sustainable investment than has previously been the case. Sustainable trade International trade also causes external costs. The fuel used for aviation and maritime shipping is subsidised and/or mostly exempt from taxation. Germany should advocate the elimination of subsidies and appropriate taxation in this area. Principles of sustainability should also play a greater role in trade agreements. Trade in sustainable products and services should be preferred.","{'text': 'The fuel used for aviation and maritime shipping is subsidised and/or mostly exempt from taxation. Germany should advocate the elimination of subsidies and appropriate taxation in this area. Principles of sustainability should also play a greater role in trade agreements.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
714,GRD,Grenada,1st NDC,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Grenada%20INDC.pdf,"Energy efficiency actions to reduce emissions include retrofitting of all buildings (20% reduction), establishment of policies for energy efficiency building codes for all building sectors (30% reduction) and implementation of energy efficiency in hotels (20% reduction). Transport The transport sector (land and marine) contributed an average 39% of Grenada’s greenhouse gas emissions in the 2010 to 2014 period. Grenada plans to reduce its emissions in the transport sector by 20% by 2025. In order to meet its commitment Grenada plans to undertake several policies/actions including introduction of biofuel blends (specifically liquefied natural gas and diesel blend), implementation of gasoline and diesel taxes and implementation of fuel efficiency standards for vehicles through incentives. Waste The waste sector contributed to approximately 10% of Grenada’s emissions.","{'text': 'Implementation of gasoline and diesel taxes', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
715,NPL,Nepal,1st NDC,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nepal%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Conservation and management of this area, including implementation of forests, soil and water conservation activities, is expected to greatly sequestrate carbon and could function as the carbon sink. c. Moving towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Promotion of public transport system and bicycle use, introduction of fuel tax used in Kathmandu Valley for air quality improvement and further promotion of non-motorised transport would contribute to the reduction of pollution in urban areas. d. Promoting Climate Friendly Practices in Agriculture Nepal is implementing farmers schools where local varieties of crops will be promoted using local and indigenous knowledge and building on efficient technologies. Similarly, efforts are underway to develop flood and drought-resistant crop varieties to cope with climate change impacts.","{'text': 'introduction of fuel tax used in Kathmandu Valley', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
716,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Some of these have already been received and put into use • Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.) carried out • Implement promotional campaigns for raising public awareness • Continuing the campaigns for cheaper/free driving • Enabling additional conditions for companies Finance: Budget: 180.6 M€ Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of the passenger kilometres of cars, 1% of passenger kilometres of busses and 6.6% of tonnes kilometres of heavy-duty vehicles will be realized by railway transport A-M-28: Renewing of the national car fleet Main objective: Use of more advanced technologies in order to slow down the growing energy consumption in the transport sector, which is complex and with limited capabilities of energy use reduction Description: The measures recommended in the Study on the transport sector analysis of policies and measures should be implemented: Reduction of VAT from 18% to 5% for hybrid and electric vehicles; Direct subsidizing of hybrid vehicles, Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled.","{'text': 'Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled.', 'answer_start': 187}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
717,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,A_Fueltax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"carried out • Implement promotional campaigns for raising public awareness • Continuing the campaigns for cheaper/free driving • Enabling additional conditions for companies Finance: Budget: 180.6 M€ Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of the passenger kilometres of cars, 1% of passenger kilometres of busses and 6.6% of tonnes kilometres of heavy-duty vehicles will be realized by railway transport A-M-28: Renewing of the national car fleet Main objective: Use of more advanced technologies in order to slow down the growing energy consumption in the transport sector, which is complex and with limited capabilities of energy use reduction Description: The measures recommended in the Study on the transport sector analysis of policies and measures should be implemented: Reduction of VAT from 18% to 5% for hybrid and electric vehicles; Direct subsidizing of hybrid vehicles, Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled. Obligations of public institutions to purchase vehicles with low CO2 emissions (up to 90 gCO2/km by 2020 and 50 gCO2/km by 2025).","{'text': 'Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled.', 'answer_start': 162}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
718,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,through corresponding Horizon Europe and InvestEU funding windows). • Promotion of the automation and networking of sustainable mobility through the Digital Europe programme. • Introduction of a national contribution to the EU budget calculated from the non- recycled plastic packaging waste generated in each Member State (“plastic funds”) as indicated by statistical data to create an incentive for the Member States to reduce the generation of non-recycled plastic. • Allocation of 15% of the funds of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) that are earmarked for the energy segment to cross-border renewable energy projects.,"{'text': 'Promotion of the automation and networking of sustainable mobility through the Digital Europe programme', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
719,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Just as for renewable energy in the previous decade, the automotive industry already today heavily invests in the emergence of zero and low emission vehicle technologies, such as electric vehicles. A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy. Electrification of short sea shipping and inland waterways is also an option, where the power to weight ratio makes it feasible. Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes.","{'text': 'A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
720,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This includes 1.47 million hybrid vehicles (about 34%), 21,000 electric vehicles (about 0.5%), 18,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles (about 0.4%), 0.07 million fuel cell vehicles (about 0.02%), and 175,000 clean diesel vehicles (about 4.1%).- 36 - Figure 17 Breakdown of energy-related CO2 emissions from transport sector (FY2019, Final Figures) (Source: Compiled based on Japan s GHG Inventory) From the perspective of transportation, logistics, and infrastructure systems it is necessary to strengthen climate measures that will lead to the simultaneous realization of CO2 emission reductions and the vitalization of mobility. This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).","{'text': 'applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles,', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
721,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.). It is also required to promote the spread of EVs by devising multifaceted ways to use them, taking advantage of their functions as storage batteries and mobile power sources in times of disaster. b. Developing Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Services through Digital and Green CO2 emissions from the transportation sector account for approx. 20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions.","{'text': 'applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles,', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
722,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc. with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.","{'text': ', enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
723,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail. It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster. In the shipping sector, by promoting the development and implementation of low-carbon and decarbonizing technologies and leading the establishment of related international regulations, Japan will strategically strive for carbon-neutral maritime transportation.","{'text': ', enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
724,PRT,Portugal,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"Reduction in the energy intensity of passenger and freight transport, respectively, from -81% to -84% and -73% to -75% by 2050. Evolution of final energy consumption and energy intensity in the transport sector PJ LPG Electricity Gas Diesel Kerosene & HFO Hydrogen Petrol Energy intensity Goods MJ/pkm; MJ/tkm Biofuels Energy Intensity PassengersLONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 TABLE 8: Evolution of final energy consumption and energy intensity in the transport sector The circular economy is key to decarbonisation of the transport and mobility sector, as the success of shared mobility models is essential to leveraging the technological changes foreseen for mobility (e.g. autonomous vehicles) and can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25 % in 2050.","{'text': 'autonomous vehicles', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
725,PRT,Portugal,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"autonomous vehicles) and can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25 % in 2050. The most significant impact of circularity refers to the significant increase in the use of public transport, which leads to a reduction in total transport energy consumption of between 3% and 2% in 2030 and 2050, respectively. Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen.","{'text': 'autonomous vehicles', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
726,PRT,Portugal,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen. FUEL Unit: PJ ENERGY INTENSITY Unit: MJ/pKmLONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 4.1.3 Industry and industrial processes The industrial sector is made up of a wide range of activities and processes, including sectors such as refining, pulp and paper production, glass, ceramics, cement and lime, iron and steel, chemicals, among others. Their emissions derive from the consumption of fossil fuels and, in some sectors, emissions from the chemical processes involved.","{'text': 'autonomous vehicles', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
727,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.","{'text': 'iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
728,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.","{'text': 'iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
729,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions. The AV technology also aims to maximize car operational efficiency and improve energy efficiency as well. Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050. ▍Modal shift Korea has the world’s leading logistics system that enables same-day deliveries of goods nationwide. Evolving logistics system is dynamically changing people’s consumption pattern from offline purchases to online shopping, and this trend will accelerate in the years to come.","{'text': 'AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions. The AV technology also aims to maximize car operational efficiency and improve energy efficiency as well.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
730,CHN,China,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. ⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.","{'text': 'new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
731,CHN,China,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars. ⚫ Accelerate the development, promotion and application of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies and products in the transportation sector.Accelerate the transformation of energy structure in the transportation sector. ⚫ Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. ⚫ Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. ⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation.","{'text': 'new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
732,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The Yara Birkeland is due to be launched in 2020, and will be the world’s first autonomous fully electric container vessel. The grocery wholesaler ASKO is planning to use autonomous vessels for emission-free transport of goods across the Oslofjord. The first hydrogen-powered car ferry will be put into operation in Norway in 2021, and this may prepare the way for longer range emission-free shipping. • The Government’s ambitions are to reduce emissions from domestic shipping and fishing vessels by half by 2030 and to promote the development of zero- and low- emission solutions for all vessel categories.","{'text': 'The grocery wholesaler ASKO is planning to use autonomous vessels for emission-free transport of goods across the Oslofjord.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
733,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29. Work to enable cost-effective options for shifting more freight from road to rail, including using low emission rail freight for deliveries into urban areas, with zero emission last mile deliveries 30. Position the UK at the forefront of research, development and demonstration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technologies, including through the establishment of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and investment of over £250 million, matched by industryThe Clean Growth Strategy 31.","{'text': '30. Position the UK at the forefront of research, development and demonstration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technologies, including through the establishment of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and investment of over £250 million, matched by industry', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
734,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,I_Autonomous,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"In terms of technology standards, new motor vehicles in the UAE are compliant with Euro 4 emission performance standards and a gradual move to Euro 5/6 is planned. Standards for electric, hydrogen and autonomous vehicles are under development.As part of its shift to cleaner vehicle technologies, the UAE has taken up wide-scale conversion of conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles to Compressed Natural Gas, with a particular focus on taxis, buses, government vehicles and commercial vehicles. In addition, regulations and incentive schemes, have been put in place to power a larger share of road transport with electricity.","{'text': 'Standards for electric, hydrogen and autonomous vehicles are under development.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
735,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"#mission2030 recognises the importance of mobility as a basic human need and stands for an open economy. To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport.","{'text': 'active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
736,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport. This will provide additional value for the affected citizens and for companies because the new forms of mobility are environmentally friendlier and healthier.","{'text': 'active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
737,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
738,BEL,Belgium,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"En outre, chacune des stratégies régionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fixées, avec des avantages supplémentaires en termes de qualité de l air, de mobilité et d occupation de l espace public. En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque région vise à limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la répartition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et vélo), les véhicules électriques légers (vélos électriques, speedelecs, trottinettes électriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partagés (transports en commun et véhicules partagés). À cette fin, elles mettent l’accent sur une offre de qualité de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures adéquates et la promotion de la mobilité combinée9.","{'text': 'En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque région vise à limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la répartition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et vélo), les véhicules électriques légers (vélos électriques, speedelecs, trottinettes électriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partagés (transports en commun et véhicules partagés).', 'answer_start': 41}",fr-FR,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
739,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"The LEDS for Surface Transport12 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6. Private vehicle demand management through shared mobility, traffic system management carpooling, ride sharing and rental services, import restriction on internal combustion engine cars from 2030 and introducing annual import quota system.","{'text': 'Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
740,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"This enabling activity will result in the full assessment of mitigation potentials in the industries sector and facilitate the participation of the private sector in low emission development. e) Low Emission Development Strategy for Surface Transport The LEDS for Surface Transport18 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6.","{'text': 'Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
741,CHL,Chile,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 2.1: Al 2030, haber incluido normativamente el concepto de movili- dad sostenible en la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica de los IPT y PROT, desarrollados a partir del año 2025, mediante estudios específicos de movi- lidad que apoyen la elaboración de la EAE y que complemente los actuales Estudios de Capacidad Vial. Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.","{'text': 'Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.', 'answer_start': 56}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
742,CHL,Chile,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares. [Es- trategia 2: Cambiar] Meta 3.1: Al 2025, haber desarrollado en conjunto con MINVU, en las prin- cipales ciudades del país (sobre 50 mil habitantes) los Planes Maestros de Infraestructura Ciclo-inclusiva y con el MOP redes interurbanas que per- mitan conectar estas ciudades con las localidades cercanas y otras ciudades que pertenecen a su área de influencia funcional.","{'text': 'Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte público y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorización por sobre el uso de vehículos particulares.', 'answer_start': 2}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
743,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap. Energy efficiency standards for fuel-powered vehicles and vessels will be upgraded, energy efficiency labeling system for transport equipment will be improved, and timeworn vehicles and vessels that are highly energy-consuming and of high emissions will be phased out. China will further actively guide low-carbon travel. China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems, and strengthen the construction of urban slow traffic systems, namely, special bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways, etc. By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. 8.","{'text': 'and strengthen the construction of urban slow traffic systems, namely, special bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways, etc.', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
744,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train. • To design programs and incentives to promote the model of compact cities.1.3.3 To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes. • To design and implement walkable city plans in the major urban centers of the country, including intermediate cities. • To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure. • To encourage innovation in the design and implementation of measures that promote sustainability in cities, in both the public and private sector, and in civil society. 1.3.4 To implement demand management measures. • To expand the plate-based vehicular restriction to other urban centers such as Cartago, Heredia, and Alajuela.","{'text': 'To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
745,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"*Avoid el lock-in: -To avoid the promotion and adoption of ""transitional"" transportation technologies that create barriers for the decarbonization of the transport system in the medium- and -long term. o To articulate the urban, residential and commercial development policies with the transportation plans and land use planning 1.3.2. To promote dense and compact city models. o To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train. o To design programs and incentives to promote the model of compact cities. 1.3.3. To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes. o To design and implement walkable city plans in the major urban centers of the country, including intermediate cities. o To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure.","{'text': 'To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
746,FJI,Fiji,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"The latter could provide alternatives to scrapping trucks. This will need to be defined prior to 2030 in order for Fiji to achieve zero emissions by 2050 due to the long commercial lifespan of trucks.90 Additional policy measures Fiji would need to consider to achieve these low emission scenarios include: Mode Shift. New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT. From the socio-economic perspective, increased use of PT is seen as economically profitable due to time savings and vehicle operating cost savings.","{'text': 'New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT.', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
747,FRA,France,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The improvements in energy efficiency and decarbonisation will concern all modes of transport. The scenario notably envisages a progressive development of biofuels in aviation to reach 50% by 21 Where appropriate by comparison with the “course of time” scenarios. National low carbon strategy - March 2020 19/1762050. Sea and river transport will be entirely carbon-free for domestic emissions by 2050 and 50% decarbonised for the international bunkers. The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised.","{'text': 'that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport,', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
748,FRA,France,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised. Passenger traffic in passenger-km for all modes together will rise by 26% between 2015 and 2050 but at a more moderate rate than in the business-as-usual scenario, notably because of the increase in teleworking and a limitation of urban sprawl. The modal share of cycling will be multiplied by 4 after 2030. Public transport will develop significantly with a progression in its modal share of 7 points, this will also apply to shared transport and car-sharing.","{'text': 'that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport,', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
749,ISL,Iceland,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"The Climate Action Plan includes a total of 50 measures, divided into three parts Measures to reduce Iceland’s Effort Sharing emissions (ESR)1 Measures to reduce emissions in connection with EU-ETS2 Measures to reduce emissions and increase carbon sequestration through improved land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)3 A. Land transport B. Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1.","{'text': 'Infrastructure for active mobility', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
750,ISL,Iceland,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.","{'text': 'Infrastructure for active mobility', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
751,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Furthermore, by implementing heat island countermeasures to improve thermal environment, the Government will promote the reduction of urban CO2 emissions. Figure 25 The Image of “Comfortable and Walkable” Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel.","{'text': 'the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
752,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Figure 25 The Image of “Comfortable and Walkable” Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with  systems, expanding the area of their services while consolidating them, extending their service life, and improving their disaster prevention functions.","{'text': 'the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
753,MLT,Malta,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LCDS, in line with the NECP and transport strategies currently in place, considers the following measures: „ Support for the electrification transition: this is further supported by strengthening the grant scheme currently in place to incentivise the purchase of EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles „ The installation of an extended network of EV charging points „ Electrification of government fleet, with government leading by example„ Electrification of scheduled public transport buses „ Support to drive a significant further increase in public transport usage: this is assumed to arise from a suite of measures, including the extension of free public transport services, and improvements in public transport services „ Support for active transport: sustained investment taking place throughout the strategy period in infrastructure to support cycling (e.g. bikes, e-bikes, pedelecs) and walking.","{'text': 'Support for active transport: sustained investment taking place throughout the strategy period in infrastructure to support cycling (e.g. bikes, e-bikes, pedelecs) and walking', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
754,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"autonomous vehicles) and can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25 % in 2050. The most significant impact of circularity refers to the significant increase in the use of public transport, which leads to a reduction in total transport energy consumption of between 3% and 2% in 2030 and 2050, respectively. Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen.","{'text': 'Active and low-impact mobility', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
755,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen. FUEL Unit: PJ ENERGY INTENSITY Unit: MJ/pKmLONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 4.1.3 Industry and industrial processes The industrial sector is made up of a wide range of activities and processes, including sectors such as refining, pulp and paper production, glass, ceramics, cement and lime, iron and steel, chemicals, among others. Their emissions derive from the consumption of fossil fuels and, in some sectors, emissions from the chemical processes involved.","{'text': 'Active and low-impact mobility', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
756,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"20 Active mobility modes include walking, cycling or using Personal Mobility Devices such as electric scooters. All journeys within a town, using public, shared and active modes of transport will take no more than 20 minutes, while nine in ten peak period journeys, such as between the home and workplace, using public, shared and active modes of transport, will be completed in less than 45 minutes.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE Chapter 4 | Key Long-Term Climate Actions Expanding the Active Mobility Network Singapore will accelerate the building of cycling paths and active mobility infrastructure to make cycling and walking more convenient and attractive.","{'text': 'Expanding the Active Mobility Network Singapore will accelerate the building of cycling paths and active mobility infrastructure to make cycling and walking more convenient and attractive.', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
757,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"All journeys within a town, using public, shared and active modes of transport will take no more than 20 minutes, while nine in ten peak period journeys, such as between the home and workplace, using public, shared and active modes of transport, will be completed in less than 45 minutes.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE Chapter 4 | Key Long-Term Climate Actions Expanding the Active Mobility Network Singapore will accelerate the building of cycling paths and active mobility infrastructure to make cycling and walking more convenient and attractive. By 2040, our cycling path network will be extended to more than 1,000km from which was introduced in the 2013 Land Transport Master Plan, the Government built 200km of sheltered walkways from transport nodes to homes and public amenities.","{'text': 'Expanding the Active Mobility Network Singapore will accelerate the building of cycling paths and active mobility infrastructure to make cycling and walking more convenient and attractive.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
758,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our streets will be cleaner and people healthier from breathing cleaner air, walking and cycling more. Our zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate will guarantee greater number of zero emission vehicles on our roads, unlocking the transformation of our road transport. Additional funding will support our automotive sector to stay at the cutting edge and capture jobs of the future. Significant new investment in vehicle grants and electric vehicle infrastructure will ensure that we see even more green vans delivering our goods and big improvements in local public chargepoint provision. We will increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking, electrifying more railway lines, investing £3 billion to transform bus services and £2 billion for cycling.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
759,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking, electrifying more railway lines, investing £3 billion to transform bus services and £2 billion for cycling. We will build on our strong maritime heritage and the success of the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition to deliver a more ambitious multi- year programme for the sector. Setting out an ambitious position on SAF will set us on a path to decarbonise this challenging sector. Accelerating the decarbonisation of transport will save lives and significantly reduce noise, making our urban centres more enjoyable places to live. Key policies: • A zero emission vehicle mandate to improve consumer choice and ensure we maximise the economic benefit from this transition by giving a clear signal to investors.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
760,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
761,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 152}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
762,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 131}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
763,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 163}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
764,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 149}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
765,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 119}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
766,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.","{'text': 'Construct NMT and bicycle lanes', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
767,CHN,China,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.","{'text': 'improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
768,CHN,China,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
769,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)', 'answer_start': 162}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
770,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)', 'answer_start': 139}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
771,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)', 'answer_start': 139}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
772,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)', 'answer_start': 492}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
773,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)', 'answer_start': 475}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
774,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'non-motorised transport lanes', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
775,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"b) Promoting the use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems. c) Introduction and promotion of Non-Motorized Transport system and facilities and networks in both mega cities and metropolitan cities by 2030. Forestry a) Enhancing and upscaling implementation of participatory forest management programmes. b) Facilitating effective and co-ordinated implementation of actions that will enhance the contribution from the entire forest sector. c) Promote nationwide forest landscape restoration programmes and initiatives. Waste Management a) Promoting environmentally sound waste management practices that support reuse, reduce and recycle. b) Promoting waste to energy technologies.Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 19 4.3 NDC Transparency A national MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) system is essential in implementation of NDC, in particular mitigation efforts. A national MRV system has been established.","{'text': 'Introduction and promotion of Non-Motorized Transport system and facilities and networks in both mega cities and metropolitan cities by 2030', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
776,URY,Uruguay,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"En cuanto a la utilización de Hidrógeno, se está trabajando en un piloto para vehículos de carga y buses de larga distancia. Actividades primarias 7% Centrales eléctricas servicio público 9% Consumo propio 6% Comercial · Servicio Sector Público 2% Figura 10: Emisiones de CO2 por sector en 2020.Asimismo, este sector requiere una visión amplia desde la sostenibilidad y está en proceso de elaboración la Política Nacional de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, con la visión de posibilitar el acceso a todas las personas a las oportunidades que ofrecen los centros urbanos, con alternativas de movilidad ambiental, social y económicamente sostenibles, apuntando a la mejora de su calidad de vida. La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.","{'text': 'La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.', 'answer_start': 107}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
777,URY,Uruguay,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible. En el proceso de descarbonización de la economía, el sector energía ha dado importantes pasos quedando desafíos complejos en algunos sectores por la aún escasa disponibilidad de algunas tecnologías. El país deberá explorar distintos instrumentos y requerirá de diversos apoyos para poder dar paso a una segunda transición energética. 5.1.1.2. Sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos En el sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos (IPPU, por su sigla en inglés) se analizan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provocadas por los procesos industriales, por el uso de estos gases en los productos y por los usos no energéticos del carbono contenido en los combustibles fósiles.","{'text': 'La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
778,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Promoting non‐motorized transport', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
779,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Promoting non‐motorized transport', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
780,MEX,Mexico,LTS,S_Activemobility,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances. M3.5 To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development. M3.6 To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement. M3.7 To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.","{'text': 'To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.', 'answer_start': 91}",fr-FR,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
781,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"#mission2030 recognises the importance of mobility as a basic human need and stands for an open economy. To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport.","{'text': 'shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport.', 'answer_start': 157}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
782,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"To this end, #mission2030 identifies the central aspects of the mobility transformation: E- mobility on the basis of renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles with hydrogen as a 8 Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles 9 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles 10 Graz Declaration – “Starting a new era: clean, safe and affordable mobility for Europe” 11 Graz Declaration P 2renewable energy source for the applications that are difficult to electrify; alternative drives and fuels; increased use of public transport; active mobility (bicycle and foot traffic) promoted by corresponding infrastructure and made accessible by attractive mobility services; shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport. This will provide additional value for the affected citizens and for companies because the new forms of mobility are environmentally friendlier and healthier.","{'text': 'shift in freight traffic to rail and expansion of combined transport.', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
783,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
784,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen from renewable sources are an important option especially for applications that are difficult to electrify (such as heavy goods vehicles for long-haul transport). Electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles offer the possibility to use 100% renewable energy and are also considerably more efficient than petrol and diesel vehicles. Eco-driving training teaches drivers how to use and operate their vehicles as efficiently as possible. The rail infrastructure is 100% electrified and powers the trains entirely with electricity from renewable sources. The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen).","{'text': 'The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen).', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
785,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen). The role of inland shipping, which is to switch to renewable energy, has increased considerably. E-fuels produced in the EU through new and innovative technologies and second-generation biofuels will especially be used in aviation. The time required for the relevant approval processes (especially for passenger and freight transport by rail) is to be shortened so that the efficiency gains can be realised rapidly enough. 2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.","{'text': 'The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen).', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
786,BEL,Belgium,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"À cette fin, elles mettent l’accent sur une offre de qualité de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures adéquates et la promotion de la mobilité combinée9. Le concept de Mobility-as-a-Service est également reconnu comme levier important pour atteindre l’objectif de la mobilité combinée et pour augmenter le taux d occupation des véhicules (ce qui se traduit par une réduction du nombre de kilomètres parcourus par véhicule). En ce qui concerne le transport de marchandises, les stratégies wallonne et flamande visent toutes deux un transfert de la route vers le rail et les voies navigables. Enfin, comme dernier élément dans le secteur des transports, les stratégies régionales prévoient un passage à des véhicules et des vecteurs énergétiques à émissions zéro.","{'text': 'En ce qui concerne le transport de marchandises, les stratégies wallonne et flamande visent toutes deux un transfert de la route vers le rail et les voies navigables.', 'answer_start': 64}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
787,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","In terms of heating, China will expedite the central heating of combined power and heat in northern cities and towns, rapidly scale up heating of industrial waste heat, steadily utilize waste heat from nuclear power for heating, and develop clean energy heating including heat pumps, gas, biomass and geothermal energy considering local conditions. 7. Expedite the construction of green and low-carbon transportation system China will accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network, channel energy into multi-modal transportation, and increase the share of railways and waterways in the integrated transportation, constantly reducing the energy consumption and carbon intensity of transportation. At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises.","{'text': 'and increase the share of railways and waterways in the integrated transportation', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
788,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"0,01 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 21) Programa de Modernización de Transporte Automotor de Carga en vehículos de más de 10.5 toneladas de peso bruto vehicular y más de 20 años de antigüedad. 57.000 vehículos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - Río Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del Río Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del río.","{'text': 'Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - Río Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del Río Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del río.', 'answer_start': 42}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
789,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"57.000 vehículos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - Río Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del Río Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del río. Transporte de 8 millones de toneladas de carga anuales 0,20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Transporte Activo y gestión de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participación modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigación directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull (algunas medidas incentivan el transporte activo -Pull-, otras desincentivan el uso del automóvil individual -Push-). Incremento en la participación modal de la bicicleta en un 5,5% en las ciudades participantes: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Soledad, Bucaramanga, Soacha, Pereira, Santa Marta, Valledupar, Pasto, Montería, Neiva, Armenia, Sincelejo, Popayán.","{'text': 'Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - Río Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del Río Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del río.', 'answer_start': 10}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
790,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To adequately divide loads so that the size of the cargo vehicles that circulate in urban centers are proportional. 3.1.2 To generate open data to improve the planning of light and heavy cargo transport. • To generate the following open data: age of the fleet, types of vehicles, operating conditions, origins and destinations of the cargo, type of cargo, origin of the trucks (domestic or foreign). • To evaluate the feasibility of designing a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme to measure the emissions from the sector and from the transformation to a decarbonized one. 3.1.3 To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization.","{'text': 'To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
791,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"3.1.3 To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization. • To develop the necessary regulatory instruments for the implementation of the TELCA, including the establishment of the rates, prices or fares required for its implementation. Decarbonization axis 3: Promotion of a freight transport that adopts modalities, technologies and energy sources until achieving zero or the lowest emissions possible2. To promote technological efficiency in heavy and light cargo transport sector Period goals • Plan to improve efficiency and reduce emissions in the freight transport sector. • 1 pilot project to improve the efficiency of the freight transport sector (use of biofuels and LPG).","{'text': 'To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
792,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"(Quick Win) o To generate the following open data: age of the fleet, types of vehicles, operating conditions, origins and destinations of the cargo, type of cargo, origin of the trucks (domestic or foreign). o To evaluate the feasibility of designing a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme to measure the emissions from the sector and from the transformation to a decarbonized one. 3.1.3 To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization. o To develop the necessary regulatory instruments for the implementation of Presidency MOPT COMEX MEIC Private sector Municipalities IFAM MOPT MINAE COMEX Private sector Riteve INCOFER MOPT Presidency ARESEP COMEX ICOP Private sector 3.1. To consolidate the program of cargo logistics to reduce emissions. 3.","{'text': 'To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
793,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes. Batteries have so far a low energy density, and for now their high weight makes the technology ill-suited for aviation and long distanceshipping. Also for long-haul trucks and coaches it is currently unclear whether batteries will reach the required cost and performance level, though prospects exist to electrify with catenary lines. Railway remains the most energy efficient solution for carrying freight over medium to long distances. Therefore, rail freight should become more competitive compared to road transport by eliminating operational and technical barriers between national networks and by fostering innovation and efficiency across the board.","{'text': 'rail freight should become more competitive compared to road transport by eliminating operational and technical barriers between national networks and by fostering innovation and efficiency across the board', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
794,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Therefore, rail freight should become more competitive compared to road transport by eliminating operational and technical barriers between national networks and by fostering innovation and efficiency across the board. Until we see emerge new technologies that will allow to electrify more modes than today, alternative fuels will be important. In addition, hydrogen-based technologies (such as electric vehicles and vessels based on fuel cells) may become competitive in the medium to long-term. Liquefied natural gas with high blends of bio-methane could also be a short-term alternative for long-distance haul. Aviation must see a shift to advanced biofuels and carbon-free e-fuels, with hybridisation and other improvement in aircraft technology having a role in improving efficiency.","{'text': 'rail freight should become more competitive compared to road transport by eliminating operational and technical barriers between national networks and by fostering innovation and efficiency across the board', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
795,FRA,France,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"As a reminder, the baseline scenario aims to increase the modal share of public transport by 7 points between 2015 and 2050. To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince), develop the competitiveness and attractiveness 73 In the context of the Clean Transport Development Strategy, accepted by the anaerobic digestion work group presided by Sébastien Lecornu (February-March 2018).","{'text': 'To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince),', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
796,FRA,France,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince), develop the competitiveness and attractiveness 73 In the context of the Clean Transport Development Strategy, accepted by the anaerobic digestion work group presided by Sébastien Lecornu (February-March 2018). National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly.","{'text': 'To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince),', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
797,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc. with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.","{'text': 'further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
798,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail. It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster. In the shipping sector, by promoting the development and implementation of low-carbon and decarbonizing technologies and leading the establishment of related international regulations, Japan will strategically strive for carbon-neutral maritime transportation.","{'text': 'further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
799,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales. La stratégie de déploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour être attractifs, les transports en commun doivent être confortables et sûrs. Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret. Pour les performances des équipements, la priorité de court terme est celle de l’amélioration des performances des véhicules mis sur le marché par la réglementation. Mais à moyen terme, il convient d’élaborer une stratégie d’électrification de tous les types de véhicules : scooters, automobiles, véhicules utilitaires légers, bus.","{'text': 'Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret', 'answer_start': 55}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
800,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"in 2030 to eq., which is around 28% decrease in emissions. By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods. (Residential cooking and biogas) By 2030, ensure 25% of households use electric stoves as their primary mode of cooking. By 2025, install 500,000 improved cookstoves, specifically in rural areas. By 2025, install an additional 200,000 household biogas plants and 500 large scale biogas plants (institutional/industrial/ municipal/community). These three combined targets can reduce emissions from eq. in BAU in 2025 to approximately eq. This is around 11% reduction in emissions from the cooking sector. For 2030, these three targets can reduce emissions from approximately 2,064 Gg CO2 eq. from BAU to 1,599 eq., which is around 23% reduction in emissions.","{'text': 'By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
801,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.","{'text': 'v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
802,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.","{'text': 'v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
803,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"<Table 2-8> Electric and hydrogen vehicle deployment and their subsidies Eco-friendly vehicle registration (cumulative) Subsidies (KRW 100 mn) In 2007, Korea introduced a requirement of renewable fuel (biodiesel) content in transportation fuel (diesel) at a certain rate. Produced mainly from waste cooking oil, biodiesel is a green alternative fuel that contributes to preventing environmental pollution as well as reducing GHG emissions. The mandatory biodiesel content has been raised from 0.5% in 2007 to current 3%. On the freight system, we are promoting a modal shift from road to lower emissions alternatives such as railway and marine transport.","{'text': 'On the freight system, we are promoting a modal shift from road to lower emissions alternatives such as railway and marine transport.', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
804,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"On the freight system, we are promoting a modal shift from road to lower emissions alternatives such as railway and marine transport. Various measures to cut emissions from freight transportation are in place targeting rail, shipping, and aviation industry, for example, by introducing LNG-fueled ships and expanding shore-side electricity in the marine transport.Korea s Climate Policies Chapter 2 Korea’s Climate Policies The Government of the Republic of Korea | 43 ▍Building sector The amount and patterns of GHG emissions from the building sector are largely affected by countries’ residential conditions and people’s lifestyle. Current mitigation polices in the building sector in Korea focus on saving energy consumption in apartment buildings, the most common housing type in Korea, and enhancing energy efficiency in lighting and home appliances.","{'text': 'On the freight system, we are promoting a modal shift from road to lower emissions alternatives such as railway and marine transport.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
805,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Evolving logistics system is dynamically changing people’s consumption pattern from offline purchases to online shopping, and this trend will accelerate in the years to come. The logistics system in Korea has developed around the road transportation mainly using freight trucks46), which have consumed a high level of energy resulting in increased 45) C-ITS: Cooperative Intelligent Transport SystemVisions and Strategies by Sector Chapter 4 Visions and Strategies by Sector The Government of the Republic of Korea | 79 GHG emissions and air pollution. Therefore, modal shift of freight from road to low-carbon alternatives such as rail and shipping is necessary to solve this problem.","{'text': 'modal shift of freight from road to low-carbon alternatives such as rail and shipping is necessary to solve this problem.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
806,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Therefore, modal shift of freight from road to low-carbon alternatives such as rail and shipping is necessary to solve this problem. 3.3 Transportation sector strategies ▍Building up infrastructure for clean vehicles The price competitiveness of eco-friendly vehicles is currently lower than that of internal combustion vehicles in the market, which means eco-friendly mobility is still in its early development stage and needs policy support to be able to compete with conventional types of vehicle. Various types of policy incentives and regulations are already available in Korea designed to increase the market penetration of clean vehicles: subsidies for eco-friendly vehicle purchases; minimum purchase requirements for the public sector; and minimum sales requirements for carmakers.","{'text': 'modal shift of freight from road to low-carbon alternatives such as rail and shipping is necessary to solve this problem.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
807,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Based on the projections in the WEM reference scenario, it is clear that additional measures need to be taken in the future to reverse trends in emissions that are incompatible with Slovakia s target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. 2.5.3.3 Possibilities of Decarbonising the Transport Sector under the WAM Scenario The following extra measures were used in modelling compared to the WEM scenario: Changing the distribution of traffic, which will result in a reduction in the performance of road freight transport for roads over 300 km, of which 30% should be transferred to railway or waterway transport. Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax.","{'text': 'Changing the distribution of traffic, which will result in a reduction in the performance of road freight transport for roads over 300 km, of which 30% should be transferred to railway or waterway transport.', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
808,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We cannot simply rely on the electrification of road transport, or believe that zero emission cars and lorries will solve all our problems. As we build back better from the pandemic, it will be essential to avoid a car-led recovery. Alongside road vehicle decarbonisation, we must increase the share of trips taken by public transport, cycling and walking. We want to make these modes the natural first choice for all who can take them. As more journeys are cycled or walked, and taken by public transport, the carbon, air quality, noise and congestion benefits will be complemented by significant improvements in public health and wellbeing. • We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways.","{'text': 'We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
809,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways. We will transform last mile deliveries, with zero emission HGVs and decarbonised deliveries made possible through the adoption of new delivery models, supported by accurate data and digital innovations which drive greater efficiencies. • The rail network will be net zero emissions by 2050 through a sustained, long‑term programme of investment in rail electrification, supported by deployment of battery and hydrogen-powered trains. • UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.","{'text': 'We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
810,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 211}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
811,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed.,"{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
812,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
813,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
814,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Lack of experts and staffs need to be trained. 31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
815,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
816,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE 421 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT N/a 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD N/a 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battembang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD N/a 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT N/a 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 157}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
817,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"NCDD N/a 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battembang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD N/a 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT N/a 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed. MoE N/a 25 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF N/a 26 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology 30 N/a: sectoral projections were used.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
818,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 204}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
819,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories. 90% of factories to be licensed.","{'text': 'Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
820,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 239}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
821,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
822,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
823,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 347}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
824,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 309}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
825,CHN,China,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Build a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and integrate the concept of green development throughout the entire process of transportation infrastructure planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance, and actively promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green waterways, green ports, green airports, and green hubs. ⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes.","{'text': 'Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports,', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
826,CHN,China,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. ⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.","{'text': 'Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports,', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
827,CZE,Czech Republic,LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/files/na/application/pdf/cze_climate_protection_policy_summary.pdf,"The number of passenger cars registered between 1990 and 2014 doubled. At the national level, emissions reduction is addressed by the Transport Policy of the Czech Republic (for the period 2014–2020, with a perspective until 2050) and the Action Plan for Clean Mobility. These strategies envisage a gradual increase in the share of alternative propulsion and fuels in road transport and further electrification of railways, a gradual shift of freight transportation from road to rail or water transport. 6.5 Agriculture and forestry Agriculture contributed about 6% in 2014 to the total greenhouse gas emissions in the Czech Republic. At the same time, however, CO2 sinks resulting from land use, land use change and forestry reduce total greenhouse gas emissions annually by about 4%.","{'text': 'a gradual shift of freight transportation from road to rail or water transport.', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
828,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Residential sector 122 201 (180)  Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing  Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses  Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater)  Introduction of high-efficient light  Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc. Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters  Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor)  Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.","{'text': 'modal shift to railway', 'answer_start': 149}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
829,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc. Energy conversion sector 73 101 (104)  Expanding renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible  Utilizing nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed  Pursuit of high efficiency in thermal power generation (USC, A-USC, IGCC, etc.)","{'text': 'modal shift to railway', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
830,MNG,Mongolia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf,"Mitigation Actions and Measures Actions planned GHG emissions reduction, -eq. One. ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources • Hydro Power Plants • Wind Power Plants • Solar Power Plants • Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production • Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses • Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) • Improve the efficiency of power plants • Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: • Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel • Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation • Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: • Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city • Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two.","{'text': 'Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
831,MNG,Mongolia,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf,"ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources • Hydro Power Plants • Wind Power Plants • Solar Power Plants • Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production • Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses • Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) • Improve the efficiency of power plants • Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: • Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel • Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation • Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: • Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city • Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: • Regulate and reduce the livestock number • Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): • Use waste heat from cement plants • Use fly ash in cement production • Use coal bed methaneWaste: • Reduce the waste volume for landfill through the improved waste treatment and recycling process • Increase the share of the population with access to improved sanitation and hygiene facilities Total GHG emission reduction from the non-energy sector 5,623.5 Total GHG emission reduction 16,888.1 D. Adaptation Targets Goals Targets Animal husbandry and pastureland Increase the productivity of the animal husbandry sector while ensuring the sustainable development of the sector and reducing the impacts and risks associated with climate change.","{'text': 'Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
832,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,Remplacement des combustibles fossiles utilisés (coke de pétrole) par des grignons d’olive. Substitution d’une partie du clinker par les cendres volantes dans un mélange permettant d’obtenir du ciment aux caractéristiques désirées et contribuer à la réduction des émissions de GES par la réduction de la production du clinker. Transport du phosphate par slurry pipeline en remplacement des trains. Centrales thermiques et systèmes de récupération de chaleur. Fermes solaires. Remplacement du fioul n° 2 utilisé pour le séchage du phosphate par de l’énergie solaire. Captage et valorisation des émissions de CO2 liées au processus. entre 2010 et 2020. Programme d’installation de 40 millions de lampes fluocompactes (LFC) et 40 millions de lampes à diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) entre 2010 et 2030.,"{'text': 'Transport du phosphate par slurry pipeline en remplacement des trains.', 'answer_start': 48}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
833,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Moving freight to rail', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
834,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.","{'text': 'Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
835,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines. Waste utilization: ● improvement of industrial waste management; ● improving economic mechanisms in waste management; development of a static accounting system for waste generation, monitoring of waste movement and disposal sites; ● development of innovative technologies and infrastructure in the involvement of waste into economic circulation.4 PLANNING PROCESS: A Information on the planning processes the Party undertook to prepare its NDCs and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including: The enhanced NDCs have been formulated on the basis of the first Biennial Update Report (BUR) and the draft of the Fourth National Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan under the UNFCCC (the Fourth NC of the Republic of Tajikistan will be formally approved tentatively on October 30, 2021).","{'text': 'Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
836,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,S_Railfreight,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29. Work to enable cost-effective options for shifting more freight from road to rail, including using low emission rail freight for deliveries into urban areas, with zero emission last mile deliveries 30. Position the UK at the forefront of research, development and demonstration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technologies, including through the establishment of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and investment of over £250 million, matched by industryThe Clean Growth Strategy 31.","{'text': '29. Work to enable cost-effective options for shifting more freight from road to rail, including using low emission rail freight for deliveries into urban areas, with zero emission last mile deliveries', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
837,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
838,CHL,Chile,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Meta 5.6: Al 2050, haber configurado un ecosistema de movilidad públi- co-privado participativo, robusto e inclusivo y haber promovido, comunida- des de práctica que fomenten la innovación y las soluciones tecnológicas sostenibles y apropiadas a las diferentes realizades territoriales. Meta 5.7: Al 2050, haber optimizado la operación de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integración de la red de semáforos a centros de control de tránsito.CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 153 CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Objetivo 6: Aumentar el uso de tecnologías limpias (baja o cero emisión de carbono) en el trans- porte público urbano, transporte privado, transporte interurbano de pasajeros y transporte de carga urbano e interurbano.","{'text': 'Al 2050, haber optimizado la operación de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integración de la red de semáforos a centros de control de tránsito.', 'answer_start': 41}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
839,CHL,Chile,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Meta 5.7: Al 2050, haber optimizado la operación de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integración de la red de semáforos a centros de control de tránsito.CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 153 CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Objetivo 6: Aumentar el uso de tecnologías limpias (baja o cero emisión de carbono) en el trans- porte público urbano, transporte privado, transporte interurbano de pasajeros y transporte de carga urbano e interurbano. [Estrategia 3: Mejorar] Meta 6.1: Al 2030, haber dado inicio a un programa de cambio a tecnologías limpias en la Logística Urbana, mediante experiencias piloto en electromo- vilidad e hidrógeno verde, certificación de vehículos, campañas de promo- ción e información, gestión y difusión de datos y coordinación internacional Holanda y H2 /Chile para el Hidrógeno Verde.","{'text': 'Al 2050, haber optimizado la operación de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integración de la red de semáforos a centros de control de tránsito.', 'answer_start': 2}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
840,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This includes 1.47 million hybrid vehicles (about 34%), 21,000 electric vehicles (about 0.5%), 18,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles (about 0.4%), 0.07 million fuel cell vehicles (about 0.02%), and 175,000 clean diesel vehicles (about 4.1%).- 36 - Figure 17 Breakdown of energy-related CO2 emissions from transport sector (FY2019, Final Figures) (Source: Compiled based on Japan s GHG Inventory) From the perspective of transportation, logistics, and infrastructure systems it is necessary to strengthen climate measures that will lead to the simultaneous realization of CO2 emission reductions and the vitalization of mobility. This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).","{'text': 'new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
841,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.). It is also required to promote the spread of EVs by devising multifaceted ways to use them, taking advantage of their functions as storage batteries and mobile power sources in times of disaster. b. Developing Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Services through Digital and Green CO2 emissions from the transportation sector account for approx. 20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions.","{'text': 'new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
842,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)","{'text': 'Improve traffic and traffic light management', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
843,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Improve traffic and traffic light management', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
844,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"Table 4: Possible mitigation actions to deliver the conditional contribution Sector Description Objectives of the activity by 2030 Power ƒ Ensure all new coal generation uses super-critical technology ƒ Increased penetration of wind power ƒ Implement grid-connected solar plant to diversify the existing electricity generation mix ƒ 100% of new coal based power plants use super-critical technology by 2030 ƒ 400 MW of wind generating capacity by 2030 ƒ 1000 MW of utility-scale solar power plant Transport ƒ Modal shift from road to rail, delivered through a range of measures, including underground metro systems and bus rapid transit systems in urban areas. Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety. ƒ Reduced congestion and improved running of traffic. This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures.","{'text': 'Reduced congestion and improved running of traffic. This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
845,CHN,China,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.","{'text': 'Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion,', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
846,CHN,China,LTS,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion,', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
847,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le tableau 4 présente la synthèse des interventions que la RDC compte mettre en œuvre pour pouvoir atteindre la cible de réduction visé à l’horizon 2030.Tableau 4 : Synthèse des options d’atténuation des émissions des GES et coûts estimatifs associés. Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)","{'text': 'Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation', 'answer_start': 255}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
848,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines.","{'text': 'Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation', 'answer_start': 215}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
849,SLV,El Salvador,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/El%20Salvador%20NDC-%20Updated%20Dic.2021.pdf,"Así como también, los relacionados al alcance de las metas nacionales de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático y desarrollo sostenible correspondientes al sector energético adoptadas en convenios y tratados internacionales.2.9.1. Implementación de modos sostenibles: transporte público masivo, uso de bicicleta, caminata, zonas de velocidad restringida y gestión del tráfico; en consideración de la seguridad vial y promoción de los espacios públicos Amenaza del cambio climático ante la cual se actúa: Manifestaciones: aumento de la temperatura, eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos relacionados con tormentas intensas y ciclones. Efectos: inundaciones, desbordamientos de aguas superficiales, deslizamientos, derrumbes y encharcamientos. Reducción del riesgo de (impactos del cambio climático y su variabilidad asociada) Accidentes e incidentes con daños, pérdidas materiales y humanas; afectaciones a la salud por estrés término e hídrico en pasajeros.","{'text': 'gestión del tráfico; en consideración de la seguridad vial y promoción de los espacios públicos', 'answer_start': 47}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
850,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"L’ensemble des mesures ci-dessus représenterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an évitées par rapport au scenario BAU. D’autres mesures non chiffrées sont également des étapes importantes pour réduire les émissions du secteur : - Modernisation et rationalisation des voies de circulation - Renforcement du contrôle technique et du recensement du parc de véhicules, des moyens de contrôle mobiles et des mesures dissuasives antipollution. Étudier, expérimenter et faire connaître les solutions innovantes de mobilité durable: promouvoir l’importation et encourager la mobilité électrique, la conversion au gaz, biocarburant (éthanol) Objectif conditionnel Application de l’interdiction des voitures de plus de 8 ans (norme CEDEAO) dès 2022 soit 500 000 Mise en œuvre du scénario intégré du PDU de Conakry : - Une ligne BRT Le Prince Kaloum / Sonfonya par corniche de 33,5km.","{'text': 'Modernisation et rationalisation des voies de circulation', 'answer_start': 34}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
851,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Residential sector 122 201 (180)  Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing  Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses  Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater)  Introduction of high-efficient light  Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc. Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters  Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor)  Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.","{'text': 'traffic flow improvement', 'answer_start': 143}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
852,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc. Energy conversion sector 73 101 (104)  Expanding renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible  Utilizing nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed  Pursuit of high efficiency in thermal power generation (USC, A-USC, IGCC, etc.)","{'text': 'traffic flow improvement', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
853,MDV,Maldives,Updated NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202020.pdf,"Increase of efficiency of generators and upgrading the grids to minimize grid loss would be essential. Significant upgrading of the existing power production infrastructure needs to be done via routine scheduled maintenance, synchronization and optimization of power production and reducing grid loss to at least 5% is required. In addition, demand side management would include implementation of the standard labelling program and improvement of building standards for energy efficiency. Waste to energy. The planned installation of 8 MW in Thilafushi and 1.5 MW in Addu City will be completed. These systems will be optimized for grid connection and electricity production. Establishment of vehicle/vessels emissions standard and establishment of efficient transport management system and promotion of hybrid-vehicles. Use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for electricity generation within greater Malé region.","{'text': 'establishment of efficient transport management system', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
854,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Energy Promote increase use of solar thermal energy including solar water heaters, solar heating, solar fruit driers Transport Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport. Transport Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles by updating the vehicle fleet, disposing of old vehicles, and promoting and encouraging the use of efficient vehicles Transport Reduce traffic jams. Transport Use multi-modal transport patterns.","{'text': 'Reduce traffic jams', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
855,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,A_LATM,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3.","{'text': 'This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
856,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
857,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'digitilisation', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
858,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'digitilisation', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
859,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Other,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Aviation must see a shift to advanced biofuels and carbon-free e-fuels, with hybridisation and other improvement in aircraft technology having a role in improving efficiency. In long distance shipping and heavy-duty vehicles, not only bio-fuels and bio-gas but also e-fuels can have a role provided that they are carbon-free throughout their production chain. E-fuels can be used in conventional vehicle engines, relying on the existing refuelling infrastructure. Further significant steps in research and development are needed in production of decarbonised fuels as well as the vehicle technologies such as batteries fuel cells and hydrogen gas engines. Second, a more efficient organisation of the entire mobility system based on digitalisation, data sharing and interoperable standards is of utmost importance to make mobility cleaner.","{'text': 'a more efficient organisation of the entire mobility system based on digitalisation, data sharing and interoperable standards is of utmost importance to make mobility cleaner.', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
860,EEU,European Union,LTS,I_Other,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Second, a more efficient organisation of the entire mobility system based on digitalisation, data sharing and interoperable standards is of utmost importance to make mobility cleaner. This will allow smart traffic management and increasingly automated mobility in all modes, reducing congestion and increasing occupancy rates. Regional infrastructure and spatial planning should be improved to realise the full benefits of increased use of public transport. Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations.","{'text': 'a more efficient organisation of the entire mobility system based on digitalisation, data sharing and interoperable standards is of utmost importance to make mobility cleaner.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
861,FJI,Fiji,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"X X 0.05 – 0.2 MoIT, MoE Immediate Policy Incentives. Economic instruments (e.g., tax incentives) to drive transition of all small motors from fossil fuel to sail or RE powered small motors (e.g., electric outboards) X X X 0.1 – 0.25 MoE, FRCS Immediate Fuel Efficiency Standards. Vessel imports subject to increasingly stringent efficiency standards and fossil fuel powered vessels increasingly penalized X X X X 0.05-0.15 MITT, MSAF, FRCS Immediate Financing modalities for second phase of investments established to support uptake of new technologies. Vessel financing modality programme established and implemented to support public and private sector uptake of new technologies including wind hybrid, battery hybrid, Wing-in-Ground. X X X 50-100 MoEcon, MoIT, FRCS Medium- to long-term Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing.","{'text': 'Financing modalities for second phase of investments established to support uptake of new technologies. Vessel financing modality programme established and implemented to support public and private sector uptake of new technologies including wind hybrid, battery hybrid, Wing-in-Ground', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
862,FRA,France,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince), develop the competitiveness and attractiveness 73 In the context of the Clean Transport Development Strategy, accepted by the anaerobic digestion work group presided by Sébastien Lecornu (February-March 2018). National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly.","{'text': 'promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
863,FRA,France,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly. f) Guideline T 6: Manage increased demand for transport Encourage new ways of working: ◦ particularly with ambitious objectives for teleworking (for example: 50% of French teleworkers work at home on average 20% of the time, that is 10% of home-worked hours on the national scale); ◦ by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers. Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)","{'text': 'promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
864,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This includes 1.47 million hybrid vehicles (about 34%), 21,000 electric vehicles (about 0.5%), 18,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles (about 0.4%), 0.07 million fuel cell vehicles (about 0.02%), and 175,000 clean diesel vehicles (about 4.1%).- 36 - Figure 17 Breakdown of energy-related CO2 emissions from transport sector (FY2019, Final Figures) (Source: Compiled based on Japan s GHG Inventory) From the perspective of transportation, logistics, and infrastructure systems it is necessary to strengthen climate measures that will lead to the simultaneous realization of CO2 emission reductions and the vitalization of mobility. This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).","{'text': 'applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles,', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
865,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.). It is also required to promote the spread of EVs by devising multifaceted ways to use them, taking advantage of their functions as storage batteries and mobile power sources in times of disaster. b. Developing Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Services through Digital and Green CO2 emissions from the transportation sector account for approx. 20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions.","{'text': 'applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles,', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
866,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In addition to measures for vehicles alone, it is important to organically link and integrate electrified vehicles with various social systems in local regions, in response to the electrification of vehicles and with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy. In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc.","{'text': 'promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT,', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
867,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc. with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.","{'text': 'promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT,', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
868,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"When the supply of clean methane from recycled CO2 are realized in the future, LNG-fueled ships and the onshore fuel supply infrastructure can be diverted without modifications to those for carbon-recycled methane, which can contribute to achieving net-zero emissions.- 44 - sector, such as onboard CO2 capturing35, maritime shipment of liquefied CO2 and utilization of clean methane from recycled CO2 37, in order to improve the environment for the social implementation of CCUS. i. Decarbonization of aviation In order to decarbonize the aviation sector, the following initiatives will be promoted: (1) introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment, (2) improvement of flight operation methods by upgrading air traffic control, (3) promotion of the introduction of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and (4) reduction of CO2 emissions from airport facilities and vehicles.","{'text': 'introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
869,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"i. Decarbonization of aviation In order to decarbonize the aviation sector, the following initiatives will be promoted: (1) introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment, (2) improvement of flight operation methods by upgrading air traffic control, (3) promotion of the introduction of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and (4) reduction of CO2 emissions from airport facilities and vehicles. At the same time, the Government will study and initiate measures to turn airports into renewable energy hubs and promote public-private partnerships. In addition, Japan will lead the discussion on CO2 emission reduction at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and contribute to the reduction of emissions from international aviation. j.","{'text': 'introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
870,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"With the increasing demand for decarbonization, the development of decarbonization-related technology is indispensable from the viewpoint of climate change countermeasures and will contribute to maintaining and strengthening the competitiveness of Japan s aircraft industry. Therefore, Japan will promote the development of individual technologies and consider concrete measures to promote the introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment by reviewing and improving safety and environmental standards, thereby contributing to decarbonization of aircraft sector. k. Carbon Recycling and materials industry (a) Carbon Recycling Carbon Recycling is a key technology that effectively utilizes CO2 as a resource for realizing a carbon-neutral society. The Carbon Recycling industry is diverse, as shown in the Roadmap for Carbon Recycling Technologies, which includes major fields such as minerals (concrete products, concrete structures, carbonates, cement, etc.","{'text': 'introduction of new technologies into aircraft and equipment', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
871,LVA,Latvia,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Safety of less protected traffic participants is ensured, as well as attention is paid to reduction of the impact of road building on the environment and climate, including by introducing green infrastructure solutions. Different new, sustainable, and environmentally friendly mobility solutions allow to increase efficiency and safety of transportation, concurrently without reducing economic attraction. The development of innovations allows the export of new technological solutions also in the field of transport, for example, the development of unmanned aircraft, etc. 65Carriage of the same freight batch with different types of transport according to one joint bill of lading.","{'text': 'Different new, sustainable, and environmentally friendly mobility solutions allow to increase efficiency and safety of transportation, concurrently without reducing economic attraction. The development of innovations allows the export of new technological solutions also in the field of transport, for example, the development of unmanned aircraft, etc.', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
872,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"La mobilité multimodale, conjointement avec les systèmes de gestion de la mobilité intelligents, jouent un rôle de plus en plus important pour progresser vers une mobilité décarbonisée. Rendue possible par la numérisation, une gestion intelligente de la mobilité de plus en plus connectée et automatisée dans tous les modes de transport sait rendre la mobilité plus fluide et plus propre. Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilité et de créer un cadre propice pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de services de mobilité innovants (« mobility-as-a-service »), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps réel), des services de partage de voitures (électriques) et vélos ou encore le covoiturage155.","{'text': 'Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilité et de créer un cadre propice pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de services de mobilité innovants (« mobility-as-a-service »), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps réel), des services de partage de voitures (électriques) et vélos ou encore le covoiturage', 'answer_start': 60}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
873,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilité et de créer un cadre propice pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de services de mobilité innovants (« mobility-as-a-service »), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps réel), des services de partage de voitures (électriques) et vélos ou encore le covoiturage155. 6.4.2 Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions La décarbonisation du système de mobilité passe également par des véhicules à faibles émissions et elle est finalement tributaire d’un déploiement à grande échelle voire complet de véhicules à émissions nulles.","{'text': 'Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilité et de créer un cadre propice pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de services de mobilité innovants (« mobility-as-a-service »), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps réel), des services de partage de voitures (électriques) et vélos ou encore le covoiturage', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
874,MAR,Morocco,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Une planification stratégique intégrant ces feuilles de route fournirait une base solide pour mieux gérer les investissements et pour améliorer l’efficacité des politiques, tout particulièrement pour la promotion de l’intermodalité. Pour l’heure, on doit toujours constater la prédominance des solutions fondées sur l’usage des véhicules conventionnels à énergies fossiles, que ce soit pour le transport de personnes ou de marchandises. La question de la maîtrise des besoins et de leur dynamique reste rarement abordée en tant que telle. Dans cette perspective, la transformation digitale, parce qu’elle permet de réduire les besoins de déplacement et d’optimiser les systèmes de transport, est porteuse d’une plus grande efficacité globale du système.","{'text': 'la transformation digitale, parce qu’elle permet de réduire les besoins de déplacement et d’optimiser les systèmes de transport, est porteuse d’une plus grande efficacité globale du système', 'answer_start': 81}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
875,MAR,Morocco,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Dans cette perspective, la transformation digitale, parce qu’elle permet de réduire les besoins de déplacement et d’optimiser les systèmes de transport, est porteuse d’une plus grande efficacité globale du système. Le développement des nouvelles solutions technologiques – véhicules électriques (vélos, scooters, automobiles) et au-delà véhicules à hydrogène – appelle une programmation rigoureuse et articulée sur les différents horizons de temps, court, moyen et long terme qui doit être détaillée dans les feuilles de route : opérations pilotes sur flottes captives, développement progressif des infrastructures de recharge/distribution, développement des capacités industrielles, déploiement à grande échelle. Cinq problématiques stratégiques La confrontation des feuilles de route internationales et de l’état des lieux au Maroc conduit à identifier cinq thématiques clés.","{'text': 'la transformation digitale, parce qu’elle permet de réduire les besoins de déplacement et d’optimiser les systèmes de transport, est porteuse d’une plus grande efficacité globale du système', 'answer_start': 3}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
876,SWE,Sweden,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"To attain this overarching objective, five objectives have been set up: digital competence, digital security, digital innovation, digital management and digital infrastructure. Digitalisation offers great potential to further contribute towards innovative and effective solutions for the benefit of society in all sectors and can play a part in attaining the Swedish climate goals by products being replaced with services, certain use intensifying or is becoming easier to reuse or share. Digital services can increase resource efficiency, through for example smart electricity networks for heating and domestic electricity or for cutting food waste. In the transport sector, digitalisation has the potential to contribute to cost efficiency improvements, foster changes in behaviour and optimise traffic levels, resulting in a reduced environmental and climate footprint.","{'text': 'In the transport sector, digitalisation has the potential to contribute to cost efficiency improvements, foster changes in behaviour and optimise traffic levels, resulting in a reduced environmental and climate footprint', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
877,SWE,Sweden,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"In the transport sector, digitalisation has the potential to contribute to cost efficiency improvements, foster changes in behaviour and optimise traffic levels, resulting in a reduced environmental and climate footprint. 3.5 Climate change adaptation 3.5.1 Strategies, plans and measures to adapt to a changing climate Significant progress has been made in adapting to climate change in Sweden in recent years and awareness of the importance of adapting has increased. In March 2018, the Swedish Government adopted the first national climate adaptation strategy (Govt. Bill 2017/18:163).","{'text': 'In the transport sector, digitalisation has the potential to contribute to cost efficiency improvements, foster changes in behaviour and optimise traffic levels, resulting in a reduced environmental and climate footprint', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
878,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways. We will transform last mile deliveries, with zero emission HGVs and decarbonised deliveries made possible through the adoption of new delivery models, supported by accurate data and digital innovations which drive greater efficiencies. • The rail network will be net zero emissions by 2050 through a sustained, long‑term programme of investment in rail electrification, supported by deployment of battery and hydrogen-powered trains. • UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.","{'text': 'We will transform last mile deliveries, with zero emission HGVs and decarbonised deliveries made possible through the adoption of new delivery models,', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
879,CHN,China,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. ⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.","{'text': 'Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats,', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
880,CHN,China,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars. ⚫ Accelerate the development, promotion and application of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies and products in the transportation sector.Accelerate the transformation of energy structure in the transportation sector. ⚫ Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. ⚫ Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. ⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation.","{'text': 'Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats,', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
881,MNG,Mongolia,Updated NDC,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf,"Mitigation Actions and Measures Actions planned GHG emissions reduction, -eq. One. ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources • Hydro Power Plants • Wind Power Plants • Solar Power Plants • Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production • Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses • Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) • Improve the efficiency of power plants • Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: • Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel • Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation • Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: • Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city • Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two.","{'text': 'Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
882,MNG,Mongolia,Updated NDC,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf,"ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources • Hydro Power Plants • Wind Power Plants • Solar Power Plants • Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production • Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses • Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) • Improve the efficiency of power plants • Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: • Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel • Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation • Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: • Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city • Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: • Regulate and reduce the livestock number • Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): • Use waste heat from cement plants • Use fly ash in cement production • Use coal bed methaneWaste: • Reduce the waste volume for landfill through the improved waste treatment and recycling process • Increase the share of the population with access to improved sanitation and hygiene facilities Total GHG emission reduction from the non-energy sector 5,623.5 Total GHG emission reduction 16,888.1 D. Adaptation Targets Goals Targets Animal husbandry and pastureland Increase the productivity of the animal husbandry sector while ensuring the sustainable development of the sector and reducing the impacts and risks associated with climate change.","{'text': 'Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
883,NLD,Netherlands,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Netherlands.pdf,"Another point for attention is to increase the availability of emission-free energy sources. As an example, the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles will be brought up to standard and legislation and subsidies will be deployed to increase the production of hydrogen, sustainable advanced biofuels and renewable synthetic fuels. Furthermore, the purchase and use of emission-free vehicles will be stimulated and the use ofemission-producing vehicles will be discouraged through zero-emission zones, amended policies for delivery vans and research into a potential transition to a payment according to use model after 2025. Through innovation programmes, the government will continue to work on social innovation and behavioural change, digitalisation and improved sustainability for vehicles, battery technology and energy carriers.","{'text': 'Through innovation programmes, the government will continue to work on social innovation and behavioural change, digitalisation and improved sustainability for vehicles, battery technology and energy carriers.', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
884,NLD,Netherlands,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Netherlands.pdf,"Through innovation programmes, the government will continue to work on social innovation and behavioural change, digitalisation and improved sustainability for vehicles, battery technology and energy carriers. Agriculture and land use With regard to agriculture, the focus will mainly be on the further development of solutions that could contribute to the further transition towards nature-inclusive and circular agriculture. As for livestock farming, efforts will concentrate on making stables emission-free, making changes to animal feed and improving the processing of manure. In the greenhouse horticulture sector, work will continue on achieving energy savings, generating sustainable energy and using heating provided by third parties and CO2 for fertilisation.","{'text': 'Through innovation programmes, the government will continue to work on social innovation and behavioural change, digitalisation and improved sustainability for vehicles, battery technology and energy carriers.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
885,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
886,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"This means that energy and resource efficiency are high and a circular economy underpins low-emission, sustainable production and consumption. As a result of technological advances, the transport sector is using zero- and low-emission solutions for passenger cars, public transport and heavy goods vehicles. Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector. Emissions from goods and products supplied by Norwegian industry are low.","{'text': 'Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
887,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"It is intended to bring about reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector that are consistent with Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society, and to reduce other adverse environmental impacts. Other important elements of the plan include phasing in new technology, the development of infrastructure for zero-emission vehicles, and tax policy. The Government’s initiatives for freight transport; for public transport, walking and cycling; and for green shipping should also reduce emissions from the sector. Norway’s electric vehicle policy has already reduced average greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars. About 8 % of passenger cars in Norway were electric by the first quarter of 2019. The Ministry of Climate and Environment tasked Enova with establishing a zero-emission fund, which was launched in summer 2019.","{'text': 'Other important elements of the plan include phasing in new technology, the development of infrastructure for zero-emission vehicles, and tax policy.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
888,BOL,Bolivia (Plurinational State of),2nd NDC,I_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_Bolivia-2021-2030_UNFCCC_en.pdf,"With cooperation, approximately 12% would be reached. Description: Specifically, the goal is to implement at the national level the pilot experiences developed at the subnational level of replacing conventional street lighting fixtures with LED technology. The national goal to date, until 2030, is to replace a total of 38,108 conventional luminaires 12 (6% of the national inventory) with LED technology. Contribution to SDGs: The goal will contribute to SDGs 8, 11, 12 and 13. Electric mobility Goal (9) By 2030, an annual growth of 10% in the share of electric vehicles in the Bolivian public transportation fleet has been achieved. Conditionality: Goal to be met with national effort. With cooperation the goal would be increased.","{'text': 'Specifically, the goal is to implement at the national level the pilot experiences developed at the subnational level of replacing conventional street lighting fixtures with LED technology. The national goal to date, until 2030, is to replace a total of 38,108 conventional luminaires 12 (6% of the national inventory) with LED technology.', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
889,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
890,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'cycling and pedestrian lanes', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
891,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'cycling and pedestrian lanes', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
892,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment;', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
893,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment;', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
894,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
895,FRA,France,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050. Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.","{'text': 'Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
896,FRA,France,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads. Support the development of public transport: for daily journeys, increase the range of public transport options in the urban, interurban and rail transport networks (transilien, TER, RER); for long-distance rail options the emphasis should be put on improving network performance, particularly with a view to encouraging a modal shift from air to rail. As a reminder, the baseline scenario aims to increase the modal share of public transport by 7 points between 2015 and 2050.","{'text': 'Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
897,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will address comprehensively to transform the urban structure, such as ways of living and land usage considering mitigation and adaptation measures, with public-private partnership. The Government will promote compact cities, the creation of spaces that are ""Comfortable and Walkable"" by combining with the Improving Pedestrian Convenience Road System (Hokomichi) and comfort improvement zones, and the measures and projects based on the Comprehensive Urban and Regional Transportation Strategy. Furthermore, the Government will comprehensively promote the area decarbonization in cities through facilitating area-wide energy networks, developing and preserving parks and green spaces as carbon sinks, using digital technology, and mobilizing private finance by supporting private- 58 - urban development that are environmentally friendly to revitalize urban areas, and enhancing the social implementation of smart cities.","{'text': 'The Government will promote compact cities, the creation of spaces that are ""Comfortable and Walkable"" by combining with the Improving Pedestrian Convenience Road System (Hokomichi) and comfort improvement zones,', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
898,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"Energy By 2030, increase the reliable supply of clean energy, ensuring access to all. Increase the quantity (kWh), quality, reliability, and affordability of electricity access fromParties to provide other relevant information renewable sources. Strengthen transmission and distribution links to support upscaling of e-cooking, e-heating, e- transport and charging stations. Develop enabling environment to provide power to small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) using distributed renewable energy generation sources. Promote public electric mobility through policy incentives, including subsidy policies and other financial mechanisms. By 2025, ensure at least three provinces operate electric public transport, three provinces establish vehicle fitness test centres to monitor and regulate vehicular emissions, and all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.","{'text': 'all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
899,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"By 2025, ensure at least three provinces operate electric public transport, three provinces establish vehicle fitness test centres to monitor and regulate vehicular emissions, and all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land use (AFOLU) (Forestry) Forests under community-based management will comprise at least 60% of Nepal’s forest area; management committees will have 50% women representation and proportional representation of Dalits and Indigenous People in key posts. By 2030, institutional mechanisms and structures in place and adequate provision of budget to ensure social and environmental safeguards including Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC); forest tenure and access to finance and technology for Local Communities, women and Indigenous People.","{'text': 'all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
900,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The transport sector for its part remains a major consumer of fossil fuels as motor vehicles: in passenger cars, sea and air vessels, burn gasoline, diesel or jet fuel in internal combustion engines. The Government of Seychelles has identified the promotion of active and electric mobility as a strategy for reducing road transport-related GHG emissions as well as increasing the share of RE storage and penetration. To contribute to the key climate change mitigation actions on lowering the carbon intensity of the mobility sector, Seychelles undertakes to: • Reduce high-carbon mobility by urban planning and use of TIC. • Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport.","{'text': 'walking pathways and routes', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
901,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport. • Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public transportation, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, to make mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs. • Promote EV mobility in Seychelles. 7.1.2.3 Solid Waste ManagementFor waste management, the Government policy in the previous NDC was to capture 50% landfill gas from disused Providence I landfill for flaring by 2025 (17kt CO2e). At the time of this update (2021), the Country is making use of Providence II landfill (disposal unit 1) since 2015 and with expected end life of 2025.","{'text': 'walking pathways and routes', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
902,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
903,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
904,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.","{'text': 'actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
905,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways', 'answer_start': 173}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
906,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
907,CHN,China,1st NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf,"Building Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Industrial System • To embark on a new path of industrialization, developing a circular economy, optimizing the industrial structure, revising the guidance catalogue of the adjustment of industrial structure, strictly controlling the total expansion of industries with extensive energy consumption and emissions, accelerating the elimination of outdated production capacity and promoting the development of service industry and strategic emerging industries; • To promote the share of value added from strategic emerging industries reaching 15% of the total GDP by 2020; • To promote low-carbon development of industrial sectors, implementing Action Plan of Industries Addressing Climate Change (2012-2020) and formulating carbon emission control target and action plans in key industries; • To research and formulate greenhouse gas emission standards for key industries; • To effectively control emissions from key sectors including power, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, building materials and chemical industries through energy conservation and efficiency improvement; • To strengthen the management of carbon emissions for new projects and to actively control greenhouse gas emissions originating from the industrial production process; • To construct a recycling-based industrial system, promoting recycling restructure in industrial parks, increasing the recycling and utilization of renewable resources and improving the production rate of resource; • To phase down the production and consumption of HCFC-22 for controlled uses, with its production to be reduced by 35% from the 2010 level by 2020, and by 67.5% by 2025 and to achieve effective control on emissions of HFC-• To promote the low-carbon development in agriculture, making efforts to achieve zero growth of fertilizer and pesticide utilization by 2020; • To control methane emissions from rice fields and nitrous oxide emissions from farmland; • To construct a recyclable agriculture system, promoting comprehensive utilization of straw, reutilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and comprehensive utilization of animal waste; and • To promote low-carbon development of service industry, actively developing low-carbon business, tourism and foodservice and vigorously promoting service industries to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors • To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; • To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings’ life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; • To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; • To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;• To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; • To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; • To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; • To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and • To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.","{'text': 'Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities', 'answer_start': 575}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
908,CHN,China,1st NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf,"E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors • To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; • To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings’ life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; • To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; • To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;• To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; • To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; • To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; • To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and • To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks • To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; • To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; • To strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands and to increase carbon storage capacity of wetlands; and • To continue to restore grassland from grazing land, to promote mechanism of maintaining the balance between grass stock and livestock, to prevent grassland degradation, to restore vegetation of grassland, to enhance grasslanddisaster prevention and farmland protection and to improve carbon storage of soil.","{'text': 'Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities', 'answer_start': 244}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
909,NOR,Norway,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
910,NOR,Norway,LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"Outside the larger towns, communities have dynamic centres with a good balance between residential areas, commercial activities and workplaces. Footpaths and cycle paths, green spaces and outdoor recreation areas have been combined with easy access to cultural activities, workplaces, school and other activities. Even though it is not possible for everyone to walk or cycle to work and school, zero-emission vehicles and better public transport have more or less eliminated emissions from passenger transport. Densification of urban areas reduces the need for building on undeveloped land that can instead serve as carbon sinks. This is being done in a way that takes into account the need for green spaces, promotes people’s well-being and results in dynamic cities and communities.","{'text': 'Footpaths and cycle paths, green spaces and outdoor recreation areas have been combined with easy access to cultural activities, workplaces, school and other activities. Even though it is not possible for everyone to walk or cycle to work and school, zero-emission vehicles and better public transport have more or less eliminated emissions from passenger transport.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
911,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'accessible pedestrian routes', 'answer_start': 224}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
912,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'accessible pedestrian routes', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
913,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy. Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks Introduce E-mobility programme and plans to promote the use of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motor tricycles, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. Develop strategy on the age limit of vehicles imported into Sierra Leone Adoption and application of climate- smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Goal: to Increase agricultural productivity and reduce deforestation improvement in Agricultural practices Objective 2: Using the wet and low land for crop production to reduce deforestation.","{'text': 'Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
914,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Accelerate the uptake of low emission taxis and buses by: • Providing £50 million for the Plug-in Taxi programme, which gives taxi drivers up to £7,500 off the purchase price of a new ULEV taxi, alongside £14 million to support 10 local areas to deliver dedicated charge points for taxis • Providing £100 million for a national programme of support for retrofitting and new low emission buses in England and Wales 26. Work with industry as they develop an Automotive Sector Deal to accelerate the transition to zero emission vehicles 27. Announce plans for the public sector to lead the way in transitioning to zero emissions vehicles 28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29.","{'text': '28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
915,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"There are many opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation while also saving money for households, improving environmental quality and health in communities, and providing more choices for moving people and goods. Policies that can contribute to emissions reduction pathways consistent with the NDC include: tailpipe emissions and efficiency standards; incentives for zero emission personal vehicles; funding for charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; and research, development, demonstration, and deployment efforts to support advances in very low carbon new-generation renewable fuels for applications like aviation, and other cutting-edge transportation technologies across modes. Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
916,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled. While the emissions pathways analyzed focus on domestic emissions reduction, the United States is also exploring ways to support decarbonization of international maritime and aviation energy use through domestic action as well as through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). • Buildings: Building sector emissions come from electricity use, as well as fossil fuels burned on site for heating air and water and for cooking. There are many options to avoid these emissions while reducing energy cost burden for families and improving health and resilience in communities.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
917,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad. El trabajo remoto o teletrabajo contribuye a reducir la huella de carbono, así como de otros contaminantes atmosféricos, lo que fortalece las políticas de cambio climático y también las de calidad del aire. Finalmente, la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculación de la planeación urbana con criterios de cambio climático y de recuperación del espacio público para el peatón, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte público eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados. Todas estas acciones apoyan el cumplimiento de la meta de GEI y son esenciales también para la meta de carbono negro.","{'text': 'recuperación del espacio público para el peatón, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte público eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados', 'answer_start': 64}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
918,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated “rush hour” high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center.","{'text': 'Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls', 'answer_start': 147}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
919,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,S_Walking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated “rush hour” high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center. Industry Programme of action Actions Description and targets Adaptation benefits Baseline scenario Mitigation scenario and private sector development resource efficiency to reduce energy demand in agro processing industries Industrial emissions are mainly resulting from non efficient technologies that are being used by plants during the production process. As Rwanda pursues industrialization and development,unde r the BUA scenario, the industrial sector is expected to be the fastest growing sources of GHG emissions. Under the mitigation scenario, Rwanda is committed to achieve energy efficiency by starting with agro- processing industries as large consumers of wood fuels. By intends to avoid total GHG emission reductions of from Tea and Coffee industries.","{'text': 'Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
920,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
921,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
922,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'cycling and pedestrian lanes', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
923,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'cycling and pedestrian lanes', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
924,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment;', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
925,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment;', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
926,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"57.000 vehículos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - Río Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del Río Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del río. Transporte de 8 millones de toneladas de carga anuales 0,20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Transporte Activo y gestión de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participación modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigación directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull (algunas medidas incentivan el transporte activo -Pull-, otras desincentivan el uso del automóvil individual -Push-). Incremento en la participación modal de la bicicleta en un 5,5% en las ciudades participantes: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Soledad, Bucaramanga, Soacha, Pereira, Santa Marta, Valledupar, Pasto, Montería, Neiva, Armenia, Sincelejo, Popayán.","{'text': 'NAMA Transporte Activo y gestión de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participación modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigación directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull', 'answer_start': 52}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
927,DNK,Denmark,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
928,DNK,Denmark,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding. · Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points.,"{'text': 'DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
929,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos. Modernización del parque vehicular público por unidades eléctricas e híbridas. 22. Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuación de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses eléctricos. 24. Introducción de marcos habilitantes para la modernización del parque de vehículos privados (sustitución por vehículos híbridos y 100 % eléctricos). 25. Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.","{'text': 'Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades', 'answer_start': 84}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
930,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Acciones requeridas para su adecuación a lo establecido bajo el Acuerdo de París Promover el uso de modos masivos de movilidad terrestre frente a modos individualizados, para lograr un uso más eficiente de la infraestructura vial disponible y reducir los taponamientos en las ciudades. Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% eléctricos e híbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios privados y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medición de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos eléctricos/híbridos, a partir de la emisión del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medición, Reporte y Verificación (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Título de la opción: Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades.","{'text': 'Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades', 'answer_start': 132}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
931,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% eléctricos e híbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios privados y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medición de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos eléctricos/híbridos, a partir de la emisión del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medición, Reporte y Verificación (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero.Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Título de la opción: Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. Objetivo Reducción de GEI en el sector transporte e inversiones para implementar ciclo vías en las ciudades que los carriles lo permitan.","{'text': 'Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades', 'answer_start': 88}",es-ES,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
932,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
933,FJI,Fiji,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"From the socio-economic perspective, increased use of PT is seen as economically profitable due to time savings and vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in the mode share of PT can be achieved with demand management measures which have a very low cost, or with supply measures which can entail high investment costs and/or support subsidies, or a combination of supply and demand measures. Actual costs thus depend on specific policies and strategies for promoting PT. Increased use of NMT is seen as economically profitable due to vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.","{'text': 'The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
934,FJI,Fiji,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities. Again, actual costs depend on the specific policies chosen. Some estimations of costs are given in Annex A. 90To avoid excessive scrapping costs, a regulation establishing vehicle maximum age should be put into place prior to 2030 as then purchasers of vehicles are aware of their commercial lifespan of the vehicle and cannot claim after 20 years a residual value to be paid by the government.","{'text': 'The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
935,FRA,France,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.","{'text': 'Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
936,FRA,France,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050. Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.","{'text': 'Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
937,FRA,France,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050. Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.","{'text': 'Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
938,FRA,France,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads. Support the development of public transport: for daily journeys, increase the range of public transport options in the urban, interurban and rail transport networks (transilien, TER, RER); for long-distance rail options the emphasis should be put on improving network performance, particularly with a view to encouraging a modal shift from air to rail. As a reminder, the baseline scenario aims to increase the modal share of public transport by 7 points between 2015 and 2050.","{'text': 'Implement a package of actions that contribute to meeting these objectives: developing secure cycle parks, creating bike paths, supporting the use of bicycles, constructing pedestrian and cycle spaces during renovation and/or extension work on roads.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
939,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Figure 25 The Image of “Comfortable and Walkable” Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with  systems, expanding the area of their services while consolidating them, extending their service life, and improving their disaster prevention functions.","{'text': 'in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
940,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with  systems, expanding the area of their services while consolidating them, extending their service life, and improving their disaster prevention functions. In the field of construction works, in the short term, the goal is to reduce CO2 emissions by promoting the use of construction machinery with superior fuel efficiency, while in the long term, a certification system for innovative construction equipment (electric, hydrogen, biomass, etc.)","{'text': 'in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
941,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"Energy By 2030, increase the reliable supply of clean energy, ensuring access to all. Increase the quantity (kWh), quality, reliability, and affordability of electricity access fromParties to provide other relevant information renewable sources. Strengthen transmission and distribution links to support upscaling of e-cooking, e-heating, e- transport and charging stations. Develop enabling environment to provide power to small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) using distributed renewable energy generation sources. Promote public electric mobility through policy incentives, including subsidy policies and other financial mechanisms. By 2025, ensure at least three provinces operate electric public transport, three provinces establish vehicle fitness test centres to monitor and regulate vehicular emissions, and all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.","{'text': 'all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
942,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"By 2025, ensure at least three provinces operate electric public transport, three provinces establish vehicle fitness test centres to monitor and regulate vehicular emissions, and all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land use (AFOLU) (Forestry) Forests under community-based management will comprise at least 60% of Nepal’s forest area; management committees will have 50% women representation and proportional representation of Dalits and Indigenous People in key posts. By 2030, institutional mechanisms and structures in place and adequate provision of budget to ensure social and environmental safeguards including Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC); forest tenure and access to finance and technology for Local Communities, women and Indigenous People.","{'text': 'all metropolitan cities have roads paved with bicycle and pedestrian lanes.', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
943,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The transport sector for its part remains a major consumer of fossil fuels as motor vehicles: in passenger cars, sea and air vessels, burn gasoline, diesel or jet fuel in internal combustion engines. The Government of Seychelles has identified the promotion of active and electric mobility as a strategy for reducing road transport-related GHG emissions as well as increasing the share of RE storage and penetration. To contribute to the key climate change mitigation actions on lowering the carbon intensity of the mobility sector, Seychelles undertakes to: • Reduce high-carbon mobility by urban planning and use of TIC. • Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport.","{'text': 'Create secure and attractive urban cycling', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
944,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport. • Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public transportation, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, to make mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs. • Promote EV mobility in Seychelles. 7.1.2.3 Solid Waste ManagementFor waste management, the Government policy in the previous NDC was to capture 50% landfill gas from disused Providence I landfill for flaring by 2025 (17kt CO2e). At the time of this update (2021), the Country is making use of Providence II landfill (disposal unit 1) since 2015 and with expected end life of 2025.","{'text': 'Create secure and attractive urban cycling', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
945,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.","{'text': 'Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
946,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings.', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
947,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
948,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
949,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.","{'text': 'actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
950,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Promote the use of bicycles', 'answer_start': 166}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
951,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Promote the use of bicycles', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
952,KHM,Cambodia,1st NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cambodia%27s%20INDC%20to%20the%20UNFCCC.pdf,"Manufacturing Industries Promoting use of renewable energy and adopting energy efficiency for garment factory, rice mills, and brick kilns. Transport Promoting mass public transport. Improving operation and maintenance of vehicles through motor vehicle inspection and eco-driving, and the increased use of hybrid cars, electric vehicles and bicycles. Other Promoting energy efficiency for buildings and more efficient cookstoves. Reducing emissions from waste through use of biodigesters and water filters. Use of renewable energy for irrigation and solar lamps.","{'text': 'increased use of hybrid cars, electric vehicles and bicycles', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
953,CHN,China,1st NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf,"Building Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Industrial System • To embark on a new path of industrialization, developing a circular economy, optimizing the industrial structure, revising the guidance catalogue of the adjustment of industrial structure, strictly controlling the total expansion of industries with extensive energy consumption and emissions, accelerating the elimination of outdated production capacity and promoting the development of service industry and strategic emerging industries; • To promote the share of value added from strategic emerging industries reaching 15% of the total GDP by 2020; • To promote low-carbon development of industrial sectors, implementing Action Plan of Industries Addressing Climate Change (2012-2020) and formulating carbon emission control target and action plans in key industries; • To research and formulate greenhouse gas emission standards for key industries; • To effectively control emissions from key sectors including power, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, building materials and chemical industries through energy conservation and efficiency improvement; • To strengthen the management of carbon emissions for new projects and to actively control greenhouse gas emissions originating from the industrial production process; • To construct a recycling-based industrial system, promoting recycling restructure in industrial parks, increasing the recycling and utilization of renewable resources and improving the production rate of resource; • To phase down the production and consumption of HCFC-22 for controlled uses, with its production to be reduced by 35% from the 2010 level by 2020, and by 67.5% by 2025 and to achieve effective control on emissions of HFC-• To promote the low-carbon development in agriculture, making efforts to achieve zero growth of fertilizer and pesticide utilization by 2020; • To control methane emissions from rice fields and nitrous oxide emissions from farmland; • To construct a recyclable agriculture system, promoting comprehensive utilization of straw, reutilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and comprehensive utilization of animal waste; and • To promote low-carbon development of service industry, actively developing low-carbon business, tourism and foodservice and vigorously promoting service industries to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors • To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; • To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings’ life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; • To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; • To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;• To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; • To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; • To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; • To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and • To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.","{'text': 'Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities', 'answer_start': 575}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
954,CHN,China,1st NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf,"E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors • To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; • To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings’ life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; • To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; • To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;• To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; • To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; • To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; • To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and • To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks • To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; • To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; • To strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands and to increase carbon storage capacity of wetlands; and • To continue to restore grassland from grazing land, to promote mechanism of maintaining the balance between grass stock and livestock, to prevent grassland degradation, to restore vegetation of grassland, to enhance grasslanddisaster prevention and farmland protection and to improve carbon storage of soil.","{'text': 'Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities', 'answer_start': 244}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
955,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%92%20ENG%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2008102021.pdf,"Reducing coal consumption through gasification of households in the country (WM)19 1.2. Replacement of light vehicles with internal combustion engines for electric vehicles (WAM) 1.3. Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development (WM) 1.4. Reduction of electricity losses during transmission (WM) 1.5. Reduction of electricity losses during distribution (WM)19 1.6. Replacement of buses with diesel/gasoline fuel engines by buses with gas-powered engines in Bishkek (WM) 1.7. Reconstruction and improvement of the heat supply system of the city of Bishkek (WM) 1.8. Replacement of diesel/ gasoline fuel engines buses with buses with gas-powered engines in Osh city (WAM) 16 The presented measures were collected and discussed during the consultations of the first round of sectoral technical meetings. The calculation methodology was presented, discussed and agreed upon in a second round of technical meetings with sector stakeholders. 17 Evaluation by UNDP. 18 Evaluation by UNDP.","{'text': 'Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
956,NPL,Nepal,1st NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nepal%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Conservation and management of this area, including implementation of forests, soil and water conservation activities, is expected to greatly sequestrate carbon and could function as the carbon sink. c. Moving towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Promotion of public transport system and bicycle use, introduction of fuel tax used in Kathmandu Valley for air quality improvement and further promotion of non-motorised transport would contribute to the reduction of pollution in urban areas. d. Promoting Climate Friendly Practices in Agriculture Nepal is implementing farmers schools where local varieties of crops will be promoted using local and indigenous knowledge and building on efficient technologies. Similarly, efforts are underway to develop flood and drought-resistant crop varieties to cope with climate change impacts.","{'text': 'Promotion of public transport system and bicycle use', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
957,NOR,Norway,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
958,NOR,Norway,LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"Outside the larger towns, communities have dynamic centres with a good balance between residential areas, commercial activities and workplaces. Footpaths and cycle paths, green spaces and outdoor recreation areas have been combined with easy access to cultural activities, workplaces, school and other activities. Even though it is not possible for everyone to walk or cycle to work and school, zero-emission vehicles and better public transport have more or less eliminated emissions from passenger transport. Densification of urban areas reduces the need for building on undeveloped land that can instead serve as carbon sinks. This is being done in a way that takes into account the need for green spaces, promotes people’s well-being and results in dynamic cities and communities.","{'text': 'Footpaths and cycle paths, green spaces and outdoor recreation areas have been combined with easy access to cultural activities, workplaces, school and other activities. Even though it is not possible for everyone to walk or cycle to work and school, zero-emission vehicles and better public transport have more or less eliminated emissions from passenger transport.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
959,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Promote a well-developed cycling path network,', 'answer_start': 218}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
960,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Promote a well-developed cycling path network,', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
961,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy. Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks Introduce E-mobility programme and plans to promote the use of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motor tricycles, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. Develop strategy on the age limit of vehicles imported into Sierra Leone Adoption and application of climate- smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Goal: to Increase agricultural productivity and reduce deforestation improvement in Agricultural practices Objective 2: Using the wet and low land for crop production to reduce deforestation.","{'text': 'Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
962,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Accelerate the uptake of low emission taxis and buses by: • Providing £50 million for the Plug-in Taxi programme, which gives taxi drivers up to £7,500 off the purchase price of a new ULEV taxi, alongside £14 million to support 10 local areas to deliver dedicated charge points for taxis • Providing £100 million for a national programme of support for retrofitting and new low emission buses in England and Wales 26. Work with industry as they develop an Automotive Sector Deal to accelerate the transition to zero emission vehicles 27. Announce plans for the public sector to lead the way in transitioning to zero emissions vehicles 28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29.","{'text': '28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
963,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"There are many opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation while also saving money for households, improving environmental quality and health in communities, and providing more choices for moving people and goods. Policies that can contribute to emissions reduction pathways consistent with the NDC include: tailpipe emissions and efficiency standards; incentives for zero emission personal vehicles; funding for charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; and research, development, demonstration, and deployment efforts to support advances in very low carbon new-generation renewable fuels for applications like aviation, and other cutting-edge transportation technologies across modes. Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
964,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Cycling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled. While the emissions pathways analyzed focus on domestic emissions reduction, the United States is also exploring ways to support decarbonization of international maritime and aviation energy use through domestic action as well as through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). • Buildings: Building sector emissions come from electricity use, as well as fossil fuels burned on site for heating air and water and for cooking. There are many options to avoid these emissions while reducing energy cost burden for families and improving health and resilience in communities.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How active mobility is being promoted in the transport sector?
965,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Researchers and policymakers are working hand in hand to achieve a broad consensus through effective awareness-raising programmes. The transformation will also rely on improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.17 The bicycle as a climate-neutral vehicle closes the crucial gap between public transportation and the “last mile” in a decarbonised transport system. The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires.","{'text': 'improved offers in local and regional transport, traffic flow optimisation to make more efficient use of infrastructure, mobility management for companies, towns, and tourism, and the use of digitalisation for mobility services such as car and ride sharing, as well as on improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
966,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
967,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
968,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
969,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
970,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To define the Roadmap to consolidate a Research and Development (R&D) cluster in Hydrogen • To implement the inter-institutional action plan to promote the use of hydrogen in the transport sector. • To conduct pre-feasibility studies of the identified key projects, and define a business model • To design the pilot project of hydrogen public buses • To publicize the lessons in terms of costs, performance and infrastructure.1.2.5 To analyze the options for new undertakings and business models to promote shared mobility schemes in the country. 1.2.6 To launch communication campaigns that promotes public transport and zero-emissions. • To communicate about the benefits of zero-emissions public transport in the long-term and its relationship with the goal of decarbonization.","{'text': 'To analyze the options for new undertakings and business models to promote shared mobility schemes in the country', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
971,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Number of municipalities implementing transport-oriented development practices Number of municipalities participating in the Carbon Neutral Program o To conduct pre-feasibility studies of the identified key projects, and define a business model o To design the pilot project of hydrogen public buses o To publicize the lessons in terms of costs, performance and infrastructure. 1.2.5 To analyze the options for new undertakings and business models to promote shared mobility schemes in the country. 1.2.6. To launch communication campaigns that promotes public transport and zero- emissions. o To communicate about the benefits of zero-emissions public transport in the long- term and its relationship with the goal of decarbonization. o To raise awareness about pioneer bus companies with zero-emission technologies. o To raise awareness about real-time information of an air quality monitoring system to warn the population about high contamination situations.","{'text': 'To analyze the options for new undertakings and business models to promote shared mobility schemes in the country', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
972,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
973,FRA,France,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly. f) Guideline T 6: Manage increased demand for transport Encourage new ways of working: ◦ particularly with ambitious objectives for teleworking (for example: 50% of French teleworkers work at home on average 20% of the time, that is 10% of home-worked hours on the national scale); ◦ by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers. Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)","{'text': 'Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
974,FRA,France,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.) over short distances and in zones not covered by public transport and develop tools and infrastructures that facilitate shared mobility: for example, invest in multimodal exchange hubs facilitating public transport and new types of mobility. Support the circular economy and short supply circuits so as to uncouple growth in traffic and freight from GDP. For all new infrastructure projects, take the impact of traffic generated into account in public decision-making in order to achieve a “carbon audit” (construction/use/maintenance) that is coherent with the climate policies. See also the guidelines in chapter 4.1.iv. “Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”.","{'text': 'Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
975,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"At the same time, based on Bicycle Use Promotion Act (Law No. 113 of 2016), which clearly states that the degree of dependence on automobiles in transportation should be reduced, it is necessary to promote the use of bicycles by increasing bicycle sharing for commuting purposes. In light of the fact that truck transportation accounts for approx. 80% of domestic freight transportation, and that CO2 emissions from trucks (total of commercial and private use) account for approx. 7% of Japan s total CO2 emissions, it is a challenge to improve the efficiency in freight transportation and to shift to the mode of transportation with a lower CO2 emission intensity. The shipping, aviation, and railway sectors account for approx.","{'text': 'based on Bicycle Use Promotion Act (Law No. 113 of 2016), which clearly states that the degree of dependence on automobiles in transportation should be reduced, it is necessary to promote the use of bicycles by increasing bicycle sharing for commuting purposes.', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
976,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"64Co-modality – combining of one or several modes of transport in order to use resources in an optimum and sustainable manner.Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 43 been created, introducing green infrastructure solutions in urban environment. Mainly railway is used in intercity carriage because it uses less energy per passenger-kilometre than road transport. The public transport is conveniently linked to the international transport (connections with airports and ports). The sharing culture has been developed, allowing to use vehicles individually or jointly for a specific fee. • Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage The link-up of road transport with the rail and port infrastructures has reduced the fuel consumption and GHG emissions from road transport.","{'text': 'The sharing culture has been developed, allowing to use vehicles individually or jointly for a specific fee.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
977,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
978,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 35}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
979,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"autonomous vehicles) and can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25 % in 2050. The most significant impact of circularity refers to the significant increase in the use of public transport, which leads to a reduction in total transport energy consumption of between 3% and 2% in 2030 and 2050, respectively. Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen.","{'text': 'associated to shared mobility', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
980,PRT,Portugal,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"Main decarbonisation drivers in the transport sector: • Greater efficiency and reinforcement of public transport systems; • Active and low-impact mobility; • Greater efficiency, associated to shared mobility and autonomous vehicles; • Electrification; • Biofuels and hydrogen. FUEL Unit: PJ ENERGY INTENSITY Unit: MJ/pKmLONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 4.1.3 Industry and industrial processes The industrial sector is made up of a wide range of activities and processes, including sectors such as refining, pulp and paper production, glass, ceramics, cement and lime, iron and steel, chemicals, among others. Their emissions derive from the consumption of fossil fuels and, in some sectors, emissions from the chemical processes involved.","{'text': 'associated to shared mobility', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
981,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.","{'text': 'ii) expand shared mobility;', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
982,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.","{'text': 'ii) expand shared mobility;', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
983,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. Given that half of the entire population in Korea is living in Seoul capital area, policies to promote the use of public transportation in/out of the metropolitan area will solve the problem of traffic congestion during rush hours. Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving.","{'text': 'Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving.', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
984,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving. Meanwhile, optimization of car operation and reduced energy consumption within existing road system could be achieved with the development of a Cooperative Intelligent Transport System45) and commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Korea has already put in place the advanced intelligent transport system that offers users real-time information on road traffic demands and accidents. The system is closely connected to individual car navigation systems, which help drivers find optimal routes to maximize vehicle operational efficiency. AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions.","{'text': 'Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
985,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions. We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.","{'text': 'Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
986,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.","{'text': 'Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
987,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Carpooling', 'answer_start': 151}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
988,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Carpooling', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
989,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.","{'text': 'Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
990,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
991,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"Rail transport and measures of sustainable mobility are put to the forefront, which will reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector and reduce traffic density. To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
992,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
993,CHN,China,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. ⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.","{'text': 'new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
994,CHN,China,LTS,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars. ⚫ Accelerate the development, promotion and application of key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies and products in the transportation sector.Accelerate the transformation of energy structure in the transportation sector. ⚫ Continue to increase the retention rate of new energy vehicles. ⚫ Promote the realization of electrification, new energy and cleanness of urban public transportation and urban logistics and distribution vehicles and promote the use of new energy for private cars and trucks. ⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation.","{'text': 'new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
995,NAM,Namibia,1st NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Namibia%20Final%20pdf.pdf,"ENERGY The rationale behind the measures in the energy sector relates to broad actions to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency through various DSM measures, and reduce fossil fuel consumption through a series of measures in the road transportation sector. The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq.","{'text': 'Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
996,NAM,Namibia,1st NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Namibia%20Final%20pdf.pdf,"The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq. Potential contribution of the different measures in the energy sector are listed below.","{'text': 'Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
997,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.","{'text': 'Shared electric micro mobility', 'answer_start': 141}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
998,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.","{'text': 'Shared electric micro mobility', 'answer_start': 121}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
999,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"Land transport Reducing GHG emissions in the land transport sector may be achieved by initially electrifying a percentage of vehicles in Samoa, with an incremental percentage increase each year. This shall also provide an opportunity for the inclusion of shared electric micro mobility.53 The successful adoption of these measures will require further feasibility studies and assessments, public acceptance of changes to transportation modes, technology transfer, capacity building, and external financial support. Maritime transport Reducing GHG emissions in the maritime transport sector may be achieved by developing shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport, introducing renewable energy technologies to vessels (solar and biodiesel), and conducting studies to understand viability of low carbon transport options.","{'text': 'Shared electric micro mobility', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1000,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.","{'text': 'Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1001,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_Sharedmob,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.","{'text': 'Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1002,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The selection of where to live and work and the quality and energy consumption intensity of the chosen means of transport are based on the economic conditions. The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system.18 If these goals are to be reached, it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system.192.4.3.4.2 Reducing traffic by the scheme “avoidance, modal shifts, and improvement” The mobility transformation will be achieved by following these principles.","{'text': 'The selection of where to live and work and the quality and energy consumption intensity of the chosen means of transport are based on the economic conditions. The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1003,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"A broad parliamentary majority backs the decision made in 2017 on the climate policy framework. It is also vital that Sweden involves a broad range of groups in producing and implementing the policy and that different actors in society are given every opportunity to play their part in the climate transition. Several large actors in Sweden have already shown that they have the desire, ambition, conditions and opportunity to make their operations climate-friendly while retaining competitiveness. In the initiative for a Fossil Free Sweden instigated by the Swedish Government, a considerable number of sectors and industries have themselves drawn up roadmaps towards very low or zero emissions. The initiative is an important platform for dialogue and cooperation between key actors for a competitive climate transition.","{'text': 'In the initiative for a Fossil Free Sweden instigated by the Swedish Government, a considerable number of sectors and industries have themselves drawn up roadmaps towards very low or zero emissions. The initiative is an important platform for dialogue and cooperation between key actors for a competitive climate transition.', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1004,DEU,Germany,LTS,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"→ → Sustainable investment needs investors who are interested in sustainability and it needs appropriate financing instruments and products. The German government will do its utmost in multilateral con- texts to ensure that sustainability goals play a greater role, for example in funding provided by the multi- lateral development banks. The multilateral develop- ment banks should make a greater contribution to the mobilisation of private resources for sustainable investment than has previously been the case. Sustainable trade International trade also causes external costs. The fuel used for aviation and maritime shipping is subsidised and/or mostly exempt from taxation. Germany should advocate the elimination of subsidies and appropriate taxation in this area. Principles of sustainability should also play a greater role in trade agreements. Trade in sustainable products and services should be preferred.","{'text': 'The fuel used for aviation and maritime shipping is subsidised and/or mostly exempt from taxation. Germany should advocate the elimination of subsidies and appropriate taxation in this area. Principles of sustainability should also play a greater role in trade agreements.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1005,IND,India,1st NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf," Neeranchal is a new programme to give additional impetus to watershed development in the country.  Launched National Mission for Clean Ganga (Namami Gange) which seeks to rejuvenate the river.  National Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (NBWUE) proposed for promotion, regulation and control efficient use of water.  ‘Give It Up’ Campaign launched to encourage citizens to give up subsidy on cooking gas to meet the needs of the truly needy citizens, thereby promote shift away from inefficient use of biomass in rural areas.CLIMATE FINANCE POLICIES  Setting up of INR 3,500 million (USD 55.6 million) National Adaptation Fund.  Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG.","{'text': 'Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1006,IND,India,1st NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf," Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG.  Coal cess quadrupled from INR 50 to INR 200 per tonne to help finance clean energy projects and Ganga rejuvenation.","{'text': 'Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1007,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1008,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"The UAE has also established an indoor lighting standard that introduces energy efficient lighting products and phases-out inefficient lighting products in the UAE market. Transport and Infrastructure Infrastructure development is critical to the UAE’s plans for economic diversification and the country has made infrastructure development a key priority area. The government is investing heavily in world-class traffic and transport systems. For example, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has adopted a comprehensive urban structure framework plan, to optimize the city’s development up to 2030. The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices.","{'text': 'the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1009,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.","{'text': 'the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1010,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UpdateNDC-EN-2022.pdf,"The diverse set of priority sectors includes renewable energy equipment and technology, energy infrastructure, water desalination, and agriculture. Transport With the aim of supporting the economy and encouraging smart mobility choices, in 2015, the UAE initiated a far-reaching fuel pricing reform, linking gasoline and diesel prices to international market prices. Since then, the country has madewww.moccae.gov.ae A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition further progress in supporting sustainable transport, and providing clean transport infrastructure and services. During the next decade, the UAE looks to capitalize on the opportunities being presented by advances in electrification and automation of mobility. According to the UAE’s fuel quality standards, diesel consumed in the country must comply with 10 ppm sulfur content and Euro 5 standards.","{'text': 'With the aim of supporting the economy and encouraging smart mobility choices, in 2015, the UAE initiated a far-reaching fuel pricing reform, linking gasoline and diesel prices to international market prices.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1011,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To encourage new economic and financial mechanisms, including NAMAs and possible emissions markets, in order to incentivize mitigation actions. • To define energy prices according to a life cycle analysis that considers externalities, including the cost of greenhouse emissions. • To redefine the current energy and water subsidies structure in order to increase efficiency both in power and water consumption. • To gradually adjust residential electricity and water prices to more accurate prices, compensating the vulnerable groups through targeted measures. • To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.","{'text': 'To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.', 'answer_start': 82}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1012,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Fossilfuelsubs,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others. • To guarantee the incorporation of climate change criteria in development bank guidelines for favoring projects that involve renewable and clean energies, and that promote the transition towards less carbon-intensive technologies. • To encourage a mechanism to promote voluntary carbon markets, including forest carbon offset credits. • To identify, strengthen or create specific economic and financial instruments that incentivize the restoration, conservation, sustainable use, and resilience of ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.","{'text': 'To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
1013,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Avoidance The increased digitalisation of work is bringing the workplace and home closer together again, and mobility management will help to avoid unnecessary travel. The previously long commutes to work will be replaced by short trips close to home. This trend will increase the potential for the use of bicycles as a quick mode of transport for short distances. The town structures in rural areas will have a higher density in 2050, which will make walking more attractive and will shift a certain share of transport to foot and bicycle traffic. Accompanying measures will revitalise town centres, this is shown e.g. by the fact that there are more small shops and grocers in towns.","{'text': 'The increased digitalisation of work is bringing the workplace and home closer together again, and mobility management will help to avoid unnecessary travel. The previously long commutes to work will be replaced by short trips close to home. This trend will increase the potential for the use of bicycles as a quick mode of transport for short distances.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1014,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'home-work urban cycling and walking networks', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1015,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'home-work urban cycling and walking networks', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1016,FRA,France,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.","{'text': 'Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1017,FRA,France,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.","{'text': 'strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1018,FRA,France,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly. f) Guideline T 6: Manage increased demand for transport Encourage new ways of working: ◦ particularly with ambitious objectives for teleworking (for example: 50% of French teleworkers work at home on average 20% of the time, that is 10% of home-worked hours on the national scale); ◦ by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers. Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)","{'text': 'by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers.', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1019,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.","{'text': 'Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office.', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1020,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)","{'text': 'Reduce commuting distances and travel time', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1021,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Reduce commuting distances and travel time', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1022,CHN,China,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations,', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1023,UKR,Ukraine,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Ukraine_LEDS_en.pdf,"Eco design establishes minimum requirements, while energy labelling informs buyers on energy and environmental characteristics Improvement the organization of labor relations to encourage, where possible, the use of remote work. № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Improvement the organization of labor relations To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles БАЗ ЕЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ Signe and symbols: БАЗ– Baseline scenario; ЕЕ – «Energy efficiency» scenario; ЕЕ+ВЕ – «Energy efficiency and renewable energy»; ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ – scenario «Energy efficiency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation, market transformation and institutions».","{'text': 'To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1024,UKR,Ukraine,LTS,A_Commute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Ukraine_LEDS_en.pdf,"№ Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Improvement the organization of labor relations To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles БАЗ ЕЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ Signe and symbols: БАЗ– Baseline scenario; ЕЕ – «Energy efficiency» scenario; ЕЕ+ВЕ – «Energy efficiency and renewable energy»; ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ – scenario «Energy efficiency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation, market transformation and institutions». Figure 4.4 shows projected dynamics in GHG emissions for «Energy» and «Industrial processes» in comparison to 1990 (1990=100%) in accordance to Baseline and Alternative scenarios * Data of National Cadaster of anthropogenic emissions from the sources and absorption by absorbents of GHG in Ukraine over 1990-2015 ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ – «Energy efficiency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation»; Figure 4.4.","{'text': 'To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1025,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"by the fact that there are more small shops and grocers in towns. This will shorten the distances that need to be covered, and traffic will be effectively avoided. Modern urban and land use planning will focus on minimising the use of resources and avoiding traffic. For example, the requirement for developers to provide parking spaces for cars when erecting new residential buildings has been replaced with measures for accessing public transport. These and further measures (such as zones with combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and foot traffic) are leading to a reduction of motorised traffic in cities. Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm.","{'text': 'Modern urban and land use planning will focus on minimising the use of resources and avoiding traffic. For example, the requirement for developers to provide parking spaces for cars when erecting new residential buildings has been replaced with measures for accessing public transport.', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1026,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen). The role of inland shipping, which is to switch to renewable energy, has increased considerably. E-fuels produced in the EU through new and innovative technologies and second-generation biofuels will especially be used in aviation. The time required for the relevant approval processes (especially for passenger and freight transport by rail) is to be shortened so that the efficiency gains can be realised rapidly enough. 2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.","{'text': 'Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1027,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure. The surface space required in cities for vehicle parking and traffic has been decreased substantially through a wide range of measures (expansion of public transport, sharing offers, etc. ), which has been very well received by the population. There is more green space, and this has made cities more resilient against the increasing number of heat waves and nights with high temperatures. The air and noise pollution from traffic has been drastically reduced.Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network.","{'text': 'Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1028,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1029,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1030,FRA,France,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.) that cannot be located in urban areas, and diversify their uses. Promote shops in city centres before developing shops on the outskirts and optimise the footprint of existing large commercial activity zones located outside city centres in line with Action 12 of the biodiversity plan to modernise the regulatory framework and governance relating to commercial development. Incorporate measures in the planning documents encouraging the development of renewable energy, particularly in areas where their impact on the landscape, soil quality, the functioning of the ecosystems and biodiversity is limited.","{'text': 'Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.) that cannot be located in urban areas, and diversify their uses.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1031,LVA,Latvia,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.","{'text': 'Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1032,LVA,Latvia,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity. 68For example, Compact of Mayors, Covenant of Mayors, Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Change (NAZCA).Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 49 The infrastructure of non-motorised vehicles is being developed and pedestrian zones are being expanded. The infrastructure of bicycle routes is available and extensively used.","{'text': 'Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1033,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Déploiement maximisé des énergies renouvelables (énergie solaire et éolienne, coopération européenne) et rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable (stratégie hydrogène, décarbonisation d’activités difficiles à électrifier) 3. Options de stockage de l’énergie (options de flexibilité et stockage), réseau électrique intelligent (intégration des énergies renouvelables) et synergies par couplage sectoriel (électrification) 1. Nouvelles constructions décarbonisées, durables, circulaires, résilientes et intelligentes (approche holistique, bâtiments à consommation d’énergie quasi nulle, pompes à chaleur) 2. Rénovations énergétiques profondes et durables (stratégie de rénovation à long terme, feuilles de route de rénovation de bâtiments, réseaux de chaleur) 3. Quartiers à énergie positive, durables et denses (aménagement d’éco-quartiers, communautés énergétiques, densification du parc immobilier) 3. Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1.","{'text': 'planification territoriale et urbaine', 'answer_start': 109}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
1034,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active (plan national de mobilité, pistes cyclables dédiées, attractivité des transports publics, réseau ferroviaire transeuropéen avec connexion appropriée) 2. Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions (électrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. Décarbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (stratégie de décarbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur aérien et maritime (solutions à l’échelle européenne et mondiale, systèmes d’échange de quotas d’émission) 4. Economie (stratégie de décarbonisation de l’industrie, système d’échange de quotas d’émission de l’UE, efficacité énergétique, électrification, hydrogène) 1. Economie circulaire (stratégie pour une économie circulaire Luxembourg, stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg ») 2.","{'text': 'planification territoriale et urbaine', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
1035,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux. Tout d’abord, la décarbonisation du système de mobilité doit être supportée par une planification territoriale et urbaine qui réussit à réduire les besoins en mobilité en dépit de la croissance démographique projetée. Un rapprochement judicieux des fonctions de logement, de travail, d’approvisionnement et de loisirs permet aux citoyens de raccourcir leurs déplacements148. La digitalisation progressive de l’économie donne à un nombre croissant de travailleurs et d’organisations la possibilité de recourir au télétravail149.","{'text': 'planification territoriale et urbaine', 'answer_start': 67}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
1036,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"The transport sector for its part remains a major consumer of fossil fuels as motor vehicles: in passenger cars, sea and air vessels, burn gasoline, diesel or jet fuel in internal combustion engines. The Government of Seychelles has identified the promotion of active and electric mobility as a strategy for reducing road transport-related GHG emissions as well as increasing the share of RE storage and penetration. To contribute to the key climate change mitigation actions on lowering the carbon intensity of the mobility sector, Seychelles undertakes to: • Reduce high-carbon mobility by urban planning and use of TIC. • Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport.","{'text': 'Reduce high-carbon mobility by urban planning', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1037,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"In some cases, journeys can be shortened or replaced entirely. Developing and using technological infrastructure for virtual meetings and remote working are additional examples of how traffic can be reduced without impairing accessibility. A more transport-efficient society demands measures in several sectors and by different actors. The location of homes, services and workplaces is important, as it affects the distances and transportation between them. A large proportion of Sweden’s urban planning, e.g. planning homes, businesses and public transport, takes place at local and regional level. Creating long-term sustainable and robust structures capable of increasing transport efficiency will mean local, regional and national levels will need to coordinate their planning processes to a greater extent.","{'text': 'A more transport-efficient society demands measures in several sectors and by different actors. The location of homes, services and workplaces is important, as it affects the distances and transportation between them. A large proportion of Sweden’s urban planning, e.g. planning homes, businesses and public transport, takes place at local and regional level. Creating long-term sustainable and robust structures capable of increasing transport efficiency will mean local, regional and national levels will need to coordinate their planning processes to a greater extent.', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1038,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"The Federal Council approved the report ""Voraussetzungen für ein Schnellladenetz für Elektroautos auf Nationalstrassen"" (Requirements for a fast-charging network for electric vehicles on national highways) on 28 June 2017. The report outlines how the set-up of a fast- charging network can be driven forward. In addition to future drive systems, traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.","{'text': 'traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1039,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"These projects will focus on demonstrating scalable best-practice approaches for Myanmar‟s secondary cities. This represents a significant opportunity for reducing GHG emissions in the process of achieving Myanmar‟s infrastructure growth needs as well as increasing the resilience of these cities to effects of climate change, as highlighted in section 4.2.3.1. In some city types that are experiencing rapid industrial growth such as Bago, projects target opportunities to enhance energy use efficiencies and manage growing energy demand through projects supporting as improved transport planning or on the use of rooftop solar in Industrial areas.","{'text': 'In some city types that are experiencing rapid industrial growth such as Bago, projects target opportunities to enhance energy use efficiencies and manage growing energy demand through projects supporting as improved transport planning or on the use of rooftop solar in Industrial areas.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1040,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"In some city types that are experiencing rapid industrial growth such as Bago, projects target opportunities to enhance energy use efficiencies and manage growing energy demand through projects supporting as improved transport planning or on the use of rooftop solar in Industrial areas. In cities such as Taunggyi or Pathein that have greater need for support in basic service delivery, the project pipeline will focus more on supporting integrated solid waste planning, flood management, or passive urban cooling through increased urban tree planting and building retrofits. These approaches will draw upon good urban practices for small and medium sized cities from around the region.","{'text': 'In some city types that are experiencing rapid industrial growth such as Bago, projects target opportunities to enhance energy use efficiencies and manage growing energy demand through projects supporting as improved transport planning or on the use of rooftop solar in Industrial areas.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1041,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1042,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The Ministry of Climate and Environment tasked Enova with establishing a zero-emission fund, which was launched in summer 2019. This is a funding instrument including several types of grants to reduce emissions from commercial transport through effective deployment of zero- emission solutions.Integrated urban land-use and transport agreements involving central government, county and municipal bodies are being negotiated for Norway’s largest urban areas. So far, only the agreement for Trondheim and its surroundings has been concluded. These agreements are intended to play a part in achieving the target of zero growth in passenger car traffic for the largest urban areas, and to ensure coordination of land-use planning and the development of public transport and pedestrian and cycle paths.","{'text': 'Integrated urban land-use and transport agreements involving central government, county and municipal bodies are being negotiated for Norway’s largest urban areas. So far, only the agreement for Trondheim and its surroundings has been concluded. These agreements are intended to play a part in achieving the target of zero growth in passenger car traffic for the largest urban areas, and to ensure coordination of land-use planning and the development of public transport and pedestrian and cycle paths.', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1043,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.","{'text': 'Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars;', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1044,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"GHG emission reduction potential: Low. Description: This action involves focusing on decentralisation of services from urban to rural areas in order to decrease traffic congestion around Tongatapu, but it is also applicable to the centre of island districts. This action includes a strategic plan for decentralising services, incentives to locate or relocate key utility services/agencies offices outside of Nuku’alofa CBD so that people can reach services locally, expansion of internet services through the development of apps and digitised services, incentives for employees to move/ work in decentralised offices, and recruitment of staff based in decentralised locations. This action may also involve encouraging private companies to decentralise services and operations over a certain size, and to provide minibus services for employee pick-up and drop-off in mornings and afternoons.","{'text': 'focusing on decentralisation of services from urban to rural areas in order to decrease traffic congestion around Tongatapu, but it is also applicable to the centre of island districts', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1045,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport)', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
1046,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Sustainable cities This line of action is based upon an urban development model that is capable of regulating land-use, considering efficient transportation systems, low-carbon buildings, and integrated water and waste management. The policy is implemented fundamentally on a local scope. Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 47}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
1047,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Landuse,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following áreas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 7}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
1048,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"by the fact that there are more small shops and grocers in towns. This will shorten the distances that need to be covered, and traffic will be effectively avoided. Modern urban and land use planning will focus on minimising the use of resources and avoiding traffic. For example, the requirement for developers to provide parking spaces for cars when erecting new residential buildings has been replaced with measures for accessing public transport. These and further measures (such as zones with combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and foot traffic) are leading to a reduction of motorised traffic in cities. Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm.","{'text': 'These and further measures (such as zones with combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and foot traffic) are leading to a reduction of motorised traffic in cities.', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1049,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'car-free areas', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1050,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'car-free areas', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1051,LVA,Latvia,LTS,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity. 68For example, Compact of Mayors, Covenant of Mayors, Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Change (NAZCA).Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 49 The infrastructure of non-motorised vehicles is being developed and pedestrian zones are being expanded. The infrastructure of bicycle routes is available and extensively used.","{'text': 'The infrastructure of non-motorised vehicles is being developed and pedestrian zones are being expanded. The infrastructure of bicycle routes is available and extensively used.', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1052,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1053,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy', 'answer_start': 159}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1054,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"- Law on Environment Protection, Law on Environment Impact Assessment, Law on Air Pollution Protection - Law on Wastes Disposal, Law on Sewer - Law on Energy Management, Law on Coal, Law on Electric Power, Law on Residential Fuel, Law on Medium and Small Power Plant, Law on Crude Oil, Law on Renewable Energy - Law on Forest, Law on Land, Law on Land Use Planning, Land on Landscape, Law on Nature Reserve - Law on Science and Technology, Law on City Management - National Energy Strategy - Strategy for Agriculture Development - National Strategy for Science and Technology DevelopmentIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 7 2.4 Measures to achieve the GHG emissions mitigation targets of the INDC DPR Korea will exert efforts in implementing the following measures to achieve the target of the INDC. 1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth’s Forest and Children’s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change.","{'text': 'Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval', 'answer_start': 291}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1055,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,A_Caraccess,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth’s Forest and Children’s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off –shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 10 № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.","{'text': 'Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval', 'answer_start': 151}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
1056,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Ondemand,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1057,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_Ondemand,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1058,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Ondemand,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density', 'answer_start': 124}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1059,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Ondemand,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
1060,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1061,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1062,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure. The surface space required in cities for vehicle parking and traffic has been decreased substantially through a wide range of measures (expansion of public transport, sharing offers, etc. ), which has been very well received by the population. There is more green space, and this has made cities more resilient against the increasing number of heat waves and nights with high temperatures. The air and noise pollution from traffic has been drastically reduced.Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network.","{'text': 'Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1063,AUT,Austria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The air and noise pollution from traffic has been drastically reduced.Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network. All in all, the expenses for mobility services have declined without the population feeling restricted in their mobility. Examples of mobility and transport patterns in different areas of life with a largely decarbonised transport sector in the year 2050 are described in the Annex (section 6.3). 2.4.4.1 Introduction and target vision The building sector (residential and commercial buildings) generated greenhouse gas emissions of 8.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents, or 10% of the total emissions, in 2017.","{'text': 'Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1064,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"The LEDS for Surface Transport12 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6. Private vehicle demand management through shared mobility, traffic system management carpooling, ride sharing and rental services, import restriction on internal combustion engine cars from 2030 and introducing annual import quota system.","{'text': 'introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1065,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"This enabling activity will result in the full assessment of mitigation potentials in the industries sector and facilitate the participation of the private sector in low emission development. e) Low Emission Development Strategy for Surface Transport The LEDS for Surface Transport18 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6.","{'text': 'introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit.', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1066,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap. Energy efficiency standards for fuel-powered vehicles and vessels will be upgraded, energy efficiency labeling system for transport equipment will be improved, and timeworn vehicles and vessels that are highly energy-consuming and of high emissions will be phased out. China will further actively guide low-carbon travel. China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems, and strengthen the construction of urban slow traffic systems, namely, special bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways, etc. By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. 8.","{'text': 'China will further actively guide low-carbon travel. China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems,', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1067,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"La contribución de Costa Rica en transporte representa una profunda transformación de un sistema centrado en vehículos particulares a uno centrado en el bienestar de las personas. En el área temática de transporte, Costa Rica ofrece las siguientes contribuciones:Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN 1.1. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC entrará en operación el Tren Eléctrico de Pasajeros en el Gran Área Metropolitana, impulsado por energía eléctrica renovable. 1.2. En el 2021 se renovarán las concesiones de autobuses públicos con criterios de descarbonización, incluyendo la sectorización, el pago electrónico y la integración multimodal de medios de transporte público y activo. 1.3. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren Eléctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estará en operación para el año 2022. 1.4.","{'text': 'En el 2021 se renovarán las concesiones de autobuses públicos con criterios de descarbonización, incluyendo la sectorización, el pago electrónico y la integración multimodal de medios de transporte público y activo.', 'answer_start': 71}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1068,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,Inversión en la reconversión de transformadores eficientes para el sistema eléctrico. 14. Introducción de estándares de eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucción de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeración y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia según protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificación de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. Líneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva línea de teleférico. 19. Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovación del parque de autobuses de diésel por unidades eléctricas 100 %. 21. Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos.,"{'text': 'Líneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo.', 'answer_start': 65}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1069,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,Inversión en la reconversión de transformadores eficientes para el sistema eléctrico. 14. Introducción de estándares de eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucción de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeración y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia según protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificación de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. Líneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva línea de teleférico. 19. Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovación del parque de autobuses de diésel por unidades eléctricas 100 %. 21. Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos.,"{'text': 'Nueva línea de teleférico.', 'answer_start': 75}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1070,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos. Modernización del parque vehicular público por unidades eléctricas e híbridas. 22. Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuación de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses eléctricos. 24. Introducción de marcos habilitantes para la modernización del parque de vehículos privados (sustitución por vehículos híbridos y 100 % eléctricos). 25. Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.","{'text': 'Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal', 'answer_start': 23}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1071,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% eléctricos e híbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medición de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos eléctricos/híbridos, a partir de la emisión del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medición, Reporte y Verificación (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero. Título de la opción: Diseño e implementación de la red de Bus Alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a Gas Natural.","{'text': 'Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal', 'answer_start': 81}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1072,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Título de la opción: Diseño e implementación de la red de Bus Alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a Gas Natural. Objetivo Reducción de GEI en el sector transporte, con un diseño e inversión piloto en un parque de autobuses a gas natural. Entidad Responsable (Institución que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opción) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificación, aprobado, en ejecución) Sector y Categorías según (Identificar sector y categorías especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD) INTRANT Reducción de emisiones 175.83 Gg CO2eq. Inversiones previstas en 130 autobuses a base de gas natural. Ejecución Prevista (2023- Sector Energía, Categoría: carretero. La opción sustituye combustibles en las subcategorías de Buses y Camiones.","{'text': 'Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal', 'answer_start': 4}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1073,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• the enforcement and adaptation of registration taxes, in particular with and the enforcement of the 10% tax on luxury vehicles and the integration of a tax on transit vehicles by 2025. • Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector). • Promote diesel particulate filters for road and off-road vehicles. • Continuation of road upgrading and construction. • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.","{'text': 'Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1074,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia. • Design a transport interchange hub program by 2025. 3 For an in-depth analysis and justification of the NDC measures for the transport sector please see “Transport sector sectoral analysis and revised NDCs, Long Term Technical Assistance (LTTA) to the EPA of Liberia, EU-Liberia Climate Change Alliance+; April 2021” 4 BAU emissions from transport sector in 2030 are estimated at 324.96 Gg CO2 e• Review of the institutional framework by 2025. • Setting up of a sustainable transport policy by 2025. INDUSTRY Mitigation Actions and Policy Measures • Implement a Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) tax for regulating the consumption of fluorinated gases in the air conditioning and refrigeration sector.","{'text': 'Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1075,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"151 Ministère du Développement durable et des Infrastructures, 2018: Modu 2.0 – Stratégie pour une mobilitéVers la neutralité climatique en 2050 64 / 97 centrale complète a suivi fin 2020, tandis que les extensions sont prévues pour 2023/2024. En ce qui concerne le réseau de bus RGTR152 desservant toutes les communes du pays et reliant des localités des 3 pays voisins avec des centres urbains luxembourgeois, une réorganisation complète est progressivement mise en place jusqu’en 2021 sur base d’une étroite collaboration avec les communes et les citoyens. A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l’exploitation (maîtrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation à l’éco-conduite) et du matériel roulant.","{'text': 'En ce qui concerne le réseau de bus RGTR152 desservant toutes les communes du pays et reliant des localités des 3 pays voisins avec des centres urbains luxembourgeois, une réorganisation complète est progressivement mise en place jusqu’en 2021 sur base d’une étroite collaboration avec les communes et les citoyens. A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l’exploitation (maîtrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation à l’éco-conduite) et du matériel roulant.', 'answer_start': 38}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1076,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"S’appuyant sur ces accomplissements, les efforts d’un développement multimodal, quantitatif et qualitatif du réseau de mobilité doivent être poursuivis voire intensifiés à moyen et long terme dans le cadre du plan national de mobilité précité. A côté d’une optimisation continue du réseau ferroviaire, des extensions supplémentaires du réseau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-delà (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l’organisation et des infrastructures du réseau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l’échange intermodal sont à viser.","{'text': 'des extensions supplémentaires du réseau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-delà (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l’organisation et des infrastructures du réseau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l’échange intermodal sont à viser', 'answer_start': 43}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1077,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"A côté d’une optimisation continue du réseau ferroviaire, des extensions supplémentaires du réseau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-delà (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l’organisation et des infrastructures du réseau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l’échange intermodal sont à viser. Une coopération transfrontalière/européenne amplifiée est par ailleurs nécessaire pour réaliser un réseau transeuropéen qui permettrait de faire du train à grande vitesse une véritable solution de substitution de la voiture ou de l’avion pour les déplacements en Europe, avec une connexion appropriée du Luxembourg à ce réseau. La mobilité multimodale, conjointement avec les systèmes de gestion de la mobilité intelligents, jouent un rôle de plus en plus important pour progresser vers une mobilité décarbonisée.","{'text': 'des extensions supplémentaires du réseau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-delà (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l’organisation et des infrastructures du réseau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l’échange intermodal sont à viser', 'answer_start': 8}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1078,NPL,Nepal,2nd NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf,"in 2030 to eq., which is around 28% decrease in emissions. By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods. (Residential cooking and biogas) By 2030, ensure 25% of households use electric stoves as their primary mode of cooking. By 2025, install 500,000 improved cookstoves, specifically in rural areas. By 2025, install an additional 200,000 household biogas plants and 500 large scale biogas plants (institutional/industrial/ municipal/community). These three combined targets can reduce emissions from eq. in BAU in 2025 to approximately eq. This is around 11% reduction in emissions from the cooking sector. For 2030, these three targets can reduce emissions from approximately 2,064 Gg CO2 eq. from BAU to 1,599 eq., which is around 23% reduction in emissions.","{'text': 'By 2030, develop 200 km of the electric rail network to support public commuting and mass transportation of goods.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1079,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1080,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1081,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1082,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1083,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"Rail transport and measures of sustainable mobility are put to the forefront, which will reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector and reduce traffic density. To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1084,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1085,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city', 'answer_start': 149}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1086,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1087,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes', 'answer_start': 265}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1088,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes', 'answer_start': 204}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1089,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040. We will deploy new low-carbon technologies on the network such as hydrogen and battery trains, where they make operational and economic sense. We will incentivise the early take up of low carbon traction by the rail freight industry. 24. We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail. This includes new high-speed lines, reopening lines closed under the Beeching cuts and significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s. 25. We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.","{'text': 'We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail.', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1090,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040. We will deploy new low-carbon technologies on the network such as hydrogen and battery trains, where they make operational and economic sense. We will incentivise the early take up of low carbon traction by the rail freight industry. 24. We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail. This includes new high-speed lines, reopening lines closed under the Beeching cuts and significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s. 25. We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.","{'text': 'This includes new high-speed lines', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1091,USA,United States of America,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"Uncertainties in the future share of low-carbon bioenergy vs. hydrogen makes can affect the potential for electrification in the sector. These results show end use consumption instead of service demand (e.g., per mile travelled), so electricity demand appears smaller than alternative fuels demand due to the major inherent efficiency advantages of electric vehicles. Note: Historical data are from EIA Monthly Energy Reviews, projections include data from all LTS scenarios using both GCAM and OP-NEMS, projections are shown in ten-year time steps. Transportation Energy (Exajoules) Alternative Fuels Electricity FossilTHE LONG-TERM STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES An integrated strategy to address these substantial challenges can help accelerate the development and rapid expansion of new transportation technologies. An expanded network of public transit options and infrastructure will increase urban mobility, helping to reduce emissions and increase equity in mobility.","{'text': 'An expanded network of public transit options and infrastructure will increase urban mobility, helping to reduce emissions and increase equity in mobility.', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1092,USA,United States of America,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"An expanded network of public transit options and infrastructure will increase urban mobility, helping to reduce emissions and increase equity in mobility. Electrifying segments of the rail system will decarbonize the existing rail system with the added benefit of enabling a more robust electric grid along railroad “right of way.” Additionally, “vehicle to grid” innovations may provide support for grid services. Accelerated research, development, demonstration, and deployment of lower- carbon fuels, such as clean hydrogen and sustainable biofuels, will contribute to the decarbonization of applications that may be more difficult to electrify including aviation and marine transportation and some medium- and heavy-duty trucking segments. Buildings house our population and provide a working environment for commercial sectors including offices, colleges and K-12 schools, restaurants, grocery stores, and retail shops.","{'text': 'An expanded network of public transit options and infrastructure will increase urban mobility, helping to reduce emissions and increase equity in mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1093,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 MoE Waste -MSWCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector then up to 0.5 MtCO2 e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1094,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1095,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"ReducingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 190}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1096,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost 2.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 154}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1097,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost 2. Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 154}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1098,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Energy Ministry of Land Management, Urban Lanning and Construction (MLMUPC) Environment and Natural Resources Code, which has a chapter on Sustainable Cities, making it a requirement for the capital city and cities over 200,000 people to develop a Green City Strategic Plan and identify green city development projects. e emissions 2 cities ( Phnom Penh and Siem Reap) analysed for mitigating UHIE and projects are implemented - 2% of the existing public and commercial buildings are retrofitted with passive cooling measures Health and well-being of the citizens, energy cost savings to the consumers, improved aesthetics, increased productivity of the population, vegetation acting as carbon sinks Costs: USD 49 million Payback period: 4.5 years Urban planning, cool/green roof and greening of city 29 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport(MPWT) 1. Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 3. Rectangular Strategy, 4. National Policy on Green Growth, 5. Sectoral development plans. 30 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 1. Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 3. Rectangular Strategy, 4.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1099,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 28 These emission reduction values were submitted by the lead ministry 29 N/a: sectoral projections were used.No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry ER (ktCO2e)28 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE 421 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT N/a 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1100,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE 421 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT N/a 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD N/a 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battembang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD N/a 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT N/a 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1101,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"If 10% of all MSW generated is composted by 2030 then up to e/year of GHG emissions can be avoided by 2030 MoE Waste- MSW 12 Production of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from either a) fresh MSW or b) old MSW mined from the Dangkor landfill. MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1102,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.","{'text': 'Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1103,CHN,China,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.","{'text': 'give priority to the development of urban public transportation,', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1104,CHN,China,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.","{'text': 'give priority to the development of urban public transportation,', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1105,GTM,Guatemala,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf,"Incorporar parámetros de eficiencia energética en el Código Nacional de Construcción U-4. Eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones Opciones de mitigación para la reducción de emisiones de GEI de los Sectores: Energía, Transporte, Industria, Agricultura y Ganadería, Bosques y otros usos de la tierra y Desechos sólidos y líquidos 62 Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR TRANSPORTE Ministerio líder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Infraestructura y Vivienda (MICIVI) T-1. Expandir la infraestructura de transporte público del AMCG mediante la construcción del tren de cercanía MetroRiel T-2. Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte público extraurbano. T-2. Transporte público extraurbano. T-3. Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte público urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte público urbano T-4.","{'text': 'Expandir la infraestructura de transporte público del AMCG mediante la construcción del tren de cercanía MetroRiel', 'answer_start': 76}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1106,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"L’ensemble des mesures ci-dessus représenterait au total 1 160 kTCO2eq /an évitées en 2030 rapport au scenario inconditionnel. Transports Engagement Améliorer l’efficacité du système de transports national Contexte et description de l’engagement La modernisation du parc de véhicules est en cours avec l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 13 ans depuis 2021. Des marges de progression très importantes subsistent pour contrôler et réduire les émissions du transport. Il s’agit aussi de moderniser et développer les transports en commun publics et privés, d’étudier et promouvoir les expérimentations pour une mobilité durable et de développer le transport ferroviaire de personnes et marchandises. De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement.","{'text': 'Il s’agit aussi de moderniser et développer les transports en commun publics et privés', 'answer_start': 68}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1107,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement. Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).,"{'text': 'Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.', 'answer_start': 19}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1108,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"d. Mobility revolution and compact planning The maintenance of local daily transportation becomes more challenging as the population declines and ages and the birthrate continues to decline. In order to secure and maintain daily transportation networks against this backdrop, the Government will promote the revitalization of private bus services through restructuring of the bus routes of the operators in the private sector and the effective introduction of community buses and demand responsive public transport. The Government will also promote CO2 emissions reductions in these new public transportation methods. Additionally, the Government will promote the use of micro mobility vehicles that enables energy efficient transportation according to various needs of all generations.","{'text': 'Government will promote the revitalization of private bus services through restructuring of the bus routes of the operators in the private sector and the effective introduction of community buses and demand responsive public transport.', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1109,MRT,Mauritania,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf,"Financement acquis • Programme national de promotion de l’efficacité énergétique (équipements domestiques, éclairage, etc.) • Mise à jour de la réglementation sur la production de l’énergie propre (en cours) • Mise en place de deux centrales à gaz de 200 MW et 300 MW • Programme de connexion de 25 réseaux isolés au réseau électrique national. Minigrid/PNUD/Fonds Vert • Deux projets OMVS à l’étude (Koukoutamba et Gourbassi) -CONTRIBUTION DENTERMINEE AU NIVEAU NATIONAL CDN MAURITANIE Secteurs / Sous-Secteurs Contributions aux efforts d’atténuation totale Défis / Contraintes Mesures préconisées dont 5,21% inconditionnel Transport 92,65 Gg Eq- soit ▪ Vétusté du parc automobile ▪ Faible couverture du transport public ▪ Absence de promotion des véhicules « propres » • Réalisation du projet de tramway de Nouakchott. En phase étude (concept note) • Réalisation du projet du train de Sahel, G5 Sahel, tronçon Nouakchott – Sélibabi-Kayes.","{'text': 'Réalisation du projet de tramway de Nouakchott. En phase étude', 'answer_start': 116}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1110,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,"Investir et moderniser le cœur de métier et 4. Refonder l’institution. •  Doter les grandes agglomérations de moyens de transport public de grande capacité utilisant les énergies renouvelables ; • Mettre sur pied un programme de renouvellement du parc des taxis ; •  Mettre sur pied un fonds d’accompagnement routier de transport urbain, capitalisé à hauteur de 200 millions de dollars américains. •  Geler la consommation des HFC en 2024 et démarrage de la première étape de réduction à partir de 2029 ; •  Agir de façon précoce sur la réduction des HFC et introduire des solutions respectueuses du climat.","{'text': 'Doter les grandes agglomérations de moyens de transport public de grande capacité utilisant les énergies renouvelables', 'answer_start': 13}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1111,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Modal shift from air to high speed rail', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1112,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions. In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars.","{'text': 'expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1113,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars. The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy.","{'text': 'expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1114,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 186}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1115,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1116,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 212}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1117,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1118,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).","{'text': 'increase the network security and expand the network coverage', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1119,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Some of these have already been received and put into use • Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.)","{'text': 'increase the network security and expand the network coverage', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1120,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3.","{'text': 'To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors)', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1121,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.","{'text': 'the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1122,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines. The UAE continues to improve the emission standards for new motor vehicles, in accordance with European emission standards, as well as through the introduction of standard labels. These initiatives target both improvements in fuel economy and reduction in local air pollution.","{'text': 'the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1123,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"14 The Five Year Development Plan II (FYDPII) states as targets for “Proportion of energy derived from renewable green Energy” 50% by 2020/21 and 70% by 2025/26. However, under the plan this includes liquified petroleum gas. 15 As outlined in the Power System Master Plan (2016).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 18 electrification. e) Reducing the consumption of charcoal in urban and rural areas by promoting affordable alternative energy sources through a regulation policy for charcoal production and use. Transport a) Promoting low emission transport systems through deployment of mass rapid transport system and investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system and expansion/scaling up of BRT infrastructures. b) Promoting the use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems.","{'text': 'Promoting low emission transport systems through deployment of mass rapid transport system', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1124,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.,"{'text': 'Efficient operation of public transportation', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1125,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'Efficient operation of public transportation', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1126,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Section 2.3.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Total road PKM: 145,033 million Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Efficient operation of public transportation Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Work with the taxi industry to achieve service quality improvements and operator consolidation. Introduce 1,000 high-quality city buses in GKMA15 together with bus shelters, terminals, and depots.16 Introduce ITS systems, automatic fare collection, and control centre for public transport in GKMA 5% reduction in VKM and 5% increase in load factor from improved organisation of urban public transport. Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor.","{'text': 'Efficient operation of public transportation', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1127,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"Further, in the Dubai Metro network, the UAE has a world-class rapid transit rail system. The Dubai Metro is now complemented by a short-range tram network, providing sustainable transport options to residents and tourists alike. Further expansion of the metro network is underway. Complemented by bus service enhancements, this will increase the share of public transport in passenger journeys. 2.6. Waste Management The UAE has been taking proactive steps for increased waste management and treatment through regulation, technology and consumer awareness. Circular economy initiatives are being implemented to transform waste from an environmental burden to an asset with economic value.","{'text': 'Further, in the Dubai Metro network, the UAE has a world-class rapid transit rail system. The Dubai Metro is now complemented by a short-range tram network, providing sustainable transport options to residents and tourists alike. Further expansion of the metro network is underway. Complemented by bus service enhancements, this will increase the share of public transport in passenger journeys.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1128,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"- Law on Environment Protection, Law on Environment Impact Assessment, Law on Air Pollution Protection - Law on Wastes Disposal, Law on Sewer - Law on Energy Management, Law on Coal, Law on Electric Power, Law on Residential Fuel, Law on Medium and Small Power Plant, Law on Crude Oil, Law on Renewable Energy - Law on Forest, Law on Land, Law on Land Use Planning, Land on Landscape, Law on Nature Reserve - Law on Science and Technology, Law on City Management - National Energy Strategy - Strategy for Agriculture Development - National Strategy for Science and Technology DevelopmentIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 7 2.4 Measures to achieve the GHG emissions mitigation targets of the INDC DPR Korea will exert efforts in implementing the following measures to achieve the target of the INDC. 1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth’s Forest and Children’s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change.","{'text': 'Expand and encourage public transport facilities', 'answer_start': 315}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1129,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth’s Forest and Children’s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off –shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 10 № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.","{'text': 'Expand and encourage public transport facilities', 'answer_start': 175}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1130,PLW,Palau,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Palau_INDC.Final%20Copy.pdf,"Additional project based initiatives in the transport and waste sectors Reducing Methane Emissions from the Solid Waste Sector ₋ Palau has developed a “National Solid Waste Framework” but has not had funding to implement the planned actions. A key next step is to analyze landfill gas emissions and evaluate the potential for landfill gas capture projects at the national landfill site. Transport Sector ₋ Currently there is a pending national legislation that would mandate the use and commercial sale of four stroke outboard motor engines only to reduce emissions. ₋ Palau is investigating a project to convert waste cooking oil to biofuel for diesel vehicles, beginning with public school buses and a potential public bus route.","{'text': 'public school buses and a potential public bus route', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1131,PLW,Palau,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Palau_INDC.Final%20Copy.pdf,"₋ Palau is investigating a project to convert waste cooking oil to biofuel for diesel vehicles, beginning with public school buses and a potential public bus route. c. Support for Implementation Climate change presents a major challenge for Palau’s sustainable development, for which the nation relies significantly on development partnerships. Similarly, as noted above, implementation of many of the policies and measures needed to achieve our emissions reduction target will depend on the availability of partnership finance, technology support and capacity development. Based on a first-­‐order estimate, the upfront investment cost for the renewable energy and energy efficiency measures in Palau’s INDC would be on the order of $5.5 million USD. This investment has the potential to generate savings, on a net-­‐present-­‐value basis, of $2.5 million by 2025.","{'text': 'public school buses and a potential public bus route', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1132,LCA,Saint Lucia,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf,"Table 3: Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency and Understanding. Parameters Information Time frame 2030, with intermediate target in 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emissions reductions using a 2010 baseline and based on specific sector interventions against the BAU scenario eq in 2030, excluding LULUCF Proposed Interventions Energy: Energy Efficient Buildings Energy Efficient Appliances Water Distribution and Network Efficiency Electricity Generation: 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2025 and 50% by 2030 based on a mix of geothermal, wind and solar energy sources. Improvements to Grid Distribution and Transmission Efficiency Transport: Efficient Vehicles Improved and Expanded Public Transit Estimated Impact of Emissions Reductions interventions Reduction of 188 GgCO2 - eq by 2030.","{'text': 'Improved and Expanded Public Transit', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1133,LCA,Saint Lucia,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf,"Improvements to Grid Distribution and Transmission Efficiency Transport: Efficient Vehicles Improved and Expanded Public Transit Estimated Impact of Emissions Reductions interventions Reduction of 188 GgCO2 - eq by 2030. Conditions While national efforts are underway and will continue to be exerted toward emission reduction, external support is a pre- requisite to achieving the emissions reduction targets set out in this iNDC. Reviews Implementation will be reviewed every 5 yearsPlanning Process Saint Lucia’s iNDC was prepared though a consultative process involving key sector stakeholders who were engaged initially under the TNC process, to provide inputs into the development of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Mitigation Assessment chapters and then through a validation exercise, to seek national support for the proposed measures and targets.","{'text': 'Improved and Expanded Public Transit', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1134,SAU,Saudi Arabia,1st NDC,S_PTIntegration,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/KSA-INDCs%20English.pdf,"Urban planning: Encourage actions that promote the development and use of mass transport systems in urban areas. Take the necessary actions to expedite the development of the metro system in Riyadh. In addition support and expedite the planning and development of metro systems in Jeddah and Dammam. 1.3. Marine Protection: Implement coastal management strategies that are designed to reduce coastal erosion, increase the sinks for blue carbon, maintain related ecosystems and address the threats that climate change poses for marine livelihoods. Support the planting of mangrove seedlings along its coasts. In addition, strengthen and enhance the coral reef restoration program throughout the northwestern Arabian Gulf. 1.4. Reduced desertification: Undertake measures to enhance desertification management.","{'text': 'Encourage actions that promote the development and use of mass transport systems in urban areas. Take the necessary actions to expedite the development of the metro system in Riyadh. In addition support and expedite the planning and development of metro systems in Jeddah and Dammam.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
1135,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1136,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. Public transport intervals are considerably shorter, and customer-friendly service planning and information provision make rail and bus travel more attractive. Freight transport by rail has profited from the reduction of regulatory hurdles. The external costs of all modes of transport will be internalised during the mobility transformation. Thismeans that the most environmentally friendly modes of transport are also the cheapest. This will cause a preference for these modes of transport. The volume of individual motorised traffic and short-haul flights has decreased considerably.","{'text': 'Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1137,AUT,Austria,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen). The role of inland shipping, which is to switch to renewable energy, has increased considerably. E-fuels produced in the EU through new and innovative technologies and second-generation biofuels will especially be used in aviation. The time required for the relevant approval processes (especially for passenger and freight transport by rail) is to be shortened so that the efficiency gains can be realised rapidly enough. 2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.","{'text': 'The time required for the relevant approval processes (especially for passenger and freight transport by rail) is to be shortened so that the efficiency gains can be realised rapidly enough', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1138,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles). • To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. • To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT). • To articulate joint approaches to land use planning and transport planning. Decarbonization axis 1: Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. • To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies.","{'text': 'To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1139,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. o To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi-bicycles). o To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. o To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actors MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Users Bank MIVAH IFAM MOPT CTP Central Bank INCOFER ARESEP Operators MOPT CTP INCOFER IFAM MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Usuarios 1. Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes.","{'text': 'To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1140,EEU,European Union,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1141,FRA,France,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"“Research and Innovation Policy”) on knowledge of fleets and technologies, as well as on the instruments used and the environmental impacts of these technologies. d) Guideline T 4: support local authorities and businesses to implement innovative initiatives Progressively deploy low emissions zones or congestion charges, as a priority in the French agglomerations that are the most exposed to pollution. Encourage these agglomerations to set up incentives for using clean and shared modes (with for example routes, access zones, timetables and reserved parking depending on the vehicles). Make it easier for regions to participate in the clean mobility policy by introducing appropriate coordination tools and by encouraging the most innovative initiatives (see also guidelines in chapter 4.1.iv. “Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”).","{'text': 'Encourage these agglomerations to set up incentives for using clean and shared modes (with for example routes, access zones, timetables and reserved parking depending on the vehicles).', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1142,FRA,France,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.) over short distances and in zones not covered by public transport and develop tools and infrastructures that facilitate shared mobility: for example, invest in multimodal exchange hubs facilitating public transport and new types of mobility. Support the circular economy and short supply circuits so as to uncouple growth in traffic and freight from GDP. For all new infrastructure projects, take the impact of traffic generated into account in public decision-making in order to achieve a “carbon audit” (construction/use/maintenance) that is coherent with the climate policies. See also the guidelines in chapter 4.1.iv. “Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”.","{'text': 'For all new infrastructure projects, take the impact of traffic generated into account in public decision-making in order to achieve a “carbon audit” (construction/use/maintenance) that is coherent with the climate policies', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1143,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection. In this context, the Government will promote incorporating the consideration of environmental load reduction into regional public transportation plans based on the revised Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020). In cooperation with urban development, it is necessary to promote the use of transportation systems with low CO2 emissions, such as LRT (Light Rail Transit23), BRT (Bus Rail Transit24), EV and FCV.","{'text': 'the Government will promote incorporating the consideration of environmental load reduction into regional public transportation plans based on the revised Regional Public Transportation Revitalization and Reconstruction Law (enacted in November 2020)', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1144,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will also proceed with considering the introduction of comprehensive traffic congestion countermeasures, including toll measures to adjust traffic demand using ICT and AI. Furthermore, the Government will build a road transport network that increases productivity, such as by focusing on the construction of beltways in three metropolitan areas, while reducing the load on intra-city roads and reorganizing them into people-friendly road spaces. e. Promoting the use of public transportation and bicycles The Government will promote the use of public transportation by improving its convenience through the social implementation of MaaS, reorganizing regional transportation networks in conjunction with urban development, and promoting barrier-free transportation, while introducing LRT and BRT.","{'text': 'the Government will build a road transport network that increases productivity, such as by focusing on the construction of beltways in three metropolitan areas, while reducing the load on intra-city roads and reorganizing them into people-friendly road spaces.', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1145,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Stratégie nationale à long terme en matière d’action climat « Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 »Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 2 / 97 Table des matières 2.1 Contexte international et européen . 9 2.2 Contexte national 11 3 Relevé de la situation nationale 15 3.1 Evolution des émissions sectorielles de gaz à effet de serre 19 4 Elaboration et mises à jour ultérieures de la stratégie . 21 5 Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 . 23 5.1 Vision stratégique . 23 5.3 Principes directeurs 24 6 Agir pour la neutralité climatique . 25 6.1 Cadre facilitateur pour la transition vers la neutralité climatique . 25 6.1.1 Gouvernance et participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition 25 6.1.2 Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations nécessaires 27 6.1.3 Finances publiques durables : intégrer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l’Etat 6.1.4 Marchés publics durables : consolider le rôle précurseur de l’Etat et des communes 30 6.1.5 Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l’aménagement territorial et urbain 32 6.1.6 Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l’innovation et la digitalisation . 35 6.1.7 Favoriser l’engagement de la société et étoffer le rôle de l’éducation et la formation 6.1.8 Renforcer le cadre UE en faveur de l’action pour le climat 42 6.2 Système énergétique 44 6.2.1 Principe de primauté de l’efficacité énergétique . 44 6.2.2 Maximiser le déploiement des énergies renouvelables . 45 6.2.3 Au sujet du rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable 48 6.2.4 Options de stockage de l’énergie facilitant l’expansion des énergies renouvelables 49 6.2.5 Réseau électrique intelligent : épine dorsale de l’approvisionnement énergétique . 51 6.2.6 Exploiter des synergies par couplage sectoriel . 52 6.3.1 Nouvelles constructions décarbonisées, durables, circulaires, résilientes et intelligentes 6.3.2 Rénovations énergétiques profondes et durables 57 6.3.3 Quartiers à énergie positive, durables et denses . 60Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active 63 6.4.2 Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions . 64 6.4.3 Décarboniser le transport de marchandises et le secteur logistique . 67 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime 68 6.5.1 Economie circulaire . 72 6.5.2 Eco-innovation et écotechnologies . 74 6.5.3 Modèles d’entreprise 76 6.6 Alimentation et agriculture . 78 6.7 Sylviculture et puits de carbone . 82 6.8 Finances durables . 84 6.8.1 Mobilisation du capital privé et réorientation des flux financiers 84 6.8.2 Financement climatique international : solidarité internationale 86 7 Adaptation au changement climatique 88 8 Financement de la transition vers la neutralité climatique 91 9 Garantir une transition juste . 94 Liste des abréviations 97Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 4 / 97 Les constats du Groupe d experts Intergouvernemental sur l Evolution du Climat (GIEC) sont univoques1.","{'text': 'Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active', 'answer_start': 310}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1146,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Stratégie nationale à long terme en matière d’action climat « Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 »Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 2 / 97 Table des matières 2.1 Contexte international et européen . 9 2.2 Contexte national 11 3 Relevé de la situation nationale 15 3.1 Evolution des émissions sectorielles de gaz à effet de serre 19 4 Elaboration et mises à jour ultérieures de la stratégie . 21 5 Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 . 23 5.1 Vision stratégique . 23 5.3 Principes directeurs 24 6 Agir pour la neutralité climatique . 25 6.1 Cadre facilitateur pour la transition vers la neutralité climatique . 25 6.1.1 Gouvernance et participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition 25 6.1.2 Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations nécessaires 27 6.1.3 Finances publiques durables : intégrer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l’Etat 6.1.4 Marchés publics durables : consolider le rôle précurseur de l’Etat et des communes 30 6.1.5 Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l’aménagement territorial et urbain 32 6.1.6 Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l’innovation et la digitalisation . 35 6.1.7 Favoriser l’engagement de la société et étoffer le rôle de l’éducation et la formation 6.1.8 Renforcer le cadre UE en faveur de l’action pour le climat 42 6.2 Système énergétique 44 6.2.1 Principe de primauté de l’efficacité énergétique . 44 6.2.2 Maximiser le déploiement des énergies renouvelables . 45 6.2.3 Au sujet du rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable 48 6.2.4 Options de stockage de l’énergie facilitant l’expansion des énergies renouvelables 49 6.2.5 Réseau électrique intelligent : épine dorsale de l’approvisionnement énergétique . 51 6.2.6 Exploiter des synergies par couplage sectoriel . 52 6.3.1 Nouvelles constructions décarbonisées, durables, circulaires, résilientes et intelligentes 6.3.2 Rénovations énergétiques profondes et durables 57 6.3.3 Quartiers à énergie positive, durables et denses . 60Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active 63 6.4.2 Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions . 64 6.4.3 Décarboniser le transport de marchandises et le secteur logistique . 67 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime 68 6.5.1 Economie circulaire . 72 6.5.2 Eco-innovation et écotechnologies . 74 6.5.3 Modèles d’entreprise 76 6.6 Alimentation et agriculture . 78 6.7 Sylviculture et puits de carbone . 82 6.8 Finances durables . 84 6.8.1 Mobilisation du capital privé et réorientation des flux financiers 84 6.8.2 Financement climatique international : solidarité internationale 86 7 Adaptation au changement climatique 88 8 Financement de la transition vers la neutralité climatique 91 9 Garantir une transition juste . 94 Liste des abréviations 97Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 4 / 97 Les constats du Groupe d experts Intergouvernemental sur l Evolution du Climat (GIEC) sont univoques1. Le changement climatique causé par les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) est en train de transformer notre environnement à une vitesse sans précédent dans l’histoire de l’humanité.","{'text': 'Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active', 'answer_start': 310}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1147,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active (plan national de mobilité, pistes cyclables dédiées, attractivité des transports publics, réseau ferroviaire transeuropéen avec connexion appropriée) 2. Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions (électrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. Décarbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (stratégie de décarbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur aérien et maritime (solutions à l’échelle européenne et mondiale, systèmes d’échange de quotas d’émission) 4. Economie (stratégie de décarbonisation de l’industrie, système d’échange de quotas d’émission de l’UE, efficacité énergétique, électrification, hydrogène) 1. Economie circulaire (stratégie pour une économie circulaire Luxembourg, stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg ») 2.","{'text': 'Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active', 'answer_start': 17}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1148,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"148 Voir le chapitre « Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l’aménagement territorial et urbain » 149 Voir le chapitre « Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l’innovation et la digitalisation »Vers la neutralité climatique en 2050 63 / 97 Afin d’éliminer les émissions de GES résultant des besoins en mobilité, il faut à la fois accroître les parts modales de la mobilité active et des transports en commun par une planification de la mobilité appropriée et accélérer le déploiement de véhicules à zéro émissions. 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active D’après l’enquête Luxmobil de 2017, 69% des trajets ont été faits en voiture particulière, 17% en transport en commun, 12% en marche à pied et 2% en vélo.","{'text': 'Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1149,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"6.4.1 Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active D’après l’enquête Luxmobil de 2017, 69% des trajets ont été faits en voiture particulière, 17% en transport en commun, 12% en marche à pied et 2% en vélo. Ces données confirment qu’aussi bien dans une perspective de mobilité fluide que de mobilité décarbonisée, la planification de la mobilité doit prioritairement poursuivre l’objectif d’augmenter les parts modales de la mobilité active et des transports en commun au détriment de la part modale de la voiture, tout en améliorant la multimodalité150 du réseau de mobilité.","{'text': 'Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1150,ESP,Spain,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidrógeno renovable, importante vector energético para contribuir a la descarbonización. ▶ La digitalización e innovación permitirá un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energéticos. ▶ La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte.","{'text': 'La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte.', 'answer_start': 40}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1151,ESP,Spain,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el año 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificación y los combustibles renovables, se prevé alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energía renovable en el transporte-movilidad, así como una reducción de las emisiones de más de un 30% en esa misma década.El sector de la edificación comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para más detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificación sostenible). Siguiendo el principio “primero, la eficiencia energética” la Comisión Europea propone la eficiencia energética en la edificación como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.","{'text': 'La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte.', 'answer_start': 1}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1152,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"In some cases, journeys can be shortened or replaced entirely. Developing and using technological infrastructure for virtual meetings and remote working are additional examples of how traffic can be reduced without impairing accessibility. A more transport-efficient society demands measures in several sectors and by different actors. The location of homes, services and workplaces is important, as it affects the distances and transportation between them. A large proportion of Sweden’s urban planning, e.g. planning homes, businesses and public transport, takes place at local and regional level. Creating long-term sustainable and robust structures capable of increasing transport efficiency will mean local, regional and national levels will need to coordinate their planning processes to a greater extent.","{'text': 'A more transport-efficient society demands measures in several sectors and by different actors. The location of homes, services and workplaces is important, as it affects the distances and transportation between them. A large proportion of Sweden’s urban planning, e.g. planning homes, businesses and public transport, takes place at local and regional level. Creating long-term sustainable and robust structures capable of increasing transport efficiency will mean local, regional and national levels will need to coordinate their planning processes to a greater extent.', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1153,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"The Federal Council approved the report ""Voraussetzungen für ein Schnellladenetz für Elektroautos auf Nationalstrassen"" (Requirements for a fast-charging network for electric vehicles on national highways) on 28 June 2017. The report outlines how the set-up of a fast- charging network can be driven forward. In addition to future drive systems, traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.","{'text': 'traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1154,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will deliver this through existing funding streams where decarbonisation sits alongside other core government objectives. 47. We are driving decarbonisation and transport improvements at a local level by making quantifiable carbon reductions a fundamental part of local transport planning and funding. Local Transport Plans (LTPs) – statutory requirements that set out holistic place-based strategies for improving transport networks and proposed projects for investment – will need to set out how local areas will deliver ambitious carbon reductions in line with carbon budgets and net zero. 48. We will embed transport decarbonisation principles in spatial planning and across transport policy making. Last year, the government set out proposals for a new and improved planning system, central to our most important national challenges, including combating climate change and supporting sustainable growth.","{'text': 'We will embed transport decarbonisation principles in spatial planning and across transport policy making', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1155,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': 'Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area', 'answer_start': 174}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1156,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area', 'answer_start': 153}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1157,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': 'Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area', 'answer_start': 185}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1158,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area', 'answer_start': 171}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1159,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"There is a clear connection between the increase of car use, and non-communicable diseases related to obesity. City design must encourage walking, cycling, and other forms of “active” transport through features such as bus lanes, bike lanes, and pedestrian-centered streetscape improvements as part of an overall city transport strategy. 3.6.2. Road Transport Road transport in Myanmar currently depends on fossil fuels. Consistent with the commitment of developed and developing counties to end the use of fossil fuel vehicles by 2035 or earlier, Myanmar is interested in introducing EVs for both personal use and (MRT). Allied to this would be a slow phase-out of old, highly inefficient vehicles. Myanmar has already phased-out over 200,000 old, highly inefficient vehicles74.","{'text': 'City design must encourage walking, cycling, and other forms of “active” transport through features such as bus lanes, bike lanes, and pedestrian-centered streetscape improvements as part of an overall city transport strategy', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1160,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"The Government can support implementation on national, regional or local issues using tools we call national direction. These support local planning and can take the form of national policy statements, national environmental standards, national planning standards and regulations. We have a national policy statement on urban development that supports well-functioning urban environments and includes objectives for climate mitigation and adaptation. Long-term strategy We will: ► integrate climate objectives into the reformed planning legislation with the necessary levers to drive down emissions.","{'text': 'integrate climate objectives into the reformed planning legislation with the necessary levers to drive down emissions.', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1161,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Long-term strategy We will: ► integrate climate objectives into the reformed planning legislation with the necessary levers to drive down emissions. We will increase infrastructure funding for this ► partner with Māori so that planning reforms reflect the relationship of iwi and hapū to the environment, as well as their rights and interests ► support local government climate action and develop frameworks for funding and financing ► remove barriers and encourage low- emissions urban development; this includes reducing embodied and operational and enabled use emissions, and optimising infrastructure types and locations to reduce emissions ► develop tools and gather data and evidence so that urban centres can plan for growth and infrastructure ► drive behaviour change through better public education and increased awareness ► work with the private sector to remove barriers to reducing emissions.","{'text': 'integrate climate objectives into the reformed planning legislation with the necessary levers to drive down emissions.', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1162,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Aotearoa will ratify this in 2022 and apply new measures to reduce ship emissions. We have agreed to prepare a national action plan to reduce maritime emissions, and to research ways to speed the uptake of alternative low- and zero-carbon fuels for shipping ► ensuring planning helps to reduce car dependency by leveraging opportunities associated with resource management reform and the Urban Growth Agenda. However, broader and deeper changes are needed to quickly shift the transport system to a zero-emissions pathway. Long-term strategy We will support central and local government, communities and businesses to work together to reduce emissions and build a healthy, safe and accessible transport system. We will also take opportunities to improve the wellbeing of New Zealanders.","{'text': 'ensuring planning helps to reduce car dependency by leveraging opportunities associated with resource management reform and the Urban Growth Agenda.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1163,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"This means that energy and resource efficiency are high and a circular economy underpins low-emission, sustainable production and consumption. As a result of technological advances, the transport sector is using zero- and low-emission solutions for passenger cars, public transport and heavy goods vehicles. Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector. Emissions from goods and products supplied by Norwegian industry are low.","{'text': 'Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1164,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"• Increase awareness among the general public regarding benefits associated with using mass transportation. Yet to be implemented Short termSectoral strategies 119 Strategies Activities being considered Current progress Timeframe Coordinate the development plans of the transport and renewable energy sectors. The transport sector is directly linked to the development of renewable energy infrastructure in the country. Therefore, effective coordination mechanisms between the two sectors will be established. • Increased deployment of EVs will contribute towards increased electrification, especially adoption of modern renewable energy systems (to mitigate emissions from power source). • At the same time, RE systems, especially decentralised RE systems, need to be complemented by the use of storage in the form of batteries. The technology used for these batteries are also the same used for EVs.","{'text': 'Coordinate the development plans of the transport and renewable energy sectors.', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1165,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"Transport infrastructure also makes an important contribution to regional integration. The PDP does not address the climate change footprint of the sector, but concern is expressed about climate change impacts in low-lying urban areas. The Final National Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Action Plan (2014-2021), however, includes the following measures: ● Improving road and drainage infrastructure conditions to cope with climate change; ● Revising design criteria to make future infrastructure more resilient to climate change; ● Adapting urban planning and incorporating measures to reduce GHGs (such as reduce traffic congestion and reuse road material); and, ● Reduce emissions by amending the current legislation to regulate levels from exhaust gases. The National Adaptation Plan (2019) recommends to updated design criteria for resilient infrastructure, protection and flood mitigation and adaption measures.","{'text': 'Adapting urban planning and incorporating measures to reduce GHGs (such as reduce traffic congestion and reuse road material);', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1166,GEO,Georgia,1st NDC,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf,They are expected to be a basis for subsequent larger-scale mitigation actions for the post-2020 period. These NAMA activities include: Gender-sensitive NAMA for sustainable energy in rural areas; NAMA for Low Carbon Buildings in Georgia; Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector. All above mentioned pre-2020 mitigation actions have been taken into account while calculating the BAU scenario. % of Emissions Covered Planning Process Georgia will support its mitigation target with comprehensive national climate change policy. The first step will be the finalization of the LEDS.,"{'text': 'Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector.', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1167,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Complan,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Wherever relevant, introduce the principle of “free, prior, and informed consent”.Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy • To implement intersectoral mitigation and adaptation actions through the coordination and cooperation between federal institutions, public actors, and private actors. • To guarantee the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation criteria in political instruments such as: the evaluation of environmental impacts; general, state, and municipal land-use planning; ecological marine planning, and land-use planning for tourism and urban development. • To align land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, housing, energy, transport, mobility, green areas, coastlines, comprehensive waste management, and water policies, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements. • To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies.","{'text': 'To align land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, housing, energy, transport, mobility, green areas, coastlines, comprehensive waste management, and water policies, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements', 'answer_start': 76}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
1168,AUT,Austria,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"Fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen from renewable sources are an important option especially for applications that are difficult to electrify (such as heavy goods vehicles for long-haul transport). Electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles offer the possibility to use 100% renewable energy and are also considerably more efficient than petrol and diesel vehicles. Eco-driving training teaches drivers how to use and operate their vehicles as efficiently as possible. The rail infrastructure is 100% electrified and powers the trains entirely with electricity from renewable sources. The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen).","{'text': 'Eco-driving training teaches drivers how to use and operate their vehicles as efficiently as possible.', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1169,FRA,France,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"These objectives should: ◦ for cars, aim for an actual consumption level of: ▪ Approximately 4 l/100 km for new thermal vehicles sold after 203071; ▪ 12.5 kWh/100 km for new electric vehicles by 2050; ◦ for heavy goods vehicles, aim for a consumption in 2040 of: ▪ 21 l/100 km for new vehicles running on diesel; ▪ 15 kg/100 km for new vehicles running on natural gas for vehicles (NGV); ▪ 129 kWh/100 km for vehicles running on electricity. Support changes in actual fleet energy efficiency by improving vehicle use through an awareness campaign for all citizens and professionals about eco-driving.","{'text': 'Support changes in actual fleet energy efficiency by improving vehicle use through an awareness campaign for all citizens and professionals about eco-driving', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1170,FRA,France,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Support changes in actual fleet energy efficiency by improving vehicle use through an awareness campaign for all citizens and professionals about eco-driving. Set ambitious decarbonisation goals for vehicles, including two-wheeled vehicles (in gCO /km rather than gCO /kWh) and public health objectives, by prioritising a life cycle approach, incorporating the various environmental criteria (pollution, resources etc.). ◦ At the same time, guarantee the continuity of these strategic directions by giving a clear view, over as long a time frame as possible, of the resulting public policies, while taking into account the inherent uncertainties, coherence with European guidelines, technological developments and technological risks over the long term. ◦ Take the vehicles with the highest impact on atmospheric pollution out of circulation through appropriate measures, including low emissions zones.","{'text': 'Support changes in actual fleet energy efficiency by improving vehicle use through an awareness campaign for all citizens and professionals about eco-driving', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1171,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This includes 1.47 million hybrid vehicles (about 34%), 21,000 electric vehicles (about 0.5%), 18,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles (about 0.4%), 0.07 million fuel cell vehicles (about 0.02%), and 175,000 clean diesel vehicles (about 4.1%).- 36 - Figure 17 Breakdown of energy-related CO2 emissions from transport sector (FY2019, Final Figures) (Source: Compiled based on Japan s GHG Inventory) From the perspective of transportation, logistics, and infrastructure systems it is necessary to strengthen climate measures that will lead to the simultaneous realization of CO2 emission reductions and the vitalization of mobility. This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.).","{'text': 'considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1172,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"This will be in combination with utilizing and applying new technologies such as automated driving and digital technology to electrified vehicles, considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving and new services such as downsizing (downsizing of vehicles, review of routes and frequencies, etc.). It is also required to promote the spread of EVs by devising multifaceted ways to use them, taking advantage of their functions as storage batteries and mobile power sources in times of disaster. b. Developing Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Services through Digital and Green CO2 emissions from the transportation sector account for approx. 20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions.","{'text': 'considering the diverse needs of local transportation for low-speed driving', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1173,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• the enforcement and adaptation of registration taxes, in particular with and the enforcement of the 10% tax on luxury vehicles and the integration of a tax on transit vehicles by 2025. • Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector). • Promote diesel particulate filters for road and off-road vehicles. • Continuation of road upgrading and construction. • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.","{'text': 'Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector)', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1174,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.). 36 Directive restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity, taking into account the reduction of emissions and the minimum rates of excise duties on energy products Prepare and strictly implement the revised Directive 2009/33 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles. Promote the application of green public procurement. Reduce aviation emissions. Support the construction of infrastructure for waterway transport enabling the operation of alternative fuel vessels in inland waterway transport and encourage carriers/operators of inland waterway vessels to remotorise their alternative-fuel vessels. Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving).","{'text': 'Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving).', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1175,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.","{'text': 'Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving).', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1176,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours', 'answer_start': 383}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1177,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours', 'answer_start': 322}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1178,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 ; 2 Bref aperçu du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 énergie durable pour tous (se4all) énergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d’action national, octobreo étendre le réseau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché, o construire l’autoroute de l’Unité par l’accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port autonome. La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.","{'text': 'La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.', 'answer_start': 117}",fr-FR,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1179,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Coûts d’investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN révisées Coûts d’investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Coût d’investissem ent Total % Coûts % Coûts Coût de mise en œuvre Programme de mobilité verte Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est évalué engendrer une réduction d’émissions cumulées de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la période 2020-2030 par rapport à un scénario « business as usual » à travers les projets déclinés en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur résidentiel Les lieux de résidence et de commerce contribuent aux émissions des GES à cause du niveau de consommation d’énergie.","{'text': 'La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1180,TON,Tonga,1st NDC,I_Ecodriving,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga%20INDC.pdf,Energy Efficiency strategy 2016-2017  √ Building on PEEP and PEEP2 Enforcement of Minimum Energy Performance Standards Regulation [Cooling Equipment] 2013-2017   √ SPC AusAid. (AUD 2.7m) Additional activities to achieve 50% renewable electricity generation by 2020: Network Efficiency: & Power System Monitoring: Village Electricity Network Upgrade 2014-2016     Funded by NZ (40m NZD) Diesel Engines Fuel Efficiency Services Training 2016-2020   Solar Vehicle Public awareness Tour Project 2015-2020   Identified Private Sector Investment Interest Additional activities to achieve 100% renewable electricity generation by 2030: Geothermal Power Generation 2020-2030   JICA interest Biomass and Waste Power Generation 2020-2030   China interest Investment in Resilience: Scientific and technology transfer 2015-2030   JICA interest Disaster Resilience 2015-2030   World Bank Sea Wall and Foreshore Protection 2015-2030   ADB and EU Climate Proofing Public Infrastructure 2015-2030   World Bank Housing 2015-2030   TBC,"{'text': 'Diesel Engines Fuel Efficiency Services Training', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
1181,AUT,Austria,LTS,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The selection of where to live and work and the quality and energy consumption intensity of the chosen means of transport are based on the economic conditions. The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system.18 If these goals are to be reached, it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system.192.4.3.4.2 Reducing traffic by the scheme “avoidance, modal shifts, and improvement” The mobility transformation will be achieved by following these principles.","{'text': 'it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1182,AUT,Austria,LTS,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system.18 If these goals are to be reached, it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system.192.4.3.4.2 Reducing traffic by the scheme “avoidance, modal shifts, and improvement” The mobility transformation will be achieved by following these principles. Avoidance The increased digitalisation of work is bringing the workplace and home closer together again, and mobility management will help to avoid unnecessary travel.","{'text': 'it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1183,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1184,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments. Introduce measures to reduce emissions in transport in fiscal policy, in line with the forthcoming revision of Council Directive 2003/96/EC36 and according to the OECD Recommendations 37 and the Progress Report of the Environmental Performance of OECD Recommendations,38 unless they are in contradiction with Council Directive 2003/96/EC, whereas the measures will take into account price competitiveness and elasticity of consumption. Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied.","{'text': 'Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1185,GBR,United Kingdom,Updated NDC,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UK%20NDC%20ICTU%202022.pdf,"The Green Growth Strategy is currently awaiting sign off by the NI Executive. Additionally, The Path to Net Zero44 is Northern Ireland’s current energy strategy and sets a long-term vision of net zero carbon and affordable energy for Northern Ireland by 2050. Local authorities Local authorities play an essential role in driving action to tackle climate change with significant influence in energy, housing and transport. Across the UK, local authorities are actively driving progress on net zero. Local Government can also attract net zero private sector investment, which complements national approaches to attracting net zero investment. HM Government works closely with local government and has provided support to help them contribute to delivering net zero.","{'text': 'Local authorities play an essential role in driving action to tackle climate change with significant influence in energy, housing and transport.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1186,GBR,United Kingdom,Updated NDC,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UK%20NDC%20ICTU%202022.pdf,"The findings of these dialogues were considered and informed the development of the Net Zero Strategy. HM Government has also run and funded public workshops and deliberative dialogues on a range of net zero issues such as net zero homes, heating, transport decarbonisation, hydrogen, food, Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS), Advanced Nuclear Technologies (ANT), energy, and the environment. HM Government also ran a public consultation on the approach to the UK Emissions Trading Scheme59 in March 2022. The Welsh Government’s Engagement approach around Climate Change 2022-26 60 was published in June 2022 and provides a framework for working with Team Wales partners around the delivery of Net Zero Wales (Carbon Budget 2) 61.","{'text': 'HM Government has also run and funded public workshops and deliberative dialogues on a range of net zero issues such as net zero homes, heating, transport decarbonisation, hydrogen, food, Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS), Advanced Nuclear Technologies (ANT), energy, and the environment. HM Government also ran a public consultation on the approach to the UK Emissions Trading Scheme59 in March 2022.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1187,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,G_Subnat,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"This will support levelling-up and help reinvent high streets as enjoyable places to live, work, visit and spend leisure time. Policies and proposals 14. As the Transport Decarbonisation Plan and this Strategy are implemented, we will continue to consider the views of stakeholders from across the UK. We will engage closely with Devolved Administrations, respecting areas of devolved competency, as we work towards our shared goal of achieving net zero. We will also continue to collaborate with local authorities and other regional bodies to identify and support local solutions. 15. Depending on progress in the sector, at some points additional targeted action maybe be required, such as steps to reduce use of the most polluting cars and tackle urban congestion, to enable these targets to be met.","{'text': 'We will also continue to collaborate with local authorities and other regional bodies to identify and support local solutions', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,Who is involved at subnational government level?
1188,AUT,Austria,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf,"The bicycle is an ideal complement to public rail transport especially in urban areas thanks to its flexibility, and is a good alternative to a motor vehicle thanks to the little space that it requires. The positive effects that active mobility has on health are also important in this context, and are economically relevant. The transformation of the mobility system will lead to the increased use of active mobility forms (walking and bicycling). This will reduce the number of sick days of people, and will increase their life expectancy. The economic conditions, especially investments by and contracts from public agencies, public funding, and the tax system have a major influence on mobility behaviour and the volume of traffic.","{'text': 'The positive effects that active mobility has on health are also important in this context, and are economically relevant. The transformation of the mobility system will lead to the increased use of active mobility forms (walking and bicycling). This will reduce the number of sick days of people, and will increase their life expectancy.', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1189,EEU,European Union,LTS,B_Health,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Just as for renewable energy in the previous decade, the automotive industry already today heavily invests in the emergence of zero and low emission vehicle technologies, such as electric vehicles. A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy. Electrification of short sea shipping and inland waterways is also an option, where the power to weight ratio makes it feasible. Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes.","{'text': 'A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1190,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Pour parvenir à la neutralité climatique d’ici à 2050, le défi consiste donc à inverser cette tendance et à tout mettre en œuvre pour décarboniser le système de mobilité. Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.","{'text': 'générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.', 'answer_start': 75}",fr-FR,Are there any health benefits?
1191,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux.","{'text': 'générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.', 'answer_start': 46}",fr-FR,Are there any health benefits?
1192,MLT,Malta,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Increased awareness in homes enables food cost savings „ Improved public health „ Improved security for incinerator workers & neighborhoods „ Better job conditions for EfW plant workers „ Lower nuisance effects on individuals residing near the EfW facility Economic „ Cost savings for commercial businesses and more customer profile insights for tailored offerings „ Potential reduction in costs, capacity issues and adverse externalities experienced in the sector „ Economic efficiency and resiliency gains from a more circular economy „ Creation of additional raw material input into secondary economic markets „ R&I in connection with change in biogas use and development of efficient waste sorting management processes „ Indirect contribution to lowering food insecurity and malnutrition goals „ Positive impacts on reaching national recycling targets Social „ Change in household behavior requires more attention and effort, against time and space constraints „ Potential disincentive for households to sort recyclable waste at source (from semi-mixed waste separation measure) Economic „ Higher administrative burden on Local Councils „ Higher cost of collection „ Administrative burden „ Change in demand for printing houses „ Macroeconomic impacts from household behavior changes (e.g. purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts „ Electrification measures „ Public Transport measures „ Active Transport measures „ Teleworking/ remote working Social „ Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising „ Increased flexibility for employees „ Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses „ Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation „ Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network „ Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic „ Incremental investment in the EV market „ Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics „ New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure „ Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency „ Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social „ High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market „ Risks for public safety in EV accidents „ Waste management of EVs/ batteries „ Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) „ Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW „ Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide.","{'text': 'Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising', 'answer_start': 224}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1193,MLT,Malta,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts „ Electrification measures „ Public Transport measures „ Active Transport measures „ Teleworking/ remote working Social „ Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising „ Increased flexibility for employees „ Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses „ Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation „ Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network „ Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic „ Incremental investment in the EV market „ Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics „ New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure „ Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency „ Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social „ High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market „ Risks for public safety in EV accidents „ Waste management of EVs/ batteries „ Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) „ Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW „ Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide. Economic „ Business costs in connection with EV transition adjustments „ Potentially lower market competition in EV market and competitive distortions from public transport subsidisation „ Negative knock-on effects on economic activity and employment in traditional personal car travel sectors „ Additional tax/ charges burden on businesses and individuals, which can result to be of a regressive nature „ Administrative requirements for management of any mechanism to disincentivise undesirable usage „ Free public transport may disincentivise innovation/ competition in this market „ Negative/ displacement effects on commercial activity of any location-specific disincentive scheme Table 26: Impact Assessment for the Transport sectorAnnexesMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy 6.1.","{'text': 'Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1194,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The transport sub-sector contributed approximately 2,007 Gg CO2 eq (17 percent) of the total sectoral emissions in 201525. This sub-sector is a growing source of emissions, particularly with the expansion of urban towns and cities, the population contained in these towns and cities mainly rely on fossil fuel-run vehicles for commuting. Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services. Other Sectors contributed 459Gg CO2 eq (4 percent) of the sectoral emissions in 201526, especially from the residential and commercial buildings. PNG does not have much experience with energy efficiency in the residential and commercial building sub-sector; hence the lack of energy efficiency measures to date or energy efficiency projects, which may generate a high return on investments.","{'text': 'Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services.', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1195,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Decarbonising transport will also help achieve other benefits: • It will improve health by removing a source of air pollution. There will still be particulate emissions associated with road, rail, tyre, and brake wear, and we are working to tackle those too, but the toxic by-products of burning hydrocarbon fuels will be eliminated from the roadside and rail; • Physical inactivity costs the NHS up to £1 billion per annum, with further indirect costs of £8.2 billion – active travel can reduce that; and • Over half the UK population is exposed to daytime noise levels above recommended limits. Zero emission vehicles – extremely quiet at low, urban speeds – will help address this. This will support levelling-up and help reinvent high streets as enjoyable places to live, work, visit and spend leisure time. Policies and proposals 14.","{'text': 'Over half the UK population is exposed to daytime noise levels above recommended limits. Zero emission vehicles – extremely quiet at low, urban speeds – will help address this', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1196,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"   Clean Coal technology - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Deployment of carbon capture to sub-critical coal power stations in the north of Malawi with permanent geological storage within in-situ coal seams. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM, IPPs, Department of Mines, donors US$ 4.8 billion conditional Not applicable    TRANSPORTMALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 35 NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Modal shift: private to passenger transport Increasing the share of passenger transport from around 10% at present to around 30% in 2040, reducing GHG emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MOTPW, MOLG (Department of Road Traffic and Safety Services) Passenger Associations, Bus Operators Associations, City Councils, private transport cos million uc: US$ 41m c: US$ 97m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 144}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1197,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Modal shift: road to rail freight Increased use of rail under the National Transport Master Plan, resulting in reduced diesel consumptions and GHG emissions from road freight transport. MOTPW (Department of Rail and Public Transport) Road Transporters Association, Railway Operator, District and City Councils billion uc: US$ 6.45m c: US$ 6.45m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Increasing ethanol blending with gasoline as a transportation fuel Achieving an average national blend rate of 20% ethanol, resulting in reduced GHG emissions from gasoline consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1198,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Blending biodiesel with diesel as a transportation fuel Commercial production of biodiesel fuel reaching 55 million litres and resulting in reduced GHG emissions from diesel consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, MOA, DADOs, private sector million uc: US$ 141m c: US$ 16m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1199,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    BUILDINGSMALAWI’S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 36 NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Improved charcoal cookstoves - rural households (a) Deployment of efficient charcoal cookstoves to urban households; increasing from 20% to 30% efficiency thereby reducing demand for charcoal and O emissions. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs), Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (DOF) District Energy Offices, District Forestry Offices, District Councils, NGOs, Area and Village Development Committees US$ 8 million unconditional Reduced demand for traditional biomass, which helps to reduce pressure on forestry resources with associated reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.    Improved firewood cookstoves - rural households (b) Introduction of 2 million improved high efficiency stoves, resulting in carbon sink preservation through reduction in use of unsustainable biomass fuel.","{'text': 'Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1200,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Many of the mitigation options can be summarized as “modal shift” – moving passengers or freight from one form or mode of transport to another, less polluting, one. Air pollution in major urban areas is severe and the health benefits of these measures immediate. For example, when High Speed Rail (HSR) is available in Nigeria, a shift from air travel to HSR could begin. Significant investments are being made to revive rail transport, which also has the potential to carry a share of the fast-growing cargo load. With the early stage status of the high speed rail network in Nigeria, it is not possible to quantify the costs and potential accurately. Measures to increase the efficiency of existing vehicles and the transport system are also possible.","{'text': 'Many of the mitigation options can be summarized as “modal shift” – moving passengers or freight from one form or mode of transport to another, less polluting, one. Air pollution in major urban areas is severe and the health benefits of these measures immediate.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1201,TON,Tonga,LTS,B_Health,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The latter not only refers to the decentralisation of physical infrastructure, but also the human resource needed to operate and maintain it. It would, therefore, also involve the management of human resources potentially across a number of ministries and the civil service. This could be assisted by short courses and vocational training to be provided for staff who are recruited to decentralised posts. The sector also has close linkages with health and healthier lifestyle choices, such as cycling and walking, which could deliver added benefits such as reduced obesity and incidence of non-communicable diseases in Tonga. Gender and social inclusion considerations The actions needed in this pathway include significant communication and awareness raising among the general public and other groups.","{'text': 'The sector also has close linkages with health and healthier lifestyle choices, such as cycling and walking, which could deliver added benefits such as reduced obesity and incidence of non-communicable diseases in Tonga.', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,Are there any health benefits?
1202,BEL,Belgium,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"Elle consacre toutefois un chapitre à la réduction des gaz fluorés et fait référence en termes généraux aux « initiatives développant des modèles de production décarbonés, vers l économie circulaire et régénérative …». 8 La stratégie wallonne parle de décarbonation complète, la stratégie flamande de zéro émission pour les transports et la stratégie bruxelloise considère également qu il est possible de décarboner largement les  
   Chaque stratégie se focalise principalement sur la gestion/rationalisation de la demande de transport, en mettant l accent sur la numérisation, l aménagement efficace du territoire et une économie circulaire avec des chaînes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui réduit le besoin de transport de marchandises.","{'text': 'une économie circulaire avec des chaînes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui réduit le besoin de transport de marchandises.', 'answer_start': 94}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1203,BEL,Belgium,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"8 La stratégie wallonne parle de décarbonation complète, la stratégie flamande de zéro émission pour les transports et la stratégie bruxelloise considère également qu il est possible de décarboner largement les  
   Chaque stratégie se focalise principalement sur la gestion/rationalisation de la demande de transport, en mettant l accent sur la numérisation, l aménagement efficace du territoire et une économie circulaire avec des chaînes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui réduit le besoin de transport de marchandises. En outre, chacune des stratégies régionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fixées, avec des avantages supplémentaires en termes de qualité de l air, de mobilité et d occupation de l espace public.","{'text': 'une économie circulaire avec des chaînes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui réduit le besoin de transport de marchandises.', 'answer_start': 61}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1204,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"The LEDS for Surface Transport12 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6. Private vehicle demand management through shared mobility, traffic system management carpooling, ride sharing and rental services, import restriction on internal combustion engine cars from 2030 and introducing annual import quota system.","{'text': 'Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1205,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"This enabling activity will result in the full assessment of mitigation potentials in the industries sector and facilitate the participation of the private sector in low emission development. e) Low Emission Development Strategy for Surface Transport The LEDS for Surface Transport18 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6.","{'text': 'Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1206,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1207,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1208,CHN,China,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises. Green logistics will be developed speedily, transport resources will be optimized and the overall utilization efficiency will be advanced. Measures will be taken for expediting vehicles and vessels that are powered by new energy and clean energy, popularizing intelligent transportation, pushing forward the electrification of railways, giving impetus to constructing hydrogen filling stations, and normalizing the utilization of shore-end cable for vessels at ports. China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap.","{'text': 'Green logistics will be developed speedily, transport resources will be optimized and the overall utilization efficiency will be advanced.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1209,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"0,60 Mt CO2 eq Industrial 17) Procesos de producción sostenible en el sector cemento: Gestión en eficiencia energética e incremento del coprocesamiento para reducir el indicador de intensidad de emisiones por unidad productiva mediante la optimización de procesos relacionados con energía térmica, el aprovechamiento de materiales con valorización energética, el reúso de algunos componentes en la fabricación del Clinker, y el uso de la capacidad instalada de la planta para elevar el nivel de coprocesamiento. Incremento del coprocesamiento (con residuos, materiales y subproductos) que permite la sustitución de demanda de energéticos fósiles en un 15% del valor total de consumo de las plantas.xlii 18) Gestión de proyectos para mejora de las operaciones logísticas y manejo de producto en centros de abastecimiento: Gestión de una línea estratégica de logística sostenible para el diagnóstico, asistencia técnica, identificación y estructuración de proyectos y posterior apoyo a la implementación, para fomentar en las empresas el mejoramiento de operaciones logísticas y de procesos relacionados con el manejo de productos con impacto en productividad y en sostenibilidad ambiental Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (vehículos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimización de la logística, con impacto en la reducción de emisiones y en la reducción de consumo de combustibles.","{'text': 'Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (vehículos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimización de la logística, con impacto en la reducción de emisiones y en la reducción de consumo de combustibles', 'answer_start': 172}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1210,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Incremento del coprocesamiento (con residuos, materiales y subproductos) que permite la sustitución de demanda de energéticos fósiles en un 15% del valor total de consumo de las plantas.xlii 18) Gestión de proyectos para mejora de las operaciones logísticas y manejo de producto en centros de abastecimiento: Gestión de una línea estratégica de logística sostenible para el diagnóstico, asistencia técnica, identificación y estructuración de proyectos y posterior apoyo a la implementación, para fomentar en las empresas el mejoramiento de operaciones logísticas y de procesos relacionados con el manejo de productos con impacto en productividad y en sostenibilidad ambiental Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (vehículos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimización de la logística, con impacto en la reducción de emisiones y en la reducción de consumo de combustibles. Por ejemplo: Reducción del consumo de combustibles de un 7% por optimización de carga/ruta.","{'text': 'Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (vehículos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimización de la logística, con impacto en la reducción de emisiones y en la reducción de consumo de combustibles', 'answer_start': 97}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1211,COL,Colombia,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Sistema de transporte no dependiente de combustibles fósiles (mayoritar- iamente eléctrico), para asegurar la completa movilidad de los ciudada- nos, así como de los bienes necesa- rios para el desarrollo económico a. La intensidad energética del transporte carretero de pasajeros (MJ/pkm) se redu- ciría a la mitad en 2050 comparado con 2015 por el cambio modal y la electrificación. b. El consumo energético del sector transporte carretero de pasajeros aumen- tará 40 % en 2050respecto a 2015. c. Conformación de red pública de esta- ciones de carga eléctrica urbana e interur- bana. En el 2050 los corredores interurbanos a. Adopción de nuevas tecnologías de cero y muy bajas emisiones para camiones de carga. b. La intensidad energética del trans- porte de carga se reducirá entre el 30 % y 45 % en 2050, comparado con 2015.","{'text': 'Adopción de nuevas tecnologías de cero y muy bajas emisiones para camiones de carga', 'answer_start': 99}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1212,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Period Goals • At least 1 cargo logistics pilot project operates under low-emission parameters. • Limon’s Electric Freight Train (TELCA) in operation. 3.1.1 To implement measures that improve the distribution of cargo in agreement with the Logistics and Cargo Plan. • To create consolidation centers or logistics activity zones (including scanners and other intelligent merchandise management systems) in the peripheries of the GMA and other emerging population centers. • To define peripheral routes and schedules that limit the access of heavy trucks to urban centers. • To establish pilot projects of centers of consolidation and final distribution that combine technologies and various modes of transportation, creating possible “low-emission areas”. • To adequately divide loads so that the size of the cargo vehicles that circulate in urban centers are proportional.","{'text': 'To implement measures that improve the distribution of cargo in agreement with the Logistics and Cargo Plan.', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1213,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"E. ""Just transition"" labor strategy - Working conditions of the drivers of cargo vehicles. G. Transparency, metrics and open data strategy: - To make available in open format, updated data on behavior and performance of the light and heavy cargo mobility. *Avoid lock-in: To limit the options that deepen dependence on fossil fuels or generate new dependencies. At least 1 cargo logistics pilot project operates under low-emission parameters. Limon’s Electric Freight Train (TELCA) in operation Cargo logistics pilot project Limon’s Electric Freight Train (TELCA) operating 3.1.1 To implement measures that improve the distribution of cargo in agreement with the Logistics and Cargo Plan. To create consolidation centers or logistics activity zones (including scanners and other intelligent merchandise management systems) in the peripheries of the GMA and other emerging population centers. o To define peripheral routes and schedules that limit the access of heavy trucks to urban centers.","{'text': 'To implement measures that improve the distribution of cargo in agreement with the Logistics and Cargo Plan.', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1214,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• 1 pilot project to improve the efficiency of the freight transport sector (use of biofuels and LPG). Activities 3.2.1 To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. • To promote technologies such as LPG, use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. • To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. 3.2.2 To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. • To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles.","{'text': 'To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements.', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1215,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"1 pilot project to improve the efficiency of the freight transport sector (use of biofuels and LPG). Plan elaborated Pilot project started the TELCA, including the establishment of the rates, prices or fares required for its implementation. 3.2.1 To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. o To promote technologies such as LPG, use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. o To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. 3.2.2 To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. o To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles.","{'text': 'To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1216,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• 1 pilot project to improve the efficiency of the freight transport sector (use of biofuels and LPG). Activities 3.2.1 To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. • To promote technologies such as LPG, use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. • To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. 3.2.2 To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. • To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles.","{'text': 'To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1217,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"1 pilot project to improve the efficiency of the freight transport sector (use of biofuels and LPG). Plan elaborated Pilot project started the TELCA, including the establishment of the rates, prices or fares required for its implementation. 3.2.1 To design a plan for the technological efficiency improvement of the cargo transport sector, which will consider aspects such as technological improvement (LPG, for example), the use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. o To promote technologies such as LPG, use of filters, biofuels and other efficiency improvements. o To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. 3.2.2 To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport. o To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles.","{'text': 'To implement a pilot project of efficiency improvement of the cargo transport.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1218,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles. • To manage the strengthening of Central American and national regulations linked to efficiency standards, emissions, safety for light and heavy loads. 3.2.3 To adjust Law 9518 so that fiscal incentives also apply for electric light-duty vehicles. 3.2.4 To establish a Pilot Plan to involve companies in the cargo transport sector in the Carbon Neutrality Country Program 2.0. To avoid “lock-in” To limit the options that deepen dependence on fossil fuels or generate new dependencies. To generate improvements in the regulation and gradual standards that are consistent with the deep decarbonization process and which consider the availability of competitive technological options and the lifespan of assets. 1.","{'text': 'To establish a Pilot Plan to involve companies in the cargo transport sector in the Carbon Neutrality Country Program 2.0', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1219,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To reinforce road emissions controls, of the compliance of standards and maintenance regulations for light and heavy cargo vehicles. o To manage the strengthening of Central American and national regulations linked to efficiency standards, emissions, safety for light and heavy loads. 3.2.3. To adjust Law 9518 so that fiscal incentives also apply for electric light-duty vehicles 3.2.4. To establish a Pilot Plan to involve companies in the cargo transport sector in the Carbon Neutrality Country Program 2.0. RECOPE MINAE SEPSE MOPT COMEX Private sector MOPT COMEX SEPSE Presidency MINAE Presidency Legislative Assembly MINAE Ministery of financy MINAE MOPT Private sector 3.2 To promote technological efficiency in heavy and light cargo transport sector 3. Promotion of a freight transport that adopts modalities, technologies and energy sources until achieving zero or the lowest emissions possible. Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actorsC.","{'text': 'To establish a Pilot Plan to involve companies in the cargo transport sector in the Carbon Neutrality Country Program 2.0', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1220,FJI,Fiji,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Fiji will also aim to develop integrated low carbon mobility plans that include PT, last mile connectivity, and NMT to attract international climate financing. To support the investment case, bus use will be promoted and public investments will be made into pedestrian and public transport infrastructure and traffic control measures to improve bus operations and usage. There will also need to be a commitment to better planning and understanding of bus operations. These measures will strengthen the business case and create an enabling environment for investment, thereby supporting bus operators and other stakeholders in making the transition to a low carbon PT system. Promoting More Efficient Trucks.","{'text': 'Promoting More Efficient Trucks.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1221,FJI,Fiji,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"These measures will strengthen the business case and create an enabling environment for investment, thereby supporting bus operators and other stakeholders in making the transition to a low carbon PT system. Promoting More Efficient Trucks. To achieve zero emissions in the transport sector in the Very High Ambition Scenario, this LEDS envisions a maximum lifetime of vehicles of 20 years. All vehicles after 2030 would need to be replaced with electric units after reaching 20 years. This will require considerable financial resources in terms of scrappage fees. Efficiency improvement measures have a (low) investment cost and this is recovered through energy savings i.e., measures are profitable and thus do not result in a total cost increase.","{'text': 'Promoting More Efficient Trucks.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1222,FRA,France,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.) over short distances and in zones not covered by public transport and develop tools and infrastructures that facilitate shared mobility: for example, invest in multimodal exchange hubs facilitating public transport and new types of mobility. Support the circular economy and short supply circuits so as to uncouple growth in traffic and freight from GDP. For all new infrastructure projects, take the impact of traffic generated into account in public decision-making in order to achieve a “carbon audit” (construction/use/maintenance) that is coherent with the climate policies. See also the guidelines in chapter 4.1.iv. “Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”.","{'text': 'Support the circular economy and short supply circuits so as to uncouple growth in traffic and freight from GDP.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1223,ISL,Iceland,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"The Climate Action Plan includes a total of 50 measures, divided into three parts Measures to reduce Iceland’s Effort Sharing emissions (ESR)1 Measures to reduce emissions in connection with EU-ETS2 Measures to reduce emissions and increase carbon sequestration through improved land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)3 A. Land transport B. Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1.","{'text': 'Energy transition in heavy transport', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1224,ISL,Iceland,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.","{'text': 'Energy transition in heavy transport', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1225,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"At the same time, based on Bicycle Use Promotion Act (Law No. 113 of 2016), which clearly states that the degree of dependence on automobiles in transportation should be reduced, it is necessary to promote the use of bicycles by increasing bicycle sharing for commuting purposes. In light of the fact that truck transportation accounts for approx. 80% of domestic freight transportation, and that CO2 emissions from trucks (total of commercial and private use) account for approx. 7% of Japan s total CO2 emissions, it is a challenge to improve the efficiency in freight transportation and to shift to the mode of transportation with a lower CO2 emission intensity. The shipping, aviation, and railway sectors account for approx.","{'text': ', it is a challenge to improve the efficiency in freight transportation and to shift to the mode of transportation with a lower CO2 emission intensity.', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1226,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In addition to measures for vehicles alone, it is important to organically link and integrate electrified vehicles with various social systems in local regions, in response to the electrification of vehicles and with a view to the transformation of the mobility society in 2050 as depicted in the Green Growth Strategy. In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc.","{'text': 'the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1227,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc. with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.","{'text': 'the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1228,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).","{'text': 'promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »', 'answer_start': 117}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1229,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.","{'text': 'promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »', 'answer_start': 19}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1230,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active (plan national de mobilité, pistes cyclables dédiées, attractivité des transports publics, réseau ferroviaire transeuropéen avec connexion appropriée) 2. Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions (électrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. Décarbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (stratégie de décarbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur aérien et maritime (solutions à l’échelle européenne et mondiale, systèmes d’échange de quotas d’émission) 4. Economie (stratégie de décarbonisation de l’industrie, système d’échange de quotas d’émission de l’UE, efficacité énergétique, électrification, hydrogène) 1. Economie circulaire (stratégie pour une économie circulaire Luxembourg, stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg ») 2.","{'text': 'Décarbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (stratégie de décarbonisation du secteur logistique)', 'answer_start': 62}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1231,AUS,Australia,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Australias_LTS_WEB.pdf,"Australia is also helping the heavy vehicle fleet to reduce emissions. The $24.5 million Freight Energy Productivity Program will increase the use of new truck technology and improve knowledge sharing for heavy vehicle freight operators. Both CEFC and ARENA have invested in projects demonstrating hydrogen use in heavy transport. Box 3.3 Future Fuels Strategy and Government investment Australia’s forthcoming Future Fuels Strategy will be supported by measures that enable consumer choice, stimulate industry development and reduce emissions in the road transport sector.","{'text': 'Australia is also helping the heavy vehicle fleet to reduce emissions. The $24.5 million Freight Energy Productivity Program will increase the use of new truck technology and improve knowledge sharing for heavy vehicle freight operators.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1232,CHN,China,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Build a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and integrate the concept of green development throughout the entire process of transportation infrastructure planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance, and actively promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green waterways, green ports, green airports, and green hubs. ⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes.","{'text': 'improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes.', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1233,CHN,China,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the transportation structure, continue to deepen the construction of special railways and special railway lines, actively develop direct river-sea and river-sea combined transportation, strive to increase the proportion of combined iron and water transportation, accelerate the promotion of the ""revolution to rail"" and ""revolution to water"" of bulk cargo in coastal ports, and vigorously develop multi- modal high-efficiency transportation organization modes such as combined transportation, drop-and-pull transportation and joint distribution, improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes. ⚫ Promote the development of smart transportation, and actively develop new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as autonomous driving and shared cars.","{'text': 'improve the efficiency of transportation operations, promote the standardization of freight vehicles, and accelerate the application of recyclable standardized logistics turnover boxes.', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1234,ECU,Ecuador,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf,"- Desarrollo y promoción de un mercado de Empresas de Gestión de la Energía (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energética - Optimización de Generación Eléctrica y Eficiencia Energética (OGE&EE) - Reducción de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilización del gas asociado al petróleo para la generación de energía eléctrica y producción de GLP. (Ampliación del Programa). Energías Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energía Geotermia. - Hidroenergía: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energética en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refinería.","{'text': 'Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga.', 'answer_start': 84}",es-ES,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1235,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"e. Logistics revolution The Government will facilitate the modal shift from automobile transportation to coastal shipping or rail transportation to reduce CO2 emission and measure labor shortage in the logistics. In order to shorten onshore truck transportation distances to ports, the Government will promote the development of international marine container terminals and international logistics terminals, and high standardization that incorporates the ICT and IoT technology. Additionally, the Government will develop AI terminals for practical use, and pursue the reduction of CO2 emissions by dissolving the queues of trailers waiting outside terminal gates. The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators.","{'text': 'The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1236,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators. The Government will also take initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions by encouraging cooperation between shippers and logistics companies carrying out deliveries, to improve efficiencies in transportation and loading. The Government will also work to establish low CO2 emission transportation and delivery systems, with the collaboration of operators by combining freight and passengers on existing transportation capabilities, such as passenger railways, express buses and route busses as well as the use of the IoT. The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers.","{'text': 'The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1237,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers. In conjunction with this, the Government will aim to improve the efficiency of truck transportation with operations management support using ETC 2.0, as well as reviewing the special vehicle-priority permission system that enables route changes according to traffic conditions. The Government will also seek efficiency through specific studies on expressway infrastructure that supports new logistics systems. In light of the progress in autonomous driving, the AI, and the IoT related technologies, the Government will strive to optimize shipping services from an environmental perspective, in addition to promoting efforts to reduce CO2 emissions through vehicle dynamics management in vehicle operation.","{'text': 'aim to improve the efficiency of truck transportation with operations management support using ETC 2.0, as well as reviewing the special vehicle-priority permission system that enables route changes according to traffic conditions.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1238,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Residential sector 122 201 (180)  Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing  Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses  Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater)  Introduction of high-efficient light  Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc. Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters  Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor)  Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.","{'text': 'Optimization of truck transport', 'answer_start': 172}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1239,JPN,Japan,1st NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf,"Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc. Energy conversion sector 73 101 (104)  Expanding renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible  Utilizing nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed  Pursuit of high efficiency in thermal power generation (USC, A-USC, IGCC, etc.)","{'text': 'Optimization of truck transport', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1240,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,Domestic shipping is responsible for approximately a third of RMI’s fuel consumption. RMI was the only country to explicitly include domestic shipping in its 2025 NDC and has led the way – as the world’s second biggest flag registry – to encourage efforts to decarbonize international shipping at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). 115. There are a number of interventions that RMI can pursue in the short to medium- term to achieve a low-carbon pathway for domestic sea transportation. These include: x changes to ship design; x changes to operations; x fuel switching/mixing; x improved docking facilities to reduce the amount of time (and fuel) required to load and unload ships. 116. These efficiency improvements can also provide economic benefits through avoided costs from fuel imports. 117.,"{'text': 'improved docking facilities to reduce the amount of time (and fuel) required to load and unload ships', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1241,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"We will also take opportunities to improve the wellbeing of New Zealanders. Actions include: ► reducing reliance on cars and supporting people to walk, cycle and use public transport ► rapidly adopting EVs (and low-emission fuels) ► decarbonising heavy transport and freight. Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 47CONTRIBUTION TO OUR LONG-TERM VISION Aotearoa has a highly renewable, net-zero emissions energy system. Energy is accessible and affordable and supports the wellbeing of all New Zealanders. Energy supply is secure, resilient and reliable. Energy systems support economic development and productivity growth that align with the transition to a low-emissions future. State of play The energy and industry sectors are essential for the economy and the lives of New Zealanders. They provide electricity to light and heat homes and workplaces, and the heat that powers manufacturing and industry.","{'text': 'decarbonising heavy transport and freight', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1242,NOR,Norway,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.","{'text': 'Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1243,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"tonnes ) Note (*): increase in GHGs sequestration 2.4. Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors.","{'text': 'Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market;', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1244,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.","{'text': 'Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market;', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1245,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Improving efficiency in freight transport', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1246,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Improving efficiency in freight transport', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1247,MEX,Mexico,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"M5.3 To accelerate the penetration of low global warming potential refrigerants in different sectors including: air conditioning, refrigeration, and foaming agents. This will be accompanied by the reduction of leaks, HFCs management and adequate disposal. M5.4 To strengthen best practice programs for refrigeration, recovery and final disposal of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). M5.5 To strengthen regulation and programs for preventing and controlling forest fires, prescribed fires, and slash and burn practices. M5.6 To implement sustainable resource recovery programs for forest biomass and agriculture waste. M5.7 To implement clean transportation systems in freight corridors. M5.8 To encourage the implementation of emission reduction and operational efficiency programs focused on operational, administrative, technological, and financial characteristics within the freight sector.","{'text': 'To implement clean transportation systems in freight corridors', 'answer_start': 88}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1248,MEX,Mexico,LTS,I_Freighteff,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"M5.8 To encourage the implementation of emission reduction and operational efficiency programs focused on operational, administrative, technological, and financial characteristics within the freight sector. This will be balanced by the needs of the owner-operator and small truckers. M5.9 To substitute cooking overa n open fire for efficient, low- emission stoves. To disincentive the unsustainable use of wood, we will focus on municipalities with high and very high level of marginalization. M5.10 To encourage the use of technologies and fuels that reduce BC emission, such as particle filters and ultra-low sulfur diesel. M5.11 To encourage BC emissions reduction in medium and large scale industries by changing coke fuel, fuel oil, and diesel for low black carbon emission fuels.","{'text': 'To encourage the implementation of emission reduction and operational efficiency programs focused on operational, administrative, technological, and financial characteristics within the freight sector. This will be balanced by the needs of the owner-operator and small truckers.', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
1249,BEL,Belgium,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf,"Enfin, les stratégies wallonne et flamande reconnaissent la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de l aviation et du transport maritime internationaux, notamment par des carburants alternatifs respectueux du climat. Le niveau fédéral assurera, entre autres, un réseau ferroviaire performant disposant d’interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises. En outre il peut soutenir, grâce à ses compétences en matière de fiscalité et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des véhicules à émissions nulles.","{'text': 'Le niveau fédéral assurera, entre autres, un réseau ferroviaire performant disposant d’interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises.', 'answer_start': 36}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1250,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"0,13 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 24) NAMA Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte (DOT): Consolidación y conservación de ciudades densas, con mezclas en usos del suelo, alta circulación de peatones y ciclistas, cobertura plena de servicios de transporte público colectivo o masivo y con un fuerte tejido social cimentado en la cercanía, la noción de vecindad y la accesibilidad a bienes y servicios urbanos a escala y velocidad humana. Meta ajustada para cada ciudad: Pasto, Manizales, Cali, Bogotá 0,16 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 25) Rehabilitación del corredor férreo La Dorada - Chiriguaná - Santa Marta: rehabilitación de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones técnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.","{'text': 'Rehabilitación del corredor férreo La Dorada - Chiriguaná - Santa Marta: rehabilitación de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones técnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.', 'answer_start': 82}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1251,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Meta ajustada para cada ciudad: Pasto, Manizales, Cali, Bogotá 0,16 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 25) Rehabilitación del corredor férreo La Dorada - Chiriguaná - Santa Marta: rehabilitación de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones técnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social. Transporte de 4,2 millones de toneladas de carga al año 0,11 Mt CO2 eq Transporte Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible 26) Restauración ecológica: Iniciativa para la masificación de la restauración ecológica, que busca comenzar o acelerar procesos de restablecimiento de un área de ecosistema boscoso degradada, dañada o destruida con relación a su función, estructura y composición, en línea con el Plan Nacional de Restauración. Restauración de 962.615 hectáreas (2015-2030).","{'text': 'Rehabilitación del corredor férreo La Dorada - Chiriguaná - Santa Marta: rehabilitación de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones técnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.', 'answer_start': 15}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1252,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Second, a more efficient organisation of the entire mobility system based on digitalisation, data sharing and interoperable standards is of utmost importance to make mobility cleaner. This will allow smart traffic management and increasingly automated mobility in all modes, reducing congestion and increasing occupancy rates. Regional infrastructure and spatial planning should be improved to realise the full benefits of increased use of public transport. Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations.","{'text': 'Regional infrastructure and spatial planning should be improved to realise the full benefits of increased use of public transport', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1253,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050. Future investments need to focus on the least polluting modes, promote synergies between transport, digital and electricity networks to enable innovations such as vehicle-to-grid services, and include smart features such as the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTM) upfront. That would enable for instance high-speed train connections to become a real alternative to aviation for short and medium distance passenger travel within the EU. Europe should remain the champion of multilateralism.","{'text': 'Future investments need to focus on the least polluting modes, promote synergies between transport, digital and electricity networks to enable innovations such as vehicle-to-grid services, and include smart features such as the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTM) upfront. That would enable for instance high-speed train connections to become a real alternative to aviation for short and medium distance passenger travel within the EU.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1254,FRA,France,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The improvements in energy efficiency and decarbonisation will concern all modes of transport. The scenario notably envisages a progressive development of biofuels in aviation to reach 50% by 21 Where appropriate by comparison with the “course of time” scenarios. National low carbon strategy - March 2020 19/1762050. Sea and river transport will be entirely carbon-free for domestic emissions by 2050 and 50% decarbonised for the international bunkers. The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised.","{'text': 'public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised.', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1255,FRA,France,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised. Passenger traffic in passenger-km for all modes together will rise by 26% between 2015 and 2050 but at a more moderate rate than in the business-as-usual scenario, notably because of the increase in teleworking and a limitation of urban sprawl. The modal share of cycling will be multiplied by 4 after 2030. Public transport will develop significantly with a progression in its modal share of 7 points, this will also apply to shared transport and car-sharing.","{'text': 'public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised.', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1256,HUN,Hungary,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf,"Sector Innovative technologies and solutions Energy renewable energy: bioenergy, geothermic energy (mainly for heat generation) waste to energy decarbonized hydrogen and synthetic fuel nuclear energy innovation innovative and clean power plant technologies digitalization technologies and solutions / smart grid, smart measurement and demand side response (DSR), digital power plant and network operation energy storage technologies (seasonal energy storage, P2G solutions) efficient and green district heating systems fuel cell solutions allowing hydrogen and natural gas blending CCUS energy efficiency Water management technologies for efficient water supply modern water resource management technologies smart water supply systems digitalization, monitoring systems artificial intelligence bio-, nano- and photo technology precision irrigation systems efficient water cleaning technologies Waste management Focused on establishing a circular economy: introduction of innovative production processes that apply less material and mainly use recycled raw material in order to avoid waste innovative methods for waste collection and transport (e.g. electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g.","{'text': 'innovative pavement technologies', 'answer_start': 291}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1257,HUN,Hungary,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf,"electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g. electrochromic glass, thermochromic glass) innovative (also clean and efficient) heating and cooling solutions (e.g.","{'text': 'innovative pavement technologies', 'answer_start': 144}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1258,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"64Co-modality – combining of one or several modes of transport in order to use resources in an optimum and sustainable manner.Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 43 been created, introducing green infrastructure solutions in urban environment. Mainly railway is used in intercity carriage because it uses less energy per passenger-kilometre than road transport. The public transport is conveniently linked to the international transport (connections with airports and ports). The sharing culture has been developed, allowing to use vehicles individually or jointly for a specific fee. • Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage The link-up of road transport with the rail and port infrastructures has reduced the fuel consumption and GHG emissions from road transport.","{'text': 'Mainly railway is used in intercity carriage because it uses less energy per passenger-kilometre than road transport.', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1259,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"The use of multi- modal carriage65 allows to choose the most optimal and environmentally friendly mode of transport in individual distances. • Road infrastructure corresponds to the latest transport trends, integrating intelligent transport systems A unified and modern road network is ensured, allowing for safe and fast movement in the territory of Latvia and equipped with such charging/filling infrastructure of vehicles which has been integrated into the European transport system and conveniently allows continuation of the travel outside the country. The use of intelligent transport systems both in the infrastructure and vehicles themselves allows for the reduction of GHG emissions, concurrently improving traffic safety. The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information.","{'text': 'A unified and modern road network is ensured, allowing for safe and fast movement in the territory of Latvia', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1260,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information. • The development of the road network is planned in a sustainable manner, taking into consideration the transport development trends, inter alia conforming to the safety of less protected road traffic participants and reducing the impact of road building on the environment and climate The road infrastructure is planned so that inhabitants can conveniently and safely arrive at their final destination using public transport, shared transport, bicycle, or on foot. Safety of less protected traffic participants is ensured, as well as attention is paid to reduction of the impact of road building on the environment and climate, including by introducing green infrastructure solutions.","{'text': 'The road infrastructure is planned so that inhabitants can conveniently and safely arrive at their final destination using public transport, shared transport, bicycle, or on foot. Safety of less protected traffic participants is ensured, as well as attention is paid to reduction of the impact of road building on the environment and climate, including by introducing green infrastructure solutions.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1261,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Local governments plan and implement such spatial planning measures which promote the creation of comprehensively organised and complex urban surroundings Local governments, upon developing and reviewing the spatial planning which includes both the determination of the functional zoning and the development of the conditions for the use and building of the territory, integrate complex solutions therein for the availability of services in conformity with the technological development and changes in habits of inhabitants, promoting that more extensive range of the goods and services necessary in everyday life is offered in the vicinity of cities, thus reducing the distance covered due to movement of transactions. • Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary.","{'text': 'Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1262,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.","{'text': 'Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1263,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"A relever que, depuis le 1er mars 2020, les transports publics (train, tram, bus) sont gratuits sur tout le territoire du Luxembourg. De vastes programmes d’investissement dans le transport ferroviaire, dépassant les 4,5 milliards d’euros et comptant en termes relatifs parmi les plus ambitieux en Europe, sont en cours d’exécution. 4 milliards d’euros engagés pour la période de 2013 à 2025 sont investis dans l’extension et la modernisation des infrastructures (nouvelles lignes, voies supplémentaires, quais additionnels, etc.) et l’achat de matériel roulant, augmentant ainsi la capacité du réseau ferroviaire. Ce programme contribue également au financement de projets d’infrastructures ou d’exploitation sur les territoires limitrophes pour améliorer la mobilité transfrontalière en faveur des nombreux travailleurs frontaliers.","{'text': '4 milliards d’euros engagés pour la période de 2013 à 2025 sont investis dans l’extension et la modernisation des infrastructures (nouvelles lignes, voies supplémentaires, quais additionnels, etc.) et l’achat de matériel roulant, augmentant ainsi la capacité du réseau ferroviaire.', 'answer_start': 50}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1264,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement.","{'text': 'Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux', 'answer_start': 55}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1265,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales.","{'text': 'Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux', 'answer_start': 20}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1266,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales. La stratégie de déploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour être attractifs, les transports en commun doivent être confortables et sûrs. Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret. Pour les performances des équipements, la priorité de court terme est celle de l’amélioration des performances des véhicules mis sur le marché par la réglementation. Mais à moyen terme, il convient d’élaborer une stratégie d’électrification de tous les types de véhicules : scooters, automobiles, véhicules utilitaires légers, bus.","{'text': 'Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret', 'answer_start': 55}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1267,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"To make EVs more accessible and promote their adoption, Singapore will expand the public charging infrastructure for EVs. The Government will work with the private sector to improve charging provisions in public and private carparks. By 2030, we aim to have up to 28,000 chargers in public carparks island-wide, from around 1,600 today. These efforts are expected to make a significant difference. Technological advancements on EV charging and the availability of attractive, cost- effective EV models in the market will also be important factors that will influence how quickly we can achieve these goals. Greener transport infrastructure We are also enhancing our existing transport infrastructure and building new transport facilities that are more energy-efficient and sustainable.","{'text': 'Greener transport infrastructure We are also enhancing our existing transport infrastructure and building new transport facilities that are more energy-efficient and sustainable.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1268,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Greener transport infrastructure We are also enhancing our existing transport infrastructure and building new transport facilities that are more energy-efficient and sustainable. A greener commute Canberra Station, which is the newest Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station in Singapore, opened for service in November 2019. In addition to covered linkways and bicycle parking lots to facilitate convenient first-and-last mile journeys to and from the station, Canberra Station has many green features such as energy-efficient air-conditioning, LED lighting systems and green roofs. With its extensive use of environmentally friendly building materials, products and services, Canberra Station became the first MRT station to receive the Green Mark Platinum certification under the Green Mark scheme for transit stations.","{'text': 'Greener transport infrastructure We are also enhancing our existing transport infrastructure and building new transport facilities that are more energy-efficient and sustainable.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1269,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1270,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1271,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce low-emission zones in municipalities, including charging for entry into these zones and traffic calming in settlements (the introduction of functional 30 zones and cycling streets, including transport-technical facilities). Increase the use of alternative fuels but ensure that there is no increase in imports of crops with a high risk of indirect land use change (ILUC). Take greenhouse gas emissions from the whole fuel life cycle into account when adopting measures to promote individual fuels in order to achieve low-emission transport solutions. Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars.","{'text': 'Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars.', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1272,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars. Set up financial support mechanisms from the EU and Slovakia so that they can finance as many decarbonisation measures in the transport sector as possible, including reducing the administrative burden when submitting projects. Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.).","{'text': 'Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1273,ESP,Spain,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ Las medidas de eficiencia energética y cambios en los modelos y necesidades de movilidad. Se continuará fomentando el cambio modal de los medios de transporte individuales más contaminantes y consumidores de energía hacia los colectivos, otros individuales más respetuosos, como la bicicleta o los vehículos eléctricos, y la movilidad a pie. ▶ La electrificación continuará siendo una tecnología clave en el sector por carretera para vehículos ligeros. ▶ Los combustibles renovables serán especialmente importantes para el transporte pesado de mercancías por carretera, la aviación y la navegación. ▶ Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidrógeno renovable, importante vector energético para contribuir a la descarbonización.","{'text': 'Las medidas de eficiencia energética y cambios en los modelos y necesidades de movilidad. Se continuará fomentando el cambio modal de los medios de transporte individuales más contaminantes y consumidores de energía hacia los colectivos, otros individuales más respetuosos, como la bicicleta o los vehículos eléctricos, y la movilidad a pie.', 'answer_start': 1}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1274,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)","{'text': 'Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1275,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1276,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1277,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1278,THA,Thailand,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"In addition, bio-energy with CCS (BECCS) power plant is needed to achieve the 2-degree target in 2050. • Transport sector: The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes, road surface improvement and engine performance improvement. Currently, the proportion of new efficient vehicle fleets is increasing, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. Under Thailand’s LEDS, the transport sector needs to increase the energy efficiency to 68% of total final energy consumption in 2050. Though the share of energy efficiency improvement decreases, the energy consumption in the efficient vehicle increases. Liquid biofuels have been promoted as clean alternative fuels in the transport sector.","{'text': 'road surface improvement', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1279,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1280,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.) Industry Achieve 10% Energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector through measures according to the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan (EECMP) Agriculture Implementation of 5925 Nos.","{'text': 'Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1281,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.","{'text': 'Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway', 'answer_start': 138}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1282,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.","{'text': 'Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1283,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovoltaïques à vocation régionale d’une puissance cumulée de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une première phase (Kaya 1 et Koupéla 2). Projet de déploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des ménages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d’une centrale thermique à biomasse- déchets de 10 MW à Ouagadougou.v Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui à la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante "" Mise en place d un système de renouvellement pérenne du parc"". Projet de réalisation de l’interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.","{'text': 'Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya.', 'answer_start': 107}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1284,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.","{'text': 'Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1285,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).","{'text': 'Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1286,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Lack of experts and staffs need to be trained. 31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.","{'text': 'Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1287,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2.","{'text': 'Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1288,DEU,Germany,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"New technological developments in bus and rail trans- port and further integration of transport services will continue to be funded. Rail transport The German government is developing a concept for rail transport 2030/2050 to ensure that the potential for shifting road traffic onto the railways is fully ex- ploited. In this context, the possibility of introducing network-wide coordination of connections between mainline and local rail passenger transport will be considered. The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).","{'text': 'The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1289,DEU,Germany,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals). Cycling and walking The German government intends to continue to up- date the National Cycle Paths Plan (NRVP) beyond 2020 and in this context support local authorities by creating an appropriate regulatory framework and financial funding for specific activities to boost cycling as a means of transport. Within the possibilities pro- vided for by the law, government and non-government actors involved in promoting cycling as a means of transport will receive continued support, for example by implementing integrated model projects to trial in- novative measures.","{'text': 'The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1290,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will also create an environment in which human resources and suppliers are trained based on collaboration between companies and between the industry and academia. b. Road and traffic systems The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera. The Government will also pursue the possibility of CO2 emissions reduction through the promotion of area-wide measures including price based measures for adjusting traffic demand by utilizing the ICT and AI at tourist spots.","{'text': 'The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1291,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Mainstream climate change into existing transport management plan to strengthen emission control. 2. Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services; developing technical and safety standards and the enforcement of policies including emission control. 3. Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services. 4. Develop emission reduction and tracking system of pollutants from vehicles. 5. Blend up to 5% of palm oil biodiesel with both gasoline and diesel by 2030 for vehicles.II. ADAPTATION Impacts and Vulnerability Vulnerability and adaptation assessments conducted have revealed that Liberia is faced with climate change and variability leading to extreme events, which have negative impact on agriculture, forestry, health, energy and other sectors. Climate change impacts are marked by irregular patterns of rainfall, flooding, high temperature, and coastal erosion.","{'text': 'Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1292,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.","{'text': 'Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1293,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Old diesel locomotive engines continue to be used, with diesel consumptions around 900,000 gallons a month. Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country. Current upgrades will use electric-diesel hybrid locomotives which are 50% more efficient than existing locomotives, and so use less fossil fuel. The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector.","{'text': 'High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1294,NLD,Netherlands,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Netherlands.pdf,"Furthermore, industry will contribute to the transition of other parties, such as by introducing a buffer in the energy system, providing heating for the built environment and producing sustainable fuels. The government will also investigate how (including by way of carbon accounting) the supply chain impact of circular measures, such as recycling and the use of biobased and other raw materials, can be identified and how this can be integrated into policy. Mobility The mobility measures will contribute to bringing about the fundamental but necessary change to the ways of transporting persons and goods. Efforts will concentrate on reducing car use by making alternative modes of transport more attractive. Another point for attention is to increase the availability of emission-free energy sources.","{'text': 'Efforts will concentrate on reducing car use by making alternative modes of transport more attractive.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1295,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"We are looking to amend current legislation (the Road User Charges Act 2012) to expand the duration of the exemption and bring in differential charging based on fuel or emissions ► decarbonising public transport to reduce emissions and improve air quality in towns and cities. We have committed to requiring only zero-emissions public transport buses to be purchased by 2025, and to a target of decarbonising the public transport bus fleet by 2035 ► the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy► coastal shipping investment, which allocates $30–45 million from the National Land Transport Fund to identify opportunities for coastal shipping and promote a shift to this lower- emissions mode ► acceding to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).","{'text': 'the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1296,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"We have committed to requiring only zero-emissions public transport buses to be purchased by 2025, and to a target of decarbonising the public transport bus fleet by 2035 ► the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy► coastal shipping investment, which allocates $30–45 million from the National Land Transport Fund to identify opportunities for coastal shipping and promote a shift to this lower- emissions mode ► acceding to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Aotearoa will ratify this in 2022 and apply new measures to reduce ship emissions.","{'text': 'the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1297,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"We will also take opportunities to improve the wellbeing of New Zealanders. Actions include: ► reducing reliance on cars and supporting people to walk, cycle and use public transport ► rapidly adopting EVs (and low-emission fuels) ► decarbonising heavy transport and freight. Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 47CONTRIBUTION TO OUR LONG-TERM VISION Aotearoa has a highly renewable, net-zero emissions energy system. Energy is accessible and affordable and supports the wellbeing of all New Zealanders. Energy supply is secure, resilient and reliable. Energy systems support economic development and productivity growth that align with the transition to a low-emissions future. State of play The energy and industry sectors are essential for the economy and the lives of New Zealanders. They provide electricity to light and heat homes and workplaces, and the heat that powers manufacturing and industry.","{'text': 'reducing reliance on cars and supporting people to walk, cycle and use public transport', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1298,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Upgrading roads', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1299,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It is targeted at reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030, whereas the projected rise in emissions is projected at over 25times of that value. This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs).","{'text': 'improve road construction and maintenance', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1300,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.","{'text': 'improve road construction and maintenance', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1301,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).","{'text': 'invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations”', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1302,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Some of these have already been received and put into use • Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.)","{'text': 'invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations”', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1303,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Elles permettront : - Une amélioration globale et durable des conditions de déplacement des populations ; - Une meilleure contribution du sous-secteur à la croissance et à la productivité de l économie nationale ; - Une baisse sensible de la pollution et de l impact négatif de celle-ci sur la croissance économique ; - Une diversification des modes de transport avec le recours au transport ferroviaire et maritime. Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE.","{'text': 'Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)', 'answer_start': 74}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1304,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE. Le gouvernement a réalisé d’énormes efforts qui ont abouti à : (1) la réorganisation du secteur, à travers l’élaboration de texte règlementaires adéquats, (2) la mise en œuvre du Programme National de Gestion des Déchets solides, (3) la réalisation d’infrastructures de gestion des déchets solides et liquides, et (4) l’adoption d’un programme de sensibilisation, de formation et de renforcement de capacité.","{'text': 'Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)', 'answer_start': 6}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1305,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Sustainable management of water sheds and fresh water resources for human ecological benefits Enforcement of by-laws for land use management and water sheds (Local authorities and police) Established Watershed and fresh water committee that are gender sensitive for responsible and sustainable water management Review and update of National Laws towards Water Sheds Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Capacity building and sensitization of communities to waste segregation (Door to door campaign) Building the Capacity of community Youth to transform waste into wealth Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials. Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy.","{'text': 'Improvement of the water transport system', 'answer_start': 137}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1306,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy. Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks Introduce E-mobility programme and plans to promote the use of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motor tricycles, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. Develop strategy on the age limit of vehicles imported into Sierra Leone Adoption and application of climate- smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Goal: to Increase agricultural productivity and reduce deforestation improvement in Agricultural practices Objective 2: Using the wet and low land for crop production to reduce deforestation.","{'text': 'Improvement of the water transport system', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1307,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.","{'text': 'and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1308,SGP,Singapore,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore's%20Update%20of%201st%20NDC.pdf,"For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.","{'text': 'and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1309,SOM,Somalia,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Updated%20NDC%20for%20Somalia%202021.pdf,"Forestry Sector • Afforestation and Reforestation of Degraded Forests including mangroves restoration • Promote programmes aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation including through REDD+ readiness activities and implementing charcoal policy 4. Transport Sector • Improvement of road conditions through investments in road infrastructure • Improved vehicle stock efficiency including for the three wheeled Tuk-tuks 5 Waste Sector • Development of 2 sanitary land fills4.1.1 Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding The table below provides further details about the country’s mitigation contributions as guided by UNFCCC decisions: Key issue Information on the Somalia to provide clarity, transparency and understanding Base Year and Implementation Period The base year for Somalia NDC is 2015, and the timeframe for implementing mitigation and adaptation actions is 2021 to 2030. Mitigation target Somalia committed to reduce and avoid its emissions 30% by 2030 compared to BAU scenario (107.40MtCO2 eq in 2030).","{'text': 'Improvement of road conditions through investments in road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1310,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Transport: ● Resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;● Increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); ● Adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; ● Access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues; ● Switch to cleaner and environmentally friendly fuels for vehicles. Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.)","{'text': 'Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides;', 'answer_start': 134}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1311,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.","{'text': 'Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides;', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1312,TON,Tonga,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Principles: This action is highly aligned to Education and well aligned to Environment, Inclusivity, Culture and Traditional Knowledge. Link to Second NDC: This action supports the NDC target of a 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs. Links to other mitigation sectors: Waste for disposal of old and inefficient vehicles including setting up of a central facility for vehicle disposal. TRANSPORT Strengthening road maintenance—Tanu Hala. GHG emission reduction potential: Low. Description: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.","{'text': 'This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1313,TON,Tonga,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing. This will reduce travel costs, including movement of agricultural produce to markets, and support introduction of newer vehicles, e-vehicles, as well as cycling and walking where road resurfacing can be combined with introduction of dedicated cycle paths and pavements. To implement this action, standards (tanu Hala) with regular reporting and greater transparency will be introduced, and weight limits for trucks will be put in place. A road asset management system will be implemented to support this action. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Infrastructure - road repairs and resurfacing will be needed as well as road maintenance trucks.","{'text': 'This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1314,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"There are many opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation while also saving money for households, improving environmental quality and health in communities, and providing more choices for moving people and goods. Policies that can contribute to emissions reduction pathways consistent with the NDC include: tailpipe emissions and efficiency standards; incentives for zero emission personal vehicles; funding for charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; and research, development, demonstration, and deployment efforts to support advances in very low carbon new-generation renewable fuels for applications like aviation, and other cutting-edge transportation technologies across modes. Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1315,USA,United States of America,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf,"Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled. While the emissions pathways analyzed focus on domestic emissions reduction, the United States is also exploring ways to support decarbonization of international maritime and aviation energy use through domestic action as well as through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). • Buildings: Building sector emissions come from electricity use, as well as fossil fuels burned on site for heating air and water and for cooking. There are many options to avoid these emissions while reducing energy cost burden for families and improving health and resilience in communities.","{'text': 'Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1316,SYR,Syrian Arab Republic,Updated NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/FirstNDC-Eng-Syrian%20Arab%20Republic.pdf,"The transport strategy to mitigate emissions includes the following plans and projects: - Updating and activating the technical inspection procedures in order to comply with the permitted percentages of the gas emission by the car exhausts, and rehabilitating the technical inspection lanes in the transport directorates, especially the modern and advanced equipment needed, such as exhaust gases. - Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation, as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation. - Improving the quality of fuel used in transportation ,as well as the use of green fuel and blue gasoline.","{'text': 'as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1317,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1318,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1319,CAN,Canada,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20-%20Canada%20-%20English.pdf,"These regulations will also lead to the phase-out of existing coal-fired electricity units without carbon capture and storage; • renewable fuels regulations require that gasoline contain an average 5% renewable fuel content and that most diesel fuel contain an average 2% content. The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors.","{'text': 'The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1320,CAN,Canada,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20-%20Canada%20-%20English.pdf,"The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors. The federal government is currently developing additional regulatory measures that will: • establish more stringent standards in the transportation sector for heavy-duty vehicles of post-2018 model years; • gradually phase down HFCs, which will limit potent GHG emissions that are expected to increase substantially in the next 10 to 15 years; • reduce GHG emissions from natural gas-fired electricity, as well as from chemicals and nitrogen fertilizers; • reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector. Canada’s regulatory approach is aligned with that of the United States, where appropriate, recognizing the importance of cooperative action in an integrated North American marketplace.","{'text': 'The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1321,CRI,Costa Rica,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Costa%20Rica%20Version%202%200%20final%20ENG.pdf,"Public Transportation needs to improve its fleet composition as well as its working design. This can be accomplished through an Integrated Public Transportation system where routes are improved, train service strengthened, and availability of non-motorized transportation enhanced, etc. Costa Rica has made the intercity electric train a priority, which will provide a significant contribution to the country’s emission mitigation goals, creating new employment and low emissions mobility. It is necessary to improve the freight sector through multi-modal options. This will require an ambitious investment portfolio in sustainable transportation over the coming decades. The Costa Rican Agricultural sector is the second highest sector in compound emissions due to its Nitrous Oxide and Methane production.","{'text': 'Costa Rica has made the intercity electric train a priority, which will provide a significant contribution to the country’s emission mitigation goals, creating new employment and low emissions mobility.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1322,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.","{'text': 'Upgrading and modernization of rail services', 'answer_start': 177}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1323,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).","{'text': 'Upgrading and modernization of rail services', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1324,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.","{'text': 'Upgrading and modernization of rail services', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1325,BEN,Benin,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/benin_long-term_strategy.pdf,"Ce secteur énergétique est placé sous la responsabilité du Ministère de l’Énergie de l Eau et des Mines assure la tutelle technique du secteur, définit la politique énergétique du pays, coordonne et assure le suivi de l ensemble des activités du secteur. Dans la perspective de résoudre les différents problèmes posés dans le secteur, plusieurs documents de stratégie ont été élaborés. Les options stratégiques de développement retenues dans le Plan de développement stratégique du secteur de l’énergie sont les suivants : - L’accroissement des capacités de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l’énergie électrique et la promotion de l’électrification rurale ; et - Le développement du sous-secteur des énergies renouvelables ainsi que celui des biocarburants.","{'text': 'L’accroissement des capacités de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l’énergie électrique et la promotion de l’électrification rurale ;', 'answer_start': 82}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1326,BEN,Benin,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/benin_long-term_strategy.pdf,"Les options stratégiques de développement retenues dans le Plan de développement stratégique du secteur de l’énergie sont les suivants : - L’accroissement des capacités de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l’énergie électrique et la promotion de l’électrification rurale ; et - Le développement du sous-secteur des énergies renouvelables ainsi que celui des biocarburants. L’examen des perspectives prévues dans le Plan de développement stratégique du secteur de l’énergie montre que le mix électrique en 2025 comportera pour une demande de 724 MW: 24 % d’hydroélectricité ; 34% de production thermique, 15% de biomasse, 0,23% de solaire, 4% d’éolienne et 23% d’importations. 3.2.2.","{'text': 'L’accroissement des capacités de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l’énergie électrique et la promotion de l’électrification rurale ;', 'answer_start': 21}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1327,MEX,Mexico,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) are implemented in various economic sectors. carbon sinks. Sustainable forest management stops deforestation Sustainable management practices in extractive, agricultural and livestock and forestry sectors increase productivity, reduce vulnerability and conserves land. are climate resilient. Private sector The climate concern is considered in production planning Industry reports GHG emissions in the National Emissions Registry. Companies reduce their gas and compound emissions, and take advantage of opportunities in energy efficiency, power saving, and use of clean and renewable energy. Companies adopt advance waste- management practices Production and sustainable consumption schemes are implemented. Companies have sustainable production cycles. Mobility Both public and private sectors adopt sustainable mobility systems. Socioeconomic schemes encourage the use of sustainable transportation. Common use of electric vehicles in public transportation. Freight transportation is multimodal, efficient and low emissions Cargo transportation is multimodal, efficient, and low- emission.","{'text': 'Both public and private sectors adopt sustainable mobility systems.', 'answer_start': 101}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1328,MEX,Mexico,LTS,S_Infraimprove,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Freight transportation is multimodal, efficient and low emissions Cargo transportation is multimodal, efficient, and low- emission. Common use of trains and electric vehicles Table 1 Milestones of the Strategy for the next 10, 20 and 40 years Source: (SEMARNAT, 2013a)Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Cross-cutting policies Inter-institutional collaboration Climate change is identified as a crosscutting challenge because of the variety of stakeholders from the public and private sectors that interact, make decisions, and ultimately drive climate change mitigation and adaptation in the country. The country envisioned by the Strategy considers that society sectors such as non-governmental organizations or interest-based groups, together with private sector and the institutions and organizations from three levels of government play a role. Thus, the fight against climate change implies and requires dialogue, information generation and dissemination, and decision-making.","{'text': 'Common use of trains and electric vehicles', 'answer_start': 16}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
1329,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"5 As discussed in IMF (2016) “Small States’ Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change – Role for the IMF” advanced market economies (as assessed in the World Economic Outlook) or high-income oil exporting countries (as defined by the World Bank)Belize’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution Table 1. GHG emissions in the historical period (Gg CO2-eq) Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) 31.43 42.50 43.69 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) -7,771.37 -6,104.27 -6,683.66 Source: National Climate Change Office (2020) Belize’s First Biennial Update Report Due to significant carbon storage in the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) sector, the entire country of Belize is a sink of GHG emissions.","{'text': '71', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1330,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"GHG emissions in the historical period (Gg CO2-eq) Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) 31.43 42.50 43.69 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) -7,771.37 -6,104.27 -6,683.66 Source: National Climate Change Office (2020) Belize’s First Biennial Update Report Due to significant carbon storage in the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) sector, the entire country of Belize is a sink of GHG emissions. The main driver of emissions in the FOLU sector is the conversion of forest land to grasslands and croplands, though carbon dioxide removals from forest growth are substantially higher than emissions from land-use change. Reduced emissions from stemming deforestation and forest degradation have been preliminarily identified as significant mitigation opportunities in the sector.","{'text': '71', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1331,BLZ,Belize,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf,"Its topography as low-lying coastal nation and geographical location makes theBelize’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution country exposed to the risk of rising sea levels and increasing frequency of tropical storms. This makes Belize a priority to receive financing support for realizing its climate actions across different sectors in their NDC. The costs of the actions included above are estimated at USD$ 1.71 billion, including between USD$ 607 million and 1.38 billion in required resources. In addition to these delivery costs, an additional USD$ 6.6 million is expected in feasibility costs,24 which reflects the broader capacity requirements to facilitate delivery of these actions. Some of this feasibility cost may be delivered through in-kind contributions, including staff time across the Belizean government.","{'text': '71', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1332,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Building early warning systems that enable early action to reduce impacts of climate hazards on health and wellbeing • Ensuring that climate-related vulnerability assessments and actions take into account sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence risks and protective measures and are informed by disaggregated population data. • Ensuring that adaptation measures anticipate and meet the health and gender needs of those impacted, displaced and at risk of climate crises, including through humanitarian response and strengthening assistance/social protection programmes for women and vulnerable groups who have lost their livelihoods to climate-related disasters 7.3 Cost of implementation Mitigation Sectors Main action Cost / million USD Energy Energy Strategy 191.7 37.4MW solar PV for meeting demand of electric vehicles 70.48 30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030 66.70 Actions in RAC sector 0.80 Transport Develop electrical charging stations infrastructure $0.7236 Waste management Gas management and rehabilitation works $1.137 The costs for the implementation of key climate change adaptation actions are based on a mixture of costs derived from national sectoral strategies that have actions that contribute to addressing climate change impacts, as well as costs from on-going initiatives, and costs from projects with similar objectives funded by the Green Climate Funds.","{'text': '0.72', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1333,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Ensuring that adaptation measures anticipate and meet the health and gender needs of those impacted, displaced and at risk of climate crises, including through humanitarian response and strengthening assistance/social protection programmes for women and vulnerable groups who have lost their livelihoods to climate-related disasters 7.3 Cost of implementation Mitigation Sectors Main action Cost / million USD Energy Energy Strategy 191.7 37.4MW solar PV for meeting demand of electric vehicles 70.48 30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030 66.70 Actions in RAC sector 0.80 Transport Develop electrical charging stations infrastructure $0.7236 Waste management Gas management and rehabilitation works $1.137 The costs for the implementation of key climate change adaptation actions are based on a mixture of costs derived from national sectoral strategies that have actions that contribute to addressing climate change impacts, as well as costs from on-going initiatives, and costs from projects with similar objectives funded by the Green Climate Funds. These estimated and indicative costs will be further outlined during the investment planning phase planned as a next step from the NDC.","{'text': '0.72', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1334,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"Adaptation Sectors National Strategies Cost / million USD infrastructure Mainstreaming climate change adaptation $2.838 Planning for new development, improvement to building codes, and their enforcement 36 Four stations Victoria, North, Anse Royale, West with two outlets each @$20,000 per outlet (120Kw) with 15% shipping, training and installation charges ($0.19m) + civil works at Rs 1.5 million per location ($0.43m) +20 solar panel each (0.1). 37 From Carl Bro 2005; Feasibility for construction of Providence II Sanitary landfill (Euro 0.9 m closure cost) 38 Based on Adaptation Readiness proposal submitted to GCF in May 2021 39 Approved GCF project Resilience to hurricanes in the building sector in Antigua and Barbuda(including water security) Develop and implement Transport/NMTS Strategy + risk assessments Climate risk proofing of port facilities $65.241 Ensuring climate resilient water supplies $60.842 Management and Tourism Coastal Risk Mapping and Monitoring $1943 Reduce vulnerability to flooding and landslide $44.144 Strengthen early warning systems and build capacity in coastal areas Adopting a ridge to reef approach $3.8946 3.","{'text': '65.2', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1335,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,37 From Carl Bro 2005; Feasibility for construction of Providence II Sanitary landfill (Euro 0.9 m closure cost) 38 Based on Adaptation Readiness proposal submitted to GCF in May 2021 39 Approved GCF project Resilience to hurricanes in the building sector in Antigua and Barbuda(including water security) Develop and implement Transport/NMTS Strategy + risk assessments Climate risk proofing of port facilities $65.241 Ensuring climate resilient water supplies $60.842 Management and Tourism Coastal Risk Mapping and Monitoring $1943 Reduce vulnerability to flooding and landslide $44.144 Strengthen early warning systems and build capacity in coastal areas Adopting a ridge to reef approach $3.8946 3. Agriculture and Biosecurity Protection and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Land and Water Provision of Biosecurity Services $0.8748 Food Security and Improved Nutrition $5.649 Ensuring Climate Resilient Food Security $9.450 Conservation Applying Ecosystems-Based Adaptation in Seychelles $6.551 Restoring Marine Ecosystem Services by Rehabilitating Coral Reefs Wetlands and Dunes Restoration $6.653 5.,"{'text': '65.2', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1336,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment. Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro!","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 567}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1337,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador não definido.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 330}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1338,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador não definido. Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 330}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1339,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2. Outline of this document 12 2. Current National Context . 14 2.2. Geographical Characteristics 15 2.3. Climate Profile . 16 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables . 16 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts 18 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics . 19 2.5. Socioeconomic Characteristics . 21 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Primary sector 24 2.5.2. Characteristics of the Secondary Sector . 26 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Tertiary Sector . 26 3. NDC Revision Process . 31 3.1. Justification & Time Frame of this NDC 31 3.2. Scope and coverage 31 3.3. Revision process and NDC Enhancement 31 3.4. Institutional arrangements . 32 4.1.1. Source of information 35 4.1.2. Scope and Coverage . 36 4.2.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1340,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Scope and Coverage . 36 4.2. Reference point: National GHG Inventory . 38 4.2.2. GHG Emissions by sector . 42 4.3. Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario 44 4.4. Mitigation Contribution 45Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Unconditional contributions 46 Conditional contributions 48 5.1.1. Source of information 51 5.1.1. Scope and Coverage . 52 5.2. Adaptation Contribution . 56 Unconditional contributions 57 Conditional contributions 58 6. Means of Implementation . 61 6.1. Barriers to the implementation of NDC . 61 6.2. Institutional arrangements required for effective NDC implementation 62 6.2.1. Coordination for NDC implementation . 62 6.2.2. Responsibilities and Strategic Partnerships required . 65 6.3. Capacity building and technology transfer required . 66 6.4. Financial requirements . 67 6.5. Funding options . 68 6.5.1. National Framework for Climate Finance . 68 6.5.1. Carbon Markets 72 6.6.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1341,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"National Framework for Climate Finance . 68 6.5.1. Carbon Markets 72 6.6. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system . 73 7. Fairness and ambition 78 8. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1342,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1343,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1344,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"A “conditional contribution” is one that Angola would undertake if international means of support are provided, or other conditions are met. The Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario considered for this NDC was developed using 2015 as the base year and provides projections for up to 2025. Angola plans to reduce GHG emissions up to 14% by 2025 as compared to the base year (unconditionally). The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1345,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025. The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1346,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Due to the global pandemic COVID-19 the bilateral meetings were developed through virtual platform.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future [45]. The Paris Agreement guides developed and developing countries to made individual commitments to transition toward a climate-resilient and low- emissions future. Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1347,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3). All Parties agreed to either communicate their current NDCs or submit new or updated NDCs by 2020, and to do so every five years thereafter. Each successive NDC is expected to represent a progression beyond the current NDC (Article 4) and reflect the Party’s highest possible ambition. This upward spiral of ambition underpins the achievement of the goals agreed to in Paris. The first Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC) of Angola was submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1348,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Outline of this document This document describes Angola’s update of its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for mitigation and adaptation for the period 2020-2025. It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1349,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2. CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1350,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation. Concerned with making its contribution to the protection of communities and the rational management of its most varied natural resources, counting on future generations, the Republic of Angola has, in recent decades, become a signatory to several international environmental conventions with the signature of their respective protocols.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1351,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"To address these issues, Angola has developed several national plans and strategies, including the National Strategy for Afforestation and Reforestation (2010), Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management (2011) and Program of Action National Plan to Combat Desertification (2014). In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1352,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors. The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1353,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city. Its largest province by area is Cuando Cubango located in the south-east at 204,000 km² followed closely by its northern neighbor Moxico at 201,000 km². Cabinda is an exclave that is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory that belongs to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1354,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3. Climate Profile Due to its geographical position, the Angolan territory presents an important climatic diversity, resulting from the combination of several factors such as its size, both in the north-south axis and in the coast-inland axis, the diversity of its topography and the effects of the Oceanic Current of Benguela (cold water). In this way, Angola has three major climatic zones. To the north the climate is characterized as hot and humid tropical and as we walk south, the climate becomes drier until it reaches a desert climate in the south-west, on the border with Namibia. The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1355,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate. There are two different seasons, a hot and humid season, in which rainfall is greater and another cooler and drier. In general, rainfall is higher in the north and inland, increasing with altitude. The Benguela current makes the coastal regions of Angola arid or semi-arid. 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined four different scenarios, called Representative Concentration Pathways (CPR), which differ in their ability to dissipate heat, ranging from the optimistic (2.6) to the pessimistic (8.5) scenario, through the intermediate scenarios 4.5 and 6.0. The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1356,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8]. Considering RCP4.5 scenario, future projections for Angola indicate an increase in the average annual temperature of 1.2 to 3.2ºC in 2060, with warmer and less cold days and nights, a generalized warming of surface waters on the northern and southern frontiers of the large marine ecosystem of the Benguela current, a variation in annual precipitation between -27% and + 20% in 2090, a greater probability of extreme events, such as heat waves, droughts and intense rains. The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1357,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%. Already incorporating an increase in the global average temperature between 1.5 ° C and 2.0 ° C, the increase in sea level would be between 0.35m and 0.93m for the same confidence interval. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Wind direction No drastic changes expected. Local phenomena produced by urban corridors may have a specific impact, more linked to the effects of urbanization than global warming. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Direction of sea currents No drastic changes planned in terms of direction. Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1358,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater. When seawater absorbs carbon dioxide its acidity is increased. Increase 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts Angola s vulnerability to climate change has been felt over time, with frequent episodes of extreme weather phenomena such as drought or floods, as well as coastal degradation and marked temperature variability in some areas of the country [19], with a special focus on the coast where most of the country s population is concentrated. Policy makers and other relevant stakeholders are increasingly aware of the tendency for them to get worse.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1359,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 170}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1360,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est. in 2020), unevenly distributed in the territory with 63% residing in urban areas and 37% in rural areas[10], and a strong concentration in the province of Luanda of around 6.9 million people. The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1361,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19]. Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1362,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3). Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1363,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030. Contributing to the population growth tendency is the declining of mortality in the country in recent years as a reflection of the increase of life expectancy at birth, decrease of juvenile mortality rates and lower VIH prevalence in pregnant women (despite existence of some provincial variation)[15]. Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] Population projections 2020-2050 (hab.) According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1364,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025. Furthermore, the age structure of the population is very young (average age of 20.6 years), with 65% of the national total population under 24 and only 2% over 65 years old [19].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Education and Literacy Angola is a multicultural and multilingual country. Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1365,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language. The six Bantu languages most widely spoken: Umbundu (23%), Kikongo (8.2%), Kimbundu (7.8%), Chokwe (6.5%), Ngangela (3.1%), Kwanyama (2.3%) [48]. In 2020, the Multidimensional Poverty Report of Angola [27] was developed, which considers 4 dimensions: i) Health; ii) Education, iii) Quality of life; iv) Employment - and sixteen indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty and are, quite important, to capture the reality of the Country. According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1366,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%). Angola has, according to UNESCO, an adult literacy rate1 of 66.03% (a 1.38% decline from 2001). While the male literacy rate is 79.97%, for females is 53.41%, showing a big gap between the sexes. In Angola, primary education is mandatory and free, which comprises 6 years of schooling (1st grade to 6th grade). Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1367,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition. The country is administratively divided into 18 provinces, each of which is headed by a governor appointed by the central government. Provinces are further divided into councils, communes, circles, neighborhoods, and villages. The government type is a multiparty democracy with an Executive Presidency composed of the following State bodies: The President of the Republic, the National Assembly, the Government and the Courts2. The actual Angolan government is composed by 21 Ministries. 2.5.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1368,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This graduation process is expected to have economic implications. Poverty reduction is one of the priority objectives of Angolan policy and the actions developed under the Poverty Reduction Strategy, the Integrated Municipal Program for Rural Development and Poverty Reduction and the National Development Plan of 2013-2017 and of 2018-2022, currently in force and under revision, allowed for a positive evolution of national indicators. According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1369,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14]. Although the country s wealth concentration indicator is evolving positively, empirical evidence suggests that inequality remains high [22]. In 2018, the GINI index3 for was 51,3%. The Government has already in place a programme to support vulnerable families.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1370,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Some of the proposed measures in the PDN 2018-2022 are the implementation of a minimum income program for the population with greater economic and social difficulties and a sustainable and fair wage policy and tax system[19]. According to the 2014 Census, 42.2% of the country’s population was employed in the primary sector, 26.2% in the tertiary sector and only 6.1% in the secondary sector. In 2018, the unemployment rate was estimated at 28% and remained predominantly high among youth in urban areas (38%)[34]. Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1371,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 a driving force of the organization of economic and social life, and not included in official numbers. Second largest oil producer in Africa, Angola also has the third largest GDP in sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria and South Africa. After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1372,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth. Angola was then severely affected by the fall in oil prices and by the fall in world demand (notably from China). In 2019, it entered its fourth year of recession, which was extended by the drop in production in mature oil fields; indeed, GDP growth contracted by -1.5% in 2019[35]. Angola is expected to remain in recession in 2020 due to the recent plunge in oil prices and the global slowdown resulting from the impact of COVID-19. Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1373,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks. Non-oil sector growth is also projected to decline due to spillover effects from lower oil prices, reduced imported capital goods, tighter financing conditions, currency depreciation, and restrictions in the movements of goods and people. The COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic disruptions caused by it put at risk Angola’s achievements of macro-economic stabilization and transition to a more sustainable and inclusive growth model [35]. Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1374,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period. Angola, characterized by its oil industry dependence, suffered the drop-in oil production since 2014 and consequent price decline of this commodity, which resulted in reduced oil exports and affected tax revenues [30]. As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1375,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017. The reduction in the price of oil and subsequent divestment in the sector over the 2015-2017 period, has strongly impacted oil production nationally causing inflation rates to rise exponentially and fiscal sector indicators to deteriorate, resulting in a contraction of economic activity, public consumption expenditure and public investment, and increasing the public deficit leading to a four year long recession [30]. Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1376,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3). In light of this scenario, in 2016 entered into force a memorandum defining the government strategy to tackle this problem and increase state revenues based mainly on four pillars [17]: 1) oil substitution as the main source of revenue, 2) short-term export promotion, 3) program of public debt payment, and 4) a new non-oil dependent economic stability cycle. Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1377,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate. Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1378,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30]. The government strategy also involves investing in infrastructure, reducing imports throughNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 economic diversification, developing skills and improving the business environment through reducing bureaucracy and easing credit access to companies [19]. Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1379,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry. Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] In the 2013-2017 period, the average growth rate of the non-oil sector of 1.2% has been threefold the 0.4% registered for the oil sector [19]. The Government is strongly committed in developing the agricultural sector in order to make the country self-sufficient in basic food supplies, thus reducing imports and increasing exports. Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30].","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1380,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30]. Recently, the Government of Angola developed the Integrated Plan for the Acceleration of Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries (PIAAPF), stating its plans to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and dependence on oil, increasing increase national production by at least 15 to 25%, as well as investments in chains of value [33]. Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1381,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector. In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1382,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Primary sector Oil, Mineral & Gas Producing more than 800,000 barrels per day, Angola is Africa s second largest oil producer, a net producer of natural gas and also the third largest producer of diamonds in the continent, surpassed only by Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1383,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Some of these resources are still unexplored in vast areas of the territory, reason why the government is implementing the National Geology Plan (PLANAGEO) to promote their exploitation and generate revenues. The diamond, metallic mineral and other mineral extraction sectors are expected to perform the best in 2019, in consequence of the entry into operation of new diamond mines and of new quarries for the production of ornamental rocks, in addition to the continued production of other gold, iron ore and concentrated iron mines [19], with a growth rate of 17.9%, followed by Energy with 10.7% and the Manufacturing Industry 3.2% [30]. Agriculture and Fisheries Agriculture Despite its potential, the agricultural sector is underdeveloped and not very productive, contributing to 9% of GDP but employs 51% of the population.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1384,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"New renewable energies have no expression and represent less than 1% of the energy consumed. Angola is currently one of the countries in the world with the highest penetration of renewable energies in the electricity sector due to the weight of its hydroelectric plants. In 2013, more than 70% of the electricity produced in the country came from water. [13] The electricity network of Angola is constituted by 3 main independent systems, based on hydrographic basins, namely, the North, Center and South Systems. The provincial headquarters not covered by these systems are supplied by Isolated Systems. The electricity access rate in Angola is 44% today and most rural areas lack access to electricity and other modern sources of energy.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1385,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The largest ports are Luanda, Lobito, Cabinda, Namibe and Soyo (Figure 5). The port of Cabinda serves the Cabinda enclave region and is heavily tied to offshore petrol operations and handling, as is Soyo. The port of Namibe is the most important fishing port in the country, while Lobito is a historical port that once served as a direct gateway to DRC Katanga region’s copper exports (using the Benguela railway) [31]. Also, there is a fluvial network made up of large rivers with several falls, rapids, and lakes, some of which are navigable over dozens of kilometers and also appropriate for bathing and water sports. Some of those rivers are the Kwanza, Zaire, Kuando and Cunene.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1386,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Services The services sector (banking, telecommunications, tourism and hospitality) is also growing rapidly, accounting for 48,7% of GDP and employing 41% of the population. Tourism is growing, although there is a severe shortage of hotels and other types of accommodation.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The construction sector is booming (9% of GDP), driven by a large reconstruction program launched by the government. Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1387,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%. 4 World Bank latest data (updated October 2020) 5 The industry sector consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water),Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 3. NDC REVISION PROCESS 3.1. Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1388,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020. Article 4.10 of the Paris Agreement calls on the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA1) to “consider common time frames” for nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The common time frame is necessary to monitor and review the effectiveness of NDC implementation as well as to aggregate the global number of emission reduction. Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1389,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2. Scope and coverage The NDC scope is fully aligned with the recent National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 (ENAC 2020-2035) and the coverage is nation-wide, and the gases covered include CO2 and N2O gases. The mitigation action of this NDC comprises 4 sectors, namely: Energy AFOLU Industry Waste The adaptation action of this NDC comprises 6 sectors, namely: Agriculture and Fisheries Coastal Zone Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Water resources Human Health Infra-structures 3.3. Revision process and NDC Enhancement The 2020 NDC reflects the feedback from stakeholders and is fully aligned with the development vision of the government. Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1390,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Discussion of additional options: What other options could be applicable in Angola? What are the key challenges? What are the policy gaps and support needs? Identifying data sources and gaps: What are the existing information sources? Where are the key data gaps required for detailed analysis? The Angolan NDC was enhanced by adding measures and actions aimed at strengthening implementation. Also, new information on the most recent National Inventory of CO2 e emissions was added to the document. 3.4. Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1391,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola. MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1392,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts. Under the (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action, MCTA has the task of formulating, conducting, executing and controlling the policy related to the environment in a perspective of protection, preservation and conservation of environmental quality, pollution control, conservation areas and enhancement of the natural heritage, as well as the preservation and rational use of natural resources.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1393,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 24% reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU scenario in 2025; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 26,5 million tCO2 e in 2025. 4.1.1. Source of information This NDC relies on relevant national and sectorial plans and strategies, namely: • National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 • National Development Plan for 2018-2022 • Angola Energia 2025 - Long-Term Vision for the Electricity Sector • Action Plan for the Energy and Water Sector 2013-2017Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 • Atlas and National Strategy for New Renewable Energies • Strategic Plan for New Environmental Technologies • Strategic Plan for Urban Waste Management in Angola (PESGRU) • National Energy Security Policy and Strategy • Long-term development strategy for Angola (Angola 2025) For the GHG inventory, the following data sources were considered: • Consolidated reports of activities in the oil and gas sector 4.1.2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1394,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Source of information This NDC relies on relevant national and sectorial plans and strategies, namely: • National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 • National Development Plan for 2018-2022 • Angola Energia 2025 - Long-Term Vision for the Electricity Sector • Action Plan for the Energy and Water Sector 2013-2017Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 • Atlas and National Strategy for New Renewable Energies • Strategic Plan for New Environmental Technologies • Strategic Plan for Urban Waste Management in Angola (PESGRU) • National Energy Security Policy and Strategy • Long-term development strategy for Angola (Angola 2025) For the GHG inventory, the following data sources were considered: • Consolidated reports of activities in the oil and gas sector 4.1.2. Scope and Coverage Within the context of this NDC, Angola prioritizes the implementation of mitigation measures in the following main sectors: Energy AFOLU Industry Waste Energy The energy sector is fundamental to the economic and social development of Angola, allowing to improve the quality and welfare standards of the population.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1395,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"From an environmental point of view, replacing the use of diesel with natural gas in industry is a measure that will contribute to the reduction of GHG 4.2. Reference point: National GHG Inventory The base year considered in this NDC is 2015, Angola’s latest GHG inventory data that was concluded in November 2020. Total greenhouse gas emissions in Angola is 99.992 ktCO2 e, which e per capita [38].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The GHG Inventory follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and emissions include CO2 O and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) values used are those determined by the IPCC for the IPCC Second Assessment Report.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1396,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Total greenhouse gas emissions in Angola is 99.992 ktCO2 e, which e per capita [38].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The GHG Inventory follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and emissions include CO2 O and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) values used are those determined by the IPCC for the IPCC Second Assessment Report. The most recent inventory considers the updated data in order to remain minimally consistent with the material of the 1st national inventory of Angola (2000 and 2005). The 1st inventory was prepared following the guidelines provided for in the IPCC Guide 1996. However, to apply the IPCC Guide 2006 it is necessary to carry out a contextualization, as the methods are substantially different.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1397,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"GHG Emissions by sector Total GHG emissions for the year 2015 accounted for 99.992 ktCO2 e. Table 9 shows an emissions breakdown – total greenhouse gases, plus carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide individually – by sector. Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector GHG emissions source (2015) e emissions Total % Agriculture & Livestock 6.544,911 7% Land Use and Land Use Change 70.360,442 70%Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tons of carbon-dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per person per year. This metric converts all greenhouse gases to CO2e based on their global warming potential value over a 100-year timescale7.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1398,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Per capita emissions were calculated using the population for the year 2015 (26.681.590 inhab). 4.3. Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario The BAU refers to a scenario that assumes that no mitigation policies or measures will be implemented further than those that are already in force and/or are legislated or planned to be adopted, i.e., the level of emissions that would take place without further policy effort. Projections were calculated using GACMO - The Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model (GACMO), developed by UNEP DTU Partnership. The BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the IPCC guidelines.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1399,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Mitigation Contribution In this NDC update, Angola sets the target of achieving those 15% of emission reduction by 2025, unconditionally. In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 10% below BAU emission levels by 2025. To achieve that, several measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 11) and Conditional Contribution (Table 12). Additionally, in annex 9.2, measures to achieve Angola set of targets by 2030 are presented. Unconditionally, the target it is to achieve a 21% emission reduction by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 23,3 million tCO2 e in that year.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1400,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Unconditionally, the target it is to achieve a 21% emission reduction by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 23,3 million tCO2 e in that year. In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) – 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1401,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) – 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1402,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The hydroelectric capacity proposed to be installed in this scenario considers the Cambambe 2 project. The proposal for solar energy considers the Waku Kungo II and Lubango project. For reforestation, 50% of what was proposed for reduction in the INDC by 2030 (target 2030: 2032 ktCO2and sequestration) was considered. For the reduction of flaring, the information from the World Bank9 was used, which said in 2011 that Angola aimed to reduce flaring by 75%. In this scenario half of this reduction target was considered, compared to the value of flaring in 2015 (reported in the National Inventory).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1403,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this scenario half of this reduction target was considered, compared to the value of flaring in 2015 (reported in the National Inventory). For the solar villages it was considered as an assumption what was present in the PND 2013-2017, where the objective was the installation of 100 MW of solar PV in solar villages by 2025. For solar panels in industry a value of 2 MW was proposed, since ENAC did not make assumptions associated with this measure. Finally, composting, the capacity to send 500 ton/day of waste for composting was considered. 9 Angola’s Major Natural Gas Project to Cut Emissions from Flaring.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1404,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"9 Angola’s Major Natural Gas Project to Cut Emissions from Flaring. Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Conditional contributions Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) – 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets – 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting – 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1405,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Conditional contributions Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) – 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets – 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting – 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In this scenario, 4 additional measures were considered compared to the previous one.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1406,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Hydroelectric power was considered a potential project, some of the projects already identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola (2199 MW). In addition to Cambambe 2 already considered in de unconditional scenario, three more projects were added the Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2). The program called NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions), brought the opportunity for the implementation 15 MW to replace the use of diesel in three commercial farms in Angola was considered in this scenario as a small-scale solar panel. For the Mini-hydro, 150 MW were considered, coming from 3 projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1407,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For the Mini-hydro, 150 MW were considered, coming from 3 projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For solar villages and solar panels in industry, the value used in the unconditional 2025 scenario was doubled in this scenario. In the flaring reduction, 75% of the target considered in the unconditional scenario was considered.Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The Paris Agreement states that one of its aims is to increase “the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development” (Article 2).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1408,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"While inclusion of adaptation in the NDC is voluntary, countries are encouraged by the Paris Agreement (Article 7) to submit an adaptation communication to report on adaptation. The present chapter – Adaptation Contribution – serves as this adaptation communication for Angola. The process involved an extensive review of relevant documents on climate adaptation that have been developed over time starting with the National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 and the associated sectors working papers. 5.1.1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1409,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The process involved an extensive review of relevant documents on climate adaptation that have been developed over time starting with the National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 and the associated sectors working papers. 5.1.1. Source of information The main document considered for this NDC update was the National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035, which was developed after a long process of consultation with stakeholders and of document review, namely: National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2011 National Development Plan 2018-2022; Long-Term Development Strategy for Angola 2025; National Health Development Plan 2012-2025; Medium-Term Development Plan for the Agrarian Sector 2018-2022; National Action Program to Combat Desertification; National Development Plan (PDN) Disaster Preparedness, Contingency, Response and Recovery Plan for the period 2014- Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Prevention and Reduction; Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Plan for the period 2018-2022 Recently, in 2019, Angola elaborated its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone, identifying the main vulnerabilities of this area to the impacts of climate change, as well as several adaptation measures to adapt the territory to those expected impacts.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1410,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Source of information The main document considered for this NDC update was the National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035, which was developed after a long process of consultation with stakeholders and of document review, namely: National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2011 National Development Plan 2018-2022; Long-Term Development Strategy for Angola 2025; National Health Development Plan 2012-2025; Medium-Term Development Plan for the Agrarian Sector 2018-2022; National Action Program to Combat Desertification; National Development Plan (PDN) Disaster Preparedness, Contingency, Response and Recovery Plan for the period 2014- Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Prevention and Reduction; Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Plan for the period 2018-2022 Recently, in 2019, Angola elaborated its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone, identifying the main vulnerabilities of this area to the impacts of climate change, as well as several adaptation measures to adapt the territory to those expected impacts. This plan is an outcomeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 of the National Strategy for Climate Change, as it is one of the adaptation measures proposed for the Coastal Zone sector 5.1.1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1411,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The impacts of climate change in Angola are likely to be strongly felt in fisheries: according to the conclusions of the fifth IPCC evaluation report, Angola is among the most vulnerable countries in terms of the impact of the climate on their fisheries. By 2050 the value of fisheries in West Africa, including Angola, is expected to decrease 21%, resulting in a loss of $ 311 million in revenue from this economic activity. The level increase and the increase in water temperature will also have an impact on the major currents of the Angolan seacoast (Benguela and Gulf of Guinea), with subsequent changes in the levels of salinity and existing marine ecosystems.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1412,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Mindful of the challenge of climate change on marine resources, in the Strategic Action Plan of the Benguela Current Convention, Angola, Namibia and South Africa seek to introduce an ecosystem approach to fisheries management. For the 2018-2022 period, the Government advocated as general objectives of the sector the promotion of competitiveness and the development of industrial and artisanal fisheries in a sustainable way, also providing for the improvement of infrastructures and the development of aquaculture. In this context, the African Development Bank, in partnership with FAO, approvedNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 in 2013 a project to support the development of artisanal fisheries in Angola, which should start in 2019.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1413,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this context, the African Development Bank, in partnership with FAO, approvedNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 in 2013 a project to support the development of artisanal fisheries in Angola, which should start in 2019. At the same time, the creation of support centers for artisanal fisheries was recently announced with a view to supporting fishing activities by local communities, in particular, seeking to improve the income of fishing communities, increasing revenues, managing marine resources and maritime safety. The first support center is under construction since January 2017 in the Salinas community, on the coast of the city of Sumbe (Cuanza Sul).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1414,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In recent years, Angola has been facing several problems with natural disasters, namely in the rainy season and mainly due to construction in risk areas, with an estimated 10% of the Angolan population living in risk areas. It is predicted that the increase in the average level of the sea waters could reach 0.13m-0.56m in 2090, compared to the years 1980-1999 affecting densely populated areas such as the areas closest to the ocean and the city of Luanda. This rise in level is a serious threat to the coastal population and is responsible for the destruction of infrastructure as well as its corresponding impact on the country s development and on the national economy.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1415,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In view of the above, it is important to adapt the country to the consequences that climate change will bring to its coastal areas. The adaptation measures listed in Table 13 and Table 14 aim to contribute to the resilience of its population and economic activities. Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity While forest sequestration is one of the functions strengthening the response to the impacts of climate change, it is important to recognize that it is not the only climate action provided by forests, as they also deliver beneficial services for climate change adaptation. Angola has a wide range of ecosystems and a large surface area is covered with shrubs and savannas.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1416,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, the number of weather stations has been drastically reduced over the years, and there are now about 20. In these circumstances, the deepening of knowledge and the establishment of robust systems for monitoring watersheds and models for forecasting precipitation with new weather stations will support the creation of efficient systems for preventing and alerting extreme weather events, getting more frequent in Angola. 11 FAO, 2012. Angola Country Programming Framework 2013-2017. 12 USAID, 2011.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Human Health The human health has clear links to climate variability through both direct exposure as well as indirect pathways. Obviously, negative health impacts come from extreme climate events, such as heat waves, hurricanes/storms, floods and droughts.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1417,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Obviously, negative health impacts come from extreme climate events, such as heat waves, hurricanes/storms, floods and droughts. Gradual changes of climate affecting water, food and air quality also have negative influence on human health around the world. Additionally, various studies have shown that under climate change scenario, the spread of climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria and diarrhea would increase, and food production would decline resulting in malnutrition. The incidence of malaria in Angola is one of the highest in the African continent, with more than 3 million people affected today. This disease is the main cause of death in the country (130 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014), affecting the child population in a remarkable way (around 33% of perinatal deaths).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1418,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This disease is the main cause of death in the country (130 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014), affecting the child population in a remarkable way (around 33% of perinatal deaths). It is estimated that about 37% of households are located in areas with environmental diseases such as malaria, diarrhea and cholera, and that about 50% of households living in coastal areas do not have access to piped water. The high temperatures and changes in precipitation (for example, extreme rainy periods) resulting from climate change lead to the prolongation and, consequently, to the favorable conditions for exponential growth of species of mosquitoes that transmit malaria and other diseases, increasing the number cases and deaths.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1419,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"WASH infrastructure, services and behaviours are sustainable, safe and resilient to climate- related risks. This goes hand-in-hand with the sustainable use, protection and management of surface and groundwater resources, and resilient waste management; 2. Resilient WASH programmes contribute to building community resilience to help them adapt to the impacts of climate change. To achieve this, inequalities in service provision that disproportionately expose vulnerable groups to climate threats, or restrict their capacity to respond effectively, need to be addressed first. Further WASH contributions to community resilience can be achieved through creating systems that connect communities with local authorities in order to enable their integration into response plans, capacity development and by fostering income generation, as well as food, energy and ecosystem resilience; 3.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 121}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1420,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Further WASH contributions to community resilience can be achieved through creating systems that connect communities with local authorities in order to enable their integration into response plans, capacity development and by fostering income generation, as well as food, energy and ecosystem resilience; 3. Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1421,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1422,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1423,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project “Promotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach” in the Luanda-Uíge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1424,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project “Promotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach” in the Luanda-Uíge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 181}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1425,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The overriding national implementation arrangement will guide the integration of NDC priority interventions in the broad sectoral planning. The institutional arrangements proposed for NDC implementation are aligned with ENAC 2020- 2035. 6.2.1. Coordination for NDC implementation The Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment is responsible for the theme of climate change, having for this purpose the Office of Climate Change. This body is responsible for monitoring and participating in Angola in international policy on climate change, being responsible for reporting Angola to UNFCCC, as well as coordinating Angola s participation in the parties conferences (COP) organized by UNFCCC. The Climate Change Office is the Designated National Authority (DNA) of Angola, responsible for the authorization and participation of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1426,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In addition, it is important to establish, within the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment, namely within the Climate Change Office, an NDC monitoring secretariat, which allows the performance of the implementation of the measures registered here to be evaluated, and which is an open way for receiving suggestions from the public, private or public opinion. The results of these assessments must be kept in electronic form, to be subsequently integrated into the future Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system of Angolan climate policy. An approach to the specifications of the MRV system in Angola is carried out in subchapter 6.6. The conceptual coordination model proposed for NDC, aligned with ENAC 2020-2035, is shown in Figure 8.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1427,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The conceptual coordination model proposed for NDC, aligned with ENAC 2020-2035, is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC ImplementationNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6.2.2. Responsibilities and Strategic Partnerships required NDC implementation requires coordination across partners to mobilize resources, deliver complementary services and monitor progress. It will be essential to develop international partnerships to finance the low carbon economy in Angola, through bilateral or multilateral agreements, which allow the flow of resources to permeate the different sectors (energy, industry, mobility, etc. ), inducing effective actions of reduction of GHG emissions. A NDC Partnership Plan, a catalyst document to support the implementation of NDC 2020-2025 should be developed.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1428,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Civil society • Adopt more conscious daily behaviours, which lead to a smaller carbon footprint;Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 • Promote community mitigation and adaptation projects; • Participate in the global effort to fight the effects of climate change in Angola. Universities / research institutes • Develop scientific knowledge in the area of climate change; • Include climate change content in university programs; • Train citizens who are aware and aware of the urgency to act on the effects of climate change. 6.3. Capacity building and technology transfer required Under the Paris Agreement, developed countries have also committed to provide technology transfer and capacity building to developing countries. Many developing countries will require enhanced capacities to effectively track inflows of bilateral and multilateral resources and support and identify pending gaps and needs.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1429,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Financial requirements An initial assessment of the funding requirements for the identified measures is described below and implementation costs will be refined as more evidence-based information is obtained. The total estimated cost for Angola’s identified NDC mitigation contribution through 2025 is estimated at around 44 billion USD and 144 million USD for adaptation contribution, representing a combined funding requirement of around 44.1 billion USD, across sectors. The Table 18 summarizes the estimated funding needs. For both mitigation and adaptation combined, the mitigation unconditional contribution, account for around 99.7% of the total estimated funding requirements, and the adaptation contribution around 0.3%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1430,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For both mitigation and adaptation combined, the mitigation unconditional contribution, account for around 99.7% of the total estimated funding requirements, and the adaptation contribution around 0.3%. Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs Contribution Unconditional (million USD) Conditional (million USD) Total (million USD) Total (%)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Lack of funds is the main obstacle to development and implementation of actions that may assist in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The funding issue is also a major impediment to national research and development efforts, as well as to human and institutional capacity. Thus, climate finance leveraged by Angola is a key factor for NDC success in implementing its mitigation, adaptation and capacity building initiatives. 6.5. Funding options Angola’s contribution will be implemented with both domestic and international support.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1431,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Negotiations on Article 6 are currently underway, and the country is following the opportunities that can arise from the future carbon market. In addition, Article 13 of the Paris Agreement establishes a transparency framework to provide a clear understanding of climate change action, mutual trust and confidence that involves reporting data in a regular basis. 6.5.1. National Framework for Climate Finance Since Angola ratified the UNFCCC in 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, it has managed to use some of the international financial instruments for climate action and at national level to mobilize public and private funds for mitigation and adaptation measures.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1432,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Special and differential treatment in the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely longer periods in the implementation of multilateral agreements and commitments; 2. Public Development Aid: the international community has committed a series of financing lines to support LDCs (Example: Angola received financial assistance from the Least Developed Countries Fund which is exclusive to LDCs); 3. Preferential market access: Preferential market access gives LDC exporters the right to benefit from lower tariffs or even exemption from customs duties. The section below describes the main financial instruments, national and international, available and used by Angola in its climate finance. National Climate Finance At the national level, Angola has a relatively small set of financing lines for mitigation and adaptation measures.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1433,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"GEF Trust Fund By the end of 2016, 2 projects in Angola (1 for mitigation and 1 for adaptation) with a total grant amount exceeding US$ 7 million and channelled through the following DFIs were approved: United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The global co-financing value of these projects amounted to approximately US $ 36 million. Carbon Markets (MDL)16 Angola has only one project registered under the CDM mechanism, the Gove hydroelectric power station. The project was registered in 2014 and has the potential to reduce 126,118 tCO2 e / year. By the end of 2016 the project had not issued any certified emission reduction (CER) and therefore had no access to finance from developed countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1434,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Carbon MarketsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola also benefited from funding from a number of financial and bilateral institutions that include the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the European Development Fund (EDF), the French Fund for the World Environment (FFEM), German cooperation through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), UNDP and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, or in English UNEP - United Nations Environment Program). Angola also benefited from the Fast-Start financing program that was agreed upon at COP15, in 2009, in which developed countries pledged to channel resources worth around US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010 and 2012 to support efforts in developing countries.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1435,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola also benefited from the Fast-Start financing program that was agreed upon at COP15, in 2009, in which developed countries pledged to channel resources worth around US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010 and 2012 to support efforts in developing countries. In a global way, Angola should take advantage of the main international financial instruments already identified (Green Climate Fund, Adaptation Fund GEF Trust Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund, Special Climate Change Trust Fund) and maximize the use of existing national funds (Fundo Nacional do Environment, National Electricity Fund, Support Fund for Agricultural Development of Angola and Sovereign Fund of Angola) in order to cover all identified mitigation and adaptation sectors / domains. 6.5.1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1436,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The role of carbon markets in global climate finance is still considered very relevant by a considerable number of countries and regions. By the end of 2019, around 40 countries and more than 20 cities, states and regions used carbon markets as climatic instruments, which represents about 13% of annual GHG emissions worldwide [25].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 A positive trend observed in the African continent was the growth of CDM programmatic approaches (from English, Program of Activities - PoA17) that allowed to extend the channelling of climate finance in countries and regions that are still under-represented. The CDM is part of a type of financing called Results-based-finance (RBF) that channels funds into projects and programs through the achievement of verified objectives.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1437,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Government believes that the transparency that this system will bring to the implementation of the Angolan climate policy will also allow it to leverage more international financing for the country. The Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment is responsible for the development of the MRV system and for the coordination of its implementation, which must include: 1. Plan of methodologies and base data 2. Knowledge management system 3. Capacity development plan 4. Quality control and quality assurance system 5. Legal and institutional frameworkNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 The Methodology and Base Data Plan will define the methodologies to be applied in the monitoring of GHG emissions, mitigation and adaptation measures and financial, technical and technological support.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1438,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1439,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1440,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"are-emitted-by-the-countryNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 8. INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY AND UNDERSTANDING In accordance with the provisions of Annex I of Decision 4/CMA.1, Angola informs the following: Parameter Information NDC Time period Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment The type of contribution selected by Angola in terms of mitigation is based on results, i.e. the reduction of greenhouse gases to levels below the BAU. The BAU scenario by 2025 was based on the last GHG inventory of 2015. Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1441,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq. Accounting methodology With the support of GACMO model, developed by UNEP DTU Partnership, the BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The mitigation measures were selected and prioritized based on consultation with stakeholders, which formed the basis for the calculation of the mitigation scenario, calculated using the GACMO model. Metric applied Global Warming Potential on a 100-year timescale in accordance with the IPCC s 4th Assessment Report. Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1442,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly during its forty- [2] 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Link: [3] Ministry of Economy and Planning: Long-Term Strategy, 2025, 2007. Link: [4] National Adaptation Programme of Action, UNFCCC 2011. Link: [5] UNFCCC Angola 1st National Communication, 2012. Link: [6] Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan in Africa for the Health sector 2012-2016, 2012. Link Action.pdf [7] Republic of Angola, 2012 - Strategic Urban Waste Management Plan (PESGRU). Link: [8] IPCC 5th Assessment Report: Climate Change 2014. Link: [9] Carabine E. and Lemma A. (2014), The IPCC’s fifth assessment report: what’s in for Africa? Overseas Development Institute and Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Link: [10] INE (2016). Census 2014. General Population and Housing Census in Angola 2014 – Final Results.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1443,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"General Population and Housing Census in Angola 2014 – Final Results. Link: [11] Republic of Angola, 2015. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for the Republic of Angola. Republic of Angola. Link: gsp.org/sites/default/files/documents/indc_angola_deposito.pdf [12] New Climate Institute (2015). Connecting the dots, Results-based financing in climate policy. climate-policy/ [13] Atlas and National Strategy New Renewable Energies, 2015. Link: FOR-THE-NEW-RENEWABLES.pdfNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [14] United Nations (2015a). Committee for Development Policy Report on the seventeenth session (23-27 March 2015) Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2015 Supplement No. 13 E/2015/33. United Nations. New York. [15] INE Angola, 2016. Population projection 2014-2050. [16] UN General Assembly (2016). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 February 2016, Graduation of Angola from the least developed country category 70/253 [17] Republic of Angola (2016).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1444,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 February 2016, Graduation of Angola from the least developed country category 70/253 [17] Republic of Angola (2016). Guidelines for Defining a Strategy for Exiting the Crisis Derived from Falling Oil Prices in the International Market. Link: [18] Ministry of Energy and Water (2016). Angola Energy 2025: Long term vision for electric sector. Link: SECTOR-LONG-TERM-VISION.pdf [19] Ministry of Economy and Planning, 2018, National Development Plan 2018-2022. Link: [20] Republic of Angola, 2017. National Strategy for Climate Change. Republic of Angola. Link: [21] Republic of Angola, 2017, First Annual Report On The Angola Graduation Process From LDC Category, Monitoring of Graduated and Graduating Countries from the Least Developed Country category: Angola, CDP2017/PLEN5-Annex 1, February 2017. [22] African Development Bank, African Economic Outlook 2019.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1445,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"[22] African Development Bank, African Economic Outlook 2019. Link: [23] Angola Disaster Risk Profile, 2019. Link: profile-angola [24] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report 2019: Angola. Link: f [25] World Bank (2019). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019. Link: [26] International Energy Agency, Africa Energy Outlook – Overview: Angola 2019. Link: [27] INE, 2019. Final Report on Multidimensional Poverty in Angola. Link: [28] Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone of Angola, 2019. Link:Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [29] Ministry of Transports, 2019 - National Master Plan for the Transport Sector & Preliminary Feasibility Study for the Railway Link between the Benguela Railway (CFB) and Zambia. Link: planodirectornacionaldosectordostransportes.pdf [30] Ministry of Finance 2019, State Budget Report 2020. Link: //www.parlamento.ao/glue/AN_Navigation_home.jsp?","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1446,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: planodirectornacionaldosectordostransportes.pdf [30] Ministry of Finance 2019, State Budget Report 2020. Link: //www.parlamento.ao/glue/AN_Navigation_home.jsp? [31] Creating Markets in Angola: Opportunities for Development Through the Private Sector, World Bank 2019. Link: [32] Country Engagement Strategy: A Country-Driven Approach For Collective Impact On Climate And Development Action, October 2020. Link: engagement/NDCP_CountryEngStrategy_Final.pdf [33] Integrated Plan for the Acceleration of Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries (PIAAPF), 2020. Link: pesca-familiar-piaapf [34] African Development Bank, 2020. African Economic Outlook 2020. Link: [35] International Monetary Fund – World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020. Link: [36] The graduation of Angola from the LDC category: impact of the withdrawal of international support measures GILBERTO D.F. ANTÓNIO1, ADELINO A.S. MUXITO. Link: Antonio-and-Muxito.pdf [37] Global Business Reports, The Official Mining in Africa Country Investment Guide (MACIG) 2020.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1447,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: Antonio-and-Muxito.pdf [37] Global Business Reports, The Official Mining in Africa Country Investment Guide (MACIG) 2020. Link: [38] Republic of Angola, 2020 - National GHG Inventory 2005-2018 (draft Nov 2020) [39] GIZ Repository of Adaptation Indicators, Real case examples from national Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Link: Websites [40] Angola - Main sectors. Link: export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/angola/market-sectors?accepter_cookies=oui [41] Current State of Maritime Transport in Angola: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [42] Natural Earth Data. Link: [43] Angolan Banking Association. Link: association/ [44] Angola - UN Country Profile. Link: [45] UNFCCC – What is the Paris Agreement. Link: paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement [46] Angola Sovereign Fund. Link: [47] The Economic Context of Angola, Lloyds Bank. Link: [48] Central Intelligence Agency – Country Profile of Angola. Link: [49] FAO Fishery Country Profile. Link: [50] GEF.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1448,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – Installation of wind farms – 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste– 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1449,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – Installation of wind farms – 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste– 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2. The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1450,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW). In terms of reforestation, the total value of emissions reduction in reforestation present in INDC (2032ktCO2e) was considered. For flaring, the reduction target value (75%) indicated by the World Bank in 2011 was considered. For solar and wind energy, potential projects were considered from projects identified in Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1451,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and Tômbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets– 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms – 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1452,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and Tômbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets– 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms – 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario. For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1453,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For biomass, the projects were Luanda, Benguela/Lobito/Catumbela, Alto Catumbela, Chinguar, Cuima, Biocom, Lucapa, Luena, Luachimo, Dala, Chicapa, Lumeje and Dinge. The program called NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions), brought the opportunity for the implementation 15 MW to replace the use of diesel in three commercial farms in Angola was considered in this scenario as a small-scale solar panel. For the hydroelectric power plants, additionally to the projects of Cambambe 2, Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2), presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Cacombo project.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1454,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For the hydroelectric power plants, additionally to the projects of Cambambe 2, Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2), presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Cacombo project. For the solar energy, additionally to the projects of Waku Kungo II, Lubango and Capanga, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Balém Dango, Lubango ii, Fútila, Chipindo, Lubango, Kuito, Gove, Waku Kungo I, Lucapa and Dungo projects. For wind energy, additionally to the projects of Tômbwa and Quitobia, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Dunga and Quimone projects.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1455,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For wind energy, additionally to the projects of Tômbwa and Quitobia, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Dunga and Quimone projects. For the lightning and natural gas buses measures, we double the number of lamps and buses used in the conditional 2025 scenario.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In terms of flaring, we have increased the ambition to reduce flaring. Instead of 75% reduction, as planned and presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it is now considered a 91% emission reduction compared to 2015 emissions.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1456,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Instead of 75% reduction, as planned and presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it is now considered a 91% emission reduction compared to 2015 emissions. For solar panels in industry, we increased one more unit in this measure (from 4 MW in scenario unconditional 2030 scenario, to 6 MW in this scenario) For composting, the value (1000 t/day) in the unconditional 2030 scenario has been doubled.Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1457,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION OF ANGOLA Republic of AngolaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACKNOWLEDGES The Government of Angola recognizes the country s vulnerability to climate change and is aware of the impacts that the country has been suffering, and the tendency for them to become worse. In this context, Angola wants to be part of the solution, showing its commitment for emissions reduction and adaptation efforts. The document presented here resulted from the interaction with the different ministerial departments and several Angolan entities, which responded to the challenge launched by the National Directorate of Environment and Climate Action (DNAAC) and participated in bilateral meetings to discuss this NDC, showing a great sense of responsibility and commitment.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1458,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Government of Angola appreciates the exceptional availability and commitment of all those identified below and who contributed to the update of this NDC. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 245}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1459,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment. Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro!","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 221}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1460,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador não definido.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 300}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1461,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development – INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador não definido. Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 300}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1462,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2. Outline of this document 12 2. Current National Context . 14 2.2. Geographical Characteristics 15 2.3. Climate Profile . 16 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables . 16 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts 18 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics . 19 2.5. Socioeconomic Characteristics . 21 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Primary sector 24 2.5.2. Characteristics of the Secondary Sector . 26 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Tertiary Sector . 26 3. NDC Revision Process . 31 3.1. Justification & Time Frame of this NDC 31 3.2. Scope and coverage 31 3.3. Revision process and NDC Enhancement 31 3.4. Institutional arrangements . 32 4.1.1. Source of information 35 4.1.2. Scope and Coverage . 36 4.2.,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1463,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Scope and Coverage . 36 4.2. Reference point: National GHG Inventory . 38 4.2.2. GHG Emissions by sector . 42 4.3. Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario 44 4.4. Mitigation Contribution 45Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Unconditional contributions 46 Conditional contributions 48 5.1.1. Source of information 51 5.1.1. Scope and Coverage . 52 5.2. Adaptation Contribution . 56 Unconditional contributions 57 Conditional contributions 58 6. Means of Implementation . 61 6.1. Barriers to the implementation of NDC . 61 6.2. Institutional arrangements required for effective NDC implementation 62 6.2.1. Coordination for NDC implementation . 62 6.2.2. Responsibilities and Strategic Partnerships required . 65 6.3. Capacity building and technology transfer required . 66 6.4. Financial requirements . 67 6.5. Funding options . 68 6.5.1. National Framework for Climate Finance . 68 6.5.1. Carbon Markets 72 6.6.,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1464,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"National Framework for Climate Finance . 68 6.5.1. Carbon Markets 72 6.6. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system . 73 7. Fairness and ambition 78 8. Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1465,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1466,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts.,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1467,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts. At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in 2015, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement [45]. This is a historic agreement, the first global legal framework binding the responsibilities of all Parties in joint efforts to combat climate change. The implementation of each Party s responsibilities for climate change response is primarily reflected through the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), that Angola submitted in the same year as Paris Agreement was adopted (2015). In August 2020 the Paris Agreement and Doha Amendment Ratification were formally approved by the Government of Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1468,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In August 2020 the Paris Agreement and Doha Amendment Ratification were formally approved by the Government of Angola. In November 2020, Angola ratified the Paris Agreement to UNFCCC. In accordance with Decision 1/CP.21 of COP21, Parties were requested to communicate or update the NDC by 2020, Angola reviewed and updated its NDC to be submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2020 based on the actual country context. Angola is committed to take part in the aspiration set at International level to fight against climate change, thus contributing to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1469,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"A “conditional contribution” is one that Angola would undertake if international means of support are provided, or other conditions are met. The Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario considered for this NDC was developed using 2015 as the base year and provides projections for up to 2025. Angola plans to reduce GHG emissions up to 14% by 2025 as compared to the base year (unconditionally). The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1470,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025. The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1471,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures. The adaptation component identifies strategic measures in key sectors in order to improve adaptive capacity, enhance resilience, and reduce risks caused by climate change, thus contributes to the achievement of the country’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and National Development Plan objectives. The 2020 NDC reflects the feedback from stakeholders and is fully aligned with the development vision of the government.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1472,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The 2020 NDC reflects the feedback from stakeholders and is fully aligned with the development vision of the government. Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 In reviewing the 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC), the government organized bilateral meetings, conducted during 2020-2021, in order to identify and discuss relevant measures to achieve the proposed target, responding to the main priorities of the country.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1473,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 In reviewing the 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC), the government organized bilateral meetings, conducted during 2020-2021, in order to identify and discuss relevant measures to achieve the proposed target, responding to the main priorities of the country. Due to the global pandemic COVID-19 the bilateral meetings were developed through virtual platform.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future [45].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1474,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Due to the global pandemic COVID-19 the bilateral meetings were developed through virtual platform.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future [45]. The Paris Agreement guides developed and developing countries to made individual commitments to transition toward a climate-resilient and low- emissions future. Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1475,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3). All Parties agreed to either communicate their current NDCs or submit new or updated NDCs by 2020, and to do so every five years thereafter. Each successive NDC is expected to represent a progression beyond the current NDC (Article 4) and reflect the Party’s highest possible ambition. This upward spiral of ambition underpins the achievement of the goals agreed to in Paris. The first Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC) of Angola was submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1476,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The first Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC) of Angola was submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015. Five years later and following the ratification of the Paris Agreement in November 2020, Angola is submitting an updated NDC, setting targets to contribute to the achievement of the PA goals and meet the country compromises in climate change policy. 1.2. Outline of this document This document describes Angola’s update of its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for mitigation and adaptation for the period 2020-2025.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1477,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Outline of this document This document describes Angola’s update of its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for mitigation and adaptation for the period 2020-2025. It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1478,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2. CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1479,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation. Concerned with making its contribution to the protection of communities and the rational management of its most varied natural resources, counting on future generations, the Republic of Angola has, in recent decades, become a signatory to several international environmental conventions with the signature of their respective protocols.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1480,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Concerned with making its contribution to the protection of communities and the rational management of its most varied natural resources, counting on future generations, the Republic of Angola has, in recent decades, become a signatory to several international environmental conventions with the signature of their respective protocols. Angola ratified the United Nations Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) in 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, reaffirming its commitment to the implementation of measures and programs to stabilize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In May 2000, the country ratified the Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention, after being signed by the Parties in July 1998, being one of the most successful United Nations treaties to date with 197 signatory countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1481,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In May 2000, the country ratified the Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention, after being signed by the Parties in July 1998, being one of the most successful United Nations treaties to date with 197 signatory countries. Angola is also a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Combating Drought and Desertification (UNCCD), the Convention on the Conservation of Wild Migratory Species (CMS), better known as the “Bonn Convention”, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Angola is also part of the Law of the Sea Convention.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1482,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola is also part of the Law of the Sea Convention. Most of the conventions continue to deserve their implementation by Angola, through the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA), within the scope of the commitments assumed at international level to contribute to the protection of the planet earth and its living beings. In 2011, Angola completed its National Adaptation Action Plan (PANA) and in 2014 submitted its 1st National Communication to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. In 2015, the country prepared and submitted its Intended National Contribution for the reduction of GHG emissions to the UNFCCC.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1483,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In 2015, the country prepared and submitted its Intended National Contribution for the reduction of GHG emissions to the UNFCCC. Angola recognizes that the country has been greatly affected by the impacts of climate change (prolonged droughts, floods, forest fires, reduced agricultural productivity, reduced water availability, affected fishing resources, .) and that adaptation is an obvious need. To address these issues, Angola has developed several national plans and strategies, including the National Strategy for Afforestation and Reforestation (2010), Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management (2011) and Program of Action National Plan to Combat Desertification (2014).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1484,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"To address these issues, Angola has developed several national plans and strategies, including the National Strategy for Afforestation and Reforestation (2010), Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management (2011) and Program of Action National Plan to Combat Desertification (2014). In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1485,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors. The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1486,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2. Geographical Characteristics Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country located on the south west coast of Africa, whose main territory is limited to the north and northeast by the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the east by Zambia, to the south by Namibia and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1487,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Geographical Characteristics Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country located on the south west coast of Africa, whose main territory is limited to the north and northeast by the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the east by Zambia, to the south by Namibia and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes the exclave of Cabinda, through which it borders the Republic of Congo to the north. Angola has a surface area of 1.246.700 square kilometers and a coastline of 1.650 square kilometers. Angola is divided into 18 provinces (Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza- Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, and Zaire). The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1488,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city. Its largest province by area is Cuando Cubango located in the south-east at 204,000 km² followed closely by its northern neighbor Moxico at 201,000 km². Cabinda is an exclave that is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory that belongs to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1489,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3. Climate Profile Due to its geographical position, the Angolan territory presents an important climatic diversity, resulting from the combination of several factors such as its size, both in the north-south axis and in the coast-inland axis, the diversity of its topography and the effects of the Oceanic Current of Benguela (cold water). In this way, Angola has three major climatic zones. To the north the climate is characterized as hot and humid tropical and as we walk south, the climate becomes drier until it reaches a desert climate in the south-west, on the border with Namibia. The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1490,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate. There are two different seasons, a hot and humid season, in which rainfall is greater and another cooler and drier. In general, rainfall is higher in the north and inland, increasing with altitude. The Benguela current makes the coastal regions of Angola arid or semi-arid. 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined four different scenarios, called Representative Concentration Pathways (CPR), which differ in their ability to dissipate heat, ranging from the optimistic (2.6) to the pessimistic (8.5) scenario, through the intermediate scenarios 4.5 and 6.0. The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1491,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8]. Considering RCP4.5 scenario, future projections for Angola indicate an increase in the average annual temperature of 1.2 to 3.2ºC in 2060, with warmer and less cold days and nights, a generalized warming of surface waters on the northern and southern frontiers of the large marine ecosystem of the Benguela current, a variation in annual precipitation between -27% and + 20% in 2090, a greater probability of extreme events, such as heat waves, droughts and intense rains. The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1492,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20]. The wind direction is not expected to change, as well as the direction of the sea currents. The pH of rainwater is expected to become more acidic, particularly in urban environments, more as a result of the increase in urban population and pollution of anthropogenic origin and not so much due to climate change. Also, the ocean acidification, the decrease in the pH of the Earth s oceans, is ongoing caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1493,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Also, the ocean acidification, the decrease in the pH of the Earth s oceans, is ongoing caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere. An increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding in the coastal zone of Angola is expected in all seasons, except in winter months June, July and August, interspersed with longer periods of drought. The average of sea level is expected to rise, which will have direct consequences for the coastal zone of Angola, not only because that is where the country s population and infrastructure is concentrated, but also because it affects coastal biotopes, such as mangroves, increasing its salinity and making the survival of plant species impossible or altering the local flora.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1494,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The average of sea level is expected to rise, which will have direct consequences for the coastal zone of Angola, not only because that is where the country s population and infrastructure is concentrated, but also because it affects coastal biotopes, such as mangroves, increasing its salinity and making the survival of plant species impossible or altering the local flora. Table 1 presents a summary of projections by climate variable.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable [28] Projection Condition Trend Air temperature The average global temperature of the earth s surface is likely to exceed, by the end of the 21st century, 1.5 ° C with respect to trademarks registered in the 1850-1900 period.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1495,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 1 presents a summary of projections by climate variable.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable [28] Projection Condition Trend Air temperature The average global temperature of the earth s surface is likely to exceed, by the end of the 21st century, 1.5 ° C with respect to trademarks registered in the 1850-1900 period. Increase Sea water temperature Positive changes in the temperature of the water in the cold Benguela current may affect outcrop pulses in the planktonic system as a whole. There is shading of effects and causes with the condition of the ichthyofauna and the activities of commercial overfishing in the area, as well as secular variations typical of marine dynamics.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1496,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"There is shading of effects and causes with the condition of the ichthyofauna and the activities of commercial overfishing in the area, as well as secular variations typical of marine dynamics. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Sea current temperature A tropicalization of the equatorial heating zone of the cold Benguela current is expected by 2050. However, the heating of the Benguela current as well as new phenomena such as El Niño de Benguela respond to secular dynamics that cannot yet be statistically separated from each other. possible consequences of global warming. Stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with sub-dimensioning of data to establish effects arising Precipitation A decrease in average annual rainfall in the south and north of the country and an increase in the central coast is expected.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1497,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with sub-dimensioning of data to establish effects arising Precipitation A decrease in average annual rainfall in the south and north of the country and an increase in the central coast is expected. In monthly terms, a decrease is expected in the driest months, extending the dry season to the months of April and October. The maximum daily precipitation is expected to increase throughout the territory, this increase being more accentuated in the coastal zone. In the South, precipitation episodes will decrease by the end of the century but will be more intense in the future. Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1498,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%. Already incorporating an increase in the global average temperature between 1.5 ° C and 2.0 ° C, the increase in sea level would be between 0.35m and 0.93m for the same confidence interval. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Wind direction No drastic changes expected. Local phenomena produced by urban corridors may have a specific impact, more linked to the effects of urbanization than global warming. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Direction of sea currents No drastic changes planned in terms of direction. Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1499,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effectsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Projection Condition Trend Rainwater pH due to anthropic action Expressively linked to the emission into the atmosphere of compounds derived from fossil fuels or possible mining of sulfur compounds in the open. Increase Rainwater pH by natural effects No drastic changes predicted by natural conditions. Anthropogenic action would be primarily responsible. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Occurrence and intensity of extreme events Drought: They will tend to increase in frequency and intensity in the coastal area, but with significant consolidation in the central and western regions of the country.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1500,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Occurrence and intensity of extreme events Drought: They will tend to increase in frequency and intensity in the coastal area, but with significant consolidation in the central and western regions of the country. Floods: Expected to increase the frequency of floods as well as their intensity, however interspersed with more consolidated periods of drought. Heat waves: Expected to increase the frequency Storm surges: Expected to increase the frequency Wildfires: As global temperatures rise, wildfires are getting more frequent and intense. Increase Ocean acidification The ocean has been playing an important role in helping slow down global climate change by removing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1501,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater. When seawater absorbs carbon dioxide its acidity is increased. Increase 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts Angola s vulnerability to climate change has been felt over time, with frequent episodes of extreme weather phenomena such as drought or floods, as well as coastal degradation and marked temperature variability in some areas of the country [19], with a special focus on the coast where most of the country s population is concentrated. Policy makers and other relevant stakeholders are increasingly aware of the tendency for them to get worse.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1502,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The growing signs of sensitive changes in biophysical systems, whether at regional and/or global scale, highlight the need to identify, analyze and assess the potential impacts of climate change in various socio-economic sectors, in order to plan a concerted response and mobilize adequate resources for its realization. The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1503,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1504,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est. in 2020), unevenly distributed in the territory with 63% residing in urban areas and 37% in rural areas[10], and a strong concentration in the province of Luanda of around 6.9 million people. The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1505,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19]. Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1506,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3). Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1507,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030. Contributing to the population growth tendency is the declining of mortality in the country in recent years as a reflection of the increase of life expectancy at birth, decrease of juvenile mortality rates and lower VIH prevalence in pregnant women (despite existence of some provincial variation)[15]. Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] Population projections 2020-2050 (hab.) According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1508,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025. Furthermore, the age structure of the population is very young (average age of 20.6 years), with 65% of the national total population under 24 and only 2% over 65 years old [19].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Education and Literacy Angola is a multicultural and multilingual country. Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1509,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language. The six Bantu languages most widely spoken: Umbundu (23%), Kikongo (8.2%), Kimbundu (7.8%), Chokwe (6.5%), Ngangela (3.1%), Kwanyama (2.3%) [48]. In 2020, the Multidimensional Poverty Report of Angola [27] was developed, which considers 4 dimensions: i) Health; ii) Education, iii) Quality of life; iv) Employment - and sixteen indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty and are, quite important, to capture the reality of the Country. According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1510,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%). Angola has, according to UNESCO, an adult literacy rate1 of 66.03% (a 1.38% decline from 2001). While the male literacy rate is 79.97%, for females is 53.41%, showing a big gap between the sexes. In Angola, primary education is mandatory and free, which comprises 6 years of schooling (1st grade to 6th grade). Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1511,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition. The country is administratively divided into 18 provinces, each of which is headed by a governor appointed by the central government. Provinces are further divided into councils, communes, circles, neighborhoods, and villages. The government type is a multiparty democracy with an Executive Presidency composed of the following State bodies: The President of the Republic, the National Assembly, the Government and the Courts2. The actual Angolan government is composed by 21 Ministries. 2.5.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1512,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The actual Angolan government is composed by 21 Ministries. 2.5. Socioeconomic Characteristics Angola has been an independent nation since 11th November 1975, following over 500 years of Portuguese colonization, and has maintained political stability since the end of the 27-year civil war in 2002. In 2010, a constitution established a presidential parliamentary system with the 1 Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. 2 Angola: UN Country ProfileNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 president no longer elected by direct popular vote but instead as the head of the party winning the most seats.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1513,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"2 Angola: UN Country ProfileNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 president no longer elected by direct popular vote but instead as the head of the party winning the most seats. Angola has made substantial economic and political progress since the end of the war in 2002. However, the country continues to face massive development challenges, which include reducing its dependency on oil and diversifying the economy; rebuilding its infrastructure; and improving institutional capacity, governance, public financial management systems, human development indicators, and the living conditions of the population. The World Bank classifies the world s economies into four income groups — high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low. The Republic of Angola is a lower-middle income country and is transitioning to be classified as an upper-middle income country.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1514,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Republic of Angola is a lower-middle income country and is transitioning to be classified as an upper-middle income country. Faced with the degrading situation of its economy from the civil war, Angola joined the least developed country (LDC) category in 1994[1]. In 2015, the United Nations considered that, given its economic growth, it should no longer be considered as a least developed country [14]. Angola’s graduation from the LDC category will be effective in 2021[16]. For the Government of Angola, graduation is an important milestone for the country and its process should be used as a catalyst to accelerate the country’s transformation and development agenda [21]. This graduation process is expected to have economic implications.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1515,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This graduation process is expected to have economic implications. Poverty reduction is one of the priority objectives of Angolan policy and the actions developed under the Poverty Reduction Strategy, the Integrated Municipal Program for Rural Development and Poverty Reduction and the National Development Plan of 2013-2017 and of 2018-2022, currently in force and under revision, allowed for a positive evolution of national indicators. According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1516,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14]. Although the country s wealth concentration indicator is evolving positively, empirical evidence suggests that inequality remains high [22]. In 2018, the GINI index3 for was 51,3%. The Government has already in place a programme to support vulnerable families.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1517,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Government has already in place a programme to support vulnerable families. The KWENDA program, which provides for the transfer of a fixed monthly income, in the amount of 8,500 kwanzas, to vulnerable families, as well as their inclusion in income-generating activities, came into force with its approval in the Diário da República. Despite the positive outcomes, it is essential to strengthen and broaden the scope of policies and measures to reduce poverty, eliminate extreme poverty, promote access to equal opportunities and assure a fairer distribution of wealth and income. Some of the proposed measures in the PDN 2018-2022 are the implementation of a minimum income program for the population with greater economic and social difficulties and a sustainable and fair wage policy and tax system[19].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1518,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Some of the proposed measures in the PDN 2018-2022 are the implementation of a minimum income program for the population with greater economic and social difficulties and a sustainable and fair wage policy and tax system[19]. According to the 2014 Census, 42.2% of the country’s population was employed in the primary sector, 26.2% in the tertiary sector and only 6.1% in the secondary sector. In 2018, the unemployment rate was estimated at 28% and remained predominantly high among youth in urban areas (38%)[34]. Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1519,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 a driving force of the organization of economic and social life, and not included in official numbers. Second largest oil producer in Africa, Angola also has the third largest GDP in sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria and South Africa. After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1520,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth. Angola was then severely affected by the fall in oil prices and by the fall in world demand (notably from China). In 2019, it entered its fourth year of recession, which was extended by the drop in production in mature oil fields; indeed, GDP growth contracted by -1.5% in 2019[35]. Angola is expected to remain in recession in 2020 due to the recent plunge in oil prices and the global slowdown resulting from the impact of COVID-19. Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1521,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks. Non-oil sector growth is also projected to decline due to spillover effects from lower oil prices, reduced imported capital goods, tighter financing conditions, currency depreciation, and restrictions in the movements of goods and people. The COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic disruptions caused by it put at risk Angola’s achievements of macro-economic stabilization and transition to a more sustainable and inclusive growth model [35]. Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1522,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period. Angola, characterized by its oil industry dependence, suffered the drop-in oil production since 2014 and consequent price decline of this commodity, which resulted in reduced oil exports and affected tax revenues [30]. As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1523,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017. The reduction in the price of oil and subsequent divestment in the sector over the 2015-2017 period, has strongly impacted oil production nationally causing inflation rates to rise exponentially and fiscal sector indicators to deteriorate, resulting in a contraction of economic activity, public consumption expenditure and public investment, and increasing the public deficit leading to a four year long recession [30]. Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1524,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3). In light of this scenario, in 2016 entered into force a memorandum defining the government strategy to tackle this problem and increase state revenues based mainly on four pillars [17]: 1) oil substitution as the main source of revenue, 2) short-term export promotion, 3) program of public debt payment, and 4) a new non-oil dependent economic stability cycle. Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1525,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate. Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1526,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30]. The government strategy also involves investing in infrastructure, reducing imports throughNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 economic diversification, developing skills and improving the business environment through reducing bureaucracy and easing credit access to companies [19]. Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1527,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry. Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] In the 2013-2017 period, the average growth rate of the non-oil sector of 1.2% has been threefold the 0.4% registered for the oil sector [19]. The Government is strongly committed in developing the agricultural sector in order to make the country self-sufficient in basic food supplies, thus reducing imports and increasing exports. Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30].","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1528,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30]. Recently, the Government of Angola developed the Integrated Plan for the Acceleration of Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries (PIAAPF), stating its plans to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and dependence on oil, increasing increase national production by at least 15 to 25%, as well as investments in chains of value [33]. Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1529,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector. In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1530,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Primary sector Oil, Mineral & Gas Producing more than 800,000 barrels per day, Angola is Africa s second largest oil producer, a net producer of natural gas and also the third largest producer of diamonds in the continent, surpassed only by Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1531,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Characteristics of the Primary sector Oil, Mineral & Gas Producing more than 800,000 barrels per day, Angola is Africa s second largest oil producer, a net producer of natural gas and also the third largest producer of diamonds in the continent, surpassed only by Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Angolan economy - the third largest in sub-Saharan Africa - is dominated by the oil and gas industry, which accounts for about 50% of its GDP and is the primary source of revenue for the country (more than 80% of government revenue and 90% of Angola s exports come from oil activities) [47].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Besides oil, Angola has a wide range of valuable natural resources, particularly geological and mineral, including diamonds, iron ore, phosphate, copper, gold and manganese.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1532,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Angolan economy - the third largest in sub-Saharan Africa - is dominated by the oil and gas industry, which accounts for about 50% of its GDP and is the primary source of revenue for the country (more than 80% of government revenue and 90% of Angola s exports come from oil activities) [47].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Besides oil, Angola has a wide range of valuable natural resources, particularly geological and mineral, including diamonds, iron ore, phosphate, copper, gold and manganese. Some of these resources are still unexplored in vast areas of the territory, reason why the government is implementing the National Geology Plan (PLANAGEO) to promote their exploitation and generate revenues.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1533,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Some of these resources are still unexplored in vast areas of the territory, reason why the government is implementing the National Geology Plan (PLANAGEO) to promote their exploitation and generate revenues. The diamond, metallic mineral and other mineral extraction sectors are expected to perform the best in 2019, in consequence of the entry into operation of new diamond mines and of new quarries for the production of ornamental rocks, in addition to the continued production of other gold, iron ore and concentrated iron mines [19], with a growth rate of 17.9%, followed by Energy with 10.7% and the Manufacturing Industry 3.2% [30]. Agriculture and Fisheries Agriculture Despite its potential, the agricultural sector is underdeveloped and not very productive, contributing to 9% of GDP but employs 51% of the population.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1534,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Artisanal fishing activities are scattered along the coast. Benguela and Luanda provinces have the greatest concentration of artisanal fishing areas. There is a real potential for increased artisanal fisheries and Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries (IPA) has put great effort into developing the sector, particularly in terms of improving quality and tonnage of landings, as well assisting to improve the standard of living of the artisanal communities. [49]Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.5.2. Characteristics of the Secondary Sector Energy Angola s current energy matrix, regarding electricity, is fundamentally based on two sources: water and thermal (from oil derivatives) and with regard to energy consumption in rural areas, in biomass (firewood and charcoal). New renewable energies have no expression and represent less than 1% of the energy consumed.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1535,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"New renewable energies have no expression and represent less than 1% of the energy consumed. Angola is currently one of the countries in the world with the highest penetration of renewable energies in the electricity sector due to the weight of its hydroelectric plants. In 2013, more than 70% of the electricity produced in the country came from water. [13] The electricity network of Angola is constituted by 3 main independent systems, based on hydrographic basins, namely, the North, Center and South Systems. The provincial headquarters not covered by these systems are supplied by Isolated Systems. The electricity access rate in Angola is 44% today and most rural areas lack access to electricity and other modern sources of energy.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1536,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The electricity access rate in Angola is 44% today and most rural areas lack access to electricity and other modern sources of energy. Combustible firewood continues to be one of the most used forms of energy in rural Angola for heating and cooking. The uncontrolled use of this resource has created some problems of deforestation, although limited to the peripheries of small towns and villages in rural areas. Charcoal, which is mostly used in urban areas, is normally produced unsustainably, since the felled trees are not replaced. [26] In 2016, the government developed the “Angola Energy 2025”, a document setting the objectives and targets for the electricity sector from 2018 to 2025.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1537,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"[26] In 2016, the government developed the “Angola Energy 2025”, a document setting the objectives and targets for the electricity sector from 2018 to 2025. According to this document, electricity supply is expected to increase, with new electricity projects under way and demand growth is expected to reach 7.2 GW by 2025, four times the current value, as a result of the electrification of 60% of the territory. This expansion will guarantee wider access of the population to electric energy and an increase in residential electricity consumption, thus contributing to national wealth growth, services improvement and industrial development [18]. In sum, infrastructure development and incentives to create supply will increase demand and electricity consumption which, in turn, is intrinsically associated with the expected economic development of the country. 2.5.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1538,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In sum, infrastructure development and incentives to create supply will increase demand and electricity consumption which, in turn, is intrinsically associated with the expected economic development of the country. 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Tertiary Sector Transports Road transport A country s economic and social development cannot be dissociated from the growth of national transport networks that accompany this growth. The growth forecasts for the country in the coming years, both in terms of population growth and the growth of its economy, have implications for emissions in the transport sector.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The roadway network covers about 75,000 km, 7,955 of which are paved. The main axis links the capital with the interior (East to West).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1539,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"At peak times, traffic in urban areas is very intense, and GHG emissions are especially aggravated because a large part of the country s car fleet is made up of old vehicles with old and inefficient engines. Most of the freight in Angola is transported by road on trucks. Rail transport The rail system in Angola consists of around 2.750 km, divided in three main railways that were built eastwards from the coast during colonial times, linking Angola’s key Atlantic ports to the interior. Many of these lines were destroyed during the 27-year-long civil war, but a programme of rehabilitation has been ongoing since 2005. The three railway lines are: • Caminhos de Ferro de Luanda (Luanda Railways - CFL): This links Luanda to Malanje in northern central Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1540,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The three railway lines are: • Caminhos de Ferro de Luanda (Luanda Railways - CFL): This links Luanda to Malanje in northern central Angola. • Caminhos de Ferro de Benguela (Benguela Railways - CFB): This links the Port of Lobito and Luau on the eastern border of the Democratic Republic of Congo (RDC). • Caminhos de Ferro Namibe (Moçâmedes Railways - CFM): This links the port of Namibe to the southern provinces of Cuando Cubango and Hull (town of Menongue) and on to the border of Namibia. Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] Maritime transportNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Regarding the maritime transport, Angola’s coastline stretches 1,600 kilometers and is served by numerous ports. The largest ports are Luanda, Lobito, Cabinda, Namibe and Soyo (Figure 5).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1541,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Services The services sector (banking, telecommunications, tourism and hospitality) is also growing rapidly, accounting for 48,7% of GDP and employing 41% of the population. Tourism is growing, although there is a severe shortage of hotels and other types of accommodation.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The construction sector is booming (9% of GDP), driven by a large reconstruction program launched by the government. Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1542,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%. 4 World Bank latest data (updated October 2020) 5 The industry sector consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water),Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 3. NDC REVISION PROCESS 3.1. Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1543,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020. Article 4.10 of the Paris Agreement calls on the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA1) to “consider common time frames” for nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The common time frame is necessary to monitor and review the effectiveness of NDC implementation as well as to aggregate the global number of emission reduction. Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2.,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1544,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2. Scope and coverage The NDC scope is fully aligned with the recent National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 (ENAC 2020-2035) and the coverage is nation-wide, and the gases covered include CO2 and N2O gases. The mitigation action of this NDC comprises 4 sectors, namely: Energy AFOLU Industry Waste The adaptation action of this NDC comprises 6 sectors, namely: Agriculture and Fisheries Coastal Zone Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Water resources Human Health Infra-structures 3.3. Revision process and NDC Enhancement The 2020 NDC reflects the feedback from stakeholders and is fully aligned with the development vision of the government. Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1545,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations. In reviewing the 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC), the government organized bilateral meetings, conducted during 2020-2021, in order to identify and discussNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 relevant measures to achieve the proposed target, responding to the main priorities of the country. Due to the global pandemic COVID-19 the bilateral meetings were developed through virtual platform. Guided discussions with relevant stakeholders focused on three elements: Review of iNDC options: What is the current status of these projects? What is the planned timing? What are the implementation arrangements and needs? Discussion of additional options: What other options could be applicable in Angola? What are the key challenges?","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1546,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Discussion of additional options: What other options could be applicable in Angola? What are the key challenges? What are the policy gaps and support needs? Identifying data sources and gaps: What are the existing information sources? Where are the key data gaps required for detailed analysis? The Angolan NDC was enhanced by adding measures and actions aimed at strengthening implementation. Also, new information on the most recent National Inventory of CO2 e emissions was added to the document. 3.4. Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1547,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola. MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1548,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts. Under the (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action, MCTA has the task of formulating, conducting, executing and controlling the policy related to the environment in a perspective of protection, preservation and conservation of environmental quality, pollution control, conservation areas and enhancement of the natural heritage, as well as the preservation and rational use of natural resources.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1549,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Under the (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action, MCTA has the task of formulating, conducting, executing and controlling the policy related to the environment in a perspective of protection, preservation and conservation of environmental quality, pollution control, conservation areas and enhancement of the natural heritage, as well as the preservation and rational use of natural resources. The National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action (DNAAC) is responsible for: Conceive, propose and implement the national environmental policy and the National Environmental Management Program; Guide, coordinate and supervise all the activity of the Ministry in accordance with the law; Ensure the correct application of the technical and scientific development policy for the sector s human resources;Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Guarantee the prosecution of laws and other legal instruments.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1550,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action (DNAAC) is responsible for: Conceive, propose and implement the national environmental policy and the National Environmental Management Program; Guide, coordinate and supervise all the activity of the Ministry in accordance with the law; Ensure the correct application of the technical and scientific development policy for the sector s human resources;Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Guarantee the prosecution of laws and other legal instruments. Its executive services also include the Climate Change Office, responsible for the implementation of the National Climate Change Program (NCCP) and the integration of policies leading to sustainability, GHG emission reduction, offset programs and projects, and the National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts responsible for ensuring the implementation of environmental policy in activities that are likely to cause significant harm to the environment.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1551,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Its executive services also include the Climate Change Office, responsible for the implementation of the National Climate Change Program (NCCP) and the integration of policies leading to sustainability, GHG emission reduction, offset programs and projects, and the National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts responsible for ensuring the implementation of environmental policy in activities that are likely to cause significant harm to the environment. In 2000, Angola created the Multisectoral Commission for the Environment, to deal with climate change issues under the UNFCCC. The Commission has the authority to establish sustainable development measures for various sectors, the implementation of strategies, policies, programs and actions related with environmental protection, as well as to convene agreements between different sectors with regard to environmental management programs.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1552,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Commission has the authority to establish sustainable development measures for various sectors, the implementation of strategies, policies, programs and actions related with environmental protection, as well as to convene agreements between different sectors with regard to environmental management programs. Also, a National Commission on Biodiversity and Climate Change (CIBAC) was created in 2012 (Presidential Order No. 10/12 of February 1) with the responsibility to create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of the National Strategy for Climate Change and for creating a national investment plan for climate change, biodiversity, drought and desertification. The Commission is coordinated by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment and integrates several ministries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1553,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Commission has the following duties: Agree on the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the conditions for the execution and implementation of the national plan for climate change; Create a national investment plan that integrates issues related to climate change, biodiversity, drought and desertification; Create centres of excellence for research and systematic observation of the climate system. A successful implementation of this NDC requires a close coordination and collaboration between MCTA and all potential stakeholders including the private sector, civil society and public institutions.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 IPCC’s latest report (2014)6 on the impact of global warming underlines the need for ambitious and immediate action to keep the Paris Agreement goals within reach, in particular the 1,5ºC temperature goal.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1554,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"A successful implementation of this NDC requires a close coordination and collaboration between MCTA and all potential stakeholders including the private sector, civil society and public institutions.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 IPCC’s latest report (2014)6 on the impact of global warming underlines the need for ambitious and immediate action to keep the Paris Agreement goals within reach, in particular the 1,5ºC temperature goal. The report warns that global mean surface temperature is likely to rise if the current trend on emissions continue. Through this NDC, Angola presents its ambition and its commitment to contribute to the Paris Agreement objectives.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1555,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Through this NDC, Angola presents its ambition and its commitment to contribute to the Paris Agreement objectives. Also, the country is committed to contribute towards achieving the objective of the Convention for the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, as set out in its Article 2. Angola’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline (2015) over the period 2015-2025. The contribution comprises of two components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 14% relative to BAU (2015) in the year 2025; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15,4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide e) in that year.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1556,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The contribution comprises of two components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 14% relative to BAU (2015) in the year 2025; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15,4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 10% relative to BAU in the year 2025; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 11,1 million tCO2 e e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1557,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 24% reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU scenario in 2025; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 26,5 million tCO2 e in 2025. 4.1.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1558,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 24% reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU scenario in 2025; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 26,5 million tCO2 e in 2025. 4.1.1. Source of information This NDC relies on relevant national and sectorial plans and strategies, namely: • National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 • National Development Plan for 2018-2022 • Angola Energia 2025 - Long-Term Vision for the Electricity Sector • Action Plan for the Energy and Water Sector 2013-2017Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 • Atlas and National Strategy for New Renewable Energies • Strategic Plan for New Environmental Technologies • Strategic Plan for Urban Waste Management in Angola (PESGRU) • National Energy Security Policy and Strategy • Long-term development strategy for Angola (Angola 2025) For the GHG inventory, the following data sources were considered: • Consolidated reports of activities in the oil and gas sector 4.1.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1559,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Source of information This NDC relies on relevant national and sectorial plans and strategies, namely: • National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 • National Development Plan for 2018-2022 • Angola Energia 2025 - Long-Term Vision for the Electricity Sector • Action Plan for the Energy and Water Sector 2013-2017Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 • Atlas and National Strategy for New Renewable Energies • Strategic Plan for New Environmental Technologies • Strategic Plan for Urban Waste Management in Angola (PESGRU) • National Energy Security Policy and Strategy • Long-term development strategy for Angola (Angola 2025) For the GHG inventory, the following data sources were considered: • Consolidated reports of activities in the oil and gas sector 4.1.2. Scope and Coverage Within the context of this NDC, Angola prioritizes the implementation of mitigation measures in the following main sectors: Energy AFOLU Industry Waste Energy The energy sector is fundamental to the economic and social development of Angola, allowing to improve the quality and welfare standards of the population.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1560,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Transport A country s economic and social development cannot be dissociated from the growth of national transport networks that accompany this growth. The growth forecasts for the country in the coming years, both in terms of population growth and the growth of its economy, haveNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 implications for emissions in the transport sector, resulting in a rise in global temperature and climate change. Waste Waste is one of the most complex problems in modern society, with its growth, parallel to economic development, and the difficulties inherent in its management taking on a great political and social importance.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1561,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Waste Waste is one of the most complex problems in modern society, with its growth, parallel to economic development, and the difficulties inherent in its management taking on a great political and social importance. When waste is not properly disposed of in landfills but in landfills or uncontrolled landfills, it becomes a problem for public health and contributes to the pollution of surface and groundwater, making it unfit for consumption. Industrial development, population growth and high growth rates in cities will continue leading to an increase of waste production in Angola. The Strategic Plan for the Management of Urban Waste (PESGRU) [7], approved in 2012, forms the basis for the definition of a strategy to solve the problem of urban waste management.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1562,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Strategic Plan for the Management of Urban Waste (PESGRU) [7], approved in 2012, forms the basis for the definition of a strategy to solve the problem of urban waste management. The development of the waste sector allows not only to minimize environmental and public health impacts, improving the well-being of the population, but also to create valuable jobs and by-products, being a sector with a high economic potential if well managed. Additionally, waste management contributes effectively to mitigating GHG emissions.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1563,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use According to the “Guidelines for Defining a Strategy for Exiting the Crisis Derived from the Fall in Oil Prices on the International Market” [17], agriculture will be a key sector for reducing oil dependence and diversifying the economy. The country is endowed with conditions conducive to agricultural and forestry practice, with great production potential all over the territory. Currently, the sector is of significant importance in the country, not only in terms of GDP, 9.9% in 2015, but also in terms of the amount of labour force it employs. One of the Government s objectives for the agricultural sector is to increase exports and reduce imports, with the aim of making the country self-sufficient regarding basic food products.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1564,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to capture carbon plays a vital role in reducing the increase of the planet s average temperatures. Forest ecosystems can capture and sequester large quantities of CO2 through the accumulation of aerial and underground biomass, and the deposit of organic matter accumulated in ground.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Forests are of great socioeconomic importance due to the use of wood as a fuel, building materials, and the use of other resources for food and medicinal purposes.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1565,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Forest ecosystems can capture and sequester large quantities of CO2 through the accumulation of aerial and underground biomass, and the deposit of organic matter accumulated in ground.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Forests are of great socioeconomic importance due to the use of wood as a fuel, building materials, and the use of other resources for food and medicinal purposes. The forest is thus a valuable resource for the country, not only because of the importance it has for the Angolan economy, providing countless socioeconomic and environmental benefits, but also in its fundamental role as a carbon sink and regulator of the balance of ecosystems, and should be explored. in a sustainable way.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1566,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this sense, it is for the fundamental Government that some mitigation measures are established for the forest sector that contribute to preserve this country s source of wealth. [20] Industry Considering the objective of diversifying the economy that the Angolan Government intends to promote in the coming years, both to respond to the oil crisis and to promote economic diversification in the context of its PMA graduation, the development of other industries in the country. The manufacturing industry, for instance, is expected to develop quite a lot short term. In this sense, the Government recognizes that the growth of economic activity must be sustained by the consumption of energy in a conscious and efficient way.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1567,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"From the point of view of security of energy supply, the production of electricity for self- consumption from cogeneration systems guarantees the supply of electricity in a reliable manner, avoiding power outages and the instability of the Angolan electrical networks, avoiding any damage that these may cause the machinery, in addition to the advantage of using an endogenous and abundant fuel that is produced in the country. In addition, cogeneration systems allow the heat generated in the combustion of natural gas to be used in the industrial process itself, increasing the efficiency of energy use. From an environmental point of view, replacing the use of diesel with natural gas in industry is a measure that will contribute to the reduction of GHG 4.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1568,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"From an environmental point of view, replacing the use of diesel with natural gas in industry is a measure that will contribute to the reduction of GHG 4.2. Reference point: National GHG Inventory The base year considered in this NDC is 2015, Angola’s latest GHG inventory data that was concluded in November 2020. Total greenhouse gas emissions in Angola is 99.992 ktCO2 e, which e per capita [38].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The GHG Inventory follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and emissions include CO2 O and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) values used are those determined by the IPCC for the IPCC Second Assessment Report.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1569,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Total greenhouse gas emissions in Angola is 99.992 ktCO2 e, which e per capita [38].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The GHG Inventory follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and emissions include CO2 O and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) values used are those determined by the IPCC for the IPCC Second Assessment Report. The most recent inventory considers the updated data in order to remain minimally consistent with the material of the 1st national inventory of Angola (2000 and 2005). The 1st inventory was prepared following the guidelines provided for in the IPCC Guide 1996. However, to apply the IPCC Guide 2006 it is necessary to carry out a contextualization, as the methods are substantially different.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1570,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, to apply the IPCC Guide 2006 it is necessary to carry out a contextualization, as the methods are substantially different. To conduct their inventories, countries use various methods to obtain data, including annual inventory, ten-year forest inventories, periodic surveys and remote sensing. Each of these data collection methods produces different types of information (for example, maps or tabs), at different reporting frequencies and with different attributes, which made it possible to calculate emissions for the sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1571,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Each of these data collection methods produces different types of information (for example, maps or tabs), at different reporting frequencies and with different attributes, which made it possible to calculate emissions for the sector. Table 5 - Global Warming Potential Gases GWP GHG emissions were calculated using the activity data for each source and their respective emission factor, according to the following formula: Since Angola does not have specific emission factors (own) until the present moment, for the elaboration of the GHG inventory, the emission factors by default of the 2006 IPCC Guides were used. Energy For this sector, greenhouse gas emissions were inventoried from the adoption of the Bottom-up methodology (or sectoral approach), in which those emissions are calculated from the final energy consumption.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1572,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Energy For this sector, greenhouse gas emissions were inventoried from the adoption of the Bottom-up methodology (or sectoral approach), in which those emissions are calculated from the final energy consumption. The sectoral approach made it possible to identify where and how emissions occur. CO2 emissions are dependent on the carbon content of fuels and can be estimated at a high level of aggregation and with reasonable precision. For non-CO2 gases, the IPCC default values were used. In addition to CO2, CH4 and N2O gases are estimated. For the calculation of national greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector, the Level - 1 calculation method was used. The survey of the information required for the calculation was carried out through consolidated reports of activities in the oil and gas.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1573,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"GHG emissions are calculated by knowing the activity data (fuel consumption or burning) for each source and its respective emission factor. Emissions = Activity Data x Emission FactorNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources Sector Category Sub-category Description Energy Fuel use activities Energy industries Electricity generation Transport Civil aviation, rail, sea and road transport Fugitive fuel emissions Oil and Natural Gas Residential Oil and Natural Gas Natural gas Oil Flaring Venting (atmospheric discharge) Emissions from the consumption of firewood and charcoal Residential Cooking Emissions in the charcoal Energy Industries Charcoal Production Waste The Waste sector includes CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions resulting from the final disposal and incineration of solid waste and wastewater treatment in the Republic of Angola, based on the application of the 2006 Guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1574,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Emissions = Activity Data x Emission FactorNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources Sector Category Sub-category Description Energy Fuel use activities Energy industries Electricity generation Transport Civil aviation, rail, sea and road transport Fugitive fuel emissions Oil and Natural Gas Residential Oil and Natural Gas Natural gas Oil Flaring Venting (atmospheric discharge) Emissions from the consumption of firewood and charcoal Residential Cooking Emissions in the charcoal Energy Industries Charcoal Production Waste The Waste sector includes CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions resulting from the final disposal and incineration of solid waste and wastewater treatment in the Republic of Angola, based on the application of the 2006 Guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The calculations related to emissions from the disposal of solid urban waste were made, considering primarily national data and when not available, default data from the IPCC was used.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1575,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The calculations related to emissions from the disposal of solid urban waste were made, considering primarily national data and when not available, default data from the IPCC was used. The parameters used for the calculation were: population, degradable organic carbon, gravimetric composition of the residues, rate of generation of residues per inhabitant, oxidation factor, methane recovery and IPCC default data. Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources Sector Category Sub-category Description Residues e effluents Disposal of solid waste Waste disposal in unmanaged sites Dumpsters Waste disposal in managed sites Landfills Incineration and open burning of waste Waste incineration Waste incineration Treatment and disposal of industrial effluents Treatment and disposal of domestic effluents Treatment and disposal of domestic effluents Treatment and disposal of industrial effluents Treatment and disposal of industrial effluentsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Agriculture & Livestock In the agricultural sector, the main greenhouse gases of interest are CO2 O and CH4 .","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1576,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources Sector Category Sub-category Description Residues e effluents Disposal of solid waste Waste disposal in unmanaged sites Dumpsters Waste disposal in managed sites Landfills Incineration and open burning of waste Waste incineration Waste incineration Treatment and disposal of industrial effluents Treatment and disposal of domestic effluents Treatment and disposal of domestic effluents Treatment and disposal of industrial effluents Treatment and disposal of industrial effluentsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Agriculture & Livestock In the agricultural sector, the main greenhouse gases of interest are CO2 O and CH4 . The Agricultural Division includes all emissions related to enteric fermentation, handling of animal manure, rice cultivation, burning of agricultural residues, agricultural soils, and liming.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1577,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Agricultural Division includes all emissions related to enteric fermentation, handling of animal manure, rice cultivation, burning of agricultural residues, agricultural soils, and liming. The subcategory Greenhouse Gas Emissions from burning biomass in agricultural crops referring to the category Aggregate sources and sources of non-CO2 gases on land were not included in the Emission Inventory by sources and removal by sinks of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Angola, given the low representativeness of these activities in the territory. Industry The industrial sector in Angola represents about 8% of the gross domestic product generated estimated at around US $ 100 billion in 2019. The main industries in the territory are the processing of oilseeds, cereals, meat, cotton, and tobacco.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1578,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The main industries in the territory are the processing of oilseeds, cereals, meat, cotton, and tobacco. Also noteworthy is the production of sugar, beer, cement, and wood, in addition to oil refining. Among the industries, tires, fertilizers, cellulose, glass, and steel stand out. The industrial sector is responsible for a considerable part of CO2 emissions, from burning fossil fuels, for example, in the production of cement, which are treated in the Energy sector. However, there are other sources of greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial sector. The table below shows which are the relevant subsectors considered for this sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1579,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The table below shows which are the relevant subsectors considered for this sector. Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources Sector Sub-sector Category Description Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) Mineral industry Cement production Cement production Lime Production Production of Dolomitic limestone and virgin lime Glass Production Glass Production Ceramics Production Bricks and Tiles Production Metal industries Production of Iron and Steel Alloys Production of Iron and Steel AlloysNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Forestry and Other Land Use The inventory also contains information on forests, land use and land use change. In terms of classification, area and sampling data that represent various categories of land use are needed to estimate carbon stocks, the emission and removal of greenhouse gases associated with the activities in which the IPCC 2006 guidelines summarize how the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1580,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In terms of classification, area and sampling data that represent various categories of land use are needed to estimate carbon stocks, the emission and removal of greenhouse gases associated with the activities in which the IPCC 2006 guidelines summarize how the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector. The classification presented formed the basis for estimating emissions and removals of greenhouse gases on the use of different types of data to represent land use categories and conversions between land use categories, so that they could be applied more appropriately. and consistent as possible in inventory calculations. The IPCC classification addresses land use in conjunction with agricultural activities.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1581,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The IPCC classification addresses land use in conjunction with agricultural activities. Such an economic activity must present its inventory calculations separately, as well as the Agriculture sector and not as a component sub-sector of the forest and land use sector. 4.2.2. GHG Emissions by sector Total GHG emissions for the year 2015 accounted for 99.992 ktCO2 e. Table 9 shows an emissions breakdown – total greenhouse gases, plus carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide individually – by sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1582,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"GHG Emissions by sector Total GHG emissions for the year 2015 accounted for 99.992 ktCO2 e. Table 9 shows an emissions breakdown – total greenhouse gases, plus carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide individually – by sector. Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector GHG emissions source (2015) e emissions Total % Agriculture & Livestock 6.544,911 7% Land Use and Land Use Change 70.360,442 70%Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are measured in tons of carbon-dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per person per year. This metric converts all greenhouse gases to CO2e based on their global warming potential value over a 100-year timescale7.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1583,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This metric converts all greenhouse gases to CO2e based on their global warming potential value over a 100-year timescale7. Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector GHG emissions source (2015) per capita e emissions Total % Agriculture & Livestock 0,25 7% Land Use and Land Use Change 7 The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1584,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases (e.g., to compile a national GHG inventory), and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases. GHG Emissions Energy Waste IPPU LULUCF AFOLUNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 In this chart we show how the average person’s emissions would be distributed across the different sectors – in effect, this shows the average ‘footprint’, measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents per year. Per capita emissions were calculated using the population for the year 2015 (26.681.590 inhab).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1585,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Per capita emissions were calculated using the population for the year 2015 (26.681.590 inhab). 4.3. Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario The BAU refers to a scenario that assumes that no mitigation policies or measures will be implemented further than those that are already in force and/or are legislated or planned to be adopted, i.e., the level of emissions that would take place without further policy effort. Projections were calculated using GACMO - The Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model (GACMO), developed by UNEP DTU Partnership. The BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the IPCC guidelines.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1586,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the IPCC guidelines. The mitigation measures were selected and prioritized based on consultation with stakeholders, which formed the basis for the calculation of the mitigation scenario, calculated using the GACMO model. According to BAU projections, and with no considerations for mitigation measures in the country, the GHG emissions in Angola are expected to keep rising for the next decade (Figure 7). Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDCNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 4.4. Mitigation Contribution In this NDC update, Angola sets the target of achieving those 15% of emission reduction by 2025, unconditionally.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1587,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Mitigation Contribution In this NDC update, Angola sets the target of achieving those 15% of emission reduction by 2025, unconditionally. In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 10% below BAU emission levels by 2025. To achieve that, several measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 11) and Conditional Contribution (Table 12). Additionally, in annex 9.2, measures to achieve Angola set of targets by 2030 are presented. Unconditionally, the target it is to achieve a 21% emission reduction by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 23,3 million tCO2 e in that year.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1588,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Unconditionally, the target it is to achieve a 21% emission reduction by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 23,3 million tCO2 e in that year. In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) – 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1589,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) – 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1590,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind. In terms, of hydro and solar power potential projects were considered from projects that were already identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. The hydroelectric capacity proposed to be installed in this scenario considers the Cambambe 2 project.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1591,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The hydroelectric capacity proposed to be installed in this scenario considers the Cambambe 2 project. The proposal for solar energy considers the Waku Kungo II and Lubango project. For reforestation, 50% of what was proposed for reduction in the INDC by 2030 (target 2030: 2032 ktCO2and sequestration) was considered. For the reduction of flaring, the information from the World Bank9 was used, which said in 2011 that Angola aimed to reduce flaring by 75%. In this scenario half of this reduction target was considered, compared to the value of flaring in 2015 (reported in the National Inventory).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1592,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this scenario half of this reduction target was considered, compared to the value of flaring in 2015 (reported in the National Inventory). For the solar villages it was considered as an assumption what was present in the PND 2013-2017, where the objective was the installation of 100 MW of solar PV in solar villages by 2025. For solar panels in industry a value of 2 MW was proposed, since ENAC did not make assumptions associated with this measure. Finally, composting, the capacity to send 500 ton/day of waste for composting was considered. 9 Angola’s Major Natural Gas Project to Cut Emissions from Flaring.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1593,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"9 Angola’s Major Natural Gas Project to Cut Emissions from Flaring. Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Conditional contributions Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) – 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets – 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting – 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1594,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Conditional contributions Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) – 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets – 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms – 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting – 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In this scenario, 4 additional measures were considered compared to the previous one.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1595,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In this scenario, 4 additional measures were considered compared to the previous one. For Biomass, solar and wind were considered the same projects and also the same installed capacity. Two measures about efficient lamps, one for solar luminaries in streets and one for natural gas buses, also proposed at ENAC, but without assumptions. It was considered the implementation of 2000 units for each of these four measures. Hydroelectric power was considered a potential project, some of the projects already identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola (2199 MW).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1596,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Hydroelectric power was considered a potential project, some of the projects already identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola (2199 MW). In addition to Cambambe 2 already considered in de unconditional scenario, three more projects were added the Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2). The program called NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions), brought the opportunity for the implementation 15 MW to replace the use of diesel in three commercial farms in Angola was considered in this scenario as a small-scale solar panel. For the Mini-hydro, 150 MW were considered, coming from 3 projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1597,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For the Mini-hydro, 150 MW were considered, coming from 3 projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For solar villages and solar panels in industry, the value used in the unconditional 2025 scenario was doubled in this scenario. In the flaring reduction, 75% of the target considered in the unconditional scenario was considered.Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The Paris Agreement states that one of its aims is to increase “the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development” (Article 2).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1598,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In the flaring reduction, 75% of the target considered in the unconditional scenario was considered.Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The Paris Agreement states that one of its aims is to increase “the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development” (Article 2). It also established the global goal of “enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience, and reducing vulnerability to climate change” (Article 7). In this context, Angola recognizes the importance of adaptation in strengthening domestic resilience to the impacts of climate change and has decided to include adaptation in the NDC.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1599,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"While inclusion of adaptation in the NDC is voluntary, countries are encouraged by the Paris Agreement (Article 7) to submit an adaptation communication to report on adaptation. The present chapter – Adaptation Contribution – serves as this adaptation communication for Angola. The process involved an extensive review of relevant documents on climate adaptation that have been developed over time starting with the National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 and the associated sectors working papers. 5.1.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1600,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The process involved an extensive review of relevant documents on climate adaptation that have been developed over time starting with the National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 and the associated sectors working papers. 5.1.1. Source of information The main document considered for this NDC update was the National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035, which was developed after a long process of consultation with stakeholders and of document review, namely: National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2011 National Development Plan 2018-2022; Long-Term Development Strategy for Angola 2025; National Health Development Plan 2012-2025; Medium-Term Development Plan for the Agrarian Sector 2018-2022; National Action Program to Combat Desertification; National Development Plan (PDN) Disaster Preparedness, Contingency, Response and Recovery Plan for the period 2014- Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Prevention and Reduction; Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Plan for the period 2018-2022 Recently, in 2019, Angola elaborated its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone, identifying the main vulnerabilities of this area to the impacts of climate change, as well as several adaptation measures to adapt the territory to those expected impacts.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1601,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Source of information The main document considered for this NDC update was the National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035, which was developed after a long process of consultation with stakeholders and of document review, namely: National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2011 National Development Plan 2018-2022; Long-Term Development Strategy for Angola 2025; National Health Development Plan 2012-2025; Medium-Term Development Plan for the Agrarian Sector 2018-2022; National Action Program to Combat Desertification; National Development Plan (PDN) Disaster Preparedness, Contingency, Response and Recovery Plan for the period 2014- Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Prevention and Reduction; Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Plan for the period 2018-2022 Recently, in 2019, Angola elaborated its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone, identifying the main vulnerabilities of this area to the impacts of climate change, as well as several adaptation measures to adapt the territory to those expected impacts. This plan is an outcomeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 of the National Strategy for Climate Change, as it is one of the adaptation measures proposed for the Coastal Zone sector 5.1.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1602,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This plan is an outcomeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 of the National Strategy for Climate Change, as it is one of the adaptation measures proposed for the Coastal Zone sector 5.1.1. Scope and Coverage Within the context of this NDC, Angola prioritizes the implementation of adaptation measures in the following main sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries Coastal Zone Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Water resources Human Health Infra-structures Agriculture and Fisheries Climate change requires farmers to adapt to new agronomic practices such as conservation agriculture, growing of drought tolerant crops, precision agriculture (which in turn also requires a better access to input for seeds and fertilizers) and agro-forestry amongst others in order to improve productivity.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1603,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The impacts of climate change in Angola are likely to be strongly felt in fisheries: according to the conclusions of the fifth IPCC evaluation report, Angola is among the most vulnerable countries in terms of the impact of the climate on their fisheries. By 2050 the value of fisheries in West Africa, including Angola, is expected to decrease 21%, resulting in a loss of $ 311 million in revenue from this economic activity. The level increase and the increase in water temperature will also have an impact on the major currents of the Angolan seacoast (Benguela and Gulf of Guinea), with subsequent changes in the levels of salinity and existing marine ecosystems.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1604,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Mindful of the challenge of climate change on marine resources, in the Strategic Action Plan of the Benguela Current Convention, Angola, Namibia and South Africa seek to introduce an ecosystem approach to fisheries management. For the 2018-2022 period, the Government advocated as general objectives of the sector the promotion of competitiveness and the development of industrial and artisanal fisheries in a sustainable way, also providing for the improvement of infrastructures and the development of aquaculture. In this context, the African Development Bank, in partnership with FAO, approvedNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 in 2013 a project to support the development of artisanal fisheries in Angola, which should start in 2019.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1605,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In this context, the African Development Bank, in partnership with FAO, approvedNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 in 2013 a project to support the development of artisanal fisheries in Angola, which should start in 2019. At the same time, the creation of support centers for artisanal fisheries was recently announced with a view to supporting fishing activities by local communities, in particular, seeking to improve the income of fishing communities, increasing revenues, managing marine resources and maritime safety. The first support center is under construction since January 2017 in the Salinas community, on the coast of the city of Sumbe (Cuanza Sul).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1606,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The first support center is under construction since January 2017 in the Salinas community, on the coast of the city of Sumbe (Cuanza Sul). In these circumstances, it is essential to give due continuity to the activities carried out in the context of the enhancement of marine resources in order to ensure the sustainable development and resilience of the Angolan fishing sector. Coastal Zone The coastline is an area with great potential and of relevance to the country due to its fishing capacity, the natural resources it contains and its potential for tourism and recreation, relevant to the universe of flora and fauna and the resulting benefits for society.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1607,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In recent years, Angola has been facing several problems with natural disasters, namely in the rainy season and mainly due to construction in risk areas, with an estimated 10% of the Angolan population living in risk areas. It is predicted that the increase in the average level of the sea waters could reach 0.13m-0.56m in 2090, compared to the years 1980-1999 affecting densely populated areas such as the areas closest to the ocean and the city of Luanda. This rise in level is a serious threat to the coastal population and is responsible for the destruction of infrastructure as well as its corresponding impact on the country s development and on the national economy.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1608,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola has a wide range of ecosystems and a large surface area is covered with shrubs and savannas. The tropical humid forests are found mainly in the provinces of Cabinda, Zaire, Uíge, Kwanza Norte and Kwanza Sul. These are areas of high relevance with regard to the biodiversity they support and therefore their protection is necessary.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The sustainable use of forests and related agroforestry products is hampered by the lack of adequate legal instruments and limited management capacity. However, there is still much untapped economic potential with regard to the country s forest and wildlife resources11.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1609,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, there is still much untapped economic potential with regard to the country s forest and wildlife resources11. The impacts of the indirect effects of climate change such as floods, severe droughts and soil erosion will have implications for the increase in displacement and loss of species and also for the increased risk of fire in forests. Stress to flora and fauna caused by variations in climate will condition the life of species, which can cause extinctions. The increase in soil erosion and flooding may affect the distribution and resilience of Angolan biodiversity12.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1610,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The increase in soil erosion and flooding may affect the distribution and resilience of Angolan biodiversity12. The impacts of the indirect effects of climate change such as floods, severe droughts and soil erosion will have implications for the increase in displacement and loss of species and also for the increased risk of fire in forests. Stress to flora and fauna caused by variations in climate will condition the life of species, which can cause extinctions. The increase in soil erosion and flooding may affect the distribution and resilience of Angolan biodiversity. Water Resources Angola is a country abundant in water resources, with sufficient availability to satisfy all drinking water needs, if supported by adequate storage, supply, treatment, and distribution infrastructures.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1611,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Although Angola is making a notable effort in terms of adapting to climate change, namely through the adaptation project in the Cuvelai Basin, there is a need to deepen the knowledge and information related to water resources. Currently, the existing data is not sufficient to formulate a robust assessment of the sources of water supply and the magnitude of the impacts of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. In addition, the mechanisms and technical capacities available for climate monitoring are insufficient to support the realization of long-term climate projections. In 1974, Angola had an extensive weather network, with more than 500 weather stations across the country. However, the number of weather stations has been drastically reduced over the years, and there are now about 20.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1612,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"However, the number of weather stations has been drastically reduced over the years, and there are now about 20. In these circumstances, the deepening of knowledge and the establishment of robust systems for monitoring watersheds and models for forecasting precipitation with new weather stations will support the creation of efficient systems for preventing and alerting extreme weather events, getting more frequent in Angola. 11 FAO, 2012. Angola Country Programming Framework 2013-2017. 12 USAID, 2011.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Human Health The human health has clear links to climate variability through both direct exposure as well as indirect pathways. Obviously, negative health impacts come from extreme climate events, such as heat waves, hurricanes/storms, floods and droughts.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1613,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Obviously, negative health impacts come from extreme climate events, such as heat waves, hurricanes/storms, floods and droughts. Gradual changes of climate affecting water, food and air quality also have negative influence on human health around the world. Additionally, various studies have shown that under climate change scenario, the spread of climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria and diarrhea would increase, and food production would decline resulting in malnutrition. The incidence of malaria in Angola is one of the highest in the African continent, with more than 3 million people affected today. This disease is the main cause of death in the country (130 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014), affecting the child population in a remarkable way (around 33% of perinatal deaths).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1614,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This disease is the main cause of death in the country (130 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014), affecting the child population in a remarkable way (around 33% of perinatal deaths). It is estimated that about 37% of households are located in areas with environmental diseases such as malaria, diarrhea and cholera, and that about 50% of households living in coastal areas do not have access to piped water. The high temperatures and changes in precipitation (for example, extreme rainy periods) resulting from climate change lead to the prolongation and, consequently, to the favorable conditions for exponential growth of species of mosquitoes that transmit malaria and other diseases, increasing the number cases and deaths.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1615,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In order to effectively combat the spread of tropical diseases, it is necessary to provide Angola with knowledge about the relationship between epidemics and extreme climatic events, about the most effective treatments and how to combat their transmission, based on a continuous monitoring of the number and evolution of patients that allows the identification of patterns. In addition, the “Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan in Africa for the Health sector 2012- 2016” [6] prioritizes the identification of risks to human health resulting from extreme climate effects, as well as the strengthening of the health systems of the signatory countries ( including Angola), with a view to strengthening the national capacity to prevent and respond to threats to human health.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1616,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In addition, the “Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan in Africa for the Health sector 2012- 2016” [6] prioritizes the identification of risks to human health resulting from extreme climate effects, as well as the strengthening of the health systems of the signatory countries ( including Angola), with a view to strengthening the national capacity to prevent and respond to threats to human health. Infrastructures Angola s urbanization scenario for the next years will influence the transport sector, leading to an increase in the road network, mainly residential.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1617,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Damaged roads and bridges leads to the isolation of communities, difficulties in accessing health and medical emergency services, and may even compromise the evacuation routes of the village in the face of smells, impeding access to schools, workplaces, shops and markets, they interrupt the traffic of goods, leading to a loss of productive capacity and can lead to increased costs for establishing alternative transport routes. In the long term, there may be an increase in roadNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 maintenance costs, especially when they are not well planned to adapt to future weather events, compromising the growth of the economy and the safety of the population. 5.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1618,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In the long term, there may be an increase in roadNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 maintenance costs, especially when they are not well planned to adapt to future weather events, compromising the growth of the economy and the safety of the population. 5.2. Adaptation Contribution Angola is already experiencing the adverse effects of climate change and recognizes that will seriously undermine efforts towards resilience building, sustainable development and eradicating poverty. In parallel with the mitigation efforts, it is necessary to develop balanced adaptation actions that allow to minimize the impacts of climate change efficiently and ensure the sustainability of Angola s development.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1619,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"WASH infrastructure, services and behaviours are sustainable, safe and resilient to climate- related risks. This goes hand-in-hand with the sustainable use, protection and management of surface and groundwater resources, and resilient waste management; 2. Resilient WASH programmes contribute to building community resilience to help them adapt to the impacts of climate change. To achieve this, inequalities in service provision that disproportionately expose vulnerable groups to climate threats, or restrict their capacity to respond effectively, need to be addressed first. Further WASH contributions to community resilience can be achieved through creating systems that connect communities with local authorities in order to enable their integration into response plans, capacity development and by fostering income generation, as well as food, energy and ecosystem resilience; 3.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1620,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1621,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1622,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project “Promotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach” in the Luanda-Uíge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1623,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project “Promotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach” in the Luanda-Uíge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 219}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1624,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Build flood protection barriers along the main rivers (vegetation or physical barriers).,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1625,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Build flood protection barriers along the main rivers (vegetation or physical barriers). Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Create a water quality monitoring system for consumption in the main sources of drinking water Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Human Health Implement an early warning system, involving the Civil Protection and the National Institute of Meteorology, in order to reinforce public health contingency and emergency plans in the face of the effects of extreme weather events Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Infrastructures Continuously update the territorial register Increased soil instability and landslide 5,00Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1626,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Create a water quality monitoring system for consumption in the main sources of drinking water Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Human Health Implement an early warning system, involving the Civil Protection and the National Institute of Meteorology, in order to reinforce public health contingency and emergency plans in the face of the effects of extreme weather events Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Infrastructures Continuously update the territorial register Increased soil instability and landslide 5,00Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6. MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION Angola will require finance, capacity building, technology transfer, partnerships and country driven policy process and institutional arrangements, in order to fully implement the mitigation and adaptation contributions contained in this NDC.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1627,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The main barriers were identified together with the main stakeholders, and are as follow: Absence or unavailability of basic scientific information, with appropriate details (spatial and/or temporal); Absence or unavailability of diagnostic and characterization exercises that include the inclusion of modelling/projections, as well as their implementation in risk mapping and vulnerability analysis; Disarticulation of the update and/or review processes; Procedural delay and high costs associated with updating and/or reviewing processes; Gaps in the level of technical knowledge in the entities responsible for preparing and approving projects, plans and programs; Gaps in the processes of early involvement of key players and in the development of communication and public mobilization strategies aimed at the various social and economic agents, with consequent resistance to changing behaviors; Budgetary constraints, leading to dilution of priorities over time; Limited budgets from the State to create an enabling environment for resource mobilization to encourage private sector investment; Lack of binding administrative tools that allow intervention in certain areas. Angola is committed to overcome the identified barriers.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6.2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 173}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1628,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola is committed to overcome the identified barriers.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6.2. Institutional arrangements required for effective NDC implementation Angola’s NDC is based on and aligned with several existing national policies, namely the National Strategy for Climate Change, which was developed considering major national policies, strategies and plans. NDC will be implemented across Ministries in charge of core NDC mitigation and adaptation contributions with the coordination oversight of MCTA. For an efficient implementation of the NDC, it will be essential to ensure good coordination and correct allocation of responsibilities, define regulations and legislation and adopt an integrated monitoring, reporting and verification system. The overriding national implementation arrangement will guide the integration of NDC priority interventions in the broad sectoral planning.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1629,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The overriding national implementation arrangement will guide the integration of NDC priority interventions in the broad sectoral planning. The institutional arrangements proposed for NDC implementation are aligned with ENAC 2020- 2035. 6.2.1. Coordination for NDC implementation The Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment is responsible for the theme of climate change, having for this purpose the Office of Climate Change. This body is responsible for monitoring and participating in Angola in international policy on climate change, being responsible for reporting Angola to UNFCCC, as well as coordinating Angola s participation in the parties conferences (COP) organized by UNFCCC. The Climate Change Office is the Designated National Authority (DNA) of Angola, responsible for the authorization and participation of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1630,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"It is also proposed to establish two Committees, the Executive Committee and the Technical Committee in order to guarantee a more operational character and greater efficiency in the Commission s results, particularly with regard to the articulation between the different sectors. The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate the integration of climate change policies in the various sectors of the economy and at the provincial level; Prepare an opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Prepare a recommendation opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Develop guidelines for planning and preparing NDC progress assessment reports; Promote public discussion on climate change; Establish an NDC monitoring secretariat.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1631,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate the integration of climate change policies in the various sectors of the economy and at the provincial level; Prepare an opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Prepare a recommendation opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Develop guidelines for planning and preparing NDC progress assessment reports; Promote public discussion on climate change; Establish an NDC monitoring secretariat. Composition Executive Committee, composed of the Minister of the relevant Ministerial Departments, to meet at least quarterly.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1632,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Technical Committee, composed of focal points technical offices of the relevant Ministerial Departments, to meet at least once a month Indicators Elaboration of annual activity plans Creation of working groups to discuss the theme of climate change in the various sectors Meetings held Periodic publication of documents within the scope of Angola s obligations under the UNFCCC (National Communication, INDC, BUR) The National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity must be a medium where the exchange of ideas has a central value, recognizing the enriching role it can play for the country. This secretariat should promote public discussion on its own initiative, on issues related to climateNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 change, as well as carry out information actions on climate change, both for the general public and in schools, also bearing in mind the promotion of gender equality in participation.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1633,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"This secretariat should promote public discussion on its own initiative, on issues related to climateNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 change, as well as carry out information actions on climate change, both for the general public and in schools, also bearing in mind the promotion of gender equality in participation. public. In addition, it is important to establish, within the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment, namely within the Climate Change Office, an NDC monitoring secretariat, which allows the performance of the implementation of the measures registered here to be evaluated, and which is an open way for receiving suggestions from the public, private or public opinion.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1634,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In addition, it is important to establish, within the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment, namely within the Climate Change Office, an NDC monitoring secretariat, which allows the performance of the implementation of the measures registered here to be evaluated, and which is an open way for receiving suggestions from the public, private or public opinion. The results of these assessments must be kept in electronic form, to be subsequently integrated into the future Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system of Angolan climate policy. An approach to the specifications of the MRV system in Angola is carried out in subchapter 6.6. The conceptual coordination model proposed for NDC, aligned with ENAC 2020-2035, is shown in Figure 8.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1635,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The conceptual coordination model proposed for NDC, aligned with ENAC 2020-2035, is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC ImplementationNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 6.2.2. Responsibilities and Strategic Partnerships required NDC implementation requires coordination across partners to mobilize resources, deliver complementary services and monitor progress. It will be essential to develop international partnerships to finance the low carbon economy in Angola, through bilateral or multilateral agreements, which allow the flow of resources to permeate the different sectors (energy, industry, mobility, etc. ), inducing effective actions of reduction of GHG emissions. A NDC Partnership Plan, a catalyst document to support the implementation of NDC 2020-2025 should be developed.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1636,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"A NDC Partnership Plan, a catalyst document to support the implementation of NDC 2020-2025 should be developed. The NDC Partnership Plan development exercise should involve government institutions at central and provincial levels, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, academia and all sector considered in this NDC. To guarantee an efficient implementation of NDC, it is essential to define the different actors and their role and responsibilities, Table 16.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1637,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Private sector • Take advantage of investment lines to develop mitigation and adaptation projects; • Participate in the provision of data for the national GHG inventory; • Mobilize international investment funds to improve process efficiency and make more rational use of energy; • Cooperate with the Government in the establishment of projects that mitigate climate change; • Actively participate in the definition of sectoral policies for climate change. Civil society • Adopt more conscious daily behaviours, which lead to a smaller carbon footprint;Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 • Promote community mitigation and adaptation projects; • Participate in the global effort to fight the effects of climate change in Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1638,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Civil society • Adopt more conscious daily behaviours, which lead to a smaller carbon footprint;Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 • Promote community mitigation and adaptation projects; • Participate in the global effort to fight the effects of climate change in Angola. Universities / research institutes • Develop scientific knowledge in the area of climate change; • Include climate change content in university programs; • Train citizens who are aware and aware of the urgency to act on the effects of climate change. 6.3. Capacity building and technology transfer required Under the Paris Agreement, developed countries have also committed to provide technology transfer and capacity building to developing countries. Many developing countries will require enhanced capacities to effectively track inflows of bilateral and multilateral resources and support and identify pending gaps and needs.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1639,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The National Strategy for Climate Change identifies capacity needs to succeed the targets of each mitigation and adaptation measure. Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change education in schools and university, as education is an essential component and a facilitator for responding to global climate change.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 164}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1640,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change education in schools and university, as education is an essential component and a facilitator for responding to global climate change. Angola’s goals related to capacity building training and education are presented in the table below.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1641,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Financial requirements An initial assessment of the funding requirements for the identified measures is described below and implementation costs will be refined as more evidence-based information is obtained. The total estimated cost for Angola’s identified NDC mitigation contribution through 2025 is estimated at around 44 billion USD and 144 million USD for adaptation contribution, representing a combined funding requirement of around 44.1 billion USD, across sectors. The Table 18 summarizes the estimated funding needs. For both mitigation and adaptation combined, the mitigation unconditional contribution, account for around 99.7% of the total estimated funding requirements, and the adaptation contribution around 0.3%.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1642,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For both mitigation and adaptation combined, the mitigation unconditional contribution, account for around 99.7% of the total estimated funding requirements, and the adaptation contribution around 0.3%. Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs Contribution Unconditional (million USD) Conditional (million USD) Total (million USD) Total (%)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Lack of funds is the main obstacle to development and implementation of actions that may assist in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The funding issue is also a major impediment to national research and development efforts, as well as to human and institutional capacity. Thus, climate finance leveraged by Angola is a key factor for NDC success in implementing its mitigation, adaptation and capacity building initiatives. 6.5. Funding options Angola’s contribution will be implemented with both domestic and international support.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1643,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Negotiations on Article 6 are currently underway, and the country is following the opportunities that can arise from the future carbon market. In addition, Article 13 of the Paris Agreement establishes a transparency framework to provide a clear understanding of climate change action, mutual trust and confidence that involves reporting data in a regular basis. 6.5.1. National Framework for Climate Finance Since Angola ratified the UNFCCC in 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, it has managed to use some of the international financial instruments for climate action and at national level to mobilize public and private funds for mitigation and adaptation measures.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1644,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"National Framework for Climate Finance Since Angola ratified the UNFCCC in 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, it has managed to use some of the international financial instruments for climate action and at national level to mobilize public and private funds for mitigation and adaptation measures. However, the level of financing necessary for the development of the measures indicated in previous chapters is still lower comparing to the real needs that the country presents. At theNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 national level, Angola has been experiencing a sharp slowdown in its economic growth for some years, motivated by the drop in oil production, with a negative impact on the internal capacity to finance all of its economic activity.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1645,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"At theNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 national level, Angola has been experiencing a sharp slowdown in its economic growth for some years, motivated by the drop in oil production, with a negative impact on the internal capacity to finance all of its economic activity. In accessing international financing, it is important to highlight the current PMA graduation process which, despite being a process that reflects national economic and social development, will have some disadvantages in accessing finance in the international markets from which LDCs benefit: 1. Special and differential treatment in the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely longer periods in the implementation of multilateral agreements and commitments; 2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1646,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Special and differential treatment in the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely longer periods in the implementation of multilateral agreements and commitments; 2. Public Development Aid: the international community has committed a series of financing lines to support LDCs (Example: Angola received financial assistance from the Least Developed Countries Fund which is exclusive to LDCs); 3. Preferential market access: Preferential market access gives LDC exporters the right to benefit from lower tariffs or even exemption from customs duties. The section below describes the main financial instruments, national and international, available and used by Angola in its climate finance. National Climate Finance At the national level, Angola has a relatively small set of financing lines for mitigation and adaptation measures.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1647,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"National Climate Finance At the national level, Angola has a relatively small set of financing lines for mitigation and adaptation measures. The main instrument used by the Government for the management and conservation of the environment is the National Environment Fund (FNA). In addition, there are other instruments and funds capitalized through the state budget that support climate projects and programs. Table 19 describes these national funds briefly. Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação National Environment Fund (FNA)15 Description The FNA was created in January 2011 and is administratively supervised by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1648,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação National Environment Fund (FNA)15 Description The FNA was created in January 2011 and is administratively supervised by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment. Its objectives are: Financially support the management, promotion and conservation of the environment; Contribute to the promotion of activities related to the rational management of environmental protection areas, rehabilitation or recovery of degraded areas; Support technical and scientific activities for the introduction of clean technologies; Support the activity of civil society. Financing sources Budget appropriations; Percentage of the values of environmental licensing fees; 15 MINEA (2017).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Percentage of fines applied; Proceeds from the sale of the seal or certificate of clean technologies; Values from pollutant emission rates; Compensation and compensation.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1649,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Financing sources Budget appropriations; Percentage of the values of environmental licensing fees; 15 MINEA (2017).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Percentage of fines applied; Proceeds from the sale of the seal or certificate of clean technologies; Values from pollutant emission rates; Compensation and compensation. National Electricity Fund (FUNEL)[18] Description FUNEL intends to support the fulfilment of the Angola Energia 2025 vision by supporting rural electrification programs. The fund s allocations, rules and management will be carried out by the National Institute of Rural Electrification (INER). Its objectives are: Support renewable energy projects connected to the grid; Finance or subsidize rural electrification; Support the distribution of improved solar lanterns and ovens, manufactured in Angola; The performance of CDM procedures reverting their benefits to the financing of rural electrification.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1650,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Its objectives are: Support renewable energy projects connected to the grid; Finance or subsidize rural electrification; Support the distribution of improved solar lanterns and ovens, manufactured in Angola; The performance of CDM procedures reverting their benefits to the financing of rural electrification. Financing sources State financing via concessions; Articulation with the Sovereign Fund of Angola (FSDEA), which will seek to take a minority stake in larger projects; Collaboration with local banks for credit lines; Cooperation with international entities to maximize obtaining non-repayable financing. Support Fund for Agricultural Development in Angola (FADA) Description Created under Executive Decree no. 40/87, FADA was reactivated in October 2016, under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance, as a “specialized financial institution” designed to support the country s agricultural development policy.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1651,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"40/87, FADA was reactivated in October 2016, under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance, as a “specialized financial institution” designed to support the country s agricultural development policy. According to government data, the agriculture sector adds more than 80% of the country s labour force and represents less than 10% of the national GDP. The fund is intended to be an instrument to boost agriculture, one of the priority sectors for the diversification of the national economy. The Government intends to develop the sector by promoting the local, regional and national economy and being a driving force for compliance with SDG 2: Eradicate hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Financing sources Tax revenue associated with the import of agricultural products; State budget.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1652,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Financing sources Tax revenue associated with the import of agricultural products; State budget. Angola Sovereign Fund (FSDEA)[46] Description On November 20, 2008, the President of Angola, José Eduardo dos Santos, announced the establishment of a special commission to create the basis for a new Sovereign Wealth Fund (FSR) in order to promote growth, prosperity and socio-economic development in Angola. In 2011, the Fund was legally ratified and officially established as the Angola Sovereign Fund in 2012, with an initialNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 allocation of US $ 5 billion. Its objective is to promote the social and economic development of Angola, generating wealth for the Angolan people. Financing sources FSDEA is capitalized with revenues from oil exports and an important part of its investments are allocated to national energy conversion.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1653,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Financing sources FSDEA is capitalized with revenues from oil exports and an important part of its investments are allocated to national energy conversion. FSDEA has already allocated $ 1.1 billion to a venture capital fund for the infrastructure sector with capital-intensive investments in the energy, transport and industry sectors. In terms of agriculture, FSDEA has allocated $ 250 million. FSDEA expects that its investments in the agricultural sector will contribute decisively to economic growth in Angola and other regions of the continent by increasing the revenues from this activity. Despite the existence of these climate finance instruments, the financial allocation to mitigation and adaptation measures may be further enhanced with greater financial availability and in order to cover all priority sectors / domains.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1654,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Despite the existence of these climate finance instruments, the financial allocation to mitigation and adaptation measures may be further enhanced with greater financial availability and in order to cover all priority sectors / domains. International Climate Finance In terms of international climate finance, the following instruments used by Angola to finance mitigation and / or adaptation to climate change projects are identified [5], Table 20. Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation Least Developed Countries Fund [50] By the end of 2016, 4 adaptation projects were approved in Angola with a total grant amount exceeding USD 25 million and channeled through the following DFIs: African Development Bank (AfDB), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Organization United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1655,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation Least Developed Countries Fund [50] By the end of 2016, 4 adaptation projects were approved in Angola with a total grant amount exceeding USD 25 million and channeled through the following DFIs: African Development Bank (AfDB), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Organization United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The overall amount of co-financing for these projects amounted to approximately US $ 90 million. GEF Trust Fund By the end of 2016, 2 projects in Angola (1 for mitigation and 1 for adaptation) with a total grant amount exceeding US$ 7 million and channelled through the following DFIs were approved: United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1656,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"GEF Trust Fund By the end of 2016, 2 projects in Angola (1 for mitigation and 1 for adaptation) with a total grant amount exceeding US$ 7 million and channelled through the following DFIs were approved: United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The global co-financing value of these projects amounted to approximately US $ 36 million. Carbon Markets (MDL)16 Angola has only one project registered under the CDM mechanism, the Gove hydroelectric power station. The project was registered in 2014 and has the potential to reduce 126,118 tCO2 e / year. By the end of 2016 the project had not issued any certified emission reduction (CER) and therefore had no access to finance from developed countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1657,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"By the end of 2016 the project had not issued any certified emission reduction (CER) and therefore had no access to finance from developed countries. 16 See section 6.1.1. Carbon MarketsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola also benefited from funding from a number of financial and bilateral institutions that include the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the European Development Fund (EDF), the French Fund for the World Environment (FFEM), German cooperation through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), UNDP and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, or in English UNEP - United Nations Environment Program).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1658,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Carbon MarketsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola also benefited from funding from a number of financial and bilateral institutions that include the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the European Development Fund (EDF), the French Fund for the World Environment (FFEM), German cooperation through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), UNDP and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, or in English UNEP - United Nations Environment Program). Angola also benefited from the Fast-Start financing program that was agreed upon at COP15, in 2009, in which developed countries pledged to channel resources worth around US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010 and 2012 to support efforts in developing countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1659,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Angola also benefited from the Fast-Start financing program that was agreed upon at COP15, in 2009, in which developed countries pledged to channel resources worth around US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010 and 2012 to support efforts in developing countries. In a global way, Angola should take advantage of the main international financial instruments already identified (Green Climate Fund, Adaptation Fund GEF Trust Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund, Special Climate Change Trust Fund) and maximize the use of existing national funds (Fundo Nacional do Environment, National Electricity Fund, Support Fund for Agricultural Development of Angola and Sovereign Fund of Angola) in order to cover all identified mitigation and adaptation sectors / domains. 6.5.1.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1660,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In a global way, Angola should take advantage of the main international financial instruments already identified (Green Climate Fund, Adaptation Fund GEF Trust Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund, Special Climate Change Trust Fund) and maximize the use of existing national funds (Fundo Nacional do Environment, National Electricity Fund, Support Fund for Agricultural Development of Angola and Sovereign Fund of Angola) in order to cover all identified mitigation and adaptation sectors / domains. 6.5.1. Carbon Markets Carbon markets have played an important role in channeling climate finance for mitigation since 2005, when the Kyoto Protocol came into force. The main mechanism defined in Article 12 of the Protocol was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1661,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The main mechanism defined in Article 12 of the Protocol was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This mechanism was designed with two main objectives: to support developed countries to achieve their emission reduction objectives in a cost-effective manner and to support developing countries and those least advanced in sustainable development. The mechanism allows the financing of emission reduction projects through the certification and transaction of certified emission reductions (Certified Emission Reduction - CER). By the end of the first quarter of 2017, more than 7,700 projects had been registered and more than 1.7 billion emission reductions had been certified. For the period between 2007 and 2011, it was estimated by the UNFCCC that the financial transactions of CERs totalled around 9.5 billion dollars.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1662,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For the period between 2007 and 2011, it was estimated by the UNFCCC that the financial transactions of CERs totalled around 9.5 billion dollars. A significant part of this value was mobilized by the private sector. However, the market generated by the CDM has suffered a drastic reduction in value since 2011 as a result of the main CER buyer market, the European Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), defining a very significant reduction in CER usage limits. As a result of the level of demand having drastically reduced, RECs are no longer desirable for public and private actors to allocate financial resources to mitigation projects in developing countries.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1663,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The role of carbon markets in global climate finance is still considered very relevant by a considerable number of countries and regions. By the end of 2019, around 40 countries and more than 20 cities, states and regions used carbon markets as climatic instruments, which represents about 13% of annual GHG emissions worldwide [25].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 A positive trend observed in the African continent was the growth of CDM programmatic approaches (from English, Program of Activities - PoA17) that allowed to extend the channelling of climate finance in countries and regions that are still under-represented. The CDM is part of a type of financing called Results-based-finance (RBF) that channels funds into projects and programs through the achievement of verified objectives.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1664,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The CDM is part of a type of financing called Results-based-finance (RBF) that channels funds into projects and programs through the achievement of verified objectives. There has been a significant growth in this type of financing in recent years. The Green Climate Fund, for example, is considering this type of approach in allocating its funding [12]. The relevance of the carbon markets was also evident in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which establishes the creation of a new sustainable development mechanism that aims to succeed the Kyoto mechanisms and that will produce “mitigation units” called ITMOs (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes) that can be used to meet the mitigation objectives set out in the NDCs.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1665,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system The evolution of international negotiations on Climate Change has determined a set of reporting obligations over time. In addition, Angola s graduation from PMA scheduled for 2021 will have implications in terms of reporting to UNFCCC. Before the Cancún Agreements, developing countries were asked to produce their National Communications but on a voluntary basis, in accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention, but at COP 16, in 2010, more demanding reporting targets were set for developing countries, namely the obligation to produce National Communications (CN) every 4 years and the production of biennial update reports (BUR) every 2 years, which means that the national emissions inventory will have to be produced every two years.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1666,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Before the Cancún Agreements, developing countries were asked to produce their National Communications but on a voluntary basis, in accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention, but at COP 16, in 2010, more demanding reporting targets were set for developing countries, namely the obligation to produce National Communications (CN) every 4 years and the production of biennial update reports (BUR) every 2 years, which means that the national emissions inventory will have to be produced every two years. In 2015, the Paris Agreement brought a set of challenges on the accounting and reporting of GHG emissions and mitigation and adaptation actions developed by the countries, calling for transparency, rigor, comparability and consistency in accounting and reporting: beyond the CN and BUR, the Parties are now subject to the production and five-year update of their national contributions (NDCs) every 5 years.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1667,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In 2015, the Paris Agreement brought a set of challenges on the accounting and reporting of GHG emissions and mitigation and adaptation actions developed by the countries, calling for transparency, rigor, comparability and consistency in accounting and reporting: beyond the CN and BUR, the Parties are now subject to the production and five-year update of their national contributions (NDCs) every 5 years. These developments in international climate policy mean that from 2021 onwards Angola will, in the light of the UNFCCC, be obliged to elaborate: a) National Communication every 4 years; b) the Biennial Update Report every 2 years; c) NDC update every 5 years.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1668,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"These developments in international climate policy mean that from 2021 onwards Angola will, in the light of the UNFCCC, be obliged to elaborate: a) National Communication every 4 years; b) the Biennial Update Report every 2 years; c) NDC update every 5 years. 17 Activity Programs (PoA) incorporate within an individual program / project an unlimited number of activities with the same characteristics.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In view of the challenges presented, it is important to implement a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system that ensures efficient monitoring of the implementation of climate policy in the country.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1669,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"17 Activity Programs (PoA) incorporate within an individual program / project an unlimited number of activities with the same characteristics.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In view of the challenges presented, it is important to implement a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system that ensures efficient monitoring of the implementation of climate policy in the country. Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) refers to the process by which countries track and report on the implementation and impacts of mitigation and adaptation actions, and the finance used to support these actions. To date, in Angola there is no domestic system in place in order to track the implementation of the NDC. The information available is often dispersed and incomplete, and difficult to collect.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1670,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The Government believes that the transparency that this system will bring to the implementation of the Angolan climate policy will also allow it to leverage more international financing for the country. The Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment is responsible for the development of the MRV system and for the coordination of its implementation, which must include: 1. Plan of methodologies and base data 2. Knowledge management system 3. Capacity development plan 4. Quality control and quality assurance system 5. Legal and institutional frameworkNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 The Methodology and Base Data Plan will define the methodologies to be applied in the monitoring of GHG emissions, mitigation and adaptation measures and financial, technical and technological support.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1671,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Legal and institutional frameworkNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 The Methodology and Base Data Plan will define the methodologies to be applied in the monitoring of GHG emissions, mitigation and adaptation measures and financial, technical and technological support. The Knowledge Management System to be developed should aggregate all the information collected by the various subsystems, allowing consultation and data entry in a simple and systematic way. On the other hand, in order for the system to be implemented efficiently, a process of training focal points from different ministries, relevant entities in data collection, must be initiated, as well as training technicians from provincial governments, so that they can in turn , train other actors.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1672,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In particular for the GHG inventory, the definition and implementation of a quality assurance and control system is considered a good practice required by UNFCCC. Finally, the legal and institutional framework should be defined to formalize the implementation of the MRV system, as well as to define responsibilities and deadlines that will constitute the annual cycles of the MRV system in Angola. Figure 10 shows a schematic of the MRV system that the Government of Angola intends to operate in the country. Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver For the short term (up to 2025), it is planned that Angola will develop and implement a MRV system, as part of the tracking process of the NDC.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1673,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver For the short term (up to 2025), it is planned that Angola will develop and implement a MRV system, as part of the tracking process of the NDC. Angola aims to integrate the necessary MRV activities into existing processes and structures for international reporting to ensure an efficient and consistent approach. Angola is in the process of determining the most appropriate process for MRV of NDC implementation and is intending to implement a robust MRV system. Regarding the process of monitoring and evaluation, the mitigation efforts will be assessed on an annual basis, based on the implementation results of the mitigation contributions proposed.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1674,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Regarding the process of monitoring and evaluation, the mitigation efforts will be assessed on an annual basis, based on the implementation results of the mitigation contributions proposed. In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1675,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1676,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 203}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1677,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015. This NDC is fair and ambitious as it aims to secure limited increase of its greenhouse gas emissions, while the country pursues a strong economic development pathway. Angola will take into account the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC in its future development and committed to decouple greenhouse gas emissions from its economic growth and embarks on a low emission development pathway. Also, this NDC present a significant commitment, through both mitigation and adaptation measures at the sector-level, to reach indicated contributions, prepared through an extensive consultation process with stakeholders.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1678,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Also, this NDC present a significant commitment, through both mitigation and adaptation measures at the sector-level, to reach indicated contributions, prepared through an extensive consultation process with stakeholders. The impacts that the current pandemic COVID - 19 will have in the country are not certain yet, but it is already identified that the impacts in terms of the economy and public health may delay the implementation of the proposed objectives. Thus, given the current socio-economic development of a developing country affected by climate change, in its updated NDC Angola has shown the country s highest level of efforts in contributing to global climate change mitigation and implementation of the Paris Agreement. are-emitted-by-the-countryNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 8.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1679,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"are-emitted-by-the-countryNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 8. INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY AND UNDERSTANDING In accordance with the provisions of Annex I of Decision 4/CMA.1, Angola informs the following: Parameter Information NDC Time period Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment The type of contribution selected by Angola in terms of mitigation is based on results, i.e. the reduction of greenhouse gases to levels below the BAU. The BAU scenario by 2025 was based on the last GHG inventory of 2015. Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1680,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq. Accounting methodology With the support of GACMO model, developed by UNEP DTU Partnership, the BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The mitigation measures were selected and prioritized based on consultation with stakeholders, which formed the basis for the calculation of the mitigation scenario, calculated using the GACMO model. Metric applied Global Warming Potential on a 100-year timescale in accordance with the IPCC s 4th Assessment Report. Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1681,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. Reduction level (Conditional) Additional 10% of GHG reduction by 2025 Scope and coverage Greenhouse gases (GHG) 0. F-gases emissions are not counted as they were considered negligible across the country. Coverage (sectors) The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country’s ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change, thus contributing to country’s development.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1682,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country’s ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change, thus contributing to country’s development. The rational for the inclusion of the adaptation component in the NDC takes into consideration that the country shows vulnerability and fragile conditions as a developing country, for which negative impacts of climate change are evident in all sectors of the national economy.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1683,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The rational for the inclusion of the adaptation component in the NDC takes into consideration that the country shows vulnerability and fragile conditions as a developing country, for which negative impacts of climate change are evident in all sectors of the national economy. Geographical boundaries Whole country Means of implementation To implement the listed mitigation and adaptation measures, it is estimated that a total investment of not less than US$ 4.1 billion in the form of internal and external aid will be required between 2020 and 2025. Angola requests the technologies support and capacity building.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1684,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Gaps and Barriers Angola faces several barriers in addressing climate change issues, mainly related to: • Absence or unavailability of basic scientific information, with appropriate details (spatial and/or temporal); • Absence or unavailability of diagnostic and characterization exercises that include the inclusion of modelling/projections, as well as their implementation in risk mapping and vulnerability analysis; • Disarticulation of the update and/or review processes; • Procedural delay and high costs associated with updating and/or reviewing processes; • Gaps in the level of technical knowledge in the entities responsible for preparing and approving projects, plans and programs; • Gaps in the processes of early involvement of key players and in the development of communication and public mobilization strategies aimed at the various social and economic agents, with consequent resistance to changing behaviors; • Budgetary constraints, leading to dilution of priorities over time; • Limited budgets from the State to create an enabling environment for resource mobilization to encourage private sector investment; • Lack of binding administrative tools that allow intervention in certain areas. Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets According to the Marrakesh Call for Climate Action, agreed at the Ministerial Dialogue of the SeventhNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 African Forum of Carbon, in April 2015, Angola recognizes the experience gained from the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and want to be supported by market mechanisms with high environmental integrity, contributing to sustainable development and establishing strong incentives to harness the power of private sector.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 199}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1685,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets According to the Marrakesh Call for Climate Action, agreed at the Ministerial Dialogue of the SeventhNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 African Forum of Carbon, in April 2015, Angola recognizes the experience gained from the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and want to be supported by market mechanisms with high environmental integrity, contributing to sustainable development and establishing strong incentives to harness the power of private sector. Angola supports the use of market mechanisms including the results of mitigation pre- 2020, such as the use of Emission Reduction Certificates (ERCs) generated by CDM projects and programs. Fair and ambitious Angola is a developing country, highly vulnerable to the effects of the climate change. National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10% of global emissions (2015).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1686,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10% of global emissions (2015). The NDC submitted by Angola is fair and ambitious because it aims to secure limited increase of its greenhouse gas emissions while it the country pursues a strong economic development pathway. Given its extreme vulnerability and dependence on external support, Angola’s proposed targets are fair and ambitious. A revised GHG Inventory is a prerequisite for operating a monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system suitable to tracking the contributions of NDC-aligned projects.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1687,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"A revised GHG Inventory is a prerequisite for operating a monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system suitable to tracking the contributions of NDC-aligned projects. In 2020, Angola updated its GHG inventory (base year: 2015) and by 2025 the country is planning to revise and update that GHG Inventory as part of its Second National Communication.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola requests the UNFCCC Secretariat that this submission is published on the UNFCCC webpage and that the country’s NDC is included in the synthesis report to be prepared by the Secretariat.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Documents [1] UN General Assembly (1995). Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly during its forty- [2] 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1688,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly during its forty- [2] 2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Link: [3] Ministry of Economy and Planning: Long-Term Strategy, 2025, 2007. Link: [4] National Adaptation Programme of Action, UNFCCC 2011. Link: [5] UNFCCC Angola 1st National Communication, 2012. Link: [6] Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan in Africa for the Health sector 2012-2016, 2012. Link Action.pdf [7] Republic of Angola, 2012 - Strategic Urban Waste Management Plan (PESGRU). Link: [8] IPCC 5th Assessment Report: Climate Change 2014. Link: [9] Carabine E. and Lemma A. (2014), The IPCC’s fifth assessment report: what’s in for Africa? Overseas Development Institute and Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Link: [10] INE (2016). Census 2014. General Population and Housing Census in Angola 2014 – Final Results.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1689,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"General Population and Housing Census in Angola 2014 – Final Results. Link: [11] Republic of Angola, 2015. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for the Republic of Angola. Republic of Angola. Link: gsp.org/sites/default/files/documents/indc_angola_deposito.pdf [12] New Climate Institute (2015). Connecting the dots, Results-based financing in climate policy. climate-policy/ [13] Atlas and National Strategy New Renewable Energies, 2015. Link: FOR-THE-NEW-RENEWABLES.pdfNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [14] United Nations (2015a). Committee for Development Policy Report on the seventeenth session (23-27 March 2015) Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2015 Supplement No. 13 E/2015/33. United Nations. New York. [15] INE Angola, 2016. Population projection 2014-2050. [16] UN General Assembly (2016). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 February 2016, Graduation of Angola from the least developed country category 70/253 [17] Republic of Angola (2016).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1690,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 February 2016, Graduation of Angola from the least developed country category 70/253 [17] Republic of Angola (2016). Guidelines for Defining a Strategy for Exiting the Crisis Derived from Falling Oil Prices in the International Market. Link: [18] Ministry of Energy and Water (2016). Angola Energy 2025: Long term vision for electric sector. Link: SECTOR-LONG-TERM-VISION.pdf [19] Ministry of Economy and Planning, 2018, National Development Plan 2018-2022. Link: [20] Republic of Angola, 2017. National Strategy for Climate Change. Republic of Angola. Link: [21] Republic of Angola, 2017, First Annual Report On The Angola Graduation Process From LDC Category, Monitoring of Graduated and Graduating Countries from the Least Developed Country category: Angola, CDP2017/PLEN5-Annex 1, February 2017. [22] African Development Bank, African Economic Outlook 2019.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1691,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"[22] African Development Bank, African Economic Outlook 2019. Link: [23] Angola Disaster Risk Profile, 2019. Link: profile-angola [24] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report 2019: Angola. Link: f [25] World Bank (2019). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019. Link: [26] International Energy Agency, Africa Energy Outlook – Overview: Angola 2019. Link: [27] INE, 2019. Final Report on Multidimensional Poverty in Angola. Link: [28] Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone of Angola, 2019. Link:Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [29] Ministry of Transports, 2019 - National Master Plan for the Transport Sector & Preliminary Feasibility Study for the Railway Link between the Benguela Railway (CFB) and Zambia. Link: planodirectornacionaldosectordostransportes.pdf [30] Ministry of Finance 2019, State Budget Report 2020. Link: //www.parlamento.ao/glue/AN_Navigation_home.jsp?","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1692,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: planodirectornacionaldosectordostransportes.pdf [30] Ministry of Finance 2019, State Budget Report 2020. Link: //www.parlamento.ao/glue/AN_Navigation_home.jsp? [31] Creating Markets in Angola: Opportunities for Development Through the Private Sector, World Bank 2019. Link: [32] Country Engagement Strategy: A Country-Driven Approach For Collective Impact On Climate And Development Action, October 2020. Link: engagement/NDCP_CountryEngStrategy_Final.pdf [33] Integrated Plan for the Acceleration of Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries (PIAAPF), 2020. Link: pesca-familiar-piaapf [34] African Development Bank, 2020. African Economic Outlook 2020. Link: [35] International Monetary Fund – World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020. Link: [36] The graduation of Angola from the LDC category: impact of the withdrawal of international support measures GILBERTO D.F. ANTÓNIO1, ADELINO A.S. MUXITO. Link: Antonio-and-Muxito.pdf [37] Global Business Reports, The Official Mining in Africa Country Investment Guide (MACIG) 2020.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1693,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: Antonio-and-Muxito.pdf [37] Global Business Reports, The Official Mining in Africa Country Investment Guide (MACIG) 2020. Link: [38] Republic of Angola, 2020 - National GHG Inventory 2005-2018 (draft Nov 2020) [39] GIZ Repository of Adaptation Indicators, Real case examples from national Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Link: Websites [40] Angola - Main sectors. Link: export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/angola/market-sectors?accepter_cookies=oui [41] Current State of Maritime Transport in Angola: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 [42] Natural Earth Data. Link: [43] Angolan Banking Association. Link: association/ [44] Angola - UN Country Profile. Link: [45] UNFCCC – What is the Paris Agreement. Link: paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement [46] Angola Sovereign Fund. Link: [47] The Economic Context of Angola, Lloyds Bank. Link: [48] Central Intelligence Agency – Country Profile of Angola. Link: [49] FAO Fishery Country Profile. Link: [50] GEF.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1694,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,Link: [49] FAO Fishery Country Profile. Link: [50] GEF. Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1.,"{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1695,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – Installation of wind farms – 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste– 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1696,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – Installation of wind farms – 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste– 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2. The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW).","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1697,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW). In terms of reforestation, the total value of emissions reduction in reforestation present in INDC (2032ktCO2e) was considered. For flaring, the reduction target value (75%) indicated by the World Bank in 2011 was considered. For solar and wind energy, potential projects were considered from projects identified in Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1698,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and Tômbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets– 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms – 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1699,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and Tômbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) – 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) – 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry – 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) – 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets– 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms – 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings – 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses – 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste – 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario. For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1700,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola. For biomass, the projects were Luanda, Benguela/Lobito/Catumbela, Alto Catumbela, Chinguar, Cuima, Biocom, Lucapa, Luena, Luachimo, Dala, Chicapa, Lumeje and Dinge. The program called NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions), brought the opportunity for the implementation 15 MW to replace the use of diesel in three commercial farms in Angola was considered in this scenario as a small-scale solar panel. For the hydroelectric power plants, additionally to the projects of Cambambe 2, Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2), presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Cacombo project.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1701,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For the hydroelectric power plants, additionally to the projects of Cambambe 2, Luime, Túmulo do Caçador and Zenza (1+2), presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Cacombo project. For the solar energy, additionally to the projects of Waku Kungo II, Lubango and Capanga, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Balém Dango, Lubango ii, Fútila, Chipindo, Lubango, Kuito, Gove, Waku Kungo I, Lucapa and Dungo projects. For wind energy, additionally to the projects of Tômbwa and Quitobia, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Dunga and Quimone projects.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1702,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"For wind energy, additionally to the projects of Tômbwa and Quitobia, presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it was also considered the Dunga and Quimone projects. For the lightning and natural gas buses measures, we double the number of lamps and buses used in the conditional 2025 scenario.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In terms of flaring, we have increased the ambition to reduce flaring. Instead of 75% reduction, as planned and presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it is now considered a 91% emission reduction compared to 2015 emissions.","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1703,AGO,Angola,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf,"Instead of 75% reduction, as planned and presented in the unconditional 2030 scenario, it is now considered a 91% emission reduction compared to 2015 emissions. For solar panels in industry, we increased one more unit in this measure (from 4 MW in scenario unconditional 2030 scenario, to 6 MW in this scenario) For composting, the value (1000 t/day) in the unconditional 2030 scenario has been doubled.Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Angola – 2020 updaNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020","{'text': '2', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1704,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': '570', 'answer_start': 125}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1705,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': '570', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1706,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': '570', 'answer_start': 125}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1707,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': '570', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1708,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The required data has been collected through IPCC suggested structured template from the agencies on present condition and future plans and projects relevant to GHG emission reduction. Following this, the initial scenario analysis was carried out in LEAPprogram and outcomes have been validated with the relevant ministries and agencies in a validation workshop. The possible mitigation measures have been finalized based on the discussion in the validation process. Besides, the stakeholder consultations included participants from academia, the private sector and reporters. (ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate: a. National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty eradication: Bangladesh is a low-lying delta with a flat topography that makes it particularly susceptible to extreme weather events. The country is relatively small with an area of 147,570 sq. km and located in South Asia.","{'text': '570', 'answer_start': 130}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1709,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.","{'text': '1000', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1710,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.","{'text': '1000', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1711,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.","{'text': '10000', 'answer_start': 163}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1712,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.","{'text': '10000', 'answer_start': 136}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1713,TCD,Chad,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20ACTUALISEE%20DU%20TCHAD.pdf,"La présente CDN prévoit la réduction cumulée des émissions des GES d’ici à 2030 à 88 350 kt CO2 eq (mesures inconditionnelles et conditionnelles) avec un objectif d’atténuation global de 19,3 % par rapport au scénario de référence. L’investissement nécessaire à la mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation de la CDN est estimé à 6 700,2 M USD. Ainsi, les besoins en financement pour répondre au niveau élevé des risques climatiques attendus au Tchad pourraient s’élever à plus de 375 millions d’USD dès 2021 (soit sur la base d’estimation de 3% du Produit intérieur brut) pour atteindre le coût annuel de 645 millions d’USD à l’horizon 2030. Sur cette base, les projections pour la période 2021-2030 pourraient s’élever à plus de 5 002 milliards d’USD.","{'text': 'L’investissement nécessaire à la mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation de la CDN est estimé à 6 700,2 M USD.', 'answer_start': 38}",fr-FR,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1714,TCD,Chad,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20ACTUALISEE%20DU%20TCHAD.pdf,"Sur cette base, les projections pour la période 2021-2030 pourraient s’élever à plus de 5 002 milliards d’USD. Sans négliger l’importance des sources de financement domestiques et privées, les apports financiers internationaux des Partenaires Techniques et Financiers devront jouer un rôle très significatif. Les apports prioritaires internationaux pour l’adaptation sont estimés de l’ordre de 75 % des besoins en financement, et devraient s’élever à plus de 281 millions USD / an dès 2021 pour atteindre plus de 483 millions USD / an dès 2030. Il est à noter que le Programme Pays Fonds Vert Climat a un budget estimé de 2 280 milliards US$ pour onze (11) projets d’adaptation à l’horizon 2030, et que le programme n’adresse qu’une partie des secteurs prioritaires identifiée par cette CDN actualisée.","{'text': 'Les apports prioritaires internationaux pour l’adaptation sont estimés de l’ordre de 75 % des besoins en financement, et devraient s’élever à plus de 281 millions USD / an dès 2021 pour atteindre plus de 483 millions USD / an dès 2030.', 'answer_start': 43}",fr-FR,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1715,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"Para hacer frente a la adaptación al cambio climático, el país requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptación prioritarias, tales como: z Modernización de los servicios hidrometereológicos del país, que permitan mantener pronósti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernización en sistemas de observación, asimilación y pronósticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- gías, así como la formación de recursos humanos calificados. En el año 2021 se hará efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnológico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pacífico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital.","{'text': '450', 'answer_start': 120}",es-ES,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1716,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital. z Desarrollar un programa nacional de captación de agua y promoción de sistemas de riego en el corredor seco de Nicaragua, por un monto en inversión de aproximadamente 800 millones de dólares. z Incrementar la eficacia en la protección de las reservas de biosfera mediante un programa de ordenamiento de tierras e impulso a la reforestación, por un monto de inversión de aproximada- mente 400 millones de dólares. z Cooperación para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades en finanzas climáticas. z Desarrollo de infraestructura de agua potable y saneamiento y programas de resiliencia de los sistemas de agua potable urbano.","{'text': '450', 'answer_start': 8}",es-ES,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1717,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI, MARDE, EEA Promote efficient energy use and promote high energy efficient products. Energy intensity reduced by 10%; 2% of energy efficiency assured every year. MEI, EEA Improve sustainability and climate protection of energy transmission and distribution infrastructure. Inspection and rehabilitation of the existing network; Operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions ensured. Increase training of additional reserve maintenance teams and ensure viability of their full repair kits and other equipment. Training provided to maintenance teams. MEI 0.035 Promote water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources. Interaction water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources implemented. Transport Sector Review and amend sectoral policy documents (strategies, plans, programs) to address climate change risks and identify highly vulnerable assets. Policy reviewed; vulnerable assets identified. MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change.","{'text': '0.035', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1718,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': '0.035', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1719,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': '0.105', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1720,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': '0.35', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1721,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In 2016, Republic of Moldova emitted 14.6 Mt (without LULUCF) and 13.7 Mt (with LULUCF), which is less than 0.026 per cent of current world’s emissions. In 2016, the total and net per capita emissions were almost 50 per cent lower than the world’s average (3.8 t CO2 equivalent per capita to be compared to equivalent per capita, respectively 3.6 t CO2 equivalent per capita to be compared to 7.4 t CO2 equivalent per capita). Also, the Republic of Moldova has a low level of historic emissions, of about 0.05 per cent (without LULUCF) and/or of about 0.04 per cent (with LULUCF) of the worlds’ emissions, since 1990. The capacity to contribute to solving the climate change problem is closely related to the ability to invest in appropriate mitigation measures.","{'text': '0.04', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1722,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': '0.04', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1723,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"As such, the whole of the Republic of Moldova’s adaptation framework makes a contribution to the country’s sustainable development priorities embodied in the “National Development Strategy: Moldova 2030” (2019) and to the overarching adaptation goal of the Paris Agreement to enhance adaptive capacity and resilience, to reduce vulnerability, with a view to contributing to sustainable development, and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in the context of the goal of holding average global warming well below 2 degrees C and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5 degrees C.In its updated NDC (NDC2), the Republic of Moldova intends to achieve more ambitious targets than in its NDC1. The country’s new economy-wide unconditional target is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 70 per cent below its 1990 level in 2030, instead of 64-67 per cent as committed in NDC1.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1724,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The country’s new economy-wide unconditional target is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 70 per cent below its 1990 level in 2030, instead of 64-67 per cent as committed in NDC1. As to the new economy-wide conditional target, instead of 78 per cent as committed in NDC1, the reduction commitment expressed above could be increased in NDC2 up to 88 per cent below 1990 level, provided a global agreement addressing important topics including low-cost financial resources, technology transfer, and technical cooperation, accessible to all at a scale commensurate to the challenge of global climate change, is insured. Following the decisions 1/CP.21, 4/CMA.1, 9/CMA.1, 18/CMA.1, the following quantifiable information is hereby submitted: 2.1.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1725,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The noted difference between NDC1 and NDC2, in the latest, is due to the full transition from Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines to 2006 IPCC Guidelines, also due to switch from IPCC AR2’s GWP values to the use of GWP values provided in IPCC AR4, based on the effects over a 100-year time-horizon of GHGs, as well as due to undertaken recalculations as result of using higher tier methodologies, revised values of country-specific and default emission factors, actualized time-series of activity data and due to considering into the national GHG inventory new emissions and sinks categories, etc. Target relative to the reference indicator Republic of Moldova is committed to an unconditional target of 70 per cent reduction of its net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as compared to 1990 levels, instead of 64-67 per cent committed in NDC1.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1726,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Target relative to the reference indicator Republic of Moldova is committed to an unconditional target of 70 per cent reduction of its net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as compared to 1990 levels, instead of 64-67 per cent committed in NDC1. The GHG reduction commitment could be increased up to 88 per cent reduction as compared to 1990 level conditional to the global agreement addressing important issues, including access to low-cost financial resources, technology transfer and technical cooperation commensurate to the challenge of global climate change. In NDC1 this commitment was established at the level of 78 per cent GHG emission reduction. Thus, following the Art. 4.3 of the Paris Agreement, the Republic of Moldova’s NDC2 reflects its highest possible ambition and represents progress beyond commitments made in NDC1.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1727,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In January 2020, the draft NDC2 was subjected to additional consultations and it was accepted in the version which incorporated suggestions received from the central and local governmental authorities and the civil society in a gender-responsive manner. National Circumstances: Land Area – 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography – the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10°C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42°C and the minimum temperature reaches -35°C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova’s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy – 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent – energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture – 16.7 per cent; waste – 10.0 per cent; Economy – GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) – 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender – on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority – Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 262}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1728,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"National Circumstances: Land Area – 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography – the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10°C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42°C and the minimum temperature reaches -35°C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova’s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy – 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent – energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture – 16.7 per cent; waste – 10.0 per cent; Economy – GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) – 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender – on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority – Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment. Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on <www.clima.md> and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 225}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1729,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on <www.clima.md> and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country’s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 157}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1730,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country’s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova. Regional economic integration The Republic of Moldova has signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in 2014, whereby the country has also committed to aligning its climate change policies to the EU ones.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1731,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Thus, this information may serve as a source for tracking implementation of the measures. How Republic of Moldova believes that its updated Nationally Determined Contribution is fair and ambitious in view of its national circumstances Fair and ambitious Following the Talanoa Call for Action2, launched by the Presidents of COP 23 and COP 24, the Republic of Moldova made its NDC2 more ambitious than NDC1, and stated the target to reduce its GHG emissions by 70 per cent below its 1990 level by 2030 under the unconditional scenario, instead of 64-67 per cent, thus showing its alignment to the “ratchet up mechanism” of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1732,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"How Republic of Moldova believes that its updated Nationally Determined Contribution is fair and ambitious in view of its national circumstances Fair and ambitious Following the Talanoa Call for Action2, launched by the Presidents of COP 23 and COP 24, the Republic of Moldova made its NDC2 more ambitious than NDC1, and stated the target to reduce its GHG emissions by 70 per cent below its 1990 level by 2030 under the unconditional scenario, instead of 64-67 per cent, thus showing its alignment to the “ratchet up mechanism” of the Paris Agreement. Another issue that proves country’s NDC2 ambitions refers to the application of an economy-wide absolute emission reduction target (in compliance with Article 4.4 of Paris Agreement), which ensures reaching the objectives in a relevant, complete, consistent, transparent, and accurate manner.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1733,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Figure 2.2-3: Trends in total GHG emissions and associated variables in the Republic of Moldova over the 2000- 2016 period. Indexed indications (year 2000=100%) Real GDP Total GHG emissions Population GHG intensity (CO2/GDP) Electricity consumption Heat consumption Primary energy resources consumptionMitigation Policy Framework In 2015, the Republic of Moldova submitted its INDC (NDC1). On 24 March 2017 the country’s Low Emission Development Strategy until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016, entered into force, aiming to reach the NDC1 targets. The Paris Agreement was ratified by the Law No. 78 as of 04.05.2017. In order to implement NDC2, it is necessary to update the LEDS by the end of the 2020 year.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1734,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In 1990, 1992 and 2003, droughts continued throughout the growing season (April to September). The most severe and disastrous droughts during the recorded period were in 2007 and 2012, affecting more than 70% of the country s territory. Table 3.2-4: Undertaken national and subnational level V&A assessments during 2012-2019 Methods used in the V&A assessments Components, description Main findings of the assessments Team-based (experts + sectorial planners) sectorial assessment of vulnerabilities in support of CCA incorporation into sectorial development planning. Sectorial vulnerability assessments. The sector-specific methodology applied in the assessments of crop and livestock production; health conditions (Bodman severity index for winter conditions, Effective Temperature Index, Equivalent -Effective Temperature Index, disease-specific indicators); forest indicators (Forest Fire Risk by Angstrom Index), other.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1735,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Technology Action Plans for agriculture and health sectors. Indicator-based reporting at sector level 90 core indicators used in evaluating the reduction in vulnerability and progress in adaptation at sector level. Data on sector level vulnerabilities and resilience. Geographic level V&A assessments at district level Agriculture, health and forestry indicators applied identifying key economic, social and/or environmental vulnerabilities, impacts and risks. The most/least vulnerable geographic areas, peoples, and ecosystems identified at the district level. Floods also affect the Republic of Moldova repeatedly. Over the past 70 years, 10 major floods of the Dniester River and the Prut River have been reported, three of which occurred in the 21st century (in 2006, 2008 and 2010). The floods caused by smaller rivers in the country are quite common as well.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1736,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The overall Official Development Assistance (ODA) project portfolio addresses general climate change concerns, with some dedicated interventions to mitigation, while adaptation is mainstreamed within ongoing development co-operation activities that are at risk because of climate change, with several projects targeting dedicated adaptation planning and implementation. At the current stage of adaptation implementation in the country, both adaptation-dedicated and adaptation-relevant financing directions are important.According to OECD statistics41, gross Official Development Assistance (ODA) for the Republic of Moldova has reached $370.7 million in 2015, with the two largest donors being institutions of the European Union at $134.8 million, and the United States at $108.6 million.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1737,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"At the current stage of adaptation implementation in the country, both adaptation-dedicated and adaptation-relevant financing directions are important.According to OECD statistics41, gross Official Development Assistance (ODA) for the Republic of Moldova has reached $370.7 million in 2015, with the two largest donors being institutions of the European Union at $134.8 million, and the United States at $108.6 million. About 80% of climate-related development finance flow was committed through multilateral channels: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank, and the World Bank Group using mainly loans, while the remainder was committed by bilateral sources (e.g. the European Union, Germany and Japan), mainly in the form of grants.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1738,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Moldova - Climate adaptation investment planning technical assistance (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova’s Economy’s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+?","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1739,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova’s Economy’s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US $).","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1740,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed. MEI 70.00 Ensure planning of urban transportation system in view of creating the needed infrastructure to promote alternative transportation such as cycling. Infrastructure created for cyclists in urban area. MEI 14.00 Cross-cutting Improve resilience of Moldovan communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved surface water management. Small-scale water storage constructed; irrigation options improved; water efficiency and agricultural productivity increased; energy costs reduced; awareness of climate resilience issues among users of water services; water security increased; high value agricultural developed. MARDE, Private sectorIdentified need Indicators Responsible Lead Agency Estimated Resources Required (mil. US $) Ecosystem Approaches in Disaster Risk Management (EA DRR). Disaster risk assessment for three zones: Dniester National Park, Lapusna river basin and Biosphere Reserve ""Prutul de Jos"" effectuated; Measures/options to mitigate and reduce these risks identified and integrated in the local development documents.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1741,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The main national producers of electric and thermal energy (Termoelectrica S.A. and CET – Nord S.A.) implemented projects to streamline the process of energy production and supply. Regarding the power sector, it is worth mentioning that, during the last years (2015-2018) there is a positive evolution of reducing the electricity loss in the grid, thus, for 2018 it represents on average 8.12-8.87% of the total volume of electricity; at the same time, the National Agency for Energy Regulation approved for 2018 investments of over 870 million MDL for the improvement of the electricity sector. Promotion of energy efficiency and renewable sources is seen as an urgent priority of energy sector, therefore, the annual Moldova Eco Energetica event is organized as an umbrella concept.","{'text': '70', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1742,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Republic of Moldova has included in its updated NDC the adaptation component in line with Articles 2.1 and 7.1 of the Paris Agreement and Katowice Rulebook (COP 24), as an opportunity to communicate country’s strategic vision on climate change adaptation. The adaptation component, as a forward-looking document, incorporates country’s adaptation priorities that derive from the in-force policy documents, such as the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and the Action Plan for its implementation (2014), as well as from the Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC (2018), and from a number of national level policy documents covering cross-sectoral socioeconomic areas and sector-specific development documents of the national priority sectors: agriculture, water resources , human health, forestry, energy and transport.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1743,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The adaptation component, as a forward-looking document, incorporates country’s adaptation priorities that derive from the in-force policy documents, such as the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and the Action Plan for its implementation (2014), as well as from the Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC (2018), and from a number of national level policy documents covering cross-sectoral socioeconomic areas and sector-specific development documents of the national priority sectors: agriculture, water resources , human health, forestry, energy and transport. The component is built upon the experience gained from the implementation of the first cycle of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP-1) (2014-2017) that is presented in the document, and from the planning perspectives of the NAP-2 that is to be implemented in two tracks: a) National Adaption Plan, covering Water Resources, Human Health, Forestry, Energy and Transport; b) Agriculture Sectoral Adaptation Plan (Ag.SAP).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1744,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The component is built upon the experience gained from the implementation of the first cycle of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP-1) (2014-2017) that is presented in the document, and from the planning perspectives of the NAP-2 that is to be implemented in two tracks: a) National Adaption Plan, covering Water Resources, Human Health, Forestry, Energy and Transport; b) Agriculture Sectoral Adaptation Plan (Ag.SAP). In support to climate action, the adaptation component incorporates cross-sectorial and sector-specific adaptation actions and measures to be implemented, along with identified adaptation investment priorities based on the review of national and sectorial development policies and plans, and the outcomes of an extensive consultation process, including stakeholders from all sectors and levels of governance, in particular, Central Public Authorities and Local Public Authorities, climate-related institutions and agencies, along with private sector, civil society, academia and women associations and youth NGOs representatives.The Republic of Moldova’s medium- and long-term adaptation goal is to reach a sustainable social and economic development resilient to the impact of climate change by establishing a strong enabling environment for a coherent and effective adaptive action with mitigation benefits, integrating climate risk into investment decision- making and business planning, while remaining socially inclusive and sensitive to gender impacts of climate change.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1745,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In January 2020, the draft NDC2 was subjected to additional consultations and it was accepted in the version which incorporated suggestions received from the central and local governmental authorities and the civil society in a gender-responsive manner. National Circumstances: Land Area – 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography – the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10°C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42°C and the minimum temperature reaches -35°C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova’s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy – 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent – energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture – 16.7 per cent; waste – 10.0 per cent; Economy – GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) – 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender – on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority – Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1746,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"National Circumstances: Land Area – 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography – the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10°C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42°C and the minimum temperature reaches -35°C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova’s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy – 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent – energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture – 16.7 per cent; waste – 10.0 per cent; Economy – GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) – 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender – on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority – Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment. Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on <www.clima.md> and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1747,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on <www.clima.md> and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country’s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 156}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1748,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country’s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova. Regional economic integration The Republic of Moldova has signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in 2014, whereby the country has also committed to aligning its climate change policies to the EU ones.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1749,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Regional economic integration The Republic of Moldova has signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in 2014, whereby the country has also committed to aligning its climate change policies to the EU ones. The agreement comprises binding provisions, regulatory documents and wider cooperation arrangements in all sectors of concern, including those related to GHG emissions reduction and adaptation to climate change.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1750,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The key priority for 2019 was the adoption of 2030 goals in the area of renewable energy, energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the ECT by transposing the recent EU clean energy package for its members. The Republic of Moldova participates in the Danube Transnational Program, the Program having as main objective to promote innovation and entrepreneurship, to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the Danube region, to improve connectivity and to support the transition to a low-carbon economy. The outcomes of the global stocktake According to Article 14.2 of the Paris Agreement, the Conference serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA) shall undertake its first global stocktake in 2023 and every 5 years thereafter unless otherwise decided by the CMA.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1751,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The outcomes of the global stocktake According to Article 14.2 of the Paris Agreement, the Conference serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA) shall undertake its first global stocktake in 2023 and every 5 years thereafter unless otherwise decided by the CMA. It is expected, the reduction commitments of the updated NDC of the Republic of Moldova will be considered in the Global Stocktake Report to be published in 2023. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals Key assumptions and methodological approaches Metrics applied: Republic of Moldova intends to use the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) Global Warming Potential (GWP) 100-year values to calculate and report its CO2 equivalent totals.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1752,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"It is worthwhile to note that considerations of fairness in the national perspective include a variety of issues and no separate indicator on its own can accurately reflect fairness or a globally equitable distribution of countries’ efforts. It is further important to note that the evolving nature of a country’s circumstances is to be reflected in the consideration of fairness: Responsibility is reflected in a country’s past, current and future greenhouse gas emissions. Total emissions, as well as per capita emissions, are to be considered. Republic of Moldova’s responsibility in terms of GHG emissions is low. In 2016, Republic of Moldova emitted 14.6 Mt (without LULUCF) and 13.7 Mt (with LULUCF), which is less than 0.026 per cent of current world’s emissions.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1753,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In 2016, Republic of Moldova emitted 14.6 Mt (without LULUCF) and 13.7 Mt (with LULUCF), which is less than 0.026 per cent of current world’s emissions. In 2016, the total and net per capita emissions were almost 50 per cent lower than the world’s average (3.8 t CO2 equivalent per capita to be compared to equivalent per capita, respectively 3.6 t CO2 equivalent per capita to be compared to 7.4 t CO2 equivalent per capita). Also, the Republic of Moldova has a low level of historic emissions, of about 0.05 per cent (without LULUCF) and/or of about 0.04 per cent (with LULUCF) of the worlds’ emissions, since 1990. The capacity to contribute to solving the climate change problem is closely related to the ability to invest in appropriate mitigation measures.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1754,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"636 as of 11.12.2019. 2.2. CLARIFYING INFORMATION ON MITIGATION ASPECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA The Republic of Moldova’s share in global GHG emissions is less than 0.026 per cent. In 2016, total and net GHG emissions of the Republic of Moldova equaled 13.7 Mt (with LULUCF) and 14.6 Mt CO2 eq. (without LULUCF) (see Table 2.2-1) and total and net per capita emissions were almost half of the world’s average (3.6 eq. /capita vs 7.4 t CO2 eq. /capita, and 3.8 t CO2 eq. /capita vs 6.8 t CO2 eq. /capita, respectively). Table 2.2-1: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks Trends within 1990-2016 period, Mt CO2 equivalent In 2016, about 72.7 per cent of the national net direct GHG emissions originated from the Energy Sector.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1755,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Second, the end of the Soviet Era with its well established commercial links has resulted in the emergence of numerous obstacles for free movement of goods, and in access restrictions introduced by the emerging markets. Third, the lack of domestic energy resources and raw materials in the country has contributed considerably to the nation’s strong dependence on other former Soviet Republics. This dependence has affected consumers’ capacity to pay for the energy used due to the increased prices of energy resources (ex., from 1997 to 2014 the natural gas tariff increased 13.0 times; electricity tariff increased 6.6 times; gasoline, diesel and liquefied gases prices increased 1.9 times), in the condition when about 95% of energy resources were imported.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1756,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"This dependence has affected consumers’ capacity to pay for the energy used due to the increased prices of energy resources (ex., from 1997 to 2014 the natural gas tariff increased 13.0 times; electricity tariff increased 6.6 times; gasoline, diesel and liquefied gases prices increased 1.9 times), in the condition when about 95% of energy resources were imported. On the other hand, without applying cross subsidizations policies, the current energy prices have incentivized the population to take strong energy efficiency measures in the Republic of Moldova, which led to a significant decrease of the energy intensity, declining since 2000 with an average annual negative growth of 4.5 per cent.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1757,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Figure 2.2-3: Trends in total GHG emissions and associated variables in the Republic of Moldova over the 2000- 2016 period. Indexed indications (year 2000=100%) Real GDP Total GHG emissions Population GHG intensity (CO2/GDP) Electricity consumption Heat consumption Primary energy resources consumptionMitigation Policy Framework In 2015, the Republic of Moldova submitted its INDC (NDC1). On 24 March 2017 the country’s Low Emission Development Strategy until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016, entered into force, aiming to reach the NDC1 targets. The Paris Agreement was ratified by the Law No. 78 as of 04.05.2017. In order to implement NDC2, it is necessary to update the LEDS by the end of the 2020 year.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1758,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Commission will coordinate also previously initiated actions, which have not been completed under the Kyoto Protocol. Through the proposed structure of the CCCM, the Republic of Moldova overcomes the issue of limited integration and connectivity between levels, which is an impediment to the effective decision-making process in adaptation and mitigation. A dedicated Government Decision (under approval) will enact the Climate Change Coordination Mechanism.The Climate Change Adaptation Strategy of the Republic of Moldova and its implementation Action Plan (CCAS, 2014)6, provides for an integrated vision of the Republic of Moldova s development opportunities and the ability to respond in a resilient way to the impact of climate change.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1759,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"A dedicated Government Decision (under approval) will enact the Climate Change Coordination Mechanism.The Climate Change Adaptation Strategy of the Republic of Moldova and its implementation Action Plan (CCAS, 2014)6, provides for an integrated vision of the Republic of Moldova s development opportunities and the ability to respond in a resilient way to the impact of climate change. The objectives of the CCAS are oriented towards increasing the country’s capacity to adapt and respond to actual or potential climate change effects and it is underpinned by an in-depth study of future climate risks and their impacts on vulnerable sectors.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1760,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The sectorial approach in climate change adaptation in the Republic of Moldova is prevailing at the current stage of the country s development, while cross-sectorial and sub-national approaches are becoming increasingly important. Some sectors are already implementing adaptation actions, while others need more support in adaptation planning and implementation. While the objectives stated in the CCAS are still valid, the associated Action Plan covers the timeframe 2014- 2020. For this reason, new adaptation planning, implementation and investment priorities identified through a wide stakeholder consultation process associated within a number of recent events (development of Fourth National Communication to UNFCCC, second cycle of NAP, Country Programme for the engagement with GCF) are incorporated into the current, updated vision on climate change adaptation, validated during a participatory process entailing climate-relevant stakeholders.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1761,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The NCCC is to provide effective leadership needed for 6 GD No. 1009 of 10.12.2014 regarding the Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and its implementation Action Plan, Official Gazette No. 372-384 of 19.12.2014. 7 The implementation Action Plan for Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy is considered as the 1st National Action Plan (NAP-1).transformative changes with consideration of the critical role of sub-national authorities and local organizations in these changes. In support of climate action, the Government of the Republic of Moldova strives to create an effective enabling environment for attracting climate investments in adaptation priority areas. Technologically innovative solutions, new business models are expected to be deployed by international donors, investors and the country’s private sector in resilient infrastructure and nature-based solutions.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1762,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"For the 2081-2100 timespan, the pattern for ensemble projection forced by RCP4.5 is quite similar but the magnitude of changes is lower, decreasing from 13.2% to 7.4% with a maximum seen again over Central AEZ and the minimum - over Northern AEZ, relative to the 1986- 2005 reference time period. Projections of Future Changes in Temperature Extremes Indices: Table 3.2-2 displays the distribution of projected CMIP5 14 GCMs ensemble changes in temperature extreme indices covering 2081–2100 period, relative to the 1986–2005 climatological baseline period. The annual minimum daily minimum temperature (TNn), maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx), warm nights (TN90p), warm days TX90p, Tropical nights (TR), and summer days (SU) indices are projected to increase according to all three RCPs, with stronger warming under RCP8.5 in the RM AEZs.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1763,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Hot (very high) temperatures, which were rarely observed at the end of the twentieth century, will become the daily weather by the end of the twenty-first century under the RCP8.5 scenario (Table 3.2-2). Table 3.2-2: Projected CMIP5 14 GCMs Ensemble Changes in Temperature Extreme Indices Presented for 2081–2100 years, Relative to the 1986–2005 Climatological Baseline Period Scenario Ensemble DTR CSDI FD ID SU TNn TNx TR TXn TXx Northern AEZ Central AEZ Southern AEZ Projections of Future Changes in Precipitation Extreme Indices: Table 3.2-3 displays distribution of projected CMIP5 14 GCMs ensemble changes in precipitation extreme indices presented for 2081–2100 years, relative to the 1986–2005 climatological baseline period. The Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII) is projected to increase everywhere by the end of the twenty-first century under all three RCPs, with strong agreement among models.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1764,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The projections show that Northern AEZ will experience the greatest increase of very wet days (95pTOT), with 95pTOT, by 20%, under the RCP8.5 scenario, whereas Southern AEZ will experience the greatest increase of 95pTOT, by 19%, under RCP2.6, relative to the reference period 1986-2005. By the end of the twenty-first century under RCP2.6, the projected ensemble median increase of extremely wet days (99pTOT) will be from 8% in Northern to 19% in Southern AEZs and/or from 14% in Southern to 20% in Northern AEZs, under RCP8.5 9, with the medium increase by 17-18% according to RCP4.5.The Consecutive Dry Days index (CDD) is projected to increase everywhere by the end of the twenty-first century under all three RCP scenarios, except Southern AEZ, where a slight decrease in consecutive dry days is possible under RCP2.6.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1765,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"By the end of the twenty-first century under RCP2.6, the projected ensemble median increase of extremely wet days (99pTOT) will be from 8% in Northern to 19% in Southern AEZs and/or from 14% in Southern to 20% in Northern AEZs, under RCP8.5 9, with the medium increase by 17-18% according to RCP4.5.The Consecutive Dry Days index (CDD) is projected to increase everywhere by the end of the twenty-first century under all three RCP scenarios, except Southern AEZ, where a slight decrease in consecutive dry days is possible under RCP2.6. The projections indicate that Northern AEZ will experience the greatest increase of CDD, with a CDD increase by 17% (RCP8.5), whereas Southern AEZ will experience the decrease of CDD by - 1.6% (RCP2.6), relative to the reference period 1986-2005.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1766,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"By the end of the twenty-first century, the projected CWD decrease will be from 3.5% in Central to 12.5% (RCP4.5) in Northern AEZs and/or from 10.6% in Southern to 21% (RCP8.5) in Northern AEZs (Table 3.2-3). Table 3.2-3: Projected CMIP5 14 GCMs Ensemble Changes in Precipitation Extreme Indices Presented for 2081–2100 years, Relative to the 1986–2005 Climatological Baseline Period Scenario Ensemble SDII PRCPTOT CDD CWD Northern AEZ Central AEZ Southern AEZ Projections of Future Changes in Humidity and Drought Conditions by Selianinov Hydro-Thermal Coefficient (HTC): An assessment of the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was performed to identify the humidity climate change patterns during the vegetation period. When the value of HTC is 1.0, it means that the amount of precipitations is equal to the amount of the evaporated moisture.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1767,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Table 3.2-4 refers to the undertaken assessments’ methods, approaches and outputs that revealed national and sub-national level climate risks and vulnerabilities. 9 Second National Communication of the RM, Chișinău, 2010, < 10 Third National Communication of the RM, Chișinău, 2014, < 11 Fourth National Communication of the RM, Chișinău, 2018, < analysis of the national climatic data disclose that the drought frequency in the Republic of Moldova over a period of 10 years is about 1-2 droughts in the northern part of the country; 2-3 droughts in the central part 2003, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2015) with droughts of varying intensity were recorded on the territory of the RM12. In 1990, 1992 and 2003, droughts continued throughout the growing season (April to September).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1768,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The chapter on climate change focuses on actions in six areas: (i) mitigation; (ii) adaptation; (iii) carbon emission trading; (iv) research, development, implementation and other related issues; (v) integrating climate aspects into sectorial policies and (vi) awareness-raising, education and training. The Association Agreement is accompanied by an implementation Program of Action for European Integration: 13 Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their MemberFreedom, Democracy, Welfare14, which addresses adaptation to climate change and sets the framework for the congruence of Moldovan policies with European ones.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1769,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Association Agreement is accompanied by an implementation Program of Action for European Integration: 13 Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their MemberFreedom, Democracy, Welfare14, which addresses adaptation to climate change and sets the framework for the congruence of Moldovan policies with European ones. Promoting the “green’’ economy program in the Republic of Moldova for the years 2018-2020 and the Action Plan15 for its implementation ensures the development of the necessary capacities of all those involved in the planned activities in order to achieve the following specific targets by 2020: 17% of gross final energy consumption from renewable sources and improvement of energy efficiency by 8.2%; promoting organic farming by implementing green economy principles and expanding the area of agricultural land used for organic farming by about 20%; reducing air pollution by 30% by developing sustainable transport, etc.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1770,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Biological Diversity Strategy for the years 2015-202016 addresses the causes of biodiversity loss through the incorporation of requirements such as halting the biodiversity loss process starting with the government and ending with the entire society. The Environmental Strategy for 2014-2023 and the Action Plan for its implementation17 ensures the consistency of the long-term strategic planning with the EU rules and has a context for the development and approval of climate change adaptation strategies. Building up of an efficient system of environmental management contributing to increased quality of environmental factors and to observing the right of the population to a clean, healthy and sustainable natural environment is the main objective of the Strategy.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1771,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Concept promotes a flood risk management system by establishing components for the management, prevention and reduction of the consequences of the flood risks. Government Decision No.779 of 04.10.201320 on approval of the Regulation on drought management planning has the objectives: a) elaboration of individual drought management plans for each district of the river basin or sub-basin; b) specify the indicators that allow to identify the circumstances of drought; c) establish specific monitoring systems to identify drought circumstances; d) identify management objectives and measures to mitigate the effects of drought, including measures to rationalize water demand, to prioritize water use, to support basic human needs, including in food, to protect ecosystems water. 14 Program of Action for European Integration: Freedom, Democracy, Welfare 2011-2014, GD no.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1772,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"14 Program of Action for European Integration: Freedom, Democracy, Welfare 2011-2014, GD no. 289 of 07.05.2012, < 15 Government Decision No. 160 of 21.02.2018 on Approval of Program for Promoting Green Economy in the Republic of Moldova for 2018-2020: pub: 02.03.2018 in Monitorul Oficial Nr.68-76. Art No: 208. < 16 The Biological Diversity Strategy for the years 2015-2020 of the Republic of Moldova and the Action Plan for its implementation GD No.274 of 17 Government Decision No. 301 of 24.04.2014 on Approval of the Environmental Strategy for the years 2014-2023 and the Action Plan for its implementation. The Official Gazette No. 104-109.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1773,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"A number of climate-related assessments have been undertaken prior to the prioritization process: vulnerability and risks assessments; development of vulnerability indexes; sector and institution capacity assessments; gender assessments in relation to climate change; institutional capacity surveys, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, feasibility studies, and other types of assessments and evaluation work that contributed to an informed decision during the prioritization process. Substantive knowledge on impacts, risks and vulnerabilities and initial assessments of adaptation priorities in Moldova results from the work conducted as part of the First (2000), Second (2010), Third (2014) and Fourth (2018) National Communications to the UNFCCC.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1774,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Substantive knowledge on impacts, risks and vulnerabilities and initial assessments of adaptation priorities in Moldova results from the work conducted as part of the First (2000), Second (2010), Third (2014) and Fourth (2018) National Communications to the UNFCCC. In most of the cases, the prioritization process was carried out using the MCA (multi-criteria analysis) methodology21, based on climate, monetary, social and environmental criteria, with alternative options examined and sensitivity analysis applied.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1775,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improving the energy performance of buildings is a priority of public policies in the Republic of Moldova, and the draft Government Decision (No. 1103 of 14.11.2018) for the approval of the Regulation regarding the periodic inspection of the air conditioning systems in buildings25 This government decision was developed in support to the implemented Law no. 128 of July 11, 2014, on the energy performance of buildings. Transport Sector. The new (2019) Railway Transport Code 26 sets out concrete rules regarding the state s contribution for the development of the railway infrastructure that will allow the creation of an investment climate in the branch and the development of competitiveness on the international market for freight services. Agriculture Sector.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1776,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The draft Land Code comprises a chapter dedicated to soil protection and land management, which regulates obligatory soil protection and improvement measures, land planning measures, agro-ameliorative measures, hydro-ameliorative measures, soil conservation, soil quality monitoring and others. The development priority of the agricultural sector for reducing soil degradation and increasing its fertility, using environmentally friendly agricultural practices and modern agricultural technologies, is stipulated in the National Strategy for Agricultural and Rural Development for the years 2014-2020 (GD No. 409 of 4 June 2014)28. The Law on subsidized insurance in agriculture (draft)29 proposes a new subsidy concept adapted to the realities and requirements of the current market, to be compared to the mechanism established by Law No. 243/2004 regarding the subsidized insurance of production risks in agriculture.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1777,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"23 Decision of the Government No. 102 of 05.02.2013 on Energy Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 published on 08.02.2013 in the Official Gazette l No. 27-30. Art No: 146. < 24 National Action Plan in Energy Efficiency for 2019-2021. The draft document was approved at the session of State Secretaries of September 26, 25 DG RM No. 1103 of 14.11.2018 on approval of regulation on periodic inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings. Published: 21.12.2018 in Monitorul Oficial No. 499-503. Art No: 1312. It was enacted on: 21.12.2018. 26 Draft Railway Code. The draft document was approved at the session of State Secretaries of October 31, 2019. 27 Land Code.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1778,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The draft document was approved at the session of State Secretaries of October 31, 2019. 27 Land Code. The draft document was approved at the session of State Secretaries of September 26, 2019. 28 GD No. 409 of 04.06.2014 on approval of the National Strategy for development of agriculture and rural areas for 2014-2020. Published: 10.06.2014 in Monitorul Oficial No. 152. art No: 451 < 29 Draft law on subsidy insurance in agriculture. The draft document was approved at the session of State Secretaries of October 03, 2019. 30 Decision of the Government No. 691 of 11.07.2018 on approval of the Regulation on conditions and procedure for organizing and implementing soil improvement actions, soil protection, conservation and fertility improvement.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1779,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"691 of 11.07.2018 on approval of the Regulation on conditions and procedure for organizing and implementing soil improvement actions, soil protection, conservation and fertility improvement. Published: 10.08.2018 in Official Gazette No. 295-308. Art No: 833.The National Integrated Plant Protection Program for the years 2018-2027 and the Action Plan for its implementation (GD No. 123 of 02.02.2018)31 provides for actions for the development of sustainable agriculture and thus, to provide consumers with quality and safe vegetable products, as well as to ensure a healthy living environment. The National Strategy for Agricultural and Rural Development 2014-2020 (GD No.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1780,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The National Strategy for Agricultural and Rural Development 2014-2020 (GD No. 409/2014) states the priorities for agriculture and rural development: increasing the competitiveness of the agri-food sector by modernizing and integrating it into the market, ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources and improving livelihoods in rural areas. The Strategy is complemented by the Government Decision (of 9 June 2019) on the approval of the Regulation on the granting of subsidies for improving livelihoods and work conditions in rural area32 and provides for the improvement and development of rural public economic infrastructure, renovation and development of rural communities, diversification of rural economy through non-agricultural activities. Forestry Sector.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1781,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The new version of the Forest Code aligned with European and international standards addresses the urgent problems of forestry sector of Moldova: promoting new practices for sustainable forest management to stop the reduction of woodland, stopping degradation of forest biodiversity by promoting nature-based types of forest with suitable biological diversity; decreasing fragmentation of land, stopping the unauthorized constructions and lease of woodland by ensuring the integrity of the forest fund; combating the illegal exploitation of forests and related trade by implementing the methods of monitoring of timber use and forest certification. Water Resources Sector. The state s policy in the field of water resources is incorporated in the Environmental Strategy for 2014-2023 (GD 301/2014)34 which is mainly aimed at preventing the degradation of the quality of water resources in the context of the climate change, the protection and restoration of the wetland environment, providing to the population a sufficient supply of good quality water-based on a sustainable, balanced and equitable use of water.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1782,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The state s policy in the field of water resources is incorporated in the Environmental Strategy for 2014-2023 (GD 301/2014)34 which is mainly aimed at preventing the degradation of the quality of water resources in the context of the climate change, the protection and restoration of the wetland environment, providing to the population a sufficient supply of good quality water-based on a sustainable, balanced and equitable use of water. The provisions of the Strategy for water supply and sanitation for 2014- 2028 (GD No. 199/2014) and the National Program for the implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health in the Republic of Moldova for 2016–2025 (GD No. 1063 / 2016)35 aims at improving livelihoods of the population and the access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1783,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The concept of the automated information system ""State Cadaster of Waters"" developed in accordance with the provisions of the Water Law No. 272/2011 36 represents the vision on the creation and functioning of the information space of the areas related to the protection, management and records of surface and underground water resources, hydrotechnical constructions and protected areas. The concept incorporates the main principles of data collection and monitoring, their reporting, the basic requirements regarding the 31 Decision of the Government No. 123 of 02.02.2018 National Programme for integrated plan protection for 2018-2027 and the Action Plan for its implementation. Published: 09.02.2018 in the Official Gazette No. 40-47. Art No: 142.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1784,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Published: 09.02.2018 in the Official Gazette No. 40-47. Art No: 142. 32 Decision of the Government on approval of Regulation on provision of subsidies for improving livelihoods and work conditions in rural areas. The draft regulation was approved at the session of the State Secretaries of July 04, 2019. < 33 Draft Decision of the Government on approval of the Action Plan for 2018-2023 on implementing the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Forestry Sector of the Republic of Moldova. < 34 Decision of the Government No. 301 of 24.04.2014 on approving Environmental Strategy for 2014-2023 and Action Plan for its implementation Published : 06.05.2014 in Monitorul Oficial No. 104-109, Art No: 328. 35 Action Plan for 2018-2025 on regionalization of water supply and sewage system.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1785,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"35 Action Plan for 2018-2025 on regionalization of water supply and sewage system. < 36 Decision of the Government on approval of the Concept of the automated Information System „State Cadaster of Water”. The draft document was approved by the Cabinet during session of October 23, 2019. < informational-automatizat-cadastrul-de-stat>functional content of the information. This document is to be adopted in order to operationalize its components. Measures aimed at achieving climate and environmental objectives set for all water bodies and ecosystems are provided in the Management Plan for the Dniester River Basin Area (GD No. 814/2017) and for the Danube- Prut and the Black Sea watershed (GD No. 955/2018)37 regarding the approval of the Danube-Prut Rivers and Black Sea basin management plan. Law No.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1786,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"249 of November 15, 2018, aims at protecting surface and groundwater and conservation of habitats and species that are directly dependent on water and it provides for the creation of the Register of protected areas at the level of the river basin areas. Human Health Sector. The issue of adapting the health sector and population to climate change is addressed in the National Public Health Strategy for2014-2020, (GD No 1032/2013)38, which provides for the need for adopting a sectoral plan for adaptation and increased resilience including that of medical institutions, the need for providing guidance and training to healthcare staff in issues of climate change impacts on population, The draft Government Decision on the approval of the Sectoral Strategy for Adapting the Health System to Climate Change for 2018-202239 states sectoral priorities for the reducing the vulnerability and risks to health by implementing measures to adapt the healthcare sector to climate change.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1787,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The issue of adapting the health sector and population to climate change is addressed in the National Public Health Strategy for2014-2020, (GD No 1032/2013)38, which provides for the need for adopting a sectoral plan for adaptation and increased resilience including that of medical institutions, the need for providing guidance and training to healthcare staff in issues of climate change impacts on population, The draft Government Decision on the approval of the Sectoral Strategy for Adapting the Health System to Climate Change for 2018-202239 states sectoral priorities for the reducing the vulnerability and risks to health by implementing measures to adapt the healthcare sector to climate change. Spatial Planning.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1788,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The issue of adapting the health sector and population to climate change is addressed in the National Public Health Strategy for2014-2020, (GD No 1032/2013)38, which provides for the need for adopting a sectoral plan for adaptation and increased resilience including that of medical institutions, the need for providing guidance and training to healthcare staff in issues of climate change impacts on population, The draft Government Decision on the approval of the Sectoral Strategy for Adapting the Health System to Climate Change for 2018-202239 states sectoral priorities for the reducing the vulnerability and risks to health by implementing measures to adapt the healthcare sector to climate change. Spatial Planning. Through the draft Government Decision on approving the Regulation on the framework content, the methodological principles for developing and updating, and approving the National Territory Planning Plan (NTPP) the development of the basic set of documents on balanced and sustainable strategic planning of the territory at the country level and on spatial planning will be ensured, in accordance with the objectives of social, economic, cultural and ecological priorities of the country40.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1789,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Table 3.3-2: Sector-Specific Climate Change Adaptation Priorities Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities Agriculture and food security Promote systemic efficiency and resilience of the agriculture sector - Undertake agriculture-specific impact assessment, considering stress combinations under the climate change to improve the understanding of agri-systems vulnerability and further measures for its reduction, including the gender perspective; 37 Decision of the Government No. 955 of 03.10.2018on approval of the Plan for managing the Watershed area Danube - Prut Rivers and the Black Sea Published: 07.12.2018 in Monitorul Oficial No. 448-460. Art No: 1259, it was enacted: 07.12.2018. 38 Decision of the Government No. 1032 of 20.12.2013 on approval of the National Public Health Strategy for 2014-2020. Published: 27.12.2013 in Monitorul Oficial No. 304-310. Art No: 1139.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 121}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1790,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Moldova uses also thematic Donor Coordinating Councils to harness mitigation and adaptation support and align it with NDCs priorities. According to the data and reports presented on the public portal amp.gov.md, during 2014-2019, the development partners commitments to support the implementation of adaptation in the Republic of Moldova amounted to about EUR 1,117.3 million; however, only EUR 356.5 million (32%) were disbursed as of 2019- year end, of which 10% was allocated to the projects targeting adaptation, while 90% of the projects had adaptation co- benefits (Figure 2.4-1).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1791,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"According to the data and reports presented on the public portal amp.gov.md, during 2014-2019, the development partners commitments to support the implementation of adaptation in the Republic of Moldova amounted to about EUR 1,117.3 million; however, only EUR 356.5 million (32%) were disbursed as of 2019- year end, of which 10% was allocated to the projects targeting adaptation, while 90% of the projects had adaptation co- benefits (Figure 2.4-1). A B Figure 3.4-1: Actual disbursements rate for adaptation targeted projects and projects with adaptation co- benefits from total commitments (A) and disbursements rate for adaptation targeted projects and projects with adaptation co-benefits from total actual disbursements (B) (Source: based on input data of AMP).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1792,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Thus, from the total received funds, 68% were disbursed as grants, 33% as preferential loans, and about 3% in the form of credits (Figure 3.4-3 A). Regarding the type of assistance, the data show an almost equal share between technical assistance and project support with a low percentage allocated to budget support (Figure 3.4-3 B). In 2014-2019, the largest disbursements through the projects with adaptation co-benefits were made by the European Union, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, World Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); Germany; Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); European Investment Bank (EIB), EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) other, totaling about 320.5 million euros.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1793,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"In 2014-2019, the largest disbursements through the projects with adaptation co-benefits were made by the European Union, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, World Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); Germany; Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); European Investment Bank (EIB), EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) other, totaling about 320.5 million euros. A B Figure 3.4-3: Rate of financing tools applied to targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co- benefits (A) and types of assistance for targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co-benefits (B). Donors that had significant contribution to adaptation implementation include IFAD, Denmark and GEF through projects, such as ""Inclusive Rural Economic and Climate Resilience Programs (IRECR)"" funded by IFAD (approx.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1794,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The Readiness and preparatory support helps to establish and mandate the (DNA) to engage with GCF, build the knowledge and capacities of the MARDE team to efficiently manage operational processes, communicate with GCF board and secretariat, and access GCF resources under the investment projects. Grants Preferential loans Credits 26% Technical Assistance Project Support Budget SupportFigure 3.4-4: Actual disbursements of donor countries and agencies for targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co-benefits (M EUR). Other: Slovakia, GCF, Czech Republic, Poland. (Source: based on input data of AMP). The number and size of programs/projects targeting adaptation and those with adaptation co-benefits implemented in the key sectors of the Republic of Moldova during 2014-2019 were uneven, respectively, the volume of disbursements varied from one sector to another.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1795,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The number and size of programs/projects targeting adaptation and those with adaptation co-benefits implemented in the key sectors of the Republic of Moldova during 2014-2019 were uneven, respectively, the volume of disbursements varied from one sector to another. The highest values of current disbursements came to the cross-sectoral action (31%), followed by the agricultural sector receiving 28% and water resources with 20% (Figure 3.4-5). Figure 3.4-5: Actual disbursements rate for targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co- benefits in key sectors of the Republic of Moldova from total disbursements during 2014-2019. (Source: based on input data of AMP). The received support helped the Republic of Moldova to engage in a number of sector-specific adaptation activities, spanning from planning to on-ground implementation of adaptation measures.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1796,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The received support helped the Republic of Moldova to engage in a number of sector-specific adaptation activities, spanning from planning to on-ground implementation of adaptation measures. Agriculture sector received the largest share of adaptation-related aid and this is where adaptation is mostly implemented at the action level and this reflects the importance of this sector in the country’s economy. At the same time, it confirms the agriculture sector’s high exposure to climate change, including climate risks. During 2014-2019, the total value of the development partners commitments to finance adaptation projects and those with benefits for adaptation in the agriculture sector amounted to about 360.9 million EUR.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1797,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"During 2014-2019, the total value of the development partners commitments to finance adaptation projects and those with benefits for adaptation in the agriculture sector amounted to about 360.9 million EUR. Of this amount, only 99.4 million EUR have been disbursed, with 52.6% being disbursed in 2019 (Figure 3.4-6 A, B). OTHER UN ROMANIA EBRD AUSTRIA GEF NIF SWEDEN USA DENMARK EIB IFAD GERMANY IBRD WB SWITZERLAND EU Adaptation co-benefits Targeted adaptation Itersectorial Agriculture Water Energy Health Transports ForestryA B Figure 3.4-6: The evolution of disbursements for Agriculture sector (the summary values of targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co-benefits, (M EUR) (A) and the disbursements of donor countries and agencies for targeted adaptation projects and projects with adaptation co-benefits for Agriculture sector (M. EUR). Other: UN, FAO, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Poland (B).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1798,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Among other, during 2013-2019, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) supported the agricultural sector through a series of projects, such as “Review and preparation of a draft Land Code for the Republic of Moldova”; ""Strengthening of the Food Safety System of the Republic of Moldova""; ""Increasing small scale farmers resilience to drought by adopting best irrigation practices and modern irrigation technologies""; ""Support for adaptation and implementation of Integrated Pest Management in Moldova""; ""Development of the National Strategy and Action Plan for animal genetic resources and dairy cattle genetic improvement program"", and others. During 2014-2019, the commitments for the implementation of the cross-sectoral adaptation projects and those with benefits for adaptation totaled about EUR 190.4 million, out of which only EUR 63.3 million were disbursed.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1799,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"During 2014-2019, the commitments for the implementation of the cross-sectoral adaptation projects and those with benefits for adaptation totaled about EUR 190.4 million, out of which only EUR 63.3 million were disbursed. The largest contribution of this period was made by the European Union, totaling EUR 61.85 million, of which, 48.96 million were disbursed as grants under the program ""ENPARD Moldova Program - Support to Agriculture and Rural Development” which aims to provide budgetary support to the Government of the Republic of Moldova in the process of poverty eradication, promoting sustainable and inclusive growth and strengthening economic and democratic governance through policies and reforms in the field of agriculture and rural development; improving the delivery of services in the agricultural and rural sectors; sustainable management of natural resources, including water and biodiversity, etc.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1800,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Moldova - Climate adaptation investment planning technical assistance (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova’s Economy’s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+?","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1801,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova’s Economy’s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US $).","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1802,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Restoration of degraded forests and pasturelands also promote agricultural productivity through improved watershed function and protection from harsh weather. Future climate change will affect both the tree growth, causing changes in species distribution and ecosystems structure, and the frequency and magnitude of damage caused by diseases, droughts, and fires. The current annual climate-related damage is estimated at US$ 414 thousand (of which: US$ 18,000 due to fires, US$ 177,000 due to pests and US$ 219,000 due to droughts). In addition, about US$ 300,000 are spent annually for pest treatment remedies. By 2050, it is expected that these costs related to afforestation works and forestry maintenance will increase to about US$ 120 million.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1803,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"According to WB estimates (2016), the current cost of climate-dependent health risks (namely, heat-related mortality and food poisoning) is about US$ 20 million. According to the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2014)46 and studies undertaken during the NAP-1, considerable investments are needed to provide healthcare in isolated communities to populations particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change (the elderly and disabled people); equipping emergency departments for cardiovascular diseases according to WHO requirements; modifying hospital infrastructure for operationalization to “green” standards, developing the national information system for collection and processing of data, including gender-disaggregated data on the effects of climate risks on public health, emergence and incidence of new diseases related to climate change; prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events due to climate change (heat, cold, flood); eradicating malnutrition and ensuring access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food for particularly vulnerable population groups; protection of human health and consumers’ interests with regard to food safety; development of continuous air quality monitoring stations, etc.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1804,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"According to the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2014)46 and studies undertaken during the NAP-1, considerable investments are needed to provide healthcare in isolated communities to populations particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change (the elderly and disabled people); equipping emergency departments for cardiovascular diseases according to WHO requirements; modifying hospital infrastructure for operationalization to “green” standards, developing the national information system for collection and processing of data, including gender-disaggregated data on the effects of climate risks on public health, emergence and incidence of new diseases related to climate change; prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events due to climate change (heat, cold, flood); eradicating malnutrition and ensuring access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food for particularly vulnerable population groups; protection of human health and consumers’ interests with regard to food safety; development of continuous air quality monitoring stations, etc. Water Resources Sector: According to undertaken assessments, improvement in municipal supply systems to reduce loss, and building a storage reservoir on the lower Dniester River, present immediate, modest investment opportunities with high returns.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1805,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Renewable energy sources are most sensitive to extreme weather phenomena. The value of the current production of renewable energy related to the climate is estimated at only US$ 286 thousand annually (in the form of hydroelectric power), while the lost energy production is estimated to about US$ 150 million annually. The cost of wind technology may decrease over time, but now, wind power generation may be economically viable. The total investment potential is estimated at about US$ 235 million. 46 GD no. 1009 of 10.12.2014 regarding the Republic of Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for its implementation, Official Gazette No. 372-384 as of 19.12.2014.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1806,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"1009 of 10.12.2014 regarding the Republic of Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for its implementation, Official Gazette No. 372-384 as of 19.12.2014. 47 EIB “Support for technical assistance and management to protect the territory of the Republic of Moldova from floods”, 2016. 48 Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), 2016.Lost heat production due to the current water supply deficit on Dniester River is estimated at US$ 4.6 million per year, based on the current import price and the assumption that energy production is affected proportionally by the water supply shortage.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1807,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed. MEI 70.00 Ensure planning of urban transportation system in view of creating the needed infrastructure to promote alternative transportation such as cycling. Infrastructure created for cyclists in urban area. MEI 14.00 Cross-cutting Improve resilience of Moldovan communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved surface water management. Small-scale water storage constructed; irrigation options improved; water efficiency and agricultural productivity increased; energy costs reduced; awareness of climate resilience issues among users of water services; water security increased; high value agricultural developed. MARDE, Private sectorIdentified need Indicators Responsible Lead Agency Estimated Resources Required (mil. US $) Ecosystem Approaches in Disaster Risk Management (EA DRR). Disaster risk assessment for three zones: Dniester National Park, Lapusna river basin and Biosphere Reserve ""Prutul de Jos"" effectuated; Measures/options to mitigate and reduce these risks identified and integrated in the local development documents.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1808,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Disaster risk assessment for three zones: Dniester National Park, Lapusna river basin and Biosphere Reserve ""Prutul de Jos"" effectuated; Measures/options to mitigate and reduce these risks identified and integrated in the local development documents. Regional Development Sector * Sources: CCAS, 2014; CN4; MARDE and WB Report) Given the scale of adaptation challenge, to put in place an effective response and recovery system at the national level in the Republic of Moldova, aggregated effort of both domestic budget and international support is needed. It is expected that in addition to the domestic investments, the leading international finance and investment actors, through financial instruments tailored to the Republic of Moldova’s circumstances, will contribute to building climate-resilient sustainable and inclusive economic growth of the country and Eastern European region as well. 3.5.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1809,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"The inter-sectorial Climate Change Coordination Mechanism led by the National Commission on Climate Change, including the M&E component (under approval), combined with the National Adaptation Planning process, is expected to be a high-impact national strategic initiative specifically addressing climate change. 51 Third National Communication of the Republic of Moldova, developed within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Ministry of Environment, Chișinău, 2014, < 52 Fourth National Communication of the Republic of Moldova, developed within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Chișinău, 2018, < 53 GD no. 1009 of 10.12.2014 regarding the Republic of Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and its implementation Action Plan, Official Gazette no. 372-384 of 19.12.2014.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1810,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"1009 of 10.12.2014 regarding the Republic of Moldova’s 2020 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and its implementation Action Plan, Official Gazette no. 372-384 of 19.12.2014. 55 UNDP: The National Human Development Report in Moldova (2009-2010). 56 World Bank. 2016. Moldova - Climate adaptation investment planning technical assistance (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, 57 FAO, 2012: Comprehensive assessment of the 2012 drought impact in Moldova,The number of climate-induced disasters in the Republic of Moldova is increasing58; for this reason, additional efforts are required, first of all, to: (i) strengthen the forecasting capacities of severe weather conditions; (ii) increase disaster preparedness and emergency response; (iii) implement adaptation measures in agriculture and other highly-exposed sectors59.","{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1811,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The country is divided into four main climatic regions: the eastern plains, central plateau, highlands, and regions around Lake Kivu. The eastern plains receive an annual rainfall of between 700 mm and 1,100 mm, with mean annual temperature oscillating between 20°C and 22°C. The central plateau region enjoys rainfall of between 1,100 mm and 1,300 mm, with an annual mean temperature of between 18°C and 20°C. The highlands, including the Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga, benefit from an annual rainfall of between 1,300 mm and 1,600 mm, with annual mean temperature ranging between 10°C and 18°C.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1812,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The highlands, including the Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga, benefit from an annual rainfall of between 1,300 mm and 1,600 mm, with annual mean temperature ranging between 10°C and 18°C. Regions around Lake Kivu and Bugarama plains have an annual rainfall of between 1,200 mm and 1,500 mm, with an annual mean temperature between 18°C and 22°C (Ilunga et al., 2004; MINIRENA, 2010; Muhire and Ahmed, 2015; 2016).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION As with many other countries, Rwanda is increasingly experiencing the impacts of climate change. Rainfall has become increasingly intense and the variability is predicted to increase by 5% to 10% (GoR, 2017b). Temperature increases have also been experienced, with records from 1971 to 2016 showing rises in mean temperature of between 1.4°C and 2.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1813,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est. up to 900 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Off-grid and rooftop solar electrification Penetration of off-grid solar and rooftop solar PV panels consistent with the ESSP targets of around 1,500,000 households to be electrified through, equivalent to 250,000 connections per year. Displacement of grid power and diesel consumption and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (REG, EDCL, EUCL) 600 million USD Reduced dependence on imported energy and increased resilience and energy security of buildings, households and companies. Solar water heater (SWH) programme Installation of solar thermal water heaters within urban residential buildings supported by use of loans and grants to subsidise purchase costs, as part of the National Green Building Code minium compliance system. MININFRA (RHA, EDCL) SWH costs est.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1814,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"20 million USD Reduction of climate impacts from F-gases with high GWP, which results in enhanced population resilience to adverse climate impacts. Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Crops and managed soils Soil and water conservation (crop rotation) Continous crop rotation of up to 600,000 Ha, leading to prevention of soil erosion and reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI, MOE (RAB, RFA, RWRB) 235 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Table 5.4 Mitigation measures: Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Table 5.5 Mitigation measures: AFOLU (Agriculture) UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONLivestock Improved livestock husbandry Promotion of better livestock feed (i.e. legume fodder species) and training in better livestock management, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1815,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 998}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1816,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 718}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1817,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': '600', 'answer_start': 718}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1818,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The actions set out in the GGCRS provide the basis for the development of the NDC, as well as other key national guiding documents informing the country’s low carbon development, culminating most recently in the National Environment and Climate Change Policy enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and heathy environment. Mitigation contribution Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period 2015-2030. Rwanda’s latest GHG inventory data is reported in its Third National Communication (TNC) report to the UNFCCC and covers emissions up to the year 2015. This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1819,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year. Total emissions excluding forestry were estimated at 5.33 million tCO e. The agriculture sector accounted for the largest share of the total (2.94 million tCO e, 55% of total), followed by energy (1.68 million tCO e, 31% of total) and waste (0.64 million tCO e, 12% of total). Emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) represented just 0.08 million tCO e, equivalent to around 2% of total emissions in 2015 and mainly associated with calcination CO emissions from clinker production. Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1820,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030. The forecast indicates the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, arising from increasing demand for power generation, road transport and other modern energy uses. At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output is expected to be limited due to land availability, thereby limiting emissions growth from this sector. With the ongoing development of the country, Rwanda will therefore need to explore other innovative approaches in agriculture such as utilizing vertical farming technologies to increase crop yields within a smaller land area.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1821,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda’s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 188}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1822,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted biennially through Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1823,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. Rwanda submitted its Third National Communication (TNC) in September 2018, reporting on its national GHG inventory up to the year 2015. The country is currently preparing its first Biennial Update Report (BUR) and an updated GHG inventory. The Paris Agreement contains several additional MRV requirements which, when taken together with the existing UNFCCC arrangements, provide an enhanced basis for Rwanda’s international reporting requirements.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1824,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The consultations undertaken through the NDC revision process have created momentum for strengthening planning, implementation and monitoring and accountability frameworks. Thus, the updated NDC will continually guide successful mainstreaming of climate change into sector priorities building on existing country driven policy mechanisms and institutional arrangements, Technology transfer and capacity building, areas that are considered critical to fully implement Rwanda’s mitigation and adaptation contributions, as outlined further in this submission.08 GREEN RWANDA At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1825,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Thus, the updated NDC will continually guide successful mainstreaming of climate change into sector priorities building on existing country driven policy mechanisms and institutional arrangements, Technology transfer and capacity building, areas that are considered critical to fully implement Rwanda’s mitigation and adaptation contributions, as outlined further in this submission.08 GREEN RWANDA At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. The Paris Agreement (PA) entered into force in November 2016, following the universal adoption of the Agreement by Parties.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1826,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The highlands, including the Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga, benefit from an annual rainfall of between 1,300 mm and 1,600 mm, with annual mean temperature ranging between 10°C and 18°C. Regions around Lake Kivu and Bugarama plains have an annual rainfall of between 1,200 mm and 1,500 mm, with an annual mean temperature between 18°C and 22°C (Ilunga et al., 2004; MINIRENA, 2010; Muhire and Ahmed, 2015; 2016).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION As with many other countries, Rwanda is increasingly experiencing the impacts of climate change. Rainfall has become increasingly intense and the variability is predicted to increase by 5% to 10% (GoR, 2017b). Temperature increases have also been experienced, with records from 1971 to 2016 showing rises in mean temperature of between 1.4°C and 2.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1827,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Temperature increases have also been experienced, with records from 1971 to 2016 showing rises in mean temperature of between 1.4°C and 2. 56°C in the south-west and eastern regions of Rwanda (GoR, 2018a). Changes in temperature and precipitation and their distributions are the key drivers of climate and weather-related disasters that negatively affect Rwandans and the overall economy. The main risks/impacts that adversely affect the population include droughts, floods, landslides and storms. These are associated with damages to infrastructure, loss of lives and property including crops, soil erosion, water pollution, etc. (GoR, 2017b; REMA, 2015). A rise in temperature is predicted across Rwanda in the coming years up to 2050, especially during the dry seasons.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 95}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1828,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Climate change will also upset the north-west highlands and south-western districts of Rwanda with a rise in rainfall intensities. According to the TNC, there is a high probability that the number of days with extreme temperature will continue to increase by 2050 whereas the days with extreme rainfall will be relatively constant (GoR, 2018a). Rwanda is highly reliant on rain-fed agriculture both for rural livelihoods and exports of tea and coffee, and depends on hydropower for half of its electricity generation. The country’s ongoing economic growth is therefore highly threatened by climate change. Rwanda is highly vulnerable to climate change. The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda highlights that the country is highly prone to droughts, floods, landslides and windstorms (MIDIMAR, 2015).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 121}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1829,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda highlights that the country is highly prone to droughts, floods, landslides and windstorms (MIDIMAR, 2015). Other factors influencing the country’s climate change vulnerability include socio- economic drivers such as building in flood prone areas, high population density in prone areas, increased value of assets in flood-prone areas, and poor management of soil erosion. 2.3 Environment and natural resources Rwanda’s socio-economic development is dependent on the environment and natural resources such as land, water, air, minerals and biodiversity. Total arable land is estimated at 14,000 km2 or 52% of the country’s total surface area (26,338 km2). However, in 2014 the total cultivated area increased to 1,747,559 hectares or 66% of the national territory.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1830,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These smaller plots are overexploited, leading to degradation and a decrease in soil fertility (GoR, 2018a).12 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda’s hydrographic system is split into two basins divided by the Congo-Nile ridge, with water systems to the west of the ridge flowing into the Congo basin, and those to the east of ridge flowing into the Nile basin. The country’s hydrologic network covers 8% of the national territory, equivalent to about 2,143 km2, on which 101 lakes cover around 1300 km2 (RNRA, 2015), 861 rivers occupy about 72.6 km2 while the water of 860 wetlands and valleys covers 770 km2 (Sirven et al, 1974; REMA, 2009; MINIRENA, 2012). The Congo basin drains around 33% of the national territory with around 10% of the country’s water.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1831,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Unfortunately, Rwanda’s protected areas have lost around 50% of their original surface area over the last 40 years. There are also small reserve forests including Busaga, Buhanga, Sanza, Iwawa, Rubirizi, Makera, and a number of public and private plantation forests. Rwanda’s wetlands comprise marshlands, lakes, rivers and streams and represent around 15% of the national territory (of which 6.3% are marshlands and 8.6% are lakes and streams). Total wetlands cover an area of 276,477 ha of which 74% is classified as conditionally exploited, 6% unconditionally exploited, and 20% fully protected. Wetlands are dominated by papyruses, especially in the Kamiranzovu, Gishoma and Rugezi marshlands and around lakes such as Muhazi, Burera and Ruhondo.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1832,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Wetlands are dominated by papyruses, especially in the Kamiranzovu, Gishoma and Rugezi marshlands and around lakes such as Muhazi, Burera and Ruhondo. Plantations forest are distributed throughout the country and dominated by exotic species such as Eucalyptus, Pinus, and Grevillea. 2.4 Socio-economic characteristics Rwanda has experienced a rapid socio-economic and demographic transformation since 2000. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NSIR), real gross domestic product (GDP) across the period 2007-2017 rose from RWF 3.26 trillion to RWF 6.69 trillion, or by an average of 7.45% per year (GoR, 2018b). For the year 2015, the NSIR reports the working population (16 years and above) in Rwanda to be 6.4 million, with females representing 54% and males 46%.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1833,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"For the year 2015, the NSIR reports the working population (16 years and above) in Rwanda to be 6.4 million, with females representing 54% and males 46%. The majority (82%) live in rural areas and 18% live in urban areas. The total labour force participation rate was 87.4% and was lower in urban areas (79%) compared to rural areas (89%). This employment rate represents 85% of the working age population. The majority of Rwandan households are reliant on agriculture for food and income.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1834,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The majority of Rwandan households are reliant on agriculture for food and income. The agricultural sector employs over 70% of the working population and is characterized by low productivity and low economic value (NISR, 2014).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION According to the Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey (EICV5), Rwanda’s population grew from 8.13 million in 2002 to 11.23 million in 2015 (GoR, 2018b). Around 77% of the population lives in rural areas, and 23% in urban areas (of which the capital Kigali is by far the largest). The EICV5 foresees significant population growth under its central ‘medium growth’ scenario reaching 14.16 million by 2025 and 15.71 million by 2030 (Table 2.1).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1835,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The EICV5 foresees significant population growth under its central ‘medium growth’ scenario reaching 14.16 million by 2025 and 15.71 million by 2030 (Table 2.1). Table 2.1 Urban and rural population forecasts to 2030 Source: Adapted from GoR, 2018b and GoR, 2015b Rwanda’s policies for addressing poverty, and the goals for poverty reduction, are set out in the First National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), the Vision 2020 and Vision 2050 strategies (GoR, 2018b). These commit the government to reduce poverty from 44.9% in 2011 to 20% by 2020. The results of the EICV5 survey show that 38.2% of the population was poor in 2016/17, as compared to 39.1% in 2013/14 and 44.9% in 2010/11. Since 2010/11, extreme poverty fell from 24.1% to 16.0%.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1836,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Since 2010/11, extreme poverty fell from 24.1% to 16.0%. There are substantial geographical differences in the poverty rates, with lower rates in urban areas than elsewhere (GoR, 2018b). 2.5 Economic sectors 2.5.1 Agriculture, fisheries and forests Agriculture is an important sector of the Rwandan economy, contributing 33% to national GDP in 2015 (GoR, 2018a) with almost 90% of households practice traditional subsistence agriculture, mainly on narrow plots of land exhausted by continuous utilization (ibid). National crop production comprises tubers and roots (37%) such as cassava, followed by banana (28%) and cereals (11%), legumes and pulses (8%), and vegetables and fruits (5%). Coffee and tea constitute Rwanda’s main export crops.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1837,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Cattle predominate on the larger farms in the east and central regions while in the southern parts where farms are often as small as 0.5 ha, few households own cattle. In these areas, the government is promoting the One-Cow-per-Poor-Family, or Grinka, program.14 GREEN RWANDA Fish production has increased significantly since 2011 (for example, rising from 11.662 tons in 2011 to 24,550 tons in 2013; GOR, 2018a). Rwanda is turning around a legacy of deforestation in keeping with its 2020 goal to increase forest cover to 30% of national land area (MINIRENA, 2015). Natural forests, which cover 10.8 % of the country, comprise forested belts in National Parks, forest reserves, natural and gallery forests and other remnant forests.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1838,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Natural forests, which cover 10.8 % of the country, comprise forested belts in National Parks, forest reserves, natural and gallery forests and other remnant forests. Forest plantations of exotic tree species (mostly eucalyptus and pine), woodlots and agro-forestry plantations cover 18.4 % and represent nearly 63% of the country’s total forest cover. Plantation forests supply almost all fuelwood, with charcoal accounting for about 15.2 % of households’ primary energy sources. Rwanda is actively promoting agro-forestry to provide wood for fuel during the transition to available and affordable electricity for all. Agro-forestry also helps combat soil erosion, provides fodder, improves soil fertility and contributes to social well-being and green economic growth (GoR, 2018a).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1839,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Agro-forestry also helps combat soil erosion, provides fodder, improves soil fertility and contributes to social well-being and green economic growth (GoR, 2018a). 2.5.2 Services and tourism The services and tourism sector is a major driver of economic growth in Rwanda, contributing 47% to national GDP in 2015 (GoR, 2018a). Key growing service areas include banking, insurance, and transport. Services exports grew by 10% per annum between 2009 and 2014. The travel sector (including tourism) has steadily increased its share of total services exports in recent years. In 2014, 76% of services receipts were generated in the travel and tourism sector, contributing USD 303 million in export revenue, up from USD 174 million in 2009 (GoR, 2018a). Freight and other transportation services are also important contributors.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1840,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Freight and other transportation services are also important contributors. The number of visitors to Rwanda has increased over recent years, driven largely by tourist visits to the country’s national parks. In 2015 national parks counted 72,790 visitors, of which 44% visited the Volcano national park and 44% visited the Akagera national park (GoR, 2018a). 2.5.3 Trade and industry Rwanda’s industry sector mainly comprises construction, manufacturing, mining and quarrying. In 2011, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM) developed a national export strategy aiming to transform Rwanda into a globally competitive export economy. The industry sector has since grown to contribute 14% to national GDP (GoR, 2018a).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1841,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The industry sector has since grown to contribute 14% to national GDP (GoR, 2018a). In the fourth quarter of 2017, Rwanda’s total trade amounted to USD 959.48 million, an increase of 19.8% over the fourth quarter of 2016. Exports totalled USD 157.53 million, imports totalled USD 724.15 million and re-exports were valued at USD 77.70 million (NISR, 2017). The deficit in the balance of formal trade in goods was USD 136.17 million in January 2018, a decrease of 24% compared to the previous month of December 2017. Year-over- year, the formal trade in goods deficit increased by 1.45% on the deficit of January 2017 (NISR, 2018). National exports are dominated on a volume basis by re-export products (including petroleum products, machines, vehicles and engines), tea and coffee.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1842,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda has one of the lowest electricity consumptions per capita in the region, and generation capacity is low. According to the Rwanda Energy Group Ltd (REG), national electricity generating capacity is currently around 150 MW of which hydropower accounts for around one third (50 MW) and fossil based units the remaining two thirds (99 MW), mainly from oil- fired generation and recently added peat-fired capacity. Several small solar PV and biomass installations account for around 2 MW (REG, 2019). Increasing investment in generating capacity and improving access to electricity represent important energy policy aims, and recent years have seen major improvements.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1843,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increasing investment in generating capacity and improving access to electricity represent important energy policy aims, and recent years have seen major improvements. For example, during the period between 2012 and 2015, electricity generation increased by 72% and access to electricity improved from around 5% to 36% although lower than the 50% targeted in 2016 (GoR, 2018a). Rwanda is also undertaking various energy efficiency programs including the distribution of compact fluorescent lights (CFL), the ‘SolaRwanda’ Solar Water Heaters (SWH) project, and the replacement of high-pressure sodium lamps with LEDs in street lights. Rwanda’s transport sector is dominated by land transport due to the improved national and districts road network and increased investment in public transport.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1844,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda’s transport sector is dominated by land transport due to the improved national and districts road network and increased investment in public transport. Transport is mainly undertaken by road with a current classified road network consisting of national roads (2,749 km), district roads class 1 (3,906 km) district roads class 2 (9,706 km) and other unclassified roads. With increasing demand for travel, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically over the past decade. Based on number of registrations, total vehicle numbers are estimated to have grown from 47,631 in 2006 to 161,925 in 2015, representing an increase of over 300%1. Motorcycles accounted for around 51% of total vehicles in 2015, followed by passenger cars (34%), and other vehicles including buses and trucks (15%).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1845,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Motorcycles accounted for around 51% of total vehicles in 2015, followed by passenger cars (34%), and other vehicles including buses and trucks (15%). To reduce the number of accidents on Rwanda’s roads, motor vehicle inspection centres has been created. To reduce atmospheric pollution levels from the transport sector, the government has also committed to reducing the number of imported used cars by increasing taxes and plans the introduction of electric vehicles from 2020 onwards as part of its ‘e-mobility’ program. Other key transport strategies include bus promotion as part of public transport development, replacement of minibuses by modern buses and the promotion of mass rapid transportation.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1846,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Morbidity data indicate that acute respiratory infections are the leading causes of death in the country, followed by malaria and intestinal parasites (GoR, 2018a). According to the UNDP, life expectancy in Rwanda was 68.7 years in 2018, compared to 55.3 years in 2005 (UNDP, 2019). Rwanda is experiencing a rapid urbanization process associated with rapid population growth in its towns and cities. This increase is resulting in huge waste generation and high demand in public services including solid waste management services. For instance in City of Kigali, levels of waste entering landfill sites increased from 141.38 tons per year in 2006 to 495.76 tons per year in 2015. A standard “collect and dump” approach is the dominant waste management in most Rwandan cities.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1847,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"A standard “collect and dump” approach is the dominant waste management in most Rwandan cities. Increased involvement of the private sector increased the coverage of solid waste collection service; for example, 90% of the population in Kigali had access to solid waste collection service in 2015 compared to 44% in 2012. The same improvement is also being seen in other urban areas. Generation of electric power from landfill gas (LFG) collection at landfill site presents an opportunity to utilise waste methane and help meet growing energy demand. The main wastewater treatment and disposal systems in Kigali and secondary cities are dominated by septic tanks, soakaways and direct discharge in natural wetlands.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1848,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"There are several plans to develop wastewater treatment (WWT) systems over the coming years, including a Kigali central WWT project in Nyarugenge and a centralized sewerage system for Kibagabaga and Kinyinya catchments in the Gasabo District. The government also plans to increase waste recycling initiatives, including through the use of aerobic biological treatment (composting).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change The Government of Rwanda (GoR) is committed to taking urgent action to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. As a Party to the UNFCCC, the country seeks to contribute to the ambitious goal of limiting temperature rise to 2oC with efforts to reach 1.5oC agreed under the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1849,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"As a Party to the UNFCCC, the country seeks to contribute to the ambitious goal of limiting temperature rise to 2oC with efforts to reach 1.5oC agreed under the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015). Rwanda ratified the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995, the Kyoto Protocol in 2004, and the Paris Agreement in 2016. Rwanda submitted its National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (NAPA) in 2006. In line with the Paris Agreement, Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in 2015 which became its first NDC in 2016. Rwanda submitted its first National Communication to the UNFCCC in 2005, its second in 2012, and its third in 2018.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1850,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The strategy contains 14 Programmes of Action (PoA), as summarised in Table 3.1 below. The actions set out in the GGCRS provide the basis for the development of the NDC and the country’s commitment towards the implementation of the Paris agreement with mitigation and adaptations actions, as well as other key national guiding documents including Vision 2050, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), sectoral policies, Sector Strategic Plans, the Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR), and Sustainable Energy for All (2015-2030). Rwanda has also been an active member of regional and global initiatives to respond to the threat of climate change. These include participation in the East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Policy (2010) and subsequent East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Master Plan 2011–2031.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1851,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019). The policy’s objectives include (MoE, 2019): • Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); • Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda’s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; • Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); • Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and • Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 324}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1852,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The policy’s objectives include (MoE, 2019): • Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); • Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda’s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; • Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); • Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and • Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals. With the entry into force of the Paris Agreement in November 2016, the INDC became Rwanda’s first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 194}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1853,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,This section provides a brief description of the revision process of Rwanda’s nationally determined contribution for both the mitigation and adaptation components. Business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecasting The mitigation contributions presented in this updated NDC are based on achieving a relative GHG emissions reduction through 2015-2030 against a counterfactual baseline emissions projection representing the national emissions pathway in the absence of the mitigation measures. This requires developing sectoral BAU forecasts of output/activity and associated emissions through the NDC period; the subsequent tracking of progress against this baseline through implementation of mitigation projects will require the ongoing updating of the baseline.,"{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1854,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The analysis used to develop this updated NDC has involved identifying a range of mitigation options from within each of the NDC sectors for further consideration and quantitative analysis. A bottom-up ‘long-list’ was developed through close consultation with various stakeholders and experts, based on Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); an assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC to the UNFCCC (GoR, 2018a). A workshop was held in June 2019 in order to identify and discuss the ‘long-list’ according to sector-based discussion groups3. Guided discussions focused on three elements: 1. Review of NDC options: What is the current status of these projects? What is the planned timing?","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1855,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The following points outline the key steps that were followed in this revision process for identifying and assessing adaptation measures: • The process involved an extensive review of relevant documents on climate adaptation that have developed over time starting with the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (2011) and the associated sector working papers. • The analysis builds on the first NDC work and other more recent studies including the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (2017) along with the Gaps and Needs Analysis, the Forest Investment Program (2017), the vulnerability index (National, 2015 and District 2018), Rwanda National Communication to UNFCCC (2018), the Sector Strategic Plans (2017) and the first NDC Implementation Plan (2017).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1856,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• The analysis builds on the first NDC work and other more recent studies including the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (2017) along with the Gaps and Needs Analysis, the Forest Investment Program (2017), the vulnerability index (National, 2015 and District 2018), Rwanda National Communication to UNFCCC (2018), the Sector Strategic Plans (2017) and the first NDC Implementation Plan (2017). • Priority sectors were identified based on the NDC Partnership Plan that was led by the MoE with the support of the NDC Secretariat. The consideration was also based on the focus of the World Bank support in the context of the NDC Partnership Plan endorsed by the GoR in November 2018.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1857,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In addition, a multi-criteria analysis methodology was used for prioritization of adaptation interventions. • This then helped set adaptation indicators to guide baselines and categories of metrics at global, national/sub-national (to influence SSPs and DDSs) and finally at program and project levels.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 05 Mitigation Contribution Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period 2015-2030. The contribution comprises of two components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1858,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This section describes Rwanda’s nationally determined contribution to mitigation. It describes the emissions sources covered by the contribution according to the latest national GHG inventory year, the development of BAU emissions projections by sector to 2030, the expected contribution from mitigation measures according to each sector, and the associated funding requirements expected for both the unconditional and conditional components.24 GREEN RWANDA 5.2 National GHG Inventory Rwanda’s latest GHG inventory data is reported in its Third National Communication (TNC) to the UNFCCC (GoR, 2018a) covers emissions up to the year 2015. This is the year adopted as the NDC baseline year. As part of the NDC revision process, a review of the GHG inventory data was undertaken. This resulted in the correction of some errors and inconsistencies.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1859,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This resulted in the correction of some errors and inconsistencies. In addition, more recently available information and survey data allowed for actual activity and energy consumption data to replace previously estimated values. The historic and base year data described below are therefore based on this revised dataset which is considered the most recent and accurate information available against which to assess NDC mitigation contributions. These will be reflected in Rwanda’s forthcoming Biennial Update Report (BUR) and in the next National Communication. GHG inventory data in the base year 2015 are shown in Table 5.1 according to IPCC reporting categories for all GHG emissions sources, and summarised in aggregated form in Figure 5.1. Total emissions excluding forestry are estimated at 5.33 million tCO e for 2015.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1860,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Total emissions excluding forestry are estimated at 5.33 million tCO e for 2015. The agriculture sector accounted for the largest share of the total (2.94 million tCO of total), followed by energy (1.68 million tCO e, 31% of total) and waste (0.64 million tCO e, 12% of total). Emissions from IPPU represented just 0.08 million tCO e, equivalent to around 2% of total emissions in 2015; mainly associated with calcination CO emissions from clinker production. Emissions from livestock, predominantly CH from enteric fermentation in cattle, represented the largest emissions source category in the base year, followed by N O emissions from managed soils in crop production.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1861,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Emissions from livestock, predominantly CH from enteric fermentation in cattle, represented the largest emissions source category in the base year, followed by N O emissions from managed soils in crop production. Following these agricultural sources, major sources included CO emissions from fuel combustion for heating and cooking in buildings (LPG, kerosene), which accounted for 14% of the total, and CO emissions from liquid fuel use in road transport (diesel, gasoline), which accounted for 13% of the total. Figure 5.1 Rwanda’s GHG emissions by source in 2015, MtCO e Source: Rwanda National GHG Inventory data (as of September 2019); forestry excluded. Solid waste Waste water Transport MtCO e Buildings IPPU 0.1% Urea Application Managed soils Rice Cultivation Enteric fermentation Manure managementUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Table 5.1 Rwanda’s GHG emissions by source in 2015, MtCO e IPCC Reporting Categories GgCO e MtCO e Combustion Activities Industries 1.A.1.a. Electricity and Heat Production Sectors Institutional 2.D. Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 4 0.004 2.F.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1862,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 4 0.004 2.F. Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances 7 0.01 3.B. Land 3.B.1. Forest Land - - Sources and Emissions Sources on Land 3.C.5. Indirect N2O Emissions from managed soils 3.C.6. Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management 4.B. Biological Treatment of Solid Waste 159 0.16 4.C. Incineration and Open Burning of Waste 1 0.001 Total emissions Energy 1,677 1.68 Total emissions IPPU 82 0.08 Total emissions AFOLU 2,940 2.94 Total emissions Waste 637 0.64 TOTAL emissions (excluding forestry) 5,337 5.33 Source: Rwanda National GHG Inventory data (as of September 2019); forestry excluded.26 GREEN RWANDA 5.3 Mitigation actions 5.3.1 Methodological approach Rwanda’s NDC mitigation targets are based on an in-depth assessment of the country’s mitigation potential against a BAU baseline through 2030.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1863,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This has been undertaken through a process that integrates an analysis of Rwanda’s existing sectoral and climate policy framework, the generation of qualitative information through consultation with government officials, experts and stakeholders, quantitative modelling of mitigation options and scenarios, and multi-criteria assessment to prioritise measures and determine conditional and unconditional contributions. As described above, the mitigation assessment builds on the work undertaken in support of Rwanda’s INDC submission in 2015 and other more recent studies including e.g. GHG mitigation estimates made in the context of NAMAs and the TNC (GoR, 2018a), and a variety of other official data and information sources.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1864,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"GHG mitigation estimates made in the context of NAMAs and the TNC (GoR, 2018a), and a variety of other official data and information sources. The analysis comprised of three main stages: • Stage 1: Develop BAU emissions forecasts: Based on the national GHG inventory emissions described above for the base year of 2015, develop a revised BAU baseline scenario through 2030 according to key drivers of national GHG emissions e.g. GDP, population, sectoral output projections. • Stage 2: Assess and prioritise mitigation actions: Identify and collect information on mitigation options within each sector based on extensive cross-departmental discussions between officials and experts, quantify their emissions reduction potential through 2030 compared to BAU and undertake an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of each option.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1865,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,• Stage 3: Develop alternative GHG pathways for NDC: Model alternative GHG pathways based on the identified and prioritised mitigation options against the BAU baseline through 2030 to quantify emissions reduction potential for the NDC across sectors and associated costs and investment needs. The interaction between these three elements is shown below in Figure 5.2.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Figure 5.2 Overview of approach to analysis of mitigation potential 5.3.2 Business as usual (BAU) projections Rwanda’s mitigation contribution is based on a reduction relative to business as usual (BAU) emissions 2015-2030. The BAU projection represents the scenario according to which mitigation policies and actions are not implemented. It therefore provides the reference case (or baseline) against which the emissions reduction potential from mitigation actions have been quantified.,"{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1866,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It therefore provides the reference case (or baseline) against which the emissions reduction potential from mitigation actions have been quantified. BAU projections GHG forecast by sector and IPCC category 2015-2030 Sensitivity cases Mitigation assessment GHG emission reductions calculations Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) Evaluation of options Criteria based evaluation of mitigation options Prioritisation of options GHG reduction pathways (NDC) Mitigation options grouped into GHG reduction scenarios Calculations of impacts 2015- 203 against BAU projections Sensitivity cases Technical Outputs Emission reduction outputs (absolute; per capita; per GDP) Economic outputs (abatement costs; investment needs) Sectoral outputs (e.g energy use; power generation mix)28 GREEN RWANDA The development of BAU projections was based on detailed bottom-up modelling of activity and GHG forecasts developed for each emitting sector through 2030. These reflect a number of assumptions determining changes in inter alia energy supply and demand, sector output, technology uptake, and policy choices.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1867,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The medium population scenario has been used as the base assumption in BAU emissions6. An aggregated economy-wide forecast of BAU emissions through 2030 in shown below in Figure 5.3. This represents the BAU baseline projection, consistent with the Vision 2050 outlook, against which Rwanda’s mitigation contribution has been quantified. At an aggregate level, total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, 5 GDP growth averaged 7.5% over the decade to 2018 while per capita GDP grew at 5% annually (World Bank, 2019).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1868,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"At an aggregate level, total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, 5 GDP growth averaged 7.5% over the decade to 2018 while per capita GDP grew at 5% annually (World Bank, 2019). 6 The medium scenario predicts a total population growth of around 39% over the period 2015-2030; this rises to 43% under the high scenario and falls to 32% under the low scenario.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030. The graph shows that this represents an increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2006-2015, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth and official planning, instead of projections based on past trends7.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1869,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The graph shows that this represents an increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2006-2015, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth and official planning, instead of projections based on past trends7. The current projection compares with the TNC projection of around 10.2 million tCO e in 2030, representing a doubling from the base year8. The most rapid growth is forecast within industrial processes and energy use: the former expands its share of total emissions from 2% to around 4%, and the latter from 31% to 40% by 2030. The share of emissions from waste generation remains at around 12-13%, whilst agricultural sources decline from 55% to 43%.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1870,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options. A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders. This include Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC (GoR, 2018a). • Step 2: Assessing the potential. The identified long-list of mitigation options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2030 compared to the BAU baseline projection and their economic costs and benefits. • Step 3: Evaluating the options.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1871,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Conservation tillage: Reduction in vertical movement of soil, leaving more crop residue on the soil surface, thereby reducing soil erosion, reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB) 128 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. 40 GREEN RWANDALivestock Improved livestock species and population: Replacement of 10% domestic cows with improved cow species; expansion of fish farming, poultry and other small livestock to increase protein food supply without increasing cows; and change in livestock mix. Reduction in CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation. MINAGRI (RAB) 156 million USD Increased food security through introduction of more drought resistant livestock species and enhanced yields.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1872,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB) 156 million USD Increased food security through introduction of more drought resistant livestock species and enhanced yields. Table 5.6 Mitigation measures: Waste Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Solid waste Landfill gas utilisation Extraction and utilization of landfill gas (LFG) for power generation in connection to semi- or fully- controlled landfills for urban areas. Reduced CH4 emissions from landfill sites and avoided CO2 emissions from displacement of fossil-based electricity use. MININFRA, MINALOC (RURA, REMA, CoK, municipal and local government, WASAC) Investment in LFG plants and improved landfills est. 28 million USD. Creation of revenue generation opportunities of stakeholders in the waste management process chain. Improved quality of water, soil and local atmosphere. Increased access to electricity and reduced dependency on traditional biomass energy. Waste-to-energy (WtE) plants Development of WtE plants in Kigali and other urban areas through energy recovery options other than LFG.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1873,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This makes the country highly vulnerable to climate change. The country is still water scarce with 670 m³ of water per capita per year and 25% of the population are still unable to access safe drinking water (MoE, 2017).46 GREEN RWANDA Land is also vulnerable to heavy rainfall associated with soil erosion and landslides resulting in the loss of fertility in North, Western, and Southern province, while Eastern Province is often vulnerable to drought (GoR, 2015a). The high population density (415 inhabitants per square kilometre in 2012), puts pressure on natural resources (land for housing, agriculture, wood for domestic use in construction, cooking, infrastructure, etc.). Without proper land use planning and implementation, and with a growing population, these pressures are likely to increase.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1874,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It is important to note that this strategy was the basis of the INDC and consequently the first NDC. Other documents and reports that were reviewed to significantly inform and influence the revision process were the SPCR along with the Gaps and Needs Analysis, Forest Investment Plans (FIP) and the NDC implementation plans (2017 & 2018) as well as the national reports on the vulnerability index (2015 and 2019) and the Third National Communication. The Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) served as the critical reference documents for sector consultations and included identifying and refining the analytical framework that captures climate adaptation/ resilience.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1875,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.)","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1876,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1877,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These should also include a description of steps made to implement mitigation actions in support of the UNFCCC goal, among other aspects (as required under Decision 17/ CP.8 and other decisions on implementation details); and • Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to be submitted every two years. These should include an up-dated GHG inventory report from that of the NC, a measurement of mitigation actions and their impacts, reporting on the domestic MRV system and a description of needs and international support received. Rwanda submitted its Third National Communication (TNC) in September 2018, reporting on its national GHG inventory up to the year 2015. The country is currently preparing its first BUR and an updated GHG inventory.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1878,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINALOC supports the coordination and follow up on implementation of District Development Strategies. Thus, the NDC MRV as outlined in Table 7.2 above is embedded in the national planning and implementation processes that guide and facilitate results based review of development policies and strategies with the aim of continually applying policy relevant reforms to achieve national sustainable development targets.76 GREEN RWANDA References Government of Rwanda (GoR), 2011. Green Growth and Climate Resilience: National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development. Republic of Rwanda, Kigali. GoR, 2015a. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for the Republic of Rwanda. Republic of Rwanda, Kigali. GoR, 2015b. Rwanda report on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, sectoral analysis. REMA, Kigali. GoR, 2017a. 7 Years Government Programme: National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), 2017-2024. Rwanda, Kigali GoR, 2017b.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1879,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland MIDIMAR, 2015. The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda. Kigali: MIDIMAR. MINIRENA, 2010. Second national communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA), Kigali, Rwanda. MINIRENA, 2012. Second National Communication under the United National framework Convention on Climate Change (U.N.F.C.C.). Kigali: Ministry of Natural Resources-Republic of Rwanda. MINIRENA, 2014. Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunity Assessment for Rwanda.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MININFRA, 2017. Water and Sanitation Sector Strategic Plan 2018 - 2024. Kigali: MININFRA. MoE, 2017. Strategic Plan for the Environment and Natural Resources Sector 2018 – 2024, Rwanda. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2018. Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1880,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019. National Environmental and climate change policy. Kigali: MoE. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., 2015. Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda. South African Geographical Journal, 97(1): 50-68. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., (2016). Spatio-temporal trends in mean temperatures and aridity index over Rwanda. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 123: 399-414. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), 2011. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2011, NISR Kigali- Rwanda. NISR, 2014. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2014, NISR Kigali-Rwanda NISR, 2017. Formal External Trade in Goods Statistics report (Q4, 2017) NISR, (2018), Formal external trade in Goods report (January 2018) NISR, 2018. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1881,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019. The National Electrification Plan: Report on definition of technologies (On-grid and off-grid) at village level. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), 2009. Rwanda: State of Environment and Outlook Report 2009. Kigali: Rwanda Environment Management Authority-Republic of Rwanda. REMA, 2015. Baseline Climate Change Vulnerability Index for Rwanda. Kigali: REMA. RNRA, 2015. National Water Resources Master Plan, Kigali, Rwanda. SEI, 2009. Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP). Community for Energy, Environment and Development, Stockholm Environment Institute, 25th April 2009. See: Sirven, P., Gotanegre, J.F. et Prioul, C., 1974. Géographie du Rwanda, A. De Boeck-Bruxelles. United Nations (UN), 1987. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. United Nations, 1987. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1882,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Together we will build a green Rwanda and protect the planet. Dr. Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU ‘Business as usual’ BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda’s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 415}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1883,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Dr. Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU ‘Business as usual’ BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda’s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030. The contributions described in this submission build upon Rwanda’s existing NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets, and the prioritization of interventions to support these two areas.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 404}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1884,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The actions set out in the GGCRS provide the basis for the development of the NDC, as well as other key national guiding documents informing the country’s low carbon development, culminating most recently in the National Environment and Climate Change Policy enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and heathy environment. Mitigation contribution Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period 2015-2030. Rwanda’s latest GHG inventory data is reported in its Third National Communication (TNC) report to the UNFCCC and covers emissions up to the year 2015. This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1885,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year. Total emissions excluding forestry were estimated at 5.33 million tCO e. The agriculture sector accounted for the largest share of the total (2.94 million tCO e, 55% of total), followed by energy (1.68 million tCO e, 31% of total) and waste (0.64 million tCO e, 12% of total). Emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) represented just 0.08 million tCO e, equivalent to around 2% of total emissions in 2015 and mainly associated with calcination CO emissions from clinker production. Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1886,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030. The forecast indicates the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, arising from increasing demand for power generation, road transport and other modern energy uses. At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output is expected to be limited due to land availability, thereby limiting emissions growth from this sector. With the ongoing development of the country, Rwanda will therefore need to explore other innovative approaches in agriculture such as utilizing vertical farming technologies to increase crop yields within a smaller land area.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1887,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"With the ongoing development of the country, Rwanda will therefore need to explore other innovative approaches in agriculture such as utilizing vertical farming technologies to increase crop yields within a smaller land area. A detailed assessment of identified GHG mitigation options for Rwanda estimates a total emissions reduction potential of around 4.6 million tCO e in 2030 against the BAU emissions in the same year of 12.1 million tCO e. Based on this analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1888,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"A detailed assessment of identified GHG mitigation options for Rwanda estimates a total emissions reduction potential of around 4.6 million tCO e in 2030 against the BAU emissions in the same year of 12.1 million tCO e. Based on this analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 22 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.7 million tCO e in that year.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1889,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 22 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.7 million tCO e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 38 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 4.6 million tCO e in 2030. The mitigation contributions are summarised in the figure below against the BAU baseline for the target year 2030 (Figure ES-1).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1890,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The mitigation contributions are summarised in the figure below against the BAU baseline for the target year 2030 (Figure ES-1). The sectoral scope of the contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines (IPCC, 2006), including emissions from the categories of energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); waste; and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) but excluding sources from forestry and other land use. These sources may be included within future contributions, subject to improved data availability and ongoing development in the accuracy of their quantification within the national GHG inventory. The coverage of the contributions includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N O), and also hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1891,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The coverage of the contributions includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N O), and also hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Figure ES-1 NDC emissions reduction scenarios Million tCO e BAU Energy IPPU Waste Agriculture All NDC measures Domestic measures04 GREEN RWANDA Adaptation contribution Rwanda’s adaptation contribution prioritises adaptation interventions, establish baselines, and develops sector-level performance indicators and targets. These build upon the GGCRS and associated sector working papers, climate change vulnerability assessments reports, as well as the Strategic Programs for Climate Resilience (SPCRs). In total, 24 adaptation interventions are proposed, classified according to 8 key sectors (Figure ES-1). A total of 38 adaptation indicators have been developed to be aligned with baselines and adaptation targets.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1892,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"A total of 38 adaptation indicators have been developed to be aligned with baselines and adaptation targets. Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda’s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1893,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda’s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1894,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted biennially through Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1895,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The Paris Agreement contains several additional MRV requirements which, when taken together with the existing UNFCCC arrangements, provide an enhanced basis for Rwanda’s international reporting requirements. New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1896,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1897,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1898,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The levels have identified indicators that are relevant at global and national levels. The national level reporting will respond to data and information demands at strategic levels, sector strategic plans that inform joint sector reviews and other reporting requirements at the Prime Minister and Ministry of Finance and Economic planning (MINECOFIN) levels. Means of Implementation In order to fully implement the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in this NDC, Rwanda will require finance, capacity building and technology transfer. The total estimated cost for Rwanda’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is estimated at around 5.7 billion USD, and over 5.3 billion USD for adaptation priorities, representing a combined funding requirement of around 11 billion USD (Table ES-2).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1899,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The total estimated cost for Rwanda’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is estimated at around 5.7 billion USD, and over 5.3 billion USD for adaptation priorities, representing a combined funding requirement of around 11 billion USD (Table ES-2). For both mitigation and adaptation combined, unconditional measures account for around 40% of the total estimated funding requirements, and conditional measures around 60%. Table ES-2: Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs USD million Unconditional Conditional Grand Total Mitigation measures Adaptation measuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The Government of Rwanda will continue to commit significant resources to climate change relevant strategies. Rwandan communities, private sector and NGOs can also contribute significantly to these climate change-related activities through public-private partnerships.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1900,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The Paris Agreement (PA) entered into force in November 2016, following the universal adoption of the Agreement by Parties. Through the PA, developed and developing countries made individual commitments to transition toward a climate-resilient and low-emissions future. Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3). NDC’s are therefore the centrepiece of the Paris Agreement agreed through an international partnership that forms the foundation for the pathway towards a low-carbon and climate resilient development.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1901,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"NDC’s are therefore the centrepiece of the Paris Agreement agreed through an international partnership that forms the foundation for the pathway towards a low-carbon and climate resilient development. To ensure increasing levels of ambition to combat climate change, the PA requires that, at a minimum of every five years, Parties submit revised NDCs that represent a progression beyond the Party’s then current NDC (Article 4). The PA also establishes a new enhanced transparency framework (ETF) for action and support, providing the basis for Parties to monitor and report on their progress in implementing their NDCs (Article 13). Parties have been requested to submit their updated and revised NDCs to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2020.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1902,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The contributions described in this submission build upon Rwanda’s existing first NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work supported by the World Bank NDC Support Facility in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets, and the prioritization of interventions to support these two areas. The updated NDC represents a more detailed and robust assessment of mitigation and adaptation measures in Rwanda informed by in-depth analysis, improved information and data, and an extensive stakeholder-driven consultation process.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 1.2 Outline of this document This document describes Rwanda’s update of its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for mitigation and adaptation for the period 2020 to 2030. It is structured as follows: • Section 2 describes Rwanda’s national circumstances.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1903,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It is structured as follows: • Section 2 describes Rwanda’s national circumstances. • Section 3 presents Rwanda’s vision for climate change and a brief summary of its policy response through national, regional and global efforts to tackling climate change. • Section 4 summarises the NDC revision process covering both mitigation and adaptation contributions. • Section 5 presents Rwanda’s contribution to mitigation, including a description of GHG emissions mitigation options across key sectors and their reduction potential and funding requirements against a business-as-usual baseline to 2030, according to unconditional and conditional measures. • Section 6 summarises Rwanda’s vulnerability to climate change and sets out a framework of proposed measures relating to adaptation and resilience.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1904,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Section 8 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC. An Annex to this document outlines a framework of indicators for tracking implementation of the mitigation and adaptation contributions.10 GREEN RWANDA 02 National Circumstances This section provides a brief overview of Rwanda’s national circumstances, including the country’s geographic profile, its climate and climate change impacts, key socio-economic characteristics, natural resources and economic sectors. 2.1 Geographic profile Rwanda is a country located in the east of central Africa between 1°4´ and 2°51´south latitude, and 28°53´ and 30°53´ east longitude, and covers an area of 26,338 km2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1905,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"2.1 Geographic profile Rwanda is a country located in the east of central Africa between 1°4´ and 2°51´south latitude, and 28°53´ and 30°53´ east longitude, and covers an area of 26,338 km2. It lies approximately at 120 km south of the equator, at 1,100 kms from the Indian Ocean, at 1,920 km from the Atlantic Ocean, at 3,750 km from the Mediterranean Sea, and at 3,980 km from South Africa Cape. It is bordered by Uganda at the North, Tanzania at the East, Burundi at the South and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the West (GoR, 2018a). Rwanda’s administrative structure comprises 4 provinces (Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern Provinces) and City of Kigali, all subdivided into 30 districts, 416 sectors, 2,148 cells and 14,816 villages.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1906,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda’s administrative structure comprises 4 provinces (Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern Provinces) and City of Kigali, all subdivided into 30 districts, 416 sectors, 2,148 cells and 14,816 villages. The altitude varies between 900 m and 4,507 m from east to west where eastern plains lay between 1,000 m to 1,500 m and the central plateau region between 1,500 m and 2,000 m. The Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga have altitudes between 1,800 m and 4,507 m (the country’s highest point, on the top of the Kalisimbi volcano) while the regions around Kivu Lake and Bugarama plains are located at altitudes of between 900 m and 1800 m (Sirven et al, 1974; MINIRENA, 2010).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1907,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The country is divided into four main climatic regions: the eastern plains, central plateau, highlands, and regions around Lake Kivu. The eastern plains receive an annual rainfall of between 700 mm and 1,100 mm, with mean annual temperature oscillating between 20°C and 22°C. The central plateau region enjoys rainfall of between 1,100 mm and 1,300 mm, with an annual mean temperature of between 18°C and 20°C. The highlands, including the Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga, benefit from an annual rainfall of between 1,300 mm and 1,600 mm, with annual mean temperature ranging between 10°C and 18°C.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1908,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The highlands, including the Congo-Nile Ridge and volcanic chains of Birunga, benefit from an annual rainfall of between 1,300 mm and 1,600 mm, with annual mean temperature ranging between 10°C and 18°C. Regions around Lake Kivu and Bugarama plains have an annual rainfall of between 1,200 mm and 1,500 mm, with an annual mean temperature between 18°C and 22°C (Ilunga et al., 2004; MINIRENA, 2010; Muhire and Ahmed, 2015; 2016).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION As with many other countries, Rwanda is increasingly experiencing the impacts of climate change. Rainfall has become increasingly intense and the variability is predicted to increase by 5% to 10% (GoR, 2017b). Temperature increases have also been experienced, with records from 1971 to 2016 showing rises in mean temperature of between 1.4°C and 2.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1909,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"A rise in temperature is predicted across Rwanda in the coming years up to 2050, especially during the dry seasons. An additional seasonal increase of between 0.1 °C and 0.3 °C is projected on top of the annual mean temperature throughout the country, except for the northern region where a decrease of 0.06°C is expected. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in mean rainfall and number of rainy days is projected (GoR, 2018a). This explains why increased dry spells are anticipated across the country, especially in the eastern region. Climate change will also upset the north-west highlands and south-western districts of Rwanda with a rise in rainfall intensities.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1910,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda highlights that the country is highly prone to droughts, floods, landslides and windstorms (MIDIMAR, 2015). Other factors influencing the country’s climate change vulnerability include socio- economic drivers such as building in flood prone areas, high population density in prone areas, increased value of assets in flood-prone areas, and poor management of soil erosion. 2.3 Environment and natural resources Rwanda’s socio-economic development is dependent on the environment and natural resources such as land, water, air, minerals and biodiversity. Total arable land is estimated at 14,000 km2 or 52% of the country’s total surface area (26,338 km2). However, in 2014 the total cultivated area increased to 1,747,559 hectares or 66% of the national territory.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1911,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These smaller plots are overexploited, leading to degradation and a decrease in soil fertility (GoR, 2018a).12 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda’s hydrographic system is split into two basins divided by the Congo-Nile ridge, with water systems to the west of the ridge flowing into the Congo basin, and those to the east of ridge flowing into the Nile basin. The country’s hydrologic network covers 8% of the national territory, equivalent to about 2,143 km2, on which 101 lakes cover around 1300 km2 (RNRA, 2015), 861 rivers occupy about 72.6 km2 while the water of 860 wetlands and valleys covers 770 km2 (Sirven et al, 1974; REMA, 2009; MINIRENA, 2012). The Congo basin drains around 33% of the national territory with around 10% of the country’s water.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1912,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The Congo basin drains around 33% of the national territory with around 10% of the country’s water. The Nile basin drains around 67% of the national territory, with 90% of country’s water (Sirven et al, 1974). Rwanda’s territory is covered with diverse ecosystems which include natural ecosystems (mountain rainforests, gallery forests, savannah woodland, wetlands and aquatic forests), forested area and agro‐ ecosystems.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1913,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Unfortunately, Rwanda’s protected areas have lost around 50% of their original surface area over the last 40 years. There are also small reserve forests including Busaga, Buhanga, Sanza, Iwawa, Rubirizi, Makera, and a number of public and private plantation forests. Rwanda’s wetlands comprise marshlands, lakes, rivers and streams and represent around 15% of the national territory (of which 6.3% are marshlands and 8.6% are lakes and streams). Total wetlands cover an area of 276,477 ha of which 74% is classified as conditionally exploited, 6% unconditionally exploited, and 20% fully protected. Wetlands are dominated by papyruses, especially in the Kamiranzovu, Gishoma and Rugezi marshlands and around lakes such as Muhazi, Burera and Ruhondo.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1914,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Wetlands are dominated by papyruses, especially in the Kamiranzovu, Gishoma and Rugezi marshlands and around lakes such as Muhazi, Burera and Ruhondo. Plantations forest are distributed throughout the country and dominated by exotic species such as Eucalyptus, Pinus, and Grevillea. 2.4 Socio-economic characteristics Rwanda has experienced a rapid socio-economic and demographic transformation since 2000. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NSIR), real gross domestic product (GDP) across the period 2007-2017 rose from RWF 3.26 trillion to RWF 6.69 trillion, or by an average of 7.45% per year (GoR, 2018b). For the year 2015, the NSIR reports the working population (16 years and above) in Rwanda to be 6.4 million, with females representing 54% and males 46%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1915,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The majority of Rwandan households are reliant on agriculture for food and income. The agricultural sector employs over 70% of the working population and is characterized by low productivity and low economic value (NISR, 2014).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION According to the Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey (EICV5), Rwanda’s population grew from 8.13 million in 2002 to 11.23 million in 2015 (GoR, 2018b). Around 77% of the population lives in rural areas, and 23% in urban areas (of which the capital Kigali is by far the largest). The EICV5 foresees significant population growth under its central ‘medium growth’ scenario reaching 14.16 million by 2025 and 15.71 million by 2030 (Table 2.1).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1916,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The EICV5 foresees significant population growth under its central ‘medium growth’ scenario reaching 14.16 million by 2025 and 15.71 million by 2030 (Table 2.1). Table 2.1 Urban and rural population forecasts to 2030 Source: Adapted from GoR, 2018b and GoR, 2015b Rwanda’s policies for addressing poverty, and the goals for poverty reduction, are set out in the First National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), the Vision 2020 and Vision 2050 strategies (GoR, 2018b). These commit the government to reduce poverty from 44.9% in 2011 to 20% by 2020. The results of the EICV5 survey show that 38.2% of the population was poor in 2016/17, as compared to 39.1% in 2013/14 and 44.9% in 2010/11. Since 2010/11, extreme poverty fell from 24.1% to 16.0%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1917,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Since 2010/11, extreme poverty fell from 24.1% to 16.0%. There are substantial geographical differences in the poverty rates, with lower rates in urban areas than elsewhere (GoR, 2018b). 2.5 Economic sectors 2.5.1 Agriculture, fisheries and forests Agriculture is an important sector of the Rwandan economy, contributing 33% to national GDP in 2015 (GoR, 2018a) with almost 90% of households practice traditional subsistence agriculture, mainly on narrow plots of land exhausted by continuous utilization (ibid). National crop production comprises tubers and roots (37%) such as cassava, followed by banana (28%) and cereals (11%), legumes and pulses (8%), and vegetables and fruits (5%). Coffee and tea constitute Rwanda’s main export crops.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1918,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Coffee and tea constitute Rwanda’s main export crops. The use of chemical fertilizers has increased from 29% to 37% between 2010/11 and 2013/14 and remains higher than expenditure on organic fertilizers. The country has committed to reducing the population working in the agriculture sector by increasing productivity per hectare and promoting the recycling of organic waste and use of manure to improve soil fertility. The largest livestock population is concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of the country with goats, cattle and chickens being the most commonly owned types (GoR, 2018a). Cattle predominate on the larger farms in the east and central regions while in the southern parts where farms are often as small as 0.5 ha, few households own cattle.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1919,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Cattle predominate on the larger farms in the east and central regions while in the southern parts where farms are often as small as 0.5 ha, few households own cattle. In these areas, the government is promoting the One-Cow-per-Poor-Family, or Grinka, program.14 GREEN RWANDA Fish production has increased significantly since 2011 (for example, rising from 11.662 tons in 2011 to 24,550 tons in 2013; GOR, 2018a). Rwanda is turning around a legacy of deforestation in keeping with its 2020 goal to increase forest cover to 30% of national land area (MINIRENA, 2015). Natural forests, which cover 10.8 % of the country, comprise forested belts in National Parks, forest reserves, natural and gallery forests and other remnant forests.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1920,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Natural forests, which cover 10.8 % of the country, comprise forested belts in National Parks, forest reserves, natural and gallery forests and other remnant forests. Forest plantations of exotic tree species (mostly eucalyptus and pine), woodlots and agro-forestry plantations cover 18.4 % and represent nearly 63% of the country’s total forest cover. Plantation forests supply almost all fuelwood, with charcoal accounting for about 15.2 % of households’ primary energy sources. Rwanda is actively promoting agro-forestry to provide wood for fuel during the transition to available and affordable electricity for all. Agro-forestry also helps combat soil erosion, provides fodder, improves soil fertility and contributes to social well-being and green economic growth (GoR, 2018a).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1921,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Agro-forestry also helps combat soil erosion, provides fodder, improves soil fertility and contributes to social well-being and green economic growth (GoR, 2018a). 2.5.2 Services and tourism The services and tourism sector is a major driver of economic growth in Rwanda, contributing 47% to national GDP in 2015 (GoR, 2018a). Key growing service areas include banking, insurance, and transport. Services exports grew by 10% per annum between 2009 and 2014. The travel sector (including tourism) has steadily increased its share of total services exports in recent years. In 2014, 76% of services receipts were generated in the travel and tourism sector, contributing USD 303 million in export revenue, up from USD 174 million in 2009 (GoR, 2018a). Freight and other transportation services are also important contributors.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1922,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Freight and other transportation services are also important contributors. The number of visitors to Rwanda has increased over recent years, driven largely by tourist visits to the country’s national parks. In 2015 national parks counted 72,790 visitors, of which 44% visited the Volcano national park and 44% visited the Akagera national park (GoR, 2018a). 2.5.3 Trade and industry Rwanda’s industry sector mainly comprises construction, manufacturing, mining and quarrying. In 2011, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM) developed a national export strategy aiming to transform Rwanda into a globally competitive export economy. The industry sector has since grown to contribute 14% to national GDP (GoR, 2018a).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1923,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The industry sector has since grown to contribute 14% to national GDP (GoR, 2018a). In the fourth quarter of 2017, Rwanda’s total trade amounted to USD 959.48 million, an increase of 19.8% over the fourth quarter of 2016. Exports totalled USD 157.53 million, imports totalled USD 724.15 million and re-exports were valued at USD 77.70 million (NISR, 2017). The deficit in the balance of formal trade in goods was USD 136.17 million in January 2018, a decrease of 24% compared to the previous month of December 2017. Year-over- year, the formal trade in goods deficit increased by 1.45% on the deficit of January 2017 (NISR, 2018). National exports are dominated on a volume basis by re-export products (including petroleum products, machines, vehicles and engines), tea and coffee.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1924,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increasing investment in generating capacity and improving access to electricity represent important energy policy aims, and recent years have seen major improvements. For example, during the period between 2012 and 2015, electricity generation increased by 72% and access to electricity improved from around 5% to 36% although lower than the 50% targeted in 2016 (GoR, 2018a). Rwanda is also undertaking various energy efficiency programs including the distribution of compact fluorescent lights (CFL), the ‘SolaRwanda’ Solar Water Heaters (SWH) project, and the replacement of high-pressure sodium lamps with LEDs in street lights. Rwanda’s transport sector is dominated by land transport due to the improved national and districts road network and increased investment in public transport.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1925,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda’s transport sector is dominated by land transport due to the improved national and districts road network and increased investment in public transport. Transport is mainly undertaken by road with a current classified road network consisting of national roads (2,749 km), district roads class 1 (3,906 km) district roads class 2 (9,706 km) and other unclassified roads. With increasing demand for travel, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically over the past decade. Based on number of registrations, total vehicle numbers are estimated to have grown from 47,631 in 2006 to 161,925 in 2015, representing an increase of over 300%1. Motorcycles accounted for around 51% of total vehicles in 2015, followed by passenger cars (34%), and other vehicles including buses and trucks (15%).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1926,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Motorcycles accounted for around 51% of total vehicles in 2015, followed by passenger cars (34%), and other vehicles including buses and trucks (15%). To reduce the number of accidents on Rwanda’s roads, motor vehicle inspection centres has been created. To reduce atmospheric pollution levels from the transport sector, the government has also committed to reducing the number of imported used cars by increasing taxes and plans the introduction of electric vehicles from 2020 onwards as part of its ‘e-mobility’ program. Other key transport strategies include bus promotion as part of public transport development, replacement of minibuses by modern buses and the promotion of mass rapid transportation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1927,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Morbidity data indicate that acute respiratory infections are the leading causes of death in the country, followed by malaria and intestinal parasites (GoR, 2018a). According to the UNDP, life expectancy in Rwanda was 68.7 years in 2018, compared to 55.3 years in 2005 (UNDP, 2019). Rwanda is experiencing a rapid urbanization process associated with rapid population growth in its towns and cities. This increase is resulting in huge waste generation and high demand in public services including solid waste management services. For instance in City of Kigali, levels of waste entering landfill sites increased from 141.38 tons per year in 2006 to 495.76 tons per year in 2015. A standard “collect and dump” approach is the dominant waste management in most Rwandan cities.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1928,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"There are several plans to develop wastewater treatment (WWT) systems over the coming years, including a Kigali central WWT project in Nyarugenge and a centralized sewerage system for Kibagabaga and Kinyinya catchments in the Gasabo District. The government also plans to increase waste recycling initiatives, including through the use of aerobic biological treatment (composting).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change The Government of Rwanda (GoR) is committed to taking urgent action to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. As a Party to the UNFCCC, the country seeks to contribute to the ambitious goal of limiting temperature rise to 2oC with efforts to reach 1.5oC agreed under the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1929,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reflecting these aims, in 2011 the country adopted the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) setting out the country’s actions and priorities on climate change relating to both mitigation and adaptation and how these will be mainstreamed within economic planning (GoR, 2011). The strategy provides a vision for how Rwanda can tackle climate change through becoming a climate resilient and low carbon economy, and projects actions to be undertaken to inform Rwanda’s strategy for economic development, Vision 2050. The strategy contains 14 Programmes of Action (PoA), as summarised in Table 3.1 below.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1930,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The strategy contains 14 Programmes of Action (PoA), as summarised in Table 3.1 below. The actions set out in the GGCRS provide the basis for the development of the NDC and the country’s commitment towards the implementation of the Paris agreement with mitigation and adaptations actions, as well as other key national guiding documents including Vision 2050, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), sectoral policies, Sector Strategic Plans, the Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR), and Sustainable Energy for All (2015-2030). Rwanda has also been an active member of regional and global initiatives to respond to the threat of climate change. These include participation in the East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Policy (2010) and subsequent East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Master Plan 2011–2031.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1931,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These include participation in the East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Policy (2010) and subsequent East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Master Plan 2011–2031. Rwanda also joined the NDC Partnership and launched18 GREEN RWANDA its NDC Partnership Plan during the Africa Green Growth Forum held in Kigali in November 2018. In addition, after conducting an assessment of economic impact of climate change in 2009, the GoR decided to establish a department of climate change within REMA to advise the government on all climate change related issues in the country.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1932,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In addition, after conducting an assessment of economic impact of climate change in 2009, the GoR decided to establish a department of climate change within REMA to advise the government on all climate change related issues in the country. Table 3.1 Rwanda’s Green growth and Climate Resilience Strategy The Rwanda Green Fund (FONERWA) was established in 2012 and invests in sustainable wealth creation and poverty reduction by providing strategic financing that accelerates Rwanda’s commitment to building a strong climate resilient and green economy. In addition, the GoR revised its environment law in 2018 to include a number of articles that are relevant to climate change mitigation and adaptation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1933,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It covers a wide variety of articles on environment and climate change such as mainstreaming the environment and climate change into planning process, reporting, education on the conservation, and response measures on climate change and technology transfer. PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1934,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019). The policy’s objectives include (MoE, 2019): • Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); • Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda’s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; • Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); • Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and • Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1935,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"With the entry into force of the Paris Agreement in November 2016, the INDC became Rwanda’s first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The first NDC is built upon the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS), as well as other key national policies and guiding documents. This updated NDC updates and strengthens the first NDC for both the mitigation and adaptation contributions, informed by improved data collection, in-depth technical analysis and extensive stakeholder engagement. In the case of mitigation, detailed sector- and project-based modelling has been undertaken to now estimate the country’s mitigation potential and develop quantified conditional and unconditional contributions through 2030. This section provides a brief description of the revision process of Rwanda’s nationally determined contribution for both the mitigation and adaptation components.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1936,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,This section provides a brief description of the revision process of Rwanda’s nationally determined contribution for both the mitigation and adaptation components. Business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecasting The mitigation contributions presented in this updated NDC are based on achieving a relative GHG emissions reduction through 2015-2030 against a counterfactual baseline emissions projection representing the national emissions pathway in the absence of the mitigation measures. This requires developing sectoral BAU forecasts of output/activity and associated emissions through the NDC period; the subsequent tracking of progress against this baseline through implementation of mitigation projects will require the ongoing updating of the baseline.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1937,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The analysis used to develop this updated NDC has involved identifying a range of mitigation options from within each of the NDC sectors for further consideration and quantitative analysis. A bottom-up ‘long-list’ was developed through close consultation with various stakeholders and experts, based on Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); an assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC to the UNFCCC (GoR, 2018a). A workshop was held in June 2019 in order to identify and discuss the ‘long-list’ according to sector-based discussion groups3. Guided discussions focused on three elements: 1. Review of NDC options: What is the current status of these projects? What is the planned timing?","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1938,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Guided discussions focused on three elements: 1. Review of NDC options: What is the current status of these projects? What is the planned timing? What are the implementation arrangements and needs? 2. Discussion of additional options: What other options could be applicable in Rwanda? What are the key challenges? What are the policy gaps and support needs? 3. Identifying data sources and gaps: What are the existing information sources? Where are the key data gaps required for detailed analysis? Discussion of contact points and specific arrangements for follow-up data collection. A modified ‘long list’ emerging from the workshop discussions was further refined, based on subsequent meetings held between the consulting team, government officials and sector experts though July 2019 - January 2020.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1939,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The identified measures provided the basis for the GHG emissions modelling described in the following section. 3 Rwanda NDC Implementation Workshop on BAU and mitigation options, held on 18 June 2019, Serena Hotel Kigali 4 As such, the long-list of mitigation options can be considered to be a comprehensive list of mitigation options across Rwanda’s emitting sector but does not represent a technical assessment of the country’s full mitigation potential. Technically possible by highly unfeasible options (e.g. carbon capture storage) were not considered.22 GREEN RWANDA The adaptation inputs depicted in this updated NDC are based on producing quantified targets for adaptation/resilience, evaluate priority interventions, develop monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for adaptation interventions.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1940,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In addition, a multi-criteria analysis methodology was used for prioritization of adaptation interventions. • This then helped set adaptation indicators to guide baselines and categories of metrics at global, national/sub-national (to influence SSPs and DDSs) and finally at program and project levels.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 05 Mitigation Contribution Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period 2015-2030. The contribution comprises of two components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1941,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 22 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.7 million tCO e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 38 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2030; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 4.6 million tCO e in 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1942,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 38 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2030; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 4.6 million tCO e in 2030. The sectoral scope of the contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines, including emissions from the categories of energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); waste; and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) but excluding sources from forestry and other land use. These sources may be included within future contributions, subject to improved data availability and ongoing development in the accuracy of their quantification within the national GHG inventory.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1943,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This section describes Rwanda’s nationally determined contribution to mitigation. It describes the emissions sources covered by the contribution according to the latest national GHG inventory year, the development of BAU emissions projections by sector to 2030, the expected contribution from mitigation measures according to each sector, and the associated funding requirements expected for both the unconditional and conditional components.24 GREEN RWANDA 5.2 National GHG Inventory Rwanda’s latest GHG inventory data is reported in its Third National Communication (TNC) to the UNFCCC (GoR, 2018a) covers emissions up to the year 2015. This is the year adopted as the NDC baseline year. As part of the NDC revision process, a review of the GHG inventory data was undertaken. This resulted in the correction of some errors and inconsistencies.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1944,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This resulted in the correction of some errors and inconsistencies. In addition, more recently available information and survey data allowed for actual activity and energy consumption data to replace previously estimated values. The historic and base year data described below are therefore based on this revised dataset which is considered the most recent and accurate information available against which to assess NDC mitigation contributions. These will be reflected in Rwanda’s forthcoming Biennial Update Report (BUR) and in the next National Communication. GHG inventory data in the base year 2015 are shown in Table 5.1 according to IPCC reporting categories for all GHG emissions sources, and summarised in aggregated form in Figure 5.1. Total emissions excluding forestry are estimated at 5.33 million tCO e for 2015.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1945,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Total emissions excluding forestry are estimated at 5.33 million tCO e for 2015. The agriculture sector accounted for the largest share of the total (2.94 million tCO of total), followed by energy (1.68 million tCO e, 31% of total) and waste (0.64 million tCO e, 12% of total). Emissions from IPPU represented just 0.08 million tCO e, equivalent to around 2% of total emissions in 2015; mainly associated with calcination CO emissions from clinker production. Emissions from livestock, predominantly CH from enteric fermentation in cattle, represented the largest emissions source category in the base year, followed by N O emissions from managed soils in crop production.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1946,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Emissions from livestock, predominantly CH from enteric fermentation in cattle, represented the largest emissions source category in the base year, followed by N O emissions from managed soils in crop production. Following these agricultural sources, major sources included CO emissions from fuel combustion for heating and cooking in buildings (LPG, kerosene), which accounted for 14% of the total, and CO emissions from liquid fuel use in road transport (diesel, gasoline), which accounted for 13% of the total. Figure 5.1 Rwanda’s GHG emissions by source in 2015, MtCO e Source: Rwanda National GHG Inventory data (as of September 2019); forestry excluded. Solid waste Waste water Transport MtCO e Buildings IPPU 0.1% Urea Application Managed soils Rice Cultivation Enteric fermentation Manure managementUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Table 5.1 Rwanda’s GHG emissions by source in 2015, MtCO e IPCC Reporting Categories GgCO e MtCO e Combustion Activities Industries 1.A.1.a. Electricity and Heat Production Sectors Institutional 2.D. Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 4 0.004 2.F.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1947,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 4 0.004 2.F. Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances 7 0.01 3.B. Land 3.B.1. Forest Land - - Sources and Emissions Sources on Land 3.C.5. Indirect N2O Emissions from managed soils 3.C.6. Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management 4.B. Biological Treatment of Solid Waste 159 0.16 4.C. Incineration and Open Burning of Waste 1 0.001 Total emissions Energy 1,677 1.68 Total emissions IPPU 82 0.08 Total emissions AFOLU 2,940 2.94 Total emissions Waste 637 0.64 TOTAL emissions (excluding forestry) 5,337 5.33 Source: Rwanda National GHG Inventory data (as of September 2019); forestry excluded.26 GREEN RWANDA 5.3 Mitigation actions 5.3.1 Methodological approach Rwanda’s NDC mitigation targets are based on an in-depth assessment of the country’s mitigation potential against a BAU baseline through 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1948,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Incineration and Open Burning of Waste 1 0.001 Total emissions Energy 1,677 1.68 Total emissions IPPU 82 0.08 Total emissions AFOLU 2,940 2.94 Total emissions Waste 637 0.64 TOTAL emissions (excluding forestry) 5,337 5.33 Source: Rwanda National GHG Inventory data (as of September 2019); forestry excluded.26 GREEN RWANDA 5.3 Mitigation actions 5.3.1 Methodological approach Rwanda’s NDC mitigation targets are based on an in-depth assessment of the country’s mitigation potential against a BAU baseline through 2030. This has been undertaken through a process that integrates an analysis of Rwanda’s existing sectoral and climate policy framework, the generation of qualitative information through consultation with government officials, experts and stakeholders, quantitative modelling of mitigation options and scenarios, and multi-criteria assessment to prioritise measures and determine conditional and unconditional contributions.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1949,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"GHG mitigation estimates made in the context of NAMAs and the TNC (GoR, 2018a), and a variety of other official data and information sources. The analysis comprised of three main stages: • Stage 1: Develop BAU emissions forecasts: Based on the national GHG inventory emissions described above for the base year of 2015, develop a revised BAU baseline scenario through 2030 according to key drivers of national GHG emissions e.g. GDP, population, sectoral output projections. • Stage 2: Assess and prioritise mitigation actions: Identify and collect information on mitigation options within each sector based on extensive cross-departmental discussions between officials and experts, quantify their emissions reduction potential through 2030 compared to BAU and undertake an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of each option.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1950,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Stage 2: Assess and prioritise mitigation actions: Identify and collect information on mitigation options within each sector based on extensive cross-departmental discussions between officials and experts, quantify their emissions reduction potential through 2030 compared to BAU and undertake an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of each option. In order to prioritize actions and determine which can be supported domestically and which require international support, a multi-criteria-based assessment of the identified measures was undertaken to determine environmental effectiveness, socio-economic effectiveness and feasibility. • Stage 3: Develop alternative GHG pathways for NDC: Model alternative GHG pathways based on the identified and prioritised mitigation options against the BAU baseline through 2030 to quantify emissions reduction potential for the NDC across sectors and associated costs and investment needs.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1951,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,• Stage 3: Develop alternative GHG pathways for NDC: Model alternative GHG pathways based on the identified and prioritised mitigation options against the BAU baseline through 2030 to quantify emissions reduction potential for the NDC across sectors and associated costs and investment needs. The interaction between these three elements is shown below in Figure 5.2.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Figure 5.2 Overview of approach to analysis of mitigation potential 5.3.2 Business as usual (BAU) projections Rwanda’s mitigation contribution is based on a reduction relative to business as usual (BAU) emissions 2015-2030. The BAU projection represents the scenario according to which mitigation policies and actions are not implemented. It therefore provides the reference case (or baseline) against which the emissions reduction potential from mitigation actions have been quantified.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1952,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It therefore provides the reference case (or baseline) against which the emissions reduction potential from mitigation actions have been quantified. BAU projections GHG forecast by sector and IPCC category 2015-2030 Sensitivity cases Mitigation assessment GHG emission reductions calculations Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) Evaluation of options Criteria based evaluation of mitigation options Prioritisation of options GHG reduction pathways (NDC) Mitigation options grouped into GHG reduction scenarios Calculations of impacts 2015- 203 against BAU projections Sensitivity cases Technical Outputs Emission reduction outputs (absolute; per capita; per GDP) Economic outputs (abatement costs; investment needs) Sectoral outputs (e.g energy use; power generation mix)28 GREEN RWANDA The development of BAU projections was based on detailed bottom-up modelling of activity and GHG forecasts developed for each emitting sector through 2030. These reflect a number of assumptions determining changes in inter alia energy supply and demand, sector output, technology uptake, and policy choices.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1953,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These provide long-term emissions projections for Rwanda through 2050 using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) software system developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI, 2009) and supplemented by various excel-based calculations. As described above, the BAU modelling develops and improves in the TNC projections in several ways, including through the use of more recent data and sectoral analysis. Changes in production, energy use and GHG emissions through 2030 will be driven by a number of factors. The two most important drivers in the specific context of Rwanda’s NDC sectors are considered to be: • Economic growth: Economic growth within key sectors will drive demand for energy, industrial output and services such as road transport and housing.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1954,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The two most important drivers in the specific context of Rwanda’s NDC sectors are considered to be: • Economic growth: Economic growth within key sectors will drive demand for energy, industrial output and services such as road transport and housing. Lower rates of GDP growth over the coming years will therefore tend to restrain demand and output, and GHG emissions levels. As set out in the country’s vision for continued economic development5, Vision 2050, Rwanda aspires to reach Middle Income Country (MIC) and High-Income Country (HIC) status by 2035 and 2050, respectively. The Vision will be delivered through a series of seven-year National Strategies for Transformation (NST1), underpinned by detailed sectoral strategies (World Bank, 2019). The current NST1 covers the period 2017-2024 (GoR, 2017a).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1955,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The medium population scenario has been used as the base assumption in BAU emissions6. An aggregated economy-wide forecast of BAU emissions through 2030 in shown below in Figure 5.3. This represents the BAU baseline projection, consistent with the Vision 2050 outlook, against which Rwanda’s mitigation contribution has been quantified. At an aggregate level, total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, 5 GDP growth averaged 7.5% over the decade to 2018 while per capita GDP grew at 5% annually (World Bank, 2019).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1956,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"At an aggregate level, total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, 5 GDP growth averaged 7.5% over the decade to 2018 while per capita GDP grew at 5% annually (World Bank, 2019). 6 The medium scenario predicts a total population growth of around 39% over the period 2015-2030; this rises to 43% under the high scenario and falls to 32% under the low scenario.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030. The graph shows that this represents an increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2006-2015, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth and official planning, instead of projections based on past trends7.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1957,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The graph shows that this represents an increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2006-2015, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth and official planning, instead of projections based on past trends7. The current projection compares with the TNC projection of around 10.2 million tCO e in 2030, representing a doubling from the base year8. The most rapid growth is forecast within industrial processes and energy use: the former expands its share of total emissions from 2% to around 4%, and the latter from 31% to 40% by 2030. The share of emissions from waste generation remains at around 12-13%, whilst agricultural sources decline from 55% to 43%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1958,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The share of emissions from waste generation remains at around 12-13%, whilst agricultural sources decline from 55% to 43%. Although these do not represent dramatic shifts in emissions sources, they clearly indicate the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, arising from increasing demand for power generation, road transport services and other modern energy uses. At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output is expected to be limited due to land availability, thereby limiting emissions growth from this sector. Figure 5.3 BAU GHG emissions projection, all NDC sectors Wastewater Manure management Industry Solid Waste Enteric fermentation Electricity Rice cultivation IPPU Urea application Buildings Managed soils Transport 7 This pattern is consistent with developing countries emissions trajectories; see for example historic Non-Annex B emissions in","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1959,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 5.3 BAU GHG emissions projection, all NDC sectors Wastewater Manure management Industry Solid Waste Enteric fermentation Electricity Rice cultivation IPPU Urea application Buildings Managed soils Transport 7 This pattern is consistent with developing countries emissions trajectories; see for example historic Non-Annex B emissions in 8 Note that this value is ‘corrected’ to account for data errors in the TNC reported data (GoR, 2018a).30 GREEN RWANDA 5.3.3 Mitigation assessment A detailed assessment of GHG mitigation options for Rwanda was undertaken in order to determine which options are most suitable within the NDC. The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1960,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options. A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders. This include Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC (GoR, 2018a). • Step 2: Assessing the potential. The identified long-list of mitigation options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2030 compared to the BAU baseline projection and their economic costs and benefits. • Step 3: Evaluating the options.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1961,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Step 3: Evaluating the options. The quantitative analysis undertaken in Step 2 was complimented by a broader, multi criteria-based, assessment in order to identify those options considered most suitable or feasible to be implemented under the NDC and to determine which can be implemented through domestic efforts (unconditional measures) and those requiring international support and finance (conditional measures). Assessing the potential Figure 5.4 summarises the estimated emissions reduction potential in 2030 for all mitigation measures assessed from the ‘long list’ of all mitigation measures. The pie charts indicate the relative contribution made from projects within the key sectors of energy (covering energy use in electricity generation, industry, transport, commercial and residential, and agriculture), waste, IPPU and agriculture against the BAU baseline described above.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1962,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The pie charts indicate the relative contribution made from projects within the key sectors of energy (covering energy use in electricity generation, industry, transport, commercial and residential, and agriculture), waste, IPPU and agriculture against the BAU baseline described above. The total mitigation potential is estimated at around 4.6 million tCO e in 2030 compared to BAU emissions in the same year of 12.1 million tCO e. According to the analysis, mitigation measures identified within the agriculture sector accounts for 49% of the total potential, followed by energy (34% of total), waste (14%), and IPPU (3%). Within agriculture, soil conservation measures – which include terracing, conservation tillage, multi-cropping and crop rotation practices – account for around half of the sector’s mitigation potential.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1963,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Mitigation potential from IPPU sources is by comparison relatively limited, with the majority of emissions reductions arising from increased use of clinker substitute for cement production (volcanic pozzolanas), followed by reduction of fluorinated gases (F-gases), in line with the 2016 Kigali amendment of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (UN, 1987). Figure 5.4 Estimated GHG mitigation potential in 2030 from all mitigation measures MtCO e Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste Increased pozzolanas in cement F-gases substitution MtCO e Landfill gas utilisation Waste-to- energy Aerobic compositing Waste-water treatment32 GREEN RWANDA MtCO e MtCO e Solar mini grids Solar water heaters Efficient cook stoves Electric vehicles Efficient lighting Vehicle standards Hydropower Solar irrigation Other solar On-farm biogas Industry Improved fertilisers efficiency Soil conservation (terracing) Conservation tillage Soil Conservation (multicropping) Soil Conservation (rotation) Improved livestock husbandry Improved livestock species Compost production Manure management Energy AgricultureUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Evaluating the options The identified mitigation options were assessed according to a multi-criteria evaluation framework.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1964,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 5.4 Estimated GHG mitigation potential in 2030 from all mitigation measures MtCO e Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste Increased pozzolanas in cement F-gases substitution MtCO e Landfill gas utilisation Waste-to- energy Aerobic compositing Waste-water treatment32 GREEN RWANDA MtCO e MtCO e Solar mini grids Solar water heaters Efficient cook stoves Electric vehicles Efficient lighting Vehicle standards Hydropower Solar irrigation Other solar On-farm biogas Industry Improved fertilisers efficiency Soil conservation (terracing) Conservation tillage Soil Conservation (multicropping) Soil Conservation (rotation) Improved livestock husbandry Improved livestock species Compost production Manure management Energy AgricultureUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Evaluating the options The identified mitigation options were assessed according to a multi-criteria evaluation framework. This was undertaken partly to assess the suitability of the identified measures within the NDC, and also to help inform the decision of which could be considered unconditional (domestically supported) measures, and which could be instead considered as conditional on international support. A detailed economic assessment was made for the full list of options. Although economic efficiency is a key criterion, climate policy must also respond to other key issues such as e.g.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1965,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"A set of criteria was chosen according to these three broad categories, drawing from international literature and guidance on good practice climate policy development (IPCC, 2007). On the balance of the criteria evaluation framework, and informed by stakeholder and cross- departmental consultation, the majority of the assessed options were considered to be ‘high priority’ or ‘medium priority’ options; no options are considered inappropriate as part of Rwanda’s mitigation contribution. All measures were also considered to be potentially applicable for implementation before 2030, subject to financial support and overcoming implementation challenges. In common with many other developing country Parties, Rwanda mitigation contribution has been developed according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: Those mitigation measures and policies which will be implemented ‘unconditionally’ through domestic efforts alone (e.g.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1966,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In common with many other developing country Parties, Rwanda mitigation contribution has been developed according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: Those mitigation measures and policies which will be implemented ‘unconditionally’ through domestic efforts alone (e.g. funded within committed national policy plans and actions); and • Conditional contribution: Additional mitigation measures which could be implemented, but only conditional upon the availability of international support (including funding and other types of support from donors, climate finance and potentially carbon markets). The multi-criteria evaluation process provided a basis to clarify the identified options according to these two groupings. In so doing, the following broad considerations were also used to help guide the choices:34 GREEN RWANDA 1.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1967,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In so doing, the following broad considerations were also used to help guide the choices:34 GREEN RWANDA 1. Costs and investment levels: Higher cost projects and those requiring significant investment levels are typically considered more suitable to international support given national budget and resource constraints. 2. Inclusion within existing national policies and sector plans: Several projects and measures are already included within national policy planning and budgeted within sector plans: these can therefore be viewed as domestically supported. 3. Suitability to international support: Some measures are more or less suited to existing and emerging forms of support and climate finance, for example in terms of projects types.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1968,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Suitability to international support: Some measures are more or less suited to existing and emerging forms of support and climate finance, for example in terms of projects types. The subsequent classification of the mitigation measures according to unconditional and conditional measures is shown in the NDC Implementation Plan presented further below. 5.3.4 Mitigation contribution Figure 5.5 illustrates the emission projections for the BAU baseline, and Rwanda’s mitigation contribution for domestic unconditional projects and for all projects (unconditional and conditional). The associated values are shown in the table below. The graph shows emissions more than doubling under the BAU projection from 5.3 MtCO e in the base year to around e in 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1969,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The graph shows emissions more than doubling under the BAU projection from 5.3 MtCO e in the base year to around e in 2030. With the domestically supported unconditional mitigation measures, 2030 emissions are forecast to instead rise to around 10.2 MtCO e, representing a reduction against BAU of around 16%. With both domestic and conditional mitigation measures, emissions are forecast to instead total around 7.5 MtCO e, equal to a reduction of 38% by 2030 against the same baseline. Figure 5.5 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline MtCO e BAU BAU (base case) Domestic Measures All NDC measuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Table 5.2 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline The mitigation contributions are summarised in Figure 5.6 below for the year 2030, which also shows the contribution of each sector to the total estimated mitigation potential.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1970,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 5.5 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline MtCO e BAU BAU (base case) Domestic Measures All NDC measuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Table 5.2 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline The mitigation contributions are summarised in Figure 5.6 below for the year 2030, which also shows the contribution of each sector to the total estimated mitigation potential. Total emissions (MtCO2e) GHG reduction relative to BAU Figure 5.6 Mitigation contributions in 2030 5.4 Implementation plan The following tables present a high-level summary for each of the mitigation measures quantified as part of the unconditional and conditional contributions, shown by sector and summarised by each of the key implementation aspects including responsible government ministries and implementing lead agencies, the planned timeline, and estimated funding requirements. Adaptation benefits and linkages with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also shown.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1971,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Adaptation benefits and linkages with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also shown. Million tCO e BAU Energy IPPU Waste Agriculture All NDC measures Domestic measuresGREEN RWANDA Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Electricity generation Grid-connected hydropower generation Development of 56.75 MW large hydro capacity (capacity > 5 MW), 24.5 MW small and mini hydro projects (capacity <5MW) and 75 MW regional projects by 2030. Displacement of GHG emissions from fossil fuel power generation (peat, diesel oil). MININFRA (REG, EDCL) Total plant capital costs estimated at 328 million USD. Potential for improved water management through flood and drought control. Increase in agricultural production due to improved water management and reduced exposure to extreme climate events.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1972,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events. Climate compatible mining Phasing out of diesel gensets for on-site electricity consumption, to be replaced with grid and/or on-site renewable power production. MOE (RMB, mining companies) Up to 5 million USD. Reduced reliance on energy imports through use of indigenous energy resources. Efficient brick kilns Phasing out use of clamp kilns, and applying energy efficiency measures in the brick manufacturing industry. MININFRA (RHA, REMA, RFA, brick companies) 13 million USD Increased resilience of brick manufacturing industry. Reduced reliance on biomass energy and related air pollution. Reduced pressure on forests. Energy efficient cement production Use of waste heat recovery (WHR) and increased use of rice husks as fuel within clinker production. MINICOM, MOE (REMA, CCL) 11 million USD Increased resilience of cement industry. Reduced reliance on imported energy supply.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1973,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced reliance on imported energy supply. Table 5.3 Mitigation measures: EnergyTransport Vehicle emissions standards Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives and scrappage of older vehicles, and inspection. Reduction of GHG and local emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MININFRA, MINICOM (RTDA, REMA) Incremental vehicle costs and scheme administration est. 190 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants from conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles, enhancing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Efficient lighting in buildings Further dissemination of CFL and LED lamps in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Supported by government subsidies and VAT exemptions on energy saving lamps. Reduction of grid-based GHG emisisons. MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1974,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost). Increased opportunities for education, indirectly increasing population resilience to extreme weather events. Reduced household expenditure on energy enhances resilience. Efficient cook stoves Dissemination of modern efficient cook stoves to 80% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population by 2030, achieving a more sustainable balance between supply and demand of biomass, and reducing firewood and fossil energy consumption for cooking. MININFRA, MOE (EDCL, RFA, FONERWA) 380 million USD (new stoves, training and scheme monitor- ing). Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1975,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events. Solar pumping for irrigation Use of solar water pumping systems for irrigation within agricultural production to replace diesel pumps, displacing fossil fuel use and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA, MINAGRI (RAB, RWRB) 285 million USD. Reduced dependence on imported energy and increased food security. Conditional measures Electricity Solar mini-grids 68 MWp of solar mini-grids to be installed in off-grid rural areas by 2030, as reflected in the Rural Electrification Strategy. Displacement of traditional biomass fuels, diesel and kerosene for domestic energy use. MININFRA (REG, EDCL) Total costs est. 206 million USD (incl. battery replace- ments) Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity. Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1976,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MININFRA, MINALOC (REG, EDCL, local govern- ment, RAB) 62 million USD Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity, and food security 38 GREEN RWANDAMeasures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Clinker and cement production Increased pozzolana use in cement Increasing the share of volcanic pozzalanas used within national cement production beyond current cement-to-clinker ratio of 0.7, with target for an incremental 5% substitution of clinker with pozzolana through 2030. Reduced clinker production and associated calcination process CO2 emissions. MOE, MINICOM (REMA, CCL) Capital costs est. 1.2 million USD. Pozzolana material costs est. 7 million USD through 2030. Reduced dependence on imported coal, which results in reduction of cement production costs, thereby contributing to address national cement demand for adaptation to the effects of climate change.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1977,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced dependence on imported coal, which results in reduction of cement production costs, thereby contributing to address national cement demand for adaptation to the effects of climate change. Fluorinated gases substitution Fluorinated gases substitution Gradual substitution of F-gases by less polluting substitutes, implemented as part of Rwanda’s commitments to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. F-gases not to exceed the following percentages: (a) 2020 to 2024: 95%; (b) 2025 to 2028: 65%; (c) 2029 to 2033: 30%. MOE (RSB, REMA, private sector) Additional capital costs est. 3.2 million USD. Material costs est. 20 million USD Reduction of climate impacts from F-gases with high GWP, which results in enhanced population resilience to adverse climate impacts.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1978,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"20 million USD Reduction of climate impacts from F-gases with high GWP, which results in enhanced population resilience to adverse climate impacts. Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Crops and managed soils Soil and water conservation (crop rotation) Continous crop rotation of up to 600,000 Ha, leading to prevention of soil erosion and reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI, MOE (RAB, RFA, RWRB) 235 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Table 5.4 Mitigation measures: Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Table 5.5 Mitigation measures: AFOLU (Agriculture) UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONLivestock Improved livestock husbandry Promotion of better livestock feed (i.e. legume fodder species) and training in better livestock management, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1979,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"legume fodder species) and training in better livestock management, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan. Reduction in CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation. MINAGRI (RAB) 279 million USD Increased food security through enhanced yields. Improved manure management Adoption of more efficient manure management systems, including promotion of collective farms and training, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan. Reduction in GHG emissions from manure management. MINAGRI (RAB) 30.5 million USD Increased food security through enhanced yields. Crops and managed soils Improved fertilizers Increased use of organic waste in soil fertilizers, supported by target to apply composting within all agricultural households by 2030, and more judicious fertilizer use and promotion of fertigation to enhance fertiliser uptake. MINAGRI (RAB) 77 million USD Enhanced effectiveness of fertilizer application, thereby supporting agricultural activities of vulnerable farmers. Reduced compostable waste related health risks such as dengue fever.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1980,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced compostable waste related health risks such as dengue fever. Enhanced soil fertility and reduced soil erosion. Soil and water conservation (terracing) Installation of 165,000 Ha land protection terracing structures in sloped arable areas to present soil erosion, leading to reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB) 924 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Soil and water conservation (multicropping) Multicropping of coffee and bananas of up to 40,000 Ha, leading to prevention of soil erosion and reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB) 173 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1981,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Improved retention of soil fertiliser and enhancing soil buffering capacity. Increased food production and nutrition security. Creation of revenue generation opportunities for local communities. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONWaste water treatment and re-use Waste-water treatment plants (WWTP) Investment in wastewater treatment and reuse technology, reducing methane emissions from wastewater and providing a nutrient-rich digestate that can be used as a fertilizer. Reduction of CH4, and CO2 emissions. MININFRA, MINALOC (RURA, REMA, CoK, municipal and local government, WASAC) Capital costs million USD per WWTP. Annual costs est. 1.5 million USD. Reduced water contamination. Increased agriculture production and groundwater recharge. Increased food production and nutrition security. 42 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 5.5 Funding requirements Figure 5.7 below shows the funding requirements associated with all identified mitigation options, estimated at 5.7 billion USD through 2030. These represent the capital investment costs required for new plant, installations and equipment.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1982,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These represent the capital investment costs required for new plant, installations and equipment. The investment levels for each sector broadly correspond to the estimated mitigation shares across each emitting sector, with agriculture and energy projects accounting for the majority (each accounting for 47% of the total 2020-2030 respectively). Investments in waste facilities account for the bulk of the remaining requirement. In order to achieve the projected mitigation outcomes, around half of the total 5.7 USD billion will be required in the period 2020-2025 and half in the period 2025-2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1983,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In order to achieve the projected mitigation outcomes, around half of the total 5.7 USD billion will be required in the period 2020-2025 and half in the period 2025-2030. Figure 5.7 Investment requirements for all identified measures through 2030 USD Bn Transport Industry energy Electricity generation Waste-water Soil and water conservation Solid waste Building Agriculture energy Fertilizer use and composting Livestock Manure Management44 GREEN RWANDA Table 5.7 Investment requirements for all mitigation measures (USD million) Figure 5.8 shows the estimated funding requirements according to the unconditional (domestically supported) and conditional contributions for the periods 2020-2025 and 2025-2030, and through to 2030 as a total. Figure 5.8 Estimated investment requirements for NDC measures US Million Conditional Measures Domestic MeasuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 06 Adaptation Contribution Rwanda is heavily dependent upon its natural resources including land, water, and forests.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1984,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 5.8 Estimated investment requirements for NDC measures US Million Conditional Measures Domestic MeasuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 06 Adaptation Contribution Rwanda is heavily dependent upon its natural resources including land, water, and forests. Over two-thirds of the population engage in agriculture, forestry, and tourism for income and food security. Agriculture accounts for approximately one-third of Rwanda’s GDP, and around one-half of power generation comes from small-scale hydropower. Economic growth was solid, averaging 6.1% over (2013-2016) against the target of 11.5% over the period 2013-2020. Growth in all sectors while positive and resilient in the face of a slowing global economy, did not meet targets. Agriculture averaged 4.1% compared to 8.5% (targeted). These sectors provide jobs and income for a majority of Rwanda’s population.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1985,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"At the international and regional levels, it has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a Non-Annex 1 Party in 1995 and later the Kyoto Protocol. Rwanda has also ratified the Paris Agreement, which deals primarily with greenhouse emissions mitigation, adaptation and financing. As part of the PA implementation, Rwanda is submitting a revision of the NDC with clear results framework and resource mobilization targets that will realistically guide its successful implementation. The adaptation component in Rwanda’s updated NDC involves quantified targets for adaptation and resilience, criteria-based evaluation of priority interventions, and development of a monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation actions to strengthen national capacity for resource mobilization that will be instrumental to supporting climate action phased over 2025 and 2030 time horizons.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1986,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The adaptation component in Rwanda’s updated NDC involves quantified targets for adaptation and resilience, criteria-based evaluation of priority interventions, and development of a monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation actions to strengthen national capacity for resource mobilization that will be instrumental to supporting climate action phased over 2025 and 2030 time horizons. 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change Rwanda’s economy depends primarily on agriculture, which is predominantly rain fed. This makes the country highly vulnerable to climate change.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1987,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Without proper land use planning and implementation, and with a growing population, these pressures are likely to increase. In 2016, it was reported that 62.60% of the urban population live in informal settlements, while less than 20% of the urban population live in areas covered by master plans had storm water considerations in 2016 (MININFRA, 2017). In the health sector, major issues are related to the capacity gaps particularly at the district level (district health units) that limits effective coordination of health services. In the fiscal year 2016/2017, 308 malaria incidents per 1,000 population were reported and the malaria proportion mortality rate was at 5.7 per 1,000 in the same year.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1988,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In the fiscal year 2016/2017, 308 malaria incidents per 1,000 population were reported and the malaria proportion mortality rate was at 5.7 per 1,000 in the same year. Climate change adaptation is being mainstreamed in the transport sector by increasing the number of all-weather roads through improving road infrastructure from unpaved to paved roads with a focus on national roads. In 2018, from a total length of national roads of 2749km, 1385.5km were paved (50%). Financial limitation is one of the major challenges among others, which results in gaps for technical and technological capacity, as well as pressure on natural resources linked to high population density.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1989,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Both the 2017 and 2018 Rwanda NDC implementation and partnership plans identified the following areas to have broadly captured the demonstrated gaps that need to be addressed and strengthened (GoR, 2018c): • Institutional and regulatory framework for sector coordination • Data availability, collection, management, reporting and verification • Limited financing opportunities for flagship projects implementation • Institutional and technical capacity among sectors involved in adaptations strategies (government, private sector, and Civil Society Organizations), particularly for developing bankable projects for domestic and external funds mobilization • Challenges on the operational level focus on metrics, data management, monitoring, reporting and verification. The current updated NDC seeks to accelerate Rwanda’s socio-economic growth by holistically addressing sector specific vulnerabilities and unlocking and directing domestic and external investments to adaptation for effective climate action.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience Rwanda’s adaptation and resilience priorities draw upon the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy adopted in 2011 with a time horizon of 2050.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1990,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The current updated NDC seeks to accelerate Rwanda’s socio-economic growth by holistically addressing sector specific vulnerabilities and unlocking and directing domestic and external investments to adaptation for effective climate action.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience Rwanda’s adaptation and resilience priorities draw upon the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy adopted in 2011 with a time horizon of 2050. The strategy has 14 Programmes of Action (PoA) of which the following programmes that include adaptation to climate change in the following programmes: • PoA 1: Sustainable intensification of agriculture • PoA 2: Agriculture diversity in local and export markets • PoA 3:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and planning • PoA 4: Integrated Land Use and Management • PoA 9: Efficient resilient transport systems • PoA 11: Ecotourism, Conservation and Payment of Ecosystem Services • PoA 12: Sustainable Forest and Agroforestry • PoA 13: Disaster and Diseases prevention • PoA 14: Climate data and projections A recent review of the strategy indicated that it is still valid and relevant to Rwanda’s Vision 2050 as well as strategic plans - such as the National Strategy for Transformation (NST) for the period between 2018 and 2024 (MoE, 2018).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1991,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The strategy has 14 Programmes of Action (PoA) of which the following programmes that include adaptation to climate change in the following programmes: • PoA 1: Sustainable intensification of agriculture • PoA 2: Agriculture diversity in local and export markets • PoA 3:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and planning • PoA 4: Integrated Land Use and Management • PoA 9: Efficient resilient transport systems • PoA 11: Ecotourism, Conservation and Payment of Ecosystem Services • PoA 12: Sustainable Forest and Agroforestry • PoA 13: Disaster and Diseases prevention • PoA 14: Climate data and projections A recent review of the strategy indicated that it is still valid and relevant to Rwanda’s Vision 2050 as well as strategic plans - such as the National Strategy for Transformation (NST) for the period between 2018 and 2024 (MoE, 2018). Furthermore, in 2019, a new Environment and Climate Change Policy was adopted with the following relevant objectives (MoE, 2019): • Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); • Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda’s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; • Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); • Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and • Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).48 GREEN RWANDA This is a demonstration of the progressive policy relevance of climate change to Rwanda’s economic growth and development that lends the momentum to address climate change in general and adaptation/resilience in particular as an integral component to national development priorities.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1992,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Furthermore, in 2019, a new Environment and Climate Change Policy was adopted with the following relevant objectives (MoE, 2019): • Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); • Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda’s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; • Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); • Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and • Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).48 GREEN RWANDA This is a demonstration of the progressive policy relevance of climate change to Rwanda’s economic growth and development that lends the momentum to address climate change in general and adaptation/resilience in particular as an integral component to national development priorities. These strategic and policy relevant areas have outlined priorities for the NDC adaptation analytical framework and will continually inform planning, resources mobilization and implementation of NDC in the medium (2025) to long term in 2030 as well as influence the achievement of climate action relevant to SDGs.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 264}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1993,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"These strategic and policy relevant areas have outlined priorities for the NDC adaptation analytical framework and will continually inform planning, resources mobilization and implementation of NDC in the medium (2025) to long term in 2030 as well as influence the achievement of climate action relevant to SDGs. 6.3.1 Methodological approach Figure 6.1 summarises the key steps for the adaptation component that were followed in the updated Rwanda’s NDC. The focus in this process was: • To develop stakeholder consensus on priority interventions, baselines and targets on adaptation; • To develop the indicators of prioritised adaptation interventions; • To develop the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for adaptation actions partly drawing from and strengthening the Environment and Natural Resources Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation (ENR RBME).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1994,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The specific objectives for the consultation were: 1. To check if the information included in the adaptation analytical framework is relevant to the sector; 2. Share other internal reports that can be useful for the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) for sector guidance and validation; 3. Advise on the projected 2025 and 2030 sectoral targets, since the existing ones are primarily drawn from NST1 that has projections up to 2024 only; 4. Inform and develop consensus on the costing of climate adaptation specific priority actions, including an outline of sources of finance categorized as “conditional” (where the Party would be willing to increase its ambition level given certain conditions were met, otherwise referred to as supported measures) and “unconditional” (unilaterally funded); 5.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1995,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"In order to influence effective mainstreaming of climate adaptation in sector priorities, and consequently in a strategic way for national uptake including at the NST and therefore policy levels, clear adaptation metrics including indicators and targets were generated and agreed upon as measures to guide the collection of gender disaggregated data. 6.3.2 Prioritised measures The table below presents a summary of prioritized sector adaptation interventions, corresponding indicators, indicator category, and timeline for the implementation, responsible government ministries, and implementing lead agencies, and the estimated adaptation funding requirement, mitigation benefits and the alignment with SDGs that are directly relevant to the sector intervention.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1996,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"6.3.2 Prioritised measures The table below presents a summary of prioritized sector adaptation interventions, corresponding indicators, indicator category, and timeline for the implementation, responsible government ministries, and implementing lead agencies, and the estimated adaptation funding requirement, mitigation benefits and the alignment with SDGs that are directly relevant to the sector intervention. Basing on the experiences in reporting at global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators outlined in the table below were divided into categories A and B for global and national reporting, respectively. The indicators are also aligned with baselines and adaptation targets that have drawn from existing national initiatives on climate change adaptation and resilience.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1997,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The indicators are also aligned with baselines and adaptation targets that have drawn from existing national initiatives on climate change adaptation and resilience. It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1998,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.)","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
1999,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2000,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2001,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2002,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects. Some interventions will be contingent on the availability of external financial support (conditional) while others may be implemented through internal funding (unconditional) or co-financing (internal and external sources of budget). The total amount of NDC adaptation interventions is estimated at above 5.3 billion USD through 2030 as detailed in Table 6.2. Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2003,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2004,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2005,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The Paris Agreement contains several additional MRV requirements which, when taken together with the existing UNFCCC arrangements, provide an enhanced basis for Rwanda’s international reporting requirements relating to the mitigation component of the NDC. New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in NCs, BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The ETF requires the NDC MRV system to transparently report progress made towards the targets defined in Rwanda’s NDC and to track the progress made in the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions - as well as the use and results of means of implementation and support including capacity building, technology transfer, and finance.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2006,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in NCs, BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA).UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The ETF requires the NDC MRV system to transparently report progress made towards the targets defined in Rwanda’s NDC and to track the progress made in the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions - as well as the use and results of means of implementation and support including capacity building, technology transfer, and finance. The MRV system also captures non-GHG impacts on environmental, social and economic impacts of the NDC actions that would lead to transformational change towards achieving national sustainable development goals.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2007,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making • Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.)","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 327}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2008,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2009,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC MINISANTE Change of malaria hazards; RBC MINAGRI, MINALOC, MINEMA, Meteo Rwanda, civil society MINECOFIN Specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management (SDG 13.B.1).","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 110}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2010,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC MINISANTE Change of malaria hazards; RBC MINAGRI, MINALOC, MINEMA, Meteo Rwanda, civil society MINECOFIN Specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management (SDG 13.B.1). MoE REMA, FONERWA, all institutions68 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring and reporting requirements for Parties to the Paris Agreement are encapsulated within the UNFCCC process by way of new requirements set out in the Paris Rulebook governing implementation of the agreement. Drawing on the Paris Rulebook, Table 7.2 below lists some of the key aspects of an MRV system needed to track progress consistent with the mitigation component of NDC implementation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2011,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Finance of mitigation measures • Track climate finance flows for NDC implementation, including international public finance, national domestic budgets and private climate finance, to improve the overall transparency of climate finance flows, and • Assess whether the scale/type of financing requirements for NDC implementation are being addressed.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION An MRV framework consistent with these requirements is presented in the Annex to this document. This will allow Rwanda to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2012,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This will allow Rwanda to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation. Monitoring tables are provided for the four main IPCC reporting categories: Energy; IPPU; AFOLU; and Waste (noting that AFOLU includes only agriculture in this NDC). In addition, an aggregated economy-wide overall NDC progress monitoring template is presented.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2013,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The general guide to the selection of adaptation indicators has considered the following factors as critical: • Differentiate between climate change related issues and business-as-usual development. Climate change has been taken seriously in Rwanda as evidenced by the policy prescriptions including Vision 2050, NST and the GGCRS and the regional and global programs to which Rwanda subscribes including NDC, Africa Agenda 2063 and the SDGs. However, significant gaps have been equally evident in how climate change actions in these programs are prioritised for financing that is essential for implementation.70 GREEN RWANDA The global climate financing agencies often create artificial divisions between climate change and development.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2014,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"This section provides an overview of these means of implementation. 8.1 Finance needs As part of the NDC revision process, extensive analysis and consultations with sector experts were undertaken to produce conditional and unconditional cost estimates for the mitigation and adaptation measures through 2025 and 2030. The total estimated cost for Rwanda’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is estimated at around 5.7 billion USD, and over 5.3 billion USD for adaptation priorities, representing a combined funding requirement of around 11 billion USD. The table below summarises the estimated funding needs over the two periods. For both mitigation and adaptation combined, it can be seen that unconditional measures account for around 40% of the total estimated funding requirements, and conditional measures around 60%.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2015,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,The consultations undertaken through the NDC revision process have created momentum for ongoing engagement. It is important to recognize that technical knowledge resides with sector specialists and any capacity building and effective application of technology for mainstreaming climate change must draw from that experience and facilitate cross learning among climate change experts and subject matter experts from sectors. It is imperative that this harmony/coherence is continually utilized to guide successful mainstreaming of climate change into sector priorities building on existing country driven policy mechanisms and institutional arrangements. 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation Rwanda’s NDC is based on and aligned with several existing national policies.,"{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2016,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation Rwanda’s NDC is based on and aligned with several existing national policies. The country’s NDC was developed from the Green Growth and Climate Resilient Strategy (GGCRS) (2011), which has also been integrated into District Development Plans and sector strategic plans. The GGCRS is also embedded in the recently developed National Strategy for Transformation (NST) (2017 – 2024), and Rwanda’s 7-year Government Program. The NST is a high-levelUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION planning policy that frames the country’s subsequent local government and sector plans and includes specific projects or actions surrounding three pillars for economic, social and governance transformation.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2017,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019. National Environmental and climate change policy. Kigali: MoE. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., 2015. Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda. South African Geographical Journal, 97(1): 50-68. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., (2016). Spatio-temporal trends in mean temperatures and aridity index over Rwanda. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 123: 399-414. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), 2011. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2011, NISR Kigali- Rwanda. NISR, 2014. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2014, NISR Kigali-Rwanda NISR, 2017. Formal External Trade in Goods Statistics report (Q4, 2017) NISR, (2018), Formal external trade in Goods report (January 2018) NISR, 2018. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2018,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report 2019: Rwanda. See: World Bank, 2019. Rwanda overview. Updated 30 September 2019. See: country/rwanda/overview78 GREEN RWANDA Annex A – Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation A high-level framework of progress indicators has been developed for use in tracking and reporting on implementation of the NDC mitigation component, consistent with the MRV requirements of the UNFCCC and Paris Rulebook. A series of MRV tables are shown below, enabling for monitoring of GHG emissions as well as the effectiveness of mitigation measures within each sector. Indicators are proposed which monitor both the emissions and also non-GHG indicators of progress linked, closely to each of the mitigation actions within each of the key emitting sectors.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2019,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"NISR, EICV Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RWFA, Forestry department-GIS Report {FMES : IND005} Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo, Quarterly high impact weather report Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) MOUs and MINECOFIN Reports - Soil erosion and soil loss (To be further elaborated and confirmed) RWFA/IWRM - Ha of crops under insurance (To be further elaborated and confirmed) MINAGRI The table below presents the high-level indicators for the proposed reporting arrangements highlighting the source documents (References) that provide information on metadata for the selected indicators. The code classification and sources referenced from the RBME, for which MoE is the custodian.","{'text': '3', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2020,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"St. Kitts and Nevis requires international support to achieve its CO2 emissions reduction target as well as to implement adaptation measures reducing the risks of climate change, and address loss and damage that is already being experienced and is projected to increase.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 2 Mitigation The largest source of national greenhouse gas emissions is burning of diesel for electricity generation, followed by gasoline consumption for transportation, at approximately 60% and 30% respectively. The release of carbon monoxide from residual crops in the AFOLU sector is also a significant contributor of emissions. The remaining CO2 emissions come from the consumption of kerosene, lubricants, and other oils. Power generation released 156 GgCO2 e in St. Kitts and Nevis in 2020.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2021,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Power generation released 156 GgCO2 e in St. Kitts and Nevis in 2020. 95% of electricity is generated through diesel power plants, with approximately 3% (2.2 MW) coming from wind and approximately 2% from solar (1.5 MW) for a total of 5.6%. St. Kitts and Nevis is committed to reducing its emissions and limiting the average global temperature rise to 1.5° C. In the first NDC, St. Kitts and Nevis proposed a CO2 emissions reduction target of 22% by 2025 and 35% by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario, decreasing economy-wide emissions to 529 GgCO2 respectively. The first NDC covered all economic sectors, but special attention as given to the power generation and transportation sectors because they had the highest CO2 emissions reduction potential.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2022,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"St. Kitts and Nevis’ first NDC pledged to decrease emissions by 35% against a business-as-usual scenario. However, based on observations over the past 5 years, this business-as-usual scenario was overestimating GDP growth and carbon intensity of the economy. In consequence, the proposed target of 35% reduction by 2030 against the BAU in the first NDC would effectively have resulted in a 115% increase in emissions compared to 2010. In absolute terms, the first NDC proposed a target emission of no more than 529 GgCO2 e, while this revised NDC proposes to reduce emissions to 124 GgCO2 e. The base year 2010’s e excluding forestry. This emissions reduction largely comes from the energy sector, namely from power generation and transportation, which emit the largest share of GHG emissions in the country.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2023,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Dry conditions that are projected will likely make rain-fed agriculture difficult and increase food insecurity. Decreased availability and competition for freshwater will likely increase water insecurity, leading to water shortages and increased rationing of water. Projections also indicate an increase in extreme rainfall intensity and increased severity of flash floods. Beyond the economic damages to infrastructure associated with flooding, loss and damage in the health sector may also increase. Vector-borne diseases such as dengue andRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 15 chikungunya as well as water-borne diseases may increase in frequency. Mental health issues related to trauma of extreme events – including tropical cyclones and flooding- may also increase, along with loss of social cohesion in the aftermath of disasters.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2024,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4. Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2025,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2026,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Indicative budgets for implementation of the priority adaptation programs are listed in Table 5. Additional funding and support are needed for the full range of adaptation measures that have been identified by St. Kitts and Nevis to respond to the impacts of climate change, including support and capacity building for monitoring and evaluation of adaptation.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 19 Table 5: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Adaptation for Priority Programs of Action Program of Action Estimated Budget (USD) Inter-sectoral coordination and stakeholder capacity building $755,000 Information management, research and M&E for decision-making $8,000,000 Climate smart agriculture $14,230,000 Integrated water resources management $70,850,0002 Climate change and disease prevention $4,950,000 Integrated coastal zone management $12,900,000 Climate proofing tourism $15,450,000 Given the projected increases in loss and damage for St. Kitts and Nevis, support is required to avert, minimize and address loss and damage.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2027,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Additional funding and support are needed for the full range of adaptation measures that have been identified by St. Kitts and Nevis to respond to the impacts of climate change, including support and capacity building for monitoring and evaluation of adaptation.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 19 Table 5: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Adaptation for Priority Programs of Action Program of Action Estimated Budget (USD) Inter-sectoral coordination and stakeholder capacity building $755,000 Information management, research and M&E for decision-making $8,000,000 Climate smart agriculture $14,230,000 Integrated water resources management $70,850,0002 Climate change and disease prevention $4,950,000 Integrated coastal zone management $12,900,000 Climate proofing tourism $15,450,000 Given the projected increases in loss and damage for St. Kitts and Nevis, support is required to avert, minimize and address loss and damage. Averting loss and damage can be supported through mitigation efforts on the global scale to limit global average warming to 1.5C and through support for national mitigation efforts.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2028,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"These unprecedented threats are compounded by a limited capacity to forecast climate hazards. Climate data in the Caribbean face challenges related to a lack of sufficient weather and climatological stations, automated reporting of weather stations, and monitoring of critical variables for long timescales of 30 years or more. Economy: St. Kitts and Nevis is classified as a high-income country and had a GDP of USD 1.053 billion in 2019 (World Bank). The country has continued to make strides in economic progress. Between 2015 and 2019 the nation’s GDP per capita increased from US $18,000 to US $19,000. This economic advancement comes despite major setbacks by disasters including hurricanes Maria and Irma in September 2017, and the strongest El Niño event from 2014 to 2016 in the past century.","{'text': '15', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2029,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"South Sudan has come a long way since it published its first NDC with the development of its detailed greenhouse gas inventory (published in its National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), the establishment of its National Adaptation Programme of Action, and the development of other climate-related sectoral plans and policies. In addition to these elements, South Sudan, as part of this NDC revision process, has also carried out a detailed science-based metabolic and circularity assessment to inform its revised climate-related strategies. All of this progress is presented in detail in this document. South Sudan, through this second NDC, reiterates its commitment to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2030,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"South Sudan, through this second NDC, reiterates its commitment to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It details how South Sudan has significantly increased its climate ambition of reducing emissions across its sectors by 109.87 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent while sequestering an additional 45.06 million tonnes by 2030. As part of South Sudan’s increased ambition, this second NDC has also increased the country’s sectoral coverage, and instituted additional mitigation and adaptation measures in sectors that were included in the first NDC.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2031,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"These are as follows:18 Second Nationally Determined Contribution SECTORAL STRATEGIES After finalizing the sectors to be included in the NDC, a detailed assessment of each sector was conducted. This assessment, along with the outputs of the material flow analysis, was used to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for each individual sector. The timeframe that will be required for implementation of NDC strategies was also determined. The proposed sectoral strategies, if implemented, will move South Sudan onto an ambitious decarbonization pathway compatible with the Paris Agreement’s goal of holding global temperature rise to well below 2°C, with efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre- industrial levels. The table below summarizes the emission reduction pathway and estimated potential of emission reduction for each of the 10 mitigation sectors.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2032,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"While the country’s key suppliers are China, Uganda, Kenya, the Netherlands, Thailand, Pakistan, the United States of America and Germany, it primarily exports goods to China, Pakistan, India, the United Arab Emirates, Uganda and Germany. • Exports: The top exports of South Sudan are crude petroleum ($1.63 billion), forage crops ($32.1 million), raw cotton ($13.8 million), gold ($12.4 million) and dried legumes ($9.98 million), exported mainly to China ($1.59 billion), Figure 8: Sector briefs Agriculture • Area: Out of the 30 million hectares of arable land, only less than 5 percent is under cultivation • According to FAO and WFP data, only 2.6 percent of agriculture land accounted for cereals production in 2017, with five states accounting for 70 percent of country’s cropland are Upper Nile (19%); Warrap (15%), Jonglei (14%), Western Equatoria (11%), and Central Equatoria (11%).","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2033,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"• Exports: The top exports of South Sudan are crude petroleum ($1.63 billion), forage crops ($32.1 million), raw cotton ($13.8 million), gold ($12.4 million) and dried legumes ($9.98 million), exported mainly to China ($1.59 billion), Figure 8: Sector briefs Agriculture • Area: Out of the 30 million hectares of arable land, only less than 5 percent is under cultivation • According to FAO and WFP data, only 2.6 percent of agriculture land accounted for cereals production in 2017, with five states accounting for 70 percent of country’s cropland are Upper Nile (19%); Warrap (15%), Jonglei (14%), Western Equatoria (11%), and Central Equatoria (11%). The livelihood zones of South Sudan are presented in the picture below: Livelihood zones of South Sudan1 • Key crops: With diverse soil and climatic conditions, the country produces various crops including sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, sesame, beans, fruits and vegetables, as well as coffee, tea, cotton and sugar cane1.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2034,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"This illustrates that while the agricultural sector is the biggest contributor to South Sudan’s territorial emissions (emissions from domestic processes), other economic sectors have significant amounts of embedded emissions (emissions that occur in other countries and are associated with imported goods), which contribute to South Sudan’s overall GHG emissions footprint. 4.5 CIRCULAR OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOUTH SUDAN Making an economy circular is key if the world is to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. In this regard, the agendas of circular and low-carbon economies are complementary in nature and mutually supportive. Making economies circular helps reduce high rates of material extraction, manage existing and future stocks, and increase levels of end-of-use processing and recycling (Circle Economy, 2020).","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2035,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Under this scenario, emissions from the agriculture sector rise by 34 percent to 35.6 million tCO e by 2030 compared to 2012. This emission trajectory has been sourced from South Sudan’s Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 2018). Emission reduction scenario: The emission reduction scenario represents the decarbonization pathway that South Sudan will have to follow until 2030 to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC. This scenario aims to reduce agriculture production emissions by 18 percent from 2017 levels by 2030, in line with the World Resources Institute emission reduction estimates for sub-Saharan Africa (Lebling et al., 2020).","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2036,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The baseline scenario represents a case of no action, i.e., the government will not implement a policy to reduce the current rate of deforestation in South Sudan. Hence, the scenario assumes that 2 percent of the forest area will be deforested annually. Under this scenario, more than 40,000 square kilometres of forest area would be lost by 2030, resulting in a loss of GHG sequestration potential of 38 million tCO e (Figure 29). Emission sequestration scenario: The emission reduction scenario represents a decarbonization pathway that South Sudan will have to follow till 2030 to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC. The emission sequestration scenario targets a 70 percent reduction in deforested area in South Sudan by 2030 compared to 2019 levels.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2037,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The emission sequestration scenario targets a 70 percent reduction in deforested area in South Sudan by 2030 compared to 2019 levels. (This is in line with the 1.5ºC-compatible target estimated by the World Resources Institute (Lebling et. al., 2020) for the forest sector globally.) Under this scenario, the deforested area is estimated to reduce to 1,152 square kilometres in 2030 (63 percent lower than the 2030 baseline value). The emission sequestration scenario will generate additional sequestration potential of 45 million tCO e by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario. To achieve the potential GHG-sequestration target, South Sudan will implement various strategies which are outlined in the section below. 7.3.3 Key strategies The forestry sector in South Sudan has a high potential for mitigation. However, due to increased land-use change, the sector became a net emitter of GHG emissions in 2015.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2038,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Ecosystem restoration activities (including conservation activities) tend to create localized employment benefits through well paying jobs. Various studies indicate that ecosystem restoration supports an average of 33 jobs per million of United States dollars invested (but up to 39.7 jobs, depending on geographic scale and type of restoration activity) compared to only 5.2 jobs created in the oil and gas sector for similar investment. The employment multiplier of restoration activities ranges between 1.5 and 3.8 jobs, which is similar to that of various industries and agriculture and livestock sectors (BenDor et al., 2015). Therefore, investments made in conserving, restoring and sustainably managing wetlands, water catchments, forests, etc., will create employment opportunities and provide a means for sustained jobs in South Sudan while maintaining biodiversity and protecting communities dependent on these ecosystems.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2039,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"• Investments of $500 million will be made for solar- based power generation, which translates to 57 MW (at the cost of $1 per kilowatt-hour; Mozersky and Kammen, 2018) of new solar-powered plants installed by 2030. • Investments of $100 million will be made for power generation using wind energy, which translates to a total of 11.41 MW (at the cost of $1 kilowatt-hour; Mozersky and Kammen, 2018) by 2030. • Investments of $1.5 million will be made for biogas-based power generation, which translates to 5.7 MW (at the cost of $30 per megawatt-hour; International Energy Agency, 2020) by 2030.Sectoral strategies 97 In the emission reduction scenario, the share of renewable energy will be more than 92 percent including hydropower plants (but 3 percent excluding hydropower) by 2030.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2040,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"• Investments of $1.5 million will be made for biogas-based power generation, which translates to 5.7 MW (at the cost of $30 per megawatt-hour; International Energy Agency, 2020) by 2030.Sectoral strategies 97 In the emission reduction scenario, the share of renewable energy will be more than 92 percent including hydropower plants (but 3 percent excluding hydropower) by 2030. Greenhouse emissions in 2030 are estimated to be 0.53 million tCO e, 92 percent lower than the baseline scenario (Figure 32, page 95). Thus, the emission reduction scenario will achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 11.9 million tCO e by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario. The strategies that will be implemented to achieve the targets for emission reduction in the electricity sector are detailed in the section below.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2041,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"In the baseline scenario, emissions from the transport sector increase gradually and reach 0.9 million tCO e (29 percent higher than the 2012 level) by 2030. Emission reduction scenario: The emission reduction scenario includes the decarbonization pathway that South Sudan will have to follow until 2030 to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels. Since more than 90 percent of emissions in the transport sector are from road transport, the emission reduction scenario concentrates on GHG mitigation from road transport. This scenario aims to reduce transport emissions from the baseline level by 2030, in line with the Paris Process on Mobility and Climate estimates for emission reduction required from land transport globally to achieve levels compatible with a 1.5°C scenario (Gota et al., 2016).","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2042,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"This scenario aims to reduce transport emissions from the baseline level by 2030, in line with the Paris Process on Mobility and Climate estimates for emission reduction required from land transport globally to achieve levels compatible with a 1.5°C scenario (Gota et al., 2016). Under this scenario, emissions from the transport sector are estimated to be 0.5 million tCO e in 2030. The emission reduction scenario achieves cumulative emission reduction of 2.43 million tCO e by 2030, which is 31 percent lower than the baseline scenario. The strategies that will be implemented to achieve the emission reduction targets for the transport sector are detailed in the section below.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2043,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Employment for both men and women decreased in 2015. One of the potential reasons for this could be the decline in the country’s oil reserves, resulting in a decrease in oil production and therefore needing fewer employees. Given the role of this sector in the economic development of South Sudan, oil extraction activities will continue in the near term, and will continue to provide employment. In the long term, achieving the 1.5°C goal will entail more aggressive decarbonization of the energy126 Second Nationally Determined Contribution sector, implying more rapid replacement of fossil fuel-based energy production with renewables. Thus, in the long run, phasing out the use of petroleum and oil products will result in negative impacts on jobs in the petroleum industry.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2044,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Some of the implementation strategies that are proposed as part of this policy are to: • Collaborate with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to identify key activities that respond to immediate needs to adapt to climate change; • Support and promote the development of intensive agriculture and diversified crops adapted to extreme climate risks; • Map and intensify research on crops and livestock most adapted to changing climatic conditions in different agroecological zones; and • Prevent water, soil and air pollution from agrochemicals. 8.1.5 Comprehensive Agricultural Master The CAMP was approved by the Government of South Sudan in March 2017.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2045,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"8.1.5 Comprehensive Agricultural Master The CAMP was approved by the Government of South Sudan in March 2017. It is an investment plan that was developed to align with the national policies, plans and strategies of various ministries, such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries and the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. The CAMP has developed over 110 sub-sector project profiles with the aim of ensuring food security, improving livelihoods of communities and promoting sustainable agriculture and livestock rearing practices. The development themes under the CAMP and corresponding focus areas where investments are planned are as follows.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2046,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Gota, S., C. Huizenga and K. Peet (2016). Implications of 2DS and 1.5DS for Land Transport Carbon Emissions in 2050: Paris Process on Mobility and Climate. www.ppmc-transport.org/wp- 2020. Ibrahim, M. S. (2015). Artisanal Mining in South Sudan: Opportunities, challenges and impacts. Juba: Ministry of Minerals. International Energy Agency (2020). Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane: Prospects for organic growth. Paris. www.iea.org/reports/outlook- for-biogas-and-biomethane-prospects-for- organic-growth/sustainable-supply-potential- and-costs. Accessed 9 December 2020. International Labour Organization (n.d.). Green Jobs and Renewable Energy: Low carbon, high public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/documents/ November 2020. International Labour Organization (2016). Sustainable Tourism: A driving force of job creation, economic growth and development, 17 May. www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/ news/WCMS_480824/lang--en/index.htm. Accessed 29 November 2020. International Labour Organization (2018a). The Employment Impact of Climate Change Adaptation: Input document for the G20 Climate Sustainability Working Group. Geneva. emp/documents/publication/wcms_645572. pdf. Accessed 26 November 2020. International Labour Organization (2018b). World Employment and Social Outlook 2018: Greening the jobs.","{'text': '1.5', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2047,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"NDC SECTOR LINKAGES WITH IPCC4 Second Nationally Determined Contribution 7.1 Agriculture, livestock and fisheries 70 7.2 Infrastructure (construction and 7.4 Biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 89 7.8 Tourism and recreation 108 7.9 Mining and quarrying 112 7.12 Petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 123 7.14 Disaster risk management 128 8.1 The policy environment 131 8.3 Institutional framework for NDC 9. CAPACITY-BUILDING AND TECHNOLOGY 11. NDC FINANCING REQUIREMENTS 151 11.1 Proposed finance required 151 11.2 Financial instruments for NDCTABLES Table 1: Leading causes of death in South Sudan 41 Table 2: SCP-HAT parameters 46 Table 7: Circular opportunities for South Sudan 57 Table 8: Scores for sector prioritization 62 Table 9: NDC prioritization matrix 65 Table 10: Mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector 72 Table 11: Adaptation strategies for agriculture and fisheries 74 Table 12: Mitigation strategies for the infrastructure sector 81 Table 13: Adaptation strategies for the infrastructure sector 82 Table 14: Mitigation strategies for the forestry sector 85 Table 15: Adaptation strategies for the forestry sector 88 Table 16: Mitigation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 90 Table 17: Adaptation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 91 Table 18: Mitigation strategies for the electricity sector 97 Table 19: Mitigation strategies for the water sector 100 Table 20: Adaptation strategies for the water sector 101 Table 21: Mitigation strategies for the waste sector 105 Table 22: Adaptation strategies for the waste sector 107 Table 23: Mitigation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 110 Table 24: Adaptation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 111 Table 25: Mitigation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 26: Adaptation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 27: Mitigation strategies for the transport sector 118 Table 28: Mitigation strategies for the industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901–2016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960–2039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960–2039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001–2009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from domestic production in the agriculture sector, 2012–2015 70 Table 33: Adaptation strategies for the disaster risk management sector 129 Table 34: Climate change strategies outlined in the Fisheries Policy 134 Table 35: Major administrative bodies for climate change 135 Table 36: Stakeholders active in climate change 139 Table 37: NDC implementing entities 140 Table 38: Implementing entities across sectors 141 Table 39: Strategies for gender inclusion in the NDC 149 Table 40: Financing requirements for NDC adaptation strategies 152 Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies 154 Table 42: Climate funds supporting sub-Saharan Africa 157Figure 20: GHG emissions from domestic production in the fishing sector, 2012–2015 71 Figure 21: Emission reduction scenarios for the agriculture sector, 2012–2030 71 Figure 22: Employment in the agriculture sector, 2012–2015 78 Figure 23: Employment in the fishing sector, 2012–2015 78 Figure 24: GHG emissions consumption footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012–2015 79 Figure 25: GHG emissions domestic footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012–2015 79 Figure 26: GHG emission scenarios for the infrastructure sector, 2016–2030 80 Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, 2012–2015 83 Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 83 Figure 29: GHG emission sequestration scenarios for the forestry sector, 2018–2030 84 Figure 30: Installed electricity generation capacity (MW) in South Sudan, 2018 95 Figure 31: GHG emissions from domestic production of electricity, gas and water, 2012–2015 95 Figure 32: GHG emission scenarios for electricity generation, 2018–2030 95 Figure 33: Employment in the electricity, gas and water sectors, 2012–2015 99 Figure 34: Composition of municipal solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 35: Sources of solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 36: GHG emissions from the waste sector, 2012–2015 103 Figure 37: Domestic production of GHG emissions from recycling, 2012–2015 104 Figure 38: GHG emission scenarios for the waste sector, 2012–2030 104 Figure 40: Hotel and restaurant sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012–2015 109 Figure 41: GHG emission reduction scenarios for the hotel and restaurant sector, 2010–2030 109 Figure 42: Employment in hotels and restaurants, 2012–2015 111 Figure 43: Mining and quarrying sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012–2015 113 Figure 44: Employment in the mining and quarrying sector, 2012–2015 115 Figure 45: GHG emissions from the transport sector, 2012–2015 116 Figure 46: GHG emission scenarios for the transport sector, 2012–2030 117 Figure 47: Employment in the transport sector, 2012–2015 119 Figure 48: GHG emissions of the industrial sector from domestic production, 2012–2015 120 Figure 49: Share of industry sub-sectors to GHG emissions from domestic production, Figure 50: Employment in the industrial sector, 2012–2015 122 Figure 51: GHG emissions in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products sector from domestic production, 2012–2015 123 Figure 52: Employment in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products Figure 53: Institutional framework for NDC implementation 1388 Second Nationally Determined ContributionFOREWORD This document presents South Sudan’s second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC); it updates the first NDC to include the country’s changing climate and its development considerations.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 396}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2048,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"NDC FINANCING REQUIREMENTS 151 11.1 Proposed finance required 151 11.2 Financial instruments for NDCTABLES Table 1: Leading causes of death in South Sudan 41 Table 2: SCP-HAT parameters 46 Table 7: Circular opportunities for South Sudan 57 Table 8: Scores for sector prioritization 62 Table 9: NDC prioritization matrix 65 Table 10: Mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector 72 Table 11: Adaptation strategies for agriculture and fisheries 74 Table 12: Mitigation strategies for the infrastructure sector 81 Table 13: Adaptation strategies for the infrastructure sector 82 Table 14: Mitigation strategies for the forestry sector 85 Table 15: Adaptation strategies for the forestry sector 88 Table 16: Mitigation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 90 Table 17: Adaptation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 91 Table 18: Mitigation strategies for the electricity sector 97 Table 19: Mitigation strategies for the water sector 100 Table 20: Adaptation strategies for the water sector 101 Table 21: Mitigation strategies for the waste sector 105 Table 22: Adaptation strategies for the waste sector 107 Table 23: Mitigation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 110 Table 24: Adaptation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 111 Table 25: Mitigation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 26: Adaptation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 27: Mitigation strategies for the transport sector 118 Table 28: Mitigation strategies for the industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901–2016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960–2039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960–2039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001–2009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012–2015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from domestic production in the agriculture sector, 2012–2015 70 Table 33: Adaptation strategies for the disaster risk management sector 129 Table 34: Climate change strategies outlined in the Fisheries Policy 134 Table 35: Major administrative bodies for climate change 135 Table 36: Stakeholders active in climate change 139 Table 37: NDC implementing entities 140 Table 38: Implementing entities across sectors 141 Table 39: Strategies for gender inclusion in the NDC 149 Table 40: Financing requirements for NDC adaptation strategies 152 Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies 154 Table 42: Climate funds supporting sub-Saharan Africa 157Figure 20: GHG emissions from domestic production in the fishing sector, 2012–2015 71 Figure 21: Emission reduction scenarios for the agriculture sector, 2012–2030 71 Figure 22: Employment in the agriculture sector, 2012–2015 78 Figure 23: Employment in the fishing sector, 2012–2015 78 Figure 24: GHG emissions consumption footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012–2015 79 Figure 25: GHG emissions domestic footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012–2015 79 Figure 26: GHG emission scenarios for the infrastructure sector, 2016–2030 80 Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, 2012–2015 83 Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 83 Figure 29: GHG emission sequestration scenarios for the forestry sector, 2018–2030 84 Figure 30: Installed electricity generation capacity (MW) in South Sudan, 2018 95 Figure 31: GHG emissions from domestic production of electricity, gas and water, 2012–2015 95 Figure 32: GHG emission scenarios for electricity generation, 2018–2030 95 Figure 33: Employment in the electricity, gas and water sectors, 2012–2015 99 Figure 34: Composition of municipal solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 35: Sources of solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 36: GHG emissions from the waste sector, 2012–2015 103 Figure 37: Domestic production of GHG emissions from recycling, 2012–2015 104 Figure 38: GHG emission scenarios for the waste sector, 2012–2030 104 Figure 40: Hotel and restaurant sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012–2015 109 Figure 41: GHG emission reduction scenarios for the hotel and restaurant sector, 2010–2030 109 Figure 42: Employment in hotels and restaurants, 2012–2015 111 Figure 43: Mining and quarrying sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012–2015 113 Figure 44: Employment in the mining and quarrying sector, 2012–2015 115 Figure 45: GHG emissions from the transport sector, 2012–2015 116 Figure 46: GHG emission scenarios for the transport sector, 2012–2030 117 Figure 47: Employment in the transport sector, 2012–2015 119 Figure 48: GHG emissions of the industrial sector from domestic production, 2012–2015 120 Figure 49: Share of industry sub-sectors to GHG emissions from domestic production, Figure 50: Employment in the industrial sector, 2012–2015 122 Figure 51: GHG emissions in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products sector from domestic production, 2012–2015 123 Figure 52: Employment in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products Figure 53: Institutional framework for NDC implementation 1388 Second Nationally Determined ContributionFOREWORD This document presents South Sudan’s second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC); it updates the first NDC to include the country’s changing climate and its development considerations. South Sudan has come a long way since it published its first NDC with the development of its detailed greenhouse gas inventory (published in its National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), the establishment of its National Adaptation Programme of Action, and the development of other climate-related sectoral plans and policies.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 331}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2049,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Joseph Africano Bartel Undersecretary of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of South SudanAbbreviations and acronyms 13 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank CAMP Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan CH methane CO carbon dioxide ER emission reduction ESIA environmental and social impact assessment EV electric vehicle FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FY financial year GDP gross domestic product GHG greenhouse gas JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LULUCF land use, land use change and forestry m2 square metre MW megawatt N O nitrous oxide NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NATCOM Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDS National Development Strategy °C degree Celsius Ramsar Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SCP-HAT Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool SDG Sustainable Development Goal t tonne (metric ton) tCO e tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization $ United States dollar % percent14 Second Nationally Determined Contribution SUMMARYExecutive summary 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of South Sudan became a new nation after more than 50 years of civil war that took over 3 million lives and displaced over a million people. South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement and became the 55th country in Africa.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 248}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2050,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement and became the 55th country in Africa. The protracted conflict destroyed the limited infrastructure and governance structures that existed before the conflict. In December 2013 and July 2016, renewed conflicts undermined the development gains made since independence and exacerbated the humanitarian crisis. The gradual implementation of the peace agreement of September 2018, which included establishing a unity government in February 2020 and an agreement on the number of states, gave a positive economic outlook in early 2020. Along with the negative impacts of long-term conflicts, the adverse effects of changing climate are also being faced by the inhabitants of South Sudan. The country is experiencing an increasingly warm and dry climate with erratic rainfall.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2051,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Financing requirements for additional strategies proposed have also been provided, along with the assumptions and estimation methodology used. • International cooperation (Chapter 12) gives an estimation of the finances that will be required through international cooperation. These are preliminary estimates that will need further detailed analysis and assessment in the years ahead.32 Second Nationally Determined Contribution CIRCUMSTANCESNational circumstances 33 NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES The Republic of South Sudan became a new nation after more than 50 years of civil war that took over three million lives and displaced over a million people. South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement and became the 55th country in Africa. The protracted conflict destroyed what little infrastructure and governance structures had existed before the conflict.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2052,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The single long rainy season lasts from March to November, and peaks from May to September, leading to seasonal flooding (Figure 2). The rainfall regions of South Sudan stretch outside the country’s border into Ethiopia to the east, Sudan to the north and Uganda to the south (African Development Bank (AfDB), 2018). Annual rainfall ranges from 200 millimetres in the southeast to 1,200–2,200 millimetres in the forested areas in Western Equatoria and the Equatorian highlands. In the northern states, rainfall varies between 700 and 1,300 millimetres (United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2016). Historical data of rainfall show that the highest rainfall occurs in the southwest and is lowest in the northeast, especially in the greenbelt along the border with the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2053,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Most of the agriculture in South Sudan is rainfed and therefore depends on seasonal rainfall for optimal crop production, making the sector vulnerable to climate variability. Extended dry seasons (droughts) and increasing precipitation variability negatively impact the economy and the nutrition status Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA JONGLEI LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL +50 mm to -50 mm 50 mm to -100 mm decrease 100 mm to 150 mm decrease 150 mm or more decrease Legend Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960–2039 Source: UNEP, 2018aNational circumstances 37 LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL ABYEI REGION JONGLEI Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA < +0.7° C < +0.9° C < +1.1° C < +1.3° C Legend Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960–2039 Source: UNEP, 2018a Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001–2009 Source: Global Forest Watch, 2020 Thousands per hectare38 Second Nationally Determined Contribution of residents who rely on agriculture for their livelihoods.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 180}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2054,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Extended dry seasons (droughts) and increasing precipitation variability negatively impact the economy and the nutrition status Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA JONGLEI LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL +50 mm to -50 mm 50 mm to -100 mm decrease 100 mm to 150 mm decrease 150 mm or more decrease Legend Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960–2039 Source: UNEP, 2018aNational circumstances 37 LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL ABYEI REGION JONGLEI Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA < +0.7° C < +0.9° C < +1.1° C < +1.3° C Legend Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960–2039 Source: UNEP, 2018a Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001–2009 Source: Global Forest Watch, 2020 Thousands per hectare38 Second Nationally Determined Contribution of residents who rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. According to Taha et al.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 154}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2055,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"According to Taha et al. (2013), there is likely to be a reduction in sorghum production, one of the staple grains of most of the population, by 5–25 percent between 2000 and 2050. From 2001 to 2019, South Sudan has also witnessed a loss of around 12.3 square kilometres of relative tree cover, equivalent to an average annual decrease of 2 percent since 2000 (Figure 5) (UNEP, 2018a; Global Forest Watch, 2020). The major drivers for deforestation are commodity-driven deforestation, shifting agriculture and an increase in demand for fuelwood and charcoal (UNEP, 2018b). A study by Salih et al. (2013) in South Sudan suggests that reduction in vegetation cover significantly affects precipitation and surface temperature.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2056,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The education system consists of around 8,000 primary schools (Grades 1–8), about 120 secondary schools (Grades 9–12) and only one university (Global Partnership for Education, 2020). According to USAID, although the number of school enrolments has increased to 1.4 million from 300,000 in the year 2000 there are still 1 million children out of school. The same source highlights an acute shortage of trained qualified teachers, with the ratio of pupil to qualified teachers being 100 to 1. It is estimated that only around 8 percent of women are literate, possibly the lowest female literacy rate in the world (USAID, 2012).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2057,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"It is estimated that only around 8 percent of women are literate, possibly the lowest female literacy rate in the world (USAID, 2012). Women in poor and developing countries are affected by the adverse Table 1: Leading causes of death in South Sudan Cause of death Historical average Influenza and pneumonia 11,674 Diarrhoeal diseases 9,623 Birth trauma 5,371 Low birthweight 4,634 Coronary heart disease 4,621 Road traffic accidents 3,524 Maternal conditions 3,034 Diabetes mellitus 1,504 Lung disease 1,018 Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Cervical cancer 715 Breast cancer 657 Source: World Life Expectancy42 Second Nationally Determined Contribution effects of climate change because of their limited capacity to adapt. For various reasons, women are more vulnerable to climate change than men, including illiteracy, few socio-economic skills, poor access to assets, social isolation, limited access to decision-making and few economic assets (United Nations WomenWatch, 2009).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 141}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2058,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"For various reasons, women are more vulnerable to climate change than men, including illiteracy, few socio-economic skills, poor access to assets, social isolation, limited access to decision-making and few economic assets (United Nations WomenWatch, 2009). Similarly, women in South Sudan are at the bottom of the social hierarchy, which creates imbalances that leave them highly exposed to climate change disasters. They are less resilient, rely more on natural resources, and have a high rate of illiteracy, few skills and inadequate access to professional employment. This makes them more vulnerable than men to climate change disasters, and households headed by women are more susceptible (Mai et al., 2018). However, women can make a significant contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation if empowered. Education services are also impacted by climate change.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2059,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Petroleum is the lifeblood of the South Sudanese economy, followed in importance by services and agriculture (AfDB, 2020). Oil alone accounts for more than half of the total gross domestic product (GDP), 95 percent of exports, 90 percent of government revenues and a significant share of private sector employment (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2020b). Although South Sudan engages in primary fossil fuel production, it does not have an active refinery to manufacture secondary petroleum products, and the majority of the produced crude oil is exported. The country’s GDP per capita dropped from $1,111 in 2014 to less than $200 in 2017 (World Bank, 2020a).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2060,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The country’s GDP per capita dropped from $1,111 in 2014 to less than $200 in 2017 (World Bank, 2020a). In 2019, GDP growth was estimated to be 5.8 percent compared to 0.5 percent in 2018; recovery of the economy was driven by the reopening of oil fields and resumption ofNational circumstances 43 production after the peace agreement was signed in September 2018. These statistics highlight the dependence of South Sudan’s economy on its output of petroleum. However, adoption of climate change mitigation measures will influence the global energy consumption pattern, which will affect the economy of the nation. Climate policies and measures supported by the Kyoto Protocol and subsequent negotiations will see a reduction in the consumption of crude oil in developed countries, leading to a decline in global oil demand.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2061,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Industry and infrastructure in South Sudan are currently underdeveloped and people live in extreme poverty as a result of several decades of civil war with Sudan. In 2019, the population of South Sudan was 11,062,113, with the majority of the people (80 percent) living in rural areas. Of the small urban population, a majority (95 percent) live in slum settlements (AfDB, 2018). The country has had an annual population growth rate of 1 percent over the past five years. The country’s GDP per capita dropped from $1,111 in 2014 to less than $200 in 2017 as a result of a decline in oil production.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2062,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The country’s GDP per capita dropped from $1,111 in 2014 to less than $200 in 2017 as a result of a decline in oil production. With the resumption of oil production in 2017, the economy started to recover, showing a GDP growth of 0.5 percent in 2018, which further increased to 5.8 percent in 2019 (World Bank, 2020a). In 2018, the country imported goods worth $811 million while exports were valued at $1.71 billion, representing a trade surplus of $1.46 billion (Observatory of Economic Complexity). While the country’s key suppliers are China, Uganda, Kenya, the Netherlands, Thailand, Pakistan, the United States of America and Germany, it primarily exports goods to China, Pakistan, India, the United Arab Emirates, Uganda and Germany.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2063,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"• Imports: Out of total country s imports valued at 811.4 million in 2018, value of imports of commodities (cereal flour, dried legumes, sorghum, wheat flour, corn, rice etc.) equals US$137.6 million. 1 NATCOM report, accessed on 9 October 2020 Quantity of key crops produced in South Sudan Fishing Fishing provides a source of food security and livelihood for the people of South Sudan. • About 1.7 million people depend on fisheries for their livelihood, food security or income34 • The sector produces only 140,000 tonnes/year, however the annual potential is equivalent to 200,000 tonnes. It is attributed due to inadequate infrastructure like lack of cold storage facilities which leads to a significant loss.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2064,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"South Sudan also witnesses extensive conversion of forests and woodlands into grasslands, pastures and agricultural lands. The current deforestation rate is estimated to be 2 percent per year (UNEP, 2018a). As a result of continual deforestation and rapid conversion of forestlands, land use, land-use change and forestry was a net positive emitter of GHG emissions between 2005 and 2015, with net emissions equal to 2.76 million tCO e in 2015 (Figure 28).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2065,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"As a result of continual deforestation and rapid conversion of forestlands, land use, land-use change and forestry was a net positive emitter of GHG emissions between 2005 and 2015, with net emissions equal to 2.76 million tCO e in 2015 (Figure 28). Apart from deforestation, other major challenges to sustainable forest management in South Sudan include a lack of coordination between the state and national governments on forest management and a knowledge gap on the current status of natural forest resources at national and regional Men Women Total Thousand workers Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, Source: SCP-HAT, 2015 GHG emissions Net emissions Forest land Land converted to cropland Land converted to grassland Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 Source: South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 201884 Second Nationally Determined Contribution levels.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2066,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Afforestation and reforestation activities, including the reclamation of degraded land, will provide high employment opportunities. This is also evident from estimates that suggest that afforestation, reforestation and the control of desertification of 5,000 square kilometres of land annually, could potentially create 4–5 million full-time-equivalent jobs (Nair and Rutt, 2009). In addition, promotion of community-based forest management and ecotourism in South Sudan will contribute to a more diverse employment base. It will provide more opportunities to the local workforce that has the capacity and traditional knowledge to carry out forest management work, which is needed to improve and restore forest ecosystems. Since women are traditionally engaged in collecting fuel wood and food from forests, they have more knowledge of the trees and forests in terms of biological diversity, sustainable management and conservation practices (FAO, 2014).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2067,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The number of wildlife species has decreased significantly in key wildlife areas of the country. For instance, elephant populations have declined from 20,000 in 1980 to less than 2,500 in 2007, and giraffe populations declined from 96,000 to less than 500 during the same period (UNEP, 2018a). Increasing climate variability exacerbates this existing stress on South Sudan’s ecosystems. Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall have led to floods and droughts in the region, which negatively impact natural ecosystems, especially the ecologically sensitive zones such as the Sudd wetland. According to recent published research, methane emissions from wetlands in East Africa, especially the Sudd wetland, were responsible for about a third of the growth in global emissions between 2010 and 2016.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2068,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The emissions increased from 0.17 million tCO e in 2012 to 0.20 million tonnes in 2015. Although South Sudan is completely dependent on thermal power generation, it has great potential for generating electricity through renewable energy sources. Most areas of the country receive 10–12 hours of sunshine a day, with a solar potential of approximately 6.9 gigajoules per square metre per year. Currently, solar-based energy generation is insignificant in the country and it is estimated that only about 45,000 households have some form of lighting or electrical appliance powered by solar energy. South Sudan also has huge potential for hydropower, with more than 200 suitable sites for small-scale hydropower generation plants. The hydropower potential is estimated to be 4,860 MW with an annual production of 24,132 gigawatt-hours (South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 2018).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2069,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Due to its relatively small population and limited industrial development, water demand is low in South Sudan compared to its neighbouring countries. However, demand is expected to rise significantly with increasing population and industrial activities. The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation reported, in 2007, that the impact of human activities on the quantity and quality of water resources was already evident and of growing concern. Moreover, it has been observed that once-perennial rivers in South Sudan are becoming seasonal. Climate change is likely to exacerbate this problem, impacting water availability and reliability. Another critical issue in South Sudan is the absence of wastewater management infrastructure. Untreated municipal wastewater, sludge and industrial effluents run directly into water bodies, since most towns lack water treatment and adequate sanitation facilities.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2070,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The share of GHG emissions from domestic production was 0.0036 million tCO e, contributing marginally (0.005 percent) to total domestic production GHG emissions (67.6 million tCO e). Other environmental impacts of hotels and restaurants are observed in terms of natural resource consumption, such as water, and waste generation. In 2017, hotels and institutions in Juba generated 62 tonnes per day (5 percent of total waste generated) (JICA, 2018). 7.8.2 Emission reduction potential Globally, the tourism sector contributed 8 percent to emissions between 2009–2013 (Dunne, 2018). The majority of these emissions (more than 50 percent) came from aviation and road transport, followed by accommodation (World Tourism Organization, 2019). Since emissions related to domestic transport (both road and aviation) for South Sudan are accounted for in the transport sector, here the focus is only on emission reduction from the hotel industry.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2071,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"However, these are currently neither efficient nor reliable. Road transport is the single largest mode of transport, with most goods being transported by road. However, most roads (including highways) are unpaved and are inaccessible during the rainy season due to poor maintenance. The poor infrastructure results in freight tariffs being almost four times higher than those in neighbouring countries. Vehicle ownership remains low as a result of the country’s low average income and poor road infrastructure. Most of the vehicles imported are used and old and are therefore inefficient. South Sudan has 248 kilometres of narrow-gauge single-track railway, stretching from Babonosa in north Sudan to Wau. However, the rail network has not been operational since 2009/2010. The country has one heliport and about 85 airports, of which only three have paved runways.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 115}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2072,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 19, No. 23 (December), pp. 14721–14740. acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/14721/2019/. Accessed 12 April 2021. Mai, N. J. H., N. Tiitmamer and J. M. Jok (2018). Climate Change and Gender in South Sudan. Juba: The Sudd Institute. www.africaportal. org/publications/climate-change-and-gender- low%20access%20to.162 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Marcacci, S. (2019). Renewable Energy Job Boom Creates Economic Opportunity As Coal Industry Slumps, 22 April. www.forbes. renewable-energy-job-boom-creating- economic-opportunity-as-coal-industry- November 2020. Migration Data Portal (2020). Migration Data in Eastern Africa. Berlin. org/de/regional-data-overview/eastern- 12 December 2020. Mozersky, D. and D. M. Kammen (2018). South Sudan’s Renewable Energy Potential. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace. www. south-sudans-renewable-energy-potential- a-building-block-for-peace.pdf. Accessed 9 December 2020. Nair, C. T. S. and R. Rutt (2009). Creating Forestry Jobs to Boost the Economy and Build a Green Future. Rome: FAO. www.fao.org/3/i1025e/ 2020. National Resources Defence Council (2014).","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2073,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"surrounding%20areas.164 Second Nationally Determined Contribution UNEP (2018b). South Sudan Cracks Down on Charcoal Trade, 2 August. www.unep.org/news-and- stories/story/south-sudan-cracks-down- charcoal-trade. UNEP (2019). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2018–2027). Nairobi. www.cbd.int/ 12 December 2020. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2018). UN Works with Global Hotel Industry to Reduce Emissions, 31 January. hotel-industry-to-reduce-emissions. Accessed 9 December 2020. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020). Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2019. www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/. Accessed 6 December 2020. United Nations WomenWatch (2009). Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change. www. un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/ downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_ Factsheet.pdf. USAID (2012). Education in South Sudan. www.usaid. SouthSudanInfo.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2020. USAID (2016). Climate Risk Profile: South Sudan. Sheet%20-%20South%20Sudan_0.pdf. Accessed 3 December 2020. USAID (2017). Water and Development Country Plan. Juba. www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/ south_sudan_country_plan.pdf. Accessed 29 November 2020. Verisk Maplecroft (2017). Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2017. int/files/resources/verisk%20index.pdf.","{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2074,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Source: BEIS Business and Industry Public Sector Transport Power Homes Natural Resources Figure 10: UK emissions by sector, 2015127 Heating in buildings and industry creates around 32% of total UK emissionsThe Clean Growth Strategy 131 BEIS initial estimates of a subset of new early stage policies and proposals show an additional potential reduction of up to 30 Mt and 80 Mt over the fourth and fifth carbon budget periods respectively; these and other policies will be developed building on the proposals outlined in the Strategy. 132 The Act sets out specific requirements to follow before deciding to use a particular flexibility (such as seeking advice from the Committee on Climate Change before banking) or when creating a framework for a decision to be taken within (such as setting a limit on the amount of carbon units which can be used to meet carbon budgets).","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2075,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,132 The Act sets out specific requirements to follow before deciding to use a particular flexibility (such as seeking advice from the Committee on Climate Change before banking) or when creating a framework for a decision to be taken within (such as setting a limit on the amount of carbon units which can be used to meet carbon budgets). Any use of flexibilities needs to be consistent with keeping the UK on track to meet its long term target in 2050 having regard to domestic action. 133 Government will take a decision on whether to bank any surplus from the second to third carbon budget by May 2019 and from the third to the fourth carbon budgets in May 2024.,"{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2076,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,133 Government will take a decision on whether to bank any surplus from the second to third carbon budget by May 2019 and from the third to the fourth carbon budgets in May 2024. The decision will be made after taking into account advice from the Committee on Climate Change and consulting with the Devolved Administrations. Table 2: Performance against carbon budgets130 The Cimate Change Act 2008132 The Act allows Government some flexibility on when and how to reduce UK emissions on route to 2050 but before doing so the Government must obtain and take into account the advice of the Committee on Climate Change and consult the Devolved Administrations. There are three options: 1.,"{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2077,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Table 2: Performance against carbon budgets130 The Cimate Change Act 2008132 The Act allows Government some flexibility on when and how to reduce UK emissions on route to 2050 but before doing so the Government must obtain and take into account the advice of the Committee on Climate Change and consult the Devolved Administrations. There are three options: 1. Carry forward over-achievement from earlier budgets: The Act allows for Government to carry forward over- achievement from one carbon budget to the next, so that early action to reduce emissions increases the following budget133. 2. Carry back from later carbon budgets: The Act allows for the Government to increase the carbon budget in one period with a corresponding tightening of the next carbon budget. This ‘borrowing’ is limited to one per cent of the later carbon budget. 3.","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2078,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"This ‘borrowing’ is limited to one per cent of the later carbon budget. 3. Use international carbon credits: The Act allows for the purchase of good quality international carbon credits to contribute to meeting carbon budgets but with a limit on the use of these credits set 18 months in advance of the relevant carbon budget. Carbon Budget Existing policies Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Existing and new policies and Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Result vs. Budget, cumulative emissions, Mt Cumulative surplus (+) or deficit (-), Mt +132 +223 +107 -6042 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Delivering Affordable Energy Actions taken to tackle emissions have helped to reduce average energy bills for households as efficiency savings have more than offset the cost of financial support provided for developing low carbon technologies.","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2079,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Carbon Budget Existing policies Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Existing and new policies and Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Result vs. Budget, cumulative emissions, Mt Cumulative surplus (+) or deficit (-), Mt +132 +223 +107 -6042 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Delivering Affordable Energy Actions taken to tackle emissions have helped to reduce average energy bills for households as efficiency savings have more than offset the cost of financial support provided for developing low carbon technologies. The cost of policies delivering cleaner energy, support for vulnerable households and investing in upgrading our buildings accounts for around 12 per cent of an average gas and electricity bill. However, these costs are on average more than offset by savings from improvements to the energy efficiency of people’s homes, delivering a saving of £14 on average in 2016 (see figure 11).","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2080,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"2018 BEIS Develop and consult on a package of measures to support businesses to improve how productively they use energy. BEIS/HMT Ensure incentives for investment in energy efficiency are regularly reviewed, for instance the list of products that qualify for enhanced capital allowances tax relief. On-going BEIS Undertake an evaluation of the Climate Change Agreements to inform any successor scheme from 2023. Expected to commence in 2018 132 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Annex B: Actions and milestones This annex sets out actions and milestones that the Government is committing to in this plan, and related publications. Actions will be updated and progress reported through the Government’s response to the Committee on Climate Change’s annual progress report.","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2081,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"The Committee on Climate Change The Act also established the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), an independent statutory body, to advise the Government and the Devolved Administrations on setting and meeting carbon budgets. The CCC advises on the level of each budget, the respective contributions that different sectors could make and the extent to which carbon budgets could be met through the use of flexibilities. Legislated carbon budgets Five carbon budgets have been set to date, covering 2008 to 2032319. The fourth carbon budget (covering 2023 to 2027) was set in June 2011320. The fifth carbon budget (covering 2028 to 2032) was set in July 2016321. Accounting for emissions The UK’s performance against its 2050 target and carbon budgets is assessed through the UK’s net carbon account, measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e)322.","{'text': '132', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2082,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"China has put ‘Green Development’ at the heart of its current five year economic strategy85 and committed to reduce its level of carbon emissions per unit of economic activity by 60 per cent to 65 per cent by 2030 compared to 2005. India’s targets commit to reducing emissions by 33 to 35 per cent over the same period, and Prime Minister Modi has plans to make India a leader in solar and renewable energy86. These ambitions have translated into impressive plans. India plans to increase its renewable power fivefold to 175 gigawatts by 202287, including 60 gigawatts of wind and 100 gigawatts of solar; and China has committed to invest $360 billion in low carbon power by 202088, increasing its renewable energy capacity by around 40 per cent. This ambition extends to the transport sector.","{'text': '228', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2083,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"We will announce plans for the public sector to lead the way in transitioning to zero emission vehicles, with an ambitious uptake requirement for central government and new Buying Standards to encourage procurers to choose the cleanest, low emission vehicle. 7. We will support the uptake of low emission taxis: • The Government will provide £50 million for the Plug-in Taxi programme, which gives taxi drivers up to £7,500 off the purchase price of a new ULEV taxi, alongside £14 million to support ten local areas to deliver dedicated charge points for taxis228. • We will consider whether our revised best practice guidance to local taxi and private hire vehicle (PHV) licensing authorities in England should recommend zero emission capability in urban areas by 2032.","{'text': '228', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2084,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"• We will consider whether our revised best practice guidance to local taxi and private hire vehicle (PHV) licensing authorities in England should recommend zero emission capability in urban areas by 2032. In considering the Law Commission’s recommendation for national taxi and PHV standards in England, we will examine the potential for Government to make this target mandatory. 227 DfT (2017) £23 million boost for hydrogen-powered vehicles and infrastructure 228 BEIS, DfT (2017) 1,000 jobs created at new £325 million factory for electric taxis Electric Cars Sue Bentley from Runcorn, Cheshire: “When I purchased an electric car I was the only one in my neighbourhood at that time. I believe electric vehicles are the way forward, they’re easy to run, reliable and good for the planet.","{'text': '228', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2085,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Technology and resource costs and performance assumptions were also kept the same and sector emissions were aligned to those in the 2032 pathway described in this Strategy. Impact of international aviation and shipping on 2050 emissions International aviation and shipping emissions are not currently included within the UK’s targets under the Climate Change Act. However, carbon budgets have been set in a way that takes these emissions into account – the UK is on a trajectory that could be consistent with a 2050 target that includes emissions from international aviation and shipping.154 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 348 CCC (2015) Sectoral scenarios for the fifth carbon budget","{'text': '348', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2086,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"However, carbon budgets have been set in a way that takes these emissions into account – the UK is on a trajectory that could be consistent with a 2050 target that includes emissions from international aviation and shipping.154 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 348 CCC (2015) Sectoral scenarios for the fifth carbon budget The CCC’s central scenario allows 37.5 MtCO e for aviation emissions in 2050, of which 36.2 MtCO e 349 The AC used two scenarios – one called “carbon capped”, and one called “carbon-traded”. In the “carbon-capped” scenario, the AC’s analysis showed that policies are available to limit UK aviation emissions to the CCC planning assumption of 37.5 MtCO e in 2050 (domestic and international).","{'text': '348', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2087,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"In the “carbon-capped” scenario, the AC’s analysis showed that policies are available to limit UK aviation emissions to the CCC planning assumption of 37.5 MtCO e in 2050 (domestic and international). In the “carbon traded” scenario, there is a global carbon market allowing reductions to be made where they are most efficient across the global economy resulting in UK aviation emissions of 44 MtCO e (domestic and international). e total international aviation and shipping emission assumed in this scenario The Government has not reached a final view on the appropriate level of international aviation and shipping emissions in 2050. The CCC in their advice on the fifth carbon budget advised leaving space in the 2050 target of around e. This has been the modelling assumption used throughout this Strategy348.","{'text': '348', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2088,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"The CCC in their advice on the fifth carbon budget advised leaving space in the 2050 target of around e. This has been the modelling assumption used throughout this Strategy348. We have undertaken sensitivity analysis to test the potential impact of higher or lower aviation emissions on how the UK could meet its 2050 target (focusing on aviation emissions as they are greater than shipping emissions). There are a number of policy measures available, both at the domestic and international levels, to address aviation emissions. It is likely that a combination of approaches and policy measures will be required.","{'text': '348', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2089,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"13 Rieckmann, A., Tamason, C. C., Gurley, E. S., Rod, N. H., Jensen, P. K. M. Exploring Droughts and Floods and their Association with Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Register-Based Ecological Study from 1990 to 2010. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 98(5), 2018, pp.1269-1274.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 9 Slow-onset changes in climate also cause reductions in water supply. In May 2020, the Bulawayo City Council implemented a weekly 144-hours water- shedding programme following an acute shortage of water, when the Lower Ncema Dam was decommissioned after the water level reached an all-time low of 6.7% following an extended drought. Zimbabwe is estimated to experience a decline of 38% in national water availability per capita by 2050 due to climate change14.","{'text': '74', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2090,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,M_Volume,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"14 Davis & Hirji (2014), Climate Change and Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in Zimbabwe. World Bank Issues Paper. 15 MLAWCRR (2020), National Water Resources Master Plan 2020-2040.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 Natural capital Exposure Water (surface and underground), soil, pastures, biodiversity (hot-spots: Kalahari and Save-Limpopo eco-regions), forests (covering about 46% of the total land area, 179,748km2), and wetlands (there are more than 1,100 of economic value in the country that cover about 1.2 million hectares, with dambos being the most important wetland type in terms of economic and environmental benefits) are directly exposed to extreme climatic events and slow-onset climate changes across the country. As a result, their provision of ecosystem services is also reduced.","{'text': '74', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
2091,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"The LEDS for Surface Transport12 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6. Private vehicle demand management through shared mobility, traffic system management carpooling, ride sharing and rental services, import restriction on internal combustion engine cars from 2030 and introducing annual import quota system.","{'text': 'introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2092,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"This enabling activity will result in the full assessment of mitigation potentials in the industries sector and facilitate the participation of the private sector in low emission development. e) Low Emission Development Strategy for Surface Transport The LEDS for Surface Transport18 was developed to provide strategic intervention options for transport and mobility and are categorised as follows: 1. Mass transit though improvements in bus systems and the introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit. 2. Promotion of electric passenger vehicles (taxi, two wheelers, light vehicles, buses) 3. Low emission freight transport system for heavy and commercial trucks and freight trains 4. Non-motorized transport system through public bicycle systems and improved sidewalks, crosswalks 5. Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6.","{'text': 'introduction of open-bus rapid transit (BRT) network (electric and diesel) and light rail transit.', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2093,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap. Energy efficiency standards for fuel-powered vehicles and vessels will be upgraded, energy efficiency labeling system for transport equipment will be improved, and timeworn vehicles and vessels that are highly energy-consuming and of high emissions will be phased out. China will further actively guide low-carbon travel. China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems, and strengthen the construction of urban slow traffic systems, namely, special bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways, etc. By making comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other management measures, China will put particular emphasis on combating urban traffic congestion. 8.","{'text': 'China will quicken the construction of large-capacity public transport infrastructure including urban railways, special traffic lanes and bus rapid transit systems,', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2094,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,Inversión en la reconversión de transformadores eficientes para el sistema eléctrico. 14. Introducción de estándares de eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucción de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeración y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia según protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificación de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. Líneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva línea de teleférico. 19. Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovación del parque de autobuses de diésel por unidades eléctricas 100 %. 21. Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos.,"{'text': 'Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)', 'answer_start': 80}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2095,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector público en nuevas líneas para el teleférico a partir de tecnologías maduras en el mercado y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema para medir las emisiones de GEI generada que provienen de las instalaciones del metro de Santo Domingo, a partir de la emisión del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medición, Reporte y Verificación (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero. Título de la opción: Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) Objetivo Reducción de GEI en el sector transporte e inversión en nuevo Sistema de BRT para ciudades de alta demanda de pasajeros.","{'text': 'Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)', 'answer_start': 78}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2096,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Título de la opción: Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) Objetivo Reducción de GEI en el sector transporte e inversión en nuevo Sistema de BRT para ciudades de alta demanda de pasajeros. Entidad Responsable (Institución que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opción) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificación, aprobado, en ejecución) Sector y Categorías según IPCC-2006 (Identificar sector y categorías especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD)Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT Reducción de emisiones 2816.11 Gg CO2eq. Inversiones previstas en un nuevo sistema de BRT. Ejecución Prevista Sector Energía, Categoría: 1.A.3b Transporte carretero. La opción sustituye combustibles en las subcategorías de Buses y Camiones.","{'text': 'Creación y adecuación del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)', 'answer_start': 4}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2097,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales. La stratégie de déploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour être attractifs, les transports en commun doivent être confortables et sûrs. Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret. Pour les performances des équipements, la priorité de court terme est celle de l’amélioration des performances des véhicules mis sur le marché par la réglementation. Mais à moyen terme, il convient d’élaborer une stratégie d’électrification de tous les types de véhicules : scooters, automobiles, véhicules utilitaires légers, bus.","{'text': 'La stratégie de déploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour être attractifs, les transports en commun doivent être confortables et sûrs. Pour l’interurbain, le réseau ferré doit assurer le développement des TGV, des trains intercités et du fret', 'answer_start': 30}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2098,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement. Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).,"{'text': 'Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.', 'answer_start': 19}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2099,MNG,Mongolia,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150924_INDCs%20of%20Mongolia.pdf,"171, 2012: Building materials programme Agriculture Maintain livestock population at appropriate levels according to the pasture carrying capacity. Mongolian national livestock programme,3b. Additional actions Mongolia is also interested to pursue some additional mitigation actions: Reduce fuel use in individual households through improving stove efficiency (with co-benefit of air pollution reduction), Transport (development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar), Agriculture (development of a comprehensive plan for emission reductions in the livestock sub-sector for implementation between 2020 and 2030), Waste sector (development of a waste management plan, including recycling, waste-to-energy, and best management practices), Industry (motor-efficiency and housekeeping improvements). Furthermore, in the forestry sector, a programme is underway to develop a detailed inventory along with the identification of mitigation options.","{'text': 'Development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2100,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions. In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars.","{'text': 'expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2101,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars. The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy.","{'text': 'expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2102,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Table 7: Type of international support required for mitigation actions Mitigation action Brief description of the action Type of support needed Solar photovoltaic 33% of generation to come from solar PV Finance, technology Energy efficiency of buildings Increased energy efficiency through buildings standards Finance, capacity-building Energy efficient lighting Increased efficiency of lightbulbs through standards Finance, capacity-building Use of waste for cement production Use of waste in cement production Finance Use of waste for electricity generation Capture and utilisation of landfill gases Finance, technology,capacity-building Reduction of methane from landfill Capture landfill gases for use in power generation. Finance, technology, capacity-building Compressed natural gas powered vehicles Conversion of 1,000 taxis to CNG-powered vehicles Finance Plug-in electric- hybrid vehicles Conversion of 1,000 vehicle to electric vehicles Finance, technology Modal shift programmes Creation and maintenance of bus rapid transit lanes Finance Afforestation Planting additional FinanceMitigation action Brief description of the action Type of support needed hectares of forestland Further to Table 7, additional conditional mitigation actions have been identified since the publication of the INCR and are not included in the cost estimate above.","{'text': 'Creation and maintenance of bus rapid transit lanes', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2103,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"Finance, technology, capacity-building Compressed natural gas powered vehicles Conversion of 1,000 taxis to CNG-powered vehicles Finance Plug-in electric- hybrid vehicles Conversion of 1,000 vehicle to electric vehicles Finance, technology Modal shift programmes Creation and maintenance of bus rapid transit lanes Finance Afforestation Planting additional FinanceMitigation action Brief description of the action Type of support needed hectares of forestland Further to Table 7, additional conditional mitigation actions have been identified since the publication of the INCR and are not included in the cost estimate above. These are presented in the table below. Table 8: Additional conditional mitigation actions, identified since the publication of the INCR Sector Action Agriculture Adoption of climate-smart production practices and more resource efficient post-harvest processing practices in agricultural value chains (including fruit trees, vegetables, field crops and livestock) that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration in plant biomass and soil organic matter.","{'text': 'Creation and maintenance of bus rapid transit lanes', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2104,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'bus rapid transport (BRT) project', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2105,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Elles permettront : - Une amélioration globale et durable des conditions de déplacement des populations ; - Une meilleure contribution du sous-secteur à la croissance et à la productivité de l économie nationale ; - Une baisse sensible de la pollution et de l impact négatif de celle-ci sur la croissance économique ; - Une diversification des modes de transport avec le recours au transport ferroviaire et maritime. Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE.","{'text': 'Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)', 'answer_start': 74}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2106,SEN,Senegal,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf,"Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE. Le gouvernement a réalisé d’énormes efforts qui ont abouti à : (1) la réorganisation du secteur, à travers l’élaboration de texte règlementaires adéquats, (2) la mise en œuvre du Programme National de Gestion des Déchets solides, (3) la réalisation d’infrastructures de gestion des déchets solides et liquides, et (4) l’adoption d’un programme de sensibilisation, de formation et de renforcement de capacité.","{'text': 'Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)', 'answer_start': 6}",fr-FR,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2107,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"This standard specifies the design requirements for energy efficiency in buildings and of services in buildings with natural environmental control and artificial ventilation or air conditioning systems. The second, SANS 10400-XA Energy Usage in Buildings, includes the provisions of SANS 204 and others, providing a standard for energy efficient buildings.xii Promotion of cleaner mobility: Emissions from energy supply in the transport sector are addressed through a number of policy documents. The 2007 Public Transport Strategy sets out an action plan for accelerated modal shifts and for the development of integrated rapid public transport networks. Since then, the successful implementation of the bus rapid transport (BRT) system in Johannesburg has led to it being adapted and implemented in other major South African cities, with further roll-outs being planned.","{'text': 'Since then, the successful implementation of the bus rapid transport (BRT) system in Johannesburg has led to it being adapted and implemented in other major South African cities, with further roll-outs being planned.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2108,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"Since then, the successful implementation of the bus rapid transport (BRT) system in Johannesburg has led to it being adapted and implemented in other major South African cities, with further roll-outs being planned. In 2018 the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) to 2050 was launched. The GTS provides the strategic direction for the transport sector regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, the contribution of transport to the green economy and the promotion of sustainable mobility.","{'text': 'Since then, the successful implementation of the bus rapid transport (BRT) system in Johannesburg has led to it being adapted and implemented in other major South African cities, with further roll-outs being planned.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2109,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"14 The Five Year Development Plan II (FYDPII) states as targets for “Proportion of energy derived from renewable green Energy” 50% by 2020/21 and 70% by 2025/26. However, under the plan this includes liquified petroleum gas. 15 As outlined in the Power System Master Plan (2016).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 18 electrification. e) Reducing the consumption of charcoal in urban and rural areas by promoting affordable alternative energy sources through a regulation policy for charcoal production and use. Transport a) Promoting low emission transport systems through deployment of mass rapid transport system and investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system and expansion/scaling up of BRT infrastructures. b) Promoting the use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems.","{'text': 'expansion/scaling up of BRT infrastructures.', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2110,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.,"{'text': 'BRT – Bus Rapid Transit', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2111,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'BRT – Bus Rapid Transit', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2112,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"No change in load factor. Develop land use and transport master plans incorporating transit-oriented land use and measures to incentivise well-located affordable housing along planned mass rapid transit lines. Adopt TOD friendly building control rules by 2025. TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050. BRT – Bus Rapid Transit Road: Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030.18 Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. GKMA Passenger service Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.","{'text': 'BRT – Bus Rapid Transit', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2113,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day’s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth’s Forest and Children’s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off –shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 10 № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.","{'text': 'To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities', 'answer_start': 913}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2114,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,№ Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off –shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 10 № Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 11 3. Adaptation Component Annual mean temperature in DPR Korea rose by 1.9oC over the 20th century.,"{'text': 'To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities', 'answer_start': 242}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2115,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Considering the over-arching nature of climate change and also to cater to national obligations vis-à-vis international treaties and agreements, a full-fledged Ministry of Climate Change was established at the national level in 2012. A synopsis of climate change actions being undertaken by the sub-national governments are as follows: o Establishment of Directorates of Climate Change and Multilateral Environment Agreement (MEAs)o Formulation of climate change policies o Frameworks for implementing climate change policies o Constitution of climate change policy implementation committees o Construction of 1,000 MW Quaid-e-Azam solar park in Punjab o Improvement of urban public transport systems, especially Bus Rapid Transport at Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad and Multan, and urban rail transport (Orange Line) at Lahore o Green Pakistan Programme of tree plantation across Pakistan o Large-scale tree plantation programmes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa o Conservation of national parks and protected areas o Natural resource management o Clean development mechanism o Green Charter for cities (already signed for Islamabad) With the institutional infrastructure rapidly becoming operational at the sub-national level, the national climate policy action plans are being re-defined with sub-national governments taking on dominant roles and responsibilities.","{'text': 'Improvement of urban public transport systems, especially Bus Rapid Transport at Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad and Multan, and urban rail transport (Orange Line) at Lahore', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2116,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,S_BRT,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"A synopsis of climate change actions being undertaken by the sub-national governments are as follows: o Establishment of Directorates of Climate Change and Multilateral Environment Agreement (MEAs)o Formulation of climate change policies o Frameworks for implementing climate change policies o Constitution of climate change policy implementation committees o Construction of 1,000 MW Quaid-e-Azam solar park in Punjab o Improvement of urban public transport systems, especially Bus Rapid Transport at Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad and Multan, and urban rail transport (Orange Line) at Lahore o Green Pakistan Programme of tree plantation across Pakistan o Large-scale tree plantation programmes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa o Conservation of national parks and protected areas o Natural resource management o Clean development mechanism o Green Charter for cities (already signed for Islamabad) With the institutional infrastructure rapidly becoming operational at the sub-national level, the national climate policy action plans are being re-defined with sub-national governments taking on dominant roles and responsibilities. It is expected that with the consolidation of legal and institutional infrastructure, the overall climate governance structure will strengthen and allow the Ministry of Climate Change to better assist policy and operational activities of sub-national entities.","{'text': 'Improvement of urban public transport systems, especially Bus Rapid Transport at Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad and Multan, and urban rail transport (Orange Line) at Lahore', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2117,BTN,Bhutan,2nd NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf,"Improve fuel-efficiency in internal combustion engines through stringent vehicle and emission standards 6. Private vehicle demand management through shared mobility, traffic system management carpooling, ride sharing and rental services, import restriction on internal combustion engine cars from 2030 and introducing annual import quota system. The mitigation options with varying levels of marginal abatement costs have been prioritised for implementation with activities across the short-term (2021- 2025), medium-term (until 2030) and long-term (until 2050). The mitigation measures have a cumulative mitigation potential of 5,283 Gg CO2e and are a mix of investments from relatively inexpensive low hanging interventions to large infrastructure investments up to an overall total investment requirement of USD 3,233 million till 2030. Major expenditures in the transport sector are in the areas of infrastructure development to introduce low emission transport modes.","{'text': 'The mitigation measures have a cumulative mitigation potential of 5,283 Gg CO2e and are a mix of investments from relatively inexpensive low hanging interventions to large infrastructure investments up to an overall total investment requirement of USD 3,233 million till 2030. Major expenditures in the transport sector are in the areas of infrastructure development to introduce low emission transport modes.', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2118,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity.', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2119,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2120,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses.', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2121,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· The Government supports the Commission’s ambitions to revise the urban wastewater treat- ment and sewage sludge directives to intensify focus on energy production and recycling of nu- trients. Transport Measures (road transport): · DKK 180 million to cancel tax increases on electric vehicles and reduce the process energy tax on EV electricity. · DKK 25 million to introduce a deduction in the tax basis for green company cars to reduce the price of green driving to and from work. · DKK 75 million to accelerate the transition to green buses. · DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.,"{'text': 'DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2122,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding. · Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points.,"{'text': 'DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2123,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,· DKK 100 million to promote cycling and a pool of DKK 50 million from which municipalities can apply for cycling project funding in return for a 50% co-funding. · Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points.,"{'text': 'Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2124,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"· Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points. · Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.","{'text': 'Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2125,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"· Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points. · Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.","{'text': 'Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2126,DNK,Denmark,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"· Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries. · The Government’s climate initiative for road transport defines the framework for the future regula- tion of road transport that will generate a total reduction of one million tonnes of CO2e across initi- atives in the area of passenger cars and heavy transport. Development initiatives and EU regulation: · The Government will work out a strategy for the further development of the renewable fuels market in Denmark as a transitional scheme towards 2035.","{'text': 'Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2127,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"La República Dominicana, a través de los artículos referenciados, mejora y actualiza su NDC con respecto a lo planteado en el Acuerdo de París, incluido el logro de su objetivo más ambicioso de reducir el 27 % de las emisiones con respecto al escenario BAU 2030, expresando con mejor claridad su ambición en términos de inversiones climáticas para cumplir con el acuerdo global y sus indicadores. En el Sector de Energía, según las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia técnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energías Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generación de electricidad, eficiencia energética y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducción a las emisiones al 2030.","{'text': 'En el Sector de Energía, según las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia técnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energías Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generación de electricidad, eficiencia energética y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducción a las emisiones al 2030', 'answer_start': 66}",es-ES,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2128,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"En el Sector de Energía, según las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia técnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energías Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generación de electricidad, eficiencia energética y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducción a las emisiones al 2030. Adicionalmente para el Sector de Energía, según el “REMAP, IRENA-2016”, con la participación de la Comisión Nacional de Energía, se pronostican escenarios en REMAP con un potencial estimado en parques eólicos de 2,304 MWp y para la instalación de paneles solares en espacios residenciales, de servicios y granjas solares un potencialContribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 estimado de 1761 MWp en todo el territorio nacional.","{'text': 'En el Sector de Energía, según las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia técnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energías Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generación de electricidad, eficiencia energética y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducción a las emisiones al 2030', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2129,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.","{'text': 'Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2130,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2131,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2132,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2133,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2134,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. • Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040. • Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK.","{'text': 'Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2135,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK. We will engage with industry to explore establishing a UK Shipping Office for Reducing Emissions (UK- SHORE) to transform the UK into a global leader in the design and manufacturing of clean maritime technology. • Become a leader in zero-emission flight, kick-starting commercialisation of UK sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), and developing a UK SAF mandate, to enable the delivery of 10% SAF by 2030, and we will be supporting UK industry with a £180m funding to support the development of SAF plants. Progress to date 1.","{'text': 'we will be supporting UK industry with a £180m funding to support the development of SAF plants', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2136,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Become a leader in zero-emission flight, kick-starting commercialisation of UK sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), and developing a UK SAF mandate, to enable the delivery of 10% SAF by 2030, and we will be supporting UK industry with a £180m funding to support the development of SAF plants. Progress to date 1. Domestic transport has the largest share of UK greenhouse gas emissions of any sector across the economy, at 23% in 2019. The majority (55%) of these emissions are from passenger cars, contributing 68 MtCO e. This is followed by heavy goods vehicles and light goods vehicles contributing 19 MtCO e e (16%) respectively. The remaining emissions in domestic shipping, road transport, rail, and domestic aviation contribute a combined further 2.","{'text': 'we will be supporting UK industry with a £180m funding to support the development of SAF plants', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2137,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The imperative to decarbonise brings with it a host of other benefits, including new business models, new modes, increasing levels of autonomy, far better integration, and a blurring of the distinction between traditional forms of transport, as well as public and private travel coming together to offer greater choice and flexibility. We will use research and development to build on the expertise of business and academia, maximising opportunities for growth, exports and hundreds of thousands of new high‑quality jobs. 10. To achieve the level of emissions reductions in the transport sector indicated by our delivery pathway to 2037, we will need additional public and private investment of around £220 billion. 11. Decarbonising the transport sector will regenerate communities and open up new employment opportunities right around the UK.","{'text': 'To achieve the level of emissions reductions in the transport sector indicated by our delivery pathway to 2037, we will need additional public and private investment of around £220 billion', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2138,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are building a globally competitive UK zero emission vehicle supply chain to ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. Since 2020, the government has been actively supporting the transformation of the automotive supply chain to electrification through the Automotive Transformation Fund (ATF). We are allocating a further £350 million of our up to £1 billion ATF commitment to support the electrification of UK vehicles and their supply chains. We will also continue to invest in R&D through the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC) competition to ensure the UK remains at the forefront of the development and industrialisation of zero emission vehicle technologies. 31.","{'text': 'We are allocating a further £350 million of our up to £1 billion ATF commitment to support the electrification of UK vehicles and their supply chains', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2139,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users. We have already announced £1.3 billion of investment to accelerate the rollout of charging infrastructure on motorways, on streets, in homes and workplaces. The Government has committed an additional £620 million of funding to support the transition to electric vehicles. Further details will be published in due course. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back GreenerSmart Charging Amir is self-employed and uses a van for work. His work involves a lot of journeys locally, totalling around 250-300 miles per week. He usually plugs into charge every few evenings, with his vehicle fully charged by the morning.","{'text': 'The Government has committed an additional £620 million of funding to support the transition to electric vehicles', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2140,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We have also consulted on a target for UK domestic aviation to reach net zero by 2040. 41. We are supporting the development of new and zero carbon UK aircraft technology through the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) programme and fund zero emission flight infrastructure R&D at UK airports. As part of the Jet Zero ambition, the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) provides R&D funding, matched by industry, to support the design and development of new aerospace technologies, with particular focus on zero carbon technologies, that are most likely to grow the UK’s share in the global market. We are also investing £3 million in 2021/22 through the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure competition to accelerate R&D into infrastructure requirements at airports and airfields to handle new forms of zero emission aircraft. 42.","{'text': 'We are also investing £3 million in 2021/22 through the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure competition', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2141,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are also investing £3 million in 2021/22 through the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure competition to accelerate R&D into infrastructure requirements at airports and airfields to handle new forms of zero emission aircraft. 42. We will accelerate the commercialisation of UK sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Our ambition is to enable delivery of 10% SAF by 2030 and we will be supporting UK industry with a £180 million funding to support the development of SAF plants. This builds on our recently launched £15 million Green Fuels, Green Skies competition. We will also establish a SAF clearing house, the first of its kind announced in Europe, to enable the UK to certify new fuels. 43. We are currently reviewing the responses to the SAF mandate consultation.","{'text': 'We are also investing £3 million in 2021/22 through the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure competition', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2142,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bike and inland waterways. This will be supported by a package of policies including: • Investing in the capacity and capability of the rail network for freight, including infill electrification schemes; • The Mode Shift Revenue Support and Waterborne Freight Grant Schemes; • Introducing a rail freight growth target; and • ‘Last mile’ measures to support more sustainable freight in urban areas. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back GreenerDelivering decarbonisation through places 46. We will support transport decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. We will deliver this through existing funding streams where decarbonisation sits alongside other core government objectives. 47.","{'text': 'We will support transport decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2143,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy51. We are investing £3 million in 2021 to establish the UK’s first multi-modal hydrogen transport hub in Tees Valley. The funding is kick-starting activity across the region, supporting collaborative R&D pilot projects and pop-up trials that demonstrate hydrogen technology solutions across transport modes and forge new industry and academic partnerships. Future transport – more choice, better efficiency 52. We will take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030. Increasing car occupancy from 1.55 to 1.7 could save nearly 3 Mt of carbon a year by 2030.","{'text': 'We are investing £3 million in 2021 to establish the UK’s first multi-modal hydrogen transport hub in Tees Valley.', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2144,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovoltaïques à vocation régionale d’une puissance cumulée de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une première phase (Kaya 1 et Koupéla 2). Projet de déploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des ménages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d’une centrale thermique à biomasse- déchets de 10 MW à Ouagadougou.v Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui à la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante "" Mise en place d un système de renouvellement pérenne du parc"". Projet de réalisation de l’interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.","{'text': 'Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya.', 'answer_start': 107}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2145,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovoltaïques à vocation régionale d’une puissance cumulée de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une première phase (Kaya 1 et Koupéla 2). Projet de déploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des ménages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d’une centrale thermique à biomasse- déchets de 10 MW à Ouagadougou.v Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui à la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante "" Mise en place d un système de renouvellement pérenne du parc"". Projet de réalisation de l’interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.","{'text': 'Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.', 'answer_start': 117}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2146,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante. Déchets Conditionnel Projet de récupération du méthane à partir du traitement des eaux usées de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de récupération du méthane issu de l enfouissement des déchets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Projet de construction et d’extension des stations de traitement des eaux usées.","{'text': 'Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2147,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante. Déchets Conditionnel Projet de récupération du méthane à partir du traitement des eaux usées de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de récupération du méthane issu de l enfouissement des déchets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Projet de construction et d’extension des stations de traitement des eaux usées.","{'text': 'Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante.', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2148,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"PROJETS DE LA CDN Zones d’interventions par zone agro écologique (ZAE) COUTS (Mds de FCFA) COUTS (Mds $ US ) AGRICULTURE, ELEVAGE, PECHE 904,6 1,8092 Projet 1 : promotion et développement d’une agriculture intelligente et résiliente face aux effets des CC prenant en compte la chaine de valeur agricole Toutes les ZAEs 537,1 1,0742 Projet 2 : Réduction de la vulnérabilité de l’élevage aux effets des changements climatiques ZAE sahélienne, hautes savanes et hauts plateaux Projet 3 : Réduction des effets des changements climatiques sur le secteur halieutique (Littoral, Nord et Extrême-Nord) Toutes les ZAEs 142,5 0,285 ÉNERGIE/INDUSTRIE ET DECHETS 2567.5 5,135 Projet 4 : Diversification de l’offre énergétique et renforcement de l’efficacité énergétique en contexte de changement climatique Toutes les ZAEs 2152,5 4,305 Projet 5 : Gestion intégrée et valorisation des déchets puis promotion des initiatives d’économie circulaire Toutes les ZAEs 150 0,3 Projet 6 : Promotion des technologies à bas carbone dans les procédés industriels et les activités touristiques et artisanales. Toutes les ZAEs 265 0,53 INFRASTRUCTURES & ASSAINISSEMENT 3487,7 6,9754 Projet 7 : Construire des infrastructures résilientes au climat et renforcer la résilience des systèmes et des corridors de transport nationaux et régionaux.","{'text': 'Construire des infrastructures résilientes au climat et renforcer la résilience des systèmes et des corridors de transport nationaux et régionaux.', 'answer_start': 176}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2149,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"Toutes les ZAEs 265 0,53 INFRASTRUCTURES & ASSAINISSEMENT 3487,7 6,9754 Projet 7 : Construire des infrastructures résilientes au climat et renforcer la résilience des systèmes et des corridors de transport nationaux et régionaux. Toutes les ZAEs 3187,7 6,3754 Projet 8 : Gestion intégrée des ressources en eau et élaboration des systèmes d’assainissement résilients au changement climatique Toutes les ZAEs 300 0,6 Projet 9 : Réduction des atteintes à la forêt ZAEs forestière, côtière et hautes savanes Projet 10 : Promotion du reboisement et de la restauration des paysages forestiers dégradés Toutes les ZAEs 415 0,83République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE / GESTION DES RISQUES 774 1,548 Projet 11 : Mise à niveau les systèmes nationaux de collecte de données hydro météorologiques, d’analyse, de prévision, d information, d’alerte précoce, et renforcement des capacités Toutes les ZAEs 300 0,6 Projet 12 : Elaboration des plans ORSEC dans toutes les régions et opérationnalisation des fonds d’urgence en cas de catastrophe.","{'text': 'Construire des infrastructures résilientes au climat et renforcer la résilience des systèmes et des corridors de transport nationaux et régionaux.', 'answer_start': 13}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2150,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"f. Moyens de mise en œuvre Estimations des coûts et hypothèses utilisées (un plan d’investissement détaillé sera réalisé en 2021) Actions Coûts Source et hypothèses Energie Mettre en service les barrages de Souapiti, Amaria et Koukoutamba pour une 2 177 millions USD Ministère de l’hydrauliquepuissance installée de 1050 MW avant Mettre en service au moins 2500 MW supplémentaires d’ENRs à l’horizon 2030 garantissant un accès universel à l’électricité 6 à 10 Mds USD Le coût du mix électrique varie selon les technologies de production (solaire, hydro, biomasse, éolien) et leurs échelles (kits solaires et autres pico- solutions, plateformes, mini réseaux, grandes centrales). Source : d’après IRENA Transports Développement du transport de personnes et marchandises par rail : au moins 650 km de voie ferrée Simandou - Matakang Financement privé Le développement minier de Simandou permet au “transguinéen” de voir le jour Coût mise en œuvre Plan de déplacement urbain de Conakry 496 millions USD d’ici PDU Conakry Déchets Coût d’investissement du projet de collecte et de valorisation des déchets à Conakry Environ 95 millions USD Coût de la gestion annuelle de la filière déchets 11 à 17 millions USD / an (entre 90 et 140 USD/tonne) UTCAFT Promotion et diffusion des technologies efficaces de carbonisation: au moins 5000 unités de production Entre 8 à 20 millions USD Nécessite du transfert Sud-Sud de technologies de carbonisation plus avancées pour compléter la meule casamançaise Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de filières locales permettant la diffusion de foyers améliorés domestiques auprès de 50% des ménages guinéens en 2030 Au moins 10 millions USD Les opérateurs internationaux spécialisés dans les foyers améliorés s’intéressent à accompagner la Guinée dans un changement d’échelle Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de filières locales pour la diffusion de technologies économes en bois de feu ou renouvelables dans les secteurs les plus énergivores (conservation des pêches, autres processus post récolte et micro-industriels: riz, huile de palme, sel, briques, chaux, pain, etc.","{'text': 'Coût mise en œuvre Plan de déplacement urbain de Conakry', 'answer_start': 141}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2151,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"Source : d’après IRENA Transports Développement du transport de personnes et marchandises par rail : au moins 650 km de voie ferrée Simandou - Matakang Financement privé Le développement minier de Simandou permet au “transguinéen” de voir le jour Coût mise en œuvre Plan de déplacement urbain de Conakry 496 millions USD d’ici PDU Conakry Déchets Coût d’investissement du projet de collecte et de valorisation des déchets à Conakry Environ 95 millions USD Coût de la gestion annuelle de la filière déchets 11 à 17 millions USD / an (entre 90 et 140 USD/tonne) UTCAFT Promotion et diffusion des technologies efficaces de carbonisation: au moins 5000 unités de production Entre 8 à 20 millions USD Nécessite du transfert Sud-Sud de technologies de carbonisation plus avancées pour compléter la meule casamançaise Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de filières locales permettant la diffusion de foyers améliorés domestiques auprès de 50% des ménages guinéens en 2030 Au moins 10 millions USD Les opérateurs internationaux spécialisés dans les foyers améliorés s’intéressent à accompagner la Guinée dans un changement d’échelle Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de filières locales pour la diffusion de technologies économes en bois de feu ou renouvelables dans les secteurs les plus énergivores (conservation des pêches, autres processus post récolte et micro-industriels: riz, huile de palme, sel, briques, chaux, pain, etc. ; restauration collective) 1-5 millions USD par filière Les opérateurs internationaux spécialisés dans les foyers améliorés s’intéressent à accompagner la Guinée dans un changement d’échelle Source : estimation des auteursEncouragement des plantations énergie à finalités domestiques et commerciales 20 millions USD (sur Les cultures et sylviculture énergétiques entrent dans les priorités du ministère de l’agriculture Appui à l’émergence de filières locales de biocombustibles renouvelables (briquettes, bûchettes, pellets, agrodéchets, éthanol, solaire thermique, etc.)","{'text': 'Coût mise en œuvre Plan de déplacement urbain de Conakry', 'answer_start': 39}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2152,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.    Blending biodiesel with diesel as a transportation fuel Commercial production of biodiesel fuel reaching 55 million litres and resulting in reduced GHG emissions from diesel consumption in road transport. MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, MOA, DADOs, private sector million uc: US$ 141m c: US$ 16m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.","{'text': 'Blending biodiesel with diesel as a transportation fuel Commercial production of biodiesel fuel reaching 55 million litres and resulting in reduced GHG emissions from diesel consumption in road transport', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2153,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Applying safety and build better and smarter principles including granular protection, beam and base under pinning factor to design assumptions b. Revision of existing building standards to incorporate climate change considerations. Integrate flood risk management in the design and construction of public and private infrastructure: Passive cooling measures, Mini-piled underpinning, including pile and beam, cantilever pile caps and piled rafts; Raising roads, road re-alignment, pavements and adding additional drainage capacity; Realigning natural water courses etc. c. Conducting slope stability studies in an attempt to minimize incidents of landslides as a result of increased precipitation and d. Construction of offshore breakwaters, groins to protect shorelines from coastal erosion. 6.4.6 Healthy and protected people To promote public health and social protection in the face of climate change, the proposed adaptation actions and measures include: 1.","{'text': 'Revision of existing building standards to incorporate climate change considerations. Integrate flood risk management in the design and construction of public and private infrastructure: Passive cooling measures, Mini-piled underpinning, including pile and beam, cantilever pile caps and piled rafts; Raising roads, road re-alignment, pavements and adding additional drainage capacity; Realigning natural water courses etc.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2154,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"Para hacer frente a la adaptación al cambio climático, el país requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptación prioritarias, tales como: z Modernización de los servicios hidrometereológicos del país, que permitan mantener pronósti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernización en sistemas de observación, asimilación y pronósticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- gías, así como la formación de recursos humanos calificados. En el año 2021 se hará efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnológico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pacífico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital.","{'text': 'Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pacífico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital.', 'answer_start': 85}",es-ES,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2155,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"As these actions deliver substantial reductions in GHG emissions, they also feature in Section 6, which provides details of Palestine’s mitigation contribution by sector. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2156,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Adaptation needs Waste management operations are sensitive to extreme weather conditions, and impacts on the waste sector affect local communities in the following ways: a. Biological activities within treatment systems (such as for leachate management) are directly affected by high temperatures and storms.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2157,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2158,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2159,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2160,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2161,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2162,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2163,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"As these actions deliver substantial reductions in GHG emissions, they also feature in Section 6, which provides details of Palestine’s mitigation contribution by sector. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2164,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Adaptation needs Waste management operations are sensitive to extreme weather conditions, and impacts on the waste sector affect local communities in the following ways: a. Biological activities within treatment systems (such as for leachate management) are directly affected by high temperatures and storms.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2165,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2166,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2167,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. Transport: Reducing emissions in the road transport sector • Plug-in electric-hybrid-vehicles • Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles • Control the technical condition of vehicles and periodic maintenance to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. • Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. • Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. • Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2168,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2169,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Health Improve the capacity for disease prevention by training 300 health professionals in disease prevention by 2025. ✓ At least a 30% increase in the awareness of people, particularly women, by 2030 about measures that they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation and food. ✓ By 2030, the capacity of the Ministry of Health to monitor the safety of water, food and sanitation increases by at least 50% from the situation in 2020. ✓ Transport Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. ✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2170,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.","{'text': 'Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2171,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2172,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2173,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Scrap 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030, and all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conduct statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040.Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040.","{'text': '20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2174,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions To reduce the sector’s GHG emissions, two NDC implementation action plans have been developed on: (1) Reducing emissions in the road transport sector, and (2) Promoting sustainable road usage. Conditional NDC actions a. Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.","{'text': 'The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2175,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Reducing the emissions of the passenger vehicle fleet by 8% by 2030, and 24% by 2040 b. Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than c. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040 d. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% e. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040. The transport sector’s achievement of progress to date and cumulative mitigation contribution to 2040 are included in the mitigation chapter of the First BUR.Waste and wastewater sector Mitigation needs In Palestine, GHG emissions in the waste sector mainly originate from wastewater handling and solid waste disposal on land.","{'text': 'The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030 and 40% by 2040.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2176,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI, MARDE, EEA Promote efficient energy use and promote high energy efficient products. Energy intensity reduced by 10%; 2% of energy efficiency assured every year. MEI, EEA Improve sustainability and climate protection of energy transmission and distribution infrastructure. Inspection and rehabilitation of the existing network; Operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions ensured. Increase training of additional reserve maintenance teams and ensure viability of their full repair kits and other equipment. Training provided to maintenance teams. MEI 0.035 Promote water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources. Interaction water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources implemented. Transport Sector Review and amend sectoral policy documents (strategies, plans, programs) to address climate change risks and identify highly vulnerable assets. Policy reviewed; vulnerable assets identified. MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change.","{'text': 'Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change.', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2177,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': 'Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2178,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': 'Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods.', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2179,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': 'Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2180,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': 'Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks).', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2181,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"MEI 0.035 Ensure the design of road infrastructure taking into account the need to adapt to climate change. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.105 Ensure the sustainability of transport infrastructure through the use of materials resistant to temperature fluctuations, floods. Regulations, standards approved. MEI 0.35 Develop process and mandate for channeling funds from the Road Fund towards sector-based climate change risk research, impact assessment, capacity building, planning. Process and mandate developed. MEI 0.04 Increase climate resistance of the transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks). Climate resilient transport infrastructure re- constructed/ constructed. Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects. km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed.","{'text': 'Access of rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender aspects', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2182,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"km of climate-resilient road in rural area developed. MEI 70.00 Ensure planning of urban transportation system in view of creating the needed infrastructure to promote alternative transportation such as cycling. Infrastructure created for cyclists in urban area. MEI 14.00 Cross-cutting Improve resilience of Moldovan communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved surface water management. Small-scale water storage constructed; irrigation options improved; water efficiency and agricultural productivity increased; energy costs reduced; awareness of climate resilience issues among users of water services; water security increased; high value agricultural developed. MARDE, Private sectorIdentified need Indicators Responsible Lead Agency Estimated Resources Required (mil. US $) Ecosystem Approaches in Disaster Risk Management (EA DRR). Disaster risk assessment for three zones: Dniester National Park, Lapusna river basin and Biosphere Reserve ""Prutul de Jos"" effectuated; Measures/options to mitigate and reduce these risks identified and integrated in the local development documents.","{'text': 'Ensure planning of urban transportation system in view of creating the needed infrastructure to promote alternative transportation such as cycling.', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2183,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2184,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2185,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2186,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 431}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2187,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 414}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2188,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 189}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2189,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 177}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2190,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"This will enable prevention of defects, better process control and quicker response times in manufacturing using advanced data analysis and predictive technologies Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Energy Regulatory Commission • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 15.7 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 18.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: • Promotion of ISO 50001 standards completed • Training on implementation of energy management in industry organized • Certificates for energy auditors issued • USAID project for energy management in industry realized in 17 companies • UNIDO/GEF Project in which one of the activities is Program for energy management in industrial companies according to ISO 50001 standard and the UNIDO Methodology. Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies • Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) • Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 267}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2191,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies • Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) • Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries. This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Energy Regulatory Commission • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies • Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR.","{'text': 'Introduction of efficient electric motors', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2192,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2193,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2194,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2195,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3).","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2196,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3). Having in mind that most of the emissions are coming from the Energy sector, the reduction of 72% in the total net GHG emissions can be achieved if the emissions in the Energy sector are reduced by 64% in 2050, compared to 1990 level.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2197,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Because the mix of fuels used in Industry in the WEM scenario is similar throughout the planning period, emissions increase accordingly at a similar rate, reaching 2.8 Tg CO2-eq in 2050. On the other hand, the higher price of the CO2 tax in the WAM scenario contributes to the change of the fuel mix, primarily for the decommissioning of coal, which at the same time contributes to the introduction of more advanced technologies (using mainly natural gas, biomass and electricity) which together with the industrial energy management measures and the introduction of more efficient electric motors contribute to a 25% reduction in energy consumption in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2198,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"On the other hand, the higher price of the CO2 tax in the WAM scenario contributes to the change of the fuel mix, primarily for the decommissioning of coal, which at the same time contributes to the introduction of more advanced technologies (using mainly natural gas, biomass and electricity) which together with the industrial energy management measures and the introduction of more efficient electric motors contribute to a 25% reduction in energy consumption in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050. At the same time, the change in the fuel mix leads to a drastic reduction in GHG emissions of about 60% in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2199,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"In the WAM scenario, the total emissions are estimated to drop by 46% in 2050 compared to 2017, or by 54% compared to the WEM scenario. The decommissioning of the lignite power plants due to the high carbon price and their replacement with RES will result in a 93% reduction of emissions from the electricity and heat production sector. Although the emissions from the industry sector are estimated to rise over the analysed period (for 26%), their level is lower compared to the WEM scenario. On the other hand, the emissions from the transport sector are estimated to slightly reduce as a result of the introduction of more advanced technologies using less carbon-intensive fuels. Figure 19.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2200,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"On the other hand, the emissions from the transport sector are estimated to slightly reduce as a result of the introduction of more advanced technologies using less carbon-intensive fuels. Figure 19. GHG emissions development by sector including MEMO items (import + aviation) If the Memo items are not included in the total GHG emissions, the emissions in the WEM scenario are estimated to increase by 26%, while in the WAM scenario to decrease by 53% (Figure 20). Therefore, in 2050 the emissions in the WAM scenario are estimated to be 3.5 Mt, which is 63% lower compared to the WEM scenario (9.5 Mt). WAM WEM Mt Agriculture Electricity and Heat Production Fugitive emissions Industry Memo item - electricity import Memo item - international aviation Commercial Residential TransportLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Figure 20.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2201,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 443}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2202,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 426}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2203,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2204,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2205,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Energy Regulatory Commission • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies • Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 216}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2206,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits. In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 • Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 • Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 • Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 • Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) • Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) • Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M€ Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR.","{'text': 'Introduction of more advanced technologies', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2207,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2208,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2209,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2210,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 457}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2211,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 440}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2212,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 242}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2213,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 230}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2214,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 • Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 • Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 • Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 • Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) • Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) • Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M€ Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measure Assumptions/ General comments: The share of more advanced technologies by 2040 is 60% from all technologies A-M-27: Increased use of the railway Main objective: Improve the energy efficiency in the transport sector using cheap and efficient railway transport Description: Although the rail transport is cheap, official statistical data show that in the last three years there is a downward trend.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 273}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2215,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measure Assumptions/ General comments: The share of more advanced technologies by 2040 is 60% from all technologies A-M-27: Increased use of the railway Main objective: Improve the energy efficiency in the transport sector using cheap and efficient railway transport Description: Although the rail transport is cheap, official statistical data show that in the last three years there is a downward trend. Using this mode of transport as one of the most efficient can also improve the competitiveness of the companies. Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it.","{'text': 'Increased use of the railway', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2216,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 150}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2217,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2218,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2219,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 466}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2220,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 449}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2221,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 270}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2222,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 258}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2223,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Some of these have already been received and put into use • Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.) carried out • Implement promotional campaigns for raising public awareness • Continuing the campaigns for cheaper/free driving • Enabling additional conditions for companies Finance: Budget: 180.6 M€ Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of the passenger kilometres of cars, 1% of passenger kilometres of busses and 6.6% of tonnes kilometres of heavy-duty vehicles will be realized by railway transport A-M-28: Renewing of the national car fleet Main objective: Use of more advanced technologies in order to slow down the growing energy consumption in the transport sector, which is complex and with limited capabilities of energy use reduction Description: The measures recommended in the Study on the transport sector analysis of policies and measures should be implemented: Reduction of VAT from 18% to 5% for hybrid and electric vehicles; Direct subsidizing of hybrid vehicles, Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled.","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2224,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"carried out • Implement promotional campaigns for raising public awareness • Continuing the campaigns for cheaper/free driving • Enabling additional conditions for companies Finance: Budget: 180.6 M€ Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of the passenger kilometres of cars, 1% of passenger kilometres of busses and 6.6% of tonnes kilometres of heavy-duty vehicles will be realized by railway transport A-M-28: Renewing of the national car fleet Main objective: Use of more advanced technologies in order to slow down the growing energy consumption in the transport sector, which is complex and with limited capabilities of energy use reduction Description: The measures recommended in the Study on the transport sector analysis of policies and measures should be implemented: Reduction of VAT from 18% to 5% for hybrid and electric vehicles; Direct subsidizing of hybrid vehicles, Excise duties of diesel fuel and petrol need to be gradually equalled. Obligations of public institutions to purchase vehicles with low CO2 emissions (up to 90 gCO2/km by 2020 and 50 gCO2/km by 2025).","{'text': 'Renewing of the national car fleet', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2225,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 156}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2226,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2227,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2228,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 482}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2229,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 465}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2230,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2231,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2232,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"In addition, advanced technologies such as diesel and gasoline HEV will be used with a share of 35% in the total passenger km from cars by 2040. A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted • Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M€ Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2233,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted • Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M€ Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area. People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Local self-government • End-users Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented • Systems for bicycles renting implemented • Bicycles tracks constructed • Zonal parking implemented • New multi-level car parks constructed • Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles • Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 • Tender for the second phase is announced • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 • Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M€ (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the “Study on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures” should be implemented: • Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 • Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted • Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles • Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid.","{'text': 'Renewing of other national road fleet', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2234,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 169}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2235,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2236,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2237,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 512}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2238,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 495}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2239,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 214}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2240,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 202}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2241,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 178}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2242,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 155}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2243,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 155}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2244,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3).","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 181}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2245,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3). Having in mind that most of the emissions are coming from the Energy sector, the reduction of 72% in the total net GHG emissions can be achieved if the emissions in the Energy sector are reduced by 64% in 2050, compared to 1990 level.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 134}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2246,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"• Regarding the RES utilization, the production of the hydropower plant will increase at the same level as in the WEM scenario, and the introduction of the PV and wind power plants in the system will be more intensified. Their share in the total electricity generation will increase from 15%, 0.4%, and 2% in 2017 to 40%, 28%, and 18% in 2050 for hydro, PV, and wind power plants, respectively. The system flexibility in this case has to be ensured in order to balance the electricity produced by PV and wind power plants, mainly by the construction of (pump storage) hydro-power plants, biomass and biogas power plants, and implementation of demand response and electrification of the transport sector.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2247,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The system flexibility in this case has to be ensured in order to balance the electricity produced by PV and wind power plants, mainly by the construction of (pump storage) hydro-power plants, biomass and biogas power plants, and implementation of demand response and electrification of the transport sector. • In general, a decreasing trend of net import can be observed, i.e. from 2.2 TWh in 2017 to 0.8 TWh in 2050. After 2030, the net import of electricity is slightly higher compared to the WEM scenario, to satisfy the remaining part of the electricity consumption that could not be covered by the installed power generation capacities in the WAM scenario.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2248,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 532}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2249,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 515}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2250,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e. the measure for electrification of the transport, followed by the measures for renewing of national car fleet and other national road fleet (Figure 48). Significant investments are also needed in the measures for renovation and construction of new buildings in the households and the commercial sector. Large hydropower plants and the RES without incentives are the measures with the highest investment costs from the electricity generation measures.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Figure 48. Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2251,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2252,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2253,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted • Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M€ Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area. People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Local self-government • End-users Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented • Systems for bicycles renting implemented • Bicycles tracks constructed • Zonal parking implemented • New multi-level car parks constructed • Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles • Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 • Tender for the second phase is announced • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 • Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M€ (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the “Study on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures” should be implemented: • Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 • Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted • Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles • Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 879}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2254,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Local self-government • End-users Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented • Systems for bicycles renting implemented • Bicycles tracks constructed • Zonal parking implemented • New multi-level car parks constructed • Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles • Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 • Tender for the second phase is announced • First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 • Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M€ (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the “Study on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures” should be implemented: • Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 • Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on vehicles • Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje • Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) • Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted • Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles • Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid. • Money from the budget should be allocated for the realization of the Program for subsidizing new vehicles Finance: Budget: 5058.5 M€ Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that by 2040 the share of electric vehicles and “plug-in” hybrid electric vehicles in the total passenger km from cars will be 45% A-M-33: Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Main objective: Decrease level of CH4 emission from enteric fermentation in highly productive dairy cows Description: By modification of the feed composition and nutrition practice in dairy cows, the emission of CH4 due to enteric fermentation can be reduced by 20%.","{'text': 'Electrification of the transport', 'answer_start': 549}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2255,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response)', 'answer_start': 304}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2256,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response)', 'answer_start': 282}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2257,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity development', 'answer_start': 326}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2258,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity development', 'answer_start': 304}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2259,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4. Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands.","{'text': 'Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2260,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.","{'text': 'Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2261,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Energy ● National Renewable Energy policy developed in 2016 and updated 2020 r ● Energy Efficiency policy developed in 2016 ● National clean cooking strategy and action plan developed in 2020 Enhancement of waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions under the category to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce global warming. Waste ● Municipal solid waste collection enhanced through various youth-led schemes ● Funding secured for the establishment of a landfill site in the capital Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.","{'text': 'Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2262,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Waste ● Municipal solid waste collection enhanced through various youth-led schemes ● Funding secured for the establishment of a landfill site in the capital Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy. Transport ● An Integrated and Resilient Urban Mobility Project is being implemented to mainstream climate change into various infrastructural development initiativesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield AFOLU ● 8,500ha of forest trees planted by Miro Forestry ● The President recently launched the 5 million tree initiative to be completed in the next 4years (1.1 million trees already planted) ● Developed and implemented the Voluntary Guideline on the responsible governance of tenure of land fisheries and forest in the context of national food security Based on the analysis above, the following gaps have been identified: ● Most of the strategies lacked concrete actions and targets, linked partly to a lack of institutional capacity.","{'text': 'Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2263,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Increase Energy efficiency and access through the dissemination of clean energy technologies Promote the mainstreaming of climate actions into processes within industries 2,7,8 Improve and maintain Sierra Leone’s forests as a major carbon sink. Enhance integrated waste management system in the country Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy. Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Management of rangelands and pastures by managing grazing systems and grazing intensity, fire management and pasture rehabilitation. Integrated management of crops and Livestock management. Strategy Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health Sector.","{'text': 'Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2264,ZAF,South Africa,1st NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa.pdf,"Resources for the Fund will have to be increased in future to enable and support the scaling up of viable and successful initiatives, including contributions from domestic, private sector and international sources. Analysis of the incremental costs of mitigation actions indicates that significant finance and investment will be required in the long-term. The following estimates are of total incremental costs required: 1. Estimated incremental cost to expand REI4P in next ten years: US$3 billion per year. 2. Decarbonised electricity by 2050 - estimated total of US$349 billion from 2010. 3. CCS: 23 Mt CO2 from the coal-to-liquid plant - US$0.45 billion. 4. Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5.","{'text': 'Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2265,ZAF,South Africa,1st NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa.pdf,Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5. Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion These costs are derived from energy systems and economic modelling. Further work is needed to prepare detailed business plans for finance and investment in mitigation. These numbers are presented for information to clarify the order of magnitude of mitigation finance and investment requirements.Some technologies that could help South Africa to further reduce emissions that have been identified include: Energy efficient lighting; variable speed drives and efficient motors; energy efficient appliances; solar water heaters; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; solar PV; wind power; carbon capture and sequestration; and advanced bio-energy.,"{'text': 'Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2266,ZAF,South Africa,1st NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa.pdf,Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5. Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion These costs are derived from energy systems and economic modelling. Further work is needed to prepare detailed business plans for finance and investment in mitigation. These numbers are presented for information to clarify the order of magnitude of mitigation finance and investment requirements.Some technologies that could help South Africa to further reduce emissions that have been identified include: Energy efficient lighting; variable speed drives and efficient motors; energy efficient appliances; solar water heaters; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; solar PV; wind power; carbon capture and sequestration; and advanced bio-energy.,"{'text': 'Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2267,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The financial requirements for existing mitigation actions are based on inputs provided by the Government of South Sudan. The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements.","{'text': 'Establish emissions standards for vehicles', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2268,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation – 10 Conserve forests through implementation of REDD+ programme and promote alternate livelihoods – Reforestation (in degraded areas and outside forest areas) – 9 Data provided by the Government of South SudanNDC financing requirements 155 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Forestry Awareness raising and capacity- building on forest conservation and REDD+ – Review Forest Policy – Conduct forestry research (identification and development of fast-growing tree species, information dissemination) – Promote agroforestry – 8 Biodiversity, ecosystem and wetland management Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands for improved carbon sequestration Wetland survey and mapping 10 Create buffer zones along wetland areas Financing for additional mitigation strategies (estimated using marginal abatement cost curves) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries Efficient soil and livestock management 18% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2017 levels Waste Landfill gas recovery, composting of organic waste and engineered wastewater management 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Tourism and recreation Composting of organic waste, promotion of sustainable food and EVs in the sector 66% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Marginal abatement cost curves showcase the marginal costs of achieving a cumulative level of emission abatement in order, from least to most expensive mitigation technology or measures (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).","{'text': 'Establish emissions standards for vehicles', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2269,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The financial requirements for existing mitigation actions are based on inputs provided by the Government of South Sudan. The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements.","{'text': 'Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars)', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2270,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation – 10 Conserve forests through implementation of REDD+ programme and promote alternate livelihoods – Reforestation (in degraded areas and outside forest areas) – 9 Data provided by the Government of South SudanNDC financing requirements 155 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Forestry Awareness raising and capacity- building on forest conservation and REDD+ – Review Forest Policy – Conduct forestry research (identification and development of fast-growing tree species, information dissemination) – Promote agroforestry – 8 Biodiversity, ecosystem and wetland management Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands for improved carbon sequestration Wetland survey and mapping 10 Create buffer zones along wetland areas Financing for additional mitigation strategies (estimated using marginal abatement cost curves) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries Efficient soil and livestock management 18% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2017 levels Waste Landfill gas recovery, composting of organic waste and engineered wastewater management 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Tourism and recreation Composting of organic waste, promotion of sustainable food and EVs in the sector 66% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Marginal abatement cost curves showcase the marginal costs of achieving a cumulative level of emission abatement in order, from least to most expensive mitigation technology or measures (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).","{'text': 'Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars)', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2271,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Par ailleurs des mesures identifiées contribueront à la mise en œuvre des cadres visant à renforcer l’adaptation au niveau national et international. Au niveau national, les différentes mesures d’adaptation, contribueront essentiellement à l’opérationnalisation du Plan national de développement. Elles s’inscrivent également dans la dynamique de la feuille de route 2025 du Gouvernement et contribueront prioritairement au projet 35 (réponse aux principaux risques climatiques) et au projet 36 (programme de mobilité verte).","{'text': 'Programme de mobilité verte', 'answer_start': 68}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2272,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Elles s’inscrivent également dans la dynamique de la feuille de route 2025 du Gouvernement et contribueront prioritairement au projet 35 (réponse aux principaux risques climatiques) et au projet 36 (programme de mobilité verte). Elles ciblent également dans cette feuille de route les projets 2 et 3 (mise en place du registre social unique, mise en place de la couverture santé universelle), le projet 5 (poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous), le projet 6 (augmentation de l’accès à l’eau potable et à l’assainissement), les projets 12, 13, 14 et 15 (amélioration des rendements agricoles, extension du réseau routier rural, accélération du MIFA, agrandissement de l’agropole de Kara en partenariat avec le privé).","{'text': 'Programme de mobilité verte', 'answer_start': 30}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2273,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Coûts d’investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN révisées Coûts d’investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Coût d’investissem ent Total % Coûts % Coûts Coût de mise en œuvre Programme de mobilité verte Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est évalué engendrer une réduction d’émissions cumulées de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la période 2020-2030 par rapport à un scénario « business as usual » à travers les projets déclinés en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur résidentiel Les lieux de résidence et de commerce contribuent aux émissions des GES à cause du niveau de consommation d’énergie.","{'text': 'Programme de mobilité verte', 'answer_start': 62}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2274,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Coûts d’investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN révisées Coûts d’investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Coût d’investissem ent Total % Coûts % Coûts Coût de mise en œuvre Programme de mobilité verte Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est évalué engendrer une réduction d’émissions cumulées de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la période 2020-2030 par rapport à un scénario « business as usual » à travers les projets déclinés en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur résidentiel Les lieux de résidence et de commerce contribuent aux émissions des GES à cause du niveau de consommation d’énergie.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 66}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2275,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"¯ Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d’eau potable, 2) réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 111}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2276,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d’inflation et de coût de mise en œuvre, ce montant sera majoré de 15% du capital.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2277,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Accelerate the uptake of low emission taxis and buses by: • Providing £50 million for the Plug-in Taxi programme, which gives taxi drivers up to £7,500 off the purchase price of a new ULEV taxi, alongside £14 million to support 10 local areas to deliver dedicated charge points for taxis • Providing £100 million for a national programme of support for retrofitting and new low emission buses in England and Wales 26. Work with industry as they develop an Automotive Sector Deal to accelerate the transition to zero emission vehicles 27. Announce plans for the public sector to lead the way in transitioning to zero emissions vehicles 28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29.","{'text': '28. Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2278,GBR,United Kingdom,Archived LTS,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/clean-growth-strategy-amended-april-2018.pdf,"Invest £1.2 billion to make cycling and walking the natural choice for shorter journeys 29. Work to enable cost-effective options for shifting more freight from road to rail, including using low emission rail freight for deliveries into urban areas, with zero emission last mile deliveries 30. Position the UK at the forefront of research, development and demonstration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technologies, including through the establishment of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and investment of over £250 million, matched by industryThe Clean Growth Strategy 31.","{'text': '30. Position the UK at the forefront of research, development and demonstration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technologies, including through the establishment of the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and investment of over £250 million, matched by industry', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2279,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.","{'text': 'By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.', 'answer_start': 135}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2280,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles. Commercial, Institutional and Residential access by households in off- grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off- grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end- use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. These three energy sub- sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg e from energy sector compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector’s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario. Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use. M8 By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building).","{'text': 'By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2281,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2282,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2283,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"The Government was also aware that waste management required further attention. Vanuatu Enhanced NDC (Mitigation) Type Activity-based mitigation targets, sectoral and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sub-sectors. The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste. Timeframe From 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2030. Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2284,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2285,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,M_Project,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"Draft.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 Table 5: Summary of mitigation measures from the energy sector # Mitigation Measure Reference document % GHG reduction baseline Absolute reduction baseline tonnes) Estimated cost (Million Reduced Transmission and Distribution National Development Strategy 2 Expansion of Solar: 300 MW in 2025 System Development Expansion of microgrids: Additional of 2.098 MW of capacity added through microgrids by 2028 Rural Energy Masterplan 4 4.1 MW biogas capacity added in 2024 ZERA annual report Energy Efficiency Improvements: Agriculture: 12% savings (2030 compared to baseline scenario); Commercial: 16% savings; Domestic: 22.08% savings; Manufacturing: 18.63% savings; Mining: 8% savings ZERA energy efficiency audit Biofuels Policy, Transport fuel economy policy / Fuel efficiency improvement 2025-2030: Motorcycles: 2.2% per year; LDVs: 2.9%/ year; Buses: 2.6%/year; HDVs: 2.5%/year Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030 The success in the implementation of the mitigation measures in the energy sector will largely depend on overcoming a number of barriers.","{'text': 'Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
2286,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Aware that Cabo Verde needs support to meet these ambitious mitigation targets, the country seeks to join regional and international initiatives promoting low-carbon maritime transport, starting along the North-West African routes. Cabo Verde’s contributions in this sector for 2030 are as follows: MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION #3: LOWERING THE CARBON INTENSITY OF MOBILITY Cabo Verde undertakes to electrify at least 25% of its land-borne transport fleet (new vehicles) by 2030 by resorting to RE sources. Conditional on adequate international support, the shares per vehicle category could increase to 50% in favor of public, collective high-passenger load vehicles. Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport.","{'text': 'electrify at least 25% of its land-borne transport fleet (new vehicles) by 2030 by resorting to RE sources', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2287,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"En 2050, entre el 70 % y 90 % de los hogares reporta llevar a cabo actividades para tener una vivienda más sostenible. 4. Promoción de una movilidad sostenible a. Promover alternativas de movilidad sostenible (transporte público, bicicleta, ve- hículos eléctricos) así como asegurar la infrae- structura necesaria para que los ciudadanos puedan adoptar una movilidad sostenible (transporte público eficiente, ciclorutas, esta- ciones de carga eléctrica para vehículos). En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la población de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5.","{'text': 'En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la población de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio', 'answer_start': 68}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2288,COL,Colombia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la población de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5. Promoción de hábitos de consumo sostenibles a. Desarrollar programas de información y sensibilización para consumidores sobre crite- rios de sostenibilidad en el consumo de bienes y servicios y su importancia, así como las op- ciones en los hábitos de consumo (bienes com- partidos, consumir lo necesario y criterios en línea con la economía circular, entre otros). En 2050, el número de colombianos que reporta tener en cuenta criterios de sostenibilidad al momento de consumir ha aumentado entre el 40 % y 60 % respecto a línea base de 2020. 6.","{'text': 'En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la población de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2289,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren Eléctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estará en operación para el año 2022. 1.4. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte público del país será cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa1.6. Para el año 2025, el país habrá adoptado estándares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilización del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte público del país será cero emisiones.', 'answer_start': 23}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2290,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8. En el año 2025 se habrá iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de logística sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidación logística del país, en consonancia con el Plan Estratégico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el año 2030, se habrá ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Carbono negro Transición justa Transición justa Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, se habrá ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual.', 'answer_start': 90}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2291,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren Eléctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estará en operación para el año 2022. 1.4. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte público del país será cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa1.6. Para el año 2025, el país habrá adoptado estándares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilización del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8.","{'text': 'Para el año 2025, el país habrá adoptado estándares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilización del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas.', 'answer_start': 78}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2292,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren Eléctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estará en operación para el año 2022. 1.4. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte público del país será cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa Carbono negro Transición justa1.6. Para el año 2025, el país habrá adoptado estándares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilización del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica.', 'answer_start': 106}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2293,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8. En el año 2025 se habrá iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de logística sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidación logística del país, en consonancia con el Plan Estratégico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el año 2030, se habrá ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Carbono negro Transición justa Transición justa Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2294,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"En el año 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de vehículos ligeros —privados e institucionales— será eléctrica. 1.8. En el año 2025 se habrá iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de logística sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidación logística del país, en consonancia con el Plan Estratégico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el año 2030, se habrá ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Carbono negro Transición justa Transición justa Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.","{'text': 'En el año 2025 se habrá iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de logística sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidación logística del país, en consonancia con el Plan Estratégico Nacional Costa Rica 2050.', 'answer_start': 20}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2295,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Carbono negro Transición justa Transición justa Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9. Al año 2030, el país habrá reducido significativamente su brecha digital y tecnológica, con particular énfasis en poblaciones social y económicamente vulnerables, mediante un modelo solidario, contemplando aspectos como conectividad a Internet, equipamiento y apropiación digital. Esto será un habilitador para cerrar las brechas sociales y económicas mediante prácticas digitales como teletrabajo, comercio electrónico y turismo virtual (que reducen la necesidad de desplazamientos), aumentando la eficiencia y el dinamismo económico nacional. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada y ordenamiento territorial Costa Rica se compromete a impulsar un ordenamiento espacial del territorio que contribuya decididamente a reducir el riesgo climático en las diferentes regiones del país, comprendiendo que los diversos territorios presentan condiciones disímiles entre sí, y que además contribuya a catalizar un desarrollo territorial basado en la descarbonización.","{'text': 'Al año 2030, el país habrá reducido significativamente su brecha digital y tecnológica, con particular énfasis en poblaciones social y económicamente vulnerables, mediante un modelo solidario, contemplando aspectos como conectividad a Internet, equipamiento y apropiación digital. Esto será un habilitador para cerrar las brechas sociales y económicas mediante prácticas digitales como teletrabajo, comercio electrónico y turismo virtual (que reducen la necesidad de desplazamientos), aumentando la eficiencia y el dinamismo económico nacional.', 'answer_start': 22}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2296,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro ENMIENDA DE kigali Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transición justa Transición justa3.5. Para el año 2022 Costa Rica habrá desarrollado una estrategia para el desarrollo y promoción del hidrógeno verde en el país. 3.6. Durante el período de implementación de esta contribución, Costa Rica impulsará que se eleve a rango de ley la moratoria de exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos en el territorio nacional. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 3.4. Para el año 2030, las medidas de sustitución tecnológica y de eficiencia energética en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducirán las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.","{'text': 'Para el año 2030, las medidas de sustitución tecnológica y de eficiencia energética en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducirán las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.', 'answer_start': 109}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2297,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Para el año 2030, las medidas de sustitución tecnológica y de eficiencia energética en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducirán las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018. Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Transición justa Transición justa Transición justa Convenio Diversidad biológica PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFROContribución Nacionalmente Determinada Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada Costa Rica está comprometida con transformar su sistema de infraestructura hacia uno resiliente, sostenible con estándares de alta eficiencia y procesos bajos en emisiones, que incorpore soluciones basadas en la naturaleza y privilegie la economía circular.","{'text': 'Para el año 2030, las medidas de sustitución tecnológica y de eficiencia energética en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducirán las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2298,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"In the next sections, the detailed activities of each line of action are presented. These are numbered to ease the reference to the timelines included in the Annex, in which the Action Plan 2018-2022 is presented.Transformation vision: • In 2035, 30% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions and the Passenger Electric Train will be in operation, running 100% on electricity • In 2050, the public transport system (Buses, Taxis, Passenger Electric Train) will operate in an integrated way, replacing the private automobile as the first option of mobility for the population in the GMA. • In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions.","{'text': 'In 2050, the public transport system (Buses, Taxis, Passenger Electric Train) will operate in an integrated way, replacing the private automobile as the first option of mobility for the population in the GMA.', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2299,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"In the next sections, the detailed activities of each line of action are presented. These are numbered to ease the reference to the timelines included in the Annex, in which the Action Plan 2018-2022 is presented.Transformation vision: • In 2035, 30% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions and the Passenger Electric Train will be in operation, running 100% on electricity • In 2050, the public transport system (Buses, Taxis, Passenger Electric Train) will operate in an integrated way, replacing the private automobile as the first option of mobility for the population in the GMA. • In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions.","{'text': 'In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions.', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2300,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions. • In 2050, Compact Cities will have been consolidated in the main urban areas of the GMA and main secondary cities of the country, with an increase of 10% of non-motorized journeys Activities to foster change: 1. To modernize public transport and to create an integrated and intermodal system Period goals • 8 main trunk lines in operation. • At least one public transport mode operates with a system of integrated electronic payment. • Electric Passenger Train tendered. Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA.","{'text': 'In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2301,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• In 2050, 85% of the public transport fleet will be zero-emissions. • In 2050, Compact Cities will have been consolidated in the main urban areas of the GMA and main secondary cities of the country, with an increase of 10% of non-motorized journeys Activities to foster change: 1. To modernize public transport and to create an integrated and intermodal system Period goals • 8 main trunk lines in operation. • At least one public transport mode operates with a system of integrated electronic payment. • Electric Passenger Train tendered. Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA.","{'text': 'In 2050, Compact Cities will have been consolidated in the main urban areas of the GMA and main secondary cities of the country, with an increase of 10% of non-motorized journeys', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2302,FIN,Finland,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_Finland_Oct2020.pdf,"Furthermore, both low-emission scenarios achieve the 2035 carbon neutrality target, which is in line with the Government Programme. The low-emission scenarios were assigned a number of energy and climate policy targets for 2030, including: a 39% GHG emission reduction target for the effort sharing sector compared to 2005 emission levels; phasing out the use of coal for energy by 2029; cutting back the use of peat at least by half by 2030; share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth); a 10% bioliquid blending obligation for light fuel oil used in building-specific heating and for diesel oil used in mobile machinery, with linear growth between 2020 and 2030; the number of electric vehicles at least 250,000 (full electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, plug-in hybrids) and, correspondingly, that of gas-powered vehicles at least 50,000 a 38% minimum share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020 and, correspondingly, a 50% minimum target for renewable energy in 2030; a 55% self-sufficiency target for energy supply in 2030 and halving the use of imported oil for energy purposes.","{'text': 'share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth)', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2303,FIN,Finland,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_Finland_Oct2020.pdf,"The low-emission scenarios were assigned a number of energy and climate policy targets for 2030, including: a 39% GHG emission reduction target for the effort sharing sector compared to 2005 emission levels; phasing out the use of coal for energy by 2029; cutting back the use of peat at least by half by 2030; share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth); a 10% bioliquid blending obligation for light fuel oil used in building-specific heating and for diesel oil used in mobile machinery, with linear growth between 2020 and 2030; the number of electric vehicles at least 250,000 (full electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, plug-in hybrids) and, correspondingly, that of gas-powered vehicles at least 50,000 a 38% minimum share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020 and, correspondingly, a 50% minimum target for renewable energy in 2030; a 55% self-sufficiency target for energy supply in 2030 and halving the use of imported oil for energy purposes. More detailed assumptions for the scenarios are presented in Chapter 4 of a Finnish-language research report entitled ‘Carbon neutral Finland 2035 – Scenarios and impact assessments’.2.3 Estimated trends in emissions and removals by 2050 Figure 1 presents the trends in Finland’s GHG emissions by main source under the basic scenario (WEM) and under the two low-emission scenarios (excluding LULUCF).","{'text': 'share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth)', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2304,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"La diffusion des véhicules électriques au Luxembourg dépend bien entendu de l’évolution plus ou moins rapide du marché automobile international, mais aussi de mesures nationales de promotion et de mise en place de l’infrastructure de recharge adéquate. La mission consiste à parvenir une décarbonisation complète du parc automobile national à l’horizon 2050. Le Luxembourg a opté pour l’aménagement d’une infrastructure nationale commune de bornes de charge publiques pour véhicules électriques157. La hausse escomptée de ces véhicules doit être continuellement accompagnée d’un réseau de plus en plus dense de points de charge publics, car le succès de l’électromobilité dépend aussi de l’aisance de la recharge d’un véhicule électrique.","{'text': 'La mission consiste à parvenir une décarbonisation complète du parc automobile national à l’horizon 2050', 'answer_start': 37}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2305,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l’exploitation (maîtrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation à l’éco-conduite) et du matériel roulant. Suite à des retours positifs avec des autobus électriques153, l’accord de coalition prévoit l’objectif d’aboutir à zéro émission sur le réseau RGTR d’ici 2030154. Dans ce contexte, il y a lieu de relever que le réseau ferroviaire est quasi intégralement électrifié et que les opérateurs s’approvisionnent exclusivement en électricité issue de sources renouvelables. S’appuyant sur ces accomplissements, les efforts d’un développement multimodal, quantitatif et qualitatif du réseau de mobilité doivent être poursuivis voire intensifiés à moyen et long terme dans le cadre du plan national de mobilité précité.","{'text': 'l’objectif d’aboutir à zéro émission sur le réseau RGTR d’ici 2030', 'answer_start': 44}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2306,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners – switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning – safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2).","{'text': 'Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population)', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2307,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners – switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning – safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2). More effort and investment are being put in place by Namibia to achieve this goal in Namibia’s forest areas.","{'text': 'Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population)', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2308,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners – switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning – safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2).","{'text': 'Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20%', 'answer_start': 149}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2309,NAM,Namibia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf,"Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners – switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning – safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) – switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2). More effort and investment are being put in place by Namibia to achieve this goal in Namibia’s forest areas.","{'text': 'Light-duty vehicles (LDV) – reducing fuel use by 20%', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2310,NPL,Nepal,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"b) Transport: i) In 2025, electric vehicles (e-vehicles) will account for 25 per cent of all private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 20 per cent of all four- wheeler public passenger vehicle sales (excluding electric rickshaws and electric three-wheelers). ii) Increase e-vehicle sales to 90 percent of all private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 60 percent of all four-wheeler public passenger vehicle sales by 2030. (excluding electric-rickshaws and electric three- wheelers). iii) Develop a 200-kilometer electric rail network by 2030 to support public transportation and mass transportation of goods.","{'text': 'iii) Develop a 200-kilometer electric rail network by 2030 to support public transportation and mass transportation of goods.', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2311,NPL,Nepal,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"iii) Develop a 200-kilometer electric rail network by 2030 to support public transportation and mass transportation of goods. c) Clean cooking/Residential cooking: The goal is to install 500,000 improved cooking stoves, primarily in rural areas, and an additional 200,000 household biogas plants and 500 large scale biogas plants (institutional/industrial/municipal/community) by 2025. ii) By 2030, ensure that electric stoves are used as the primary mode of cooking in 25 per cent of households.","{'text': 'iii) Develop a 200-kilometer electric rail network by 2030 to support public transportation and mass transportation of goods.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2312,SGP,Singapore,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Carbon capture, utilisation and storage, use of low-carbon hydrogen MITIGATION e.g. International climate action, regional power grids, market-based mechanisms INDUSTRY Energy efficiency System-level solutions Low-carbon technologies Energy efficiency At least 2 GWp of solar energy by 2030 Low-carbon technologies POWER GENERATION buildings by 2030 Super Low Energy Programme BUILDINGS TRANSPORT Zero private vehicle growth 9 in 10 peak period journeys on “Walk- Cycle-Ride” by 2040 Cleaner vehicles WASTE & WATER Circular economy approach Waste Recycling Energy efficiency of desalination and used water treatment HOUSEHOLDS Mandatory Energy Labelling Scheme Minimum Energy Performance Standards Green Towns Programme ADAPTATION CARBON TAX Initial rate of by 2030 Buildings & Infrastructure Keeping our buildings and infrastructure safe Long-Term Low-Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS) Halve emissions from its peak to emissions as soon as viable in the second half of the century by 2050 & net zero Charting Singapore s Low-Carbon FutureCHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE Transport Sector Our transport policies address the urban transport issue at its root, to reap the most gains in energy and carbon efficiency.","{'text': 'Zero private vehicle growth', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2313,SGP,Singapore,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"International climate action, regional power grids, market-based mechanisms INDUSTRY Energy efficiency System-level solutions Low-carbon technologies Energy efficiency At least 2 GWp of solar energy by 2030 Low-carbon technologies POWER GENERATION buildings by 2030 Super Low Energy Programme BUILDINGS TRANSPORT Zero private vehicle growth 9 in 10 peak period journeys on “Walk- Cycle-Ride” by 2040 Cleaner vehicles WASTE & WATER Circular economy approach Waste Recycling Energy efficiency of desalination and used water treatment HOUSEHOLDS Mandatory Energy Labelling Scheme Minimum Energy Performance Standards Green Towns Programme ADAPTATION CARBON TAX Initial rate of by 2030 Buildings & Infrastructure Keeping our buildings and infrastructure safe Long-Term Low-Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS) Halve emissions from its peak to emissions as soon as viable in the second half of the century by 2050 & net zero Charting Singapore s Low-Carbon FutureCHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE Transport Sector Our transport policies address the urban transport issue at its root, to reap the most gains in energy and carbon efficiency. Since 2018, we have capped private car and motorcycle growth at zero.","{'text': 'Zero private vehicle growth', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2314,ESP,Spain,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el año 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificación y los combustibles renovables, se prevé alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energía renovable en el transporte-movilidad, así como una reducción de las emisiones de más de un 30% en esa misma década.El sector de la edificación comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para más detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificación sostenible). Siguiendo el principio “primero, la eficiencia energética” la Comisión Europea propone la eficiencia energética en la edificación como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificación y los combustibles renovables, se prevé alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energía renovable en el transporte-movilidad, así como una reducción de las emisiones de más de un 30% en esa misma década', 'answer_start': 11}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2315,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"In addition, bio-energy with CCS (BECCS) power plant is needed to achieve the 2-degree target in 2050. • Transport sector: The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes, road surface improvement and engine performance improvement. Currently, the proportion of new efficient vehicle fleets is increasing, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. Under Thailand’s LEDS, the transport sector needs to increase the energy efficiency to 68% of total final energy consumption in 2050. Though the share of energy efficiency improvement decreases, the energy consumption in the efficient vehicle increases. Liquid biofuels have been promoted as clean alternative fuels in the transport sector.","{'text': 'Under Thailand’s LEDS, the transport sector needs to increase the energy efficiency to 68% of total final energy consumption in 2050.', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2316,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"Liquid biofuels have been promoted as clean alternative fuels in the transport sector. To achieve the targets under Thailand’s LEDS, the share of liquid biofuel use will have to increase from 8% in 2030 to 34% of total final energy consumption in 2050.• Manufacturing industries: Final energy consumption in manufacturing industries varies depending on the activities. For example, the heating system is used mainly in the food and beverage industries, and the chemical industries. The textile industries demand large amounts of electricity in their processes. The energy efficiency improvement of electrical devices has to increase to 77%. In the heating systems, the share of renewable energy will have to increase to approximately 46% and 50% of total final energy consumption in 2030 and 2050, respectively.","{'text': 'the share of liquid biofuel use will have to increase from 8% in 2030 to 34% of total final energy consumption in 2050.', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2317,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Further detail will also be provided on the transition to low carbon heating options, such as heat pumps, and future proposed support schemes, including energy efficiency and low carbon heating pilot schemes, which are intended to be launched in 2022/23. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomySetting the pace for greener, better transport Our Key Commitments • End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024.","{'text': 'End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030;', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2318,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Further detail will also be provided on the transition to low carbon heating options, such as heat pumps, and future proposed support schemes, including energy efficiency and low carbon heating pilot schemes, which are intended to be launched in 2022/23. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomySetting the pace for greener, better transport Our Key Commitments • End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024.","{'text': 'from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2319,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2024,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Further detail will also be provided on the transition to low carbon heating options, such as heat pumps, and future proposed support schemes, including energy efficiency and low carbon heating pilot schemes, which are intended to be launched in 2022/23. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomySetting the pace for greener, better transport Our Key Commitments • End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024.","{'text': 'Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024.', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2320,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2024,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation. • Ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network is reliable, accessible, and meets the demands of all motorists. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. • Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles.","{'text': 'Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2321,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation. • Ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network is reliable, accessible, and meets the demands of all motorists. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. • Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles.","{'text': 'Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2322,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2022,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.","{'text': 'Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2323,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2022,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will also continue to invest in R&D through the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC) competition to ensure the UK remains at the forefront of the development and industrialisation of zero emission vehicle technologies. 31. We will consult this year on a phase out date of 2035, or earlier if a faster transition appears feasible, for the sale of new non-zero emission powered two and three wheelers (and other L category vehicles). 32. We will lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. 33. We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users.","{'text': 'Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2324,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2325,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2326,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2327,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. • Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040. • Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK.","{'text': 'Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2328,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. • Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040. • Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK.","{'text': 'Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2329,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,Before 2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. Rail is already the greenest form of motorised transport, with almost 38% of the network electrified and significantly more to come as set out in the Great British Railways White Paper in May. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyNet zero transition and economic opportunities Our 2050 vision and how we get there 5. Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050, serving the unique needs of its communities. Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up.","{'text': 'Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2330,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Increased levels of active travel can improve everyday life for us all. 17. We will deliver the Prime Minister’s bold vision for cycling and walking, investing £2 billion over five years with the vision that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. We will also deliver thousands of miles of safe, continuous, direct routes for cycling in towns and cities, physically separated from pedestrians and volume motor traffic along with more low traffic neighbourhoods and school streets. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener18. We will deliver a world class cycling and walking network in England by 2040.","{'text': 'We will deliver a world class cycling and walking network in England by 2040', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2331,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will deliver a world class cycling and walking network in England by 2040. This will include comprehensive cycling and walking networks in all large towns and cities, with measures to enable cycling and walking, such as cycle training for all children and adults that want it. We will enable behaviour change through targeted personal incentives, such as GP prescribing of active travel, existing tax reliefs, and rewards programmes. Buses and coaches 19. We will deliver the National Bus Strategy’s vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. We will make buses more frequent, more reliable, more comprehensive, easier to understand and use, better co-ordinated and cheaper – to dramatically increase passenger numbers and reduce congestion and carbon emissions. 20.","{'text': 'We will deliver a world class cycling and walking network in England by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2332,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Coventry has now been announced as the UK’s first all-electric bus city, with £50 million to fund up to 300 electric buses and charging infrastructure. 22. We are consulting on a phase out date for the sale of new non-zero emission buses and coaches. We have already begun consulting on an appropriate date to end the sale of new non-zero emission buses and on the appropriate supporting policy and regulatory framework. We will also consult on a phase out date for the sale or purchase of new non- zero emission coaches. Railways 23. We will deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with sustained carbon reductions in rail along the way. Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040.","{'text': 'Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2333,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040. We will deploy new low-carbon technologies on the network such as hydrogen and battery trains, where they make operational and economic sense. We will incentivise the early take up of low carbon traction by the rail freight industry. 24. We will build extra capacity on our rail network to meet growing passenger and freight demand and support significant shifts from road and air to rail. This includes new high-speed lines, reopening lines closed under the Beeching cuts and significant improvement to regional city public transport networks with the aim of making them as good as London’s. 25. We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys.","{'text': 'Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2334,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys. Great British Railways set out a transformation in how people will pay for their journeys, to encourage a shift to rail and cleaner, greener journeys. Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure, will be introduced to support healthier greener journeys. Great British Railways will encourage more rail freight by providing the right conditions for industry growth, with better coordination, modern contracts, and new safeguards. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyCars, vans, motorcycles, and scooters 26. We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030. From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe.","{'text': 'We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030.', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2335,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys. Great British Railways set out a transformation in how people will pay for their journeys, to encourage a shift to rail and cleaner, greener journeys. Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure, will be introduced to support healthier greener journeys. Great British Railways will encourage more rail freight by providing the right conditions for industry growth, with better coordination, modern contracts, and new safeguards. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyCars, vans, motorcycles, and scooters 26. We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030. From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe.","{'text': 'From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2336,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe. Between 2030 and 2035, new cars and vans will only be able to be sold if they offer significant zero emission capability. 27. To provide certainty to consumers, energy providers, the chargepoint industry, vehicle manufacturers and supply chains during this transition, we will introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets requiring a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. 28. We will continue to regulate the tailpipe CO2 emissions of new non-zero emission cars and vans to limit their emissions until 100% of new sales are zero emission. This framework could subsequently be applied to all forms of new road vehicles sold in the UK. 29.","{'text': 'From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2337,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2022,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will also continue to invest in R&D through the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC) competition to ensure the UK remains at the forefront of the development and industrialisation of zero emission vehicle technologies. 31. We will consult this year on a phase out date of 2035, or earlier if a faster transition appears feasible, for the sale of new non-zero emission powered two and three wheelers (and other L category vehicles). 32. We will lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. 33. We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users.","{'text': 'We will lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2338,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2027,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will also continue to invest in R&D through the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC) competition to ensure the UK remains at the forefront of the development and industrialisation of zero emission vehicle technologies. 31. We will consult this year on a phase out date of 2035, or earlier if a faster transition appears feasible, for the sale of new non-zero emission powered two and three wheelers (and other L category vehicles). 32. We will lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. 33. We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users.","{'text': 'We will lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2339,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Significant investment in rail electrification and city rapid transit systems. • Aim to become a world-leader in zero emission flight and kick-starting the commercialisation of the UK sustainable aviation fuel so people can fly, and connect without guilt. Our ambition is to enable delivery of 10% SAF by 2030 and will be supporting UK industry with £180 million funding for the development of SAF plants. Executive Summary  Natural Resources, waste and fluorinated gases The policies and proposals for natural resources, waste, and fluorinated gases in the Net Zero Strategy will… New employment opportunities across the UK.","{'text': 'Our ambition is to enable delivery of 10% SAF by 2030', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2340,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are also investing £3 million in 2021/22 through the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure competition to accelerate R&D into infrastructure requirements at airports and airfields to handle new forms of zero emission aircraft. 42. We will accelerate the commercialisation of UK sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Our ambition is to enable delivery of 10% SAF by 2030 and we will be supporting UK industry with a £180 million funding to support the development of SAF plants. This builds on our recently launched £15 million Green Fuels, Green Skies competition. We will also establish a SAF clearing house, the first of its kind announced in Europe, to enable the UK to certify new fuels. 43. We are currently reviewing the responses to the SAF mandate consultation.","{'text': 'Our ambition is to enable delivery of 10% SAF by 2030', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2341,USA,United States of America,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"There are many opportunities to reduce GHG emissions from transportation while also saving money for households and businesses, improving environmental quality and health in communities, and providing more choices for moving people and goods. At its core, this requires electrifying most vehicles to run on ever-cleaner electricity and shifting to low-carbon or carbon-free biofuels and hydrogen in applications like long-distance shipping and aviation. To support this outcome, the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles, to produce 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, and to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation.","{'text': 'the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2342,USA,United States of America,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"To support this outcome, the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles, to produce 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, and to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation. This will occur through lower vehicle costs; fuel economy and emissions standards in light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; incentives for zero- emission vehicles and clean fuels; investment in a new charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; scaling up biorefineries; comprehensive innovation investments to reduce hydrogen costs; and investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options. Making progress this decade requires investing in domestic manufacturing and reliable supply chains for clean fuels, batteries, and vehicles.","{'text': 'the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2343,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf,"Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a través de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transición energética y del cambio climático, la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030. En cuanto al sector de la edificación, cualquier nueva construcción se diseña y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energético casi nulo, tal y como también queda regulado per la Ley anteriormente referida.","{'text': 'la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030.', 'answer_start': 62}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2344,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Por último, se prevé la elaboración de un plan de actuación con el fin de sentar las bases que permitan la implantación de un modelo energéticamente sobre en la Administración general y entidades relacionadas. Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a través de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transición energética y del cambio climático, la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030.","{'text': 'la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030.', 'answer_start': 96}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2345,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a través de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transición energética y del cambio climático, la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030. Para promover este cambio y dar impulso al rol ejemplar de la administración se ha definido normativamente la obligación de que cualquier Administración pública o entidad dependiente cuando adquiera un nuevo vehículos, o deba reponer los existentes, se realice con vehículos cero emisiones (Z) y ECO (E), sólo en casos muy concretos, en los que las necesidades lo justifiquen, y previa valoración de los ministeriosresponsables en materia de adquisición de vehículos del parque móvil y de la Oficina de la Energía y del Cambio Climático, pueden adquirirse otras tipologías de vehículos.","{'text': 'la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030.', 'answer_start': 30}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2346,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf,"Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuará con el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. En cuanto al sector de la edificación, cualquier nueva construcción se diseña y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energético casi nulo o positivo.","{'text': 'para el transporte por carretera la reducción no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuará con el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. E', 'answer_start': 11}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2347,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"A largo plazo (2050) Se reducirá la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 30%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 85% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 50% de la demanda eléctrica. Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuará con el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. En cuanto al sector de la edificación, cualquier nueva construcción se diseña y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energético casi nulo o positivo.","{'text': 'para el transporte por carretera la reducción no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuará con el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. E', 'answer_start': 50}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2348,BRB,Barbados,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2029,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf,"Electrical energy efficiency: a 22% reduction in electricity consumption compared to a BAU10 scenario in 2029. Planned measures in this sector include the ‘Public Sector Energy Efficiency and Conservation Programme’, implementation of applicable recommendations through the Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Action-Advanced Program (CHENACT), energy efficiency measures in homes and various LED lighting initiatives. iii. Non-electrical energy efficiency: a 29% reduction in non-electric energy consumption including transport, compared to a BAU scenario in 202910. GOB is investing in alternative vehicles and fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, ethanol, natural gas, hybrid and electric and encouraging their adoption through tax incentives. Waste Sector Aside from the energy sector, emissions from waste represent the other main contributor to national GHG emissions (16% in 2008).","{'text': '29% reduction in non-electric energy consumption including transport, compared to a BAU scenario in 2029', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2349,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"Current efforts seek to increase Brunei Darussalam’s carbon sink through reforestation efforts. At present, 104,920 trees are identified for current reforestation efforts, and a further 400,000 trees are proposed leading up to 2035. 1.3 BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035. This strategy seeks to promote the ownership of EV through the consideration of various policy related issues such as, but not limited to, the following: price of fuel and electricity; low EV prices (e.g. through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations).","{'text': 'BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2350,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam%27s%20NDC%202020.pdf,"Current efforts seek to increase Brunei Darussalam’s carbon sink through reforestation efforts. At present, 104,920 trees are identified for current reforestation efforts, and a further 400,000 trees are proposed leading up to 2035. 1.3 BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035. This strategy seeks to promote the ownership of EV through the consideration of various policy related issues such as, but not limited to, the following: price of fuel and electricity; low EV prices (e.g. through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations).","{'text': 'BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035.', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2351,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"In the transportation sector, urban public transportation will become more widespread and electric vehicle penetration will grow in the passenger vehicle fleet. Investments in rail development will start after 2030. Emissions will be also reduced by more moderate use of electric vehicles, increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles and higher penetration of compressed natural gas (CNG) for interregional buses and for trucks. Under the LTS4CN scenario, 70 percent of motorcycles and 40 percent of cars and urban buses are expected to be electric vehicles by 2050. The waste sector will achieve half of its emission savings in the first decade through mitigation measures in solid waste disposal, for example, by diverting organic waste from landfills or introducing the effective management of landfill gas.","{'text': 'Under the LTS4CN scenario, 70 percent of motorcycles and 40 percent of cars and urban buses are expected to be electric vehicles by 2050.', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2352,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.","{'text': 'CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050', 'answer_start': 245}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2353,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.","{'text': 'CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2354,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.","{'text': 'CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2355,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.","{'text': 'CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050', 'answer_start': 353}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2356,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050', 'answer_start': 315}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2357,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 193}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2358,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 174}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2359,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 174}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2360,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 301}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2361,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050', 'answer_start': 263}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2362,CHL,Chile,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Chile's_NDC_2020_english.pdf,"Air quality constitutes a nation- al priority for environmental management. Thus, various actions will be implemented, including: new atmospheric decontamina- tion plans; regulations applied to the public and private transport system; work with communities to improve household energy ef- ficiency; and setting emission and quality standards for the main industrial pollutant issuers, among others. En este contexto, Chile se compromete a: Contribution to Mitigation Nº2 (M2) M2) Reduce total black carbon emissions by at least 25% by 2030, with respect to 2016 levels. This commitment will be implemented primarily through national policies focused on air quality. In addi- tion, it will be monitored through permanent and periodic work to improve information available in the black carbon inventory.","{'text': 'Reduce total black carbon emissions by at least 25% by 2030, with respect to 2016 levels', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2363,CHN,China,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"China will accelerate the development of a low-carbon transport system, and actively expand the application of electric power, hydrogen energy, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels in transportation. By 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40% of all the vehicles sold in that year, the carbon emission intensity of converted turnover of commercial vehicles will decrease about 9.5% from 2020 level, and the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of converted turnover of railways will drop by 10% from 2020 level, and oil consumption by land transportation strives to peak.","{'text': 'By 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40% of all the vehicles sold in that year,', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2364,CHN,China,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"By 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40% of all the vehicles sold in that year, the carbon emission intensity of converted turnover of commercial vehicles will decrease about 9.5% from 2020 level, and the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of converted turnover of railways will drop by 10% from 2020 level, and oil consumption by land transportation strives to peak. China will accelerate the promotion of nature-based solutions,incorporate the sustainable use of natural resources into the policy and action framework for addressing climate change, maximize the mitigation effect of nature in forestry, agriculture, oceans, water resources, ecosystems and other fields, and comprehensively improve resilience in addressing climate change.","{'text': 'By 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40% of all the vehicles sold in that year,', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2365,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement. Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).,"{'text': 'Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO)', 'answer_start': 66}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2366,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020). Soit 500 000 voitures plus efficaces entre 2025Construction à horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferrée pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguinéen en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030. L’ensemble des mesures ci-dessus représenterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an évitées par rapport au scenario BAU.,"{'text': 'Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO)', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2367,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020). Soit 500 000 voitures plus efficaces entre 2025Construction à horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferrée pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguinéen en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030. L’ensemble des mesures ci-dessus représenterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an évitées par rapport au scenario BAU.,"{'text': 'Construction à horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferrée pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguinéen en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030', 'answer_start': 52}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2368,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars. The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy.","{'text': 'The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2369,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy. Increased transportation efficiency and ubiquitous, safe, and affordable access to low-carbon transportation options are key to the success of the vision. 28Eleri, E. O., Onuvae, P. and Ugwu, O.","{'text': 'The long-term vision in the transport sector that can move the country toward carbon neutrality is a national transportation system by 2050 with all having access to a range of affordable transportation choices in which not more than 50% of all journeys are by cars, at least 40% of all journeys are by public transport (including trains and BRT) and at least 10% of all journeys are by active travel (e. g. cycling, walking) to generate little to no GHG, keep the air clean, reduce vehicle distance traveled while increasing access and grow the economy', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2370,PAK,Pakistan,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pakistan%20Updated%20NDC%202021.pdf,"In addition—for enhanced contributions—new sectors and new gases have also been added to the updated document. Hence, Pakistan intends to set a cumulative ambitious conditional target of overall 50% reduction of its projected emissions by 2030, with 15% from the country’s own resources and 35% subject to provision of international grant finance that would require USD 101 billion just for energy transition. To reach the target, Pakistan aims to shift to 60% renewable energy, and 30% electric vehicles by 2030 and completely ban imported coal. Moreover, Pakistan seeks to expand NbS by implementation of TBTTP, Recharge Pakistan, and PAI. Pakistan‘s emissions as per 2018 are 489.87 MtCO e; Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) and TBTTP will sequester CO around 500 Mt CO e by 2040, if implemented fully.","{'text': '30% Electric Vehicles by 2030', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2371,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Regarding the penetration of RES in the Transport sector, the country is currently well behind the EU28 average of 11%, which is projected to increase to 14%. by 2030. The RES share of the Transport sector of Republic of North Macedonia is projected to sharply increase from 2% in 2020 to 17% by 2030, and 20% by 2050. Taking into account that the projected RES share above 10% is predominately driven by the penetration of electric and hydrogen powered vehicles, and considering the fact that the penetration of these technologies is driven by consumer purchase power, it can be concluded that the achievement of the RES goal for the Transport sector will be challenging.","{'text': 'The RES share of the Transport sector of Republic of North Macedonia is projected to sharply increase from 2% in 2020 to 17% by 2030, and 20% by 2050. Taking into account that the projected RES share above 10% is predominately driven by the penetration of electric and hydrogen powered vehicles, and considering the fact that the penetration of these technologies is driven by consumer purchase power, it can be concluded that the achievement of the RES goal for the Transport sector will be challenging', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2372,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"Commercial sector - 37% reduction in the specific energy consumption (measured as GJ annual energy consumption per m2 of lettable/habitable floor area), by 2030. Industry sector - 16% reduction in the weighted mean specific energy consumption for the manufacturing industry, by 2030 - 40 PJ cumulative total annual energy saving from specific energy saving interventions undertaken by in the mining subsector. Agriculture sector - 1 PJ verified electricity saving from officially supported projects, annually Transport sector - 20% reduction in the average vehicle energy intensity (measured in MJ/km) of the South African road vehicle fleet, by 2030. The NEES also identifies a set of measures to be implemented in each sector to achieve the stated targets.","{'text': '20% reduction in the average vehicle energy intensity (measured in MJ/km) of the South African road vehicle fleet, by 2030.', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2373,ZAF,South Africa,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa.pdf,Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5. Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion These costs are derived from energy systems and economic modelling. Further work is needed to prepare detailed business plans for finance and investment in mitigation. These numbers are presented for information to clarify the order of magnitude of mitigation finance and investment requirements.Some technologies that could help South Africa to further reduce emissions that have been identified include: Energy efficient lighting; variable speed drives and efficient motors; energy efficient appliances; solar water heaters; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; solar PV; wind power; carbon capture and sequestration; and advanced bio-energy.,"{'text': 'Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2374,GTM,Guatemala,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2032,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2022-06/NDC%20-%20Guatemala%202021.pdf,"Emisiones de GEI (millones de toneladas de CO ) Inventario + proyección BAU Medidas de mitigación NDCPara reducir las emisiones de la categoría de Transporte terrestre, Guatemala implementará la medida de Movilidad sostenible (ENE- 2), la cual se basa en la promoción del uso de vehículos eléctricos (electromovilidad) y la sustitución de combustibles fósiles por biocombustibles. Para ello, se propone implementar un programa de renovación del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas más eficientes, con lo cual se sustituirá el 24.3 % de los vehículos de gasolina por eléctricos al 2032 (Henríquez, 2021). Esta medida reducirá el consumo de gasolina y, por ende, las emisiones de GEI derivadas de esta actividad.","{'text': 'Para ello, se propone implementar un programa de renovación del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas más eficientes, con lo cual se sustituirá el 24.3 % de los vehículos de gasolina por eléctricos al 2032 (Henríquez, 2021).', 'answer_start': 56}",es-ES,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2375,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"(ii) Projets, mesures et activités spécifiques à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer aux co- bénéfices d atténuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent également des co-bénéfices d atténuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs clés, tels que l énergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources côtières, établissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification économique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l énergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la pêche Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés pour atteindre 100% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet) ; - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025 - Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché ; - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en 2020 à 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à 4% en 2025 et à 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici à 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacité des techniciens du froid afin de réduire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la filière de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluorés - Promotion de l’importation des fluides frigorigènes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilisés pour les congélateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de crème glacée ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des édifices privés et publics avec des matériaux d’isolants thermiques - Exonération de taxes sur les véhicules neufs Secteur AFAT - Développement intégré du secteur agricole à travers la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultivées ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d’aménagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d’approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des chaînes de valeurs : Organiser les filières pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu’à la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l’élevage à travers l’augmentation de la productivité des élevages au-delà de la croissance et du développement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unités de transformation des produits d’élevage, l’amélioration génétique pour les performances de l’élevage des bovins, l’introduction des géniteurs améliorateurs dans le système traditionnel, l’intensification de l’embouche et le renforcement de l’accès au marché pour la commercialisation des produits d’élevage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement à vocation de fourrage avec l’introduction d’arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualité ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants à travers la promotion de la restauration des forêts naturelles, des écosystèmes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversité, en privilégiant l’appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires déjà organisés (Aires protégées, forêts communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacrés), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Amélioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le piégeage du carbone au travers des «plans de développement de massif» promus par la forêt privée ou forêts communautaires ou des «chartes forestières de territoire» ou des pôles d’excellence rurale ; - Développement de la foresterie urbaine à travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la création des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l’accès au marché pour lesproduits forestiers transformés ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de végétation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en réduisant le taux actuel de déforestation et l’impact des feux de végétation, source d’émissions de carbone dans l’atmosphère Secteur des déchets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : aménagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) à Lomé et aménagement de décharges finales, mise en place d un système de collecte des ordures ménagères (OM), valorisation des déchets, construction de latrines, extension du réseau de distribution d’eau potable dans les villes Tsévié, Atakpamé Sokodé, Kara et Dapaong Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre et, le cas échéant, les absorptions: a) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre correspondant à la contribution déterminée au niveau national de la Partie, conformément au paragraphe 31 de la décision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adoptées par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilisé ses émissions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l évolution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Supplément de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s’est aussi appuyé sur les : • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour rendre compte de la mise en œuvre des politiques et mesures ou stratégies dans la contribution déterminée au niveau national La quantification du niveau d émissions de GES dans le scénario d’atténuation à l’horizon 2030, est basée sur les hypothèses suivantes : • Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid étaient formés ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront formés d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont reçu des appareils de récupération ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de récupération d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ont bénéficié de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant à base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de réchauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les mêmes orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l’importation des HFCs de 5% /an à travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ; • Au Togo ; des équipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont cédés à des sociétés de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d’une filière de recyclage d’une capacité de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d’en récupérer 50%/an ; • La construction d’au moins 100 bâtiments écologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs à l’horizon 2030 réduira d’au moins de 2% le taux d’importation des gaz-F. • La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en matière de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture forestière de 24,24% à 30% soit un une augmentation d’environ 5 % de la superficie forestière et des terres reboisées à l’horizon 2030 ; • La mise en œuvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de végétation et les mesures de protection des écosystèmes forestiers contribuera à la réduction de 5% des superficies des formations végétales brûlées ; • Les efforts de protection des formations forestières et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront à la réduction de la déforestation et à la limitation de la conversion des terres forestières en terres agricoles ou en d’autres formes d’utilisations des terres ; • La promotion des sources alternatives d’énergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers améliorés permettra la réduction de l’utilisation du bois énergie et les émissions de CO2 et autres GES liées à cette forme d’énergie ; • Dans le sous-secteur de l’agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces dernières années et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des résidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la réduction de 3 % de l’utilisation des engrais chimiques et l’intensification de l’utilisation de l’engrais organique ; • La mise en œuvre des nouvelles orientations stratégiques dans le secteur de la production des produits céréaliers contribuera à la réduction de 3% de la superficie des rizières irriguées pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 12% des déchets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d’enfouissement de Lomé, par an en énergie électrique pour les besoins du site ; • Réduire de 80% la quantité des déchets destinés au brûlage grâce à l’amélioration de la collecte des déchets et la création de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; • Valoriser 5% des eaux usées domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d’ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques à biogaz L’approche méthodologique utilisée est celle du LEAP-IBC.","{'text': 'Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ;', 'answer_start': 1182}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2376,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Le Togo s’est aussi appuyé sur les : • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour rendre compte de la mise en œuvre des politiques et mesures ou stratégies dans la contribution déterminée au niveau national La quantification du niveau d émissions de GES dans le scénario d’atténuation à l’horizon 2030, est basée sur les hypothèses suivantes : • Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid étaient formés ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront formés d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont reçu des appareils de récupération ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de récupération d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ont bénéficié de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant à base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de réchauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les mêmes orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l’importation des HFCs de 5% /an à travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ; • Au Togo ; des équipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont cédés à des sociétés de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d’une filière de recyclage d’une capacité de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d’en récupérer 50%/an ; • La construction d’au moins 100 bâtiments écologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs à l’horizon 2030 réduira d’au moins de 2% le taux d’importation des gaz-F. • La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en matière de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture forestière de 24,24% à 30% soit un une augmentation d’environ 5 % de la superficie forestière et des terres reboisées à l’horizon 2030 ; • La mise en œuvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de végétation et les mesures de protection des écosystèmes forestiers contribuera à la réduction de 5% des superficies des formations végétales brûlées ; • Les efforts de protection des formations forestières et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront à la réduction de la déforestation et à la limitation de la conversion des terres forestières en terres agricoles ou en d’autres formes d’utilisations des terres ; • La promotion des sources alternatives d’énergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers améliorés permettra la réduction de l’utilisation du bois énergie et les émissions de CO2 et autres GES liées à cette forme d’énergie ; • Dans le sous-secteur de l’agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces dernières années et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des résidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la réduction de 3 % de l’utilisation des engrais chimiques et l’intensification de l’utilisation de l’engrais organique ; • La mise en œuvre des nouvelles orientations stratégiques dans le secteur de la production des produits céréaliers contribuera à la réduction de 3% de la superficie des rizières irriguées pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 12% des déchets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d’enfouissement de Lomé, par an en énergie électrique pour les besoins du site ; • Réduire de 80% la quantité des déchets destinés au brûlage grâce à l’amélioration de la collecte des déchets et la création de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; • Valoriser 5% des eaux usées domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d’ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques à biogaz L’approche méthodologique utilisée est celle du LEAP-IBC. c) Le cas échéant, des informations sur la manière dont la Partie tiendra compte des méthodes et des orientations existantes au titre de la Convention pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques, conformément au paragraphe 14 de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris, le cas échéant Conformément aux paragraphes 13 et 14 de l’article 4 de l’Accord de Paris, le Togo a procédé à un QA/QC des données d’entrée pour s’assurer qu’il n’y ait ni omission, ni double comptage.","{'text': 'Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ;', 'answer_start': 93}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2377,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La préparation des CDN révisées était conforme aux recommandations de l Appel à l Action de Talanoa et de la Coalition Haute Ambition, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales.c) Chaque Partie ayant une contribution déterminée au niveau national au titre de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris qui consiste en des mesures d adaptation et / ou des plans de diversification économique aboutissant à des avantages connexes d atténuation conformément à l article 4, paragraphe 7, de l Accord de Paris à soumettre des informations sur: (i) Comment les conséquences économiques et sociales des mesures de riposte ont-elles été prises en compte dans l élaboration de la contribution déterminée au niveau national Les consultations nationales et régionales des parties prenantes ont permis de prendre en compte les impacts sociaux, économiques et environnementaux des mesures d atténuation nationales en intégrant les données collectées dans les outils d’évaluation lors de l élaboration des CDN révisées. (ii) Projets, mesures et activités spécifiques à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer aux co- bénéfices d atténuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent également des co-bénéfices d atténuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs clés, tels que l énergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources côtières, établissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification économique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l énergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la pêche Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés pour atteindre 100% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet) ; - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025 - Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché ; - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en 2020 à 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à 4% en 2025 et à 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici à 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacité des techniciens du froid afin de réduire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la filière de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluorés - Promotion de l’importation des fluides frigorigènes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilisés pour les congélateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de crème glacée ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des édifices privés et publics avec des matériaux d’isolants thermiques - Exonération de taxes sur les véhicules neufs Secteur AFAT - Développement intégré du secteur agricole à travers la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultivées ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d’aménagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d’approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des chaînes de valeurs : Organiser les filières pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu’à la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l’élevage à travers l’augmentation de la productivité des élevages au-delà de la croissance et du développement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unités de transformation des produits d’élevage, l’amélioration génétique pour les performances de l’élevage des bovins, l’introduction des géniteurs améliorateurs dans le système traditionnel, l’intensification de l’embouche et le renforcement de l’accès au marché pour la commercialisation des produits d’élevage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement à vocation de fourrage avec l’introduction d’arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualité ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants à travers la promotion de la restauration des forêts naturelles, des écosystèmes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversité, en privilégiant l’appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires déjà organisés (Aires protégées, forêts communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacrés), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Amélioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le piégeage du carbone au travers des «plans de développement de massif» promus par la forêt privée ou forêts communautaires ou des «chartes forestières de territoire» ou des pôles d’excellence rurale ; - Développement de la foresterie urbaine à travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la création des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l’accès au marché pour lesproduits forestiers transformés ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de végétation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en réduisant le taux actuel de déforestation et l’impact des feux de végétation, source d’émissions de carbone dans l’atmosphère Secteur des déchets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : aménagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) à Lomé et aménagement de décharges finales, mise en place d un système de collecte des ordures ménagères (OM), valorisation des déchets, construction de latrines, extension du réseau de distribution d’eau potable dans les villes Tsévié, Atakpamé Sokodé, Kara et Dapaong Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre et, le cas échéant, les absorptions: a) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre correspondant à la contribution déterminée au niveau national de la Partie, conformément au paragraphe 31 de la décision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adoptées par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilisé ses émissions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l évolution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Supplément de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre pour les zones humides.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 375}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2378,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"(ii) Projets, mesures et activités spécifiques à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer aux co- bénéfices d atténuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent également des co-bénéfices d atténuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs clés, tels que l énergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources côtières, établissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification économique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l énergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la pêche Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés pour atteindre 100% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet) ; - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025 - Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché ; - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en 2020 à 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à 4% en 2025 et à 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici à 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacité des techniciens du froid afin de réduire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la filière de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluorés - Promotion de l’importation des fluides frigorigènes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilisés pour les congélateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de crème glacée ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des édifices privés et publics avec des matériaux d’isolants thermiques - Exonération de taxes sur les véhicules neufs Secteur AFAT - Développement intégré du secteur agricole à travers la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultivées ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d’aménagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d’approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des chaînes de valeurs : Organiser les filières pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu’à la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l’élevage à travers l’augmentation de la productivité des élevages au-delà de la croissance et du développement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unités de transformation des produits d’élevage, l’amélioration génétique pour les performances de l’élevage des bovins, l’introduction des géniteurs améliorateurs dans le système traditionnel, l’intensification de l’embouche et le renforcement de l’accès au marché pour la commercialisation des produits d’élevage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement à vocation de fourrage avec l’introduction d’arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualité ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants à travers la promotion de la restauration des forêts naturelles, des écosystèmes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversité, en privilégiant l’appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires déjà organisés (Aires protégées, forêts communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacrés), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Amélioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le piégeage du carbone au travers des «plans de développement de massif» promus par la forêt privée ou forêts communautaires ou des «chartes forestières de territoire» ou des pôles d’excellence rurale ; - Développement de la foresterie urbaine à travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la création des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l’accès au marché pour lesproduits forestiers transformés ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de végétation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en réduisant le taux actuel de déforestation et l’impact des feux de végétation, source d’émissions de carbone dans l’atmosphère Secteur des déchets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : aménagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) à Lomé et aménagement de décharges finales, mise en place d un système de collecte des ordures ménagères (OM), valorisation des déchets, construction de latrines, extension du réseau de distribution d’eau potable dans les villes Tsévié, Atakpamé Sokodé, Kara et Dapaong Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre et, le cas échéant, les absorptions: a) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre correspondant à la contribution déterminée au niveau national de la Partie, conformément au paragraphe 31 de la décision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adoptées par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilisé ses émissions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l évolution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Supplément de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s’est aussi appuyé sur les : • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour rendre compte de la mise en œuvre des politiques et mesures ou stratégies dans la contribution déterminée au niveau national La quantification du niveau d émissions de GES dans le scénario d’atténuation à l’horizon 2030, est basée sur les hypothèses suivantes : • Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid étaient formés ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront formés d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont reçu des appareils de récupération ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de récupération d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ont bénéficié de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant à base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de réchauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les mêmes orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l’importation des HFCs de 5% /an à travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ; • Au Togo ; des équipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont cédés à des sociétés de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d’une filière de recyclage d’une capacité de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d’en récupérer 50%/an ; • La construction d’au moins 100 bâtiments écologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs à l’horizon 2030 réduira d’au moins de 2% le taux d’importation des gaz-F. • La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en matière de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture forestière de 24,24% à 30% soit un une augmentation d’environ 5 % de la superficie forestière et des terres reboisées à l’horizon 2030 ; • La mise en œuvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de végétation et les mesures de protection des écosystèmes forestiers contribuera à la réduction de 5% des superficies des formations végétales brûlées ; • Les efforts de protection des formations forestières et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront à la réduction de la déforestation et à la limitation de la conversion des terres forestières en terres agricoles ou en d’autres formes d’utilisations des terres ; • La promotion des sources alternatives d’énergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers améliorés permettra la réduction de l’utilisation du bois énergie et les émissions de CO2 et autres GES liées à cette forme d’énergie ; • Dans le sous-secteur de l’agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces dernières années et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des résidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la réduction de 3 % de l’utilisation des engrais chimiques et l’intensification de l’utilisation de l’engrais organique ; • La mise en œuvre des nouvelles orientations stratégiques dans le secteur de la production des produits céréaliers contribuera à la réduction de 3% de la superficie des rizières irriguées pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 12% des déchets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d’enfouissement de Lomé, par an en énergie électrique pour les besoins du site ; • Réduire de 80% la quantité des déchets destinés au brûlage grâce à l’amélioration de la collecte des déchets et la création de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; • Valoriser 5% des eaux usées domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d’ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques à biogaz L’approche méthodologique utilisée est celle du LEAP-IBC.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 220}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2379,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Dans la même veine, le PND entend développer tous les modes de transport et positionner le Togo comme une plateforme de référence dans la sous-région et sur le plan continental. La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 ; 2 Bref aperçu du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 énergie durable pour tous (se4all) énergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d’action national, octobreo étendre le réseau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché, o construire l’autoroute de l’Unité par l’accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port autonome.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 46}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2380,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 ; 2 Bref aperçu du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 énergie durable pour tous (se4all) énergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d’action national, octobreo étendre le réseau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché, o construire l’autoroute de l’Unité par l’accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port autonome. La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 16}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2381,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Programme de Renforcement des Capacités pour la Gestion de l’Environnement, Octobre 2010 Stratégie nationale de Réduction des Émissions dues à la Déforestation et à la Dégradation des forêts (REDD+) 2020-2029, Version finale, Octobre 2019Annexes Annexe 1 : Mesures d’atténuation à long terme Secteur Mesures et priorités Description Energie Création de l’Agence Togolaise de l’Electrification Rurale et des Energie Renouvelables par Décret N° 2016-064/PR (AT2ER). Promotion des énergies renouvelables et de l’électrification rurale août 2018 assortie de 8 textes d’application Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo Feuille de route - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés (e.g., panneaux solaires individuels) pour atteindre 75% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025- Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Stratégie de l’électrification du Togo - Porter à 100% le taux de l’électrification en 2030 - i) déployer plus de 300 mini-grids d’ici à 2030, soit environ une capacité installée de 9 MW; (ii) électrifier 555 000 ménages par Kits Solaires d’ici à 2030 soit jusqu’à 85 MW de capacité de génération solaire installée en 2030 ; et (iii) étendre et densifier le réseau pour atteindre environ 670 000 connexions d’ici à 2030, soit environ 108 MW de capacité additionnelle Plan quinquennal 2019- - Installer une capacité complémentaire de 88,2 MW d’ici 2023 pour l’hydroélectricité - Installer une capacité de 99 MW de solaire raccorder au réseau d’ici - Installer une capacité de 4 MW de mini-grid solaire en 2023 - Installer une capacité de 11,71 MW de kits solaires en 2023 Plan d’Actions National de la Bioénergie - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% en 2020(PANBE) en instance d’adoption - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquette à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici PIUP Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F Réduire la consommation des substances appauvrissant la couche d’ozone (SAO) et éviter leur relâchement important dans l’atmosphère à la fin du cycle de vie des équipements les contenant, par conséquent diminuer les émissions des GES.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 192}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2382,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Promotion des énergies renouvelables et de l’électrification rurale août 2018 assortie de 8 textes d’application Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo Feuille de route - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés (e.g., panneaux solaires individuels) pour atteindre 75% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025- Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Stratégie de l’électrification du Togo - Porter à 100% le taux de l’électrification en 2030 - i) déployer plus de 300 mini-grids d’ici à 2030, soit environ une capacité installée de 9 MW; (ii) électrifier 555 000 ménages par Kits Solaires d’ici à 2030 soit jusqu’à 85 MW de capacité de génération solaire installée en 2030 ; et (iii) étendre et densifier le réseau pour atteindre environ 670 000 connexions d’ici à 2030, soit environ 108 MW de capacité additionnelle Plan quinquennal 2019- - Installer une capacité complémentaire de 88,2 MW d’ici 2023 pour l’hydroélectricité - Installer une capacité de 99 MW de solaire raccorder au réseau d’ici - Installer une capacité de 4 MW de mini-grid solaire en 2023 - Installer une capacité de 11,71 MW de kits solaires en 2023 Plan d’Actions National de la Bioénergie - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% en 2020(PANBE) en instance d’adoption - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquette à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici PIUP Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F Réduire la consommation des substances appauvrissant la couche d’ozone (SAO) et éviter leur relâchement important dans l’atmosphère à la fin du cycle de vie des équipements les contenant, par conséquent diminuer les émissions des GES. Renforcer la capacité des agents de douane Lutter contre le commerce illicite des SAO donc à réduire leur consommation, par conséquent diminuer les émissions des GES.A travers ce projet 150 agents de douane sont formés chaque année.","{'text': 'Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025', 'answer_start': 128}",fr-FR,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2383,TON,Tonga,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The Tonga Climate Change Policy sets the targets of ‘a transport system that is not reliant on fossil fuels’ and ‘100 per cent renewable energy’. This LT-LEDS aligns with this aim as well as with the aims of Tonga’s Second NDC which states a target of reducing GHG emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels by 13 percent (16 Gg) by 2030, compared to 2006. The NDC specifies a Transport sector measure of 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles to contribute to the NDC emission reduction target. The LT-LEDS pathway for transport supports this NDC aim through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs.","{'text': 'The Tonga Climate Change Policy sets the targets of ‘a transport system that is not reliant on fossil fuels’ and ‘100 per cent renewable energy’. This LT-LEDS aligns with this aim as well as with the aims of Tonga’s Second NDC which states a target of reducing GHG emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels by 13 percent (16 Gg) by 2030, compared to 2006.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2384,TON,Tonga,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,no date provided,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The Tonga Climate Change Policy sets the targets of ‘a transport system that is not reliant on fossil fuels’ and ‘100 per cent renewable energy’. This LT-LEDS aligns with this aim as well as with the aims of Tonga’s Second NDC which states a target of reducing GHG emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels by 13 percent (16 Gg) by 2030, compared to 2006. The NDC specifies a Transport sector measure of 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles to contribute to the NDC emission reduction target. The LT-LEDS pathway for transport supports this NDC aim through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs.","{'text': 'The NDC specifies a Transport sector measure of 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles to contribute to the NDC emission reduction target. The LT-LEDS pathway for transport supports this NDC aim', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2385,TON,Tonga,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030 to 2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Incentives and requirements for ministries and larger companies to provide facilities to encourage cycling by employees like showers, changing rooms, personal lockers and secure bike parking will also be implemented. Location: Nuku’alofa. Timeline: 2022 - preparatory activities and some actions (such as sidewalk construction underway); 2025 - pilots start for cycling paths and pedestrianisation; 2030 - 2050 - full implementation. Principles: This action is highly aligned to Environment, Traditional Knowledge and Culture and well aligned to Inclusivity, Autonomy, Education and Core Values. Links to Second NDC: None. Links to other mitigation sectors: Human Settlements for urban planning. TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONS TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONSTRANSPORT Public adoption of 50 percent electric vehicles (EVs).","{'text': 'Public adoption of 50 percent electric vehicles (EVs).', 'answer_start': 119}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2386,TON,Tonga,LTS,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030 to 2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONS TONGA LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2021-2050 3 KEY LONG-TERM CLIMATE ACTIONSTRANSPORT Public adoption of 50 percent electric vehicles (EVs). GHG emission reduction potential: Medium to high, depending on percentage of electricity derived from renewables to charge EVs. Description: Tongatapu is a very well suited location for EVs, it has the population, it is flat, only 60 and 30km in each direction. TPL are engaged in the discussion on EVs and have started research to look into a transition to EVs and what this means for electricity generation. This action would follow-on from the piloting of EVs within the government municipal fleet (Action 6). It involves expanded adoption of EVs to the public, including different types of light duty EVs (cars, bikes, minivans, etc.).","{'text': 'Public adoption of 50 percent electric vehicles (EVs).', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2387,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.","{'text': 'the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2388,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines. The UAE continues to improve the emission standards for new motor vehicles, in accordance with European emission standards, as well as through the introduction of standard labels. These initiatives target both improvements in fuel economy and reduction in local air pollution.","{'text': 'the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2389,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Rehabilitation of 634 km of meter gauge railway by 2026 to facilitate modal shift of freight from road to rail. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. SGR – Standard Gauge Railway Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.","{'text': 'Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2390,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050. 3.5.2 Targets for Transport Sector Transport sector GHG emissions under Business-As-Usual conditions will more than double e in 2030. If all the main mitigation measures under the NDC scenario are implemented fully, they have the potential to limit the growth of the e in 2030 as illustrated in the figure 3-6. The figure also presents annual targets under the transport sector mitigation scenario.","{'text': 'Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2391,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Rehabilitation of 634 km of meter gauge railway by 2026 to facilitate modal shift of freight from road to rail. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. SGR – Standard Gauge Railway Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of 634 km of meter gauge railway by 2026 to facilitate modal shift of freight from road to rail. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2392,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). (2018). Multi-Modal Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA): Final Report. Section C-3. 17 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). (2018). Multi-Modal Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA): Final Report. Section C-5. 18 Four corridors identified in the MMUTMP. Section 10.5.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. LRT – Light Rail Transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040.","{'text': 'Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040.', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2393,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Rehabilitation of 634 km of meter gauge railway by 2026 to facilitate modal shift of freight from road to rail. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. SGR – Standard Gauge Railway Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.","{'text': 'Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2394,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 61 km of passenger MGR rail in 2030. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Metro rail Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 75 km of fully electrified passenger metro rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion 15 Bus system planned by KCCA in collaboration with Metu Zhongtong. 16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA).","{'text': 'Implement 75 km of fully electrified passenger metro rail by 2040.', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2395,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 61 km of passenger MGR rail in 2030. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Metro rail Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 75 km of fully electrified passenger metro rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion 15 Bus system planned by KCCA in collaboration with Metu Zhongtong. 16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA).","{'text': 'Implement 61 km of passenger MGR rail in 2030. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2396,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"No change in load factor. Develop land use and transport master plans incorporating transit-oriented land use and measures to incentivise well-located affordable housing along planned mass rapid transit lines. Adopt TOD friendly building control rules by 2025. TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050. BRT – Bus Rapid Transit Road: Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030.18 Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. GKMA Passenger service Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.","{'text': 'Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2397,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"No change in load factor. Develop land use and transport master plans incorporating transit-oriented land use and measures to incentivise well-located affordable housing along planned mass rapid transit lines. Adopt TOD friendly building control rules by 2025. TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050. BRT – Bus Rapid Transit Road: Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030.18 Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. GKMA Passenger service Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.","{'text': 'TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2398,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Section 2.3.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Total road PKM: 145,033 million Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Efficient operation of public transportation Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Work with the taxi industry to achieve service quality improvements and operator consolidation. Introduce 1,000 high-quality city buses in GKMA15 together with bus shelters, terminals, and depots.16 Introduce ITS systems, automatic fare collection, and control centre for public transport in GKMA 5% reduction in VKM and 5% increase in load factor from improved organisation of urban public transport. Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor.","{'text': '5% reduction in VKM and 5% increase in load factor from improved organisation of urban public transport.', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2399,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"- 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel. Introduction of at least 200 e-buses in GKMA in Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure Road: Walking accounts for 2015 passenger KM (PKM) Motorised: 66,715 million Non-motorised: 78,318 million 100 km of complete streets or dedicated NMT corridors, constructed in greater Kampala area in 2030 leading to 10% shift in PKM by mode from other passenger modes. Construct 100 km of NMT facilities in secondary cities in 2030. 13 Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative (TUMI) E-bus Mission. 14 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). (2018). Multi-Modal Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA): Final Report. Section 2.3.Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Total road PKM: 145,033 million Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling.","{'text': '100 km of complete streets or dedicated NMT corridors, constructed in greater Kampala area in 2030 leading to 10% shift in PKM by mode from other passenger modes. Construct 100 km of NMT facilities in secondary cities in 2030.', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2400,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': '1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2401,BOL,Bolivia (Plurinational State of),2nd NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_Bolivia-2021-2030_UNFCCC_en.pdf,"With cooperation, approximately 12% would be reached. Description: Specifically, the goal is to implement at the national level the pilot experiences developed at the subnational level of replacing conventional street lighting fixtures with LED technology. The national goal to date, until 2030, is to replace a total of 38,108 conventional luminaires 12 (6% of the national inventory) with LED technology. Contribution to SDGs: The goal will contribute to SDGs 8, 11, 12 and 13. Electric mobility Goal (9) By 2030, an annual growth of 10% in the share of electric vehicles in the Bolivian public transportation fleet has been achieved. Conditionality: Goal to be met with national effort. With cooperation the goal would be increased.","{'text': 'By 2030, an annual growth of 10% in the share of electric vehicles in the Bolivian public transportation fleet has been achieved.', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2402,BOL,Bolivia (Plurinational State of),2nd NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_Bolivia-2021-2030_UNFCCC_en.pdf,"Description: This measure seeks to develop clean generation capacities in the country’s ISs through the inclusion of medium and low power renewable generation plants complementary to existing plants operating under microgrid schemes. It has been estimated that by 2030 a total of 8 ISs will be able to include in their electricity systems generation plants based on renewable sources (photovoltaic, wind or microhydro). Contribution to SDGs: The goal will contribute to SDGs 7, 12 and 13. Efficient street lighting Goal (8) By 2030, 6% of the national public lighting inventory has been replaced with LED technology. Conditionality: Goal will be covered with national effort. With cooperation, approximately 12% would be reached.","{'text': 'By 2030, 6% of the national public lighting inventory has been replaced with LED technology.', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2403,LKA,Sri Lanka,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf,"Establishment of energy efficient and environmentally sustainable transport systems by 2030. 1.1 Develop Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve the transport system in line with the Megapolis Plan that is currently being finalized, and integrated into key urban areas of the country,1.2 Introduce an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based bus management system, 1.3 Introduce a canal transport system 2. Upgrade of Fuel Quality Standards (FQS) to reduce harmful emissions that cause environmental pollution and health hazards. 2.1 Introduce 95 octane petrol. 3. Reduce unproductive transport systems from current usage. 3.1 Reduce unproductive vehicles by 25% in 2025 unconditionally. This could be increased by 50% with conditions. 4. Shift passengers from private to public transport modes.","{'text': 'Reduce unproductive vehicles by 25% in 2025 unconditionally', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2404,ISR,Israel,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Israel%20INDC.pdf,"At the same time, removal of obstacles to implementation was examined. Based on the comprehensive work and findings of the committee, a national emissions reduction target for Israel was formulated and is expected to yield significant benefits to the economy. Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets: Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030 Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation.","{'text': '20% shift from private to public transportation', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2405,ISR,Israel,1st NDC,T_Transport_O_Unc,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Israel%20INDC.pdf,"Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets: Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030 Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation. Future development The government decision for the national target stipulates that within 45 days of approval, the relevant ministries are to submit to the government an outline of economy wide measures to be taken.","{'text': '20% shift from private to public transportation', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,Are there any transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
2406,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2407,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2408,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• The participation of 16 municipalities in the 2nd “cantonal” category of the National Carbon Neutral Program (PPCN). Activities 1.3.1 To review and adjust the Regulatory Plans and other territorial management tools in order to promote low-emissions development oriented to transport. • To adjust the regulatory plans and urban development regulations to ensure that their formulation promotes a low-emission and transport-oriented development. • To identify the necessary adjustments in the approved regulatory plans of the GMA to comply with the above statement. • To articulate the urban, residential and commercial development policies with the transportation plans and land use planning. 1.3.2 To promote dense and compact city models. • To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train.","{'text': 'To promote dense and compact city models.', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2409,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"*Avoid el lock-in: -To avoid the promotion and adoption of ""transitional"" transportation technologies that create barriers for the decarbonization of the transport system in the medium- and -long term. o To articulate the urban, residential and commercial development policies with the transportation plans and land use planning 1.3.2. To promote dense and compact city models. o To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train. o To design programs and incentives to promote the model of compact cities. 1.3.3. To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes. o To design and implement walkable city plans in the major urban centers of the country, including intermediate cities. o To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure.","{'text': 'To promote dense and compact city models.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2410,FRA,France,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"a) Guideline URB: Containing land take and reducing carbon emissions caused by urbanisation Make the existing urban framework60 more dynamic by strengthening urban hubs and rural villages, and revitalising areas that have lost their attraction. Develop regional cooperation. Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling. Encourage households, businesses and artisans to move back into town centres. Encourage the reselling of empty buildings and bring them up to standard to limit new construction. Implement strong property policies to manage property prices and preserve diversified uses. Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.)","{'text': 'Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2411,FRA,France,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The results will be incorporated into the next review of the SNBC. Make the existing urban framework176 more dynamic by strengthening urban hubs and rural villages, and revitalising areas that have lost their attraction. Develop regional cooperation. Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling. Encourage households, businesses and artisans to move back into town centres. Encourage the reselling of empty buildings and bring them up to standard to limit new construction. Implement strong property policies to manage property prices and preserve diversified uses. Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.)","{'text': 'Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2412,JPN,Japan,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will address comprehensively to transform the urban structure, such as ways of living and land usage considering mitigation and adaptation measures, with public-private partnership. The Government will promote compact cities, the creation of spaces that are ""Comfortable and Walkable"" by combining with the Improving Pedestrian Convenience Road System (Hokomichi) and comfort improvement zones, and the measures and projects based on the Comprehensive Urban and Regional Transportation Strategy. Furthermore, the Government will comprehensively promote the area decarbonization in cities through facilitating area-wide energy networks, developing and preserving parks and green spaces as carbon sinks, using digital technology, and mobilizing private finance by supporting private- 58 - urban development that are environmentally friendly to revitalize urban areas, and enhancing the social implementation of smart cities.","{'text': 'The Government will promote compact cities', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2413,MAR,Morocco,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"•  En aval, les équipements associés pour l’électroménager ou le confort d’ambiance (chauffage- climatisation) devront le plus rapidement possible répondre à des normes Haute Performance Énergétique (5). Un développement urbain bas carbone suppose la prise en compte des formes d’urbanisation : en privilégiant la densification des tissus existants lors des opérations de renouvellement urbain, en modulant la densité en fonction de la desserte en transports en commun, en optimisant l’utilisation du foncier, en introduisant des formes urbaines compactes mais agréables à vivre et en promouvant la mixité urbaine et limitant la création de zones monofonctionnelles. Il convient également de favoriser les trames vertes en préservant les espaces verts, les paysages et les zones naturelles sensibles, en encourageant la réalisation de toitures végétalisées, les façades vertes, l’agriculture urbaine, etc.","{'text': 'en privilégiant la densification des tissus existants lors des opérations de renouvellement urbain, en modulant la densité en fonction de la desserte en transports en commun', 'answer_start': 42}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
2414,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"Actions from the transport subsector are contained in the National Transport Strategy, the Medium-Term Transport Plan II 2019-2022, National Energy Policy 2017-2027, and National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy but will need financial and technical support for them to be implemented by 2030. These measures include the following:  Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns;  Encourage the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment;  Encourage sustainable substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels;  Monitor vehicle fleet-weighted fuel and CO2 efficiency;  Eliminate high emission vehicles;  Establish low carbon fuel standards;  Encourage the introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles Potential Energy Measures Achieving Energy Industries Sub-sector Targets The above targets are fully in line with existing national policy and strategy documents as well as industry action plans.","{'text': 'Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2415,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"These measures include the following:  Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns;  Encourage the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment;  Encourage sustainable substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels;  Monitor vehicle fleet-weighted fuel and CO2 efficiency;  Eliminate high emission vehicles;  Establish low carbon fuel standards;  Encourage the introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles Potential Energy Measures Achieving Energy Industries Sub-sector Targets The above targets are fully in line with existing national policy and strategy documents as well as industry action plans. Key strategies linked to these targets and central to their achievement include:  National Energy Policy 2017 - 2027  The National Electrification Roll-Out Plan  PNG Power 15 Year Power Development Plan  The Medium-Term Development Plan III Key Result Area 2: Goal 2.1  Papua New Guinea’s Sustainable Development Goal 13 Roadmap: The four key energy actions: 1) Carbon neutral gas and minerals sector 2) Renewable-based rural electrification 3) Resilient, reliable and efficient electricity grids 4) Energy-efficient government and private sector Priority renewable energy projects for investment set out in PNG’s Country Programme for Green Climate Fund finance Several major programs are already being implemented that will contribute to achieving the targets, and they include:  PNG Electrification Programme  Pawarim Komuniti – PNG Off-grid Electrification Program  Town Electrification National Program (TEP)  Rural On-grid Electrification Program (ROGEP) The Climate Change (Management) Act 2015 is being reviewed to provide a stronger link between the energy sector and emissions reductions and to create a framework for improving energy data collection.","{'text': 'Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2416,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"Creating long-term sustainable and robust structures capable of increasing transport efficiency will mean local, regional and national levels will need to coordinate their planning processes to a greater extent. Densely populated areas offer better opportunities for walking, cycling and using public transport instead of travelling by car, while the car will continue to be important in sparsely populated areas. On the other hand, rural areas have an important role to play in the transition as suppliers of climate-smart energy and renewable resources Sustainable Renewable fuels Gradually increasing the use of biofuels and electricity in the transport sector will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.","{'text': 'Densely populated areas offer better opportunities for walking, cycling and using public transport instead of travelling by car, while the car will continue to be important in sparsely populated areas.', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2417,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"This means that energy and resource efficiency are high and a circular economy underpins low-emission, sustainable production and consumption. As a result of technological advances, the transport sector is using zero- and low-emission solutions for passenger cars, public transport and heavy goods vehicles. Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector. Emissions from goods and products supplied by Norwegian industry are low.","{'text': 'Transport needs have been reduced by developing more compact cities and communities and new digital communication solutions. Passenger and freight transport has been made more effective. Sound land-use planning, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new, innovative transport solutions have all played a part in this. There have been similar developments in the shipping and maritime transport sector', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2418,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Sustainable cities This line of action is based upon an urban development model that is capable of regulating land-use, considering efficient transportation systems, low-carbon buildings, and integrated water and waste management. The policy is implemented fundamentally on a local scope. Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 47}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
2419,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Density,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following áreas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 7}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
2420,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2421,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2422,FRA,France,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"a) Guideline URB: Containing land take and reducing carbon emissions caused by urbanisation Make the existing urban framework60 more dynamic by strengthening urban hubs and rural villages, and revitalising areas that have lost their attraction. Develop regional cooperation. Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling. Encourage households, businesses and artisans to move back into town centres. Encourage the reselling of empty buildings and bring them up to standard to limit new construction. Implement strong property policies to manage property prices and preserve diversified uses. Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.)","{'text': 'Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2423,FRA,France,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"The results will be incorporated into the next review of the SNBC. Make the existing urban framework176 more dynamic by strengthening urban hubs and rural villages, and revitalising areas that have lost their attraction. Develop regional cooperation. Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling. Encourage households, businesses and artisans to move back into town centres. Encourage the reselling of empty buildings and bring them up to standard to limit new construction. Implement strong property policies to manage property prices and preserve diversified uses. Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.)","{'text': 'Develop highly dense urban forms structured around transport routes, services, businesses and jobs. Encourage different functions on a same plot of land to avoid urban sprawling.', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2424,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.","{'text': 'adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2425,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions. In the urban areas, emphasis will be on (i) expansive adoption of mass transit system such as the Rail and Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce number of commuter vehicles on the road and curb emission; and (ii) encouraging the acquisition and use of zero-emission vehicles such as electric cars.","{'text': 'adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.', 'answer_start': 5}",en-US,What land use activities are envisioned?
2426,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Sustainable cities This line of action is based upon an urban development model that is capable of regulating land-use, considering efficient transportation systems, low-carbon buildings, and integrated water and waste management. The policy is implemented fundamentally on a local scope. Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 47}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
2427,MEX,Mexico,LTS,A_Mixuse,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following áreas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico’s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.","{'text': 'To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits', 'answer_start': 7}",fr-FR,What land use activities are envisioned?
2428,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'incentives for home-office', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2429,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'incentives for home-office', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2430,EEU,European Union,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.","{'text': 'For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today.', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2431,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"La digitalisation progressive de l’économie donne à un nombre croissant de travailleurs et d’organisations la possibilité de recourir au télétravail149. Il s’agit donc d’étendre ce mode de travail de façon optimale et de profiter ainsi des potentiels de réduction considérables du trafic pendulaire et professionnel. De même, l’établissement d’espaces de travail partagé (« coworking spaces »), notamment dans les zones frontalières, permet de raccourcir les trajets des travailleurs. 144 Environ 67% des émissions totales de GES hors ETS 145 Vendus à des véhicules immatriculés à l’étranger. 146 Voir le chapitre « Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations nécessaires » 147 Par l’internalisation des coûts liés à l’environnement, la santé, etc.","{'text': 'Il s’agit donc d’étendre ce mode de travail de façon optimale et de profiter ainsi des potentiels de réduction considérables du trafic pendulaire et professionnel. De même, l’établissement d’espaces de travail partagé (« coworking spaces »), notamment dans les zones frontalières, permet de raccourcir les trajets des travailleurs.', 'answer_start': 20}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2432,MLT,Malta,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"bikes, e-bikes, pedelecs) and walking. „ Encouraging teleworking, and remote working and further promotion of Government online services to reduce and avoid the need to travel, especially to and from specific ‘traffic hotspots’, and especially during peak hours. Table 2 sets out the abatement potential calculated to arise as a result of putting in place the package of measures in the LCDS. Implementation of this package of measures results in a net cost saving over the long-term LCDS time horizon. This is a result of the avoided costs from car use and road maintenance outweighing the investment in infrastructure for active travel and support for public transport, as well as the savings from transitioning to EVs.","{'text': 'Encouraging teleworking, and remote working and further promotion of Government online services to reduce and avoid the need to travel, especially to and from specific ‘traffic hotspots’, and especially during peak hours', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2433,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.","{'text': 'Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office.', 'answer_start': 6}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2434,IDN,Indonesia,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf,"INDONESIA LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE 2050 (INDONESIA LTS-LCCR 2050)It is envisaged that Indonesian transport situation in 2050 under LCCP will be as follows: • Transport distance of non-constrained transport (leisure, social or family visits) in metropolitan is around 10 km. • Travel distance of constrained transport (home-to-work/school) is around 40 km (in Jakarta). • Some fraction of the workforces are working from home (tele working) by opening businesses at their homes such as small shops, maintenance and repair services and restaurants. • The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%).","{'text': 'Some fraction of the workforces are working from home (tele working) by opening businesses at their homes such as small shops, maintenance and repair services and restaurants.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2435,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"They are also designed so that they can be repaired, and manufacturers’ business models put more emphasis on repair and recycling. More widespread use of digital communication allows more flexibility in where people work from, reduces the need for transport and gives people more free time.3 The pathway to a low-emission society 3.1 Strategic priorities for the pathway to a low-emission society Norway is pursuing an ambitious climate policy, and will continue to do so. The Government’s long-term target is for Norway to be a low-emission society by 2050 where resource use is efficient and the business and industry is competitive. In its political platform, the Government announced its intention of restructuring the Norwegian economy and contributing to Norway’s transformation into a low-emission society by mid-century.","{'text': 'More widespread use of digital communication allows more flexibility in where people work from, reduces the need for transport and gives people more free time.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2436,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,A_Teleworking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Entre las medidas necesarias, en adición a las nuevas tecnologías eléctricas y la normativa, México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energética al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| PÁG. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.","{'text': 'Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19', 'answer_start': 58}",es-ES,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2437,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)","{'text': 'By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2438,CPV,Cabo Verde,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf,"To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.","{'text': 'By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2439,CHL,Chile,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"El éxito de estas medidas depende de la coordinación y correspon- sabilidad de múltiples actores públicos y privados, que promuevan una cultura de movilidad basada en la educación, la gobernanza, la participación y con- ciencia ambiental.CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 149 CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 A continuación, se presentan objetivos y metas sectoriales de largo plazo y su contribución a los ODS: SECTOR TRANSPORTES ODS Objetivo 1: Orientar las decisiones en materia de movilidad y desarrollo urbano y territorial, a fin de priorizar los modos de desplazamiento más sustentables y eficientes tanto urbanos como interur- banos, utilizando para ello sistemas de movilidad integrados, multimodales y orientados al bien- estar social y la calidad de vida, poniendo en el centro a los usuarios/as y atendiendo la dimensión social de la movilidad. [Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 1.1: Al 2021, contar con una metodología y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario.","{'text': 'Al 2021, contar con una metodología y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario', 'answer_start': 144}",es-ES,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2440,CHL,Chile,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 1.1: Al 2021, contar con una metodología y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario. Meta 1.2: Al año 2023, lograr incluir normativa y metodológicamente la di- mensión de movilidad sostenible en la planificación territorial, así como en la formulación de los planes de infraestructura y de ordenamiento te- rritorial. Meta 1.3: Al 2025, construir comunidades de prácticas interinstitucionales y colaborativas para el fomento de la movilidad de baja o nula emisión, entre el gobierno nacional, los gobiernos locales, gobiernos regionales, sociedad civil, academia e instituciones privadas.","{'text': 'Al 2021, contar con una metodología y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario', 'answer_start': 5}",es-ES,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2441,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To adequately divide loads so that the size of the cargo vehicles that circulate in urban centers are proportional. 3.1.2 To generate open data to improve the planning of light and heavy cargo transport. • To generate the following open data: age of the fleet, types of vehicles, operating conditions, origins and destinations of the cargo, type of cargo, origin of the trucks (domestic or foreign). • To evaluate the feasibility of designing a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme to measure the emissions from the sector and from the transformation to a decarbonized one. 3.1.3 To integrate the intensive use of rail transportation for the mobilization of merchandise in the major routes and demand in the distribution model and Pre-investment Study registered in MIDEPLAN cargo commercialization.","{'text': 'To generate open data to improve the planning of light and heavy cargo transport', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2442,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To define peripheral routes and schedules that limit the access of heavy trucks to urban centers. o To establish pilot projects of centers of consolidation and final distribution that combine technologies and various modes of transportation, creating possible “low- emission areas”. o To adequately divide loads so that the size of the cargo vehicles that circulate in urban centers are proportional. 3.1.2. To generate open data to improve the planning of light and heavy cargo transport . (Quick Win) o To generate the following open data: age of the fleet, types of vehicles, operating conditions, origins and destinations of the cargo, type of cargo, origin of the trucks (domestic or foreign).","{'text': 'To generate open data to improve the planning of light and heavy cargo transport', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2443,FJI,Fiji,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Lower target levels for less ambitious scenarios. Based on incremental cost of biofuels of around USD 0.20 per litre, 5% biodiesel and 10% bioethanol, incremental cost based on price differences in Europe. Action Scenario271 High-Level Costing (USD millions) Main Implementer Implementation Timeframe BAU-U BAU-C HA VHAFIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 I 223 222 I FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 Domestic Maritime Transport National Action Plan for decarbonisation of maritime transport. Design of a long-term National Action Plan for decarbonisation of the maritime transport sector in Fiji to 2050. X X X 0.2 Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Short-term Maritime Data Collection and Analysis. Domestic maritime data collection, storage, and analysis287 X X X X 3 FBoS, MoIT, FRCS, MSAF From 2019 and ongoing to 2050 4-Stroke Engines.","{'text': 'Maritime Data Collection and Analysis. Domestic maritime data collection, storage, and analysis', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2444,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"Past attempts to introduce electric bicycles and scooters were unsuccessful due to mechanical damage to equipment from Nauru’s salty corrosive environment, steep hills and stray dogs. Indicative Actions to Achieve 50% Renewable Energy Capacity • Install 6MW solar photovoltaic farm with 5MW/2.5MW battery capacity • Conduct technical assessment of non-solar sources of renewable energy such as ocean thermal energy conversion and waste-to-energy • Conduct technical assessment of low-carbon transport options Conditional Contribution Achieving 30% Energy Savings The ability of Nauru to realize our renewable energy aspirations will depend on placing a strong focus on energy efficiency.","{'text': 'Conduct technical assessment of low-carbon transport options', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2445,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,Indicative Actions to Achieve 50% Renewable Energy Capacity • Install 6MW solar photovoltaic farm with 5MW/2.5MW battery capacity • Conduct technical assessment of non-solar sources of renewable energy such as ocean thermal energy conversion and waste-to-energy • Conduct technical assessment of low-carbon transport options Conditional Contribution Achieving 30% Energy Savings The ability of Nauru to realize our renewable energy aspirations will depend on placing a strong focus on energy efficiency. Though Nauru has taken some measures to reduce energy demand – such as through the Low Carbon Fund to encourage the uptake of efficient refrigerators and washing machines – much action within the energy sector to date has centered on renewable energy expansion. The coming years will see a greater focus and prioritization by Nauru on energy efficiency.,"{'text': 'Conduct technical assessment of low-carbon transport options', 'answer_start': 37}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2446,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues', 'answer_start': 438}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2447,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues', 'answer_start': 377}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2448,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.","{'text': 'and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2449,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2450,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will also create an environment in which human resources and suppliers are trained based on collaboration between companies and between the industry and academia. b. Road and traffic systems The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera. The Government will also pursue the possibility of CO2 emissions reduction through the promotion of area-wide measures including price based measures for adjusting traffic demand by utilizing the ICT and AI at tourist spots.","{'text': 'The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera.', 'answer_start': 31}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2451,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,I_DataModelling,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Integrated Transport Planning Myanmar is interested in exploring future mitigation actions in the various transport sectors, including understanding mitigation potential, creating required databases (e.g. monitoring, reporting and verification) and informing policy reform to meet future climate mitigation targets. Currently, with limited capacities, no transport mitigation commitments are made in this NDC. However, with support from both developed and developing countries, Myanmar would examine how the transport sector could fit into both Article 6 activities and/or commitments in a future NDC. Potential transport sector outcomes would be based on the initiation of work in the coming years and support received. Myanmar also lacks a national government framework that guides intra- urban transport.","{'text': 'Myanmar is interested in exploring future mitigation actions in the various transport sectors, including understanding mitigation potential, creating required databases (e.g. monitoring, reporting and verification) and informing policy reform to meet future climate mitigation targets.', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2452,CHL,Chile,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Meta 3.4: Al 2030, reducir la partición modal del transporte privado pro- pulsado por combustibles fósiles en todas las regiones, con relación al año base 2017. Meta 3.5: Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peatón.","{'text': 'Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peatón.', 'answer_start': 28}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2453,CHL,Chile,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Meta 3.5: Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peatón. Meta 3.6: Al 2030, lograr que todas las ciudades del país dispongan de una red vial apropiada para el desplazamiento de peatones y ciclos con niveles de seguridad, calidad y confort de acuerdo con estándares normativos, ca- nalizando las iniciativas a través los Planes de Infraestructura de Movilidad y Espacio Público desarrollados a nivel comunal.CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 151 CAPÍTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Meta 3.7: Al 2040, haber desarrollado y mantener actualizados los Planes Maestros de Movilidad en las 35 ciudades de más de 80.000 habitantes, concebidos bajo enfoque de movilidad sostenible y con metas específi- cas de reducción de emisiones y haber desarrollado y actualizado Planes de Gestión de Tránsito en 25 ciudades intermedias menores a 80.000 ha- bitantes, concebidos bajo enfoque de movilidad sostenible y con metas específicas de reducción de emisiones.","{'text': 'Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peatón.', 'answer_start': 2}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2454,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"El consumo energético y PBI siguen tendencias históricas. 2. Escenario de la Agenda de Transición Energética (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transición Energética)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivación económica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones climáticas de ERNC, eficiencia energética y movilidad eléctrica, la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generación eléctrica del país proviene de la energía eólica y 4.8% de la energía solar.","{'text': 'la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).', 'answer_start': 52}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2455,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"Escenario de la Agenda de Transición Energética (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transición Energética)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivación económica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones climáticas de ERNC, eficiencia energética y movilidad eléctrica, la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generación eléctrica del país proviene de la energía eólica y 4.8% de la energía solar. Cabe resaltar que debido a la crisis sanitaria que vive el mundo, se parte del supuesto que estos escenarios ponen en marcha los paquetes de reactivación económica a partir de 2022 y que la demanda de energía comienza a desacoplarse del crecimiento económico en el escenario ATE producto de las políticas planteadas para el sector.","{'text': 'la evolución del sistema de transporte público se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).', 'answer_start': 43}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2456,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2457,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments. Introduce measures to reduce emissions in transport in fiscal policy, in line with the forthcoming revision of Council Directive 2003/96/EC36 and according to the OECD Recommendations 37 and the Progress Report of the Environmental Performance of OECD Recommendations,38 unless they are in contradiction with Council Directive 2003/96/EC, whereas the measures will take into account price competitiveness and elasticity of consumption. Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied.","{'text': 'Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2458,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"Under the aegis of the Physical Development Plan, described above, a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan for the Greater Bridgetown Area and the Urban Corridor has been prepared. This plan aims at upgrading the public transport system (fleet renovation, payment systems, tracking systems and demand management), introducing bicycle lanes, connected sidewalks and accessibility measures, as well as parking management policies. Initiatives such as the urban renewal investments in Pile Bay to Harts Gap corridor, the Bridgetown Public Market and Fishing Harbor and the Greater Carlisle Bay incorporate low-carbon transportation measures. These measures may not have been devised as part of the NDC, they contribute to the regulatory, financial and behavioral changes that are required towards a low-carbon climate resilient transportation and mobility system in Barbados.","{'text': 'Under the aegis of the Physical Development Plan, described above, a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan for the Greater Bridgetown Area and the Urban Corridor has been prepared. This plan aims at upgrading the public transport system (fleet renovation, payment systems, tracking systems and demand management), introducing bicycle lanes, connected sidewalks and accessibility measures, as well as parking management policies.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2459,GTM,Guatemala,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf,Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte público urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte público urbano T-4. Mejoramiento de la infraestructura vial del país en los libra- mientos de Chimaltenango y Barberena. T-4. Libramientos de Chimaltenango y Barberena. T-5. Renovación del parque vehicular privado automóvil hacia alternativas más eficientes T-5. Vehículos eléctricos T-6. Promover el uso del etanol en la gasolina en Guatemala T-6. Uso del etanol en la gasolina U-1. Plantear un modelo de Estructura Urbana Territorial con ba- jas emisiones en la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano U-1. Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano U-2. Plan de movilidad metropolitana sostenible de la ciudad de Guatemala U-2. Movilidad metropolitana sostenible Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR INDUSTRIA Ministerio líder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Economía (MINECO) I-1.,"{'text': 'Plan de movilidad metropolitana sostenible de la ciudad de Guatemala', 'answer_start': 99}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2460,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement. Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).,"{'text': 'Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.', 'answer_start': 19}",fr-FR,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2461,NOR,Norway,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf,"The Ministry of Climate and Environment tasked Enova with establishing a zero-emission fund, which was launched in summer 2019. This is a funding instrument including several types of grants to reduce emissions from commercial transport through effective deployment of zero- emission solutions.Integrated urban land-use and transport agreements involving central government, county and municipal bodies are being negotiated for Norway’s largest urban areas. So far, only the agreement for Trondheim and its surroundings has been concluded. These agreements are intended to play a part in achieving the target of zero growth in passenger car traffic for the largest urban areas, and to ensure coordination of land-use planning and the development of public transport and pedestrian and cycle paths.","{'text': 'Integrated urban land-use and transport agreements involving central government, county and municipal bodies are being negotiated for Norway’s largest urban areas. So far, only the agreement for Trondheim and its surroundings has been concluded. These agreements are intended to play a part in achieving the target of zero growth in passenger car traffic for the largest urban areas, and to ensure coordination of land-use planning and the development of public transport and pedestrian and cycle paths.', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2462,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking.', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2463,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,A_SUMP,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad. El trabajo remoto o teletrabajo contribuye a reducir la huella de carbono, así como de otros contaminantes atmosféricos, lo que fortalece las políticas de cambio climático y también las de calidad del aire. Finalmente, la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculación de la planeación urbana con criterios de cambio climático y de recuperación del espacio público para el peatón, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte público eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados. Todas estas acciones apoyan el cumplimiento de la meta de GEI y son esenciales también para la meta de carbono negro.","{'text': 'la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculación de la planeación urbana con criterios de cambio climático', 'answer_start': 41}",es-ES,What support activities listed for transport planning?
2464,CHL,Chile,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Meta 6.7: Al 2050, alcanzar un porcentaje de reconversión de un 71% de los vehículos de carga en base a vehículos cero emisión. Objetivo 7: Incorporar en las decisiones y en la planificación una participación activa y efectiva de la ciudadanía, reforzando las identidades y valores locales, fortaleciendo la descentralización y la articulación multinivel, para avanzar en un desarrollo coherente y sinérgico de nuestro territorio. Meta 7.1: Al 2025, implementar programas y proyectos dirigidos a organi- zaciones sin fines de lucro de la sociedad civil, que faciliten, promuevan y acompañen el cambio modal hacia la movilidad de baja o cero emisiones, incentivando la participación activa y efectiva de la ciudadanía.","{'text': 'Incorporar en las decisiones y en la planificación una participación activa y efectiva de la ciudadanía, reforzando las identidades y valores locales, fortaleciendo la descentralización y la articulación multinivel, para avanzar en un desarrollo coherente y sinérgico de nuestro territorio.', 'answer_start': 25}",es-ES,What stakeholders are involved?
2465,CHN,China,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","Fourth, China will promote the Belt and Road South-South cooperation on climate change. With a view to jointly promoting green and low-carbon development and building a green Silk Road, China will actively push forward the implementation of Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change, with focus placed on pragmatic cooperation and joint development in the fields of low-carbon infrastructure, low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon energy, low-carbon transportation, low-carbon technology research & development, low-carbon product and service trade, carbon trading market connection, climate finance, low-carbon talent training and exchanges, donation and assistance in low-carbon materials.","{'text': 'China will promote the Belt and Road South-South cooperation on climate change. With a view to jointly promoting green and low-carbon development and building a green Silk Road, China will actively push forward the implementation of Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change, with focus placed on pragmatic cooperation and joint development in the fields of low-carbon infrastructure, low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon energy, low-carbon transportation, low-carbon technology research & development, low-carbon product and service trade, carbon trading market connection, climate finance, low-carbon talent training and exchanges, donation and assistance in low-carbon materials', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2466,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités. Vu le caractère international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent être élaborées à l’échelle européenne voire mondiale. Afin d’inclure les externalités négatives dans les prix de ces modes de transport et de forcer l’innovation technologique pour réduire significativement l’empreinte carbone et environnementale (notamment par le développement de l’hydrogène renouvelable ou de carburants synthétiques renouvelables), il importe d’assurer une tarification adéquate des émissions.","{'text': 'Vu le caractère international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent être élaborées à l’échelle européenne voire mondiale', 'answer_start': 35}",fr-FR,What stakeholders are involved?
2467,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"167 Conseil économique et social, 2019 : Le transport de marchandises et le secteur de la logistique au Luxembourg – perspectives économiques sectorielles à moyen et long termes dans une optique de durabilité (p. 168 Dans le cadre du projet « Last Mile Delivery » lancé en 2014 il fut constaté que la logistique du dernier kilomètre (« last mile ») était responsable pour 20% du trafic dans les zones urbaines de Luxembourg-Ville et d’Esch-sur-Alzette, alors que ces dernières années on a assisté à une croissance soutenue du commerce électronique. 169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc.","{'text': 'et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales', 'answer_start': 141}",fr-FR,What stakeholders are involved?
2468,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).","{'text': 'et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales', 'answer_start': 51}",fr-FR,What stakeholders are involved?
2469,SGP,Singapore,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Singapore also launched the CAP at this meeting. Chapter 8 | Building International PartnershipsCHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE Partnering ICAO and IMO to reduce international transport emissions Given the transboundary nature of international aviation and maritime transport, ICAO and IMO have taken the lead in addressing international transport emissions on a global basis. Singapore plays an active role at ICAO and IMO in the formulation of strategies and measures to reduce international transport emissions. Addressing international aviation emissions On the aviation front, we support ICAO’s aspirational goals of 2% annual fuel efficiency improvement and carbon neutral growth from 2020.","{'text': 'Given the transboundary nature of international aviation and maritime transport, ICAO and IMO have taken the lead in addressing international transport emissions on a global basis. Singapore plays an active role at ICAO and IMO in the formulation of strategies and measures to reduce international transport emissions.', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2470,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.","{'text': 'cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2471,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"This will support levelling-up and help reinvent high streets as enjoyable places to live, work, visit and spend leisure time. Policies and proposals 14. As the Transport Decarbonisation Plan and this Strategy are implemented, we will continue to consider the views of stakeholders from across the UK. We will engage closely with Devolved Administrations, respecting areas of devolved competency, as we work towards our shared goal of achieving net zero. We will also continue to collaborate with local authorities and other regional bodies to identify and support local solutions. 15. Depending on progress in the sector, at some points additional targeted action maybe be required, such as steps to reduce use of the most polluting cars and tackle urban congestion, to enable these targets to be met.","{'text': 'As the Transport Decarbonisation Plan and this Strategy are implemented, we will continue to consider the views of stakeholders from across the UK', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2472,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"Between March 2020 and April 2021, an extensive stakeholder consultation process was conducted on the basis of a detailed engagement plan. The engagement plan identified relevant stakeholders from across civil society, science, the private sector, development partners and government ministries. Two rounds of dialogues were held involving close to 100 participants. The first dialogue focused on identification of problem statements and policies and measures across three thematic sessions: Energy and transport/agriculture, waste and water resources/coastal zone and disaster risk management and tourism. The second dialogue was concerned with validation of the technical work and prioritization of measures for inclusion in the NDC update.","{'text': 'Two rounds of dialogues were held involving close to 100 participants. The first dialogue focused on identification of problem statements and policies and measures across three thematic sessions: Energy and transport/agriculture, waste and water resources/coastal zone and disaster risk management and tourism', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2473,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"The sector is rapidly growing with annual fossil fuel consumption shown in (Table 19) as well as emissions. Table 19. Average Annual Volume of Fossil fuel used in Maritime Sector77 Vessel No. Gross Tonnage Fuel (MT) e Metric Tons The Department of Marine Administration (DMA) has outlined the following project objectives to reduce fossil fuel consumption and facilitate development of Myanmar‟s future NDCs Source: RTD, MOTC Department of Marine Administration, MoTCtargeting actions associated with GHG emissions reductions in the Inland Marine Sector and for development of a Green Ship Strategy (see Annex V). Similar to the Marine sector, the growing aviation sector means Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.","{'text': 'Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2474,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Similar to the Marine sector, the growing aviation sector means Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation. Engagement will result in better understanding developments in the sector. Hence, Myanmar seeks international technical and financial assistance for public and/or public-private sector engagements in the Aviation sector as a part of its NDC. 3.6.6. Green Cities Planning With regard to the National Spatial Development Framework Plan (2014), Department of Urban Housing and Development (DUHD) under the Ministry of Construction has been developing conceptual town development plans. These development plans are mainstreaming climate change, guided by the Guidelines for Urban Planning78.","{'text': 'Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2475,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Climate-related support Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategyIn the world Paris Agreement Aotearoa is committed to the global implementation of the Paris Agreement, and effective and ambitious global action. We champion environmental integrity and ambition in the rules for implementing the agreement, and the mechanisms that will allow scrutiny and give confidence in Parties’ actions. Read more. Maritime and aviation emissions We are pushing for action to align international maritime and aviation emissions with limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. This includes taking part in the International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these sectors. Multilateral response Developing solutions and sharing best practice We champion international research on measuring and reducing agricultural emissions, by jointly establishing the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases.","{'text': 'We are pushing for action to align international maritime and aviation emissions with limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. This includes taking part in the International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these sectors', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2476,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options. A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders. This include Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC (GoR, 2018a). • Step 2: Assessing the potential. The identified long-list of mitigation options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2030 compared to the BAU baseline projection and their economic costs and benefits. • Step 3: Evaluating the options.","{'text': 'A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders.', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2477,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators)', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What stakeholders are involved?
2478,URY,Uruguay,LTS,P_Stakehol,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Para este sector se plantean escenarios ambiciosos de minimización del enterramiento de residuos sólidos en la senda hacia el 2050. Como instrumento de planificación en el largo plazo, la ECLP facilitará la elaboración e implementación de objetivos y acciones de mediano y corto plazo que se incluirán en las sucesivas CDN de Uruguay, en un proceso como el que se esquematiza en la figura 01. El proceso de elaboración de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinación (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acción climática en Uruguay.","{'text': 'El proceso de elaboración de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinación (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acción climática en Uruguay', 'answer_start': 65}",es-ES,What stakeholders are involved?
2479,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","In terms of heating, China will expedite the central heating of combined power and heat in northern cities and towns, rapidly scale up heating of industrial waste heat, steadily utilize waste heat from nuclear power for heating, and develop clean energy heating including heat pumps, gas, biomass and geothermal energy considering local conditions. 7. Expedite the construction of green and low-carbon transportation system China will accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network, channel energy into multi-modal transportation, and increase the share of railways and waterways in the integrated transportation, constantly reducing the energy consumption and carbon intensity of transportation. At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises.","{'text': 'accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network,', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2480,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles). • To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. • To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT). • To articulate joint approaches to land use planning and transport planning. Decarbonization axis 1: Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. • To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies.","{'text': 'To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2481,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To articulate joint approaches to land use d planning and transport planning. 1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. o To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies. o To design the construction plans. o To prepare international bidding documents for the design, construction and operation phase. o To bid for the concession of the electric train construction • To develop a financial and technical strategy for the construction and commissioning of the Electric Train aligned with a vision of intermodality and sustainable mobility. 1.1.6. C6 To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality.","{'text': 'To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela.', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2482,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.","{'text': 'The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2483,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Rail transport is mainly electrified and/or other alternative fuels are used for the performance of carriage The majority of rail lines are electrified. Electric trains and trains which can be operated using other alternative fuels are used for the carriage of both passengers and freights. Hydrogen or biofuel is mainly used on the non-electrified lines. Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers.","{'text': 'Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2484,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers. • Alternative fuels and energy-efficient solutions for the reduction of fuel consumption are used in water transport GHG emissions in water transport are significantly reduced by using such tools as the hull design (which improves energy efficiency), different economies of scale resulting from capacity and drive solutions, optimum speed, determination of weather conditions and planning, alternative energy sources, and RES. E-fuel, hydrogen, biofuel in pure form or mixed with fossil fuel are used from RES, thus reducing both GHG emissions and environmental load. Electrification of ports reduces emissions from ships standing in ports, thus decreasing the negative impact of ports on the surrounding environment and climate.","{'text': 'Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2485,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• the enforcement and adaptation of registration taxes, in particular with and the enforcement of the 10% tax on luxury vehicles and the integration of a tax on transit vehicles by 2025. • Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector). • Promote diesel particulate filters for road and off-road vehicles. • Continuation of road upgrading and construction. • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.","{'text': 'Continuation of road upgrading and construction.', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2486,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,Convert into new materials and promote products with high added values ● ○ ○ 3. Improve equipment efficiency ● ● ● 4. Promote smart factory and smart industrial complex ◐ ● ◐ 5. Use CCUS ● ◐ ○ 6. Use low-carbon fuels and materials ○ ● ● 7. Reduce emissions from industrial process ● ● ● Buildings 1. Improve building energy efficiency ● ● ○ 2. Supply highly efficient equipment ◐ ● ◐ 3. Promote smart energy management ○ ◐ ◐ 4. Promote renewables and use waste heat ● ◐ ○ Transportation 1. Mix biofuels for road transportation ◐ ● ◐ 2. Promote eco-friendly vehicles and improve average fuel efficiency ● ● ◐ 3. Advance railway system ○ ◐ ○ 4. Advance aviation system ○ ◐ ○ 5. Advance shipping system ○ ◐ ○ 6. Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1.,"{'text': 'Advance railway system', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2487,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"By 2040, our cycling path network will be extended to more than 1,000km from which was introduced in the 2013 Land Transport Master Plan, the Government built 200km of sheltered walkways from transport nodes to homes and public amenities. A further 150km of these covered linkways will be added by 2040. In addition, private developers will have to submit walking and cycling plans as part of development applications. These measures will help facilitate safe and convenient first-and-last mile connections between homes, public amenities and key public transport nodes, therefore encouraging more commuters to walk or cycle as opposed to taking private transport. Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport Singapore will continue to push for public transport, which has the lowest emissions per passenger journey, to be the preferred transport mode.","{'text': 'Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2488,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport Singapore will continue to push for public transport, which has the lowest emissions per passenger journey, to be the preferred transport mode. Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions.","{'text': 'Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2489,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions. We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.","{'text': 'Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station;', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2490,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.","{'text': 'Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station;', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2491,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots', 'answer_start': 131}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2492,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2493,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network', 'answer_start': 296}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2494,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network', 'answer_start': 235}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2495,USA,United States of America,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf,"To support this outcome, the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles, to produce 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, and to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation. This will occur through lower vehicle costs; fuel economy and emissions standards in light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; incentives for zero- emission vehicles and clean fuels; investment in a new charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; scaling up biorefineries; comprehensive innovation investments to reduce hydrogen costs; and investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options. Making progress this decade requires investing in domestic manufacturing and reliable supply chains for clean fuels, batteries, and vehicles.","{'text': 'investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options', 'answer_start': 99}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2496,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': 'Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality', 'answer_start': 141}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2497,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality', 'answer_start': 120}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2498,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': 'Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality', 'answer_start': 152}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2499,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality', 'answer_start': 138}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2500,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovoltaïques à vocation régionale d’une puissance cumulée de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une première phase (Kaya 1 et Koupéla 2). Projet de déploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des ménages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d’une centrale thermique à biomasse- déchets de 10 MW à Ouagadougou.v Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui à la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante "" Mise en place d un système de renouvellement pérenne du parc"". Projet de réalisation de l’interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.","{'text': 'Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.', 'answer_start': 117}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2501,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante. Déchets Conditionnel Projet de récupération du méthane à partir du traitement des eaux usées de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de récupération du méthane issu de l enfouissement des déchets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Projet de construction et d’extension des stations de traitement des eaux usées.","{'text': 'Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2502,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante. Déchets Conditionnel Projet de récupération du méthane à partir du traitement des eaux usées de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de récupération du méthane issu de l enfouissement des déchets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Projet de construction et d’extension des stations de traitement des eaux usées.","{'text': 'Projet de mise en place d’une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et périurbaine lourde de la ville d’Ouagadougou à partir de la ligne existante.', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2503,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 239}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2504,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2505,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2506,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 347}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2507,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.","{'text': 'Rail for freight and passengers', 'answer_start': 309}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2508,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines.","{'text': 'Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées', 'answer_start': 241}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2509,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines. Production d’énergie et engrais organique à partir de déchets solides, eaux usées et boues fécales5 Contribution à l’adaptation 6.1.","{'text': 'Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2510,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"Adaptation Social Inclusion/Early Warning and disaster risk management High Low City-wide resilient infrastructure planning. Integrated water resources management. Adaptation Resilience Building/Social Inclusion Enhance climate services for efficient weather information management. Adaptation Early Warning and disaster risk management Early warning and disaster risk management. Adaptation Early Warning and disaster risk management Build resilience and promote livelihood opportunities for the youth and women in climate- vulnerable Agriculture landscapes and food systems. Adaptation Food and Landscape Restoration/Building Resilience Enhance climate resilience of women and the vulnerable. Adaptation Social Inclusion 500 2.2 High Promote gender-responsive sustainable forest management Mitigation/ Adaptation Food and Landscape Restoration Expansion of inter-and-intra-city transportation modes. Mitigation Smart communities/ Sustainable mobility Promotion of energy efficiency in homes, industry and commerce Mitigation Sustainable Energy Transition Low Low Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC).","{'text': 'Expansion of inter-and-intra-city transportation modes', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2511,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"L’ensemble des mesures ci-dessus représenterait au total 1 160 kTCO2eq /an évitées en 2030 rapport au scenario inconditionnel. Transports Engagement Améliorer l’efficacité du système de transports national Contexte et description de l’engagement La modernisation du parc de véhicules est en cours avec l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 13 ans depuis 2021. Des marges de progression très importantes subsistent pour contrôler et réduire les émissions du transport. Il s’agit aussi de moderniser et développer les transports en commun publics et privés, d’étudier et promouvoir les expérimentations pour une mobilité durable et de développer le transport ferroviaire de personnes et marchandises. De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement.","{'text': 'De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement.', 'answer_start': 101}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2512,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement. Le déploiement du Plan de Développement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour réduire les émissions de CO2 mais aussi améliorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 8 ans à horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en œuvre à l’horizon 2030 de l’interdiction d’importation de véhicules de plus de 5 ans (préconisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).,"{'text': 'De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont à l’étude ou en cours de développement.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2513,IND,India,1st NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf,"Another initiative in this direction is the Sagarmala Project with the objective to augment port-led development and promote efficient transportation of goods. Bharatmala Project which envisions constructing about 5,000 km of road network all along the coastal areas will further provide connectivity to these ports. 4) The vision of Urban Transport policies is to focus on moving ‘people’ rather than ‘vehicles’, in which Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) would play an important role. 5) Around 236 km of metro rail have been made operational in the country. Further, about 550 km are under construction and 600 km under consideration for different cities across the country including Ahmedabad, Pune, and Lucknow.","{'text': 'Constructing about 5,000 km of road network all along the coastal areas', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2514,IDN,Indonesia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf,"• The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b.","{'text': 'Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi.', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2515,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Old diesel locomotive engines continue to be used, with diesel consumptions around 900,000 gallons a month. Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country. Current upgrades will use electric-diesel hybrid locomotives which are 50% more efficient than existing locomotives, and so use less fossil fuel. The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector.","{'text': 'Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2516,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It is targeted at reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030, whereas the projected rise in emissions is projected at over 25times of that value. This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs).","{'text': 'expand rail infrastructure', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2517,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.","{'text': 'expand rail infrastructure', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2518,PAK,Pakistan,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pakistan%20Updated%20NDC%202021.pdf,"Presently under implementation, the project which will also turn cow-dung to methane as a fuel for the metro-line is under implementation. The 30 km metroline would be the world’s first bio- methane hybrid bus fleet where 100% of the fuel demand would be met by biogas. The project will last for an estimated 20 years piloting emission free public transport services. A 40 km Karachi Circular Railway is under development to provide mass transportation while reducing emissions in the city. 9 Net-metering rules allow DISCOs to balance the units consumed by consumer, from the grid, against the excess unit sold to them. With more than 2,300 new licenses issued during July 2019-March 2020, these installations stand at cumulative installed capacity of 47.6 MW in 2019.","{'text': 'A 40 km Karachi Circular Railway is under development to provide mass transportation while reducing emissions in the city.', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2519,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 169}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2520,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2521,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 146}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2522,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 512}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2523,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.","{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 495}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2524,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.,"{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 214}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2525,MKD,Republic of North Macedonia,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.,"{'text': 'Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria', 'answer_start': 202}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2526,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3.","{'text': 'This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2527,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.","{'text': 'Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2528,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines. Waste utilization: ● improvement of industrial waste management; ● improving economic mechanisms in waste management; development of a static accounting system for waste generation, monitoring of waste movement and disposal sites; ● development of innovative technologies and infrastructure in the involvement of waste into economic circulation.4 PLANNING PROCESS: A Information on the planning processes the Party undertook to prepare its NDCs and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including: The enhanced NDCs have been formulated on the basis of the first Biennial Update Report (BUR) and the draft of the Fourth National Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan under the UNFCCC (the Fourth NC of the Republic of Tajikistan will be formally approved tentatively on October 30, 2021).","{'text': 'Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2529,TON,Tonga,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2530,UKR,Ukraine,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Ukraine_LEDS_en.pdf,"For example, provision of rewards, introduction of car vouchers etc. Increase the number of high-speed trains used to carry the same as before number of passenger by railways, it should be underscored, that due to optimized routes and less time required to reach destinations point the park of such trains will be smaller compared to conventional trains More efficient planning of public transport network and routes, which among other things, include better logistics, minimized number of traffic jams in the cities etc…. Improvement of transport system management technologies, including smart system implementation. Introduction of inter -mode load carrying transport technologies.","{'text': 'Increase the number of high-speed trains used to carry the same as before number of passenger by railways, it should be underscored, that due to optimized routes and less time required to reach destinations point the park of such trains will be smaller compared to conventional trains', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2531,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.","{'text': 'a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2532,ARE,United Arab Emirates,1st NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20INDC%20-%2022%20October.pdf,"This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines. The UAE continues to improve the emission standards for new motor vehicles, in accordance with European emission standards, as well as through the introduction of standard labels. These initiatives target both improvements in fuel economy and reduction in local air pollution.","{'text': 'a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2533,URY,Uruguay,LTS,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Sector Transporte Para los subsectores del transporte - fluvial, marítimo y aéreo - no se consideran medidas por lo que su demanda de combustibles se mantiene constante e igual a la del año base para todo el periodo de estudio y para los dos escenarios. Para el sector ferroviario se considera la introducción del ferrocarril central, considerando que operará a capacidad plena en el año 2035.Transporte carretero El parque automotor utilizado como base para realizar las proyecciones es el publicado para los años 2017-2020 por el MIEM que utiliza, como fuente principal de datos, la del Sistema Único de Cobro de Ingresos Vehiculares (Sucive). La metodología utilizada para la elaboración de dicho parque se puede ver junto al parque en el mismo enlace.","{'text': 'Para el sector ferroviario se considera la introducción del ferrocarril central, considerando que operará a capacidad plena en el año 2035.', 'answer_start': 45}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2534,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.","{'text': 'SGR – Standard Gauge Railway', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2535,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Implement 100 km of fully electrified passenger LRT rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Rehabilitation of 634 km of meter gauge railway by 2026 to facilitate modal shift of freight from road to rail. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. SGR – Standard Gauge Railway Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 1,412 km of fully electrified standard gauge rail by 2050.","{'text': 'SGR – Standard Gauge Railway', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2536,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"While making road transport smarter, the UAE is steadfast in its commitment to build a railway network in the country to provide faster and cleaner mobility options. The 1,200 km-long Etihad Rail network is being built in stages, with the 264 km Stage One route operational for freight movement since January 2016. A single train journey on this line removes approximately 300 trucks from the road, reducing CO2 emissions by 70-80%. Stage Two of Etihad Rail is slated to begin operations in 2023 and will extend over 605 km. On completion, the network will link all major UAE industrial ports and trading centers. Further, in the Dubai Metro network, the UAE has a world-class rapid transit rail system.","{'text': 'Stage Two of Etihad Rail is slated to begin operations in 2023 and will extend over 605 km. On completion, the network will link all major UAE industrial ports and trading centers.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2537,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Mejora de la gestión Al menos 3 leyes y 3 Decretos de Aplicación de MAV & MTCT 100.000 100.000del tráfico aéreo, terrestre y marítimo, con inclusión de las reglamentaciones necesarias para la eficaz gestión del subsector y teniendo en cuenta lo estipulado en el Convenio de MARPOL las leyes promulgados al año 2050, que incluyen aspectos de reducción de emisiones GEI. 1.11. Continuación de la modernización de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tráfico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias Producción de al menos: 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI de aviación civil, 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI del transporte terrestre 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI del transporte marítimo MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12.","{'text': 'Continuación de la modernización de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tráfico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias', 'answer_start': 62}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2538,GNQ,Equatorial Guinea,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf,"Continuación de la modernización de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tráfico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias Producción de al menos: 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI de aviación civil, 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI del transporte terrestre 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigación de emisiones GEI del transporte marítimo MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12. Elaboración de los Reglamentos de la Ley de Hidrocarburos y la Ley de Minas 2 reglamentos de Aplicación de las dos leyes promulgados, que integran la reducción de emisiones de GEI. 1.13.","{'text': 'Continuación de la modernización de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tráfico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2539,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Con ello se busca garantizar la soberanía energética de la Nación sobre el litio y demás minerales que resulten estratégicos y necesarios para la transición energética, la innovación tecnológica y el desarrollo nacional. Todo ello en pleno cumplimiento en materia de protección al medio ambiente y de derechos de los pueblos originarios, comunidades indígenas y afromexicanas. Además del impulso a la electromovilidad se fortalecerá la normatividad referente a la eficiencia energética vehicular, tanto de vehículos ligeros como de pesados, para disminuir la huella de carbono del parque vehicular, y fomentar la transición hacia vehículos más eficientes, así como el fomento de programas de transporte limpio. Entre las medidas necesarias, en adición a las nuevas tecnologías eléctricas y la normativa, México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional.","{'text': 'México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional.', 'answer_start': 119}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2540,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,S_Infraexpansion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Entre las medidas necesarias, en adición a las nuevas tecnologías eléctricas y la normativa, México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energética al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| PÁG. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.","{'text': 'México contempla la expansión y rehabilitación de la red ferroviaria nacional.', 'answer_start': 14}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2541,CHN,China,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","In terms of heating, China will expedite the central heating of combined power and heat in northern cities and towns, rapidly scale up heating of industrial waste heat, steadily utilize waste heat from nuclear power for heating, and develop clean energy heating including heat pumps, gas, biomass and geothermal energy considering local conditions. 7. Expedite the construction of green and low-carbon transportation system China will accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network, channel energy into multi-modal transportation, and increase the share of railways and waterways in the integrated transportation, constantly reducing the energy consumption and carbon intensity of transportation. At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises.","{'text': 'channel energy into multi-modal transportation,', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2542,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA. • To reorganize public transport routes; set trunk lines into operation in exclusive lanes. • To modernize the concession scheme for 2021, which will reward efficient and decarbonized service provision. • To develop a profitable and innovative financial model that promotes efficiency and transparency in the service operation. 1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. • To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles).","{'text': 'To adopt measures that promote intermodality', 'answer_start': 97}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2543,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. o To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi-bicycles). o To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. o To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actors MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Users Bank MIVAH IFAM MOPT CTP Central Bank INCOFER ARESEP Operators MOPT CTP INCOFER IFAM MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Usuarios 1. Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes.","{'text': 'To adopt measures that promote intermodality', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2544,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"64Co-modality – combining of one or several modes of transport in order to use resources in an optimum and sustainable manner.Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 43 been created, introducing green infrastructure solutions in urban environment. Mainly railway is used in intercity carriage because it uses less energy per passenger-kilometre than road transport. The public transport is conveniently linked to the international transport (connections with airports and ports). The sharing culture has been developed, allowing to use vehicles individually or jointly for a specific fee. • Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage The link-up of road transport with the rail and port infrastructures has reduced the fuel consumption and GHG emissions from road transport.","{'text': 'The public transport is conveniently linked to the international transport (connections with airports and ports).', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2545,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"64Co-modality – combining of one or several modes of transport in order to use resources in an optimum and sustainable manner.Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 43 been created, introducing green infrastructure solutions in urban environment. Mainly railway is used in intercity carriage because it uses less energy per passenger-kilometre than road transport. The public transport is conveniently linked to the international transport (connections with airports and ports). The sharing culture has been developed, allowing to use vehicles individually or jointly for a specific fee. • Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage The link-up of road transport with the rail and port infrastructures has reduced the fuel consumption and GHG emissions from road transport.","{'text': 'Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2546,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage The link-up of road transport with the rail and port infrastructures has reduced the fuel consumption and GHG emissions from road transport. Electric trains allow for faster and cheaper delivery of freights to logistics centres which are connected to carriers of the local government level. A developed port infrastructure allows for efficient servicing of the incoming freight ships. Logistics algorithms are widely used for planning of routes. The use of multi- modal carriage65 allows to choose the most optimal and environmentally friendly mode of transport in individual distances.","{'text': 'Freight carriage is performed using an interlinked, efficient, and smart transport system, as well as multi-modal carriage', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2547,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.","{'text': 'A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2548,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia. • Design a transport interchange hub program by 2025. 3 For an in-depth analysis and justification of the NDC measures for the transport sector please see “Transport sector sectoral analysis and revised NDCs, Long Term Technical Assistance (LTTA) to the EPA of Liberia, EU-Liberia Climate Change Alliance+; April 2021” 4 BAU emissions from transport sector in 2030 are estimated at 324.96 Gg CO2 e• Review of the institutional framework by 2025. • Setting up of a sustainable transport policy by 2025. INDUSTRY Mitigation Actions and Policy Measures • Implement a Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) tax for regulating the consumption of fluorinated gases in the air conditioning and refrigeration sector.","{'text': 'Design a transport interchange hub program by 2025.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2549,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2550,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales.","{'text': 'Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)', 'answer_start': 35}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2551,MAR,Morocco,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"La localisation des activités et en particulier des locaux tertiaires, auxquels seront attachés un nombre croissant d’emplois, sera aussi très importante pour les flux de transport, en particulier les flux quotidiens pendulaires. Afin que les flux de transport soient maîtrisés, tous les réseaux de transport doivent être développés dans une logique intégrée « transports – usages des sols » et ce aux différentes échelles territoriales. C’est une condition pour, d’une part, contrôler la croissance de la demande, et d’autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes « actifs » et « collectifs », dans le cadre d’approches multimodales. Un exemple d’approche intégrée est donné dans le schéma fonctionnel du modèle TRANUS. 4.8.3.","{'text': 'C’est une condition pour, d’une part, contrôler la croissance de la demande, et d’autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes « actifs » et « collectifs », dans le cadre d’approches multimodales. Un exemple d’approche intégrée est donné dans le schéma fonctionnel du modèle TRANUS.', 'answer_start': 65}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2552,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2553,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2554,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.","{'text': 'Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2555,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"The Federal Council approved the report ""Voraussetzungen für ein Schnellladenetz für Elektroautos auf Nationalstrassen"" (Requirements for a fast-charging network for electric vehicles on national highways) on 28 June 2017. The report outlines how the set-up of a fast- charging network can be driven forward. In addition to future drive systems, traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.","{'text': 'traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2556,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys. Great British Railways set out a transformation in how people will pay for their journeys, to encourage a shift to rail and cleaner, greener journeys. Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure, will be introduced to support healthier greener journeys. Great British Railways will encourage more rail freight by providing the right conditions for industry growth, with better coordination, modern contracts, and new safeguards. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyCars, vans, motorcycles, and scooters 26. We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030. From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe.","{'text': 'Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2557,CHN,China,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.","{'text': 'Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2558,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Le troisième programme consiste à boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d’assurer la production et l’utilisation durable de bois de chauffe à travers les foyers améliorés. D. Transport : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des déchets : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation.","{'text': 'promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.', 'answer_start': 72}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2559,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines.","{'text': 'Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées', 'answer_start': 241}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2560,COD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf,"; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées ; (iv) Nombre d’unités de montage de véhicules neufs à faibles émissions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture Sédentariser l’agriculture Promotion des itinéraires techniques visant la sédentarisation des agriculteurs particulièrement dans les zones forestières, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d’ha des périmètres irrigués aménagés et équipés (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coopératives paysannes établies ; (iii) Nombre d’agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jachères, et l’utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Intégration de l’agriculture dans le plan national d’aménagement du territoire, développé dans la mise en œuvre de la Existence de : - la politique d’aménagement du territoire ; - un plan national d’aménagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD stratégie REDD+ Promotion de l’agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les forêts naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d’ha de terres à usage agricole intensif aménagés (ii) Nombre des ménages agricoles utilisant les des déchets et des sous-produits de l’élevage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d’une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour préserver les conditions agroécologiques en vue d’assurer la stabilité du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivrière (glucides, oléagineux, légumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD forêt dégradée Intensification de la production agricole de rente en forêt secondaire et en savane, mais avec des systèmes durables agroforestiers (cacao, café, bananier, cultures spéciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures pérennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosaïques savanes- forêts Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an Développement de l élevage intensif - Nombre de fermes et systèmes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts Promotion des techniques d’afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de préserver les forêts - 760 milles ha de forêts restaurés - 15% de 7 millions d’ha d’aires marginales reboisées e (soit Appui au développement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversité et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d’exploitation forestière à impact réduit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbières utilisées en agriculture et en élevage Superficie des zones humides mis en défens et/ou restaurée Valorisation des outils MEOR (Méthodologie pour l Évaluation des Opportunités de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) à l’échelle nationale en y intégrant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversité autour des aires protégées Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des forêts Renforcement de la gouvernance forestière, notamment la lutte contre l’exploitation illégale du bois d’œuvre et autres ressources forestières en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de répression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des études, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en œuvre des différents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l’exploitation de bois d œuvre Gestion durable et réhabilitation des exploitations minières et pétrolières Superficie des anciennes exploitations minières et pétrolières réhabilitées/restaurées conformément au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en défens ; - Existence de systèmes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et évaluation des tourbières Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbières Déchets Améliorer l accès aux services de gestion des déchets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et légal pour la gestion de déchets Existence de textes légaux règlementant la gestion de déchets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des déchets Valoriser les déchets valorisation énergétique des déchets (réduction des émissions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la récupération des gaz de décharge - Nombre des ménages ayant accès à cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de déchargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage aérobie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de récupération d énergie et autres que le gaz de décharges dans différentes zones urbaines. Production d’énergie et engrais organique à partir de déchets solides, eaux usées et boues fécales5 Contribution à l’adaptation 6.1.","{'text': 'Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routière, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/réhabilitées', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2561,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"Additionally, the Government will promote the use of micro mobility vehicles that enables energy efficient transportation according to various needs of all generations. The Government will also take measures to improve services and convenience with new mobility services and to achieve seamless public transportation with:- 47 - improving public transport such as railways; improving connection between transport modes through public-private partnership for development of transport hubs (modal connectiveness); utilizing existing public transport; computerization; improvements in transfer points, introducing park and ride, and; Mobility as a Service (MaaS). e. Logistics revolution The Government will facilitate the modal shift from automobile transportation to coastal shipping or rail transportation to reduce CO2 emission and measure labor shortage in the logistics.","{'text': 'improving public transport such as railways; improving connection between transport modes through public-private partnership for development of transport hubs (modal connectiveness); utilizing existing public transport; computerization; improvements in transfer points, introducing park and ride,', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2562,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"Potential Measures and Next Steps Area Measure Feasibility Assessment Pilot Actions Transportation Land Efficiency Improvements Inventory current vehicle stock and efficiency level. Examine current efficiency standards on RMI, higher US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and available technologies to determine further action (higher standards, cash for clunkers, better efficiency standard enforcement, better maintenance/ catalytic converter enforcement, etc.). Electric Vehicles Continue electric vehicles’ pilots, especially examining market barriers, and/or maintenance issues. Multi-modal initiatives: Regular Island Shuttles; Electric Bikes Take a deeper look at citizens’ transportation needs, mapping total trips per year and mode (air, sea, car, bike, walking, etc.). Assess the frequency, timing, and purpose of these trips to see whether/what form of public transportation and/or bicycling programs may make sense. Figure 10: Land based transport – potential measures and next stepsKey Assumptions 111.","{'text': 'Multi-modal initiatives: Regular Island Shuttles', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2563,PRY,Paraguay,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf,"Las contribuciones del Paraguay están ajustadas a las circunstancias nacionales presentes y los objetivos a largo plazo fijados en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, así como el apoyo en el financiamiento y la cooperación tecnológica internacional. Paraguay es un país que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio climático, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estratégicos vinculados a cambio climático en tanto para la mitigación y la adaptación.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo económico, social y ambiental y los que están vinculados al cambio climático son los siguientes;  Transporte multimodal eficiente  Control efectivo de la deforestación  Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono  Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual.","{'text': 'transporte multimodal eficiente', 'answer_start': 107}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2564,PRY,Paraguay,Updated NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf,"Paraguay es un país que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio climático, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estratégicos vinculados a cambio climático en tanto para la mitigación y la adaptación.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo económico, social y ambiental y los que están vinculados al cambio climático son los siguientes;  Transporte multimodal eficiente  Control efectivo de la deforestación  Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono  Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual.  Aumentar los ingresos nacionales por la venta de servicios ambientales (créditos por sumideros de carbono).  Aumentar la cobertura de áreas forestales y biomasa protegida (% de cobertura forestal y % ponderado por biomasas globales).","{'text': 'transporte multimodal eficiente', 'answer_start': 71}",es-ES,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2565,UKR,Ukraine,LTS,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Ukraine_LEDS_en.pdf,"Introduction of inter -mode load carrying transport technologies. Policy which aims to improve railway infrastructure and infrastructure of inland water ways to promote wider use of railways and water transport Stimulation of modernization the water and river ports in order to incentivize implementation of more energy efficient technologies, and take energy saving measures throughout the entire technological chain Development of highly efficient cogeneration at local and regional level № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Development of highly efficient cogeneration Increase in general fuel usage efficiency and reduction in GHG emissions under combined generation of heat and electricity by TPP at local and regional levelSupport to energy accumulation technologies implementation № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Support to energy accumulation technologies implementation To support development and implementation of energy accumulation technologies by way of subsidies, tariff compensation and other financial incentives Development of hydrogen production technologies № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Development of hydrogen production technologies Provision of incentives on development and implementation of hydrogen production technologies and efficient technologies for storage of electricity in the form of hydrogen 4.1.4.","{'text': 'Introduction of inter -mode load carrying transport technologies. Policy which aims to improve railway infrastructure and infrastructure of inland water ways to promote wider use of railways and water transport', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2566,CRI,Costa Rica,1st NDC,S_Intermodality,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Costa%20Rica%20Version%202%200%20final%20ENG.pdf,"Public Transportation needs to improve its fleet composition as well as its working design. This can be accomplished through an Integrated Public Transportation system where routes are improved, train service strengthened, and availability of non-motorized transportation enhanced, etc. Costa Rica has made the intercity electric train a priority, which will provide a significant contribution to the country’s emission mitigation goals, creating new employment and low emissions mobility. It is necessary to improve the freight sector through multi-modal options. This will require an ambitious investment portfolio in sustainable transportation over the coming decades. The Costa Rican Agricultural sector is the second highest sector in compound emissions due to its Nitrous Oxide and Methane production.","{'text': 'Improve the freight sector through multi-modal options', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
2567,CHN,China,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf","At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises. Green logistics will be developed speedily, transport resources will be optimized and the overall utilization efficiency will be advanced. Measures will be taken for expediting vehicles and vessels that are powered by new energy and clean energy, popularizing intelligent transportation, pushing forward the electrification of railways, giving impetus to constructing hydrogen filling stations, and normalizing the utilization of shore-end cable for vessels at ports. China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap.","{'text': 'popularizing intelligent transportation,', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2568,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, it is necessary not only to take measures against automobiles alone, but also to strengthen the combined measures of “Avoid” (reducing unnecessary traffic congestion, etc. ), “Shift” (switching to modes of transportation with low carbon emission intensity, such as by promoting the use of public transportation and modal shift), and “Improve” (technological innovation such as digital technologies including AI, IoT, and big data, and creation of new services using new technologies). In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion.","{'text': 'In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2569,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.","{'text': 'In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2570,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will strive to raise awareness about the functions of electrified vehicles as a mobile power source in times of disaster. d. Measures for road traffic flow from both structural and non-structural perspectives The Government will promote initiatives such as pinpointing congestion bottlenecks based on scientific analysis of big data obtained by using ETC2.0, which enables bi-directional transmission and reception of large amounts of information and understanding of route information. The Government will also proceed with considering the introduction of comprehensive traffic congestion countermeasures, including toll measures to adjust traffic demand using ICT and AI.","{'text': 'The Government will promote initiatives such as pinpointing congestion bottlenecks based on scientific analysis of big data obtained by using ETC2.0', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2571,LVA,Latvia,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"The use of multi- modal carriage65 allows to choose the most optimal and environmentally friendly mode of transport in individual distances. • Road infrastructure corresponds to the latest transport trends, integrating intelligent transport systems A unified and modern road network is ensured, allowing for safe and fast movement in the territory of Latvia and equipped with such charging/filling infrastructure of vehicles which has been integrated into the European transport system and conveniently allows continuation of the travel outside the country. The use of intelligent transport systems both in the infrastructure and vehicles themselves allows for the reduction of GHG emissions, concurrently improving traffic safety. The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information.","{'text': 'The use of intelligent transport systems both in the infrastructure and vehicles themselves allows for the reduction of GHG emissions, concurrently improving traffic safety. The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2572,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).","{'text': 'Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ;', 'answer_start': 99}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2573,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.","{'text': 'Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ;', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2574,ESP,Spain,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidrógeno renovable, importante vector energético para contribuir a la descarbonización. ▶ La digitalización e innovación permitirá un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energéticos. ▶ La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte.","{'text': 'La digitalización e innovación permitirá un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energéticos.', 'answer_start': 26}",es-ES,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2575,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)","{'text': 'Introduce intelligent transport management systems', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2576,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Introduce intelligent transport management systems', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2577,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': 'Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service', 'answer_start': 200}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2578,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service', 'answer_start': 179}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2579,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': 'Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service', 'answer_start': 211}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2580,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service', 'answer_start': 197}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2581,DEU,Germany,LTS,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"Digitisation strategy for the transport sector The German government is advocating for a clear regulatory framework at national, European and inter- national level and is driving forward the development of common standards. In view of the digitisation of all areas of life, the government intends to develop a digit- isation strategy for the transport sector, which includes exploiting the potential for reducing greenhouse gases as far as possible. It will explore how this can take place in connection with work to make its digital agenda more specific. In addition to this, standards for smart roads are to be trialled and conclusions drawn about how road infrastructure can be designed in a way that is pioneering and ensures it is fit for purpose.","{'text': 'It will explore how this can take place in connection with work to make its digital agenda more specific. In addition to this, standards for smart roads are to be trialled', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2582,AZE,Azerbaijan,1st NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Azerbaijan.pdf,"The use of alternative and renewable energy sources Development and application of technical and normative legal documents on the use of alternative and renewable energy sources based on conducted assessment, acceleration of works to supply of renewable energy for the heating system for the population, enhancement of use of innovative technologies, construction of small hydro power plants (HPPs) on small rivers, irrigation canals and water basins, as well as, use of biomass, solar power, electric and heat energy, wind power, heat pumps and geothermal energy in all sectors of economy. Transport sector Use of environmentally friendly forms of transport, enhancement of the use of electric vehicles at public transportation, electrification of railway lines and the transition to alternative current system in traction, improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system, development of metro transport and increase of a number of metro stations, elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions and underground and surface pedestrian crossings.","{'text': 'Improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system', 'answer_start': 122}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2583,AZE,Azerbaijan,1st NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Azerbaijan.pdf,"Transport sector Use of environmentally friendly forms of transport, enhancement of the use of electric vehicles at public transportation, electrification of railway lines and the transition to alternative current system in traction, improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system, development of metro transport and increase of a number of metro stations, elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions and underground and surface pedestrian crossings. Agricultural sector Collect methane gas from manure of livestock and poultry, use of alternative sources of energy and modern technologies. Waste sector Develop modern solid waste management system at big cities of the country.","{'text': 'Improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2584,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems', 'answer_start': 131}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2585,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,I_ITS,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2586,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Aplicativo web interactivo en información de adaptación del sector industria que favorezca el fortalecimiento de una red de trabajo empresarial en torno a la adaptación. X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciación red vial terciaria Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para el análisis, intervención y seguimiento de los tramos donde se están implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptación y/o gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciación red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Férreo Georreferenciación red férrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo móvil Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo móvil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevención, en la construcción de históricos y la generación de variables para el cálculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptación.","{'text': 'Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales', 'answer_start': 41}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2587,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciación red vial terciaria Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para el análisis, intervención y seguimiento de los tramos donde se están implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptación y/o gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciación red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Férreo Georreferenciación red férrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo móvil Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo móvil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevención, en la construcción de históricos y la generación de variables para el cálculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptación. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, Férreo Desarrollo web para consulta de información Mejorar el repositorio de información de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento rápido y un buen desempeño para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.","{'text': 'Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales', 'answer_start': 16}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2588,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Donación NO SI Creación de instrumentos financieros y no financieros para la valuación de oportunidades en materia de recursos pecuniarios otorgados a las empresas para adaptabilidad climática. MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y férreo Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementación del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donación SI SI Se obtendrá un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicación geográfica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptación y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el país.","{'text': 'Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente', 'answer_start': 33}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2589,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y férreo Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementación del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donación SI SI Se obtendrá un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicación geográfica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptación y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el país. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos.","{'text': 'Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente', 'answer_start': 6}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2590,COL,Colombia,LTS,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"e. Entre el 80 % y 100 % de los centros de investi- gación y pensamiento, públicos y privados, están fortalecidos para la generación de conocimiento sobre cambio climático a nivel nacional y regional. Aumento en el conocimiento para apoyar la gestión del riesgo por cam- bio climático y así reducir los daños y pérdidas en las infraestructuras vitales (viviendas, edificaciones es- colares y hospitalarias), en los ser- vicios básicos (agua y energía), las telecomunicaciones y en las infrae- structuras de energía y transporte a. Sistemas de monitoreo climático y alertas tempranas con participación y liderazgo de las comunidades locales y funcionando entre el 80 % y 100 % de los municipios del país. b. Consolidación de sistemas de infor- mación que articulen el conocimiento en- torno al riesgo de los diferentes sectores, personas y territorios (ejemplo, SIIVRA).","{'text': 'Sistemas de monitoreo climático y alertas tempranas con participación', 'answer_start': 85}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2591,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"surface access to airports) as well as the maritime sector. Introduce maritime weather stations in ports to record trends of major parameters Develop port weather stations and data collection buoys to collect information in relation to the major sea climate parameters, such as sea temperature, sea level rise and wave strength. Improvement of Harbour Wave Climate Harbour Wave Climate refers to wave parameters (e.g. height, strength) over a period, within a harbour. Such climate can be improved through measures such as breakwaters (new and upgrades) and installing rip rap breakwaters, amongst others, to make operation of ports more viable.","{'text': 'Introduce maritime weather stations in ports to record trends of major parameters', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2592,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2593,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2594,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 1069}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2595,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 789}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2596,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 789}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2597,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 321}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2598,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Disaster risk monitoring', 'answer_start': 299}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2599,TON,Tonga,LTS,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"GHG Reduction Potential: This action does not have direct GHG reduction potential. There may be indirect contributions to GHG emission reductions. Description: While the Road Maintenance Fund is operational and major defects and damages to road infrastructure are being repaired and rectified, there is a need for more systematic monitoring and maintenance of transportation assets in Tongatapu and beyond. Training for staff and the public to monitor and report defects for timely repairs as well as resourcing local teams to carry out regular maintenance works can extend the lifespan of road infrastructure at lower cost. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Costed maintenance plan for all public infrastructure. Location: Tongatapu, ‘Eua, Ha’apai, Vava’u, Niuas. Timeline: None. Principles: Autonomy. Links to Second NDC: None. Links to other mitigation sectors: Transport – Road infrastructure on larger islands will be regularly maintained.","{'text': 'there is a need for more systematic monitoring and maintenance of transportation assets in Tongatapu and beyond', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2600,SSD,South Sudan,1st NDC,R_Monitoring,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan%20Intended%20Nationally%20Determined%20%20%20%20Contribution.pdf,"At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change. 36. To support decision-making for climate change adaptation, South Sudan will implement actions to assemble, analyze, predict and disseminate climate information through improve climate monitoring and data management systems. Based on this, the relevant data and information will be used to develop early warning systems and inform appropriate responses to extreme climatic events. Capacity Building and Transfer of Technology 37. South Sudan will encourage innovations in technologies which are appropriate to climate change at all levels and the inclusion of climate change issues in the national curriculum.","{'text': 'Based on this, the relevant data and information will be used to develop early warning systems and inform appropriate responses to extreme climatic events.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2601,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Aplicativo web interactivo en información de adaptación del sector industria que favorezca el fortalecimiento de una red de trabajo empresarial en torno a la adaptación. X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciación red vial terciaria Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para el análisis, intervención y seguimiento de los tramos donde se están implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptación y/o gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciación red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Férreo Georreferenciación red férrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo móvil Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo móvil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevención, en la construcción de históricos y la generación de variables para el cálculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptación.","{'text': 'Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre', 'answer_start': 138}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2602,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciación red vial terciaria Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para el análisis, intervención y seguimiento de los tramos donde se están implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptación y/o gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciación red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Férreo Georreferenciación red férrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo móvil Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo móvil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevención, en la construcción de históricos y la generación de variables para el cálculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptación. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, Férreo Desarrollo web para consulta de información Mejorar el repositorio de información de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento rápido y un buen desempeño para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.","{'text': 'Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre', 'answer_start': 113}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2603,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciación red vial terciaria Georreferenciación como aspecto fundamental para el análisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localización de la información de mapa y adecuada fusión y comparación de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de imágenes satelitales para el análisis, intervención y seguimiento de los tramos donde se están implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptación y/o gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciación red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Férreo Georreferenciación red férrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo móvil Aplicaciones móviles diseñados para ser ejecutados en teléfonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar información relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptación al Cambio Climático, con el menor índice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo móvil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevención, en la construcción de históricos y la generación de variables para el cálculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptación. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, Férreo Desarrollo web para consulta de información Mejorar el repositorio de información de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento rápido y un buen desempeño para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.","{'text': 'Desarrollo web para consulta de información', 'answer_start': 206}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2604,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, Férreo Desarrollo web para consulta de información Mejorar el repositorio de información de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento rápido y un buen desempeño para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario. x x Software Android y IOS Consulta de datos y de información a grupos de valor interesados.","{'text': 'Desarrollo web para consulta de información', 'answer_start': 4}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2605,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Este porcentaje debe ser evaluado en función del resultado de la Encuesta Ambiental Industrial. Aumentar la participación de empresas en los sectores priorizados que implementan estrategias, acciones o proyectos de adaptación al cambio climático.ACTUALIZACIÓN NDC COLOMBIA - 2020 17 Meta y sector Objetivo ODS relacionados Alineación con Marco de Sendai Dimensión de la TCNCC Transporte implementadas para mejorar los sistemas de Información geográfica de la infraestructura de transporte para la gestión del riesgo. Fortalecer la gobernanza (eficacia, calidad, buena orientación en las intervenciones del sector) de la gestión del riesgo de desastres y la adaptación del cambio climático en las instituciones del sector transporte a nivel central y territorial según sus competencias, incluyendo la mejora de los sistemas de información geográfica de la infraestructura de transporte. Transporte 13.","{'text': 'la mejora de los sistemas de información geográfica de la infraestructura de transporte', 'answer_start': 113}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2606,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Fortalecer la gobernanza (eficacia, calidad, buena orientación en las intervenciones del sector) de la gestión del riesgo de desastres y la adaptación del cambio climático en las instituciones del sector transporte a nivel central y territorial según sus competencias, incluyendo la mejora de los sistemas de información geográfica de la infraestructura de transporte. Transporte 13. Dos (2) documentos de lineamientos técnicos elaborados para realizar estudios de riesgo para la infraestructura de transporte. Ampliar el conocimiento del territorio, los factores del riesgo y del cambio climático que inciden en los diferentes modos de transporte. Transporte 14. Política para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptación al Cambio Climático - ACC formulada para el sector. Incluir la gestión del riesgo de desastres y la adaptación del cambio climático en los instrumentos de planificación y desarrollo del sector transporte.","{'text': 'la mejora de los sistemas de información geográfica de la infraestructura de transporte', 'answer_start': 40}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2607,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Durante el período de implementación de esta contribución, el país incorporará criterios de adaptación al cambio climático en normas y lineamientos para la inversión pública, de manera que se asegure su robustez ante impactos climáticos. 4.4. Al 2030, se habrán desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptación, esfuerzos de articulación institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protección de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios públicos vitales (salud, educación, agua y saneamiento, energía, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos.","{'text': 'Al 2030, se habrán desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptación, esfuerzos de articulación institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protección de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios públicos vitales (salud, educación, agua y saneamiento, energía, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos', 'answer_start': 36}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2608,CRI,Costa Rica,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf,"Al 2030, se habrán desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptación, esfuerzos de articulación institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protección de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios públicos vitales (salud, educación, agua y saneamiento, energía, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos. SOLUCIONES BASADAS EN LA NATURALEza PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro marco de sendai COMUNIDADES AFRO marco de sendai PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCIÓN Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Convenio Diversidad biológica convenio contra LA desertificación Transición justa Transición justa marco de sendai Transición justaContribución Nacionalmente Determinada Costa Rica se compromete a apoyar la evolución de los modelos económicos de sus sectores productivos a modelos más eficientes, bajos o cero emisiones, circulares, resilientes y sostenibles.","{'text': 'Al 2030, se habrán desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptación, esfuerzos de articulación institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protección de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios públicos vitales (salud, educación, agua y saneamiento, energía, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2609,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods. Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas. Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding. Improve and enhance public transport services. Implementation of Adaptation Actions In Liberia, many sectoral policies have not mainstreamed the impacts of climate change. These include energy, hydrology/meteorology, health, transport and disaster. An overarching climate change policy is currently being developed which will serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans.","{'text': 'Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas.', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2610,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"b) Promoting climate resilient human settlements development. Health a) Promoting climate-resilient public health system. b) Improving early warning systems for climate-sensitive disease outbreaks. c) Strengthening monitoring, climate sensitive diseases surveillance and reporting systems. d) Promoting vulnerability and risk assessment of climate change risks on human health. a) Promoting climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for energy, transport, water supply, health, and other relevant sectors. b) Promoting the use of climate service during the designing and development of new infrastructure. 10 FYDPII includes the expected result of “Climate change impacts on key infrastructure and settlements addressed by 2020” (p. 170).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 12 c) Mainstreaming of climate change in the engineering and architecture curricula. d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.","{'text': 'Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2611,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Inform,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure. Disaster Risk Reduction a) Promoting integrated disaster risk management. b) Strengthening early warning systems for extreme weather events and other climate-related hazards. c) Enhancing emergency response capacities in line with climate risk profiles. d) Promoting public awareness on managing disaster risks. Gender Mainstreaming a) Enhancing gender equity in climate change adaptation actions. b) Promoting measures to address negative impacts of climate change on young people, women, old and other groups facing inequality, including people with disabilities. Capacity Building a) Building internal capacity for climate modeling in terms of training and acquisition of technology. b) Building internal capacity for national adaptation and mitigation cost analysis.","{'text': 'Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2612,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Diseñar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio climático al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática.","{'text': 'Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento', 'answer_start': 26}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2613,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática. Los procesos de cocreación de las metodologías a través de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitará contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificación de impactos y su posterior aplicación y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.","{'text': 'Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento', 'answer_start': 5}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2614,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Construct hard structures such as sea walls or revetment. Manage and conserve coastal mangrove ecosystem. Facilitate technology transfer and training of institutional and local experts in coastal zone management and monitoring.Fishery Strengthen institutional and local capacity and monitoring systems for fishery management. Develop and implement climate smart fishery systems to enhance the adaptive capacity and resilience of fisher communities. Identification and conservation of endangered fish species. Transport/Infrastructure Implement and reinforce design standards and planning codes for roads and other infrastructure to cope with flooding, sea level rise and windstorm. Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods.","{'text': 'Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2615,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods. Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas. Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding. Improve and enhance public transport services. Implementation of Adaptation Actions In Liberia, many sectoral policies have not mainstreamed the impacts of climate change. These include energy, hydrology/meteorology, health, transport and disaster. An overarching climate change policy is currently being developed which will serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans.","{'text': 'Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2616,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2617,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2618,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 1114}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2619,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 834}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2620,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 834}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2621,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 311}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2622,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Establish an integrated early warning system', 'answer_start': 289}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2623,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"b) Promoting climate resilient human settlements development. Health a) Promoting climate-resilient public health system. b) Improving early warning systems for climate-sensitive disease outbreaks. c) Strengthening monitoring, climate sensitive diseases surveillance and reporting systems. d) Promoting vulnerability and risk assessment of climate change risks on human health. a) Promoting climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for energy, transport, water supply, health, and other relevant sectors. b) Promoting the use of climate service during the designing and development of new infrastructure. 10 FYDPII includes the expected result of “Climate change impacts on key infrastructure and settlements addressed by 2020” (p. 170).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 12 c) Mainstreaming of climate change in the engineering and architecture curricula. d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.","{'text': 'Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2624,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure. Disaster Risk Reduction a) Promoting integrated disaster risk management. b) Strengthening early warning systems for extreme weather events and other climate-related hazards. c) Enhancing emergency response capacities in line with climate risk profiles. d) Promoting public awareness on managing disaster risks. Gender Mainstreaming a) Enhancing gender equity in climate change adaptation actions. b) Promoting measures to address negative impacts of climate change on young people, women, old and other groups facing inequality, including people with disabilities. Capacity Building a) Building internal capacity for climate modeling in terms of training and acquisition of technology. b) Building internal capacity for national adaptation and mitigation cost analysis.","{'text': 'Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2625,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UpdateNDC-EN-2022.pdf,"Other critical impacts include but are not limited to increased infrastructure maintenance costs, loss of business opportunities due to transport disruptions, and reduced reliability of buildings and transport infrastructure. Supplemented by coastal zoning and monitoring, urban masterplans that lay guidelines for the operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure, and the design and construction of planned infrastructure serve as a foundation for effective adaptation plans for the UAE infrastructure sector. Across the country, green building design and construction is being promoted, existing buildings and facilities are being refurbished, and flood monitoring and management systems are being enhanced. Public infrastructure is being continuously upgraded to harness the benefits of new technologies and practices. Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.","{'text': 'Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2626,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UpdateNDC-EN-2022.pdf,"Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans. Even while the UAE climate-proofs its infrastructure and communities, relevant contingency and disaster response plans are being put in place to ensure preparedness for emergencies and to maintain continued access to infrastructure services. Response plans are designed in conjunction with women, youth, and at-risk groups, and reflect the needs of all individuals. Health The impacts of climate change on human health vary in scale and complexity – either with direct exposure to extreme weather events or indirectly through the impacts of climate change on air quality and water supply.","{'text': 'Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2627,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"Supplemented by coastal zoning and monitoring, urban masterplans that lay guidelines for operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure, and design and construction of planned infrastructure, are serving as a foundation for effective adaptation plans for the UAE infrastructure sector. Across the UAE, green building design andconstruction is being promoted, minimum requirements for protection of new coastal developments from sea level rise are being set, existing buildings and facilities are being refurbished, and flood monitoring and management systems are being enhanced. Public infrastructure is being continuously upgraded and enhanced to harness benefits of new technologies and practices. Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.","{'text': 'Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2628,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Warning,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans. Even while the UAE climate proofs its infrastructure and communities, relevant contingency and disaster response plans are being put in place to ensure preparedness for emergencies and to maintain continued access to infrastructure services. 3.3. Public Health The effects of climate change on human health occur in varying degrees of scale and complexity – either with direct exposure to extreme weather events or indirectly through climate change’s impact on air quality and water supply.","{'text': 'Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2629,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Diseñar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio climático al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática.","{'text': 'Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 172}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2630,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática. Los procesos de cocreación de las metodologías a través de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitará contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificación de impactos y su posterior aplicación y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.","{'text': 'Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 151}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2631,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y férreo Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementación del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donación SI SI Se obtendrá un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicación geográfica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptación y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el país. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos.","{'text': 'Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 175}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2632,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Asistencia técnica para la construcción de la Política para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptación al cambio climático - ACC del sector.","{'text': 'Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 90}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2633,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"Diseñar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio climático al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática.","{'text': 'Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 153}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2634,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, Férreo, Aéreo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podrá disponer de información a mejor escala (escala más local) para proporcionar variables climatológicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodologías en desarrollo para análisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundación (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACIÓN/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES Número de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector Título (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripción del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, aéreo Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia técnica para la estructuración de una metodológica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visión holística que exige la temática. Los procesos de cocreación de las metodologías a través de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitará contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificación de impactos y su posterior aplicación y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.","{'text': 'Generación de lineamientos técnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y aéreo) y una Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera', 'answer_start': 132}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2635,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"These studies will possibly include the identification of the best- suited sustainable urban drainage systems for the Maltese Islands, more specifically infrastructure developments that employ design techniques to reduce water run-off as much as possible. Table 10: Adaptation measures – water resources B. Infrastructure and Transport Title of Measure Description Energy Efficiency Standards (infrastructure) Support EE standards for infrastructure, through both legislation and economic incentives. EE measures relate to both mitigation and adaptation.Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy Study on green infrastructure in Malta A study to identify a list of different possible green features (e.g.","{'text': 'Study on green infrastructure in Malta', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2636,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"EE measures relate to both mitigation and adaptation.Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy Study on green infrastructure in Malta A study to identify a list of different possible green features (e.g. added trees on the sidewalk to provide shade, parks, community gardens, green benches, and green roofs on bus- stops) as well as integration of green infrastructure (including at ports) and further introduction of green urbanisation (projects and areas) 40, their cost (capital cost as well as ongoing costs, including maintenance) and the potential benefits for each. Scenarios where such green features, and integration of green infrastructure were considered a success, would also be included.","{'text': 'Study on green infrastructure in Malta', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2637,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Modify technical standards for capacity of flood infrastructure Explore new ways of expanding the capacity of current flood-relief infrastructure, such as higher flood barriers as well as wider flood relief tunnels or additional tunnels. 40 Recently, government has pushed on soft urbanisation (greening of roundabouts), and is moving towards green urbanisation projects such as the carbon-neutral park at Kalkara’s Rinella Garden, and a green open space for families at Mosta (previously scheduled for development).Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy Identify and screen critical risks and concerns for i) the aviation sector and airports; ii) maritime sector and ports Identify and screen major critical risks and concerns for the aviation sector and airports (e.g. surface access to airports) as well as the maritime sector.","{'text': 'Identify and screen critical risks and concerns for i) the aviation sector and airports; ii) maritime sector and ports', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2638,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Such climate can be improved through measures such as breakwaters (new and upgrades) and installing rip rap breakwaters, amongst others, to make operation of ports more viable. Table 11: Adaptation measures – Infrastructure and Transport C. Land use and buildings Title of Measure Description Joint MSWU, PA and TM initiatives Entities such as the Planning Authority (PA), Transport Malta (TM), Infrastructure Malta (IM) and the Marine, Storm Water and Valley Management Unit (MSWU) to continue coordinating operations, especially in the design of new roads and new developments. Identify high risk/vulnerability areas in Malta and apply appropriate treatment Project to identify major vulnerable areas with regards to the most important CC indicators (e.g. sea level rise, floods, coastal erosion).","{'text': 'Identify high risk/vulnerability areas in Malta and apply appropriate treatment', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2639,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations. • Improve communication on waste management (repairing, reducing and recycling waste) as well as providing incentives to encourage a circular economy approach for Seychelles. • Improve management of freshwater resources and implement new strategies to reuse water27 and implement the existing Water Resource Management Strategies as part of the Seychelles Water Supply Development Plan. • Undertake the risk assessment of existing and future road networks and construction of retaining walls and drains are important adaptation actions, which need to be further developed and implemented in collaboration with key partners. • Develop and implement a comprehensive road transport strategy to promote active, safe and sustainable transportation such as walking and cycling.","{'text': 'Undertake the risk assessment of existing and future road networks and construction of retaining walls and drains are important adaptation actions, which need to be further developed and implemented in collaboration with key partners.', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2640,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Establishing community based early warning systems and flood water monitoring systems nationwide and prioritized in problematic rivers 2. Designing, testing and executing multi-hazard contingency plans and 3. Integrating DRM risk assessment and monitoring in all sectors and programmes, including Risk reduction/early warning systems in public works, transport infrastructure. 6.4.2 Accessible and harmless water To climate-proof the water sector, action is needed in: 1. Drought management a. Scaling up water supply to drought prone areas water point rehabilitation; rainwater catchment; water harvesting and storage technologies b. Construction of multipurpose dams to retain surface runoff during the rainy season, as nearly 24% of annual rainfall is lost as surface run-off and c. Integration of Indigenous Knowledge (IKS) into scientific early warning for drought 2. Flood management a.","{'text': 'Integrating DRM risk assessment and monitoring in all sectors and programmes, including Risk reduction/early warning systems in public works, transport infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2641,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"HEALTH BIODIVERSITY FORESTS Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on major surface Promotion of low water consumption systems and waste reduction 4.6.1.2.1.8 Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on the main surface watercourses and small dams which are easy to maintain for irrigation and animal watering (rehabilitation, construction and maintenance of dams and water reservoirs) 4.6.1.2.6 Promotion of low water consumption systems and reduction of existing waste in the urban water distribution network (Adoption of lower water consumption irrigation technologies) 4.6.1.2.1.8 Reducing people s vulnerability to climate change disease Rehabilitation of deforested areas for pasture creation, agriculture practice, forest resources exploitation 4.6.2.3.3.1 Applying management practices that increase the adaptive capacity of ecosystems - 4.6.1.6.1.5; (linked to the national biodiversity strategy, target 10: By 2035, place at least 20% of ecosystems critically affected by climate change under adaptive ecosystem management) Identification and replication of lessons and good practices on mitigation and adaptation (Target 10.3 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Establishment of cross-border conservation areas to maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss Promotion of the survey of knowledge on the contribution of biodiversity to the increase in the carbon stock, with a view to mitigating and adapting to climate change (based on Target 15 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Planning and management of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems 4.6.2.3. Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g.","{'text': 'Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise)', 'answer_start': 403}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2642,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g. energy and waste) Updating climate scenarios and downscaling the results to cover the Mozambican territoryUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE It is understood that there is no base year and that the results will be compared with the BAU emissions scenarios of the implemented measures, considering two years to reach the target one from 2020 to 2025, made based on the last GHG Inventory provided in PBURM.","{'text': 'Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise)', 'answer_start': 175}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2643,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Include increased protective margins in construction and placement of transportation and communications infrastructure (i.e. higher standards and specifications).2. Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors. 3. Strengthen existing transportation and communications infrastructure, in part through early efforts to identify and implement all possible ‘no regrets’ actions. 4. Develop and diversify secure communication backup systems to ensure both civil society and security forces have access to emergency communication methods. E. STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 1. Increase knowledge and awareness of climate change risks and opportunities 2. Undertake and implement risk assessments and risk reduction measures 3. Incorporate climate change into ongoing business planning 4. Review and enforce land use plans in industrial areas in light of climate change 5.","{'text': 'Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2644,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Include increased protective margins in construction and placement of transportation and communications infrastructure (i.e. higher standards and specifications). 2. Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors. 3. Strengthen existing transportation and communications infrastructure, in part through early efforts to identify and implement all possible ‘no regrets’ actions. 4. Develop and diversify secure communication backup systems to ensure both civil society and security forces have access to emergency communication methods. I. STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 1. Increase knowledge and awareness of climate change risks and opportunities 2. Undertake and implement risk assessments and risk reduction measures 3.","{'text': 'Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2645,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure', 'answer_start': 79}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2646,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure', 'answer_start': 35}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2647,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"Priorité 3 : Programme pour l aménagement, la protection et la réhabilitation des paysages et écosystèmes côtiers et marin •  Mesure 1 :  Protéger et préserver les biens et services des écosystèmes côtiers et marins vulnérables à la pollution et autres effets du changement climatique •  Mesure 2 :  Réhabilitation et protection contre l érosion (zone entre Ras Blat et le port de commerce à Bizerte, zone de Chatt Mami, zone entre Sousse Sud et Skanes à Monastir, zone de Aghir à Djerba, zone entre Nabeul et Hammamet, zone entre Gammarth-Carthage,.). •  Mesure 3 :  Renforcer les mécanismes de financement par des instruments économiques novateurs •  Mesure 4 :  Protection des nappes littorales des risques d intrusion marine •  Mesure 5 :  Extension, réhabilitation et protection des ports de pêche en adéquation avec les résultats du plan directeur des ports et en prenant en considération les impacts du changement climatique 1.5 RÉSILIENCE ÉCONOMIQUE – RECO Priorité 1 : Moderniser la gestion de l information, faciliter l accès et le partage des connaissances et prévoir les risques en lien avec le changement climatique •  Mesure 1 :  Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des études prospectives sur les vulnérabilités, les coûts de l’inaction et les pistes d’adaptation des principales filières économiques vulnérables (tourisme, bâtiments/constructions, banques et finances, transports, énergie, numérique, etc.)","{'text': 'Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des études prospectives sur les vulnérabilités, les coûts de l’inaction et les pistes d’adaptation des principales filières économiques vulnérables (tourisme, bâtiments/constructions, banques et finances, transports, énergie, numérique, etc.)', 'answer_start': 198}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2648,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"•  Mesure 3 :  Renforcer les mécanismes de financement par des instruments économiques novateurs •  Mesure 4 :  Protection des nappes littorales des risques d intrusion marine •  Mesure 5 :  Extension, réhabilitation et protection des ports de pêche en adéquation avec les résultats du plan directeur des ports et en prenant en considération les impacts du changement climatique 1.5 RÉSILIENCE ÉCONOMIQUE – RECO Priorité 1 : Moderniser la gestion de l information, faciliter l accès et le partage des connaissances et prévoir les risques en lien avec le changement climatique •  Mesure 1 :  Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des études prospectives sur les vulnérabilités, les coûts de l’inaction et les pistes d’adaptation des principales filières économiques vulnérables (tourisme, bâtiments/constructions, banques et finances, transports, énergie, numérique, etc.) •  Mesure 2 :  Définir un cadre d’évaluation des impacts du changement climatique sur la rentabilité des projets économiques et des critères d’aide à la décision pour orienter les investissements •  Mesure 3 :  Actualiser la digitalisation des potentialités touristiques littorales et étendre l exercice aux autres potentialités naturelles, sociales, patrimoniales, culturelles, … des territoires de l intérieur du pays.","{'text': 'Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des études prospectives sur les vulnérabilités, les coûts de l’inaction et les pistes d’adaptation des principales filières économiques vulnérables (tourisme, bâtiments/constructions, banques et finances, transports, énergie, numérique, etc.)', 'answer_start': 103}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2649,SSD,South Sudan,1st NDC,R_Risk,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan%20Intended%20Nationally%20Determined%20%20%20%20Contribution.pdf,"At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change. 36. To support decision-making for climate change adaptation, South Sudan will implement actions to assemble, analyze, predict and disseminate climate information through improve climate monitoring and data management systems. Based on this, the relevant data and information will be used to develop early warning systems and inform appropriate responses to extreme climatic events. Capacity Building and Transfer of Technology 37. South Sudan will encourage innovations in technologies which are appropriate to climate change at all levels and the inclusion of climate change issues in the national curriculum.","{'text': 'To support decision-making for climate change adaptation, South Sudan will implement actions to assemble, analyze, predict and disseminate climate information through improve climate monitoring and data management systems.', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2650,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y férreo Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementación del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donación SI SI Se obtendrá un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicación geográfica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptación y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el país. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos.","{'text': 'Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte', 'answer_start': 90}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2651,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Asistencia técnica para la construcción de la Política para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptación al cambio climático - ACC del sector.","{'text': 'Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte', 'answer_start': 5}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2652,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y férreo Programa de Georreferenciación y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementación del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donación SI SI Se obtendrá un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicación geográfica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptación y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el país. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos.","{'text': 'Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento', 'answer_start': 252}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2653,COL,Colombia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf,"MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector transporte Implementación del programa de creación de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donación NO SI Por medio de la implementación del programa de capacidades del sector se logrará obtener mejores resultados en los análisis de la información relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio climático y gestión del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Guía metodológica con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboración de la metodología con enfoque multiamenaza para el cálculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donación SI SI La metodología a desarrollar posibilitará el establecimiento de priorizaciones técnicas de intervención con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptación a partir de variables físicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribución con el desarrollo sostenible del país MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorológicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donación NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de información de los temas climáticos. MinTransporte Carretero, férreo, fluvial, Aéreo Asistencia técnica para la construcción de la Política para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptación al cambio climático - ACC del sector.","{'text': 'Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas – Generación de conocimiento', 'answer_start': 167}",es-ES,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2654,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2655,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2656,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2657,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2658,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation', 'answer_start': 1145}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2659,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation', 'answer_start': 865}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2660,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation', 'answer_start': 865}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2661,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation', 'answer_start': 329}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2662,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation', 'answer_start': 307}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2663,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"b) Promoting climate resilient human settlements development. Health a) Promoting climate-resilient public health system. b) Improving early warning systems for climate-sensitive disease outbreaks. c) Strengthening monitoring, climate sensitive diseases surveillance and reporting systems. d) Promoting vulnerability and risk assessment of climate change risks on human health. a) Promoting climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for energy, transport, water supply, health, and other relevant sectors. b) Promoting the use of climate service during the designing and development of new infrastructure. 10 FYDPII includes the expected result of “Climate change impacts on key infrastructure and settlements addressed by 2020” (p. 170).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 12 c) Mainstreaming of climate change in the engineering and architecture curricula. d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.","{'text': 'Mainstreaming of climate change in the engineering and architecture curricula', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2664,IDN,Indonesia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC%20Indonesia%202021%20-%20corrected%20version.pdf,"x Development and utilization of information system and data provision on vulnerability, risks, and impacts of climate change. x Strengthening Information System on vulnerability index (Id. Sistem Informasi Data Indeks Kerentanan/ SIDIK) x Integration SIDIK with other related systems regarding vulnerability, risk and impacts of climate change Potential synergy with SFDRR and UNCCD Improvement of human settlements, provision of basic services, and climate resilient infrastructure development. x Mainstreaming adaptation into spatial planning and strengthening compliance in the implementation of spatial plan. x Integrating adaptation in infrastructure development and maintenance. x Climate awareness campaign, standard enforcement and oversight in human settlement development, including building and environmental health. x Increase compliance to carrying capacity related regulations in infrastructure development. x Improve water resource management including soil water, measures to deal with disaster emergency. Potential synergy with SFDRR Conflict prevention and resolution. x Strengthening coordination and communication in policy formulation and implementation.","{'text': 'Increase compliance to carrying capacity related regulations in infrastructure development', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2665,IDN,Indonesia,Updated NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/ENDC%20Indonesia.pdf,"Identification of highly vulnerable areas in local spatial and land use planning efforts. • Development and utilisation of information system and data provision on vulnerability, risks, and impacts of climate change. • Strengthening Information System on vulnerability index (Id. Sistem Informasi Data Indeks Kerentanan/ SIDIK) • Integration SIDIK with other related systems regarding vulnerability , risk and impacts of climate change Ecosystem, disaster Ecosystem, disaster Potential synergy with Sendai Framewo rk DRR and UNCCD 5. Improvement of human settlements, provision of basic services, and climate resilient infrastructure development. • Mainstreaming adaptation into spatial planning and strengthening compliance in the implementation of spatial plan. • Integrating adaptation in infrastructure development and maintenance. • Climate awareness campaign, standard enforcement and oversight in human settlement development, including building and environmental health. • Increase compliance to carrying capacity related regulations in infrastructure development. • Improve water resource management including soil water, measures to deal with disaster emergency. Health, ecosystem, disaster Energy, disaster Water, ecosystem Potential synergy with SFDRR prevention and resolution. • Strengthening coordination and communication in policy formulation and implementation. • Implementation of complain and redress mechanisms.","{'text': 'Increase compliance to carrying capacity related regulations in infrastructure development', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2666,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"Every five years, Rwanda will be updating the recently developed climate change vulnerability index as to reflect the real situation of vulnerability to Climate change at any given time in the country. In addition, other assessments (such as national communication) with a vulnerability assessment will be conducted periodically. 7.2 Establish an integrated early- warning system, and disaster response plans Rwanda is exposed to climate related disasters like droughts, floods and landslides. In addition to existing disaster management initiatives mainly focusing on preparedness, assessment, mitigation and disaster reduction , Rwanda will establish and early- warning system in order to prevent the impact of natural climate disasters on humans. Rwanda will also improve its capacity in disaster preparedness and mobilization and distribution of relief to populations affected by specific disaster events.","{'text': 'Rwanda will also improve its capacity in disaster preparedness and mobilization and distribution of relief to populations affected by specific disaster events', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2667,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"Rwanda will also improve its capacity in disaster preparedness and mobilization and distribution of relief to populations affected by specific disaster events. and projections community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) programmes designed around local environmental and economic conditions, to mobilise local capacity in emergency response, and to Rwanda will implement the following community based DRR activities: improved farming techniques that mitigate flood and landslide impacts; first aid training; and environmental and public health awareness for disease prevention, particularly following flood and storm episodes. In order to reduce locally-specific hazards, relocation from high risk zones is considered as one of the strategic actions.","{'text': 'Rwanda will also improve its capacity in disaster preparedness and mobilization and distribution of relief to populations affected by specific disaster events', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2668,SSD,South Sudan,1st NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan%20Intended%20Nationally%20Determined%20%20%20%20Contribution.pdf,"Actions for infrastructure:7 | P a g e i. Improve urban and industrial waste water treatment, ensuring quantity and good quality of water in human settlements. ii. Incorporate adaptation criteria for public investment projects, particularly those to be carried out under the Comprehensive Agriculture Development Plan and the Irrigation Development Master Plan. iii. Ensure that land-use plans and building codes reflect the expected impacts of climate change. Institutional and policy actions 35. At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change. 36.","{'text': 'At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change.', 'answer_start': 72}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2669,SSD,South Sudan,1st NDC,R_Education,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan%20Intended%20Nationally%20Determined%20%20%20%20Contribution.pdf,"At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change. 36. To support decision-making for climate change adaptation, South Sudan will implement actions to assemble, analyze, predict and disseminate climate information through improve climate monitoring and data management systems. Based on this, the relevant data and information will be used to develop early warning systems and inform appropriate responses to extreme climatic events. Capacity Building and Transfer of Technology 37. South Sudan will encourage innovations in technologies which are appropriate to climate change at all levels and the inclusion of climate change issues in the national curriculum.","{'text': 'At the institutional and policy level, there is a need to coordinate climate change actions and mainstream climate change concerns into all sectors through capacity building and the development of policies, strategies and action plans to adapt to climate change.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
2670,COL,Colombia,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"En 2050, entre el 70 % y 90 % de los hogares reporta llevar a cabo actividades para tener una vivienda más sostenible. 4. Promoción de una movilidad sostenible a. Promover alternativas de movilidad sostenible (transporte público, bicicleta, ve- hículos eléctricos) así como asegurar la infrae- structura necesaria para que los ciudadanos puedan adoptar una movilidad sostenible (transporte público eficiente, ciclorutas, esta- ciones de carga eléctrica para vehículos). En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la población de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5.","{'text': 'ciclorutas', 'answer_start': 60}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2671,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Definición y aplicación de una política de renovación de taxis y conchos. Modernización del parque vehicular público por unidades eléctricas e híbridas. 22. Diseño e implementación de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuación de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses eléctricos. 24. Introducción de marcos habilitantes para la modernización del parque de vehículos privados (sustitución por vehículos híbridos y 100 % eléctricos). 25. Adecuación de red para ciclo vías con la implementación de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.","{'text': 'Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)', 'answer_start': 101}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2672,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27. Implementación del programa de inspecciones técnicas a todos los vehículos en circulación (medición de parámetros). (Cualitativa) SECTOR USO DE PRODUCTOS y PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES (IPPU). 4 opciones de mitigación:Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Producción de cementos: 28. Uso de combustibles alternativos (incluye biomasa) como sustituto de los combustibles fósiles convencionales (carbón/pet coke etc.). 29. Operación de planta de cemento optimizada con energía renovable. 30. Reducción adicional del contenido de clínker en el cemento dominicano. 31. Incremento reforestación de canteras y siembra de árboles endémicos en áreas de amortiguamiento en cementeras dominicanas. SECTOR AFOLU.,"{'text': 'Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2673,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Título de la opción: Creación de líneas de Bus Express para grandes ciudades (Carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) Objetivo Reducción de GEI en el sector transporte, con un diseño e inversión de un piloto en una línea de Bus Express. Entidad Responsable (Institución que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opción) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificación, aprobado, en ejecución) Sector y Categorías según (Identificar sector y categorías especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD)Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT N/D Planificación (2021-2023) Ejecución Prevista N/D Sector Energía, Categoría: carretero. O N/D Breve descripción de la opción Se pretende crear líneas de buses expresos en otras ciudades de la República Dominicana para promover el transporte público más eficiente con mejor calidad de vida.","{'text': 'Creación de líneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)', 'answer_start': 4}",es-ES,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2674,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions. We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.","{'text': 'Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2675,SGP,Singapore,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.","{'text': 'Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2676,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"Rail transport and measures of sustainable mobility are put to the forefront, which will reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector and reduce traffic density. To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2677,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.","{'text': 'further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2678,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.","{'text': 'Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2679,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2680,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.","{'text': 'National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2681,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. • Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only trains by 2040. • Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non-zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK.","{'text': 'National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2682,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Old diesel locomotive engines continue to be used, with diesel consumptions around 900,000 gallons a month. Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country. Current upgrades will use electric-diesel hybrid locomotives which are 50% more efficient than existing locomotives, and so use less fossil fuel. The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector.","{'text': 'The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced.', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2683,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Transport: ● Resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;● Increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); ● Adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; ● Access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues; ● Switch to cleaner and environmentally friendly fuels for vehicles. Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.)","{'text': 'Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians);', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2684,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.","{'text': 'Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians);', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2685,TON,Tonga,LTS,S_PTPriority,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'dedicated cycle lanes', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,How public transports will be made more attractive?
2686,COL,Colombia,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"La intensidad energética del trans- porte de carga se reducirá entre el 30 % y 45 % en 2050, comparado con 2015. Transporte aéreo y aeropuertos con tecnologías que reduzcan el ries- go por cambio climático, el ruido y las emisiones GEI (en lo que corre- sponda a Colombia) desarrollándose con aumentos de productividad y mejora constante de precios a. Restricción de operación de aviones que superen emisiones de CO respecto a un límite definido acorde con la vigilancia tecnológica. b. El 100 % de la infraestructura aeronáutica y aeroportuaria del país reduce el riesgo climático. Pico de gasolina y diésel para el año 2040 y fin del ingreso de nue- vos vehículos con motores mov- idos por esos combustibles a.","{'text': 'El 100 % de la infraestructura aeronáutica y aeroportuaria del país reduce el riesgo climátic', 'answer_start': 81}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2687,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.","{'text': 'infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos', 'answer_start': 56}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2688,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.","{'text': 'infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos', 'answer_start': 2}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2689,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.","{'text': 'aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías)', 'answer_start': 67}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2690,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.","{'text': 'aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías)', 'answer_start': 13}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2691,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.","{'text': 'el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género', 'answer_start': 89}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2692,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.","{'text': 'el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género', 'answer_start': 35}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2693,FJI,Fiji,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Regarding all transport infrastructure, the NAP proposes to develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing measures to ensure compliance, and to promote institution strengthening and capacity building for integrated transport planning. With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts. Maritime transport has been described as the lifeline of Pacific SIDS, such as Fiji. It is essential to all agendas for climate change resilience, adaptation, economic and sustainable development (including fulfilling most SDGs), government service delivery, and natural disaster preparedness and response.","{'text': 'renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2694,FJI,Fiji,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Regarding all transport infrastructure, the NAP proposes to develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing measures to ensure compliance, and to promote institution strengthening and capacity building for integrated transport planning. With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts. Maritime transport has been described as the lifeline of Pacific SIDS, such as Fiji. It is essential to all agendas for climate change resilience, adaptation, economic and sustainable development (including fulfilling most SDGs), government service delivery, and natural disaster preparedness and response.","{'text': 'work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts.', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2695,FJI,Fiji,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Vessels themselves are also highly exposed to increasingly strong storm events and changing weather patterns. In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids.248 Smaller vessels and technology, such as WiG craft and dirigibles, also have potential to allow more direct access to communities and reduce reliance on vulnerable shoreside infrastructure. The NAP does not directly address adaptation for domestic air transport, but this too is an important consideration for the LEDS. Mitigation actions identified for the domestic air transport sector are aligned with the Government of Fiji’s national climate change adaptation and resilience objectives.","{'text': 'new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2696,JPN,Japan,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail. It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster. In the shipping sector, by promoting the development and implementation of low-carbon and decarbonizing technologies and leading the establishment of related international regulations, Japan will strategically strive for carbon-neutral maritime transportation.","{'text': 'It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster.', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2697,JPN,Japan,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"Strengthening transportation and logistics systems to cope with climate change risks The Government will strengthen the transportation infrastructure to ensure the functioning of transportation and logistics at the time of disaster, strengthen the initial response system of local transportation bureaus, etc., and enhance proactive measures such as transportation disaster prevention management to promote the improvement of disaster response capabilities of transportation businesses. The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc.","{'text': 'The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2698,JPN,Japan,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc. k. Promotion of Carbon Neutral Port (CNP) initiative The Government will promote the CNP initiative through upgrading port functions, taking account of decarbonization, such as stopping idling of ships by introducing onshore power supply to ships at anchor, introducing independent hydrogen power sources, promoting the use of hydrogen fuel for cargo handling 35 A technology for capturing CO2 from the exhaust gas emitted from heat engines.","{'text': 'The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2699,NRU,Nauru,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf,"Durable partnerships and access to adequate means of implementation will be required to fully achieve these goals.1. PRODUCTIVE LAND & COAST Reducing Coastal Erosion Almost all homes and critical infrastructure in Nauru, including schools, the hospital, and the airport, are located along the low-lying coastal perimeter of the island, typically only a few meters above sea level, leaving them highly vulnerable to coastal flooding and storm surge. Coastal erosion, which is clearly visible in many locations around the island and appears to be accelerating, exacerbates this risk. Sea level rise in the Pacific has been occurring at three times the global average and is likely a contributing factor to observed coastal erosion.","{'text': 'Reducing Coastal Erosion Almost all homes and critical infrastructure in Nauru, including schools, the hospital, and the airport, are located along the low-lying coastal perimeter of the island, typically only a few meters above sea level, leaving them highly vulnerable to coastal flooding and storm surge. Coastal erosion, which is clearly visible in many locations around the island and appears to be accelerating, exacerbates this risk.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2700,SGP,Singapore,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"Coastal areas are vital for Singapore to carry out shipping activities as a major shipping port. CCRS has considered that in the rare scenario of high mean sea levels, high tide and high surge all occurring at the same time, sea levels could rise almost 4m above the current mean and cause flooding in low-lying coastal areas in Singapore. Given these risks, we are now undertaking a comprehensive effort to protect our coasts, low- lying areas and our communities, and carefully studying the options and strategies for protection along different parts of our coastline. These coastal protection plans may include a combination of conventional engineering technologies such as sea walls, tidal gates, pumping stations as well as nature-based solutions.","{'text': 'These coastal protection plans may include a combination of conventional engineering technologies such as sea walls, tidal gates, pumping stations as well as nature-based solutions.', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2701,SGP,Singapore,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"These coastal protection plans may include a combination of conventional engineering technologies such as sea walls, tidal gates, pumping stations as well as nature-based solutions. These are necessary long-term investments and will possibly cost Singapore S$100 billion or more over the next 50 to 100 years. The Government will create a Coastal and Flood Protection Fund, with an initial injection of S$5 billion to provide for the substantial capital outlay in implementing coastal and flood protection measures. CCRS has set aside S$10 million for a National Sea Level Research Programme to develop more robust projections of sea level rise and improve our knowledge on how rising sea levels will affect Singapore. For many of these measures, we will need to start implementing them now and stage them appropriately over the next 100 years.","{'text': 'These coastal protection plans may include a combination of conventional engineering technologies such as sea walls, tidal gates, pumping stations as well as nature-based solutions.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2702,SGP,Singapore,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"This land is buffered from the sea by the dyke and a network of drains and pumps will control the water levels in the polder. We have raised the minimum platform levels for new developments from 3m to 4m above the Singapore Height Datum (SHD) since 2011. Presently, critical infrastructure on existing coastal land, notably Changi Airport Terminal 5 and Tuas Port, will be constructed with platform levels at least 5m above SHD. Low-lying roads near coastal areas such as Changi have also been raised to protect them from rising sea levels. Recognising the importance of robust, flexible and innovative engineering solutions, we will tap on internationally recognised best practice coastal protection techniques that are applicable to Singapore’s context and adapt solutions to our needs.","{'text': 'Presently, critical infrastructure on existing coastal land, notably Changi Airport Terminal 5 and Tuas Port, will be constructed with platform levels at least 5m above SHD.', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2703,SGP,Singapore,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"This land is buffered from the sea by the dyke and a network of drains and pumps will control the water levels in the polder. We have raised the minimum platform levels for new developments from 3m to 4m above the Singapore Height Datum (SHD) since 2011. Presently, critical infrastructure on existing coastal land, notably Changi Airport Terminal 5 and Tuas Port, will be constructed with platform levels at least 5m above SHD. Low-lying roads near coastal areas such as Changi have also been raised to protect them from rising sea levels. Recognising the importance of robust, flexible and innovative engineering solutions, we will tap on internationally recognised best practice coastal protection techniques that are applicable to Singapore’s context and adapt solutions to our needs.","{'text': 'Low-lying roads near coastal areas such as Changi have also been raised to protect them from rising sea levels.', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2704,SLB,Solomon Islands,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Report%202021%20Final%20Solomon%20Islands%20(1).pdf,"The Government of Solomon Islands considers it vital and urgent to develop the capacity of the country to assess risks and vulnerabilities associated with climate variability and change and to reduce climate change risks and adapt to the predicted impacts of climate change (MECDM 2016). This includes short term disaster risk reduction measures for climate variability and episodic extreme events, and long-term adaptation to climate change including, inter-alia, enhancing ecosystem and social resilience, climate proofing infrastructure and relocating communities as a last resort. Adaptation Gaps, Barriers and Needs Institutional challenges relating to high staff turnover rates in senior executive positions, limited sector specific training, and a lack of clarity on internal roles and responsibilities in some sectors hampers national efforts on adaptation.","{'text': 'climate proofing infrastructure', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2705,BRA,Brazil,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf,"Adaptation actions implemented in the context of this NDC will aim at reducing vulnerability in terms of water, energy, food, social and environmental security, thus potentially generating synergies with the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and enhancing social and productive benefits. Based on the second cycle of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), adaptation measures in Brazil will aim at strengthening the management of water resources, thediversification of energy sources, the development of adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector with a view to ensuring food security, as well as adaptation plans for the urban landscape in Brazil to ensure the resilience of the population and infrastructure. Adaptation policies will be based on the best available science regarding climate change and national circumstances.","{'text': 'adaptation plans for the urban landscape in Brazil to ensure the resilience of the population and infrastructure', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2706,ATG,Antigua and Barbuda,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20First.pdf,"By 2025, increase seawater desalination capacity by 50% above 2015 levels. 2. By 2030, all buildings are improved and prepared for extreme climate events, including drought, flooding and hurricanes. 3. By 2030, 100% of electricity demand in the water sector1 and other essential services (including health, food storage and emergency services) will be met through off-­‐grid renewable sources. 4. By 2030, all waterways are protected to reduce the risks of flooding and health impacts. 5. By 2030, an affordable insurance scheme is available for farmers, fishers, and residential and business owners to cope with losses resulting from climate variability. Conditional Mitigation Targets 1. By 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances. 2.","{'text': 'By 2030, all waterways are protected to reduce the risks of flooding and health impacts.', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2707,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"In addition, Barbados is a signatory of the CARICOM Caribbean Sustainable Energy Roadmap and Strategy (C-SERMS) and will by 2027 do its fair share under the agreement, which includes both energy efficiency targets and renewable energy targets. Demand side management is included in the IRRP and minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for air conditioning and refrigeration, as well as lighting, will be adopted in July 2021. Clean transport Barbadian infrastructure exhibits significant vulnerabilities to storms, landslides, inland flooding, and extreme temperatures. This requires additional work to improve resilience of the sector, particularly under more climate variability, transport congestion and mobility disruptions that can affect the tourism value chain and the competitiveness of the country.","{'text': 'additional work to improve resilience of the sector, particularly under more climate variability, transport congestion and mobility disruptions that can affect the tourism value chain and the competitiveness of the country.', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2708,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"This requires additional work to improve resilience of the sector, particularly under more climate variability, transport congestion and mobility disruptions that can affect the tourism value chain and the competitiveness of the country. So, whereas transport is a significant source of GHG emissions, the sector is also vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards, and climate change is expected to exacerbate future risks.","{'text': 'additional work to improve resilience of the sector, particularly under more climate variability, transport congestion and mobility disruptions that can affect the tourism value chain and the competitiveness of the country.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2709,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"Ainsi les Camerounais particulièrement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vulnérables et les secteurs économiques du pays vont acquérir une plus grande résilience et une plus grande capacité d’adaptation aux impacts négatifs des changements climatiques.République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.1 Les priorités de l’adaptation et la résilience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorités d’adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorités ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la résilience et améliorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la chaîne de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l’approvisionnement énergétique durable et procéder à la certification de la résilience climatique des infrastructures énergétiques - Garantir la sécurité énergétique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des systèmes ferroviaires, des aéroports et des ports maritimes, qui résistent au climat grâce à l intégration de mesures d adaptation et de résilience pour améliorer la durabilité. - Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée.","{'text': 'Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux', 'answer_start': 188}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2710,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"- Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée. Projet 1 : Mise en place d’un système d’observation, de gestion des informations et d’alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et opérationnalisation du fonds d’urgence ; Projet 3 : Élaboration de Plan d’Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des décideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures à prendre ; Projet 5 : Résilience des infrastructures et des systèmes de développement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.","{'text': 'Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux', 'answer_start': 10}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2711,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"Ainsi les Camerounais particulièrement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vulnérables et les secteurs économiques du pays vont acquérir une plus grande résilience et une plus grande capacité d’adaptation aux impacts négatifs des changements climatiques.République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.1 Les priorités de l’adaptation et la résilience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorités d’adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorités ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la résilience et améliorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la chaîne de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l’approvisionnement énergétique durable et procéder à la certification de la résilience climatique des infrastructures énergétiques - Garantir la sécurité énergétique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des systèmes ferroviaires, des aéroports et des ports maritimes, qui résistent au climat grâce à l intégration de mesures d adaptation et de résilience pour améliorer la durabilité. - Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée.","{'text': 'Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et rural', 'answer_start': 197}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2712,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"- Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée. Projet 1 : Mise en place d’un système d’observation, de gestion des informations et d’alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et opérationnalisation du fonds d’urgence ; Projet 3 : Élaboration de Plan d’Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des décideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures à prendre ; Projet 5 : Résilience des infrastructures et des systèmes de développement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.","{'text': 'Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et rural', 'answer_start': 19}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2713,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,Actions d’adaptation par secteurs vulnérables Secteur Actions d’adaptation Agriculture et élevage Développement d’une politique agricole résiliente et intelligente au climat Développement de l’irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversité et forêt Extension de la superficie disposant d’un statut d’aire protégée Extension de la superficie reboisée Pêche et écosystèmes côtiers et marins Suivi et restauration des écosystèmes marins et côtiers Sensibilisation et sécurisation des pêcheurs face aux aléas climatiques Ressources en eau Accès de la population à une source d’eau améliorée Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau Santé Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19 Développement et mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies. Infrastructures économiques et sociales Développement et mis en œuvre de plans d’aménagement/développement des infrastructures économiques et sociales intégrant le changement climatique Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vulnérables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles.,"{'text': 'Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles', 'answer_start': 172}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2714,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Infrastructures économiques et sociales Développement et mis en œuvre de plans d’aménagement/développement des infrastructures économiques et sociales intégrant le changement climatique Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vulnérables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles. Mise en application d’un système de normes de construction qui prend en compte les risques de catastrophe Intégration et sensibilisation Sensibilisation aux impacts du CC Renforcement de capacité à tous les niveaux sur la définition et la mise en œuvre des mesures d’adaptation au CC Des actions spécifiques à court et moyen termes et des idées de projet sont identifiées pour chaque secteur dans un plan de mise en œuvre annexe, avec une priorisation de ces actions et une estimation des coûts, donnée pour chaque action / idées de projet.4.","{'text': 'Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles', 'answer_start': 21}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2715,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods. Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas. Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding. Improve and enhance public transport services. Implementation of Adaptation Actions In Liberia, many sectoral policies have not mainstreamed the impacts of climate change. These include energy, hydrology/meteorology, health, transport and disaster. An overarching climate change policy is currently being developed which will serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans.","{'text': 'Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2716,MDV,Maldives,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202020.pdf,"d Facilitate and enhance access to finance via available national funds and other mechanisms including access to micro-credit, grants etc., to increase farmer’s capacity to enhance food security and to increase investments on production systems.Infrastructure Resilience Given the small and low lying geographic nature of the islands, our critical infrastructure is in close proximity to the coast. Infrastructure is constantly exposed to coastal hazards such as sea swells, storm surges and associated coastal flooding. This infrastructure needs protection from the potential adverse impacts of climate change. As part of increasing infrastructure resiliency, the Maldives will consider to undertake the following actions. Enhancing the resilience and climate proofing of critical infrastructure such as airports, ports, powerhouses and other utilities etc.","{'text': 'Enhancing the resilience and climate proofing of critical infrastructure such as airports, ports, powerhouses and other utilities etc.', 'answer_start': 101}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2717,MDV,Maldives,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202020.pdf,"Enhancing the resilience and climate proofing of critical infrastructure such as airports, ports, powerhouses and other utilities etc. Enhancing the National Building Code to incorporate climate resilience including coastal infrastructure. Increase resiliency through better spatial planning and increased connectivity between the islands. Strengthen the legislative framework by establishment of a National Planning Act and Physical Planning Act. The legislation will facilitate integration of climate change into development planning while considering the economies of scale for public services, land use planning and population consolidation. Strengthen efforts to conserve and restore mangrove ecosystems considering its numerous services and benefits to people and nature including livelihood of communities and its role as natural buffers or barriers for flood mitigation.","{'text': 'Enhancing the resilience and climate proofing of critical infrastructure such as airports, ports, powerhouses and other utilities etc.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2718,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"HEALTH BIODIVERSITY FORESTS Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on major surface Promotion of low water consumption systems and waste reduction 4.6.1.2.1.8 Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on the main surface watercourses and small dams which are easy to maintain for irrigation and animal watering (rehabilitation, construction and maintenance of dams and water reservoirs) 4.6.1.2.6 Promotion of low water consumption systems and reduction of existing waste in the urban water distribution network (Adoption of lower water consumption irrigation technologies) 4.6.1.2.1.8 Reducing people s vulnerability to climate change disease Rehabilitation of deforested areas for pasture creation, agriculture practice, forest resources exploitation 4.6.2.3.3.1 Applying management practices that increase the adaptive capacity of ecosystems - 4.6.1.6.1.5; (linked to the national biodiversity strategy, target 10: By 2035, place at least 20% of ecosystems critically affected by climate change under adaptive ecosystem management) Identification and replication of lessons and good practices on mitigation and adaptation (Target 10.3 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Establishment of cross-border conservation areas to maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss Promotion of the survey of knowledge on the contribution of biodiversity to the increase in the carbon stock, with a view to mitigating and adapting to climate change (based on Target 15 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Planning and management of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems 4.6.2.3. Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g.","{'text': 'Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient', 'answer_start': 424}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2719,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g. energy and waste) Updating climate scenarios and downscaling the results to cover the Mozambican territoryUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE It is understood that there is no base year and that the results will be compared with the BAU emissions scenarios of the implemented measures, considering two years to reach the target one from 2020 to 2025, made based on the last GHG Inventory provided in PBURM.","{'text': 'Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient', 'answer_start': 196}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2720,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"ƒ Transporte: El Ministerio de Transportes e Infraestructuras con el apoyo de diversas instituciones financieras (BID, el Banco Mundial y el Fondo Nórdico para el Desarrollo) está implementado un conjunto de medidas para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la red de carreteras ante el cambio climático. Este es otro hito en el intento del MTI de integrar la adaptación al cambio climático desde la planificación.","{'text': 'Transporte: El Ministerio de Transportes e Infraestructuras con el apoyo de diversas instituciones financieras (BID, el Banco Mundial y el Fondo Nórdico para el Desarrollo) está implementado un conjunto de medidas para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la red de carreteras ante el cambio climático. Este es otro hito en el intento del MTI de integrar la adaptación al cambio climático desde la planificación.', 'answer_start': 1}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2721,NIC,Nicaragua,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf,"Para hacer frente a la adaptación al cambio climático, el país requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptación prioritarias, tales como: z Modernización de los servicios hidrometereológicos del país, que permitan mantener pronósti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernización en sistemas de observación, asimilación y pronósticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- gías, así como la formación de recursos humanos calificados. En el año 2021 se hará efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnológico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pacífico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital.","{'text': 'Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pacífico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de dólares para la ciudad capital.', 'answer_start': 85}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2722,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Include increased protective margins in construction and placement of transportation and communications infrastructure (i.e. higher standards and specifications).2. Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors. 3. Strengthen existing transportation and communications infrastructure, in part through early efforts to identify and implement all possible ‘no regrets’ actions. 4. Develop and diversify secure communication backup systems to ensure both civil society and security forces have access to emergency communication methods. E. STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 1. Increase knowledge and awareness of climate change risks and opportunities 2. Undertake and implement risk assessments and risk reduction measures 3. Incorporate climate change into ongoing business planning 4. Review and enforce land use plans in industrial areas in light of climate change 5.","{'text': 'Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors.', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2723,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,"Include increased protective margins in construction and placement of transportation and communications infrastructure (i.e. higher standards and specifications). 2. Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors. 3. Strengthen existing transportation and communications infrastructure, in part through early efforts to identify and implement all possible ‘no regrets’ actions. 4. Develop and diversify secure communication backup systems to ensure both civil society and security forces have access to emergency communication methods. I. STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 1. Increase knowledge and awareness of climate change risks and opportunities 2. Undertake and implement risk assessments and risk reduction measures 3.","{'text': 'Undertake risk assessment and risk reduction measures to increase the resilience of the transportation and communication sectors.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2724,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"New urban centres include modern high-rise buildings with glass facades; the antithesis of thermal massing. These towers feature inoperable windows and create significant energy demand to power air conditioning systems.15 Conditional NDC actions As identified in the NDC Partnership Plan, international funding is needed to develop an NDC implementation action plan(s) to address the two adaptation actions identified in the State of Palestine’s First NDCs, which remain relevant. Conditional NDC actions a) Promoting green buildings b) Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure.","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2725,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"Conditional NDC actions a) Promoting green buildings b) Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure. 6.1 Mitigation contribution Palestine is committed to ensuring that its emissions pathway is in line with the global objective of the UNFCCC and Article 2.1(a) of the Paris Agreement to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. Palestine’s approach is to prioritise high-emitting sectors such as, power generation, transport, and waste. A new mitigation analysis has been carried out to produce the mitigation chapter of Palestine’s First BUR,16 which informs the Updated NDCs. This new analysis clearly highlights the State 15 State of Palestine Environment Quality Authority (2016). National Adaptation Plan p. 39.","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 8}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2726,PSE,Palestine,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC_%20State%20of%20Palestine_2021_FINAL.pdf,"✓ ✓ Tourism Identify, design, and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate. ✓ Urban and infrastructure Promoting green buildings ✓ ✓ Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure ✓ ✓Appendix 4: Costs of conditional NDC actions and additional activities in the NDC Partnership Plan Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) Conditional NDC actions Agriculture 50% of farms in the State of Palestine apply gender-sensitive CSA by 2040. An annual increase of 2% until 2040 in the total area of forest land, rangeland and upland rehabilitated and sustainably managed. Energy Upgrade of the electricity grid to enable distribution of renewable energy, primarily from solar PV, by 2030. Improve energy efficiency by 20% (versus business as usual) across all sectors by 2035. 20-33% of electricity to be generated from renewable energy by 2040, primarily from solar PV (560MW).","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2727,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"106,048,000 Finance, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Domestic/local energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption, mainly for commercial and industrial application Finance, technology, capacity building Energy imports Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 16,250,000 Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 21,200,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Energy (Gaza Strip) Total energy imports Additional supply of energy from neighbouring countries 10,000,000 finance, technology Total domestic energy production Enhancing the equipment and efficiency of the Gaza Power Plant (GPP) 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total energy imports Use of renewable energy, such as solar, to reduce imported energy. 50,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total domestic energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 100,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food (West Bank) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 227,500,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 25,000,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction of large-scale cold storage 33,000,000 Finance, capacity building Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need prices on the international markets are low Food (Gaza Strip) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 121,250,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 12,500,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction large-scale cold storage 15,000,000 Finance, capacitybuilding Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when prices on the international markets are low Finance, technology, capacity building Gender (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,200,000 Finance, capacity building Gender (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water and sanitation Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 3,200,000 Finance, capacity building Employment and gender Supporting improvements in efficient use of water in women s private small-scale agricultural projects 3,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food security and gender Encouraging women to use their house gardens to produce food Health (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,680,000 Finance, capacity building Health (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 850,000 Finance, capacity building Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (West Bank) Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 29,400,000 Finance, capacity building Value of raw materials imported Replace imported raw materials with local materials whenever possible Finance, technology, capacity building Infrastructure Improve water supply through wastewater collection and treatment systems Finance, technology, capacity building Energy demand Reducing energy consumption through introduction of modern production technologies Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Energy supply Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 25,400,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (Gaza Strip) Value of raw materials exported Improve handling, fumigation, packaging, and storage techniques for raw materials intended for export 1,000,000 Finance, capacity building Employment Capacity building to enable industries to adapt to climate change Finance, technology, capacity building Value of industrial products exported Rehabilitation of industrial facilities 30,000,000 Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Energy demand Conducting energy audits in order to increase industries use of energy efficiency measures Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Value of industrial products exported Provision of suitable storage facilities for industrial products intended for export Energy demand Rehabilitation and maintenance of industrial equipment Finance, capacity building Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Terrestrial ecosystems (West Bank) Habitat connectivity National network of protected areas, including 50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 2,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Water (West Bank) Condition of infrastructure Rehabilitate water sources: wells, canals and springs Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Control of leakage from distribution systems 16,500,000 Finance, capacity building Groundwater supply Allocate transboundary water resources equitably and reasonably between Israel and the State of Palestine Groundwater supply Enhance the use of additional and alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and 20,800,000 FinanceTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need drainage infrastructure Water (Gaza Strip) Groundwater supply Increase share of imported water 1,000,000 Finance Groundwater supply Enhance the use of alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Groundwater quality and supply Build a large desalination plant for Gaza 510,000,000 Finance, capacity building Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and drainage infrastructureFurther to Table 9,additional conditional adaptation actions have been identified since the publication of the NAP and have not been included in the cost estimates above.","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 867}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2728,PSE,Palestine,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf,"50,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total domestic energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 100,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food (West Bank) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 227,500,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 25,000,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction of large-scale cold storage 33,000,000 Finance, capacity building Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need prices on the international markets are low Food (Gaza Strip) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 121,250,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 12,500,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction large-scale cold storage 15,000,000 Finance, capacitybuilding Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when prices on the international markets are low Finance, technology, capacity building Gender (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,200,000 Finance, capacity building Gender (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water and sanitation Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 3,200,000 Finance, capacity building Employment and gender Supporting improvements in efficient use of water in women s private small-scale agricultural projects 3,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food security and gender Encouraging women to use their house gardens to produce food Health (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,680,000 Finance, capacity building Health (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 850,000 Finance, capacity building Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (West Bank) Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 29,400,000 Finance, capacity building Value of raw materials imported Replace imported raw materials with local materials whenever possible Finance, technology, capacity building Infrastructure Improve water supply through wastewater collection and treatment systems Finance, technology, capacity building Energy demand Reducing energy consumption through introduction of modern production technologies Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Energy supply Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 25,400,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (Gaza Strip) Value of raw materials exported Improve handling, fumigation, packaging, and storage techniques for raw materials intended for export 1,000,000 Finance, capacity building Employment Capacity building to enable industries to adapt to climate change Finance, technology, capacity building Value of industrial products exported Rehabilitation of industrial facilities 30,000,000 Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Energy demand Conducting energy audits in order to increase industries use of energy efficiency measures Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Value of industrial products exported Provision of suitable storage facilities for industrial products intended for export Energy demand Rehabilitation and maintenance of industrial equipment Finance, capacity building Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Terrestrial ecosystems (West Bank) Habitat connectivity National network of protected areas, including 50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 2,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Water (West Bank) Condition of infrastructure Rehabilitate water sources: wells, canals and springs Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Control of leakage from distribution systems 16,500,000 Finance, capacity building Groundwater supply Allocate transboundary water resources equitably and reasonably between Israel and the State of Palestine Groundwater supply Enhance the use of additional and alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and 20,800,000 FinanceTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need drainage infrastructure Water (Gaza Strip) Groundwater supply Increase share of imported water 1,000,000 Finance Groundwater supply Enhance the use of alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Groundwater quality and supply Build a large desalination plant for Gaza 510,000,000 Finance, capacity building Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and drainage infrastructureFurther to Table 9,additional conditional adaptation actions have been identified since the publication of the NAP and have not been included in the cost estimates above. These are presented in Table 10 below: Table 10: Additional conditional adaptation actions, identified since the publication of the NAP Sector Action Urban and infrastructure Support for dangerous cliffs through retaining walls and trenches.","{'text': 'Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure', 'answer_start': 744}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2729,QAT,Qatar,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Qatar%20NDC.pdf,"The State of Qatar has undertaken/planned several projects to enhance the overall infrastructure in the country with a strong focus on sustainability. Besides the sustainable stadiums being developed for the FIFA World Cup 2022, several other projects such as the Qatar integrated rail project, expressway program, roads and drainage program, development of sustainable residential complexes (Lusail city, Msheireb downtown), development of parking bays, inter alia hold key to Qatar’s plans of sustainable infrastructure development. c) Awareness Raising awareness is important for the creation of a shared understanding which is required to effectively rally resources and stakeholders for joint problem-solving. Traditional methods such as media campaigns will be used to spark attention and broad engagement initiatives will be applied to anchor the topic of climate change deeper in society.","{'text': 'The State of Qatar has undertaken/planned several projects to enhance the overall infrastructure in the country with a strong focus on sustainability. Besides the sustainable stadiums being developed for the FIFA World Cup 2022, several other projects such as the Qatar integrated rail project, expressway program, roads and drainage program, development of sustainable residential complexes (Lusail city, Msheireb downtown), development of parking bays, inter alia hold key to Qatar’s plans of sustainable infrastructure development.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2730,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Forestry: afforestation/reforestation, promoting the ecosystem approach in adaptation of forests to climate change; promoting agroforestry and silvo-pastoral practices; sustainable management of forests and ecosystem services; organic matter restoration in degraded pastures. Human Health: Improving health services for vulnerable groups of the population; Improving the infrastructure of hospitals for operationalization to “green”Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova standards; Prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events (heat and cold waves, floods). Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.","{'text': 'resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;', 'answer_start': 78}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2731,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues. Energy: promoting water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources; climate protection of the energy system infrastructure; ensure operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions. Inter-Sectorial Priorities: Improving resilience of the Republic Moldova’s communities to adverse climate change effects, taking into account social and gender issues. Most of the adaptation actions specified under agriculture, forestry, transport and energy sectors have a clear impact on mitigation. However, the evaluation of such positive and negative co-benefits is not done because currently the appropriate methodologies are not available.","{'text': 'resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2732,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Forestry: afforestation/reforestation, promoting the ecosystem approach in adaptation of forests to climate change; promoting agroforestry and silvo-pastoral practices; sustainable management of forests and ecosystem services; organic matter restoration in degraded pastures. Human Health: Improving health services for vulnerable groups of the population; Improving the infrastructure of hospitals for operationalization to “green”Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova standards; Prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events (heat and cold waves, floods). Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.","{'text': 'increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks);', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2733,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues. Energy: promoting water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources; climate protection of the energy system infrastructure; ensure operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions. Inter-Sectorial Priorities: Improving resilience of the Republic Moldova’s communities to adverse climate change effects, taking into account social and gender issues. Most of the adaptation actions specified under agriculture, forestry, transport and energy sectors have a clear impact on mitigation. However, the evaluation of such positive and negative co-benefits is not done because currently the appropriate methodologies are not available.","{'text': 'increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks);', 'answer_start': 10}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2734,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.', 'answer_start': 203}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2735,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.', 'answer_start': 159}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2736,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2737,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc. - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure.","{'text': 'Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc', 'answer_start': 167}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2738,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Restore electrical stations equipment of energy distribution networks designed for defrosting/de-icing or introduce new defrosting technologies; - Improve the robustness of electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure; - Establish free economic zones (FEZs) close to CHPs for economic production of the sectors that use steam or hot water in technological processes (greenhouses, absorption refrigeration systems, processing of agricultural raw materials, etc. ); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure.","{'text': 'Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2739,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2740,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc. - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure.","{'text': 'Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure', 'answer_start': 187}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2741,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"- Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. 3.3.4. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INVESTMENT PRIORITIES The prioritization of adaptation investment areas was carried out as part of the development of Republic of Moldova Country Programme for the engagement with GCF using Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methodology. The list of adaptation options for each of the key sectors: agriculture, water resources, human health, forestry, energy, and transport was produced based on the review of national and sectorial development planning documents, policies and documents related to climate adaptation and sustainable development, studies on climate impacts, risks and vulnerabilities, needs and opportunities for sector adaptation, and development partners reports.","{'text': 'Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2742,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2743,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2744,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 973}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2745,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 693}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2746,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 693}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2747,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 291}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2748,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'Improved transport infrastructure and services', 'answer_start': 269}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2749,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness ● Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation ● Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management ● Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning ● Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation ● Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure ● Develop and implement national land development policy ● Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas ● Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology ● Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health ● Increase safe water storage measures in households ● Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters ● Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation ● Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities ● Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies ● Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ● Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program ● Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding ● Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources ● Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities ● Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture ● Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems ● Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops ● Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism ● Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion ● Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors ● Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.","{'text': 'Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas', 'answer_start': 152}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2750,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness ● Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation ● Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management ● Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning ● Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation ● Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure ● Develop and implement national land development policy ● Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas ● Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology ● Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health ● Increase safe water storage measures in households ● Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters ● Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation ● Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities ● Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies ● Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ● Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program ● Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding ● Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources ● Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities ● Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture ● Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems ● Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops ● Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism ● Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion ● Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors ● Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. An Adaptation Sub-Committee of the National Climate Change Committee has been established to facilitate this process and is comprised of key implementing agencies from the public sector as well as relevant civil society organizations and private sector representatives.","{'text': 'Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas', 'answer_start': 116}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2751,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness ● Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation ● Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management ● Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning ● Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation ● Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure ● Develop and implement national land development policy ● Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas ● Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology ● Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health ● Increase safe water storage measures in households ● Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters ● Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation ● Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities ● Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies ● Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ● Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program ● Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding ● Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources ● Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities ● Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture ● Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems ● Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops ● Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism ● Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion ● Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors ● Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.","{'text': 'Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology', 'answer_start': 162}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2752,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness ● Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation ● Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management ● Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning ● Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation ● Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure ● Develop and implement national land development policy ● Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas ● Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology ● Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health ● Increase safe water storage measures in households ● Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters ● Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation ● Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities ● Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies ● Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ● Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program ● Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding ● Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources ● Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities ● Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture ● Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems ● Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops ● Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism ● Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion ● Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors ● Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. An Adaptation Sub-Committee of the National Climate Change Committee has been established to facilitate this process and is comprised of key implementing agencies from the public sector as well as relevant civil society organizations and private sector representatives.","{'text': 'Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology', 'answer_start': 126}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2753,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Build adaptive capacity and resilience of the health sector Mainstream CC into the Health Sector Reduce taxation on private SectorUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Create enabling environment for the resilience of private sector investment, demonstrate an operational business case. Gaol: Leverage Public sector Investment Build the capacity of the private sector on climate related actions Improve monitoring and evaluation of corporate social responsibilities Integrate climate change adaptation into the mining/extractive sector Ensure the mining sector becomes climate smart and resilient Effective implementation of EIA Promote Afforestation practices Create alternative livelihoods of women in the mining sector through effective corporate social responsibilities Promote climate- smart agriculture and climate-resilient food security practices Goal: Ensure Climate e resilient agriculture Objective 1: Development of crop varieties adaptable to ensuring climate conditions Objective 2: Practicing alternative crop production on the same land Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Integrated management of crops and livestock management Develop and maintain seed banks to provide a variety of seed types that preserve biological diversity and enable farmers to make informed choices Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Provide appropriate infrastructure, social services and effective mechanization of agriculture in the rural areas to slowdown massive movements of youths into urban areas Mainstream Climate Change into Agricultural Development Strategies and ensure inclusion of women Improve research and knowledge management Scientific research conducted to ascertain Support the establishment of adequate weather stations around the country in order to provide reliable and adequate weather dataUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution capacities to Support Climate-Smart Agriculture and resilient land management robust data on risk and vulnerability of mangrove that will be useful to properly provide tailored climate services to farmers Provide adequate support to the Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute as well as Njala University to develop appropriate crop varieties and production practices that will enhance resilience to adverse weather conditions Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting, to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Develop modelling approaches and tools to allow assessment of impacts of climate change on export and domestic crops and meat production Develop regional links to fund and promote plant breeding programs for common crops Review approaches to integrated pest management under climate change Conduct a feasibility study to gather information on community perceptions of climate-smart agriculture techniques Improve institutional and functional capacities for integrated water management Improve planning and coordination of the use of the river basin, which may provide solutions to problems of water quality and supply Increase and maintain investment in hydrological monitoring and water use through a national database Fund research into adopting a water resources and water supply planning method under climate change Develop appropriate modelling tools to assist strategic planning of water resources Investigate shifting focus from groundwater to surface water storage for water supply to reduce the reliance on vulnerable coastal aquifersUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Enhance universal access to energy by promoting renewables and energy efficiency Establish and operationalize a National Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (NaCREEE) to promote off-grid Stand-alone Solar (SAS) investments through technical advice and knowledge sharing in the areas of policy and regulation, technology development and transfer, and public education Increase awareness of off-grid SAS and strengthen market knowledge by improving market intelligence Strengthen local institutions and empower the private sector through capacity, network, and partnership building Provide up-to-date market information through further studies and awareness raising campaigns Align technology development and knowledge transfer goals with regional goals set for 2030 Technically support the Energy Planning Unit in creating a pipeline of off-grid SAS projects Introduce solar technology management in school curricula and technical and vocational education at the tertiary level Develop guidelines for the standardization of off-grid solar systems including technical equipment, design and assessment methods, operations and maintenance procedures, and environmental compliance Mobilize financial institutions to create investment packages and counterpart funding Mainstream considerations of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion into Goal: Ensure maximum gender dimension in addressing Climate challenges Expand women’s and youth employment opportunities and participation in the management of off-grid solar energy interventionsUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution sectoral plans and strategies Objective1: Include more women and Youths in addressing climate change challenges Build women-led partnerships at the local level to facilitate knowledge exchange, resource mobilization, and sustained quality of services Bridge the gap in the proportion of women to men employment as solar technicians, engineers, and project managers by promoting the entry of more women into jobs delivered within the sector through information, communication, education campaigns, scholarships, and job placements Build the capacities of youth, women, PWDs, and other disadvantaged groups in using off-grid solar energy resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans.","{'text': 'Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy', 'answer_start': 873}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2754,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Gaol: Leverage Public sector Investment Build the capacity of the private sector on climate related actions Improve monitoring and evaluation of corporate social responsibilities Integrate climate change adaptation into the mining/extractive sector Ensure the mining sector becomes climate smart and resilient Effective implementation of EIA Promote Afforestation practices Create alternative livelihoods of women in the mining sector through effective corporate social responsibilities Promote climate- smart agriculture and climate-resilient food security practices Goal: Ensure Climate e resilient agriculture Objective 1: Development of crop varieties adaptable to ensuring climate conditions Objective 2: Practicing alternative crop production on the same land Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Integrated management of crops and livestock management Develop and maintain seed banks to provide a variety of seed types that preserve biological diversity and enable farmers to make informed choices Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Provide appropriate infrastructure, social services and effective mechanization of agriculture in the rural areas to slowdown massive movements of youths into urban areas Mainstream Climate Change into Agricultural Development Strategies and ensure inclusion of women Improve research and knowledge management Scientific research conducted to ascertain Support the establishment of adequate weather stations around the country in order to provide reliable and adequate weather dataUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution capacities to Support Climate-Smart Agriculture and resilient land management robust data on risk and vulnerability of mangrove that will be useful to properly provide tailored climate services to farmers Provide adequate support to the Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute as well as Njala University to develop appropriate crop varieties and production practices that will enhance resilience to adverse weather conditions Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting, to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Develop modelling approaches and tools to allow assessment of impacts of climate change on export and domestic crops and meat production Develop regional links to fund and promote plant breeding programs for common crops Review approaches to integrated pest management under climate change Conduct a feasibility study to gather information on community perceptions of climate-smart agriculture techniques Improve institutional and functional capacities for integrated water management Improve planning and coordination of the use of the river basin, which may provide solutions to problems of water quality and supply Increase and maintain investment in hydrological monitoring and water use through a national database Fund research into adopting a water resources and water supply planning method under climate change Develop appropriate modelling tools to assist strategic planning of water resources Investigate shifting focus from groundwater to surface water storage for water supply to reduce the reliance on vulnerable coastal aquifersUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Enhance universal access to energy by promoting renewables and energy efficiency Establish and operationalize a National Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (NaCREEE) to promote off-grid Stand-alone Solar (SAS) investments through technical advice and knowledge sharing in the areas of policy and regulation, technology development and transfer, and public education Increase awareness of off-grid SAS and strengthen market knowledge by improving market intelligence Strengthen local institutions and empower the private sector through capacity, network, and partnership building Provide up-to-date market information through further studies and awareness raising campaigns Align technology development and knowledge transfer goals with regional goals set for 2030 Technically support the Energy Planning Unit in creating a pipeline of off-grid SAS projects Introduce solar technology management in school curricula and technical and vocational education at the tertiary level Develop guidelines for the standardization of off-grid solar systems including technical equipment, design and assessment methods, operations and maintenance procedures, and environmental compliance Mobilize financial institutions to create investment packages and counterpart funding Mainstream considerations of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion into Goal: Ensure maximum gender dimension in addressing Climate challenges Expand women’s and youth employment opportunities and participation in the management of off-grid solar energy interventionsUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution sectoral plans and strategies Objective1: Include more women and Youths in addressing climate change challenges Build women-led partnerships at the local level to facilitate knowledge exchange, resource mobilization, and sustained quality of services Bridge the gap in the proportion of women to men employment as solar technicians, engineers, and project managers by promoting the entry of more women into jobs delivered within the sector through information, communication, education campaigns, scholarships, and job placements Build the capacities of youth, women, PWDs, and other disadvantaged groups in using off-grid solar energy resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans. Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health sector Monitor and control WASH activities in informal settlements Develop local institutional capacity Goal: The development of local institutional support to Monitor academic and public news media to keep informed about changes in climate 10,000,000Updated Nationally Determined Contribution to support coastal resources management stakeholders for sustainable management of coastal resources.","{'text': 'Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy', 'answer_start': 835}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2755,ZAF,South Africa,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Africa%20updated%20first%20NDC%20September%202021.pdf,"5 Goals and actions are covered in each elements contained in this NDC as per the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy published on: www.environment.gov.zaSouth Africa’s First NDC, 2020/21 Update 11 Elements Undertaking for the period Assumptions / Methodologies / Context Efforts Adaptation investment settlements should be prioritised in addressing climate risks such as sea-level rise and flooding. Infrastructure: Ensure the development and deployment of climate-resilient infrastructure that enhance water and energy security. Integration of climate information into infrastructure development planning. South Africa should ensure that climate-proof of all new infrastructure development projects and facilities retrofitting of old infrastructure to achieve climate-resilient society. 1. Enhance early warning, vulnerability and adaptation monitoring system for period of 2. Promote research and development in application, localization, transfer and adoption of technology within key climate-sensitive sector for the period 2021- 2030; 3.","{'text': 'Ensure the development and deployment of climate-resilient infrastructure that enhance water and energy security.', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2756,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"In forestry, adaptation measures (many of which also have strong mitigation benefits) include reforestation/afforestation, natural and active/assisted regeneration, forest protection from cutting, grazing, fire, pests etc., improved and sustainable management of existing forest, improved pasture productivity, promoting crosscutting actions: integrated land management, improving the regulatory framework, strengthening law enforcement, developing a sustainable financing system, conducting inventory and monitoring, and investing in science and innovation. List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles.","{'text': 'providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas;', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2757,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles. List of adaptation measures in the industry and construction sector: ● equipping large enterprises with modern energy-saving and digital technologies; ● a national industrial sector that embraces the environmental protection and creation of a green economy; introduction of rational consumption and production patterns; greening of industry; ● development of sustainable infrastructure based on the implementation of green investment projects; ● creation of early warning systems for the adoption of protective measures and prevention of damage and loss of infrastructure.","{'text': 'providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas;', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2758,TON,Tonga,LTS,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Links to other mitigation sectors: All sectors. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Engage with donors and partners to source funds for infrastructure management and design, particularly on stormwater management and road design. GHG emissions reduction potential: This action does not contribute to GHG reduction but could contribute to protection of low emission infrastructure assets. Description: Integrate stormwater drainage infrastructure into urban road network and implement maintenance regime to enhance longevity of infrastructure. The action requires the systematic integration of stormwater planning in the design and construction of roads and pavements in urban areas. This complements the Road Maintenance Fund established in 2013. Technical support to enhance the work of the National Spatial Planning Agency Office (NSPAO) and the Road Committee will be needed. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Install and maintain stormwater management infrastructure. Location: Urban areas. Timeline: Road Committee has been established and Road Maintenance Fund is operational.","{'text': 'Integrate stormwater drainage infrastructure into urban road network', 'answer_start': 52}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2759,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"b) Promoting climate resilient human settlements development. Health a) Promoting climate-resilient public health system. b) Improving early warning systems for climate-sensitive disease outbreaks. c) Strengthening monitoring, climate sensitive diseases surveillance and reporting systems. d) Promoting vulnerability and risk assessment of climate change risks on human health. a) Promoting climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for energy, transport, water supply, health, and other relevant sectors. b) Promoting the use of climate service during the designing and development of new infrastructure. 10 FYDPII includes the expected result of “Climate change impacts on key infrastructure and settlements addressed by 2020” (p. 170).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 12 c) Mainstreaming of climate change in the engineering and architecture curricula. d) Strengthening early warning system and weather forecasting and dissemination infrastructure.","{'text': 'Promoting climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for energy, transport, water supply, health, and other relevant sectors', 'answer_start': 47}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2760,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Vanuatu Infrastructure Strategy and Implementation Plan A66 Vanuatu commits to assessing, for all new government infrastructure investments, the “Resilience of Project Assets to Climate Change and Natural Disaster Risk”, and build to high climate change and disaster risk reduction standards, with backup, failover, low vulnerability location, etc. Vanuatu Infrastructure Strategy and Implementation Plan pp 110 and A67 Vanuatu commits to ensuring that the design and construction of public and other major infrastructure and development projects consider current and projected risks to minimise loss and damage, especially by developing and adhering to climate-proofed building codes, environmental impact assessments, regulations and development guidelines.VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES Planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change resilience must include persons with disabilities at the national, provincial and community levels. Evidence from Vanuatu indicates that persons with disabilities experience greater risk in a disaster.","{'text': 'Vanuatu commits to ensuring that the design and construction of public and other major infrastructure and development projects consider current and projected risks to minimise loss and damage, especially by developing and adhering to climate-proofed building codes, environmental impact assessments, regulations and development guidelines.', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2761,SYR,Syrian Arab Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/FirstNDC-Eng-Syrian%20Arab%20Republic.pdf,"- Preparation of programs and plans for the reduction and rehabilitation of soil degradation and conducting drift measurements in degraded areas by setting up test stations, preparation of soil degradation risk maps using remote sensing, monitoring and GIS techniques and implementation of projects for the rehabilitation of affected areas.- Developing studies and methods for identifying and controlling dust storms in affected or threatened areas through the use of green belts and barriers, as well as studying suitable plant species to mitigate the effects of long-term dust storms that are appropriate to the conditions of the region. 4. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans Many necessary measures have been adopted to develop and implement integrated coastal zone management plans, taking into account the protection of coastal infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, ports, etc., in addition to capacity building of relevant institutions and public awareness on this matter.","{'text': 'protection of coastal infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, port', 'answer_start': 121}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2762,SYR,Syrian Arab Republic,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/FirstNDC-Eng-Syrian%20Arab%20Republic.pdf,"Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans Many necessary measures have been adopted to develop and implement integrated coastal zone management plans, taking into account the protection of coastal infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, ports, etc., in addition to capacity building of relevant institutions and public awareness on this matter. In this context, the Syrian Arab Republic reaffirms the necessity of an immediate implementation of the relevant UN resolutions in which request “Israel”, the occupying Power, to resume its responsibilities for repairing the environmental damage, including the restoration of the Syrian marine environment, as a result to the massive destruction by the Israeli Air Force in 2006 of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Jiyah electric power plant in Lebanon, resulting in an oil slick covered the entirety of the Lebanese coastline, extended to the Syrian coastline and hindered efforts to achieve sustainable development.","{'text': 'protection of coastal infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, port', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2763,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"Supplemented by coastal zoning and monitoring, urban masterplans that lay guidelines for operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure, and design and construction of planned infrastructure, are serving as a foundation for effective adaptation plans for the UAE infrastructure sector. Across the UAE, green building design andconstruction is being promoted, minimum requirements for protection of new coastal developments from sea level rise are being set, existing buildings and facilities are being refurbished, and flood monitoring and management systems are being enhanced. Public infrastructure is being continuously upgraded and enhanced to harness benefits of new technologies and practices. Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans.","{'text': 'Public infrastructure is being continuously upgraded and enhanced to harness benefits of new technologies and practices.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2764,IDN,Indonesia,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20NDC%20Indonesia%202021%20-%20corrected%20version.pdf,"Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD Climate resilient cities. x Promote development of climate proof cities. x Awareness campaign on the importance of integrating climate vulnerability, risks and impacts in city planning and development. x Capacity building and institutional strengthening x Revitalization of city infrastructure to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change impacts. x Increase urban forest area and other green open spaces -- o 0 o --","{'text': 'Promote development of climate proof cities.', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2765,IDN,Indonesia,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/ENDC%20Indonesia.pdf,"• Development and implementation of in situ and ex situ conservation. • Prevention and eradication of invasive alien species. • Protection of existing and development of new marine protected areas. • Restoration of degraded mangroves and peatland • Enhance conservation education, including engaging adat communities for indigenous knowledge and local wisdom. Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem, water Ecosystem Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 4. Integrated watershed management • Developing climate resilient watershed ecosystem management. • Improve watershed management planning by taking into account climate vulnerability, risks and impacts. • Developing policy instruments and tools to assess climate vulnerability, risks, and impacts to national priority watersheds. Water, ecosystem, disaster Water, ecosystem, disaster Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 1. Climate resilient cities. • Promote development of climate proof cities. • Awareness campaign on the importance of integrating climate vulnerability, risks and impacts in city planning and development. • Capacity building and institutional strengthening Ecosystem, disaster Disaster energyKEY PROGRAM STRATEGY ACTION PRIORITY FIELD NOTE • Revitalisation of city infrastructure to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change impacts. • Increase urban forest area and other green open spaces Ecosystem, disaster Disaster energy -- o 0 o --","{'text': 'Promote development of climate proof cities.', 'answer_start': 132}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2766,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years. Contributions Conditional By 2030, climate-proof (e.g., by widening, elevating, repairing and/or relocating) all major island ring roads, airport access roads and arterial roads Conditional By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (including larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)Climate Change Co-Benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather related emergencies Means of Implementation Requirements The FSM’s Infrastructure Development Plan FY 2016 – FY2025 identifies needs totaling USD 209 million and USD 79 million for road and pedestrian and maritime infrastructure projects, respectively.","{'text': 'Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather related emergencies', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2767,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"Contributions Conditional By 2030, climate-proof (e.g., by widening, elevating, repairing and/or relocating) all major island ring roads, airport access roads and arterial roads Conditional By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (including larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)Climate Change Co-Benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather related emergencies Means of Implementation Requirements The FSM’s Infrastructure Development Plan FY 2016 – FY2025 identifies needs totaling USD 209 million and USD 79 million for road and pedestrian and maritime infrastructure projects, respectively. Including air transportation and broader climate change adaptation projects would add another USD 103 million to total requirements for transportation infrastructure over the period.","{'text': 'Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather related emergencies', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2768,GHA,Ghana,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/GH_INDC_2392015.pdf,"The following priority adaptation policy actions will be implemented in order to achieve Ghana’s INDC adaptation goal. Sector Strategic Area INDC Policy Actions No of Programme of Actions Agriculture and food security Sustainable land use Agriculture resilience building in climate vulnerable landscapes Sustainable forest resource management Value addition-based utilization of forest resources Resilient Infrastructure in built environment Climate resilient strategic infrastructure City-wide resilient infrastructure planning Early warning and disaster prevention Climate change and health Equitable social development Managing climate-induced health risk Water resources Integrated water resources management Gender and the vulnerable Resilience for Gender and the Vulnerable Some of the priority adaptation policy actions we have presented will yield positive synergies with mitigation policy actions7. 7 Refer to the Annex 2 for the detail description on adaptation policy actions3. Means of Implementation 3.1 Investment Requirements In the 10-year period, Ghana intends to mobilize nearly USD 22.6 billion investment from both domestic and international public and private sources.","{'text': 'City-wide resilient infrastructure planning', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2769,GHA,Ghana,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/GH_INDC_2392015.pdf,"Value addition-based utilization of forest resources Governance reform for utilization of forest resources for sustainable energy use and biodiversity business. National bio-energy strategy. Sustainable energy for all action plan National Forest and Wildlife Policy Manage 413,000ha fragile, ecologically sensitive and culturally significant sites in 22 administrative district in the forest and savannah areas. City-wide resilient infrastructure planning Building standards for strategic infrastructure in housing, transport, coastal, waste management, telecommunication and energy) adopted in 10 urban administrative regions. Local Government Act 462. National Building Regulation Early warning and disaster prevention Expand and modernize the current 22 synoptic stations based on needs assessment, and increase the number to 50 stations for efficient weather information management Ghana Meteorological Agency Act 682. Managing climate- induced health risks Strengthen climate related disease surveillance in vulnerable communities in 3 Districts.","{'text': 'City-wide resilient infrastructure planning', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2770,GUY,Guyana,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Guyana%27s%20revised%20NDC%20-%20Final.pdf,"Climate change considerations will be mainstreamed in all sectors of national development. The GoG is currently in the process of preparing a Climate Resilience Strategy and Action Plan (CRSAP) which is expected to provide a comprehensive framework for adaptation and resilience building in Guyana. Guyana will continue and finalize its work on the CRSAP, but will require significant resources to implement it. Conditional contributions Given the requisite support, Guyana will undertake actions in the following areas: • Implementation of the CRSAP. • Upgrading infrastructure and other assets to protect against flooding. • Mangrove restoration. • Hinterland Adaptation Measures. • Development and implementation of Early Warning Systems. • Enhanced weather forecasting including microclimate studies and localized forecasting.","{'text': 'Upgrading infrastructure and other assets to protect against flooding', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2771,KEN,Kenya,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kenya_NDC_20150723.pdf,"Any reasonable achievement of the adaptation goal will require financial, technology and capacity building support.MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MTP SECTOR PRIORITY ADAPTATION ACTIONS Public sector reforms Integrate climate change adaptation into the public sector reforms. Human Resource Development, Labour and Employment Enhance adaptive capacity and resilience of the informal private sector. Infrastructure Climate proofing of infrastructure (energy, transport, buildings, ICT). Land Reforms Mainstream climate change adaptation in land reforms. Education and training Enhance education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information on climate change adaptation across public and private sectors. Health Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health sector. Environment Enhance climate information services. Enhance the resilience of ecosystems to climate variability and change.","{'text': 'Climate proofing of infrastructure (energy, transport, buildings, ICT)', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2772,MDV,Maldives,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20INDC.pdf,"· Establish mechanisms to ensure food security to citizens in case of extreme events and market irregularities. Infrastructure Resilience Considering the highly vulnerable nature of the Maldives the critical infrastructure in the country require additional protection from the potential adverse impacts of climate change. The Ibrahim Nasir International Airport, and other international and domestic airports and sea-ports are crucial infrastructure in the Maldives. Increasing resilience of island communities is a critical challenge, which needs to be addressed to meet the adverse impacts of climate change. · The Ibrahim Nasir International Airport is planned forMaldives’ Intended Nationally Determined Contribution expansion to handle additional passenger capacity along with an additional runway. Moreover, coastal protection measure would be carried out to protect the shoreline of Hulhule (the Airport Island) as well as for other air and sea ports.","{'text': 'coastal protection measure would be carried out to protect the shoreline of Hulhule (the Airport Island) as well as for other air and sea ports.', 'answer_start': 110}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2773,MDV,Maldives,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Maldives%20INDC.pdf,"Moreover, coastal protection measure would be carried out to protect the shoreline of Hulhule (the Airport Island) as well as for other air and sea ports. · Malé Commercial Port that handles more than 90 percent of the imported cargo. To increase the capacity and reduce the impacts of high winds and seas to the operation of the port, the commercial port would be relocated to a different island called Thilafushi. · Increase resilience and climate proofing of all critical infrastructures across the country including utility services, health care facilities, and telecommunications. · A National Building Code will be established to provide guidance to the planners, architects and engineers to integrate climate and weather related factors into the designs of buildings and facilities.","{'text': 'coastal protection measure would be carried out to protect the shoreline of Hulhule (the Airport Island) as well as for other air and sea ports.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2774,MUS,Mauritius,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20INDC%20for%20Mauritius%2028%20Sept%202015.pdf,"However, the costs of such adaptation measures are so exorbitant that Mauritius can only achieve its targets if financial support in terms of grant and technical support from partners is made available to enable it to implement the plans to protect life and property and mitigate any propensity of migration of its population. Sector Priority Adaptation Actions Infrastructure Protection of infrastructure will be enhanced against climate change calamities Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy Objective is to understand disaster risk, implement disaster risk strategy, strengthen management of related governance and invest in resilience. Coastal Zone Management Improve awareness, enhance rehabilitation and strengthen regulatory framework for protection of beach, dunes and vegetation.","{'text': 'Protection of infrastructure will be enhanced against climate change calamities', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2775,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"Guarantee urban and industrial waste water treatment, ensuring quantity and good quality of water in human settlements larger than 500,000 inhabitants and to monitor their performance. iv. Apply the norm on specifications for environmental protection and adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change in the planning, design, construction, operation and abandonment of tourism facilities in coastal ecosystems. v. Guarantee the security of dams and strategic hydraulic infrastructure, as well as communications and transportation strategic infrastructure. vi. Strengthen the diversification of sustainable agriculture by conserving germplasm and native maize species, thermal comfort for livestock, development of agro-ecosystems, through the incorporation of climate criteria in agriculture programs.","{'text': 'Guarantee the security of dams and strategic hydraulic infrastructure, as well as communications and transportation strategic infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2776,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"An overview of the adaptation road map is presented below: Table 2: National Adaptation Priorities Long-term Vision To build a climate resilient society and economy by ensuring that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of the economy. Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through:  Integrated watershed management  Water conservation  Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism for managing extreme climate events and strengthening the development of disaster reduction and relief management systems based on risk assessments, aligned with the goals of Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 Near-term actions Led by the Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan shall develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) that will create a framework for guiding the mainstreaming of medium- and long-term climate change concerns into national sectoral policies, strategies and programmes.","{'text': 'Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions', 'answer_start': 160}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2777,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through:  Integrated watershed management  Water conservation  Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism for managing extreme climate events and strengthening the development of disaster reduction and relief management systems based on risk assessments, aligned with the goals of Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 Near-term actions Led by the Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan shall develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) that will create a framework for guiding the mainstreaming of medium- and long-term climate change concerns into national sectoral policies, strategies and programmes. The framework will help provide a basis for a more coordinated approach within and among different levels of government for climate-resilient development Sub-national adaptation planning capacity will be strengthened, leading to the formation of adaptation strategies and plans aligned with NAP that will facilitate local level adaptation and mainstream adaptation into sector -level policies at the sub-national level Disaster risk management capacity will be further enhanced through implementation of actions under ‘National Disaster Management Plan’ that includes strengthening of institutional and legal system for disaster management, preparation of disaster management plans, awareness raising and establishment of a national emergency response mechanism Support • Development of a multitude of professionals in the field of climate change through strengthened educational opportunities for individuals in the disciplines of geo-sciences, social sciences, management sciences, governance, policy formation and implementation • Providing financial support based on detailed cost assessments and balancing domestic contributions with needed support from the international community There is widespread potential for mitigation in all sectors of the national economy.","{'text': 'Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2778,SGP,Singapore,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore%20INDC.pdf,"The Singapore Government encourages food security research and development, and incentivises the adoption of technology to increase productivity and resilience of local farms. b. Infrastructure resilience: Singapore’s Building Control Act requires buildings to undergo periodic structural inspections to ensure structural resiliency. All road and rail structures also undergo regular inspections by registered professional engineers. To protect critical transport infrastructure from flood risks, flood barriers have been installed at subway stations that may be affected, with ongoing work to do so for the remaining ones. For energy and telecommunication services, private operators are required to meet performance standards and ensure network resilience, including through monitoring and maintenance. The Singapore Government constantly reviews and revises design codes, regulations and policies to account for new information and the latest climate projections.","{'text': 'To protect critical transport infrastructure from flood risks, flood barriers have been installed at subway stations that may be affected, with ongoing work to do so for the remaining ones.', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2779,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"Quinta Comunicación de México ante la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. PÁG. 44 Eje E. Protección de infraestructura estratégica y del patrimonio cultural tangible LÍNEA DE ACCIÓN LINEA DE ACCIÓN NUEVA SINERGIA CON MITIGACIÓN ODS E1. Incrementar la seguridad estructural y funcional de la infraestructura estratégica actual y por desarrollar ante eventos asociados al cambio climático E2. Incorporar criterios de adaptación al cambio climático y gestión integral del riesgo de desastres en proyectos de inversión de infraestructura estratégica E3. Proteger, restaurar y conservar el patrimonio cultural tangible ante impactos del cambio climático E4. Generar y fortalecer los instrumentos de financiamiento público, así como promover la inversión privada, para proyectos de infraestructura y patrimonio cultural que incorporen criterios de adaptaciónContribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional | PÁG. 45","{'text': 'Incrementar la seguridad estructural y funcional de la infraestructura estratégica actual y por desarrollar ante eventos asociados al cambio climático', 'answer_start': 41}",es-ES,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2780,RWA,Rwanda,1st NDC,R_Infrares,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf,"It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated “rush hour” high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center.","{'text': 'Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community.', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2781,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens and firstly focused on the GMA. • To reorganize public transport routes; set trunk lines into operation in exclusive lanes. • To modernize the concession scheme for 2021, which will reward efficient and decarbonized service provision. • To develop a profitable and innovative financial model that promotes efficiency and transparency in the service operation. 1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. • To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles).","{'text': 'To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2782,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Quantity of operating sectorized trunks Number of public transport modes with an operational electronic payment 1.1 To modernize public transport and to create an integrated and intermodal system. • 8 main trunk lines inoperation At least one public transport mode operates with a system of integrated electronic payment. 1.1.1 To implement the sectorization of the public transport services, in bus modality, in a manner aligned with the mobility needs of the citizens, and firstly focused on the GMA. o To reorganize public transport routes; set trunk lines into operation in exclusive lanes. o To modernize the concession scheme for 2021, which will reward efficient and decarbonized service provision. o To develop a profitable and innovative financial model that promotes efficiency and transparency in the service operation. 1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services.","{'text': 'To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services.', 'answer_start': 127}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2783,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"1.1.2 To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services. 1.1.3 To adopt measures that promote intermodality. o To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi-bicycles). o To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. o To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actors MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Users Bank MIVAH IFAM MOPT CTP Central Bank INCOFER ARESEP Operators MOPT CTP INCOFER IFAM MOPT CTP ARESEP INCOFER MINAE Private sector Usuarios 1. Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes.","{'text': 'To establish and operate an efficient and accessible Electronic Payment system for bus and train services.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2784,EEU,European Union,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution.","{'text': 'Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2785,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"In the field of logistics, in order to cope with the shortage of human resource and to achieve both efficiency and productivity improvements and decarbonization, the Government will build a new mobility service through green logistics initiatives, such as realization of more efficient and energy-saving transportation in the entire supply chain, promotion of logistics DX28 using AI, IoT, etc. with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail.","{'text': 'improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2786,JPN,Japan,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail. It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster. In the shipping sector, by promoting the development and implementation of low-carbon and decarbonizing technologies and leading the establishment of related international regulations, Japan will strategically strive for carbon-neutral maritime transportation.","{'text': 'improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2787,IDN,Indonesia,LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf,"• The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b.","{'text': '“Mobility as a service” will continue to grow.', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2788,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,S_Maas,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"Additionally, the Government will promote the use of micro mobility vehicles that enables energy efficient transportation according to various needs of all generations. The Government will also take measures to improve services and convenience with new mobility services and to achieve seamless public transportation with:- 47 - improving public transport such as railways; improving connection between transport modes through public-private partnership for development of transport hubs (modal connectiveness); utilizing existing public transport; computerization; improvements in transfer points, introducing park and ride, and; Mobility as a Service (MaaS). e. Logistics revolution The Government will facilitate the modal shift from automobile transportation to coastal shipping or rail transportation to reduce CO2 emission and measure labor shortage in the logistics.","{'text': 'Mobility as a Service (MaaS)', 'answer_start': 82}",en-US,How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
2789,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies. • To design the construction plans. • To prepare international bidding documents for the design, construction and operation phase. • To bid for the concession of the electric train construction. • To develop a financial and technical strategy for the construction and commissioning of the Electric Train aligned with a vision of intermodality and sustainable mobility. 1.1.6 To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality. 2. To promote the decarbonization of the public transport sector through the electrification and adoption of zero-emissions technologies Period goals • To implement electric buses pilot on at least 2 public transport routes. • Bus service concession contracts include specific goals and conditions associated with the use of electric or zero-emission buses.","{'text': 'To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality', 'answer_start': 66}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2790,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"o To articulate joint approaches to land use d planning and transport planning. 1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. o To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies. o To design the construction plans. o To prepare international bidding documents for the design, construction and operation phase. o To bid for the concession of the electric train construction • To develop a financial and technical strategy for the construction and commissioning of the Electric Train aligned with a vision of intermodality and sustainable mobility. 1.1.6. C6 To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality.","{'text': 'To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2791,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"C6 To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality. (Quick Win) 1.2.1 To establish the electrification of public transport program, which will include the implementation of three electric buses pilots, financing alternatives and incentives to test the process at the level of transportation companies level, considering tariffs that facilitate the inclusion of the technology in the model of service provision. o To implement three electric buses pilots - launched in June 2018 on the GMA routes. o To design and approve the tariff scheme INCOFER Presidency MOPT ICE Municipalities MOPT MINAE Presidency MINAE MOPT CTP ARESEP ICE Buses Operators Users Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actorsC. Funding Strategy and Investment Attraction for transformation: - To establish financial strategies that promote the efficient transition to technologies zero-emissions. - To encourage the supply of green credits. - To explore subsidies.","{'text': 'To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2792,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"• To define the Roadmap to consolidate a Research and Development (R&D) cluster in Hydrogen • To implement the inter-institutional action plan to promote the use of hydrogen in the transport sector. • To conduct pre-feasibility studies of the identified key projects, and define a business model • To design the pilot project of hydrogen public buses • To publicize the lessons in terms of costs, performance and infrastructure.1.2.5 To analyze the options for new undertakings and business models to promote shared mobility schemes in the country. 1.2.6 To launch communication campaigns that promotes public transport and zero-emissions. • To communicate about the benefits of zero-emissions public transport in the long-term and its relationship with the goal of decarbonization.","{'text': 'To launch communication campaigns that promotes public transport and zero-emissions.', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2793,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 2.2.1 To launch zero-emissions transport promotion campaigns. To develop educational campaigns to cut down myths associated with electric technology in vehicles. 2.2.2 To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies. 2.2.3 To launch vehicle scrapping pilot program. • To define a ""roadmap"" for the implementation of the scrappage model and business scheme. 2.2.4 To design a roadmap for the efficient management of electric vehicle batteries at the end of their life cycle. • To analyze possible business models under the circular economy approach. 2.2.5 To consolidate the development of the national biofuels industry. • To implement the National Biofuels Strategy. • To implement demonstration projects with the MAG.","{'text': 'To launch zero-emissions transport promotion campaigns. To develop educational campaigns to cut down myths associated with electric technology in vehicles.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2794,JPN,Japan,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf,"The Government will pursue the possibilities of decarbonizing through such approaches. In order to make it easier to transport without private vehicles the shift to public transportation of low CO2 emissions, such as railways and buses, and further use of bicycles will be promoted through initiatives such as commuting traffic management by the operators and public awareness activities. Additionally, the Government aims to reduce CO2 emissions in logistics and distribution by reducing redelivery with cooperation among shippers and logistics and deliver- 55 - companies, diversification and improved convenience in delivery methods for courier services, and improving the environment for active participation of consumers.","{'text': 'In order to make it easier to transport without private vehicles the shift to public transportation of low CO2 emissions, such as railways and buses, and further use of bicycles will be promoted through initiatives such as commuting traffic management by the operators and public awareness activities.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2795,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• the enforcement and adaptation of registration taxes, in particular with and the enforcement of the 10% tax on luxury vehicles and the integration of a tax on transit vehicles by 2025. • Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector). • Promote diesel particulate filters for road and off-road vehicles. • Continuation of road upgrading and construction. • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.","{'text': 'Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector)', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2796,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Create secure and attractive urban cycling and walking pathways and routes • Reduce GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport. • Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public transportation, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, to make mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs. • Promote EV mobility in Seychelles. 7.1.2.3 Solid Waste ManagementFor waste management, the Government policy in the previous NDC was to capture 50% landfill gas from disused Providence I landfill for flaring by 2025 (17kt CO2e). At the time of this update (2021), the Country is making use of Providence II landfill (disposal unit 1) since 2015 and with expected end life of 2025.","{'text': 'Promote EV mobility in Seychelles', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2797,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.","{'text': 'Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week).', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2798,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport', 'answer_start': 228}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2799,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2800,TON,Tonga,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Policies to operationalise this will include bans on certains types of vehicles, regulations on imported vehicles to meet low sulfur standards (e.g. Euro 4), high import tariffs on inefficient vehicles and lower tariffs for efficient vehicles, and a maximum age of imported vehicles of 5 years. This will be accompanied by enforcement with penalties. An awareness raising campaign will support behavioural change and promote the benefits of this approach, as well as raise awareness of enforcement and penalties. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Inspection equipment and buildings, or specific areas for tests and inspections. Capacity measures will need to involve a broad range of stakeholders. General awareness raising with the public in the short and medium , to provide everyone with good access to information, particularly on enforcement and penalties.","{'text': 'An awareness raising campaign will support behavioural change and promote the benefits of this approach, as well as raise awareness of enforcement and penalties', 'answer_start': 54}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2801,TON,Tonga,LTS,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.","{'text': 'This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking.', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2802,TON,Tonga,1st NDC,I_Campaigns,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga%20INDC.pdf,Energy Efficiency strategy 2016-2017  √ Building on PEEP and PEEP2 Enforcement of Minimum Energy Performance Standards Regulation [Cooling Equipment] 2013-2017   √ SPC AusAid. (AUD 2.7m) Additional activities to achieve 50% renewable electricity generation by 2020: Network Efficiency: & Power System Monitoring: Village Electricity Network Upgrade 2014-2016     Funded by NZ (40m NZD) Diesel Engines Fuel Efficiency Services Training 2016-2020   Solar Vehicle Public awareness Tour Project 2015-2020   Identified Private Sector Investment Interest Additional activities to achieve 100% renewable electricity generation by 2030: Geothermal Power Generation 2020-2030   JICA interest Biomass and Waste Power Generation 2020-2030   China interest Investment in Resilience: Scientific and technology transfer 2015-2030   JICA interest Disaster Resilience 2015-2030   World Bank Sea Wall and Foreshore Protection 2015-2030   ADB and EU Climate Proofing Public Infrastructure 2015-2030   World Bank Housing 2015-2030   TBC,"{'text': 'Solar Vehicle Public Awareness Tour Project', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
2803,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,• To analyze the implications of the tariff scheme and identify improvements to facilitate technology adoption in taxis. • To identify financing scheme to facilitate renewal of the taxi fleet. • To design a pilot program for the electrification of taxis. 1.2.3 To explore the technical and financial feasibility of creating a public fund to improve the conditions of the transition to electric public transport. 1.2.4 To design a plan to promote hydrogen and other zero-emissions technologies. • To define the Roadmap to consolidate a Research and Development (R&D) cluster in Hydrogen • To implement the inter-institutional action plan to promote the use of hydrogen in the transport sector.,"{'text': 'To explore the technical and financial feasibility of creating a public fund to improve the conditions of the transition to electric public transport.', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2804,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,o To establish a schedule for the implementation of the fleet electrification. o To align concession contracts of 2021 with objectives and goals of the Decarbonization Plan and Law 9518: Incentives and Promotion for Electric Transportation. 1.2.2 To identify and evaluate the best options to electrify the taxi fleet. o To analyze the implications of the tariff scheme and identify improvements to facilitate technology adoption in taxis. o To identify financing scheme to facilitate renewal of the taxi fleet. o To design a pilot program for the electrification of taxis. 1.2.3. To explore the technical and financial feasibility of creating a public fund to improve the conditions of the transition to electric public transport. 1.2.4. To design a plan to promote hydrogen and other zero-emission technologies.,"{'text': 'To explore the technical and financial feasibility of creating a public fund to improve the conditions of the transition to electric public transport.', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2805,DNK,Denmark,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"· Implementation of DKK 50 million for charging points and DKK 24 million to promote commercial carriage and DKK 1 million to analyse the potential for transitioning domestic ferries to renewable energy as part of the realisation of the green transport pool in 2020 and an analysis of the pricing structure for publicly accessible charging points. · Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.","{'text': 'Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2806,DNK,Denmark,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"· Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries. · The Government’s climate initiative for road transport defines the framework for the future regula- tion of road transport that will generate a total reduction of one million tonnes of CO2e across initi- atives in the area of passenger cars and heavy transport. Development initiatives and EU regulation: · The Government will work out a strategy for the further development of the renewable fuels market in Denmark as a transitional scheme towards 2035.","{'text': 'Advancement of the remaining implementation of the green transport pool for 2020 and 2021, as well as enlarging the pool by an additional DKK 50 million, so that total priorities amount to DKK 425 million in 2020 and 2020 for charging points, promotion of green commercial carriage and transitioning to green ferries.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2807,FJI,Fiji,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"X X 0.05 – 0.2 MoIT, MoE Immediate Policy Incentives. Economic instruments (e.g., tax incentives) to drive transition of all small motors from fossil fuel to sail or RE powered small motors (e.g., electric outboards) X X X 0.1 – 0.25 MoE, FRCS Immediate Fuel Efficiency Standards. Vessel imports subject to increasingly stringent efficiency standards and fossil fuel powered vessels increasingly penalized X X X X 0.05-0.15 MITT, MSAF, FRCS Immediate Financing modalities for second phase of investments established to support uptake of new technologies. Vessel financing modality programme established and implemented to support public and private sector uptake of new technologies including wind hybrid, battery hybrid, Wing-in-Ground. X X X 50-100 MoEcon, MoIT, FRCS Medium- to long-term Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing.","{'text': 'Financing modalities for second phase of investments established to support uptake of new technologies. Vessel financing modality programme established and implemented to support public and private sector uptake of new technologies including wind hybrid, battery hybrid, Wing-in-Ground', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2808,FRA,France,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Other alternative fuels, such as synthetic kerosene, could be used if their environmental and energy balance proves relevant. a) Guideline T 1: provide the sector with incentive price signals Find a way to gradually standardise intra-European competition in road transport, in order to standardise fuel tax rates at European level or within a group of neighbouring Member States, particularly for professional road transport, in line with the objectives of greening fleets and with public policy objectives (e.g. for public transport). Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.","{'text': 'provide the sector with incentive price signals', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2809,FRA,France,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.","{'text': 'strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2810,ISL,Iceland,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.","{'text': 'Incentives for active mobility', 'answer_start': 192}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2811,ISL,Iceland,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf,"Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping. | In progress: Work is well underway to implement the measure and many aspects are well under way.","{'text': 'Incentives for active mobility', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2812,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).","{'text': 'Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).', 'answer_start': 147}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2813,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.","{'text': 'Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).', 'answer_start': 49}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2814,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Déploiement maximisé des énergies renouvelables (énergie solaire et éolienne, coopération européenne) et rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène renouvelable (stratégie hydrogène, décarbonisation d’activités difficiles à électrifier) 3. Options de stockage de l’énergie (options de flexibilité et stockage), réseau électrique intelligent (intégration des énergies renouvelables) et synergies par couplage sectoriel (électrification) 1. Nouvelles constructions décarbonisées, durables, circulaires, résilientes et intelligentes (approche holistique, bâtiments à consommation d’énergie quasi nulle, pompes à chaleur) 2. Rénovations énergétiques profondes et durables (stratégie de rénovation à long terme, feuilles de route de rénovation de bâtiments, réseaux de chaleur) 3. Quartiers à énergie positive, durables et denses (aménagement d’éco-quartiers, communautés énergétiques, densification du parc immobilier) 3. Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1.","{'text': 'diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins', 'answer_start': 112}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2815,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Mobilité (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilité favorisant les transports publics et la mobilité active (plan national de mobilité, pistes cyclables dédiées, attractivité des transports publics, réseau ferroviaire transeuropéen avec connexion appropriée) 2. Déploiement accéléré de véhicules à zéro émissions (électrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. Décarbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (stratégie de décarbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur aérien et maritime (solutions à l’échelle européenne et mondiale, systèmes d’échange de quotas d’émission) 4. Economie (stratégie de décarbonisation de l’industrie, système d’échange de quotas d’émission de l’UE, efficacité énergétique, électrification, hydrogène) 1. Economie circulaire (stratégie pour une économie circulaire Luxembourg, stratégie « Null Offall Lëtzebuerg ») 2.","{'text': 'diminution des écarts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins', 'answer_start': 5}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2816,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"As one of the world’s major car manufacturing countries, Korea is striving to be agile in responding to future demand and cutting GHG emissions from the transportation sector. Aiming at the world’s most competitive future mobility industry by 2030, we are intensively investing in technology innovations in green vehicle production while coming up with various incentive programs to boost domestic demands for eco-friendly vehicles. The environment-friendly vehicle deployment target scheme requires automakers to produce and sell a certain percentage (15% in 2020) of eco-friendly vehicles of their new car sales. From 2020, the public sector can purchase eco-friendly vehicles only. We are providing eco-friendly vehicle subsidies for different type of vehicles ranging from passenger cars, to buses, trucks, and two-wheelers.","{'text': 'We are providing eco-friendly vehicle subsidies for different type of vehicles ranging from passenger cars, to buses, trucks, and two-wheelers.', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2817,KOR,Republic of Korea,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf,"We are providing eco-friendly vehicle subsidies for different type of vehicles ranging from passenger cars, to buses, trucks, and two-wheelers. The Government is focusing on building necessary infrastructure to ensure EV drivers could easily find charging stations available nationwide. Implementing such programs has contributed to a surge in accumulated number of eco-friendly vehicles which has quadrupled for the latest 3 years. We deployed the largest fleet of hydrogen vehicles in 2019 and was ranked 8th in the world in terms of the number of registered EVs (cumulative). <Table 2-8> Electric and hydrogen vehicle deployment and their subsidies Eco-friendly vehicle registration (cumulative) Subsidies (KRW 100 mn) In 2007, Korea introduced a requirement of renewable fuel (biodiesel) content in transportation fuel (diesel) at a certain rate.","{'text': 'We are providing eco-friendly vehicle subsidies for different type of vehicles ranging from passenger cars, to buses, trucks, and two-wheelers.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2818,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport', 'answer_start': 153}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2819,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2820,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars. Set up financial support mechanisms from the EU and Slovakia so that they can finance as many decarbonisation measures in the transport sector as possible, including reducing the administrative burden when submitting projects. Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.).","{'text': 'Set up financial support mechanisms from the EU and Slovakia so that they can finance as many decarbonisation measures in the transport sector as possible, including reducing the administrative burden when submitting projects', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2821,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"Long-term perspectives have already been adopted with various measures. They not only put Switzerland on course to halve emissions by 2030, but also have a long-term impact in relation to the net-zero target by 2050. The complete revision provides for the following measures: • A Climate Fund will be set up to finance climate protection measures. They will include measures to cut CO2 emissions from buildings and the funding of technologies and other measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This covers the promotion of measures aimed at innovative and direct reduction of the climate impacts of aviation, climate-friendly cross-border passenger transport (such as night trains) and measures undertaken by the cantons and communes.","{'text': 'A Climate Fund will be set up to finance climate protection measures. They will include measures to cut CO2 emissions from buildings and the funding of technologies and other measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This covers the promotion of measures aimed at innovative and direct reduction of the climate impacts of aviation, climate-friendly cross-border passenger transport (such as night trains) and measures undertaken by the cantons and communes.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2822,CHE,Switzerland,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf,"The complete revision allows vehicle im- porters to now include synthetic fuels in the calculation of the CO2 emissions of the new vehicle fleet. • In public transport, disincentives to switch from diesel-fuelled buses to buses with lower greenhouse gas emissions will be eliminated as the partial mineral oil tax rebate for licensed transport companies gradually expires: initially in local transport from 2026, and also in regional passenger transport from 2030 unless topographical conditions prevent climate-friendly alternatives. The additional revenues from the mineral oil tax are earmarked for promoting CO2-neutral, renewable drive technologies. • Two new steering levies are provided for in aviation. At least half of the revenues will be redistributed to the population and economy.","{'text': 'In public transport, disincentives to switch from diesel-fuelled buses to buses with lower greenhouse gas emissions will be eliminated as the partial mineral oil tax rebate for licensed transport companies gradually expires: initially in local transport from 2026, and also in regional passenger transport from 2030 unless topographical conditions prevent climate-friendly alternatives. The additional revenues from the mineral oil tax are earmarked for promoting CO2-neutral, renewable drive technologies', 'answer_start': 25}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2823,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying. • The UK will play an important role in developing zero emission maritime technology, such as alternative fuel powered vessels using ammonia or methanol produced from low carbon hydrogen, or highly efficient batteries, particularly where we can build on domestic expertise to capture early market share. • As we have stated in the Ten Point Plan and the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we need to ensure that the taxation of motoring keeps pace with the change to electric vehicles to ensure that we can continue to fund the first-class public services and infrastructure that people and families across the UK expect.","{'text': 'we need to ensure that the taxation of motoring keeps pace with the change to electric vehicles t', 'answer_start': 104}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2824,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• As we have stated in the Ten Point Plan and the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we need to ensure that the taxation of motoring keeps pace with the change to electric vehicles to ensure that we can continue to fund the first-class public services and infrastructure that people and families across the UK expect. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back GreenerZero emission vehicles (ZEVs) The transition to zero emission cars and vans is leading the way in our effort to decarbonise transport. The car and van sector is easier to decarbonise compared to other sections of the economy, through the combination of a proven low carbon technology that has significant advantages over the existing high carbon technology it replaces, reducing costs and growing consumer demand.","{'text': 'we need to ensure that the taxation of motoring keeps pace with the change to electric vehicles t', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2825,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Así, pese a que se preveía que durante el 2022, y por un consumo medio, supondría un incremento de un céntimo por litro, lo que supone un incremento de tan sólo 4 euros al año, se ha aplazado su imposición debido al contexto energético y económico actual hasta el año 2023. Al ser una tasa finalista, ésta ha servido para rebajar el precio del abono mensual para utilizar el transporte público en todo el país. La medida entró en vigor el 1 de septiembre de 2021, y gracias a la tasa, a partir de este año 2022 se ha podido ofrecer gratuitamente el transporte público nacional, suponiendo un incremento de usuario de más del 100%.","{'text': 'Al ser una tasa finalista, ésta ha servido para rebajar el precio del abono mensual para utilizar el transporte público en todo el país', 'answer_start': 51}",es-ES,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2826,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"La medida entró en vigor el 1 de septiembre de 2021, y gracias a la tasa, a partir de este año 2022 se ha podido ofrecer gratuitamente el transporte público nacional, suponiendo un incremento de usuario de más del 100%. También se han rebajado las tarifas del transporte escolar, así como otras tarifas de ahorro para los más jóvenes. Con el objetivo de que la tasa verde repercuta de forma directa sobre la ciudadanía, también se ha incrementado la partida presupuestaria para el programa de ayudas para cambiar o mejorar el sistema de calefacción de gasoil por uno más sostenible y proveniente de energía renovable. Las ayudas han sido de hasta un 55% del presupuesto final de la renovación del sistema de calefacción.","{'text': 'También se han rebajado las tarifas del transporte escolar, así como otras tarifas de ahorro para los más jóvenes.', 'answer_start': 40}",es-ES,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2827,DEU,Germany,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 2050 / CABINET RESOLUTIONFunding electric mobility Due to the central importance of electric mobility in reducing GHG emissions from motorised road traffic, the German government will review its funding meas- ures at regular intervals and adapt them to develop- ments. Financial incentives To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector.","{'text': 'To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector.', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2828,DEU,Germany,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Klimaschutzplan_2050_eng_bf.pdf,"Financial incentives To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector. Modal split The German government will present a concept for how the shares accounted for by public transport, rail freight transport and inland shipping can be increased above the level indicated in the transport forecast for 2030. In this connection, target corridors for their shares in the modal split that are in line with the long- term climate target for transport are to be developed.","{'text': 'To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2829,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"It will be important to collaborate with these sectors, which include the planning system, housing and urban development, the energy sector and the tax system. What we are doing now Existing initiatives include: ► extending the light electric vehicle (EV) exemption from road user charges to 2024, which will continue to encourage New Zealanders to buy light EVs ► the Low Emissions Transport Fund (scope and funding increased from 2021). Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure ► the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives.","{'text': 'the Low Emissions Transport Fund (scope and funding increased from 2021). Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2830,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure ► the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives. In early 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in Aotearoa, to discourage purchase ► the Clean Car Standard (to be implemented in 2022), which will support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles. It will be strengthened over time ► transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this ► the zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate.","{'text': 'the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives. In early 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in Aotearoa, to discourage purchase', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2831,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,A_Finance,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"14 The Five Year Development Plan II (FYDPII) states as targets for “Proportion of energy derived from renewable green Energy” 50% by 2020/21 and 70% by 2025/26. However, under the plan this includes liquified petroleum gas. 15 As outlined in the Power System Master Plan (2016).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 18 electrification. e) Reducing the consumption of charcoal in urban and rural areas by promoting affordable alternative energy sources through a regulation policy for charcoal production and use. Transport a) Promoting low emission transport systems through deployment of mass rapid transport system and investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system and expansion/scaling up of BRT infrastructures. b) Promoting the use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems.","{'text': 'investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2832,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,M_Mechan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Activities 2.2.1 To launch zero-emissions transport promotion campaigns. To develop educational campaigns to cut down myths associated with electric technology in vehicles. 2.2.2 To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies. 2.2.3 To launch vehicle scrapping pilot program. • To define a ""roadmap"" for the implementation of the scrappage model and business scheme. 2.2.4 To design a roadmap for the efficient management of electric vehicle batteries at the end of their life cycle. • To analyze possible business models under the circular economy approach. 2.2.5 To consolidate the development of the national biofuels industry. • To implement the National Biofuels Strategy. • To implement demonstration projects with the MAG.","{'text': 'To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies.', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,Are there planned activities to define a financial mechanism within the country?
2833,CRI,Costa Rica,LTS,M_Mechan,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf,"Roadmap for production and use of biodiesel. Percentage of ethanol mixed with gasoline Roadmap document 2.2.2 To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies. 2.2.3 To launch vehicle scrapping pilot program. o To define a ""roadmap"" for the implementation of the scrappage model and business scheme. 2.2.4 To design a roadmap for the efficient management of electric vehicle batteries at the end of their life cycle. • To analyze possible business models under the circular economy approach. 2.2.5 To consolidate the development of the national biofuels industry. o To implement the National Biofuels Strategy. o To implement demonstration projects with the MAG. o To analyze potential vertical integration of RECOPE in agroindustrial chains, for example palm trees.","{'text': 'To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies.', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there planned activities to define a financial mechanism within the country?
2834,DNK,Denmark,LTS,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"In this regard, Denmark is already under way. For instance, measures have been adopted that will replace gas-fired and oil-fired boilers, convert arable land on organic soils, improve the energy efficiency in buildings, phase out coal and recycle waste.Parliament has also agreed on a measure of initiatives regarding the transport sec- tor. This includes a blend in requirement for the use of renewable energy fuels in 2021, future taxation of passenger cars and vans, and a displacement requirement concerning renewable energy fuels in the transport sector.","{'text': 'future taxation of passenger cars and vans', 'answer_start': 67}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2835,DNK,Denmark,LTS,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/ClimateProgramme2020-Denmarks-LTS-under-the%20ParisAgreement_December2020_.pdf,"This includes a blend in requirement for the use of renewable energy fuels in 2021, future taxation of passenger cars and vans, and a displacement requirement concerning renewable energy fuels in the transport sector. With the changes in tax- ation in the transport sector, the increase in incentives for buying and using zero or low-emission vehicles is expected to lead to 775.000 zero or low -emission passen- ger cars and vans in the Danish vehicles fleet by 2030. Furthermore, it has been decided to implement a distance-based toll for heavy-duty vehicles from 2025 that is expected to be based on a differentiation according to CO2e-emissions.","{'text': 'future taxation of passenger cars and vans', 'answer_start': 15}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2836,SGP,Singapore,LTS,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf,"To promote the adoption of cleaner and more environmentally friendly vehicles, the Government will implement an EV Early Adoption Incentive scheme from 2021 to 2023 to encourage the early adoption of cleaner vehicles. Under this incentive, drivers and businesses who purchase fully electric cars and taxis will receive a rebate of up to 45% off the vehicle’s Additional Registration Fee,22 capped at S$20,000. In addition, based on the promising results of the Vehicular Emissions Scheme that provides rebates to car owners and taxi operators who use cleaner car models, the Government will introduce a similar scheme, the Commercial Vehicle Emissions Scheme, for light goods vehicles. To make EVs more accessible and promote their adoption, Singapore will expand the public charging infrastructure for EVs.","{'text': 'In addition, based on the promising results of the Vehicular Emissions Scheme that provides rebates to car owners and taxi operators who use cleaner car models, the Government will introduce a similar scheme, the Commercial Vehicle Emissions Scheme, for light goods vehicles.', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2837,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"Current efforts seek to increase Brunei Darussalam’s carbon sink through reforestation efforts. At present, 104,920 trees are identified for current reforestation efforts, and a further 400,000 trees are proposed leading up to 2035. 1.3 BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035. This strategy seeks to promote the ownership of EV through the consideration of various policy related issues such as, but not limited to, the following: price of fuel and electricity; low EV prices (e.g. through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations).","{'text': 'annual Vehicle License (VL) fees;', 'answer_start': 96}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2838,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations). The establishment of the Electric Vehicle Joint Task Force (EVJTF) in 2019 consisting of relevant stakeholders will ensure the implementation of EV policy. Land transportation currently contributes about 13.6% of the total GHG emissions from the energy sector. In 2020, there are over 253,000 active private vehicles in Brunei Darussalam. There has been a steady increase in the number of gasoline and diesel vehicles in Brunei Darussalam since 2009. EVs are a viable transportation option for Brunei Darussalam as travelling pattern is primarily of short- distance with relatively inexpensive electricity for charging.","{'text': 'annual Vehicle License (VL) fees;', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2839,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,"Extension du tramway, qui apporte une solution de choix dans le transport de Casablanca. Limitation des émissions de certains gaz polluants provenant des émissions de véhicules. À partir de 2023, la norme oblige les constructeurs à produire des voitures plus propres, avec le respect, notamment, des taux d’émissions de particules fines et d’oxydes d’azote… Ainsi, à partir de janvier 2023, tous les véhicules particuliers et utilitaires (de catégories M et N) neufs mis sur le marché marocain devront être conformes à la norme Euro 6. Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.","{'text': 'Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.', 'answer_start': 85}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2840,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,"Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants. Le programme vise à remédier à la vétusté qui caractérise le parc professionnel du transport routier au Maroc à travers l’octroi de primes de renouvellement et de casse selon des conditions d’admissibilité définies dans le cadre des lois de finances. L’adoption des bonnes pratiques de l’écoconduite vise à réduire la facture de consommation de carburant et les frais d’entretien des véhicules, à polluer moins l’environnement et contribuer à améliorer la sécurité routière. Cette action vise la convergence, avec un décalage de 10 ans en 2030, vers l’application du Règlement européen établissant des normes de performance en matière d’émissions de CO2 pour les véhicules particuliers neufs et pour les véhicules utilitaires légers neufs.","{'text': 'Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2841,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced reliance on imported energy supply. Table 5.3 Mitigation measures: EnergyTransport Vehicle emissions standards Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives and scrappage of older vehicles, and inspection. Reduction of GHG and local emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MININFRA, MINICOM (RTDA, REMA) Incremental vehicle costs and scheme administration est. 190 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants from conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles, enhancing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Efficient lighting in buildings Further dissemination of CFL and LED lamps in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Supported by government subsidies and VAT exemptions on energy saving lamps. Reduction of grid-based GHG emisisons. MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost).","{'text': 'Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives', 'answer_start': 14}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2842,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"The Market Demand Strategy aims to create a more balanced and appropriate market between road and rail freight transport, thereby reducing overloading of the road network and road infrastructure deterioration and contributing to a reduction in GHGs associated with rail transport. In September 2010 a CO2 tax was introduced on the selling price of new motor vehicles that exceed a certain emissions limit, in order to increase the move towards lower emissions vehicles. The levy has grown incrementally over time, and offers an established instrument that government could use for ratcheting up ambition in the transport sector.","{'text': 'In September 2010 a CO2 tax was introduced on the selling price of new motor vehicles that exceed a certain emissions limit, in order to increase the move towards lower emissions vehicles. The levy has grown incrementally over time, and offers an established instrument that government could use for ratcheting up ambition in the transport sector', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2843,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La préparation des CDN révisées était conforme aux recommandations de l Appel à l Action de Talanoa et de la Coalition Haute Ambition, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales.c) Chaque Partie ayant une contribution déterminée au niveau national au titre de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris qui consiste en des mesures d adaptation et / ou des plans de diversification économique aboutissant à des avantages connexes d atténuation conformément à l article 4, paragraphe 7, de l Accord de Paris à soumettre des informations sur: (i) Comment les conséquences économiques et sociales des mesures de riposte ont-elles été prises en compte dans l élaboration de la contribution déterminée au niveau national Les consultations nationales et régionales des parties prenantes ont permis de prendre en compte les impacts sociaux, économiques et environnementaux des mesures d atténuation nationales en intégrant les données collectées dans les outils d’évaluation lors de l élaboration des CDN révisées. (ii) Projets, mesures et activités spécifiques à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer aux co- bénéfices d atténuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent également des co-bénéfices d atténuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs clés, tels que l énergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources côtières, établissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification économique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l énergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la pêche Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés pour atteindre 100% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet) ; - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025 - Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché ; - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en 2020 à 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à 4% en 2025 et à 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici à 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacité des techniciens du froid afin de réduire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la filière de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluorés - Promotion de l’importation des fluides frigorigènes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilisés pour les congélateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de crème glacée ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des édifices privés et publics avec des matériaux d’isolants thermiques - Exonération de taxes sur les véhicules neufs Secteur AFAT - Développement intégré du secteur agricole à travers la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultivées ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d’aménagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d’approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des chaînes de valeurs : Organiser les filières pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu’à la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l’élevage à travers l’augmentation de la productivité des élevages au-delà de la croissance et du développement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unités de transformation des produits d’élevage, l’amélioration génétique pour les performances de l’élevage des bovins, l’introduction des géniteurs améliorateurs dans le système traditionnel, l’intensification de l’embouche et le renforcement de l’accès au marché pour la commercialisation des produits d’élevage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement à vocation de fourrage avec l’introduction d’arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualité ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants à travers la promotion de la restauration des forêts naturelles, des écosystèmes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversité, en privilégiant l’appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires déjà organisés (Aires protégées, forêts communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacrés), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Amélioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le piégeage du carbone au travers des «plans de développement de massif» promus par la forêt privée ou forêts communautaires ou des «chartes forestières de territoire» ou des pôles d’excellence rurale ; - Développement de la foresterie urbaine à travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la création des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l’accès au marché pour lesproduits forestiers transformés ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de végétation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en réduisant le taux actuel de déforestation et l’impact des feux de végétation, source d’émissions de carbone dans l’atmosphère Secteur des déchets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : aménagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) à Lomé et aménagement de décharges finales, mise en place d un système de collecte des ordures ménagères (OM), valorisation des déchets, construction de latrines, extension du réseau de distribution d’eau potable dans les villes Tsévié, Atakpamé Sokodé, Kara et Dapaong Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre et, le cas échéant, les absorptions: a) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre correspondant à la contribution déterminée au niveau national de la Partie, conformément au paragraphe 31 de la décision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adoptées par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilisé ses émissions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l évolution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Supplément de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre pour les zones humides.","{'text': 'Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs', 'answer_start': 450}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2844,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"(ii) Projets, mesures et activités spécifiques à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer aux co- bénéfices d atténuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent également des co-bénéfices d atténuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs clés, tels que l énergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources côtières, établissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification économique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l énergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la pêche Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l’électricité à base des sources d’énergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d’électrification pour tous – Extension du réseau et déploiement de systèmes décentralisés pour atteindre 100% d’électrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricité pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacité de production, de transport et de distribution d’électricité– Développement de capacités de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l’hydroélectrique, et renforcement correspondant du réseau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l’extension du réseau internet) ; - Porter à 50% la part des énergies renouvelables dans la production énergétique d’ici à 2025 - Porter à 3% la part des véhicule électriques dans l’acquisition des véhicules neuf d’ici à 2025 - Extension du réseau routier rural – Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles à fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au marché ; - Construction de l’Autoroute de l’Unité – Accélération du projet de développement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif à l agglomération de Lomé et au port - Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs - Porter le taux d’utilisation des foyers améliorés de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques améliorées de moins de 1 % en 2020 à 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson à 4% en 2025 et à 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; à 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes à 15% en milieu urbain et à 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL à 35% en milieu urbain et à 8% en milieu rural d’ici à 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de récupération des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacité des techniciens du froid afin de réduire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la filière de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluorés - Promotion de l’importation des fluides frigorigènes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilisés pour les congélateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de crème glacée ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des édifices privés et publics avec des matériaux d’isolants thermiques - Exonération de taxes sur les véhicules neufs Secteur AFAT - Développement intégré du secteur agricole à travers la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultivées ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d’aménagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d’approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des chaînes de valeurs : Organiser les filières pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu’à la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l’élevage à travers l’augmentation de la productivité des élevages au-delà de la croissance et du développement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unités de transformation des produits d’élevage, l’amélioration génétique pour les performances de l’élevage des bovins, l’introduction des géniteurs améliorateurs dans le système traditionnel, l’intensification de l’embouche et le renforcement de l’accès au marché pour la commercialisation des produits d’élevage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement à vocation de fourrage avec l’introduction d’arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualité ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants à travers la promotion de la restauration des forêts naturelles, des écosystèmes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversité, en privilégiant l’appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires déjà organisés (Aires protégées, forêts communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacrés), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Amélioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le piégeage du carbone au travers des «plans de développement de massif» promus par la forêt privée ou forêts communautaires ou des «chartes forestières de territoire» ou des pôles d’excellence rurale ; - Développement de la foresterie urbaine à travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la création des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l’accès au marché pour lesproduits forestiers transformés ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de végétation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en réduisant le taux actuel de déforestation et l’impact des feux de végétation, source d’émissions de carbone dans l’atmosphère Secteur des déchets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : aménagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) à Lomé et aménagement de décharges finales, mise en place d un système de collecte des ordures ménagères (OM), valorisation des déchets, construction de latrines, extension du réseau de distribution d’eau potable dans les villes Tsévié, Atakpamé Sokodé, Kara et Dapaong Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre et, le cas échéant, les absorptions: a) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour comptabiliser les émissions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre correspondant à la contribution déterminée au niveau national de la Partie, conformément au paragraphe 31 de la décision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adoptées par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilisé ses émissions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l évolution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Supplément de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s’est aussi appuyé sur les : • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) • Recommandations du GIEC en matière de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypothèses et approches méthodologiques utilisées pour rendre compte de la mise en œuvre des politiques et mesures ou stratégies dans la contribution déterminée au niveau national La quantification du niveau d émissions de GES dans le scénario d’atténuation à l’horizon 2030, est basée sur les hypothèses suivantes : • Dans la catégorie des transports, l’amélioration et l’extension des infrastructures routières (en cours et prévue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun à faible émission permettra de réduire l’intensité énergétique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid étaient formés ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront formés d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont reçu des appareils de récupération ; ainsi selon les axes d’orientation de la deuxième phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de récupération d’ici 2030 ; • Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l’Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ont bénéficié de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant à base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de réchauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les mêmes orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l’importation des HFCs de 5% /an à travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures possédant de grandes installations de froid ; • Au Togo ; des équipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont cédés à des sociétés de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d’une filière de recyclage d’une capacité de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d’en récupérer 50%/an ; • La construction d’au moins 100 bâtiments écologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs à l’horizon 2030 réduira d’au moins de 2% le taux d’importation des gaz-F. • La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en matière de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture forestière de 24,24% à 30% soit un une augmentation d’environ 5 % de la superficie forestière et des terres reboisées à l’horizon 2030 ; • La mise en œuvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de végétation et les mesures de protection des écosystèmes forestiers contribuera à la réduction de 5% des superficies des formations végétales brûlées ; • Les efforts de protection des formations forestières et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront à la réduction de la déforestation et à la limitation de la conversion des terres forestières en terres agricoles ou en d’autres formes d’utilisations des terres ; • La promotion des sources alternatives d’énergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers améliorés permettra la réduction de l’utilisation du bois énergie et les émissions de CO2 et autres GES liées à cette forme d’énergie ; • Dans le sous-secteur de l’agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces dernières années et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des résidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la réduction de 3 % de l’utilisation des engrais chimiques et l’intensification de l’utilisation de l’engrais organique ; • La mise en œuvre des nouvelles orientations stratégiques dans le secteur de la production des produits céréaliers contribuera à la réduction de 3% de la superficie des rizières irriguées pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 12% des déchets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; • Valoriser d’ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d’enfouissement de Lomé, par an en énergie électrique pour les besoins du site ; • Réduire de 80% la quantité des déchets destinés au brûlage grâce à l’amélioration de la collecte des déchets et la création de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; • Valoriser 5% des eaux usées domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d’ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques à biogaz L’approche méthodologique utilisée est celle du LEAP-IBC.","{'text': 'Exonération des taxes sur les véhicules neufs', 'answer_start': 295}",fr-FR,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2845,TON,Tonga,NDC reference document,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga's%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"Electricity generation by fuel in ‘Eua Source: TPL (2020a) Electricity generated in GWh Diesel Renewables - Electricity generated in GWh Diesel Renewables15 | P a g e The 2020 Energy Efficiency Master Plan — in its current draft versions — does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from transport. However, the plan suggests that a combination of targets would lead to an estimated reduction of 28% compared to GHG emission levels in 2030 under a business as usual scenario.6 Among the targets included in the plan, the following selection is regarded as the most relevant to be considered for formulating the 2020 30% improvement in fuel efficiency for newly registered light-duty vehicles, reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees, import tariffs, or fuel economy standards, 10% of all newly registered light-duty vehicles to be electric or hybrid vehicles by 2030.8 Similarly, the Energy Efficiency Master Plan does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from commercial, institutional and residential end-use of energy.","{'text': 'Reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees', 'answer_start': 117}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2846,TON,Tonga,NDC reference document,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga's%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"However, the plan suggests that a combination of targets would lead to an estimated reduction of 28% compared to GHG emission levels in 2030 under a business as usual scenario.6 Among the targets included in the plan, the following selection is regarded as the most relevant to be considered for formulating the 2020 30% improvement in fuel efficiency for newly registered light-duty vehicles, reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees, import tariffs, or fuel economy standards, 10% of all newly registered light-duty vehicles to be electric or hybrid vehicles by 2030.8 Similarly, the Energy Efficiency Master Plan does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from commercial, institutional and residential end-use of energy. Instead, the plan proposes several targets.","{'text': 'Reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2847,TON,Tonga,LTS,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Policies to operationalise this will include bans on certains types of vehicles, regulations on imported vehicles to meet low sulfur standards (e.g. Euro 4), high import tariffs on inefficient vehicles and lower tariffs for efficient vehicles, and a maximum age of imported vehicles of 5 years. This will be accompanied by enforcement with penalties. An awareness raising campaign will support behavioural change and promote the benefits of this approach, as well as raise awareness of enforcement and penalties. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Inspection equipment and buildings, or specific areas for tests and inspections. Capacity measures will need to involve a broad range of stakeholders. General awareness raising with the public in the short and medium , to provide everyone with good access to information, particularly on enforcement and penalties.","{'text': 'high import tariffs on inefficient vehicles and lower tariffs for efficient vehicles', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2848,LCA,Saint Lucia,1st NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf,"Some of these are listed below. Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week.","{'text': 'Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles', 'answer_start': 142}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2849,LCA,Saint Lucia,1st NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf,"Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week. Development of a Climate Change Public Education and Awareness Strategy Implementation Plan Sustainable Development Benefits Achievement of the mitigation targets will translate to significant sustainable development benefit for Saint Lucia.","{'text': 'Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles', 'answer_start': 136}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2850,NZL,New Zealand,Updated NDC,A_Vehicletax,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/New%20Zealand%20NDC%20November%202021.pdf,"The Government Investment in Decarbonising Industry Fund (GIDI) provides funding to support the adoption of energy efficiency and fuel switching to renewable technologies in industry, including electrification and bioenergy. It aims to accelerate industrial heat decarbonisation to catalyse adoption of low-emission technologies, and to contribute to the COVID-19 recovery. The Clean Car Discount will support New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles by addressing their high upfront cost through incentives. From 1 January 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in New Zealand, to discourage purchase. The Clean Car Standard will be implemented in 2022 and support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles.","{'text': 'From 1 January 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in New Zealand, to discourage purchase.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2851,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"Este Programa promueve la igualdad de género, mediante su inclusión en las decisiones de las cumbres de cambio climático, y en las políticas nacionales en materia de cambio climático, con el fin de poder enfrentar de mejor manera los fenómenos climáticos extremos. El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.","{'text': 'El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.', 'answer_start': 42}",es-ES,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2852,DOM,Dominican Republic,Updated NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf,"El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo. A través del Plan Nacional de Igualdad y Equidad de Género 2020-2030 (PLANEG III) del Ministerio de la Mujer de la República Dominicana, se establece la transversalidad de género, basada en lo que dispone la Constitución de la República, con la finalidad de superar las desigualdades de derechos entre hombres y mujeres y lograr la equidad de género.","{'text': 'El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2853,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Pour parvenir à la neutralité climatique d’ici à 2050, le défi consiste donc à inverser cette tendance et à tout mettre en œuvre pour décarboniser le système de mobilité. Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.","{'text': 'générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.', 'answer_start': 75}",fr-FR,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2854,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux.","{'text': 'générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.', 'answer_start': 46}",fr-FR,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2855,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The transport sub-sector contributed approximately 2,007 Gg CO2 eq (17 percent) of the total sectoral emissions in 201525. This sub-sector is a growing source of emissions, particularly with the expansion of urban towns and cities, the population contained in these towns and cities mainly rely on fossil fuel-run vehicles for commuting. Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services. Other Sectors contributed 459Gg CO2 eq (4 percent) of the sectoral emissions in 201526, especially from the residential and commercial buildings. PNG does not have much experience with energy efficiency in the residential and commercial building sub-sector; hence the lack of energy efficiency measures to date or energy efficiency projects, which may generate a high return on investments.","{'text': 'Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services.', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2856,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Most priority actions have a specific target for women’s participation that ranges from 15% to 70%. Gender and age disaggregated data are crucially important in measuring the success of the gender targets, not only related to women’s participation but also women’s access to skills and technology, as well as women in climate-related decision making. Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators.","{'text': 'Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2857,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators. In relation to energy priorities such as (1) access to energy in rural areas and (2) the diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy source, women are often responsible for household energy- related decisions in rural areas, and women, the poor and the marginalised are often last to 19 CEDAW (2018) Sixth periodic report submitted by Cambodia under Article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) gain energy access.","{'text': 'Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2858,GTM,Guatemala,LTS,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf,"Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano • U-2. Movilidad metropolitana sostenible Para la facilidad de comprensión del documento, se simplificaron los nombres de las opciones de mitigación, versión original en anexos. Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoLas opciones priorizadas en este sector muestran variabilidad de im- pactos macroeconómicos, aunque se identifica que en su mayoría impactan de forma positiva en ahorros por el uso de energía. La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.","{'text': 'La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.', 'answer_start': 71}",es-ES,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2859,GTM,Guatemala,LTS,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf,"La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo. Otras opciones como la implementación del Plan de Movilidad Me- tropolitana (U-2), representa un incremento en costo respecto a la tendencia actual, aunque con impactos positivos al reducir la canti- dad de capital para importaciones, los gastos en energía, impulsan la generación de empleo y estimula las cadenas de suministro locales.","{'text': 'La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2860,TON,Tonga,LTS,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Changes in transportation regulations, standards and other issues need to be as transparent as possible, with information available to the public in a timely and effective manner. Actions to improve non-motorised transport (walking, cycling), decentralisation of services and improvements in public transport would offer major benefits around social inclusion, making services more easily available to all segments of the population. This is likely to boost access to services and facilitate improved transport options for low-income families, families without cars / access to private transport, women, the elderly and vulnerable groups. There is a risk to social inclusion if vehicles and compliance become too expensive for lower-income households.","{'text': 'This is likely to boost access to services and facilitate improved transport options for low-income families, families without cars / access to private transport, women, the elderly and vulnerable groups', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2861,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,B_Social,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"• Increased composting and waste-to-energy processing will result in employment creation and reduced pollution to soil and water bodies. 25 Global GHG emissions including land-use change in 2017 were 53.5 GtCO eq (UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018), Zimbabwe total GHG emissions of 37.98 MtCO eq taken from LEAP modelling.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 23 • Increased energy efficiency, reduced transmission and distribution losses and increased electricity supply from solar and waste-to-energy projects will reduce supply constraints and reliance on climate-sensitive hydropower. • Improved fuel efficiency will lead to reduced fuel imports, improving Zimbabwe’s balance of trade and macroeconomic stability. • Increased public transport will lead to increased mobility for low-income populations. Zimbabwe is determined to ensure a just transition to a climate resilient, low carbon economy.","{'text': 'Increased public transport will lead to increased mobility for low-income populations', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Is there any social inclusion benefit?
2862,EEU,European Union,Updated NDC,A_Emistrad,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/EU_NDC_Submission_December%202020.pdf,"Emissions from aviation are currently addressed by EU legislation and will be partially addressed by international measures under ICAO. Emissions from aviation are included in the EU ETS; however, currently, the scope of the EU ETS is limited to flights within the European Economic Area. 19. The EU also adopted a new regulation on greenhouse gas emissions and removals from LULUCF7 that sets a binding commitment for each Member State to ensure that accounted emissions from land use are at a minimum compensated by an equivalent accounted removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere through action in the sector. 20. Furthermore, ambitious targets for improving energy efficiency and for increasing renewables in the EU energy mix have been agreed.","{'text': 'Emissions from aviation are included in the EU ETS; however, currently, the scope of the EU ETS is limited to flights within the European Economic Area', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2863,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Emistrad,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"Government spending on climate related initiatives has increased substantially in recent years. Table 1. Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high.","{'text': 'EU ETS (aviation)', 'answer_start': 293}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2864,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Emistrad,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high. Several reports2 have shown that the costs of not taking action widely exceed the costs of doing so.","{'text': 'EU ETS (aviation)', 'answer_start': 279}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2865,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Emistrad,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"In summary, Sweden has implemented instruments in three main action areas: (1) a transport-efficient society, (2) sustainable renewable fuels and infrastructure for renewable fuels, and (3) energy-efficient and fossil-free vehicles. Table 3. Summary of the most significant instruments for transport Overarching instruments Transport-efficient society Sustainable renewable fuels Energy efficient and fossil-free vehicles Energy and carbon tax Klimatklivet (the Climate Leap) Research and development funding Procurement rules Urban environment agreements Infrastructure planning Environment compensation for rail transports Eco-bonus system for shipping Tax on air travel (aviation) The Fuel Change – Emission Reduction obligation Exemption from energy and carbon taxes for biofuels Climate premium Electrified road systems Emission reduction targets for new vehicles (EU) Bonus-malus system Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Tax reduction for eco-friendly cars Market introduction support for electric busses, electricMinistry of the Environment 47 (87) Planning and Building Act EU ETS (aviation) Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Environmental information about fuel working machines and low emission heavy trucks.","{'text': 'EU ETS (aviation)', 'answer_start': 140}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2866,SWE,Sweden,LTS,A_Emistrad,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"Summary of the most significant instruments for transport Overarching instruments Transport-efficient society Sustainable renewable fuels Energy efficient and fossil-free vehicles Energy and carbon tax Klimatklivet (the Climate Leap) Research and development funding Procurement rules Urban environment agreements Infrastructure planning Environment compensation for rail transports Eco-bonus system for shipping Tax on air travel (aviation) The Fuel Change – Emission Reduction obligation Exemption from energy and carbon taxes for biofuels Climate premium Electrified road systems Emission reduction targets for new vehicles (EU) Bonus-malus system Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Tax reduction for eco-friendly cars Market introduction support for electric busses, electricMinistry of the Environment 47 (87) Planning and Building Act EU ETS (aviation) Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Environmental information about fuel working machines and low emission heavy trucks. Overarching policy instruments in the transport sector Energy tax and carbon tax in the transport sector Both petrol and diesel are subject to an energy and a carbon tax on fuel used for road vehicles, non-road mobile machinery and private vessels and aircrafts.","{'text': 'EU ETS (aviation)', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2867,EEU,European Union,LTS,B_Safety,,,https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN,"Just as for renewable energy in the previous decade, the automotive industry already today heavily invests in the emergence of zero and low emission vehicle technologies, such as electric vehicles. A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy. Electrification of short sea shipping and inland waterways is also an option, where the power to weight ratio makes it feasible. Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes.","{'text': 'A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Are there any road safety improvements?
2868,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,B_Safety,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"Table 4: Possible mitigation actions to deliver the conditional contribution Sector Description Objectives of the activity by 2030 Power ƒ Ensure all new coal generation uses super-critical technology ƒ Increased penetration of wind power ƒ Implement grid-connected solar plant to diversify the existing electricity generation mix ƒ 100% of new coal based power plants use super-critical technology by 2030 ƒ 400 MW of wind generating capacity by 2030 ƒ 1000 MW of utility-scale solar power plant Transport ƒ Modal shift from road to rail, delivered through a range of measures, including underground metro systems and bus rapid transit systems in urban areas. Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety. ƒ Reduced congestion and improved running of traffic. This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures.","{'text': 'Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Are there any road safety improvements?
2869,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,B_Safety,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Efficacité énergétique dans l habitat urbain et rural. 1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet régional de Corridor économique Lomé-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-économiques potentiels dans la mise en œuvre des actions relevant des différents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la création d’emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d’accidents de la route ; l’économie de temps des voyages au profit des activités économiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations ; l’amélioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse à long terme des coûts des marchandises à travers la baisse occasionnée du coût du transport ; la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites) ; Déchets l’augmentation de l’offre énergétique ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la réalisation d’économies sur l’importation d’électricité ou de fuel ; l’utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l’utilisation du compost ; la récupération du méthane pour une réduction considérable des émissions d’un gaz à effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de mécanismes d’accès aux intrants agricoles de qualité, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l’accroissement de la productivité, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la création d’emplois verts ; l’accroissement des revenus pour les femmes bénéficiaires de projets ; l’accroissement de la résilience des populations bénéficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la réduction des risques de pollution des sources d’eau et de la biodiversité par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigués par goutte à goutte ; l’aménagement de périmètres irrigués ; l’accroissement des superficies des terres exploitées par l’aménagement des bas-fonds et la récupération des terres dégradées ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources forestières et contribution des filières forestières au PIB ; la couverture des besoins énergétiques, par une extension des aménagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources dégradées et le transfert de compétences aux collectivités territoriales ; le renforcement de la résilience des écosystèmes et l’amélioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique grâce à la mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce multirisque et à la mise en œuvre de mesures d’adaptation concrètes ; la gestion durable des terres et l’amélioration de la résilience des ménages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l’amélioration de la résilience des écosystèmes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution à la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution à l’atteindre de la sécurité alimentaire et la préservation des écosystèmes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert végétal en vue de renforcer la résilience des populations vulnérables et la contribution à la séquestration du carbone ; l’appui au développement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance forestière et environnementale en augmentant la résilience au changement climatique et en préservant les ressources forestières ; Élevage l’amélioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du bétail ; l’amélioration du couvert végétal ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l’augmentation des espaces de pâture ; l’augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l’augmentation des superficies récupérées ; la création d’emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la réduction de la coupe du bois ; la réduction des risques de dégradation des terres et de conflits ; la réduction des risques de santé animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la sécurisation des activités pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : Répertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d’équipement installé (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances installées.","{'text': 'la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations', 'answer_start': 78}",fr-FR,Are there any road safety improvements?
2870,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,B_Safety,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet régional de Corridor économique Lomé-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-économiques potentiels dans la mise en œuvre des actions relevant des différents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la création d’emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d’accidents de la route ; l’économie de temps des voyages au profit des activités économiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations ; l’amélioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse à long terme des coûts des marchandises à travers la baisse occasionnée du coût du transport ; la baisse des émissions de GES dans le secteur des transports à long terme, entraînant une amélioration de la santé des populations (maladies liées à la pollution réduites) ; Déchets l’augmentation de l’offre énergétique ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la réalisation d’économies sur l’importation d’électricité ou de fuel ; l’utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l’utilisation du compost ; la récupération du méthane pour une réduction considérable des émissions d’un gaz à effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de mécanismes d’accès aux intrants agricoles de qualité, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l’accroissement de la productivité, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la création d’emplois verts ; l’accroissement des revenus pour les femmes bénéficiaires de projets ; l’accroissement de la résilience des populations bénéficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la réduction des risques de pollution des sources d’eau et de la biodiversité par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigués par goutte à goutte ; l’aménagement de périmètres irrigués ; l’accroissement des superficies des terres exploitées par l’aménagement des bas-fonds et la récupération des terres dégradées ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources forestières et contribution des filières forestières au PIB ; la couverture des besoins énergétiques, par une extension des aménagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources dégradées et le transfert de compétences aux collectivités territoriales ; le renforcement de la résilience des écosystèmes et l’amélioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique grâce à la mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce multirisque et à la mise en œuvre de mesures d’adaptation concrètes ; la gestion durable des terres et l’amélioration de la résilience des ménages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l’amélioration de la résilience des écosystèmes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution à la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution à l’atteindre de la sécurité alimentaire et la préservation des écosystèmes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert végétal en vue de renforcer la résilience des populations vulnérables et la contribution à la séquestration du carbone ; l’appui au développement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance forestière et environnementale en augmentant la résilience au changement climatique et en préservant les ressources forestières ; Élevage l’amélioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du bétail ; l’amélioration du couvert végétal ; l’amélioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l’augmentation des espaces de pâture ; l’augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l’augmentation des superficies récupérées ; la création d’emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la réduction de la coupe du bois ; la réduction des risques de dégradation des terres et de conflits ; la réduction des risques de santé animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la sécurisation des activités pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : Répertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d’équipement installé (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances installées. Infrastructures Taux d’exécution physique/financier (%) ; Proportion/linéaire de voiries aménagées ; Proportion/linéaire de caniveaux aménagées.","{'text': 'la diminution du nombre de sinistrés des inondations', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,Are there any road safety improvements?
2871,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Safety,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 206}",en-US,Are there any road safety improvements?
2872,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Safety,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,Are there any road safety improvements?
2873,FJI,Fiji,LTS,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Regarding all transport infrastructure, the NAP proposes to develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing measures to ensure compliance, and to promote institution strengthening and capacity building for integrated transport planning. With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts. Maritime transport has been described as the lifeline of Pacific SIDS, such as Fiji. It is essential to all agendas for climate change resilience, adaptation, economic and sustainable development (including fulfilling most SDGs), government service delivery, and natural disaster preparedness and response.","{'text': 'conduct road inspections', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2874,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Infrastructure - Buildings NCDM 31 Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 32 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 33 Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization. Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries’ submissionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 275}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2875,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community–based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries’ submissionCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC. Such actions can be divided into the followings (29): Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Table 11 Enabling actions No.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 200}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2876,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Financing for resilient cities. Partnership and communication. Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2877,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities. NCDM - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia - Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 50}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2878,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"-Climate proofed standard design is built, quality of road infrastructure resilience to extreme climate event reduce maintenance and rehabilitation cost, good condition of road will result in better combustion led to GHG reduction Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female The climate proofing road standard will consider gender considerations to ensure the women have full access to roads and use roads as a means to improve their income and livelihood. 30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road standards by 2030.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 129}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2879,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road standards by 2030. Repair road using climate proofing standards by 2030.","{'text': 'Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2880,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"In forestry, adaptation measures (many of which also have strong mitigation benefits) include reforestation/afforestation, natural and active/assisted regeneration, forest protection from cutting, grazing, fire, pests etc., improved and sustainable management of existing forest, improved pasture productivity, promoting crosscutting actions: integrated land management, improving the regulatory framework, strengthening law enforcement, developing a sustainable financing system, conducting inventory and monitoring, and investing in science and innovation. List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles.","{'text': 'improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure;', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2881,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles. List of adaptation measures in the industry and construction sector: ● equipping large enterprises with modern energy-saving and digital technologies; ● a national industrial sector that embraces the environmental protection and creation of a green economy; introduction of rational consumption and production patterns; greening of industry; ● development of sustainable infrastructure based on the implementation of green investment projects; ● creation of early warning systems for the adoption of protective measures and prevention of damage and loss of infrastructure.","{'text': 'improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure;', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2882,TON,Tonga,LTS,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Links to other mitigation sectors: All sectors. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Engage with donors and partners to source funds for infrastructure management and design, particularly on stormwater management and road design. GHG emissions reduction potential: This action does not contribute to GHG reduction but could contribute to protection of low emission infrastructure assets. Description: Integrate stormwater drainage infrastructure into urban road network and implement maintenance regime to enhance longevity of infrastructure. The action requires the systematic integration of stormwater planning in the design and construction of roads and pavements in urban areas. This complements the Road Maintenance Fund established in 2013. Technical support to enhance the work of the National Spatial Planning Agency Office (NSPAO) and the Road Committee will be needed. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Install and maintain stormwater management infrastructure. Location: Urban areas. Timeline: Road Committee has been established and Road Maintenance Fund is operational.","{'text': 'maintenance regime to enhance longevity of infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2883,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.","{'text': 'Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation)', 'answer_start': 956}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2884,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.","{'text': 'Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation)', 'answer_start': 951}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2885,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"Conditional By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations. Climate Change Co-Benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies and other natural resources Means of Implementation Requirements Completion of GIS mapping is expected to require additional financial resources to pay for technical assistance. Acquiring one to two additional transport and emergency response vessels will either require significant financial support or an in-kind contribution. Relevant SDGs Good health is advanced by preparing communities for severe climatic events and responding to such events in a timely manner.","{'text': 'Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation)', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2886,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate climate change criteria as part of its design, construction and throughout its useful life span, in order to reduce its vulnerability and increment its resilience. Actions to be implemented for the period 2020 – 2030 on this topic are the following: i. Execute infrastructure relocation programs currently located in high-risk zones in priority tourism destinations and implement restoration actions of vacated locations. ii. Incorporate adaptation criteria for public investment projects that include infrastructure construction and maintenance. iii. Guarantee urban and industrial waste water treatment, ensuring quantity and good quality of water in human settlements larger than 500,000 inhabitants and to monitor their performance. iv.","{'text': 'Incorporate adaptation criteria for public investment projects that include infrastructure construction and maintenance.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2887,SGP,Singapore,1st NDC,R_Maintain,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Singapore%20INDC.pdf,"The Singapore Government encourages food security research and development, and incentivises the adoption of technology to increase productivity and resilience of local farms. b. Infrastructure resilience: Singapore’s Building Control Act requires buildings to undergo periodic structural inspections to ensure structural resiliency. All road and rail structures also undergo regular inspections by registered professional engineers. To protect critical transport infrastructure from flood risks, flood barriers have been installed at subway stations that may be affected, with ongoing work to do so for the remaining ones. For energy and telecommunication services, private operators are required to meet performance standards and ensure network resilience, including through monitoring and maintenance. The Singapore Government constantly reviews and revises design codes, regulations and policies to account for new information and the latest climate projections.","{'text': 'All road and rail structures also undergo regular inspections by registered professional engineers.', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2888,FJI,Fiji,LTS,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf,"Vessels themselves are also highly exposed to increasingly strong storm events and changing weather patterns. In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids.248 Smaller vessels and technology, such as WiG craft and dirigibles, also have potential to allow more direct access to communities and reduce reliance on vulnerable shoreside infrastructure. The NAP does not directly address adaptation for domestic air transport, but this too is an important consideration for the LEDS. Mitigation actions identified for the domestic air transport sector are aligned with the Government of Fiji’s national climate change adaptation and resilience objectives.","{'text': 'Smaller vessels and technology, such as WiG craft and dirigibles, also have potential to allow more direct access to communities and reduce reliance on vulnerable shoreside infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2889,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Review of Storm Water Master Plan; including updated list of areas prone to flooding Reviewing and updating of current measures in 2008 Masterplan, including lists of vulnerable areas to link up with list being drawn up by EWA in terms of flood prone zones. The update should also seek to evaluate the impact of infrastructure on future scenarios, such as population growth and increased construction. Ongoing assessment to optimise flooding pathways and “emergency water ways” Updated assessment and studies to identify new flooding pathways and water ways and integrate reservoirs into the road landscaping to act as a water catchment area which would cushion and avoid urban flooding, whilst allowing for more seepage into the aquifer.","{'text': 'Ongoing assessment to optimise flooding pathways and “emergency water ways”', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2890,MLT,Malta,LTS,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Ongoing assessment to optimise flooding pathways and “emergency water ways” Updated assessment and studies to identify new flooding pathways and water ways and integrate reservoirs into the road landscaping to act as a water catchment area which would cushion and avoid urban flooding, whilst allowing for more seepage into the aquifer. Modify standards for road materials to be able to cope with higher temperatures and extreme precipitation events Amend standards on materials used for roads, including those used for pavements and embankments, to ensure that these endure high temperatures whilst also being able to increasingly soak in more precipitation. Modify technical standards for capacity of flood infrastructure Explore new ways of expanding the capacity of current flood-relief infrastructure, such as higher flood barriers as well as wider flood relief tunnels or additional tunnels.","{'text': 'Ongoing assessment to optimise flooding pathways and “emergency water ways”', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2891,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"To contribute to the key climate change adaptation actions on critical infrastructure, the following actions are planned: • Undertake research to better understand, plan for and address the vulnerability of Seychelles’ critical infrastructure, in particular to climate change impacts, identifying gaps and priorities. • Establish linkages between responsible government entities to ensure an appropriate adaptation approach and coordination between the implementation national plans and strategies addressing climate adaptation for critical infrastructure. • Establish a national infrastructure database with information on the location, use, ownership and compliance with safety standards of critical infrastructure. • Develop and implement a responsive education and awareness program targeting infrastructure users, supported by appropriate research and reflexive monitoring. • Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations.","{'text': 'Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2892,SYC,Seychelles,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf,"• Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations. • Improve communication on waste management (repairing, reducing and recycling waste) as well as providing incentives to encourage a circular economy approach for Seychelles. • Improve management of freshwater resources and implement new strategies to reuse water27 and implement the existing Water Resource Management Strategies as part of the Seychelles Water Supply Development Plan. • Undertake the risk assessment of existing and future road networks and construction of retaining walls and drains are important adaptation actions, which need to be further developed and implemented in collaboration with key partners. • Develop and implement a comprehensive road transport strategy to promote active, safe and sustainable transportation such as walking and cycling.","{'text': 'Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2893,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"Ainsi les Camerounais particulièrement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vulnérables et les secteurs économiques du pays vont acquérir une plus grande résilience et une plus grande capacité d’adaptation aux impacts négatifs des changements climatiques.République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.1 Les priorités de l’adaptation et la résilience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorités d’adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorités ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la résilience et améliorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la chaîne de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l’approvisionnement énergétique durable et procéder à la certification de la résilience climatique des infrastructures énergétiques - Garantir la sécurité énergétique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des systèmes ferroviaires, des aéroports et des ports maritimes, qui résistent au climat grâce à l intégration de mesures d adaptation et de résilience pour améliorer la durabilité. - Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée.","{'text': 'Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce', 'answer_start': 179}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2894,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"- Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée. Projet 1 : Mise en place d’un système d’observation, de gestion des informations et d’alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et opérationnalisation du fonds d’urgence ; Projet 3 : Élaboration de Plan d’Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des décideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures à prendre ; Projet 5 : Résilience des infrastructures et des systèmes de développement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.","{'text': 'Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2895,COG,Congo,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Congo.pdf,"Eau et assainissement • Mise en place de la Politique Eau, Assainissement et Hygiène • Les partenaires de développement mettent maintenant activement en œuvre la politique dans les provinces; le Département de la planification et du suivi national (DNPM) supervise cette activité, qui a débuté dans certaines provinces • Accès accru à l eau potable et aux • L’assainissement dans les zones rurales entraînant une diminution du paludisme et d autres maladies à transmission vectorielle • Améliorations des approches technologiques • Améliorations du captage d’eau • Processus de dessalement • Développement d’initiatives d’énergie renouvelable pour lutter contre l’insécurité hydrique induite par le changement climatique • Les activités mises en œuvre dans le cadre de la politique nationale doivent être reproduites dans toutes les communautés Inondations côtières et montée du niveau de la mer • Plantation de mangroves • Structures de défense côtière • Réhabilitation côtière et relocalisation / réinstallation • Évaluations des risques climatiques et de la vulnérabilité dans les provinces • Élargissement et reproduction de mesures réussies sur les côtes du pays • Normes et codes de planification physique résilients au climat • Aucune politique sur les infrastructures résilientes au climat Inondations intérieures • Évaluations des risques climatiques, des dangers et de la vulnérabilité • Exercices communautaires de simulation d’inondations • Intégration du système d’alerte précoce • Extension et réplication à l’échelle nationale • Cartographie des dangers • Stabilisation des sols • Normes et codes de planification physique de planification résiliente au climat • Plans de gestion des infrastructures et des actifsVilles et changement climatique. • Politique énergétique nationale 2018-2028, qui sous- tend l action sur le secteur énergétique, affectant les villes face aux impacts du changement climatique • Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique • L’action sur les options de transport à faibles émissions reste sans appui • Connecter les agriculteurs aux marchés des zones rurales via des infrastructures à l épreuve du climat • Mesures pour accroître les défenses côtières des infrastructures, normes et codes de planification physique résilients au climat • «Écologisation» des plans de développement urbain • Les systèmes d eaux pluviales et de drainage et la gestion des déchets (égouts, municipaux, industriels) nécessitent des améliorations Migration induite par le climat • Soutien indirect à l action sur les migrations induites par le climat • Les évaluations de la réinstallation, de la réinstallation et de l inclusion sociale de genre doivent être explorées • Sensibilisation aux impacts des migrations liées au changement climatique sur les terres coutumières • Un éventail de stratégies et d activités est également nécessaire pour préparer la réinstallation, y compris des consultations approfondies avec les migrants induits par le climat et leurs communautés d accueil; le NCCDMP stipule que le soutien à la réinstallation des personnes devrait être envisagé, y compris par le biais de la planification et de la construction de bâtiments et d infrastructures par le gouvernement local.","{'text': 'Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique', 'answer_start': 280}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2896,COG,Congo,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Congo.pdf,"• Politique énergétique nationale 2018-2028, qui sous- tend l action sur le secteur énergétique, affectant les villes face aux impacts du changement climatique • Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique • L’action sur les options de transport à faibles émissions reste sans appui • Connecter les agriculteurs aux marchés des zones rurales via des infrastructures à l épreuve du climat • Mesures pour accroître les défenses côtières des infrastructures, normes et codes de planification physique résilients au climat • «Écologisation» des plans de développement urbain • Les systèmes d eaux pluviales et de drainage et la gestion des déchets (égouts, municipaux, industriels) nécessitent des améliorations Migration induite par le climat • Soutien indirect à l action sur les migrations induites par le climat • Les évaluations de la réinstallation, de la réinstallation et de l inclusion sociale de genre doivent être explorées • Sensibilisation aux impacts des migrations liées au changement climatique sur les terres coutumières • Un éventail de stratégies et d activités est également nécessaire pour préparer la réinstallation, y compris des consultations approfondies avec les migrants induits par le climat et leurs communautés d accueil; le NCCDMP stipule que le soutien à la réinstallation des personnes devrait être envisagé, y compris par le biais de la planification et de la construction de bâtiments et d infrastructures par le gouvernement local. Paludisme et maladies à transmission vectorielle • Le paludisme est reconnu comme l une des cinq principales activités prioritaires du ministère de la Santé • Des mesures ont été prises pour détruire et réduire la reproduction des vecteurs du paludisme • La gestion de la santé environnementale est à l’étude • La politique d impact du changement climatique sur la santé est en cours de rédaction • Améliorer les services de santé environnementale.","{'text': 'Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique', 'answer_start': 24}",fr-FR,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2897,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods. Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas. Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding. Improve and enhance public transport services. Implementation of Adaptation Actions In Liberia, many sectoral policies have not mainstreamed the impacts of climate change. These include energy, hydrology/meteorology, health, transport and disaster. An overarching climate change policy is currently being developed which will serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans.","{'text': 'Improve and enhance public transport services.', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2898,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Forestry: afforestation/reforestation, promoting the ecosystem approach in adaptation of forests to climate change; promoting agroforestry and silvo-pastoral practices; sustainable management of forests and ecosystem services; organic matter restoration in degraded pastures. Human Health: Improving health services for vulnerable groups of the population; Improving the infrastructure of hospitals for operationalization to “green”Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova standards; Prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events (heat and cold waves, floods). Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.","{'text': 'access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.', 'answer_start': 105}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2899,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues. Energy: promoting water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources; climate protection of the energy system infrastructure; ensure operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions. Inter-Sectorial Priorities: Improving resilience of the Republic Moldova’s communities to adverse climate change effects, taking into account social and gender issues. Most of the adaptation actions specified under agriculture, forestry, transport and energy sectors have a clear impact on mitigation. However, the evaluation of such positive and negative co-benefits is not done because currently the appropriate methodologies are not available.","{'text': 'access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.', 'answer_start': 28}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2900,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"To support the Description of Monitoring Plan VISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs Blue Economy Research Institute Scope out strengthening Institute needs Feasibility Study to cost climate change research activities by the Institute High speed networks to sectors Appropriate training Establishment of a national data hub Collaboration with local (e.g. the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation, Seychelles Meteorological Office), and overseas research partners Support innovative and research-based approaches to climate change education for both informal and formal education sectors and their staff Support enhancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education in schools at all levels Functional research Institute based at the University of Seychelles capable of attracting, retaining and funding postgraduate programmes in climate research with proactive links to all sectors including education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar PV and other sustainable building features Tourism Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute Receives and acts upon relevant products Reviews and acts upon potential adaptive responses Training in climate change for hoteliers and tourism students at the Seychelles Tourism Academy Greater co-management of the sector by the Ministry of Tourism and Department of Risk and Disaster Management as well as with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Food Security Complete feasibility study for a project to improve food and nutrition security Enhance human capacity development at Seychelles Agricultural Agency and Seychelles Fishing Authority Revitalise extension services and provide opportunities to study climate-smart and ecosystem-based approaches to agriculture and fisheries Programmes for sustainable industrial and artisanal fisheries, sustainable mariculture Promote home gardening, improve port infrastructure for artisanal and industrial fisheries, reduce illegal, unreported and unregulated activities; and support the insurance scheme for farmers and fishers More research needed regarding the impacts of climate change on Seychelles’ fisheries, both industrial and artisanal, and more research will provide valuable A sustainable modern agriculture and fisheries supported by new and innovative technologies, investment, and by skilled and qualified human resources Integrated Blue Economy and Seychelles StrategicVISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs insights to guide adaptation strategies for the fishing sector Fast-track the blue-economy ambition and develop innovative and additive links with the Seychelles Strategic Plan 2015 Biodiversity Fast-track full implementation of Seychelles Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the new Biodiversity law Fully developed capacity for biosecurity including emphasis on invasive alien species Fully implemented Action Plan Fully implemented and enforced Biodiversity and Biosecurity Laws Fully bio-secure country borders Water Security Undertake a Water Security Review Fast-track improvements to water security by increasing efficiency of the system and reducing demand from consumers Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge-sharing and research Fully integrated approach to water security that addresses issues such as ecosystem health, waste management, water treatment and supply, sewage, agriculture, etc Energy Security Keep the options for diversifying electricity sources under continual review Explore more opportunities for the application of renewable energy technologies Plan to move critical infrastructure out of flooding/storm surge risk areas Replacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles where practicable and upgrading of infrastructure Collaboration with the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge- sharing and research More resilient energy base Greater use of renewable energy where practicable Optimum fuel-based fleet Strengthened cooperation between Government entities Health Actively managed health burden through improved research, response and planning Health sector able to respond to population increase and its climate- related health burden Waste Actively managed waste hierarchy Fast-track implementation of new waste policy Decommission landfills in flood risk areas Research and commercialisation of waste-based products Urgent completion of waste-to-energy feasibility studies Waste is managed according to strict hierarchy and waste policy fully implemented Decision taken on waste- to-energy Cost of priority mitigation actions The cost of achieving the reduction objective in 2030 has been estimated to be at least USD 309 million as detailed in Table 1.","{'text': 'Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure', 'answer_start': 225}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2901,SYC,Seychelles,1st NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf,"the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation, Seychelles Meteorological Office), and overseas research partners Support innovative and research-based approaches to climate change education for both informal and formal education sectors and their staff Support enhancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education in schools at all levels Functional research Institute based at the University of Seychelles capable of attracting, retaining and funding postgraduate programmes in climate research with proactive links to all sectors including education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar PV and other sustainable building features Tourism Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute Receives and acts upon relevant products Reviews and acts upon potential adaptive responses Training in climate change for hoteliers and tourism students at the Seychelles Tourism Academy Greater co-management of the sector by the Ministry of Tourism and Department of Risk and Disaster Management as well as with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Food Security Complete feasibility study for a project to improve food and nutrition security Enhance human capacity development at Seychelles Agricultural Agency and Seychelles Fishing Authority Revitalise extension services and provide opportunities to study climate-smart and ecosystem-based approaches to agriculture and fisheries Programmes for sustainable industrial and artisanal fisheries, sustainable mariculture Promote home gardening, improve port infrastructure for artisanal and industrial fisheries, reduce illegal, unreported and unregulated activities; and support the insurance scheme for farmers and fishers More research needed regarding the impacts of climate change on Seychelles’ fisheries, both industrial and artisanal, and more research will provide valuable A sustainable modern agriculture and fisheries supported by new and innovative technologies, investment, and by skilled and qualified human resources Integrated Blue Economy and Seychelles StrategicVISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs insights to guide adaptation strategies for the fishing sector Fast-track the blue-economy ambition and develop innovative and additive links with the Seychelles Strategic Plan 2015 Biodiversity Fast-track full implementation of Seychelles Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the new Biodiversity law Fully developed capacity for biosecurity including emphasis on invasive alien species Fully implemented Action Plan Fully implemented and enforced Biodiversity and Biosecurity Laws Fully bio-secure country borders Water Security Undertake a Water Security Review Fast-track improvements to water security by increasing efficiency of the system and reducing demand from consumers Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge-sharing and research Fully integrated approach to water security that addresses issues such as ecosystem health, waste management, water treatment and supply, sewage, agriculture, etc Energy Security Keep the options for diversifying electricity sources under continual review Explore more opportunities for the application of renewable energy technologies Plan to move critical infrastructure out of flooding/storm surge risk areas Replacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles where practicable and upgrading of infrastructure Collaboration with the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge- sharing and research More resilient energy base Greater use of renewable energy where practicable Optimum fuel-based fleet Strengthened cooperation between Government entities Health Actively managed health burden through improved research, response and planning Health sector able to respond to population increase and its climate- related health burden Waste Actively managed waste hierarchy Fast-track implementation of new waste policy Decommission landfills in flood risk areas Research and commercialisation of waste-based products Urgent completion of waste-to-energy feasibility studies Waste is managed according to strict hierarchy and waste policy fully implemented Decision taken on waste- to-energy Cost of priority mitigation actions The cost of achieving the reduction objective in 2030 has been estimated to be at least USD 309 million as detailed in Table 1. Including the cost of energy efficiency measures such as building codes, standards and labels, and energy audits will increase the total cost of implementation.","{'text': 'Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure', 'answer_start': 164}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2902,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"In forestry, adaptation measures (many of which also have strong mitigation benefits) include reforestation/afforestation, natural and active/assisted regeneration, forest protection from cutting, grazing, fire, pests etc., improved and sustainable management of existing forest, improved pasture productivity, promoting crosscutting actions: integrated land management, improving the regulatory framework, strengthening law enforcement, developing a sustainable financing system, conducting inventory and monitoring, and investing in science and innovation. List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles.","{'text': 'adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards;', 'answer_start': 112}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2903,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles. List of adaptation measures in the industry and construction sector: ● equipping large enterprises with modern energy-saving and digital technologies; ● a national industrial sector that embraces the environmental protection and creation of a green economy; introduction of rational consumption and production patterns; greening of industry; ● development of sustainable infrastructure based on the implementation of green investment projects; ● creation of early warning systems for the adoption of protective measures and prevention of damage and loss of infrastructure.","{'text': 'adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards;', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2904,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_System,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"In many instances, the existing capacity of infrastructure, particularly at port facilities, is already inadequate and requires expansion just to meet current needs. This imposes additional costs on the country by slowing the transfer of goods to and from shipping vessels. Improving the capacity and resilience of the transport network and ports of entry is essential for building the country’s broader economic resilience to climate change and its impacts on global supply chains. The FSM is considering the use of battery powered land, sea, and air transportation powered by renewable energy. The FSM recognizes that all private sector operations and government functions, including education, health, social and emergency services, depend on an effectively functioning and climate-resilient transportation infrastructure system.","{'text': 'Improving the capacity and resilience of the transport network and ports of entry is essential for building the country’s broader economic resilience to climate change and its impacts on global supply chains. The FSM is considering the use of battery powered land, sea, and air transportation powered by renewable energy', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
2905,FRA,France,LTS,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Other alternative fuels, such as synthetic kerosene, could be used if their environmental and energy balance proves relevant. a) Guideline T 1: provide the sector with incentive price signals Find a way to gradually standardise intra-European competition in road transport, in order to standardise fuel tax rates at European level or within a group of neighbouring Member States, particularly for professional road transport, in line with the objectives of greening fleets and with public policy objectives (e.g. for public transport). Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.","{'text': 'Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2906,FRA,France,LTS,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas. For air transport, support a significant increase in the share of alternative fuels that are highly decarbonated (in life cycle analysis) and convincing in terms of their overall environmental and energy balance by relying on second-generation biofuels or even synthetic kerosene, support R&D to improve energy efficiency and to develop alternatives to hydrocarbons (hydrogen and electric aircraft), and act in European and international bodies to strengthen existing fiscal and market instruments (ETS, CORSIA, ticket taxes), or even replace them with new ones (kerosene taxation), in order to accelerate the decarbonisation of air transport, seeking convergence with national energy taxation.","{'text': 'Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2907,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax. Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport. According to the calculated projections (Figure 14) broken down by individual gas (Table 12 in Annex I), there are clear downward emission trends for CO2 and N2O until 2040 but CH4 emissions are growing in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario. The most probable reason is a growing trend of natural gas consumption and biogas/biomethane consumption in road transport and its increasing share in fuel consumption, which has been included in the WAM scenario.","{'text': 'Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport.', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2908,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied. Change passenger car registration fees to reflect CO2 emissions or Euro emission standards, or a combination of these, or other factors that reflect environmental criteria in the calculation of fees. Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.","{'text': 'Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2909,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle. Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1. Introduce low-emission zones in municipalities, including charging for entry into these zones and traffic calming in settlements (the introduction of functional 30 zones and cycling streets, including transport-technical facilities).","{'text': 'Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2910,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel', 'answer_start': 194}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2911,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel', 'answer_start': 133}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2912,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.","{'text': 'Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging', 'answer_start': 157}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2913,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging', 'answer_start': 136}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2914,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.","{'text': 'Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging', 'answer_start': 168}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2915,BGD,Bangladesh,Updated NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf,"Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)","{'text': 'Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging', 'answer_start': 154}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2916,NGA,Nigeria,1st NDC,A_Roadcharging,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Approved%20Nigeria%27s%20INDC_271115.pdf,Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.,"{'text': 'Toll roads/ road pricing', 'answer_start': 94}",en-US,For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
2917,FRA,France,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"To effectively and sustainably reduce freight emissions, encourage a more pronounced modal shift for goods transport and boost the competitiveness of rail freight (install rail motorways), boost the competitiveness of river transport, encourage a shift towards alternatives to road use (aide à la pince), develop the competitiveness and attractiveness 73 In the context of the Clean Transport Development Strategy, accepted by the anaerobic digestion work group presided by Sébastien Lecornu (February-March 2018). National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly.","{'text': 'optimize the weight and volume of loads,', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2918,FRA,France,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf,"National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly. f) Guideline T 6: Manage increased demand for transport Encourage new ways of working: ◦ particularly with ambitious objectives for teleworking (for example: 50% of French teleworkers work at home on average 20% of the time, that is 10% of home-worked hours on the national scale); ◦ by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers. Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)","{'text': 'optimize the weight and volume of loads,', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2919,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"A côté d’un secteur logistique couvrant les besoins nationaux, le Luxembourg profite de son emplacement central en Europe de l’Ouest pour entretenir un centre logistique qui sert des marchés internationaux et qu’il promeut dans le cadre de sa politique de diversification économique. Dans le but de réduire l’empreinte carbone du transport de fret, les principaux champs d’action à poursuivre et à concrétiser dans une stratégie de décarbonisation à établir en coopération avec le secteur169 incluent : Concernant la distribution de marchandises et la logistique du dernier kilomètre (« last mile ») : promouvoir les véhicules propres, notamment l’électrification des flottes privées de véhicules utilitaires légers ou les vélos cargo ; mise en place de zones à basses/zéro émissions ; massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d’augmenter le taux de remplissage des véhicules et réduire les mouvements ; etc.","{'text': 'massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d’augmenter le taux de remplissage des véhicules et réduire les mouvements', 'answer_start': 119}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2920,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Dans le but de réduire l’empreinte carbone du transport de fret, les principaux champs d’action à poursuivre et à concrétiser dans une stratégie de décarbonisation à établir en coopération avec le secteur169 incluent : Concernant la distribution de marchandises et la logistique du dernier kilomètre (« last mile ») : promouvoir les véhicules propres, notamment l’électrification des flottes privées de véhicules utilitaires légers ou les vélos cargo ; mise en place de zones à basses/zéro émissions ; massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d’augmenter le taux de remplissage des véhicules et réduire les mouvements ; etc. ; Concernant le transport de marchandises à moyenne ou longue distance, notamment l’import et l’export de marchandises : favoriser le report modal vers les modes de transport à faible 165 La part de biocarburants de 2ème génération s’élève à 50% de l’ensemble des biocarburants mis à la consommation au Luxembourg en 2020.","{'text': 'massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d’augmenter le taux de remplissage des véhicules et réduire les mouvements', 'answer_start': 77}",fr-FR,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2921,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.', 'answer_start': 148}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2922,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.","{'text': 'Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2923,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators. The Government will also take initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions by encouraging cooperation between shippers and logistics companies carrying out deliveries, to improve efficiencies in transportation and loading. The Government will also work to establish low CO2 emission transportation and delivery systems, with the collaboration of operators by combining freight and passengers on existing transportation capabilities, such as passenger railways, express buses and route busses as well as the use of the IoT. The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers.","{'text': 'The Government will also take initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions by encouraging cooperation between shippers and logistics companies carrying out deliveries, to improve efficiencies in transportation and loading.', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2924,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will aim to reduce CO2 emissions in and streamline logistics by utilizing new technologies such as drones, together with platforms for sharing and setting information among operators. The Government will also take initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions by encouraging cooperation between shippers and logistics companies carrying out deliveries, to improve efficiencies in transportation and loading. The Government will also work to establish low CO2 emission transportation and delivery systems, with the collaboration of operators by combining freight and passengers on existing transportation capabilities, such as passenger railways, express buses and route busses as well as the use of the IoT. The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers.","{'text': 'The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2925,JPN,Japan,Archived LTS,I_Load,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/The%20Long-term%20Strategy%20under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf,"The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers. In conjunction with this, the Government will aim to improve the efficiency of truck transportation with operations management support using ETC 2.0, as well as reviewing the special vehicle-priority permission system that enables route changes according to traffic conditions. The Government will also seek efficiency through specific studies on expressway infrastructure that supports new logistics systems. In light of the progress in autonomous driving, the AI, and the IoT related technologies, the Government will strive to optimize shipping services from an environmental perspective, in addition to promoting efforts to reduce CO2 emissions through vehicle dynamics management in vehicle operation.","{'text': 'The Government will pursue the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions on highways with the commercialization of truck convoys and using double-trailers.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,How freight efficiency improvements correlates with mitigation targets?
2926,IND,India,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf,"To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level [UPDATED]. 4. To achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF) [UPDATED]. 5. To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. 6. To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management. 7.","{'text': 'To achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF) [UPDATED].', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2927,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Sector energía, y más concretamente acciones sobre el sector eléctrico, la movilidad y la edificación. A mediano plazo (2030) 3 Elaborado por el centro de investigación Andorra Recerca i Innovació, 2022 • Reducción 55% emisiones no absorbidas respecto escenario BAU Medio plazo 2030 • Neutralidad en carbono Largo plazo 2050Se prevé reducir la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda eléctrica.","{'text': 'Se prevé reducir la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda eléctrica', 'answer_start': 50}",es-ES,Which energy target can be identified?
2928,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"A mediano plazo (2030) 3 Elaborado por el centro de investigación Andorra Recerca i Innovació, 2022 • Reducción 55% emisiones no absorbidas respecto escenario BAU Medio plazo 2030 • Neutralidad en carbono Largo plazo 2050Se prevé reducir la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda eléctrica. Tal y como se ha expuesto en el apartado de política climática, debido a la situación energética global, se ha reforzado el modelo energético sobrio y se está trabajando para favorecer las modalidades de autoconsumo a partir fuentes de energía renovables, con el objetivo de facilitar esta transición energética que nos permitirá reducir las emisiones de este sector.","{'text': 'Se prevé reducir la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda eléctrica', 'answer_start': 35}",es-ES,Which energy target can be identified?
2929,ARM,Armenia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf,"In its 2015 INDC, Armenia undertook to pursue economy-wide mitigation measures, striving to achieve per capita net emissions of 2.07 tCO2eq in 2050, 1 From year 2033, the ban will be enacted on the import of HFCs to the Republic of Armenia from the countries that are not Parties to Kigali Amendment, export to the said countries, as well as the transit transfer of HFCs through the territory of the Republic of Armenia to the said countries.subject to adequate international financial, technological and capacity-building support. 6. By 2030, Armenia is going to double its share of renewables in energy generation on the path to achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century. 7.","{'text': 'By 2030, Armenia is going to double its share of renewables in energy generation on the path to achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century', 'answer_start': 86}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2930,ARM,Armenia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf,"By 2030, Armenia is going to double its share of renewables in energy generation on the path to achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century. 7. Armenia is a land-locked country with vulnerable mountainous ecosystems, already facing negative impacts of climate change and water scarcity. Therefore, adaptation policies and measures are of paramount importance for Armenia’s ability to achieve its social and economic development goals. 8. This submission constitutes the update of the INDC, which was submitted in 2015, following guidance provided by decision 4/CMA.1, decision 9/CMA.1 and decision 18/CMA.1. It provides up-front information on the emission reductions to be achieved by 2030 and on adaptation measures to be undertaken as part of the NDC, together with information on “action and support”. 9.","{'text': 'By 2030, Armenia is going to double its share of renewables in energy generation on the path to achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2931,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"A fossil fuel-free electricity sector represents a significant enhancement of the 2015 NDC target of 65% renewable energy, alongside a 22% improvement in energy efficiency in the electricity sector. Barbados’ updated conditional mitigation contribution for 2030 consists of: 1. A 95% share of renewable energy in the electricity mix 2. 100% electric or alternatively-fueled vehicles in the passenger fleet 3. A 20% increase in energy efficiency across all sectors as compared to BAU. 4. A 29% decrease in industrial, commercial and residential fuel consumption as compared to BAU 5. A 20% decrease in waste emissions As detailed in the ICTU table (below): Barbados adopts the following ambitious contributions for 2025 and 2030: ● 20% reduction relative to business-as-usual emissions in 2025 without international support (unconditional).","{'text': 'A 95% share of renewable energy in the electricity mix', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2932,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2035,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"EVs are a viable transportation option for Brunei Darussalam as travelling pattern is primarily of short- distance with relatively inexpensive electricity for charging. 1.4 BNCCP Strategy 4 on Renewable Energy - Increase total share of renewable energy to at least 30% of total capacity in the power generation mix by 2035. Ensuring smooth transition towards a nationwide adoption and use of renewable energy technologies mainly solar photovoltaic (PV) will be critical to Brunei Darussalam in achieving its NDC. Currently, the only renewable energy source comes from a 1.2 MWsolar PV power plant, Tenaga Suria Brunei, located in Seria, Belait District accounting for about 0.14% of the total power generation mix.","{'text': 'BNCCP Strategy 4 on Renewable Energy - Increase total share of renewable energy to at least 30% of total capacity in the power generation mix by 2035.', 'answer_start': 24}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2933,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Proposed Electricity Generation mix – NDC targets compared to BAU21 Generation Technology BAU22 Unconditional Target Conditional Target (MW) (%) (MW) (%) (MW) (%) Due to increasing national sensitivities around social and environmental safeguards associated with large-scale hydropower infrastructure development, the government has reduced its Business as Usual (BAU) under the Myanmar National Electricity Master Plan 2014intended expansion of this energy source from a BAU of 38% to 28% (5156MW) or 31% (5676MW) under this NDC. The government is committed to reducing its reliance on coal from 33% under a BAU scenario to 20% (3620MW) as an unconditional target by 2030, but with international assistance Myanmar, has set a conditional target of 11% (2120MW). Myanmar commits to an unconditional target for new renewable energy of 11% (2000MW) by 2030.","{'text': 'Myanmar commits to an unconditional target for new renewable energy of 11% (2000MW) by 2030', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2934,MMR,Myanmar,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Myanmar%20Updated%20%20NDC%20July%202021.pdf,"Myanmar commits to an unconditional target for new renewable energy of 11% (2000MW) by 2030. With sufficient international support, Myanmar aims to increase the RE (other) contribution to 3070 MW (17% of the total energy mix) and would make a proportionate reduction in the percentage of energy generation from coal. Myanmar is eager to explore a wide range of technological innovations, first and foremost related to solar and wind energy and potentially exploring mini-hydro, biomass, tidal and other sources of renewable energy as well. Future targets for renewable energy will be achieved with technology that is most suitable at the time. The Government established a National Renewable Energy Management Committee in 2019 under the President‟s mandate to explore improvements in faster, cleaner, and cheaper energy sources. 3.1.1.","{'text': 'Myanmar commits to an unconditional target for new renewable energy of 11% (2000MW) by 2030', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2935,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2936,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf,"Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste Single year target – 2030, including updates on 2025 targets Energy Energy Industry (Electricity Generation) By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2937,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"The Government was also aware that waste management required further attention. Vanuatu Enhanced NDC (Mitigation) Type Activity-based mitigation targets, sectoral and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sub-sectors. The GHG emission reduction targets in this section are all conditional upon international support (financial and technical support) made available. Coverage Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU); and Waste. Timeframe From 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2030. Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2938,VUT,Vanuatu,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/Vanuatu%20NDC%20Revised%20and%20Enhanced.pdf,"Single year target: 2030, including updates on 2025 targets.4 VANUATU’S REVISED AND ENHANCED 1ST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021–2030 Mitigation Priority Area # Commitment Policy Notes NSDP Reference SDG Goal Most Relevant Conditionality (Expressed as %) Finance Required USD Electricity Generation M1 By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector. NA ECO 2.3 100 Already budgeted under NERM in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency. NA ECO 2.2 100 Already budgeted under NERM M3 Electric Vehicles (e-mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce e-buses for public transportation (10% of total public buses); (b) Introduce e-cars in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 electric two wheelers (e-bikes)/three wheelers (e-rickshaw). (bio-fuel) blending in diesel. M5 By 2030, Mileage and Emission Standards for Vehicles.","{'text': 'By 2030, Renewable Energy Capacity Addition and substituting (replacement) of fossil fuels with Coconut (Copra) Oil based Electricity Generation: transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity generation sector', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2939,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.","{'text': 'By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation', 'answer_start': 107}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2940,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.","{'text': 'By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2941,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"The goal of the project is to help the FSM achieve its energy efficiency targets within three years. Contributions Conditional By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Climate Change Co-benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Carbon dioxide emissions reductions • Reduced demand for and use of diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see SLCP section) • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Means of Implementation Requirements The FSM National Energy Master Plans estimate an approximate cost of USD 296 million to implement the plans over a 20-year period, plus an added cost of approximately 5% of the total budget to provide additional capacity building and technical assistance—e.g., for coordinating and monitoring implementation—over the course of the projects.","{'text': 'By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2942,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"Contributions Conditional By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Climate Change Co-benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Carbon dioxide emissions reductions • Reduced demand for and use of diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see SLCP section) • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Means of Implementation Requirements The FSM National Energy Master Plans estimate an approximate cost of USD 296 million to implement the plans over a 20-year period, plus an added cost of approximately 5% of the total budget to provide additional capacity building and technical assistance—e.g., for coordinating and monitoring implementation—over the course of the projects. Relevant SDGs Gender equality is advanced through a capacity building program focused on increasing the number of women working in the energy sector.","{'text': 'By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,Which energy target can be identified?
2943,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,T_Energy,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"13 Nuestro país continuará abierto a la colaboración internacional, y buscará alianzas estratégicas en pleno respeto de la soberanía nacional, que fomenten la energía renovable. Se destaca en este rubro de cooperación internacional la meta de integrar 40 GW de capacidad de energías limpias, movilizando financiamiento climático, en el marco de la consolidación de una región norteamericana próspera y sustentable con Estados Unidos y Canadá. Un ejemplo de ello es el Plan Sonora, ya en marcha, que busca la colaboración binacional con Estados Unidos, y con los actores locales, en beneficio del pueblo de México, su medio ambiente y en el marco de la lucha global contra el cambio climático.","{'text': 'la meta de integrar 40 GW de capacidad de energías limpias', 'answer_start': 33}",es-ES,Which energy target can be identified?
2944,LVA,Latvia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"• Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.","{'text': 'A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used.', 'answer_start': 11}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2945,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.","{'text': 'Develop Park&Ride facilities', 'answer_start': 147}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2946,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.","{'text': 'Develop Park&Ride facilities', 'answer_start': 123}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2947,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle. Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1. Introduce low-emission zones in municipalities, including charging for entry into these zones and traffic calming in settlements (the introduction of functional 30 zones and cycling streets, including transport-technical facilities).","{'text': 'Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1.', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2948,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Develop infrastructure for alternative fuels more quickly and reconstruct the road network to reduce fuel consumption in order to increase support for the development of alternative-fuel cars. Set up financial support mechanisms from the EU and Slovakia so that they can finance as many decarbonisation measures in the transport sector as possible, including reducing the administrative burden when submitting projects. Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.).","{'text': 'Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.).', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2949,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.). 36 Directive restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity, taking into account the reduction of emissions and the minimum rates of excise duties on energy products Prepare and strictly implement the revised Directive 2009/33 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles. Promote the application of green public procurement. Reduce aviation emissions. Support the construction of infrastructure for waterway transport enabling the operation of alternative fuel vessels in inland waterway transport and encourage carriers/operators of inland waterway vessels to remotorise their alternative-fuel vessels. Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving).","{'text': 'Remove legislative barriers to the use of underground car parks for CNG, LPG, and hydrogen vehicles (the Fire Act, amendment to the Building Act, etc.).', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2950,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism', 'answer_start': 244}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2951,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism', 'answer_start': 183}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2952,LKA,Sri Lanka,1st NDC,S_Parking,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf,"Shift passengers from private to public transport modes. 4.1 Introduce park & ride system, 4.2 Establish bus depots next to railway stations 5. Enhance the efficiency and quality of public transport modes. 5.1 Electrification of the railway system from Veyangoda to Panadura, 5.2 Purchase new rolling stock for Sri Lanka Railway, 5.3 Rehabilitate the Kelani Valley railway line. 6. Reduction of GHG emissions in the maritime sector. 6.1 Implement international laws and regulations on maritime safety & security related to climate change, 6.2 Maintain international standards related to climate change in maritime transportation. 7.","{'text': 'Introduce Park & Ride system', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2953,LVA,Latvia,LTS,B_Access,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Taking into consideration the high-capacity technologies of variable RES (solar and wind energy) installed, electricity accumulation technologies are commercially developed and introduced. 6.4. Resource-efficient and Environmentally Friendly Transport In 2050, the transport sector is decarbonised which is mainly achieved owing to different initiatives and innovations in the transport infrastructure and vehicle technologies, as well as owing to changes in everyday habits of the society. • Road transport is mainly electrified and charging infrastructure is widely accessible Convenient, fast, economically advantageous, environment-friendly vehicles, as well as safe transport connections among the countries and inside them are accessible to the society. Promotion of the use of non-fossil fuels is one of the main measures for reducing the negative environmental impact of the transport sector.","{'text': 'Convenient, fast, economically advantageous, environment-friendly vehicles, as well as safe transport connections among the countries and inside them are accessible to the society', 'answer_start': 76}",en-US,Is there any Improved accessibility benefit?
2954,KHM,Cambodia,Updated NDC,B_Access,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf,"For example, by reducing the reliance on biomass as an energy source. Women are also often responsible for the majority of household energy-related decisions in rural areas. Gender equality can be encouraged in mitigation actions such as through eco-payments. In the transport sector, women generally use public transport more than men. Ensuring safe, efficient and comfortable transport for women may increase their access to higher education centres, skills development centres and other resources in urban areas. Women constitute a higher proportion of the working population in agriculture, and the forestry sector is seen as providing strong opportunities to improve gender balance. In the forestry sector, and particularly for REDD+, there is a need to recognise the diversity of stakeholders, particularly among forest communities.","{'text': 'In the transport sector, women generally use public transport more than men. Ensuring safe, efficient and comfortable transport for women may increase their access to higher education centres, skills development centres and other resources in urban areas.', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Is there any Improved accessibility benefit?
2955,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Access,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all', 'answer_start': 186}",en-US,Is there any Improved accessibility benefit?
2956,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,B_Access,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Is there any Improved accessibility benefit?
2957,LVA,Latvia,LTS,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf,"Electrification of ports reduces emissions from ships standing in ports, thus decreasing the negative impact of ports on the surrounding environment and climate. • Sustainable and environmentally friendly mobility of inhabitants has been ensured The public transport system is efficient and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. The public transport is co-modal64 and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. It has reduced traffic jams and GHG emissions generated by road transport, significantly improved air quality in cities and the attractiveness of urban environment. The park and ride system has significantly expanded, the use of bicycles, scooters, segways, and other inventory has increased, and attractive circumstances for pedestrians have sensors (road weather stations, video cameras, traffic counters, etc.","{'text': 'The public transport is co-modal64 and sustainable, thus successfully competing with the private transport. It has reduced traffic jams and GHG emissions generated by road transport, significantly improved air quality in cities and the attractiveness of urban environment.', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2958,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Pour parvenir à la neutralité climatique d’ici à 2050, le défi consiste donc à inverser cette tendance et à tout mettre en œuvre pour décarboniser le système de mobilité. Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.","{'text': 'Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière', 'answer_start': 29}",fr-FR,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2959,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux.","{'text': 'Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2960,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We cannot simply rely on the electrification of road transport, or believe that zero emission cars and lorries will solve all our problems. As we build back better from the pandemic, it will be essential to avoid a car-led recovery. Alongside road vehicle decarbonisation, we must increase the share of trips taken by public transport, cycling and walking. We want to make these modes the natural first choice for all who can take them. As more journeys are cycled or walked, and taken by public transport, the carbon, air quality, noise and congestion benefits will be complemented by significant improvements in public health and wellbeing. • We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways.","{'text': 'As more journeys are cycled or walked, and taken by public transport, the carbon, air quality, noise and congestion benefits will be complemented by significant improvements in public health and wellbeing', 'answer_start': 75}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2961,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"Table 4: Possible mitigation actions to deliver the conditional contribution Sector Description Objectives of the activity by 2030 Power ƒ Ensure all new coal generation uses super-critical technology ƒ Increased penetration of wind power ƒ Implement grid-connected solar plant to diversify the existing electricity generation mix ƒ 100% of new coal based power plants use super-critical technology by 2030 ƒ 400 MW of wind generating capacity by 2030 ƒ 1000 MW of utility-scale solar power plant Transport ƒ Modal shift from road to rail, delivered through a range of measures, including underground metro systems and bus rapid transit systems in urban areas. Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety. ƒ Reduced congestion and improved running of traffic. This will be achieved by a number of measures, including building of expressways to relieve congestion and public transport measures.","{'text': 'Co-benefits will include reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved traffic safety.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2962,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Ten actions account for over 90 percent of total costs and benefits, covering both public and private costs. Actions with the highest net benefits are at the bottom of the figure; actions with the highest net costs are at the top. Major costs are from lost timber and farming revenues arising from reduced deforestation, along with expenditures on carbon capture and storage and to some extent for public transportation over the first decade. Forest restoration also requires net costs in the same period. Four actions would deliver substantial net benefits. Public transportation benefits arise from reduced vehicle operation costs, and time savings among commuters on all modes of transportation due to lower congestion. Renewable energy is profitable through most of the time.","{'text': 'Public transportation benefits arise from reduced vehicle operation costs, and time savings among commuters on all modes of transportation due to lower congestion.', 'answer_start': 90}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2963,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"La mise en œuvre programme national d’efficacité énergétique dans le transport, le contrôle technique obligatoire et les formations en éco-conduite sont des mesures qui participent à atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Coûts d’investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN révisées Coûts d’investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Coût d’investissem ent Total % Coûts % Coûts Coût de mise en œuvre Programme de mobilité verte Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est évalué engendrer une réduction d’émissions cumulées de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la période 2020-2030 par rapport à un scénario « business as usual » à travers les projets déclinés en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur résidentiel Les lieux de résidence et de commerce contribuent aux émissions des GES à cause du niveau de consommation d’énergie.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 66}",fr-FR,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2964,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"¯ Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d’eau potable, 2) réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 111}",fr-FR,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2965,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d’inflation et de coût de mise en œuvre, ce montant sera majoré de 15% du capital.","{'text': 'Amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains', 'answer_start': 84}",fr-FR,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2966,AZE,Azerbaijan,1st NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Azerbaijan.pdf,"The use of alternative and renewable energy sources Development and application of technical and normative legal documents on the use of alternative and renewable energy sources based on conducted assessment, acceleration of works to supply of renewable energy for the heating system for the population, enhancement of use of innovative technologies, construction of small hydro power plants (HPPs) on small rivers, irrigation canals and water basins, as well as, use of biomass, solar power, electric and heat energy, wind power, heat pumps and geothermal energy in all sectors of economy. Transport sector Use of environmentally friendly forms of transport, enhancement of the use of electric vehicles at public transportation, electrification of railway lines and the transition to alternative current system in traction, improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system, development of metro transport and increase of a number of metro stations, elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions and underground and surface pedestrian crossings.","{'text': 'Elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2967,AZE,Azerbaijan,1st NDC,B_Congestion,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Azerbaijan.pdf,"Transport sector Use of environmentally friendly forms of transport, enhancement of the use of electric vehicles at public transportation, electrification of railway lines and the transition to alternative current system in traction, improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system, development of metro transport and increase of a number of metro stations, elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions and underground and surface pedestrian crossings. Agricultural sector Collect methane gas from manure of livestock and poultry, use of alternative sources of energy and modern technologies. Waste sector Develop modern solid waste management system at big cities of the country.","{'text': 'Elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,Is there any Congestion reduction?
2968,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"• Strengthening of the institutional and legal situation at national and municipal levels; by 2025. o Include in the sectoral strategies and policies at the national level climate adaptation strategies and policies. HEALTH Adaptation Targets In the Health sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets to increase the ability of Liberian communities and health systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change: • Strengthen preventive measures to address health issues that are likely to be negatively impacted by climate change, such as disease transmission (outbreak), malnutrition and malaria prevalence, by implementing measures such as improving access to health services, environmental sanitation, and long-term food storage systems (Link to Agriculture sector) o Ensure that 80% of the rural population is within 5km of health service points by 2030. o Reduce malaria prevalence by 45% by 2030 • Train and deploy 1000 community health assistants, 500 environmental health technicians, and 250 specialists for referral facilities to understand the increased health risks due to climate change vulnerability and how to respond by implementing climate adaptation actions in the health sector by 2030.Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures • Establish 425 community health clubs to improve community-level health care and disseminate information on changing health risks to enhance the response to climate-related diseases by 2030 • Increase funding by $500,000 per year for research on climate-health nexus, including on the increased health vulnerabilities caused by climate change, the temporal, spatial and spectral aspects of meteorological data needed for healthcare purposes, and on the quality, level, and detail of healthcare data required for disease modelling to develop adequate response measures by 2030 • Promote household and community-level adoption of practices that improve air quality, improve water safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission, while also reducing fuelwood use, such as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 • Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 • Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.","{'text': 'In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.', 'answer_start': 416}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
2969,LBR,Liberia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf,"HEALTH Adaptation Targets In the Health sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets to increase the ability of Liberian communities and health systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change: • Strengthen preventive measures to address health issues that are likely to be negatively impacted by climate change, such as disease transmission (outbreak), malnutrition and malaria prevalence, by implementing measures such as improving access to health services, environmental sanitation, and long-term food storage systems (Link to Agriculture sector) o Ensure that 80% of the rural population is within 5km of health service points by 2030. o Reduce malaria prevalence by 45% by 2030 • Train and deploy 1000 community health assistants, 500 environmental health technicians, and 250 specialists for referral facilities to understand the increased health risks due to climate change vulnerability and how to respond by implementing climate adaptation actions in the health sector by 2030.Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures • Establish 425 community health clubs to improve community-level health care and disseminate information on changing health risks to enhance the response to climate-related diseases by 2030 • Increase funding by $500,000 per year for research on climate-health nexus, including on the increased health vulnerabilities caused by climate change, the temporal, spatial and spectral aspects of meteorological data needed for healthcare purposes, and on the quality, level, and detail of healthcare data required for disease modelling to develop adequate response measures by 2030 • Promote household and community-level adoption of practices that improve air quality, improve water safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission, while also reducing fuelwood use, such as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 • Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 • Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities. Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures • Continuation of road upgrading and construction o Risk mapping of climate stress vulnerability of transport infrastructure – future investment should be guided by such risk mapping.","{'text': 'In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.', 'answer_start': 384}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
2970,LUX,Luxembourg,LTS,A_Parkingprice,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf,"Dans le souci de maintenir les frais de ravitaillement inférieurs à ceux des véhicules thermiques161, il est important d’assurer des prix de recharge avantageux. Des mesures incitatives complémentaires à considérer consistent dans le droit de stationner gratuitement sur des emplacements publics payants ou de bénéficier de bornes de charges publiques gratuites. Les pouvoirs publics doivent montrer l’exemple en électrifiant leurs propres flottes de véhicules ou en imposant des véhicules électriques par la voie de contrats de service public. Depuis 2018, l’acquisition de voitures électriques est prescrite pour les voitures de service ou de direction de l’Etat, l’achat de véhicules thermiques étant seulement autorisé dans des cas très exceptionnels sur base d’une justification détaillée162.","{'text': 'Des mesures incitatives complémentaires à considérer consistent dans le droit de stationner gratuitement sur des emplacements publics payants ou de bénéficier de bornes de charges publiques gratuites', 'answer_start': 24}",fr-FR,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2971,SVK,Slovakia,LTS,A_Parkingprice,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf,"Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle. Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1. Introduce low-emission zones in municipalities, including charging for entry into these zones and traffic calming in settlements (the introduction of functional 30 zones and cycling streets, including transport-technical facilities).","{'text': 'Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1.', 'answer_start': 27}",en-US,What changes are considered for transport demand management?
2972,MLT,Malta,LTS,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"Increased awareness in homes enables food cost savings „ Improved public health „ Improved security for incinerator workers & neighborhoods „ Better job conditions for EfW plant workers „ Lower nuisance effects on individuals residing near the EfW facility Economic „ Cost savings for commercial businesses and more customer profile insights for tailored offerings „ Potential reduction in costs, capacity issues and adverse externalities experienced in the sector „ Economic efficiency and resiliency gains from a more circular economy „ Creation of additional raw material input into secondary economic markets „ R&I in connection with change in biogas use and development of efficient waste sorting management processes „ Indirect contribution to lowering food insecurity and malnutrition goals „ Positive impacts on reaching national recycling targets Social „ Change in household behavior requires more attention and effort, against time and space constraints „ Potential disincentive for households to sort recyclable waste at source (from semi-mixed waste separation measure) Economic „ Higher administrative burden on Local Councils „ Higher cost of collection „ Administrative burden „ Change in demand for printing houses „ Macroeconomic impacts from household behavior changes (e.g. purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts „ Electrification measures „ Public Transport measures „ Active Transport measures „ Teleworking/ remote working Social „ Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising „ Increased flexibility for employees „ Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses „ Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation „ Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network „ Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic „ Incremental investment in the EV market „ Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics „ New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure „ Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency „ Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social „ High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market „ Risks for public safety in EV accidents „ Waste management of EVs/ batteries „ Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) „ Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW „ Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide.","{'text': 'Incremental investment in the EV market \x84 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \x84 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \x84 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \x84 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices', 'answer_start': 294}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2973,MLT,Malta,LTS,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts „ Electrification measures „ Public Transport measures „ Active Transport measures „ Teleworking/ remote working Social „ Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising „ Increased flexibility for employees „ Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses „ Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation „ Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network „ Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic „ Incremental investment in the EV market „ Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics „ New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure „ Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency „ Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social „ High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market „ Risks for public safety in EV accidents „ Waste management of EVs/ batteries „ Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) „ Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW „ Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide. Economic „ Business costs in connection with EV transition adjustments „ Potentially lower market competition in EV market and competitive distortions from public transport subsidisation „ Negative knock-on effects on economic activity and employment in traditional personal car travel sectors „ Additional tax/ charges burden on businesses and individuals, which can result to be of a regressive nature „ Administrative requirements for management of any mechanism to disincentivise undesirable usage „ Free public transport may disincentivise innovation/ competition in this market „ Negative/ displacement effects on commercial activity of any location-specific disincentive scheme Table 26: Impact Assessment for the Transport sectorAnnexesMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy 6.1.","{'text': 'Incremental investment in the EV market \x84 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \x84 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \x84 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \x84 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices', 'answer_start': 106}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2974,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"The imperative to decarbonise brings with it a host of other benefits, including new business models, new modes, increasing levels of autonomy, far better integration, and a blurring of the distinction between traditional forms of transport, as well as public and private travel coming together to offer greater choice and flexibility. We will use research and development to build on the expertise of business and academia, maximising opportunities for growth, exports and hundreds of thousands of new high‑quality jobs. 10. To achieve the level of emissions reductions in the transport sector indicated by our delivery pathway to 2037, we will need additional public and private investment of around £220 billion. 11. Decarbonising the transport sector will regenerate communities and open up new employment opportunities right around the UK.","{'text': 'Decarbonising the transport sector will regenerate communities and open up new employment opportunities right around the UK', 'answer_start': 111}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2975,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Decarbonising the transport sector will regenerate communities and open up new employment opportunities right around the UK. Based on current estimates, policies and proposals to reduce emissions in the sector could support up to 22,000 jobs in 2024 and up to 74,000 jobs in 2030. Development of road transport sector technologies as the economy transitions to net zero could support up to 71,000 jobs in 2050. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy12. We need a skilled workforce capable of developing, implementing and operating mobility solutions in a way that maximises the huge potential benefits they offer. The government launched the Green Jobs Taskforce, to advise the government, industry and the skills sector on the action required to deliver the jobs and skills required for the net zero transition.","{'text': 'Decarbonising the transport sector will regenerate communities and open up new employment opportunities right around the UK', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2976,BRB,Barbados,Updated NDC,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/2021%20Barbados%20NDC%20update%20-%2021%20July%202021.pdf,"So, whereas transport is a significant source of GHG emissions, the sector is also vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards, and climate change is expected to exacerbate future risks. A more efficient, reliable, affordable and resilient transportation system represents a substantial commitment to climate action with important impacts for the entire Barbadian economy, improving its competitiveness and productivity, reducing costs, and impacting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.BARBADOS 2021 UPDATE OF THE FIRST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The government’s commitment to a fossil fuel-free energy system extends to the transport sector, starting with public buses and light duty/passenger vehicles. Effective April 2021, the government s procurement policy is to prioritize the purchase of electric or hybrid vehicles, where possible.","{'text': 'A more efficient, reliable, affordable and resilient transportation system represents a substantial commitment to climate action with important impacts for the entire Barbadian economy, improving its competitiveness and productivity, reducing costs, and impacting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2977,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,B_Econ,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"• Increased composting and waste-to-energy processing will result in employment creation and reduced pollution to soil and water bodies. 25 Global GHG emissions including land-use change in 2017 were 53.5 GtCO eq (UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018), Zimbabwe total GHG emissions of 37.98 MtCO eq taken from LEAP modelling.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 23 • Increased energy efficiency, reduced transmission and distribution losses and increased electricity supply from solar and waste-to-energy projects will reduce supply constraints and reliance on climate-sensitive hydropower. • Improved fuel efficiency will lead to reduced fuel imports, improving Zimbabwe’s balance of trade and macroeconomic stability. • Increased public transport will lead to increased mobility for low-income populations. Zimbabwe is determined to ensure a just transition to a climate resilient, low carbon economy.","{'text': 'Improved fuel efficiency will lead to reduced fuel imports, improving Zimbabwe’s balance of trade and macroeconomic stability.', 'answer_start': 84}",en-US,Are there any Economic benefits?
2978,NPL,Nepal,LTS,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"Technology transfer: To meet Nepal’s aspirations to be carbon neutral by or before 2045, technology transfer will play a primary role. Moreover, easy access to technology transfer and its affordability will be key incentives in the implementation of long-term strategies. Some technologies will be homegrown for the energy and transport sector, agriculture, IPPU, and waster sector while many will need to be imported. Finance: The cost of achieving unconditional targets outlined in the NDC is estimated to be USD 25 million. This estimate only covers activity-based targets and does not include the cost of policies, measures, and actions. The cost of achieving the adaptation component will be detailed in the upcoming NAP.","{'text': 'Technology transfer: To meet Nepal’s aspirations to be carbon neutral by or before 2045, technology transfer will play a primary role. Moreover, easy access to technology transfer and its affordability will be key incentives in the implementation of long-term strategies. Some technologies will be homegrown for the energy and transport sector, agriculture, IPPU, and waster sector while many will need to be imported.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2979,THA,Thailand,LTS,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"Research development and deployment (RD &D) in the following priority areas: Energy and transport sector • Renewable energy technologies (such as solar, wind) and approaches in advanced energy storage system (EES) and demand-side management. • Carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in power plant and industries • Bio-energy with CCS • Electric Vehicle (xEV), battery and Infrastructures • Grid Modernization, smart energy management and Independent Power Supply (IPS) • Other technologies related to carbon neutrality (Hydrogen, Bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD)Other sectors • Smart energy management in the industrial sector • Waste-to-energy technologies in the waste sector reduction technologies in agriculture such as enteric fermentation and manure management and rice cultivation.","{'text': 'Electric Vehicle (xEV), battery and Infrastructures', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2980,THA,Thailand,LTS,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"• Carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in power plant and industries • Bio-energy with CCS • Electric Vehicle (xEV), battery and Infrastructures • Grid Modernization, smart energy management and Independent Power Supply (IPS) • Other technologies related to carbon neutrality (Hydrogen, Bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD)Other sectors • Smart energy management in the industrial sector • Waste-to-energy technologies in the waste sector reduction technologies in agriculture such as enteric fermentation and manure management and rice cultivation. Mechanisms and instruments • Financial instruments, incentives, mechanisms and approaches to engage the private sector in the shift to green investment. • Share knowledge and best practices on legal frameworks and modalities to support Thailand’s LEDS and NDC implementation.","{'text': 'Electric Vehicle (xEV), battery and Infrastructures', 'answer_start': 23}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2981,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"Apart from capacity-building needs, the Government of South Sudan has also identified areas where international technology transfer will be required for execution of mitigation and adaptation interventions. These include: • Renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies; • Access to climate information systems to carry out real time monitoring of hydrometeorological events and establish early warning systems; • Technologies that can be used for water recycling, harvesting, irrigation and sustainable management of water resources; • Availability of tools and methodologies to assess climate vulnerability, risks and impacts, and to identify adaptation options; • Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change, particularly roads and large-scale transportation of goods; and • Technologies for the protection and development of climate-resilient infrastructure, especially for development of flood-proof infrastructure.146 Second Nationally Determined Contribution GENDER- RESPONSIVENESSNDC gender-responsiveness 147 NDC GENDER-RESPONSIVENESS Women play a vital role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, given their significant involvement in climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, forestry and health.","{'text': 'Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change, particularly roads and large-scale transportation of goods; and', 'answer_start': 91}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2982,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"These include: • Renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies; • Access to climate information systems to carry out real time monitoring of hydrometeorological events and establish early warning systems; • Technologies that can be used for water recycling, harvesting, irrigation and sustainable management of water resources; • Availability of tools and methodologies to assess climate vulnerability, risks and impacts, and to identify adaptation options; • Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change, particularly roads and large-scale transportation of goods; and • Technologies for the protection and development of climate-resilient infrastructure, especially for development of flood-proof infrastructure.146 Second Nationally Determined Contribution GENDER- RESPONSIVENESSNDC gender-responsiveness 147 NDC GENDER-RESPONSIVENESS Women play a vital role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, given their significant involvement in climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, forestry and health. Women’s traditional and local knowledge on the use and sustainable management of natural resources is a valuable resource, especially when it comes to adaptation planning.","{'text': 'Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change, particularly roads and large-scale transportation of goods; and', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2983,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"¯ Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d’eau potable, 2) réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.","{'text': 'Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers', 'answer_start': 106}",fr-FR,What technology transfer activities are planned
2984,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"Le tableau 17 résume les coûts des besoins issus de cette évaluation.Tableau 17: Coûts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique proposée Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Coût de mise en œuvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en œuvre du Plan d’actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydroélectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d’actions pour la technologie solaire photovoltaïque (PV) raccordé au réseau (SPRR) Plan d’actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydroélectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d’actions pour la technologie Aménagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d’actions de la technologie Système Intégré de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d’actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d’actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d’eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d’actions technologiques pour la technologie réhabilitation des retenues d’eau de surface Plan d’actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d’appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le coût total estimé dans le plan d’action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d’inflation et de coût de mise en œuvre, ce montant sera majoré de 15% du capital.","{'text': 'Plan d’actions pour la technologie amélioration des infrastructures routières décongestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d’actions pour la technologie développement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d’actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers', 'answer_start': 79}",fr-FR,What technology transfer activities are planned
2985,TON,Tonga,2nd NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga's%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"Establishing mandatory standards and priceMitigation incentives will require public acceptance as both will likely have an impact on vehicle prices and/or vehicle size. Third, limiting growth in grid-connected residential electricity end-use to 1% per year on average for the period 2021-2030 may be achieved by adopting minimum energy performance standards for appliances, lighting, and electrical equipment. The successful adoption of energy performance standards will require public acceptance as their introduction will likely increase purchasing prices, though possibly reducing electricity costs. For both vehicle and appliance standards and incentives, technology transfer, capacity building and external financial support may be required. 3.2 Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) Sector Tonga does not have any target to reduce GHG emissions from IPPU for two reasons.","{'text': 'For both vehicle and appliance standards and incentives, technology transfer, capacity building and external financial support may be required.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2986,CRI,Costa Rica,1st NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Costa%20Rica%20Version%202%200%20final%20ENG.pdf,"PLANNING PROCESS As a pioneer country in the search for alternative ways for decarbonizing the economy, Costa Rica has a range of political instruments, both in mitigation and adaptation. In 2011, Costa Rica presented its Technological Needs Assessment (TNA) which posted a strategy for technological transfer and access to support greenhouse gas mitigation (GHG), and reduce vulnerability to adverse effects of climate change. In this evaluation, the following sectors and climate actions where prioritized: Public Transportation Integration and Decongestion, and Energy Conservation and Efficiency. In adaptation, two approaches were proposed, the adaptive co-management at the watershed level and detailed (sub-national) climate change scenarios. One of the approaches proposed with impacts both in mitigation and adaptation: Sustainable Agricultural Production.","{'text': 'In 2011, Costa Rica presented its Technological Needs Assessment (TNA) which posted a strategy for technological transfer and access to support greenhouse gas mitigation (GHG), and reduce vulnerability to adverse effects of climate change. In this evaluation, the following sectors and climate actions where prioritized: Public Transportation Integration and Decongestion, and Energy Conservation and Efficiency', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2987,SSD,South Sudan,1st NDC,P_Technology,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan%20Intended%20Nationally%20Determined%20%20%20%20Contribution.pdf,"Water technologies for water savings, recycling, harvesting, irrigation and sustainable management for agricultural purposes. iv. Availability of methods and tools to assess climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in specific sectors and regions. v. Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse effects of climate change in particular for roads and large-scale transportation of goods. Technologies for the protection of infrastructure, particularly infrastructure in flood-prone areas. 39. Capacity building of this nature would require cooperation between developed countries and developing countries as well as south-south cooperation. This international support would facilitate the development of South Sudan’s own technologies as well as enable technology transfer and innovation to increase adaptive capacity within the country. 40. Capacity-building priorities relate largely to planning and implementation of climate change actions at all levels, i.e.","{'text': 'Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse effects of climate change in particular for roads and large-scale transportation of goods. Technologies for the protection of infrastructure, particularly infrastructure in flood-prone areas', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What technology transfer activities are planned
2988,NPL,Nepal,LTS,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf,"GESI and Leave no One behind (LNOB): Include the principles of equity, ensuring equal access to women, children, youth, indigenous people, disabled people; lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender and queer (LGBTQ), and marginalized groups during participation, decision- making, and benefit-sharing from LTS implementation. 3.2. Means of implementation Capacity building: Based on the draft capacity need assessment for the NDC, capacity will be built for (i) institutional capacity for governance and coordination; (ii) technical capacity, including sectoral expertise; (iii) relational capacity to build partnerships and invest time in processes; and (iv) strategic capacity for systemic policy design and implementation. Technology transfer: To meet Nepal’s aspirations to be carbon neutral by or before 2045, technology transfer will play a primary role.","{'text': 'Capacity building: Based on the draft capacity need assessment for the NDC, capacity will be built for (i) institutional capacity for governance and coordination; (ii) technical capacity, including sectoral expertise; (iii) relational capacity to build partnerships and invest time in processes; and (iv) strategic capacity for systemic policy design and implementation.', 'answer_start': 46}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2989,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Provision of incentives or tax benefits for starting regional organic fertilizer plants. Special provisions and tax benefits for organic fertilizer used by food manufacturers. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 19 Major challenges and barriers Transformation needed Required transformative policy measures and capacity Responsible actors and maintenance infrastructure. alternative fuels uptake. Implementation of a charging station network for electric vehicles. Implementation of a CNG/LNG fueling network for trucks that cannot move to electric vehicles. Grid reinforcements and modernization to accommodate electric vehicle loads. Development of competencies and market offerings for vehicle maintenance and distribution. Study of hydrogen or other zero-carbon fuels as long-term alternatives to natural gas for the trucking sector. Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation Electricite du Cambodge Private sector Development of collective transportation and a sustainable transportation economy. Planning and financing for public transportation and passenger and freight rail expansions. New transportation paradigms, encompassing new technologies, innovative modes of travel organization and behaviour changes. Reinforcement of transportation management competencies in urban municipalities and/or selection of operators.","{'text': 'Development of collective transportation and a sustainable transportation economy', 'answer_start': 128}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2990,CHN,China,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf,"China is accelerating the implementation of the National Strategy for Climate Adaptation, and improving its capacity to respond to extreme climatic events and making positive progress in key areas of climate change adaptation. Capacity building on combating climate change is further strengthened. Supports in terms of science and technology are further enhanced by implementing China’s Science and Technology Actions on Climate Change. Looking into the future, China has defined as its strategic goals to complete the construction of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way by 2020 and to create a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally developed and harmonious modern socialist country by the middle of this century.","{'text': 'Capacity building on combating climate change is further strengthened', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2991,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Mainstream climate change into existing transport management plan to strengthen emission control. 2. Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services; developing technical and safety standards and the enforcement of policies including emission control. 3. Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services. 4. Develop emission reduction and tracking system of pollutants from vehicles. 5. Blend up to 5% of palm oil biodiesel with both gasoline and diesel by 2030 for vehicles.II. ADAPTATION Impacts and Vulnerability Vulnerability and adaptation assessments conducted have revealed that Liberia is faced with climate change and variability leading to extreme events, which have negative impact on agriculture, forestry, health, energy and other sectors. Climate change impacts are marked by irregular patterns of rainfall, flooding, high temperature, and coastal erosion.","{'text': 'Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services; developing technical and safety standards and the enforcement of policies including emission control', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2992,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer Under the Paris Agreement, developed countries have also committed to provide technology transfer and capacity building to developing countries. Many developing countries will require enhanced capacities to effectively track inflows of bilateral and multilateral resources and support and identify pending gaps and needs.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION It is critical that the Paris Agreement’s capacity building provisions are implemented successfully. Technology transfer and capacity building will be required to fully implement Rwanda’s mitigation and adaptation contributions. Specific national needs relating to mitigation include: • Access to and overcoming barriers to the diffusion of appropriate clean technologies; • Building climate information systems; • Promotion of renewable energies and energy efficiency, including the involvement of the private sector; • Setting up of public-private partnerships.","{'text': 'Technology transfer and capacity building will be required to fully implement Rwanda’s mitigation and adaptation contributions', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2993,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"This revised and strengthened NDC pledges a significantly more ambitious mitigation target of reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010, conditional upon adequate access to resources including climate finance as well as capacity building support. This will be achieved by switching to 100% renewable energy in electricity generation and increasing the share of electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet to at least 2%. Additionally, St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector.","{'text': 'St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector', 'answer_start': 71}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2994,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Additionally, St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector. For the 2020 revision cycle, the participatory process with technical support from IRENA led to the development of an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation options for the power and transport sectors.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 3 When comparing the emissions target of this NDC against a 2010 base year, this NDC translates to a 61% decrease in total carbon dioxide emissions. St. Kitts and Nevis’ first NDC pledged to decrease emissions by 35% against a business-as-usual scenario.","{'text': 'St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2995,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"In the chapter on Means of Implementation a carefully prepared portfolio of projects is provided that is considered key to delivering on the promise of the NDC, in that they contribute significantly to meeting the contributions. Capacity building As a SIDS country, Suriname is faced with significant development constraints, typical for a small developing economy. Suriname’s research and associated human capacity are limited and following the recent economic recession Suriname lacks the resources to establish urgently needed programs, as indicated in the NDC. The Government of Suriname in its 2017-2021 Policy Development Plan prioritizes investment in people and welcomes the support from development partners in the endeavour to strengthen research capacity in the area of climate change and the sectoral actions outlined in this NDC.","{'text': 'The Government of Suriname in its 2017-2021 Policy Development Plan prioritizes investment in people and welcomes the support from development partners in the endeavour to strengthen research capacity in the area of climate change and the sectoral actions outlined in this NDC', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2996,SUR,Suriname,2nd NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The Government of Suriname in its 2017-2021 Policy Development Plan prioritizes investment in people and welcomes the support from development partners in the endeavour to strengthen research capacity in the area of climate change and the sectoral actions outlined in this NDC. Technology transfer In 2019, Suriname started the process of conducting a Technology Needs Assessment, to be concluded by December 2020. Three priority sectors have been identified (the relevant technologies identified for assessment are given in brackets): • Agriculture (Climate resilient crop varieties and livestock breeds, Water use efficiency and Integrated farming systems); • Water Management (water 27modeling, water resource mapping, and water storage and harvesting); and, • Infrastructure and Housing (Infrastructure: Forest Specific Land Use Planning; Housing: Energy Efficient Building Design).","{'text': 'The Government of Suriname in its 2017-2021 Policy Development Plan prioritizes investment in people and welcomes the support from development partners in the endeavour to strengthen research capacity in the area of climate change and the sectoral actions outlined in this NDC', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2997,TON,Tonga,2nd NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tonga's%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"Establishing mandatory standards and priceMitigation incentives will require public acceptance as both will likely have an impact on vehicle prices and/or vehicle size. Third, limiting growth in grid-connected residential electricity end-use to 1% per year on average for the period 2021-2030 may be achieved by adopting minimum energy performance standards for appliances, lighting, and electrical equipment. The successful adoption of energy performance standards will require public acceptance as their introduction will likely increase purchasing prices, though possibly reducing electricity costs. For both vehicle and appliance standards and incentives, technology transfer, capacity building and external financial support may be required. 3.2 Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) Sector Tonga does not have any target to reduce GHG emissions from IPPU for two reasons.","{'text': 'For both vehicle and appliance standards and incentives, technology transfer, capacity building and external financial support may be required.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2998,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.","{'text': 'Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building', 'answer_start': 118}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
2999,BTN,Bhutan,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf,"Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.","{'text': 'Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building', 'answer_start': 58}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
3000,VCT,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Grenadines_NDC.pdf,"Means of Implementation St. Vincent and the Grenadines has shown its commitment to mitigating climate change by independently taking concrete measures to reduce its emissions, particularly through renewable energy and waste initiatives30. It is hoped that this commitment and ambition will be recognised by the international community as progressive (in the context of the country’s SIDS status) and that it will enable the country to leverage international finance (through the Green Climate Fund for example), technology transfer and capacity-building support to help further reduce emissions, especially in the areas of transport, renewable energy and energy efficiency. In particular, St. Vincent and the Grenadines would welcome financial and capacity-building support to help produce a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for the country’s transport sector.","{'text': 'St. Vincent and the Grenadines would welcome financial and capacity-building support to help produce a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for the country’s transport sector.', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
3001,VCT,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,1st NDC,P_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Grenadines_NDC.pdf,"In particular, St. Vincent and the Grenadines would welcome financial and capacity-building support to help produce a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for the country’s transport sector. This is a key priority if national GHG emissions are to be stabilised and reduced over the coming years. Similar international support in capacity- building and finance for the LULUCF sector is also sought to help establish a related programme of mitigation actions. Despite the injection of funds to the country through the PPCR, the need for financing climate change adaptation and mitigation in St. Vincent and the Grenadines remains significant. This is especially so considering the extent of vulnerabilities and the percentage of the population potentially exposed.","{'text': 'St. Vincent and the Grenadines would welcome financial and capacity-building support to help produce a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for the country’s transport sector.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,What capacity building activities are planned?
3002,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"Además, se promoverán opciones técnicas y económicas que reflejen las necesidades diferenciadas y sean accesible a los hombres y mujeres por igual. El cumplimiento del compromiso relativo al Plan Nacional de Cambio Climático para el sector Energía se adelantará con recursos propios y apoyo de socios estratégicos de la cooperación internacional. Se requiere de recursos financieros climáticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acción climática en las áreas de eficiencia energética, movilidad eléctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcción sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducción de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.","{'text': 'Se requiere de recursos financieros climáticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acción climática en las áreas de eficiencia energética, movilidad eléctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcción sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducción de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.', 'answer_start': 51}",es-ES,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3003,PAN,Panama,Updated NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf,"Se requiere de recursos financieros climáticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acción climática en las áreas de eficiencia energética, movilidad eléctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcción sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducción de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050. Potencial de integración adaptación-mitigación: A la vez que se implementan medidas de reducción de emisiones de GEI, se avanza en la adaptación al incluir los riesgos por cambio climático en la planificación del sector energía, aumentando la resiliencia misma del sector y la seguridad en la disponibilidad de energía ante eventos extremos, a la vez que se incide en la creación de empleos verdes. Ambición: Matriz energética resiliente parcialmente descarbonizada e innovaciones tecnológicas implementadas.","{'text': 'Se requiere de recursos financieros climáticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acción climática en las áreas de eficiencia energética, movilidad eléctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcción sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducción de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3004,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility', 'answer_start': 145}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3005,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility', 'answer_start': 125}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3006,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels', 'answer_start': 240}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3007,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels', 'answer_start': 220}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3008,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options', 'answer_start': 253}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3009,WSM,Samoa,2nd NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf,"45 Samoa’s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity ▪ Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 ▪ Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs ▪ Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target ▪ Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport ▪ Electrification of vehicles ▪ Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport ▪ Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport ▪ Expand Samoa’s efforts to install solar panels on vessels ▪ Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa’s freight or passenger vessels ▪ Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options ▪ Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support ▪ Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism ▪ Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances ▪ Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa’s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa’s landfills ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU ▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) ▪ Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use ▪ Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry ▪ Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa’s Second 46 Samoa’s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.","{'text': 'Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options', 'answer_start': 233}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3010,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"In addition to the central/local budgets and ODA, a range of national and international specialised funds can be mobilised for climate change adaptation, such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Adaptation Fund (AF) and the Viet Nam Environment Protection Fund. The domestic business sector, FDI, individuals and communities are also vital financial sources for climate change adaptation, improving the efficiency of climate change adaptation measures. - State budget expenditure, including ODA State budget expenditure on climate change of 5 ministries (Agriculture and Rural Development, Natural Resources and Environment, Transport, Industry and Trade, and Construction) in the 2011-2016 period accounted for about 0.2% of GDP (at 2010 values). Public investment in climate change adaptation is mainly for the agriculture and transport sectors.","{'text': 'Public investment in climate change adaptation is mainly for the agriculture and transport sectors.', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3011,VNM,Viet Nam,Updated NDC,M_Support,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf,"Public investment in climate change adaptation is mainly for the agriculture and transport sectors. The expenditure on climate change adaptation funded by development partners reached 31% of the total expenditure on climate change response of the 5 ministries, namely Agriculture and Rural Development, Natural Resources and Environment, Transport, Industry and Trade, and Construction. The majority of ODA was provided in the form of loans for investment projects and technical assistance focusing on climate investment. In the 2014-2016 period, expenditure on climate change adaptation and mitigation financed by development partners of the 5 ministries was maintained at around 30% of total state budget expenditure on climate change.","{'text': 'Public investment in climate change adaptation is mainly for the agriculture and transport sectors.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,For what activities external support or funding is required?
3012,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"The adaptation targets are measured against beneficiaries for the agriculture and health sectors, and the value and number of assets for the transport and infrastructure sector. The adaptation targets for the four NAP development sector are provided in Table 6. Table 6 Adaptation Targets Priority Development Sector per the NAP Agriculture Health Transport Infrastructure Adaptation Target 2030 10% of the total population (0.8 million beneficiaries (25% are women)) have increased resilience with respect to food and water security, health and well- being in PNG. 100% of the population benefits from improved health measures to respond to malaria and other climate-sensitive diseases in PNG. US$1.2b (PGK 4.2b) value of transport (air, sea, and land) infrastructure and assets built/rehabilitated according to climate-resilient codes and standards.","{'text': 'US$1.2b (PGK 4.2b) value of transport (air, sea, and land) infrastructure and assets built/rehabilitated according to climate-resilient codes and standards', 'answer_start': 103}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3013,PNG,Papua New Guinea,2nd NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf,"US$1.2b (PGK 4.2b) value of transport (air, sea, and land) infrastructure and assets built/rehabilitated according to climate-resilient codes and standards. 6 million people (70% of the population) benefit from improved early warning systems/information to respond to extreme climate events. US$172m (PGK 608m) value of building and utility infrastructure assets built/ rehabilitated according to climate-resilient codes and standards. IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION TARGETS Section 4 of the NDC Implementation Plan (Annex) outlines PNG’s Implementation Plan on adaptation). The Implementation Plan sets out the strategic adaptation outcomes that will be achieved by Government’s twelve overarching adaptation strategies and objectives. The development of the NAP is one of the Government’s key objectives, which will ultimately direct the implementation and delivery of PNG’s adaptation actions.","{'text': 'US$1.2b (PGK 4.2b) value of transport (air, sea, and land) infrastructure and assets built/rehabilitated according to climate-resilient codes and standards', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3014,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.","{'text': 'By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads', 'answer_start': 715}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3015,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.","{'text': 'By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads', 'answer_start': 710}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3016,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.","{'text': 'By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)', 'answer_start': 796}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3017,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,T_Adaptation_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.","{'text': 'By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)', 'answer_start': 791}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional adaptation targets?
3018,PRT,Portugal,LTS,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"The state will always play a key role in shaping and adapting the regulatory, tax and incentive system that will provide clear long- term signals to facilitate the necessary investments and avoid obsolete assets. The overall aggregate amount of investment by 2050 will be close to EUR 1 trillion - of which around EUR 930 billion will be realised in any case as a result of the normal dynamics of modernisation of the economy, catalysed by ongoing policies to ensure the functioning of the energy system - which translates into an annualised value of EUR 27 to 29 billion.LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 The additional investment needed to achieve carbon neutrality will be around EUR 85 billion for the entire period, i.e.","{'text': 'The overall aggregate amount of investment by 2050 will be close to EUR 1 trillion - of which around EUR 930 billion will be realised in any case as a result of the normal dynamics of modernisation of the economy, catalysed by ongoing policies to ensure the functioning of the energy system - which translates into an annualised value of EUR 27 to 29 billion.', 'answer_start': 34}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3019,PRT,Portugal,LTS,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT%20Long%20Term%20Strategy.pdf,"The overall aggregate amount of investment by 2050 will be close to EUR 1 trillion - of which around EUR 930 billion will be realised in any case as a result of the normal dynamics of modernisation of the economy, catalysed by ongoing policies to ensure the functioning of the energy system - which translates into an annualised value of EUR 27 to 29 billion.LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050 The additional investment needed to achieve carbon neutrality will be around EUR 85 billion for the entire period, i.e. around EUR 2.1 to € 2.5 billion per year (around 1.2% of GDP).","{'text': 'The overall aggregate amount of investment by 2050 will be close to EUR 1 trillion - of which around EUR 930 billion will be realised in any case as a result of the normal dynamics of modernisation of the economy, catalysed by ongoing policies to ensure the functioning of the energy system - which translates into an annualised value of EUR 27 to 29 billion.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3020,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Ambition d’atténuation L’union des Comores prévoit, à travers cette CDN révisée, une réduction nette de ces émissions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d’absorptions de CO2 de 47% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence. Le cout global de cette ambition est estimé à 902 million d’euro dont 96 millions d’euro est inconditionnel soit 5%. 2 Banque mondiale, ( 3 Banque mondiale, ( Evolution des émissions et absorptions : scénario Cours Normal des Affaires (CNA) Figure.1 : émissions des GES suivant le scénario CNA (KtCO2 Eq) L’Union des Comores présente un bilan net, neutre en carbone, selon le scénario CNA, d’environ -1 260 ktCO2eq en 2030 : le puits de carbone compense toutes les émissions des autres secteurs.","{'text': 'Le cout global de cette ambition est estimé à 902 million d’euro dont 96 millions d’euro est inconditionnel soit 5%', 'answer_start': 44}",fr-FR,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3021,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"The St. Kitts and Nevis NDC Implementation Plan and Financing Strategy describes in more detail the mitigation and adaptation measures expected to be implemented for this NDC. The Strategy lays the groundwork to reduce and adapt to the effects of climate change and translate the NDC target to real actions, interventions, and support identifying potential funding sources and mechanisms to help achieve the NDC target. Support needs for Mitigation The indicative cost for the identified mitigation measures through 2030 is 637 million USD. The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4.","{'text': '637', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3022,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4. Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands.","{'text': '637', 'answer_start': 130}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3023,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.","{'text': '637', 'answer_start': 108}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3024,LCA,Saint Lucia,Updated NDC,M_Invest,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Saint%20Lucia%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20submission).pdf,"These funds will be used to leverage the limited national resources and national and regional technical capacities that are available. The total indicative cumulative investment costs to achieve the mitigation targets by 2030 are expected to be in the order of USD $368 million (at 2020 prices). Investment costs refer to the total capital finance required to implement the mitigation actions that is incremental to baseline expenditures. The indicative costs were calculated considering the capital costs of any operation and maintenance, fuel expenses, or the energy savings associated with implementing measures. In line with these efforts and to make concrete effort to implement Saint Lucia’s NDC, Saint Lucia has developed an Implementation Plan and a Financing Strategy for the NDC, building upon the existing NDC Partnership Plan.","{'text': 'The total indicative cumulative investment costs to achieve the mitigation targets by 2030 are expected to be in the order of USD $368 million (at 2020 prices).', 'answer_start': 20}",en-US,What is the total required investment (in million USD)?
3025,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport. A modern railway network will be established which will enable regulated, frequent and fast rail transport between city centres. The prevailing modes of mobility in urban areas will be cycling and walking. Suitable spatial and transport planning, application of modern technologies and the transition to a low-carbon circular economy will reduce the need for mobility and the use of motor vehicles. For the most part, freight transport will be implemented by rail. Vehicles will be mostly powered by electricity, supplemented by renewable or synthetic gases which are low-carbon. The target in the transport sector is to reduce emissions by 90 to 99 per cent by 2050 in comparison to 2005.","{'text': 'The target in the transport sector is to reduce emissions by 90 to 99 per cent by 2050 in comparison to 2005.', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3026,SVN,Slovenia,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf,"The target in the transport sector is to reduce emissions by 90 to 99 per cent by 2050 in comparison to 2005. The reduction by 2050 represents emissions lower than current ones by more than two magnitudes, which demands a thorough transformation of transport from how it is known today. This will not only pose a financial, but also a social challenge with a complex timeline. As per the NECP, transport emissions may only increase by 12 per cent by 2030. The strategic objective by 2040 is to reduce emissions in the transport sector by between 55 and 65 per cent (in comparison to 2005).","{'text': 'The target in the transport sector is to reduce emissions by 90 to 99 per cent by 2050 in comparison to 2005.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3027,ESP,Spain,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf,"▶ La planificación urbanística deberá integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el año 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificación y los combustibles renovables, se prevé alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energía renovable en el transporte-movilidad, así como una reducción de las emisiones de más de un 30% en esa misma década.El sector de la edificación comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para más detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificación sostenible). Siguiendo el principio “primero, la eficiencia energética” la Comisión Europea propone la eficiencia energética en la edificación como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.","{'text': 'En el año 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificación y los combustibles renovables, se prevé alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energía renovable en el transporte-movilidad, así como una reducción de las emisiones de más de un 30% en esa misma década.', 'answer_start': 11}",es-ES,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3028,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030', 'answer_start': 525}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3029,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030', 'answer_start': 464}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3030,SWE,Sweden,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf,"2.1.4 A milestone target for domestic transport The transport sector currently accounts for almost a third of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are major opportunities to reduce emissions in the sector. The Parliament has decided on a separate milestone target for domestic transport: • Emissions from domestic transport (excluding domestic aviation, which is part of the EU ETS) are to be reduced by at least 70 per cent by 2030 compared with 2010. 2.1.5 Supplementary measures to meet the targets for 2030, To achieve the long-term target by 2045 at the latest and the milestone targets, supplementary measures may be counted in line with rules decided at international level.","{'text': 'Emissions from domestic transport (excluding domestic aviation, which is part of the EU ETS) are to be reduced by at least 70 per cent by 2030 compared with 2010', 'answer_start': 45}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3031,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• We will support and encourage modal shift of freight from road to more sustainable alternatives, such as rail, cargo bikes and inland waterways. We will transform last mile deliveries, with zero emission HGVs and decarbonised deliveries made possible through the adoption of new delivery models, supported by accurate data and digital innovations which drive greater efficiencies. • The rail network will be net zero emissions by 2050 through a sustained, long‑term programme of investment in rail electrification, supported by deployment of battery and hydrogen-powered trains. • UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.","{'text': 'UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3032,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"• UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.","{'text': 'UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050.', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3033,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Coventry has now been announced as the UK’s first all-electric bus city, with £50 million to fund up to 300 electric buses and charging infrastructure. 22. We are consulting on a phase out date for the sale of new non-zero emission buses and coaches. We have already begun consulting on an appropriate date to end the sale of new non-zero emission buses and on the appropriate supporting policy and regulatory framework. We will also consult on a phase out date for the sale or purchase of new non- zero emission coaches. Railways 23. We will deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with sustained carbon reductions in rail along the way. Our ambition is to remove all diesel-only trains (passenger and freight) from the network by 2040.","{'text': 'We will deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with sustained carbon reductions in rail along the way', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3034,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"He usually plugs into charge every few evenings, with his vehicle fully charged by the morning. He has a chargepoint installed on his driveway so he can charge on his domestic energy tariff. The chargepoint is smart, which means it shifts charging to off-peak times, which saves Amir money. He has also signed up to a vehicle-to-grid scheme with his electricity supplier. By keeping his van plugged in during the week when he doesn’t need to use it, he’s able to sell energy back to the grid when demand is high. Maritime 34. We will plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, with indicative targets from 2030 and net zero as early as is feasible. We will establish, after public consultation in 2022, an ambitious ‘Course to Zero’.","{'text': 'We will plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, with indicative targets from 2030 and net zero as early as is feasible', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3035,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf,"Las acciones que han de permitir conseguir a mediano plazo (2030) la reducción de las emisiones para los 3 sectores clave en cuanto a GEI en Andorras son: Sector energía, y más concretamente acciones sobre el sector eléctrico, la movilidad y la edificación. En este sentido se prevé reducir la intensidad energética en un mínimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producción eléctrica nacional (que será de más del 75% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda eléctrica. Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno.","{'text': 'Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno', 'answer_start': 82}",es-ES,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3036,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf,"Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a través de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transición energética y del cambio climático, la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030. En cuanto al sector de la edificación, cualquier nueva construcción se diseña y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energético casi nulo, tal y como también queda regulado per la Ley anteriormente referida.","{'text': 'Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno', 'answer_start': 0}",es-ES,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3037,AND,Andorra,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf,"Por último, se prevé la elaboración de un plan de actuación con el fin de sentar las bases que permitan la implantación de un modelo energéticamente sobre en la Administración general y entidades relacionadas. Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a través de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transición energética y del cambio climático, la reducción de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de vehículos a propulsión eléctrica del parque automovilístico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el año 2030.","{'text': 'Más concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combustión de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducción fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno', 'answer_start': 34}",es-ES,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3038,GEO,Georgia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf,"Georgia also draws attention to the fact that 43.5% of the country’s territory is covered by forests and aims to maintain and increase the GHG absorption and adaptation capacities of the forests.3 DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA’S NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM OKATSE CANYON KHONI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia is fully committed to develop and operationalize the procedures and database for the archive system of the national anthropogenic emissions by national sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024; Georgia aims at developing the country-specific emission factors and activity data, where available, in order to address the recommended methods (tier levels) for the key source categories in accordance with the IPCC 2006 guidelines; Georgia recognizes the national circumstances, specifically absence of relevant historical data necessary for utilization of higher tier methodologies, and intends to use the splicing techniques suggested by the IPCC guidelines under the national inventory reports of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases, in order to ensure consistent time series and estimate missing emission values resulting from lack of activity data, emission factors or other parameters; Georgia is fully committed to develop QA as well as general and category-specific QC procedures for the estimation of levels of domestic anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024;Georgia is fully committed to adopt application procedures for verification techniques for the domestic anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases and operationalize them via the national inventory reports of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024; For the reporting year Georgia intends to report information on precursor greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), as well as sulphur oxides consistent with the air pollution emission inventory of Georgia.KARTLI WIND POWER PLANT GORI AND KARELI MUNICIPALITIES GEORGIA4.1 GOALS PER SECTOR Georgia has identified the level of its greenhouse gas target limits by assessing the feasible targets for mitigation in each sector. To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia’s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia’s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of circular economy; By 2030 Georgia intends to increase the carbon capturing capacity through the forestry sector by 10% compared to 2015 level; Georgia’s updated NDC sets implementation period for Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan between 2021 and 2030 through identification of individual mitigation measures contributing to achievement of the sectoral goals.MKINVARTSVERI (MOUNT KAZBEGI) KAZBEGI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia has identified the following adaptation measures to be adopted as part of the National Adaptation Plan to achieve the goal set out in Nationally Determined Contribution: Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on coastal zone, mountain ecosystems and ecosystem services.","{'text': 'By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level', 'answer_start': 396}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3039,GEO,Georgia,Updated NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf,"To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia’s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia’s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia’s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of circular economy; By 2030 Georgia intends to increase the carbon capturing capacity through the forestry sector by 10% compared to 2015 level; Georgia’s updated NDC sets implementation period for Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan between 2021 and 2030 through identification of individual mitigation measures contributing to achievement of the sectoral goals.MKINVARTSVERI (MOUNT KAZBEGI) KAZBEGI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia has identified the following adaptation measures to be adopted as part of the National Adaptation Plan to achieve the goal set out in Nationally Determined Contribution: Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on coastal zone, mountain ecosystems and ecosystem services. In addition, Georgia intends to study the impact of climate change on glaciers, economic situation of the mountainous and coastal regions and livelihoods of the local population for the sustainable management of these regions; Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on the availability of groundwater and surface water resources for sustainable use in agricultural (irrigation), energy production and dwelling purposes in a long-term perspective; Georgia intends to assess and develop adaptive capacities for the agricultural productions that have the largest share in national GDP (e.g.","{'text': 'By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level', 'answer_start': 62}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3040,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_FL,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"To support this shift, we will: ► build on the actions underway in the waste sector, including through a new national waste strategy and updated legislation ► partner with Māori on a long-term, cross-sector strategy that supports this transition. This will yield benefits across the four wellbeings: social, economic, environmental and cultural. Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 43Sector plans Tailored measures will help key sectors take up opportunities, reduce emissions and increase forestry removals.CONTRIBUTION TO OUR LONG-TERM VISION Aotearoa will reduce transport emissions to net zero by 2050, while building a healthy, safe, equitable and accessible transport system. State of play Transport currently produces over 19.6 per cent of our domestic greenhouse gas emissions, and almost half of our CO2 emissions.","{'text': 'Aotearoa will reduce transport emissions to net zero by 2050, while building a healthy, safe, equitable and accessible transport system', 'answer_start': 81}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3041,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"GHG emissions are forecast to increase significantly over the same period, driven by increasing population, economic activity, and wealth. The complexity of the transport sector requires deploying a diverse mix of decarbonization solutions to meet the challenges within each of its four main segments: roadways, railways, aviation, and navigation. Government’s response to minimizing GHG emissions in the sector, as elaborated in the transport’s sectoral plan for the NDC is a fast, safe, efficient, affordable, integrated, and inter- modal transport system for goods and people. It is targeted at reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030, whereas the projected rise in emissions is projected at over 25times of that value.","{'text': 'reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3042,NGA,Nigeria,LTS,T_Transport_Unc,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Nigeria_LTS1.pdf,"It is targeted at reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030, whereas the projected rise in emissions is projected at over 25times of that value. This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs).","{'text': 'reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030', 'answer_start': 4}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3043,MDA,Republic of Moldova,1st NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Republic_of_Moldova_25.09.2015.pdf,"According to this policy document, a 20 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to the BAU scenario has to be reached in the Republic of Moldova by 2020. Along with the overall national target, the policy document sets up GHG emissions reduction targets for seven economic sectors: power production sector – 25 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020; buildings, industry and agriculture sectors – 20 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be reached by 2020; transport and waste sectors – 15 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020; and LULUCF sector – an increase by 25 per cent of the net removals has to be reached by 2020.","{'text': 'Transport and waste sectors – 15 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3044,MDA,Republic of Moldova,1st NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Republic_of_Moldova_25.09.2015.pdf,"Along with the overall national target, the policy document sets up GHG emissions reduction targets for seven economic sectors: power production sector – 25 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020; buildings, industry and agriculture sectors – 20 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be reached by 2020; transport and waste sectors – 15 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020; and LULUCF sector – an increase by 25 per cent of the net removals has to be reached by 2020. The desired reduction of GHG emissions by 2020 of 20 per cent below the BAU scenario level requires decisive actions at the national and sector levels.","{'text': 'Transport and waste sectors – 15 per cent GHG emissions reduction compared to BAU scenario has to be achieved by 2020', 'answer_start': 61}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3045,TTO,Trinidad and Tobago,1st NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20Final%20INDC.pdf,"The estimated cost of meeting this objective is USD 2 billion, which is expected to be met partly through domestic funding and conditional on international financing including through the Green Climate Fund. In this regard, Trinidad and Tobago will commit to unconditionally reduce its public transportation emissions by 30% or one million, seven hundred thousand tonnes (1,700,000) CO2e compared to 2013 levels by December 31, 2030.Trinidad and Tobago s National Circumstances Trinidad and Tobago is the most industrialized economy in the English-speaking Caribbean. It is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is mainly based upon these resources. Trinidad and Tobago also supplies manufactured goods, mainly food products and beverages, as well as cement, to the Caribbean region.","{'text': 'Unconditionally reduce its public transportation emissions by 30% or one million, seven hundred thousand tonnes (1,700,000) CO2e compared to 2013 levels by December 31, 2030', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3046,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,T_Transport_Unc,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/UpdateNDC-EN-2022.pdf,"This is followed by industry (16.6%), transport (9.7%), carbon capture, utilization, and storage (5.3%), and waste (2.1%). The most significant contributions relative to the BAU scenario come from the following sectors: • Electricity Generation: 54% reduction in total emissions of electricity generation activities by 2030 due to the use of clean and alternative energy. • Transport: 14% reduction in total emissions from the transport sector by 2030 primarily due to enhanced vehicle standards in road transport. • Industry (Demand for Energy): 19% reduction in total emissions from industrial energy production by 2030 with the implementation of the National Water and Energy Demand Management Programme and efficiency improvements. • Waste: 26% reduction in emissions by 2030 through a reduction in municipal solid waste generation per capita and initiatives aimed at diverting waste away from landfills.","{'text': '14% reduction in total emissions from the transport sector by 2030 primarily due to enhanced vehicle standards in road transport', 'answer_start': 56}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) unconditional targets?
3047,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"The Commission also collects opinions of various stakeholders in the society and feeds the collected opinions back into the NDC implementation process. Third, the Republic of Korea has been developing sectoral strategies to achieve its NDC and the 2050 goal. Policy directions of each sector – energy, industry, transportation, buildings, circular economy, and agriculture, forestry, livestock farming and fisheries – will be coordinated consistently with such sectoral strategies. National plans under the law that include sectoral mitigation and adaptation measures such as the Basic Plan for Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth will be either established or revised in line with the NDC and the 2050 goal.","{'text': 'Policy directions of each sector – energy, industry, transportation, buildings, circular economy, and agriculture, forestry, livestock farming and fisheries – will be coordinated consistently with such sectoral strategie', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3048,KOR,Republic of Korea,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf,"Third, the Republic of Korea has been developing sectoral strategies to achieve its NDC and the 2050 goal. Policy directions of each sector – energy, industry, transportation, buildings, circular economy, and agriculture, forestry, livestock farming and fisheries – will be coordinated consistently with such sectoral strategies. National plans under the law thatinclude sectoral mitigation and adaptation measures such as the Basic Plan for Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth will be either established or revised in line with the NDC and the 2050 goal. Fourth, the Republic of Korea plans to reduce GHG emissions efficiently based on the market mechanism by utilizing K-ETS, which covers 73.5% of the national GHG emissions.","{'text': 'Policy directions of each sector – energy, industry, transportation, buildings, circular economy, and agriculture, forestry, livestock farming and fisheries – will be coordinated consistently with such sectoral strategie', 'answer_start': 18}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3049,ECU,Ecuador,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf,"Como resultado de los acuerdos y compromisos asumidos durante el proceso de formulación de la NDC de Ecuador (2019), los ministerios sectoriales directamente vinculados con la gestión de la adaptación al cambio climático, son: Sectores Instituciones (Ministerios, Secretarias9) Estratégicos: Hidrocarburos, Minería y Electricidad. Transporte. Ministerio de Energía y Recursos Naturales no Renovables (MERNNR) Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas (MTOP) Patrimonio Natural Ministerio del Ambiente (MAE) Patrimonio Hídrico Secretaría del Agua (SENAGUA) Asentamientos Humanos Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (MIDUVI) Soberanía Alimentaria, Agricultura y Ganadería. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) Salud Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) Sobre la base de este trabajo, se han identificado y priorizado las siguientes medidas de adaptación al cambio climático, desde una perspectiva sectorial.","{'text': 'Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas (MTOP)', 'answer_start': 53}",es-ES,Which ministries are involved?
3050,NZL,New Zealand,LTS,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf,"Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 25Since 2019, the Government has driven a whole-of-economy climate change work programme through the Climate Change Chief Executives Board. This brings together chief executives from the Ministry for the Environment, the Treasury, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the Ministry for Primary Industries, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. INFORMING POLICY DECISIONS Since 1 November 2019, government agencies have been required to undertake (and report on) a greenhouse gas emissions analysis for all policy proposals that go to Cabinet and meet certain criteria. This analysis, called a ‘Climate Implications of Policy Assessment’, must include an estimate of the emissions impacts for Aotearoa if the proposal is brought in.","{'text': 'Since 2019, the Government has driven a whole-of-economy climate change work programme through the Climate Change Chief Executives Board. This brings together chief executives from the Ministry for the Environment, the Treasury, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the Ministry for Primary Industries, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.', 'answer_start': 9}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3051,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators)', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3052,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"(b) Institutional mechanisms − The Center of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) is the National Focal Point for the UNFCCC and is responsible for fulfilling the country s commitments under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. − The following key ministries and agencies are involved in the preparation of the updated NDC: − The Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for interaction with the Green Climate Fund and attracting investments for NDC implementation; − The Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for the implementation of CDM projects, as well as for the implementation of the Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Transition to a Green Economy; − The State Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection is the Operational and Political Focal Point of the GEF, and is responsible for the allocation of GEF grant funds; − The Ministry of Energy, together with the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, is responsible for the development and implementation of the National Low-Carbon Development Strategy; − The Ministry of Innovative Development is responsible for the introduction of green economy technologies; − The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; − The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; − The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; − The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; − The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the ""green"" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; − The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs.","{'text': 'The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness;', 'answer_start': 266}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3053,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"− The following key ministries and agencies are involved in the preparation of the updated NDC: − The Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for interaction with the Green Climate Fund and attracting investments for NDC implementation; − The Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for the implementation of CDM projects, as well as for the implementation of the Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Transition to a Green Economy; − The State Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection is the Operational and Political Focal Point of the GEF, and is responsible for the allocation of GEF grant funds; − The Ministry of Energy, together with the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, is responsible for the development and implementation of the National Low-Carbon Development Strategy; − The Ministry of Innovative Development is responsible for the introduction of green economy technologies; − The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; − The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; − The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; − The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; − The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the ""green"" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; − The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs. (c) How the NDC preparation depends on the outcome of the Global Stocktake under Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Paris Agreement In accordance with Article 14.2 of the Paris Agreement, the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA) will conduct its first global inventory in 2023 and every 5 years thereafter, unless the CMA decides otherwise.","{'text': 'The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness;', 'answer_start': 226}",en-US,Which ministries are involved?
3054,VEN,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of",Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf,"Lourdes Baltodano Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Mujer y la Igualdad de Género Ministra Margaud Godoy Oficina de Integración y Asuntos Internacionales (OIAI) Génesis Marcano Jimenes Ministerio del Poder Popular de Petróleo Ministro Tareck El Aissami Dirección Ejecutiva de Ambiental de PDVSA José Acosta Tony Escalante Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Proceso Social del Trabajo Ministro José Ramón Rivero Dirección de seguro Social, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevención Social. Nelly Palacios Dirección General de Salud y Seguridad Laboral en el Trabajo, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevención Social Oswaldo Sánchez Ministerio del Poder Popular para los Pueblos Indígenas Ministra Roside González Viceministra de Pueblos Indígenas María Soledad Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud Ministro Carlos Alvarado Viceministerio de Redes de Salud Colectiva Maricela Bermúdez Dirección General de Salud Ambiental Coronel Luis Gotta Dorania Plaza Orietta Pulgar Gilfredo Polanco Gleny Meneses Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte Ministro Hipólito Abreu.República Bolivariana de Venezuela Actualización de la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada Acuerdo de Paris de la CMNUCC ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN NACIONALMENTE DETERMINADA (CND) DE LA REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA ÍNDICE GENERAL EQUIPO COORDINADOR 4 ELABORACIÓN DEL DOCUMENTO .4 MINISTERIOS DEL ESTADO PARTICIPANTES.4 ÍNDICE GENERAL .8 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS.11 2.1.","{'text': 'Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte', 'answer_start': 142}",es-ES,Which ministries are involved?
3055,VEN,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of",Updated NDC,G_Ministry,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf,"Nelly Palacios Dirección General de Salud y Seguridad Laboral en el Trabajo, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevención Social Oswaldo Sánchez Ministerio del Poder Popular para los Pueblos Indígenas Ministra Roside González Viceministra de Pueblos Indígenas María Soledad Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud Ministro Carlos Alvarado Viceministerio de Redes de Salud Colectiva Maricela Bermúdez Dirección General de Salud Ambiental Coronel Luis Gotta Dorania Plaza Orietta Pulgar Gilfredo Polanco Gleny Meneses Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte Ministro Hipólito Abreu.República Bolivariana de Venezuela Actualización de la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada Acuerdo de Paris de la CMNUCC ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN NACIONALMENTE DETERMINADA (CND) DE LA REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA ÍNDICE GENERAL EQUIPO COORDINADOR 4 ELABORACIÓN DEL DOCUMENTO .4 MINISTERIOS DEL ESTADO PARTICIPANTES.4 ÍNDICE GENERAL .8 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS.11 2.1. LA CONVENCIÓN MARCO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO (CMNUCC) . 21 2.2. EL PROTOCOLO DE KYOTO 21 2.3.","{'text': 'Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte', 'answer_start': 71}",es-ES,Which ministries are involved?
3056,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Transport_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).","{'text': 'It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030', 'answer_start': 525}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
3057,LKA,Sri Lanka,Updated NDC,T_Transport_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf,"2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.","{'text': 'It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030', 'answer_start': 464}",en-US,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
3058,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,T_Transport_C,T_BAU,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Figure 8: Évolution du potentiel de séquestration du secteur Énergie pour les années 2025, 2030, 2050 Source : SP/CNDD 3.1.3. Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la réduction des émissions de GES Pour le secteur du transport, le potentiel de séquestration des émissions de GES est présenté ci-dessous dans le tableau 5. Scénario inconditionnel Scénario conditionnel TotalTableau 5: Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la réduction des émissions de GES Source : SP/CNDD Dans le secteur du transport les actions inconditionnelles et les actions dont leur mise en œuvre nécessite une recherche de financement (conditionnel), ont des potentiels de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement évalués à 1 210 Gg CO2eq et 267Gg CO2eq en 2025.","{'text': '267Gg CO2eq en 2025', 'answer_start': 112}",fr-FR,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
3059,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,T_Transport_C,T_BAU,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Scénario inconditionnel Scénario conditionnel TotalTableau 5: Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la réduction des émissions de GES Source : SP/CNDD Dans le secteur du transport les actions inconditionnelles et les actions dont leur mise en œuvre nécessite une recherche de financement (conditionnel), ont des potentiels de réduction des émissions de GES respectivement évalués à 1 210 Gg CO2eq et 267Gg CO2eq en 2025. Le total du potentiel de séquestration des émissions de CO2 dans le secteur est de 1 477 Gg eq en 2025. L’évolution des différents scenarii est représentée dans la figure ci-dessous. Figure 9: Évolution du potentiel de séquestration de GES du secteur du transport pour les Source : SP/CNDD 3.1.4.","{'text': '267Gg CO2eq en 2025', 'answer_start': 60}",fr-FR,Are there transport green house gasses (GHG) conditional targets?
3060,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Economy_C,T_FL,2065,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy THAILAND Submitted under the Paris Agreementii The COP, by its decision 1/CP 21, paragraph 35, invited Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement. _____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand’s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand’s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand’s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand’s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand’s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand’s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020.","{'text': 'In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065', 'answer_start': 51}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3061,THA,Thailand,LTS,T_Economy_C,T_FL,2065,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf,"_____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand’s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand’s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand’s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand’s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand’s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand’s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020. 10 Figure 1-6 Share of final energy consumption by economic sectors 2020 10 Figure 1-7 The energy conservation target during the year 2010-2037 13 Figure 1-8 National GHG emissions/removals by sector 14 Figure 1-9 Total GHG emissions by sector (excluding LULUCF) 2000 and 2016 15 Figure 1-10 GHG emissions in the Energy sector in 2016 15 Figure 1-11 GHG emissions in the IPPU sector in 2016 16 Figure 1-12 GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-13 GHG emissions in the LULUCF sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-14 GHG emissions in the Waste sector in 2016 18 Figure 1-15 Structure of the National Committee on Climate Change Policy 20 Figure 1-16 The structure of domestic MRV system for GHG emissions reduction 21 Figure 2-1 Thailand’s NAMAs implementation 24 Figure 2-2 GHG reduction potential in 2030 according to the NDC sectoral action plans 27 Figure 3-1 Preparation and approval process of Thailand’s LEDS 30 Figure 3-2 Framework of Thailand’s LEDS Development 31 Figure 3-3 Overview of the input of the AIM/EndUse model in developing Thailand’s LEDS 33 Figure 3-4 An overview of the AIM/CGE Model for Thailand’s LEDS 34 Figure 3-5 GHG emissions/removals by sector in 2005 – 2050 in the BAU scenario 38 Figure 3-6 Thailand’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission scenario.","{'text': 'In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3062,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"Since 2016, Ukraine has operated an energy service mechanism for the implementation of energy efficiency measures at municipal and state-owned facilities (budget institutions, such as schools, kindergartens). In total, from 2016 to 2020, more than 550 ESCO contracts were concluded, which contributed to energy savings of 35 %.Based on geographical, economic and social circumstances, Ukraine has committed itself to achieving the target of reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF), reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy until 2030, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 3, 2021 # 179.","{'text': 'reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF)', 'answer_start': 63}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3063,UKR,Ukraine,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf,"In total, from 2016 to 2020, more than 550 ESCO contracts were concluded, which contributed to energy savings of 35 %.Based on geographical, economic and social circumstances, Ukraine has committed itself to achieving the target of reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF), reaching carbon neutrality until 2060 as foreseen in the National Economic Strategy until 2030, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 3, 2021 # 179. The Ukrainian NDC includes GHG emissions and targets for its uncontrolled and occupied territories, however the detailed information on the economic activities and GHG emissions on those territories is missing. This fact complicates, and sometimes makes impossible to collect and report data needed for the annual National GHG Inventory.","{'text': 'reducing GHG emissions of 65% by 2030, compared to 1990 (including LULUCF)', 'answer_start': 36}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3064,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"In addition, it incorporates the outcome of further analysis and consultation to enhance our existing plans, and to analyse future GHG emissions trends and mitigation and adaptation options. The INDC of Bangladesh consists of the following elements: ¾ Mitigation contribution: ƒ An unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors, based on existing resources. 1Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) Version 2.0. (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2014)"". World Resources Instituteƒ A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors, subject to appropriate international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building.","{'text': 'A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3065,BGD,Bangladesh,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf,"World Resources Instituteƒ A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors, subject to appropriate international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building. ƒ A number of further mitigation actions in other sectors which it intends to achieve subject to the provision of additional international resources. ¾ Adaptation component: ƒ An outline of what Bangladesh has already done on adaptation and what the next steps are, including the long-term vision for adaptation in Bangladesh and synergies with mitigation measures. ¾ INDC implementation: ƒ Proposals for governance and coordination of INDC implementation and an outline of key next steps.","{'text': 'A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors', 'answer_start': 3}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3066,BLR,Belarus,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belarus_NDC_English.pdf,"The Republic of Belarus intends to make a more ambitious contribution in the global response to climate change and sets economy-wide unconditional and conditional greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Taking into account the economic situation and the country s capabilities, the new unconditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector.The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector and subject to using international financing mechanisms to introduce the best available technologies for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction.","{'text': 'The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3067,BLR,Belarus,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belarus_NDC_English.pdf,"Taking into account the economic situation and the country s capabilities, the new unconditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector.The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector and subject to using international financing mechanisms to introduce the best available technologies for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions exclusive of the LULUCF sector during 1990-2018 and the commitment until 2030 are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1.","{'text': 'The new conditional economy-wide target is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent from the 1990 level by 2030, inclusive of the LULUCF sector', 'answer_start': 39}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3068,BFA,Burkina Faso,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf,"Le Burkina Faso, au titre de ses nouvelles ambitions, a considéré un scenario inconditionnel et un scenario conditionnel. Le pays s’engage, en rapport avec ses actions d’atténuation, à réduire ses émissions de GES de 31682,3 Gg CO2eq à l’horizon 2030 soit 29,42% par rapport au scenario Business As Usual. Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60% et de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%. Comparativement à la CDN de 2015 qui était de 18,2%, l’Etat burkinabè a rehaussé ses ambitions de 11,22%.","{'text': 'de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%', 'answer_start': 63}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3069,BDI,Burundi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf,"Les besoins en adaptation identifiés dans la CDN 2015 concernaient la foresterie, le renforcement des capacités humaines, institutionnelles, techniques et financières et le transfert des technologies. Des priorités, des politiques et des programmes nationaux ont été définis en termes d’adaptation au changement climatique (PND Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, PNA préliminaire etc). b) Atténuation Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel.","{'text': 'de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel', 'answer_start': 103}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3070,BDI,Burundi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf,"b) Atténuation Concernant l’atténuation, le Burundi s’était engagé à réduire de 23% à l’horizon 2030 les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU), ce qui correspondait à une réduction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel. Selon la CDN 2015, l’établissement du BAU s’est référé aux hypothèses en rapport avec la croissance de l’économie nationale (PIB), la croissance démographique ainsi que le taux de l’électrification contenu dans les documents ci-haut cités. Certains de ces documents et bien d’autres élaborés ont servi de base pour l’établissement du BAU de la CDN 2020.","{'text': 'de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel', 'answer_start': 50}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3071,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,"République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN Paix-Travail-Patrie CONTRIBUTION DETERMINEE AU NIVEAU NATIONAL - ACTUALISEE (CDN) NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION- UPDATED (NDC)République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Table des matières Résumé 1 Introduction 2 Circonstances nationales et positionnement stratégique . 2 Vision du Cameroun pour les changements climatiques et processus de révision de la CDN . 10 Composante Atténuation 11 4.1 Émission nationale de gaz à effet de serre 11 4.2 Scénario Business As Usual (BAU) 12 4.3 Portée et couverture des actions d’atténuation . 12 4.4 Les actions d’atténuation retenues 13 4.4 Informations sur les efforts d’atténuation . 19 a) Mesures inconditionnelles . 19 b) Objectif Global (mesures inconditionnelles et conditionnelles) . 19 Informations nécessaires à la clarté, la transparence et la compréhension de la CDN 19 Composante Adaptation 31 6.1 Les priorités de l’adaptation et la résilience au Cameroun 34 6.2- Projets d’adaptation 36 6.3 Projets sectoriels sensibles à l’adaptation 36 6.4 Programmes d’adaptation incluant les projections liées aux coûts d’adaptation. . 38 Cadre de mise en œuvre et de suivi (MNV) 40 7.1 Besoins en technologies. 45 7.2 Financement : besoin d’appui financier pour la mise en œuvre des composantes adaptation et atténuation . 46 7.2.1 Besoins financiers en matière d’atténuation 46 7.2.2 Besoins financiers en matière d’adaptation . 49 7.2.3 Mobilisation des ressources 49 7.3 Renforcement des capacités 51 Annexes 54 Annexe 1 : Liste des Projets d’Adaptation 54 Annexe 2 : Coût d’investissement par secteur aux horizons 2025 et Annexe 3 : Planification budgétaire des actions d’atténuation (en millions de dollars) 57République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Annexe 4 : Liste des mesures d’Atténuation 58République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 °C Degré Celsius APRUE Agence de Promotion et de Rationalisation de l’Utilisation des Energies BaU Business as Usual BRT Bus Rapid Transit BUR Rapport Biennal Actualisé CC Changements Climatique CCNUCC Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques CDN Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CMA Conference of the Parties Serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CN Communication Nationale CNCC Comité National sur les Changements Climatiques CO2 Dioxyde de Carbone COP Conférence des Parties CPDN Contribution Prévue Déterminée au niveau National CTD Collectivité Territoriale Décentralisée CVUC Communes et Villes Unies du Cameroun DFnP Domaine Forestier non Permanent DFP Domaine Forestier Permanent DSPL Déclaration de Stratégie de Lutte contre la Pauvreté EE Efficacité Energétique ENR Energie Renouvelable FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture FCFA Francs de la Communauté Financière Africaine FEICOM Fonds Spécial d’Equipement et d’Intervention Intercommunal GES Gaz à Effet de Serre GgEqCO2 Giga gramme Equivalent CO2 GIEC Groupe Intergouvernemental des Experts sur l’Evolution du Climat GW Giga Watt Ha Hectare HFC Hydrofluorocarbure IGES Inventaire des Gaz à Effet de Serre Km Kilomètre kW Kilowatt LED DEL (Diode Electroluminescente) MINAC Ministère des Arts et de la Culture MINAS Ministère des Affaires Sociales MINAT Ministère de l’Administration Territoriale MINCOMMERCE Ministère du Commerce MINDCAF Ministère du Cadastre et des Affaires Foncières MINDDEVEL Ministère de la Décentralisation et du Développement LocalRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 MINDEF Ministère de la Défense MINEDUB Ministère de l’Education de Base MINEFOP Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle MINEPAT Ministère de l’Economie de la Planification et de l’Aménagement du Territoire MINEPDED Ministère de l’Environnement de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable MINESEC Ministère des Enseignements Secondaires MINESUP Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieure MINFI Ministère des Finances MINFOPRA Ministère de la Fonction Publique et de la Réforme Administrative MINHDU Ministère de l’Habitat et du Développement Urbain MINJEC Ministère de la Jeunesse et de l’Education Civique MINJUSTICE Ministère de la Justice MINMAP Ministère des Marchés Publics MINMIDT Ministère des Mines de l’Industrie et du Développement Technologique MINPMEESA Ministère des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, de l’Economie Sociale et de l’Artisanat MINPOSTEL Ministère des Postes et Télécommunications MINPROFF Ministère de la Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille MINRESI Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation MINREX Ministère des Relations Extérieures MINSEP Ministère des Sports et de l’Education Physique MINTSS Ministère du Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale MNV Mesure, Notification, Vérification MRV Monitoring, Reporting, Verification MW Méga Watt N2O Protoxyde d’Azote NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODD Objectifs de Développement Durable ONACC Observatoire National sur les Changements Climatiques ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale OSC Organisation de la Société Civile PCD Plan Communal de Développement PIB Produit Intérieur Brut PIUP Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits PM Premier Ministre PNACC Programme National d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique PV Photo Voltaïque RBT Rapport Biennal de TransparenceRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 SDN30 Stratégie Nationale de Développement à l’horizon SNIGES Système National d’Inventaire des Gaz à Effet de Serre SPAND Stratégie et Plan d’Action National pour la Biodiversité TCN Troisième Communication Nationale TdC Théorie du Changement UP Unité de Production USD Dollar Américain ZAE Zone AgroécologiqueRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résumé Synthèse des éléments de compréhension de la CDN 2021 Type d’engagement Réduction des GES par scénario conditionnel et inconditionnel Périmètre et GES couverts Ensemble du territoire national Avec pour principaux cibles les 3 premiers Période couverte 2020 - 2030 Année de référence (année de base) Niveau d’engagement ou de réduction des émissions de GES Le niveau de réduction de GES à l’horizon 2030 est de 35% réparti ainsi qu’il suit :  23% dans un scénario conditionnel  12% inconditionnel Secteurs prioritaires couverts  AFAT (Agriculture, foresterie et autres affectations des terres)  Energie  Déchets Potentiel de Réchauffement Global (PRG)  Métriques : Potentiel de réchauffement Global (PRG) conformément aux orientations du quatrième rapport d’évaluation du GIEC (AR4).","{'text': '23% dans un scénario conditionnel', 'answer_start': 878}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3072,CMR,Cameroon,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf,". 38 Cadre de mise en œuvre et de suivi (MNV) 40 7.1 Besoins en technologies. 45 7.2 Financement : besoin d’appui financier pour la mise en œuvre des composantes adaptation et atténuation . 46 7.2.1 Besoins financiers en matière d’atténuation 46 7.2.2 Besoins financiers en matière d’adaptation . 49 7.2.3 Mobilisation des ressources 49 7.3 Renforcement des capacités 51 Annexes 54 Annexe 1 : Liste des Projets d’Adaptation 54 Annexe 2 : Coût d’investissement par secteur aux horizons 2025 et Annexe 3 : Planification budgétaire des actions d’atténuation (en millions de dollars) 57République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Annexe 4 : Liste des mesures d’Atténuation 58République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 °C Degré Celsius APRUE Agence de Promotion et de Rationalisation de l’Utilisation des Energies BaU Business as Usual BRT Bus Rapid Transit BUR Rapport Biennal Actualisé CC Changements Climatique CCNUCC Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques CDN Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CMA Conference of the Parties Serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CN Communication Nationale CNCC Comité National sur les Changements Climatiques CO2 Dioxyde de Carbone COP Conférence des Parties CPDN Contribution Prévue Déterminée au niveau National CTD Collectivité Territoriale Décentralisée CVUC Communes et Villes Unies du Cameroun DFnP Domaine Forestier non Permanent DFP Domaine Forestier Permanent DSPL Déclaration de Stratégie de Lutte contre la Pauvreté EE Efficacité Energétique ENR Energie Renouvelable FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture FCFA Francs de la Communauté Financière Africaine FEICOM Fonds Spécial d’Equipement et d’Intervention Intercommunal GES Gaz à Effet de Serre GgEqCO2 Giga gramme Equivalent CO2 GIEC Groupe Intergouvernemental des Experts sur l’Evolution du Climat GW Giga Watt Ha Hectare HFC Hydrofluorocarbure IGES Inventaire des Gaz à Effet de Serre Km Kilomètre kW Kilowatt LED DEL (Diode Electroluminescente) MINAC Ministère des Arts et de la Culture MINAS Ministère des Affaires Sociales MINAT Ministère de l’Administration Territoriale MINCOMMERCE Ministère du Commerce MINDCAF Ministère du Cadastre et des Affaires Foncières MINDDEVEL Ministère de la Décentralisation et du Développement LocalRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 MINDEF Ministère de la Défense MINEDUB Ministère de l’Education de Base MINEFOP Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle MINEPAT Ministère de l’Economie de la Planification et de l’Aménagement du Territoire MINEPDED Ministère de l’Environnement de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable MINESEC Ministère des Enseignements Secondaires MINESUP Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieure MINFI Ministère des Finances MINFOPRA Ministère de la Fonction Publique et de la Réforme Administrative MINHDU Ministère de l’Habitat et du Développement Urbain MINJEC Ministère de la Jeunesse et de l’Education Civique MINJUSTICE Ministère de la Justice MINMAP Ministère des Marchés Publics MINMIDT Ministère des Mines de l’Industrie et du Développement Technologique MINPMEESA Ministère des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, de l’Economie Sociale et de l’Artisanat MINPOSTEL Ministère des Postes et Télécommunications MINPROFF Ministère de la Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille MINRESI Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation MINREX Ministère des Relations Extérieures MINSEP Ministère des Sports et de l’Education Physique MINTSS Ministère du Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale MNV Mesure, Notification, Vérification MRV Monitoring, Reporting, Verification MW Méga Watt N2O Protoxyde d’Azote NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODD Objectifs de Développement Durable ONACC Observatoire National sur les Changements Climatiques ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale OSC Organisation de la Société Civile PCD Plan Communal de Développement PIB Produit Intérieur Brut PIUP Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits PM Premier Ministre PNACC Programme National d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique PV Photo Voltaïque RBT Rapport Biennal de TransparenceRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 SDN30 Stratégie Nationale de Développement à l’horizon SNIGES Système National d’Inventaire des Gaz à Effet de Serre SPAND Stratégie et Plan d’Action National pour la Biodiversité TCN Troisième Communication Nationale TdC Théorie du Changement UP Unité de Production USD Dollar Américain ZAE Zone AgroécologiqueRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résumé Synthèse des éléments de compréhension de la CDN 2021 Type d’engagement Réduction des GES par scénario conditionnel et inconditionnel Périmètre et GES couverts Ensemble du territoire national Avec pour principaux cibles les 3 premiers Période couverte 2020 - 2030 Année de référence (année de base) Niveau d’engagement ou de réduction des émissions de GES Le niveau de réduction de GES à l’horizon 2030 est de 35% réparti ainsi qu’il suit :  23% dans un scénario conditionnel  12% inconditionnel Secteurs prioritaires couverts  AFAT (Agriculture, foresterie et autres affectations des terres)  Energie  Déchets Potentiel de Réchauffement Global (PRG)  Métriques : Potentiel de réchauffement Global (PRG) conformément aux orientations du quatrième rapport d’évaluation du GIEC (AR4). Les valeurs du Potentiel de réchauffement Global PRG utilisées sont : CO2 = 1 (par convention) CH4 = 25 ;N2O = 298 ; HFCs = 1.5 - 14 800.","{'text': '23% dans un scénario conditionnel', 'answer_start': 714}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3073,CAF,Central African Republic,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf,"Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une évolution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de séquestration sur les mêmes horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence. La CDN de la RCA s’appuie sur l’inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte durée de vie (PCCVD), pour élargir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz à effet de serre.","{'text': 'et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3074,CAF,Central African Republic,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf,"Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une évolution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de séquestration sur les mêmes horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d’atténuation prises généreront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence. La CDN de la RCA s’appuie sur l’inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte durée de vie (PCCVD), pour élargir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz à effet de serre.","{'text': 'et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport à la situation de référence', 'answer_start': 70}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3075,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Les autres sources de la vulnérabilité du pays sont liées à : - une incidence de la pauvreté4 qui varie d’une île à l’autre et qui semble plus forte dans les zones rurales, - à un chômage estimé à 3,7% en 2018 mais qui touche particulièrement les jeunes (8,5%) et les femmes (4,06%), - à une croissance démographique relativement élevée (2,24 % en 2018)2 mais qui est cependant inférieure à celle du PIB (3,43% en 2018)3. 2.1. Ambition d’atténuation L’union des Comores prévoit, à travers cette CDN révisée, une réduction nette de ces émissions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d’absorptions de CO2 de 47% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence.","{'text': 'L’union des Comores prévoit, à travers cette CDN révisée, une réduction nette de ces émissions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d’absorptions de CO2 de 47% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence.', 'answer_start': 79}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3076,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Ambition d’atténuation L’union des Comores prévoit, à travers cette CDN révisée, une réduction nette de ces émissions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d’absorptions de CO2 de 47% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence. Le cout global de cette ambition est estimé à 902 million d’euro dont 96 millions d’euro est inconditionnel soit 5%. 2 Banque mondiale, ( 3 Banque mondiale, ( Evolution des émissions et absorptions : scénario Cours Normal des Affaires (CNA) Figure.1 : émissions des GES suivant le scénario CNA (KtCO2 Eq) L’Union des Comores présente un bilan net, neutre en carbone, selon le scénario CNA, d’environ -1 260 ktCO2eq en 2030 : le puits de carbone compense toutes les émissions des autres secteurs.","{'text': 'L’union des Comores prévoit, à travers cette CDN révisée, une réduction nette de ces émissions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d’absorptions de CO2 de 47% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence.', 'answer_start': 2}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3077,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Les actions associées sont l’amélioration de la collecte, le développement du biogaz et du compost. Utilisation des Terres, changement d’affectation des terres et foresterie Le secteur UTCATF est un secteur clé, il permet de comptabiliser les absorptions de CO2 en lien avec la croissance des arbres (forêt, arboriculture, agroforesterie) mais il engendre aussi des émissions (collecte de bois, déboisement, brûlage). Les actions d’atténuation visant ce secteur contribueront par ailleurs à renforcer les capacités d’adaptation des populations comoriennes.2.5. Effort d’atténuation Le graphique ci-dessous illustre la part de l’atténuation obtenue via la réduction des émissions hors UTCATF par rapport à un scénario de cours normal des affaires (CNA). Sur la période 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d’émissions cumulées sont évitées par mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation.","{'text': 'Sur la période 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d’émissions cumulées sont évitées par mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation.', 'answer_start': 106}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3078,COM,Comoros,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_FL,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf,"Sur la période 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d’émissions cumulées sont évitées par mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation. Figure 3 : Comparaison des scénarios CNA et CDN pour le bilan tous secteurs (hors UTCATF)(en kt CO2 eq) Les absorptions additionnelles obtenues grâces aux actions du scénario CDN dans le secteur UTCATF sont présentées dans le graphique ci-dessous. Sur la période 2015-2030, 3 103 kt CO2eq d’absorptions additionnelles cumulées sont permises par la mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation. Figure 4: Comparaison des scénarios CNA et CDN pour l’UTCATF et absorptions additionnelles (en kt CO2 eq) Enfin, le graphique ci-dessous présente l’évolution des émissions selon le scénario CDN, montrant que le pays resterait un puits net de carbone.Figure 5: Evolution des émissions et absorptions selon le scénario CDN (en kt CO2eq) 2.6.","{'text': 'Sur la période 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d’émissions cumulées sont évitées par mise en œuvre des actions d’atténuation.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3079,GEO,Georgia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf,"GEORGIA’S UPDATED Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)In accordance with the decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 24 of UNFCCC COP 21, Georgia is pleased to communicate its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), as well as additional information to facilitate the clarity, transparency, and understanding of the contribution pursuant to the decision 4/CMA.1 in the frame of the COP 24.GEORGIA’S UPDATED Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)Description of Georgia’s Nationally Determined Contribution National Circumstances and Institutional Arrangement Development of Georgia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System 1.5 Ambition & Fairness 11 1.4 Scope & Coverage 10 2.3 Population & Vulnerable Groups 187.1 Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the Nationally Determined Contribution of Georgia 38 7.3 The current dynamics of Georgia’s population 40 7.2 Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals 39 Mitigation Adaptation ANNEXES Gender and Climate Change in Georgia 4.1 Goals per Sector 281 DESCRIPTION OF GEORGIA’S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION ALGETI NATIONAL PARK TETRITSQARO MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAThe goal of nationally determined contribution of Georgia is to support the sustainable and balanced development of the country, equally taking into consideration climate change, environmental and socio-economic challenges. The nationally determined contribution of Georgia is as follows: Georgia is committed to a target of 50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, in case of international support.","{'text': '50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 209}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3080,GEO,Georgia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf,"The nationally determined contribution of Georgia is as follows: Georgia is committed to a target of 50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, in case of international support. If the world will follow 2OC average global temperature increase holding scenario, reduction of emissions by 50% will be necessary while in case of limiting increase to 1.5OC, it will be necessary to reduce emissions by 57% compared to 1990 level; The updated NDC of Georgia sets 2030 Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan for the determination of mitigation measures contributing achievement of unconditional and conditional commitments and mitigation targets; Georgia is fully committed1 to an unconditional limiting target of 35 % below 1990 level of its domestic total greenhouse gas emissions Georgia is committed to continue studying its adaptive capacity of different economic sectors to the negative effects of climate change, as well as to plan and implement the respective adaptation measures by mobilising domestic and international resources for the sectors particularly vulnerable to climate change.","{'text': '50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990', 'answer_start': 16}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3081,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"The 19 policy actions translate into 13 adaptation and 34 mitigation programmes of action (referred to as measures). The 19 policy actions that have the potential to maximise the synergies between adaptation and economic diversification, resulting in mitigation co-benefits, will lead to the following outcomes in the long term: • Accelerate sustainable energy transition • Build resilient economies and societies • Enhance early warning and disaster risk management • Enhance landscape restoration • Ensure responsible production and consumption • Foster social inclusion focusing on youth and women • Provide smart and safe communitiesGhana expects that implementing the 19 policy actions will achieve the following by 2030: • Generate absolute greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions of 64 MtCO2e. • Avoid at least 2,900 premature deaths per year from improved air quality.","{'text': 'Ghana expects that implementing the 19 policy actions will achieve the following by 2030: • Generate absolute greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions of 64 MtCO2e.', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3082,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario. Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation. 3. Nationally Determined Contribution and National Development Ghana anticipates that the updated nationally determined contribution will play a key role in achieving the long-term national development objectives for the country and the global sustainable development goals.","{'text': 'Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation.', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3083,GHA,Ghana,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ghana's%20Updated%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_2021.pdf,"For the 34 mitigation measures, Ghana aims to implement nine unconditional programmes of action that would result in 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions in a baseline scenario. Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation. 3. Nationally Determined Contribution and National Development Ghana anticipates that the updated nationally determined contribution will play a key role in achieving the long-term national development objectives for the country and the global sustainable development goals.","{'text': 'Ghana can also adopt additional 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 if financial support from the international and private sector is made available to cover the full cost for implementation.', 'answer_start': 41}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3084,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d’électricité) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déchets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Déforestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au scénario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an séquestrées par rapport au scénario inconditionnelNiveau d’atténuation estimé Hors UTCAFT, la République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030. L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.","{'text': 'L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 215}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3085,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030. Sur UTCAFT, hors actions de reboisement (absorptions non prises en compte), la République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 20% de réduction de ses émissions brutes en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel. L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 49% par rapport au scenario tendanciel. Coûts de mise en œuvre des engagements Au moins 13,8 milliards USD La République de Guinée conditionne une partie de sa contribution (CDN+) à la mobilisation de moyens de financement comptabilisables au titre du Mécanisme financier de la Convention.","{'text': 'L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3086,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"Tableau 9 : émissions de GES projetées par secteur en 2030 selon les scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (en kTCO2 eq) hors UTCAFT Subdivision sectorielle Scénario BAU CDN Inconditionnel CDN+ Conditionnel Industrie dont Ménages (hors Autres gazs provenant de la combustion Processus La République de Guinée établit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) à 2 056 ktCO2 eq/an soit 9,7% de réduction de ses émissions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 5% par an sur la période 2020-2030. L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.Figure 5: émissions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCAFT, scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ Les scenarios de croissance des émissions de GES pour le secteur UTCAFT et les mesures d’atténuation sont basés sur les données de référence du NERF 2021 et leurs projections, sur le plan national d’investissement forestier, sur la stratégie nationale biodiversité 2016-2025, et sur les documents de politique sectorielles sur le bois-énergie et la substitution de combustible.","{'text': 'L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 83}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3087,GIN,Guinea,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf,"L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.Figure 5: émissions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCAFT, scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ Les scenarios de croissance des émissions de GES pour le secteur UTCAFT et les mesures d’atténuation sont basés sur les données de référence du NERF 2021 et leurs projections, sur le plan national d’investissement forestier, sur la stratégie nationale biodiversité 2016-2025, et sur les documents de politique sectorielles sur le bois-énergie et la substitution de combustible. Tableau 10: Taux de déforestation et surface déforestée selon les scénarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (kteqCO2 ) d’après NERF Type de forêt Surface en hectares Pourcentage Taux de déforestation Scénario BAU Scénario CDN Engagements inconditionnels Scénario CDN+ 2030 Engagements conditionnels Surfaces déforestées en ha à horizon 2030 Tableau 11: Emissions de GES projetées par secteur cumulée d’ici 2030 selon les scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (en kTCO2eq) pour la totalité du secteur UTCAFT (déforestation, reboisement, dégradation) Secteur d’émission Scénario BAU Scénario CDN 2030 engagements inconditionnels Scénario CDN+ 2030 engagements conditionnels Déforestation cumulée d’ici 2030 Émissions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCATF BAU Scénario Conditionnel Scénario inconditionnelReboisement cumulé d’ici 2030 (EX-ACT) Dégradation cumulée d’ici 2030 avec ou sans diffusion de foyers améliorés Gaz butane remplaçant le bois (GACMO) Réduction cumulée par rapport au scénario BAU d’ici Ainsi, pour le secteur UTCAFT, nous observons : Selon le scénario BAU (2030), une émission brute de 314 175 kteqCO2 pour le secteur se répartissant entre la déforestation et la dégradation ; Selon le scénario CDN, une émission brute de 255 480 kteqCO2 sur la déforestation et la dégradation ainsi qu’un potentiel de séquestration de 4 514 kteqCO2 pour le reboisement et de réduction de 1417 kteq CO2 pour le gaz butane, soit une réduction cumulée de 64 695 eq.","{'text': 'L’objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s’établit à 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des émissions de 4% par an sur la période 2020-2030.', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3088,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Long term GHG emissions target Limiting the per capita GHG emissions to maximum of 1.23 t/CO2 , or 1.58 in 2050 to achieve the below 2°C objective, with a probability of 66% and 50% respectively. Based on the IPCC and IEA developments in the context of the below 2°C objective, the target is communicated in CO2 . For INDC monitoring, emission of other GHGs was accounted in CO2 -eq (shown in Section 12). 3. Contribution Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 11.49 - 13.75% below BAU in 2030. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.","{'text': 'Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.', 'answer_start': 92}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3089,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030. Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 12.67 - 15.69% below BAU in 2050. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 35.06 - 36.75% below BAU in 2050. 4. Base year Not used to determine the targets as they are indicated in per capita GHG emission. 2010 is taken for the emissions modeling. 5. Scope • Energy • Industrial processes, solvents and other product use • Agriculture • Land use, land use change and forestry • Waste 6.","{'text': 'Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3090,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2050,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030. Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 12.67 - 15.69% below BAU in 2050. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 35.06 - 36.75% below BAU in 2050. 4. Base year Not used to determine the targets as they are indicated in per capita GHG emission. 2010 is taken for the emissions modeling. 5. Scope • Energy • Industrial processes, solvents and other product use • Agriculture • Land use, land use change and forestry • Waste 6.","{'text': 'Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 35.06 - 36.75% below BAU in 2050', 'answer_start': 44}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3091,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Long term GHG emissions target Limiting the per capita GHG emissions to maximum of 1.23 t/CO2 , or 1.58 in 2050 to achieve the below 2°C objective, with a probability of 66% and 50% respectively. Based on the IPCC and IEA developments in the context of the below 2°C objective, the target is communicated in CO2 . For INDC monitoring, emission of other GHGs was accounted in CO2 -eq (shown in Section 12). 3. Contribution Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 11.49 - 13.75% below BAU in 2030. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.","{'text': '30.89% below BAU in 2030', 'answer_start': 114}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3092,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kyrgyzstan%20INDC%20_ENG_%20final.pdf,"Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030. Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 12.67 - 15.69% below BAU in 2050. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 35.06 - 36.75% below BAU in 2050. 4. Base year Not used to determine the targets as they are indicated in per capita GHG emission. 2010 is taken for the emissions modeling. 5. Scope • Energy • Industrial processes, solvents and other product use • Agriculture • Land use, land use change and forestry • Waste 6.","{'text': '30.89% below BAU in 2030', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3093,KGZ,Kyrgyzstan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%92%20ENG%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2008102021.pdf,"The Kyrgyz Republic recognizes the importance of the adoption of the Low-Carbon Development Strategy and the National Adaptation Policy. The overall mitigation goal of the Kyrgyz Republic is to unconditionally reduce GHG emissions by 16.63% by 2025 and by 15.97% by 2030, under the business-as-usual scenario. Should international support be provided, GHG emissions will be reduced by 2025 by 36.61% and by 2030 by 43.62%, under the business-as-usual scenario. The achievement of the NDC is underlain by mitigation actions and policies covering five sectors. However, the primary mitigation capacity is concentrated in the Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses sectors. In the Energy sector, around 60% of all GHG emissions in the country are concentrated.","{'text': 'reduced by 2025 by 36.61% and by 2030 by 43.62%, under the business-as-usual scenario', 'answer_start': 55}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3094,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"Based on the analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different contributions: Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 6 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2 e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15.6 million tCO2 e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding.","{'text': 'An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040', 'answer_start': 65}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3095,MWI,Malawi,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2040,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf,"This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15.6 million tCO2 e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 51 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2040, expressed as a single year target; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 17.7 million tCO2 e in 2040. The coverage of the contribution includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ), ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O).","{'text': 'An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3096,MRT,Mauritania,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf,"Ce potentiel est constitué par l’énorme gisement de production d’énergie propre, éolienne et solaire. Ainsi, la CDN actualisée de la Mauritanie prévoit une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable à celui reçu jusqu’à 2020. Avec un appui plus conséquent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralité carbone, allant jusqu’à une réduction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU. Le coût global de cette ambition est estimé à 34255 Million US$ dont 635 Million US$ est inconditionnel soit 1,85%.","{'text': 'Avec un appui plus conséquent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralité carbone, allant jusqu’à une réduction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU.', 'answer_start': 60}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3097,MAR,Morocco,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf,"Pour l’année de référence 2010, Le niveau d’émission de l’année de référence était de 72 979 Gg d’équivalents CO2. NA Une réduction nette des émissions de GES à l’échelle de l’économie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence (CNA), avec les moyens propres du pays appuyé par un soutien international comparatif à celui reçu jusqu’à 2020. Avec un soutien plus conséquent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu’à une réduction des émissions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA. La quantification des indicateurs de référence a été basée sur les données de l’inventaire national des émissions des GES qui sera communiqué dans la Quatrième Communication Nationale. Une seule année d’objectif : 2030.","{'text': 'Avec un soutien plus conséquent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu’à une réduction des émissions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA.', 'answer_start': 59}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3098,MOZ,Mozambique,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_FL,2025,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf,"Thus, for Mozambique REDD+ was included in this updated NDC 1 as a key means of implementation to operationalise mitigation ambitions. Finally, Mozambique proposes to carry out a series of mitigation actions that in aggregate expect to achieve a reduction of GHG emissions by about 40 million tCO2 eq between 2020 and 2025. These reductions are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the results of the BUR to be available in 2022.","{'text': 'Mozambique proposes to carry out a series of mitigation actions that in aggregate expect to achieve a reduction of GHG emissions by about 40 million tCO2 eq between 2020 and 2025.', 'answer_start': 22}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3099,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"The first NDC covered all economic sectors, but special attention as given to the power generation and transportation sectors because they had the highest CO2 emissions reduction potential. This NDC revision process found that the BAU scenario in the first NDC was overestimating GDP growth, and in consequence overestimating current baseline emissions as well as the trajectory for 2025. The revised NDC includes an emissions reduction target against a 2010 base year instead of a BAU scenario for improved clarity and consistency in monitoring and reporting emissions. This revised and strengthened NDC pledges a significantly more ambitious mitigation target of reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010, conditional upon adequate access to resources including climate finance as well as capacity building support.","{'text': 'reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010', 'answer_start': 100}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3100,KNA,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf,"This revised and strengthened NDC pledges a significantly more ambitious mitigation target of reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010, conditional upon adequate access to resources including climate finance as well as capacity building support. This will be achieved by switching to 100% renewable energy in electricity generation and increasing the share of electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet to at least 2%. Additionally, St. Kitts and Nevis seeks financial and capacity building support to develop the necessary charging infrastructure and training programs to enable swift decarbonization of the transport sector.","{'text': 'reducing economy-wide CO2 emissions by 61% by 2030, compared to the base year 2010', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3101,HTI,Haiti,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revisee%20Haiti%202022.pdf,"Ce qui représente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui était de 31%. Réduction de 1196 ktCO2e de manière inconditionnelle, représentant une réduction de 6.32% par rapport au scénario de référence. b. Secteurs, gaz, catégories et bassins couverts par la contribution déterminée au niveau national, y compris, le cas échéant, conformément aux lignes directrices du GIEC. La CDN couvre l’ensemble des émissions et absorptions anthropogéniques de tous les secteurs de l’économie Tous les secteurs des lignes directrices du GIEC, couverts par l’inventaire national de GES, à savoir Énergie, Agriculture, Affectation des Terres, Déchets, Production de charbon et biomasse sont pris en compte.","{'text': 'Réduction de 1196 ktCO2e de manière inconditionnelle, représentant une réduction de 6.32% par rapport au scénario de référence', 'answer_start': 14}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3102,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"For the Updated NDC of the Republic of Tajikistan the mitigation targets were defined based on the three GHG emission scenarios formulated for the Republic of Tajikistan. Therefore, based on the GHG emission projections, the Republic of Tajikistan would have an unconditional target which is an emissions cap of 60 to 70% of existing GHG emissions in 1990. The last means that the Republic of Tajikistan should not goes beyond 21.32 to 24.87 MtCO2 eq emitted in 2030. Whereas the conditional target would be an emission cap of 50 to 60% of GHG emissions occurred in 1990.","{'text': 'conditional target would be an emission cap of 50 to 60% of GHG emissions occurred in 1990.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3103,TJK,Tajikistan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_TAJIKISTAN_ENG.pdf,"Whereas the conditional target would be an emission cap of 50 to 60% of GHG emissions occurred in 1990. Thus represents a eq emitted in 2030.The last if it is expressed as GHG emissions per capita indicates that the unconditional target goes between 1.9 to 2.2 tCO2eq and the conditional target goes between 1.5 to 1.9 tCO2eq per capita by 2030. The table below provides the summary of the Information on Clarity, Transparency and Understanding (ICTUs) of the enhanced Tajikistan’s NDCs.1.","{'text': 'conditional target would be an emission cap of 50 to 60% of GHG emissions occurred in 1990.', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3104,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"❖ Contribution inconditionnelle Les résultats de l’analyse des réductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s’engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de réduction de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% à l’horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11). ❖ Contribution conditionnelle Dans l’approche proposée pour le scénario d’atténuation, l’Etat togolais s’engage, s’il bénéficie du soutien requis, de réaliser une diminution supplémentaire de 30,06% des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence à l’horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d’autosuffisance alimentaire en procédant de façon à ne pas compromettre son développement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des réductions globales des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence ❖ Contribution globale De façon globale, la contribution du Togo s’élève à 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq à l’horizon 2030 répartie comme suit : ✓ Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; ✓ Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%.","{'text': 'de réaliser une diminution supplémentaire de 30,06% des émissions de GES', 'answer_start': 65}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3105,TGO,Togo,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf,"❖ Contribution conditionnelle Dans l’approche proposée pour le scénario d’atténuation, l’Etat togolais s’engage, s’il bénéficie du soutien requis, de réaliser une diminution supplémentaire de 30,06% des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence à l’horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d’autosuffisance alimentaire en procédant de façon à ne pas compromettre son développement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des réductions globales des émissions de GES par rapport au scénario de référence ❖ Contribution globale De façon globale, la contribution du Togo s’élève à 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq à l’horizon 2030 répartie comme suit : ✓ Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; ✓ Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%. Ces nouveaux engagements représentent une progression par rapport aux CDN initiales et correspondent à un niveau d ambition le plus élevé possible, compte tenu des circonstances nationales conformément au paragraphe 3 de l’article 4 de l’Accord de Paris.","{'text': 'de réaliser une diminution supplémentaire de 30,06% des émissions de GES', 'answer_start': 18}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3106,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d’atténuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond à une baisse de l’intensité carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport à celle de l’année de référence 2010, ce qui est très largement au-dessus de la première CDN ou l’effort inconditionnel devait générer seulement 13% de réduction de l’intensité carbone. La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l’intensité carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport à l’année de référence 2010.","{'text': 'La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l’intensité carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport à l’année de référence 2010', 'answer_start': 54}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3107,TUN,Tunisia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf,"La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l’intensité carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport à l’année de référence 2010. Figure 1: Trajectoires de l’intensité carbone selon la contribution conditionnelle et inconditionnelle de la Tunisie sur la période 2010-2030  La Contribution Tunisienne actualisée en matière d’atténuationCDN actualisée de la TUNISIE 1.2 Couverture et portée Besoins de financements, de renforcement des capacités et de transfert de technologie nécessaires pour l’atteinte des objectifs de la CDN Couverture géographique Ensemble du territoire national % des émissions nationales couvertes par l’effort d’atténuation 100% des émissions de l’année 2010 Secteurs ciblés Énergie (toutes les sources et secteurs), Procédés industriels, Agriculture, Forêt et Autres utilisations des Terres (AFAT) et Déchets Gaz ciblés Équité et Ambition Partie Non-Annexe 1 de la CCNUCC, la Tunisie s’engage à contribuer à l’effort planétaire d’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES).","{'text': 'La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l’intensité carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport à l’année de référence 2010', 'answer_start': 0}",fr-FR,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3108,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"It provides information on national circumstances, mitigation and adaptation measures and actions that need to be taken to achieve this goal. The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan …………… 18 3 ADAPTATION…………………………………… 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………………….… 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector ""Industrial Processes and Product Use"" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector ""Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use"" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding LDN Land Degradation Neutrality NDC Nationally Determined Contribution MRV Monitoring, reporting and verification NACAG Nitric Acid Climate Action Group RCP Representative Concentration PathwaysEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uzbekistan joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 20, 1993.","{'text': 'The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3109,UZB,Uzbekistan,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BYE,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf,"The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan …………… 18 3 ADAPTATION…………………………………… 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………………….… 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector ""Industrial Processes and Product Use"" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector ""Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use"" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding LDN Land Degradation Neutrality NDC Nationally Determined Contribution MRV Monitoring, reporting and verification NACAG Nitric Acid Climate Action Group RCP Representative Concentration PathwaysEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uzbekistan joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 20, 1993. Uzbekistan prepared and submitted three National Communications, the First Biennial Update Report (2021) and the Inventory Reports for 1990-2017 in accordance with the UNFCCC requirements and guidelines.","{'text': 'The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3110,ZMB,Zambia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf,"This NDC was submitted with a conditional pledge of reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 25% (20,000 Gg CO2 eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario with limited international support1 or by 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support2. The mitigation actions were focused on three programmes: (1) Sustainable forest management; (2) Sustainable agriculture, and; (3) Renewable energy and energy efficiency. Adaptation actions in this NDC were focused on strategic productive systems (agriculture, wildlife and water), strategic infrastructure and health systems and enhanced capacity building, research, technology transfer and finance for adaptation. The country requires substantial resources to meet the means of implementation of these interventions.","{'text': 'By 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support', 'answer_start': 40}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3111,ZMB,Zambia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf,"(d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction; At least 25% (20,000 Gg CO2 eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the business as usual scenario with limited international support or By 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support. (e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s); Sources of information include; Zambia’s Biennial Update Report and Third National Communication submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat in 2020. (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The value of the reference indicator has been updated due to the fact that GHG emissions have been recalculated as a result of change of methodologies.","{'text': 'By 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support', 'answer_start': 43}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3112,ZMB,Zambia,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Final%20Zambia_Revised%20and%20Updated_NDC_2021_.pdf,"Single-year target in 2030.3 Scope and coverage: (a) General description of the target; This NDC is submitted with a conditional pledge of reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions eq.) by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the BAU scenario with levels of international support prevailing in 2015 or by 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support. (b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; Information provided in this NDC is consistent with the IPCC guidelines: Sectors 1. Energy-categories include; Energy industries, manufacturing industries and construction, transport, and other sectors 2. Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)-categories include; livestock, Land and Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land 3.","{'text': 'By 47% (38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3113,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"It is projected to be around 957 kWh in 2030. c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Not applicable. d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction 40% reduction in GHG emissions per capita compared to BAU by 2030, conditional on international support.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 ICTU category Response e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) Historical emissions data from various sources: • Zimbabwe’s National Communications • Zimbabwe’s first Biennial Update Report • National Ozone Office • OICA data on vehicle population Future emissions, including both the baseline and mitigation scenarios, were calculated using the LEAP (the Low Emissions Analysis Platform) software, integrating official government projections of population and GDP.","{'text': '40% reduction in GHG emissions per capita compared to BAU by 2030, conditional on international support.', 'answer_start': 69}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3114,ZWE,Zimbabwe,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Zimbabwe%20Revised%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%202021%20Final.pdf,"d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction 40% reduction in GHG emissions per capita compared to BAU by 2030, conditional on international support.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 ICTU category Response e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) Historical emissions data from various sources: • Zimbabwe’s National Communications • Zimbabwe’s first Biennial Update Report • National Ozone Office • OICA data on vehicle population Future emissions, including both the baseline and mitigation scenarios, were calculated using the LEAP (the Low Emissions Analysis Platform) software, integrating official government projections of population and GDP. Other sources of data include: • Low Emissions Development Strategy • National Development Strategy 1: 2021-2025 • 2017 System Development Plan • Zimbabwe Livestock Growth Implementation Plan • Continuation of historic trends from Fourth National Communication Data (for emissions from IPCC category Land, 3B) The Zimbabwe LEAP model contains references to all relevant data sources and key assumptions.","{'text': '40% reduction in GHG emissions per capita compared to BAU by 2030, conditional on international support.', 'answer_start': 17}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3115,UGA,Uganda,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/Updated%20NDC%20_Uganda_2022%20Final.pdf,"Sectoral BAU baselines for each of the key mitigation sectors have been computed. c. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction Economy wide emissions reduction of 24.7% in 2030 below the BAU conditions. Of which, Uganda’s unconditional efforts will result into reduction of 5.9% in 2030 below the BAU conditions.","{'text': 'Economy wide emissions reduction of 24.7% in 2030 below the BAU conditions.', 'answer_start': 30}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3116,LKA,Sri Lanka,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf,"Mitigation Strategies Sri Lanka being a developing country, anticipates achieving the development objectives while moving in a low carbon development pathway. Mainly five sectors have been identified under mitigation for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These are sectors of energy (electricity generation), transport, industry, forests and waste. Possible emission reduction actions have been identified in each sector, which are to be implemented during the period of 2020 to 2030. NDCs for Mitigation intends to reduce the GHG emissions against BAU scenario by 20% in the energy sector (4% unconditionally and 16% conditionally) and by 10% in other sectors (transport, industry, forests and waste) by 3% unconditionally and 7% conditionally by 2030. 5.1. Energy Sector-Electricity generation Sri Lanka has realized almost 100% electrification through the national grid.","{'text': 'NDCs for Mitigation intends to reduce the GHG emissions against BAU scenario by 20% in the energy sector (4% unconditionally and 16% conditionally)', 'answer_start': 68}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3117,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"For this, Angola‟s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) encompasses for Mitigation purposes both unconditional and conditional measures for the reduction of GHG. The country is committed to stabilize its emissions, and contribute to climate change mitigation by 2030, targeting the following sectors: Power generation from renewable sources; and Reforestation. Angola plans to reduce GHG emissions up to 35% unconditionally by 2030 as compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario (base year 2005). In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenariothe country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030. In achieving its unconditional and conditional targets Angola expects to reduce its emissions trajectory by nearly 50% below the BAU scenario by 2030 at overall cost of over 14.7billion USD.","{'text': 'An additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3118,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"Contribution level Therefore, the country is committed to stabilize its emissions by reducing GHG emissions up to 50% below BAU emission levels by 2030 through unconditional and conditional actions targeting the following sectors: Power generation from renewable sources; and Reforestation. Unconditional Reduction The level of reduction planned unconditionally is expected to be up to 35% by 2030 as compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, taking 2005 as the reference year. Conditional Reduction In a conditional mitigation scenario Angola plans to reduce further its emissions. Therefore, the mitigation options identified in this scenario are expected to reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030.","{'text': 'An additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3119,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"Therefore, the mitigation options identified in this scenario are expected to reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030. In total, in achieving its unconditional and conditional targets Angola 2JoergenFenhann, UNEP DTU Partnership, e-mail jqfe@dtu.dkexpects to reduce its emissions trajectory by nearly 50% below the BAU scenario across sectors by 2030. Baseline scenario and projections of Unconditional and Conditional mitigation scenarios for Angola Emissions – BAU scenario (ktCO2 e) Emissions - Unconditional scenario e) Emissions - Conditional scenario e) *From the baseline scenario. Strategy and planning processes For metrics and methodologies Global Warming Potential on a 100 year timescale is used in accordance with the IPCC s 4th Assessment Report. The contribution is to be developed into an emissions budget for the period 2021 to 2030.","{'text': 'An additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 12}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3120,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"The sector is thought to have captured close to 3 million tons of CO2 e in 2005, and the country is committed to increase carbon sequestration from the forestry sector to 5 million tons of CO2 e per year by 2030. Presentation of conditional mitigation options Key available projects that are expected to maximize the amount of avoided emissions, while concurrently minimizing the level of required upfront investment have been selected as potential mitigation options to be developed conditionally.These mitigation options identified in this scenario are expected to reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030.","{'text': 'An additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3121,AGO,Angola,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Angola%20deposito.pdf,"Presentation of conditional mitigation options Key available projects that are expected to maximize the amount of avoided emissions, while concurrently minimizing the level of required upfront investment have been selected as potential mitigation options to be developed conditionally.These mitigation options identified in this scenario are expected to reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030. By undertaking Personal Communication.Forest Development Institute of Angola (IDF).these actions Angola will achieve the potential conditional target of 50 % emissions reductionbelow BAU emission levels by 2030.For this, the Government of Angola will pursue international support to utilize existing and emerging climate finance mechanisms and will encourage investments in green growth development initiatives.","{'text': 'An additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030', 'answer_start': 48}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3122,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"- GHG emission projections for 2020: 116.36 million tCO2 e - GHG emission projections for 2030: 187.73 million tCO2 e The BAU scenario projection will be revised to include more accurate information with preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Update.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Page 5 Unconditional contribution Based the on national circumstances, common but differentiated responsibility and its capability, DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources. Conditional contribution DPR Korea could achieve the additional contribution equivalent to 32.25% of the GHG emission in the BAU scenario by 2030 if international support is received through international cooperation including the financial support under the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'DPR Korea could achieve the additional contribution equivalent to 32.25% of the GHG emission in the BAU scenario by 2030 if international support is received', 'answer_start': 85}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3123,PRK,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf,"Conditional contribution DPR Korea could achieve the additional contribution equivalent to 32.25% of the GHG emission in the BAU scenario by 2030 if international support is received through international cooperation including the financial support under the Paris Agreement. 2.2 Fair and Ambitious DPR Korea’s GHG emission is 65 714GgCO2 e in 2000, which accounts for 0.16% of the World GHG emission in 2000 (40GtCO2 e). With the GHG emission of 2.9tCO2 e per capita in 2000, DPR Korea is one of low GHG emitting countries in terms of emissions per capita. GHG emission per capita will be increased to 6.5tCO2 e in 2030, but it will be still below the world average.","{'text': 'DPR Korea could achieve the additional contribution equivalent to 32.25% of the GHG emission in the BAU scenario by 2030 if international support is received', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3124,ERI,Eritrea,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,"T_TRA, T_BAU",,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NRC%20Eritrea.pdf,"The positive abatement revenues indicate the potential priority projects with short term returns while; the negative abatement revenues have long term returns yet projects have substantial CO2 eq emission reduction. Trajectory Objective Towards 2030 The government of Eritrea is committed to reduce the CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 4.2% in 2020, 6.2% by 2025 and 12.0% by 2030 compared to the projected BAU of the reference year of 2010. If additional support is availed, it can further be reduced by 12.6% in 2020, 24.9% by 2025 and 38.5 by the year 2030. Table 2. Reduction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions Scenario (%) Year The business as usual (BAU) scenario, for all GHG gases, is expected to increase to 4.1 MtCO2 eq.","{'text': 'If additional support is availed, it can further be reduced by 12.6% in 2020, 24.9% by 2025 and 38.5 by the year 2030.', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3125,KEN,Kenya,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Kenya_NDC_20150723.pdf,"Low carbon and efficient transportation systems. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) in line with the National CSA Framework. Sustainable waste management systems. Kenya seeks to undertake an ambitious mitigation contribution towards the 2015 Agreement. Kenya therefore seeks to abate its GHG emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO2eq; and in line with its sustainable development agenda. This is also subject to international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building.MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES 2.1.1 Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Timeframe for implementation The timeframe for implementation of the INDC is up to 2030. Scope of gases included in the contribution Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) are prioritised.","{'text': '30% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO2eq', 'answer_start': 42}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3126,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"However, financial and technical constraints do not permit realization of the full mitigation potential. It is likely that these challenges will continue to feature prominently in future national discourse and would only be effectively addressed with financial grants and technical assistance from the international community.5.2 Pak-INDC Statement Having considered the existing potential for mitigation in the country, Pakistan intends to reduce up to 20% of its 2030 projected GHG emissions subject to availability of international grants to meet the total abatement cost for the indicated 20 percent reduction amounting to about US$ 40 billion at current prices. Pakistan’s adaptation needs range between U$ 7 to U$ 14 billion/annum during this period.","{'text': 'Pakistan intends to reduce up to 20% of its 2030 projected GHG emissions subject to availability of international grants', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3127,PLW,Palau,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Palau_INDC.Final%20Copy.pdf,"Given Palau’s remoteness, the small size of the economy, low GDP per capita, dependence on partnership support and vulnerability to climate change, Palau’s proposed targets are ambitious and fair as measured against other nations. Under the BAU scenario emissions would be 140 thousand tCO2e in 2025, compared to 68 thousand tCO2e if both the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets are met.Emissions in 2005 were approximated at 88 thousand tCO2e. Full implementation of the renewable energy and energy efficiency strategies outlined below puts Palau on a trajectory to reducing emissions by half as against BAU in 2025, the equivalent of 22% under 2005 emissions levels. Business-­‐As Usual emissions projection against INDC full implementation emissions projection (and Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency scenarios disaggregated) 3. Accompanying Information on Palau’s INDC a.","{'text': 'reducing emissions by half as against BAU in 2025, the equivalent of 22% under 2005 emissions levels', 'answer_start': 88}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3128,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,1st NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/The%20United%20Republic%20of%20Tanzania%20First%20NDC.pdf,"The intended contributions by these sectors are considered fair and ambitious in light of Tanzania’s national circumstances and for achieving the UNFCCC objective. Tanzania will reduce greenhouse gas emissions economy wide between 10-20% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 138 - 153 Million tones of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)- gross emissions, depending on the baseline efficiency improvements, consistent with its sustainable development agenda. The emissions reduction is subject to review after the first Biennial Update Report (BUR).Years) BAU# Baseline# Low# Ambi:on# High# Ambi:on# Fig. 1: Projected emission reduction from BAU3 with low and high ambition by 2030.","{'text': '20% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario', 'answer_start': 33}",en-US,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3129,MEX,Mexico,Updated NDC,T_Economy_C,T_BAU,2030,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf,"De forma condicionada, México puede aumentar su meta al 2030 hasta 40%, con respecto a su línea base en 2030, si se escala el financiamiento internacional, la innovación y transferencia tecnológica, y si otros países, principalmente los mayores emisores, realizan esfuerzos conmensurados a los objetivos más ambiciosos del Acuerdo de París. Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada. El escenario tendencial proyectado al 2030, sin intervención de política de mitigación se cuantificó en 991 MtCO2 e como punto de referencia para 2030.","{'text': 'Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada.', 'answer_start': 51}",es-ES,Are there economy-wide conditional targets?
3130,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_Specific,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"Increased levels of active travel can improve everyday life for us all. 17. We will deliver the Prime Minister’s bold vision for cycling and walking, investing £2 billion over five years with the vision that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. We will also deliver thousands of miles of safe, continuous, direct routes for cycling in towns and cities, physically separated from pedestrians and volume motor traffic along with more low traffic neighbourhoods and school streets. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener18. We will deliver a world class cycling and walking network in England by 2040.","{'text': 'We will deliver the Prime Minister’s bold vision for cycling and walking, investing £2 billion over five years with the vision that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What are the specific priority projects identified?
3131,GBR,United Kingdom,LTS,P_Specific,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf,"We will make buses more frequent, more reliable, more comprehensive, easier to understand and use, better co-ordinated and cheaper – to dramatically increase passenger numbers and reduce congestion and carbon emissions. 20. We will support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses, either battery electric or hydrogen, and the infrastructure needed to support them. This will be the single largest investment ever made in zero emission buses, representing the replacement of nearly 12% of England’s local operator bus fleet. 21. We will deliver the first All-Electric Bus City. This will demonstrate what can be achieved when there is a real commitment to move all buses in a place to electric zero emission. Coventry has now been announced as the UK’s first all-electric bus city, with £50 million to fund up to 300 electric buses and charging infrastructure. 22.","{'text': 'We will support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses, either battery electric or hydrogen, and the infrastructure needed to support them.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What are the specific priority projects identified?
3132,IND,India,1st NDC,P_Specific,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf,"Another initiative in this direction is the Sagarmala Project with the objective to augment port-led development and promote efficient transportation of goods. Bharatmala Project which envisions constructing about 5,000 km of road network all along the coastal areas will further provide connectivity to these ports. 4) The vision of Urban Transport policies is to focus on moving ‘people’ rather than ‘vehicles’, in which Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) would play an important role. 5) Around 236 km of metro rail have been made operational in the country. Further, about 550 km are under construction and 600 km under consideration for different cities across the country including Ahmedabad, Pune, and Lucknow.","{'text': 'Sagarmala Project with the objective to augment port-led development and promote efficient transportation of goods. Bharatmala Project which envisions constructing about 5,000 km of road network all along the coastal areas will further provide connectivity to these ports', 'answer_start': 7}",en-US,What are the specific priority projects identified?
3133,CPV,Cabo Verde,1st NDC,P_Specific,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo_Verde_INDC_.pdf,"solar pumps) for water pumping, distribution and irrigation; and  promoting the built-up of a comprehensive network of energy services companies (ESCOs) and clean-energy business incubators. Transport-specific NAMA Seek to develop a NAMA that increases energy efficiency of the transport sector, including domestic shipping and domestic air travel, and evaluates options for policies and actions available to reduce the impact of GHG emissions originating from this sector. The NAMA will initially be focused on the collection of relevant data_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 | P á g i n a for the sector, including, among others, fuel type and consumption per transport mode, technology performance, fuel substitution possibilities, estimation of costs, and an updated GHG emissions profile for light-duty vehicles as well as for freight and passenger transportation services.","{'text': 'Transport-specific NAMA', 'answer_start': 26}",en-US,What are the specific priority projects identified?
3134,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,G_Group,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"Planning process (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; Brunei Darussalam has established a multi-sectoral climate change institutional governance to ensure a Whole-of-Nation approach in addressing the challenges and opportunities of climate change at a national level. The climate change governance structure consists of the Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change, Executive Committee on Climate Change, Mitigation Working Group, Adaptation and Resilience Working Group, and Support Framework Working Group.","{'text': 'The climate change governance structure consists of the Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change, Executive Committee on Climate Change, Mitigation Working Group, Adaptation and Resilience Working Group, and Support Framework Working Group.', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What NDC governance groups or mechanism are identified?
3135,BRN,Brunei Darussalam,Updated NDC,G_Group,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Brunei%20Darussalam's%20NDC%202020.pdf,"The climate change governance structure consists of the Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change, Executive Committee on Climate Change, Mitigation Working Group, Adaptation and Resilience Working Group, and Support Framework Working Group. The Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change comprises of four key ministers and a deputy minister and it is co-chaired by the Honourable Minister of Development and the Honourable Minister of Energy to provide the highest level of strategic direction in addressing climate change. The Executive Committee on Climate Change is composed of Permanent Secretaries of key government agencies, Chief Executive Officers and Managing Directors of industry operators, Presidents of professional associations, academia and non-governmental organisations to drive national climate mitigation, adaptation and support efforts.","{'text': 'The climate change governance structure consists of the Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change, Executive Committee on Climate Change, Mitigation Working Group, Adaptation and Resilience Working Group, and Support Framework Working Group.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What NDC governance groups or mechanism are identified?
3136,GRD,Grenada,2nd NDC,G_Group,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/GrenadaSecondNDC2020%20-%2001-12-20.pdf,"Mitigation actions within adaptation projects will be captured through the data collection framework and GHG inventory and reported in the respective sectors. 4. Planning process (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; Grenada’s NDC planning process was led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and involved the following steps: - A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation).","{'text': 'A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation)', 'answer_start': 87}",en-US,What NDC governance groups or mechanism are identified?
3137,GRD,Grenada,2nd NDC,G_Group,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/GrenadaSecondNDC2020%20-%2001-12-20.pdf,"Planning process (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its NDC and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; Grenada’s NDC planning process was led by the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and involved the following steps: - A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation). - Several workshops were held with key stakeholders to develop strategies and initiatives and to identify the possible data sources that will be needed to update the NDC.","{'text': 'A technical committee as a sub-group from the NCCC was formed in 2018 and comprised of representatives from the relevant ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment; the Energy Division in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Public Utilities, Energy, Transport and Implementation)', 'answer_start': 64}",en-US,What NDC governance groups or mechanism are identified?
3138,KHM,Cambodia,LTS,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf,"Medium High 39 Potential reduction in heat island effect/internal heating and cooling load from panel shading. Low Medium 39Cambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 40 No Mitigation action Adaptation co-benefit Relevance (now) Relevance NDC action number Increased use of public transportation can provide additional transportation options and reduce redundancy in transportation systems during emergency events. Low Medium 56 Electric vehicles as additional emergency transportation for large populations in the event of evacuations or other major climatic events. Low Medium 56 Electric vehicles can potentially be utilized as back-up batteries in emergency situations. Low Medium 56 Power generation Reduction of exposure to fluctuating fossil fuel costs and escalating carbon costs for vulnerable populations disproportionately impacted by climate change. Medium High Facilitation of inclusiveness within the energy transition as a major pillar of adaptation (distributed generation, local renewable producers). 5 Biomass supply Charcoal forest fire prevention and biodiversity protection since fires become more common with higher temperatures and longer dry spells.","{'text': 'Electric vehicles can potentially be utilized as back-up batteries in emergency situations.', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3139,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.","{'text': 'Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards', 'answer_start': 157}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3140,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.","{'text': 'Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards', 'answer_start': 113}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3141,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.","{'text': 'Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change', 'answer_start': 201}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3142,MDA,Republic of Moldova,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf,"Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc. - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure.","{'text': 'Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change', 'answer_start': 142}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3143,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Reduction in CH4 emissions, since methane-producing microbes are not active in the presence of oxygen. Sustainable management of water sheds and fresh water resources for human ecological benefits Enforcement of by-laws for land use management and water sheds (Local authorities and police) Established Watershed and fresh water committee that are gender sensitive for responsible and sustainable water management Review and update of National Laws towards Water Sheds Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Capacity building and sensitization of communities to waste segregation (Door to door campaign) Building the Capacity of community Youth to transform waste into wealth Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials.","{'text': 'Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials.', 'answer_start': 124}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3144,SLE,Sierra Leone,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf,"Sustainable management of water sheds and fresh water resources for human ecological benefits Enforcement of by-laws for land use management and water sheds (Local authorities and police) Established Watershed and fresh water committee that are gender sensitive for responsible and sustainable water management Review and update of National Laws towards Water Sheds Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Capacity building and sensitization of communities to waste segregation (Door to door campaign) Building the Capacity of community Youth to transform waste into wealth Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials. Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy.","{'text': 'Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials.', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3145,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.","{'text': 'By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations', 'answer_start': 1020}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3146,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events • Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide • Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel • Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions of black carbon • Reduced emissions of HFCs • Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns • Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports • Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover • Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods • Preservation of food supply/security • Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems • Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions • Reduction of coastal erosion • Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection • Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduced emissions from fishing fuel • Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides • Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock • Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits • Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.","{'text': 'By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations', 'answer_start': 1015}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3147,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"Therefore, the FSM aims to carefully maintain and update its primary cargo and transportation vessels, and may look to secure additional vessels. Indeed, in some circumstances, running smaller vessels more frequently can decrease fuel usage, thereby lowering both costs and emissions, while improving the economy and emergency response capacity.Contributions Unconditional By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan. Conditional By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping. Conditional By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations.","{'text': 'By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations', 'answer_start': 70}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3148,FSM,Micronesia,Updated NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf,"Conditional By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations. Climate Change Co-Benefits Mitigation Adaptation • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels • Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) • Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies and other natural resources Means of Implementation Requirements Completion of GIS mapping is expected to require additional financial resources to pay for technical assistance. Acquiring one to two additional transport and emergency response vessels will either require significant financial support or an in-kind contribution. Relevant SDGs Good health is advanced by preparing communities for severe climatic events and responding to such events in a timely manner.","{'text': 'By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations', 'answer_start': 1}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3149,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"The Mexican Government has identified a series of areas where technology transfer could be of benefit of the country for adaptation, including through: Access to information systems in order to monitor hydrometeorological events in real time and thus consolidate and enhance early warning systems. Availability of methods and tools to assess climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in specific sectors and regions. Water technologies for savings, recycling, capture, irrigation and sustainable management for agriculture purposes. Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse effects of climate change in particular for roads and massive transportation Technologies for the protection of coastal and river infrastructure.","{'text': 'Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse effects of climate change in particular for roads and massive transportation', 'answer_start': 74}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3150,MEX,Mexico,1st NDC,R_Tech,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MEXICO%20INDC%2003.30.2015.pdf,"The Mexican Government has identified a series of areas where technology transfer could be of benefit of the country for adaptation, including through: Access to information systems in order to monitor hydrometeorological events in real time and thus consolidate and enhance early warning systems. Availability of methods and tools to assess climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in specific sectors and regions. Water technologies for savings, recycling, capture, irrigation and sustainable management for agriculture purposes. Transportation technologies that are resilient to the adverse effects of climate change in particular for roads and massive transportation Technologies for the protection of coastal and river infrastructure.","{'text': 'Technologies for the protection of coastal and river infrastructure.', 'answer_start': 93}",en-US,"What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?"
3151,ISL,Iceland,Updated NDC,G_Respon,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Iceland_updated_NDC_Submission_Feb_2021.pdf,"The work on the Climate Action Plan was carried out by an inter- ministerial working-group, with the Association of Local Authorities also represented, led by the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources. (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; The Climate Action Plan, published in 2020, reflects comments and suggestions received during public hearing as well as conclusions of a consultation process with stakeholders and civil society.Institutional arrangements: Through the climate cooperation with the European Union and Norway, specific regulation has been implemented, covering all emission and sectors (see 3(a)). The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources has the overarching cross-sectoral responsibility for coordination and implementation, whereas different ministries are responsible for actions that falls under their respective sectors.","{'text': 'The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources has the overarching cross-sectoral responsibility for coordination and implementation, whereas different ministries are responsible for actions that falls under their respective sectors.', 'answer_start': 102}",en-US,Who is responsible for transport activities?
3152,ISL,Iceland,Updated NDC,G_Respon,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Iceland_updated_NDC_Submission_Feb_2021.pdf,"The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources has the overarching cross-sectoral responsibility for coordination and implementation, whereas different ministries are responsible for actions that falls under their respective sectors. The Ministry for Finance is responsible for tax schemes. The coordination is carried out by inter-ministerial working-group, where the Association of Local Authorities is also represented, led by the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources. With an amendment made to the Climate Act No 70/2012 in 2019, the administration framework regarding climate issues was strengthened.","{'text': 'The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources has the overarching cross-sectoral responsibility for coordination and implementation, whereas different ministries are responsible for actions that falls under their respective sectors.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,Who is responsible for transport activities?
3153,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Respon,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators)', 'answer_start': 57}",en-US,Who is responsible for transport activities?
3154,SSD,South Sudan,2nd NDC,G_Respon,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf,"The ministry will also promote energy efficiency measures to reduce the carbon footprint of mining and quarrying processes. Transport The Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Roads and Bridges will be the main implementing entities responsible for formulation and development of policies for the transport sector, such as vehicular emission standards and regulations for promoting the use of EVs in the country. The South Sudan Roads Authority will support the development of climate-resilient road infrastructure in South Sudan. Industry The Ministry of Trade and Industry will act as implementing entity for this sector.","{'text': 'The Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Roads and Bridges will be the main implementing entities responsible for formulation and development of policies for the transport sector, such as vehicular emission standards and regulations for promoting the use of EVs in the country. The South Sudan Roads Authority will support the development of climate-resilient road infrastructure in South Sudan.', 'answer_start': 19}",en-US,Who is responsible for transport activities?
3155,TON,Tonga,LTS,G_Respon,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The LT-LEDS pathway for transport supports this NDC aim through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs. Relevant national policies, sectoral policies and links with the LT-LEDS All transport responsibilities come under the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI), under which sit a number of entities managing land, maritime and aviation sub-sectors. The main actor in land transport is the Land Transport Division of MOI. The main actors in the maritime sector in Tonga are the Marine and Ports Division (MPD) of the MOI, Ports Authority Tonga (PAT), Ministry of Education, Tonga Maritime Polytechnic Institute (TMPI) and a number of private sector actors.","{'text': 'All transport responsibilities come under the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI), under which sit a number of entities managing land, maritime and aviation sub-sectors.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,Who is responsible for transport activities?
3156,LBR,Liberia,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Final%20Submission%20Sept%2030%202015%20Liberia.pdf,"Mainstream climate change into existing transport management plan to strengthen emission control. 2. Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services; developing technical and safety standards and the enforcement of policies including emission control. 3. Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services. 4. Develop emission reduction and tracking system of pollutants from vehicles. 5. Blend up to 5% of palm oil biodiesel with both gasoline and diesel by 2030 for vehicles.II. ADAPTATION Impacts and Vulnerability Vulnerability and adaptation assessments conducted have revealed that Liberia is faced with climate change and variability leading to extreme events, which have negative impact on agriculture, forestry, health, energy and other sectors. Climate change impacts are marked by irregular patterns of rainfall, flooding, high temperature, and coastal erosion.","{'text': 'Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services', 'answer_start': 13}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3157,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.","{'text': 'Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems', 'answer_start': 209}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3158,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).","{'text': 'Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3159,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.","{'text': 'Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems', 'answer_start': 109}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3160,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.","{'text': 'Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs', 'answer_start': 183}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3161,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).","{'text': 'Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3162,PAK,Pakistan,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf,"Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.","{'text': 'Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs', 'answer_start': 83}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3163,MEX,Mexico,LTS,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. • To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. • To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. • To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. • To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.","{'text': 'To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency', 'answer_start': 93}",fr-FR,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3164,MEX,Mexico,LTS,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. • To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. • To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. • To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.","{'text': 'To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3165,WSM,Samoa,1st NDC,I_Capacity,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa%20INDC_Submission%20to%20UNFCCC.pdf,"The transport sector which has the highest sectoral emissions in particular has a regulation in place to restrict emissions from vehicles to a certain level. However enforcement has not been possible due to a lack of technical capacity, technological capacity and financial resources. Enforcement of this regulation will have significant impact on reducing emissions from this sector. 4 The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA) was developed to identify key sectors with immediate adaption needs.","{'text': 'technological capacity and financial resources. Enforcement of this regulation will have significant impact on reducing emissions from this sector.', 'answer_start': 38}",en-US,What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
3166,MHL,Marshall Islands,LTS,P_Institute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf,"The results of this pilot should be analyzed and disseminated.102. Five main barriers would need to be addressed to increase the penetration of electric vehicles in RMI: x the absence of clear institutional authority to mandate/facilitate the uptake of electric vehicles; x the relative cost of electric vehicles; x the lack of charging infrastructure; x the current limits of electricity generation; x the prohibitive cost, especially to the public. 103. The relationship between increased use of electric vehicles and increased electricity demand will need to be further explored. Policies in both areas will need to be consistent. 104. The major impediment to decarbonizing the land transportation sector is the absence of clear institutional authority that can mandate electric vehicle sales and make the necessary infrastructure upgrades (e.g. charging stations) to support electric vehicles.","{'text': 'absence of clear institutional authority to mandate/facilitate the uptake of electric vehicles', 'answer_start': 29}",en-US,What institutional reform activities are planned?
3167,CRI,Costa Rica,1st NDC,P_Institute,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20Costa%20Rica%20Version%202%200%20final%20ENG.pdf,"In summary, the National Contribution will be implemented by the following entities: 1. Inter-Ministerial Council for Climate Change, which will allow to discuss, define, and follow up on climate change policies. 2. Ad-Hoc Operational Coordination Mechanism such as: Joint Commissions (agriculture and forestry, transportation and energy), which will coordinate the inter-sectorial implementation agendas under the National Climate Change Strategy. 3. MINAE’s Climate Change Department, in charge of coordinating the implementation of the National Climate Change Strategy and supervising the definition of technical standards, closely coordinated with other sectorial directions and institutions related to MINAE (Energy Department, National Meteorological Institute, National Forestry Finance Fund, National Conservation Areas System, National Forestry Administration, among others). 4.","{'text': 'Ad-Hoc Operational Coordination Mechanism such as: Joint Commissions (agriculture and forestry, transportation and energy), which will coordinate the inter-sectorial implementation agendas under the National Climate Change Strategy.', 'answer_start': 32}",en-US,What institutional reform activities are planned?
3168,MEX,Mexico,LTS,P_Institute,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. • To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. • To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. • To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. • To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.","{'text': 'To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency', 'answer_start': 93}",fr-FR,What institutional reform activities are planned?
3169,MEX,Mexico,LTS,P_Institute,,,https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf,"• To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. • To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. • To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. • To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.","{'text': 'To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency', 'answer_start': 1}",fr-FR,What institutional reform activities are planned?
3170,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"New requirements are mainly covered by Article 13, which establishes a new Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) through which Parties must regularly account for their NDCs alongside other reporting requirements similar to those contained in National Communications (NCs), BURs and the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA). Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 98}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3171,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Human Settlement 16 High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading 17 Storm water management Health 18 Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Transport 19 Improved transport infrastructure and services Mining 20 Climate compatible mining Cross Sectional 21 Disaster risk monitoring 22 Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans 23 Capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation 24 Access to finance06 GREEN RWANDA Rwanda has developed an MRV framework consistent with these requirements that will allow the government to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2030. This takes the form of a framework of indicators for each of the key emitting sectors, which can be used for international reporting as well as for domestic tracking of NDC implementation.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 53}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3172,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 1121}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3173,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 841}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3174,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 841}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3175,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 318}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3176,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda’s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.","{'text': 'disaster response plans', 'answer_start': 296}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3177,ARE,United Arab Emirates,2nd NDC,R_Emergency,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UAE%20Second%20NDC%20-%20UNFCCC%20Submission%20-%20English%20-%20FINAL.pdf,"Fog detection and warning systems are in use, and efforts are being made to incorporate climate-induced hazards in road safety plans. Even while the UAE climate proofs its infrastructure and communities, relevant contingency and disaster response plans are being put in place to ensure preparedness for emergencies and to maintain continued access to infrastructure services. 3.3. Public Health The effects of climate change on human health occur in varying degrees of scale and complexity – either with direct exposure to extreme weather events or indirectly through climate change’s impact on air quality and water supply.","{'text': 'Even while the UAE climate proofs its infrastructure and communities, relevant contingency and disaster response plans are being put in place to ensure preparedness for emergencies and to maintain continued access to infrastructure services.', 'answer_start': 21}",en-US,What education and training activities can be pursued to adapt to climate change?
3178,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Together we will build a green Rwanda and protect the planet. Dr. Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU ‘Business as usual’ BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda’s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 301}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3179,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Dr. Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU ‘Business as usual’ BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda’s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda’s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030. The contributions described in this submission build upon Rwanda’s existing NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets, and the prioritization of interventions to support these two areas.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 290}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3180,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Reduced reliance on imported energy supply. Table 5.3 Mitigation measures: EnergyTransport Vehicle emissions standards Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives and scrappage of older vehicles, and inspection. Reduction of GHG and local emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MININFRA, MINICOM (RTDA, REMA) Incremental vehicle costs and scheme administration est. 190 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants from conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles, enhancing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Efficient lighting in buildings Further dissemination of CFL and LED lamps in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Supported by government subsidies and VAT exemptions on energy saving lamps. Reduction of grid-based GHG emisisons. MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost).","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 49}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3181,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 59}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3182,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est. up to 900 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Off-grid and rooftop solar electrification Penetration of off-grid solar and rooftop solar PV panels consistent with the ESSP targets of around 1,500,000 households to be electrified through, equivalent to 250,000 connections per year. Displacement of grid power and diesel consumption and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (REG, EDCL, EUCL) 600 million USD Reduced dependence on imported energy and increased resilience and energy security of buildings, households and companies. Solar water heater (SWH) programme Installation of solar thermal water heaters within urban residential buildings supported by use of loans and grants to subsidise purchase costs, as part of the National Green Building Code minium compliance system. MININFRA (RHA, EDCL) SWH costs est.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 2}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3183,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 992}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3184,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 712}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3185,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 712}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3186,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"and methods & procedures: to compile NDC MRV results. • Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making • Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover].","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 89}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3187,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making • Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area.","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3188,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"• Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making • Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.)","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 80}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3189,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC).","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 142}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3190,RWA,Rwanda,Updated NDC,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf,"Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC MINISANTE Change of malaria hazards; RBC MINAGRI, MINALOC, MINEMA, Meteo Rwanda, civil society MINECOFIN Specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management (SDG 13.B.1).","{'text': 'RTDA', 'answer_start': 60}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3191,TON,Tonga,LTS,G_Report,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf,"The main actors in the maritime sector in Tonga are the Marine and Ports Division (MPD) of the MOI, Ports Authority Tonga (PAT), Ministry of Education, Tonga Maritime Polytechnic Institute (TMPI) and a number of private sector actors. The MPD is responsible for oversight of the maritime sector (policy, regulation of domestic shipping, ship registry operation, port and flag state control, auditing of PAT and TMPI). MPD also manages and operates six domestic ports (World Bank, 2015). The MOI also collects data on domestic shipping, including the number of ferries, the number of passengers, and the volume of cargo delivered to various wharves (GoT and UNCTCN, 2018). PAT is responsible for the management and operations of Nuku’alofa Port. It is a government-owned enterprise overseen by the Ministry of Public Enterprises.","{'text': 'The MOI also collects data on domestic shipping, including the number of ferries, the number of passengers, and the volume of cargo delivered to various wharves (GoT and UNCTCN, 2018).', 'answer_start': 77}",en-US,"What reporting, transparency and feedback mechanism are in place for transport activities?"
3192,ZAF,South Africa,LTS,M_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf,"Investments in city and transport infrastructure are also built with the expectation they should last for over 30 years. This means that the investments made today and during the current NDC period will determine much of the activity, and associated emissions, of 2050. Creating a LEDS which aligns with the Paris Agreement thus requires new planning approaches and tools. Clear, ambitious long-term targets must be set, consistent with the Paris goals. From these, policy makers must establish what are the medium and short-term requirements needed to ensure the achievement of the long-term goals, to inform actions taken on a much shorter timeframe so they can help rather than hinder success and avoid long- term lock-in to emissions intensive options.","{'text': 'Investments in city and transport infrastructure are also built with the expectation they should last for over 30 years. This means that the investments made today and during the current NDC period will determine much of the activity, and associated emissions, of 2050.', 'answer_start': 0}",en-US,What is the allocated budget?
3193,TZA,United Republic of Tanzania,Updated NDC,M_Other,,,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/TANZANIA_NDC_SUBMISSION_30%20JULY%202021.pdf,"These funds are attractive for developing countries because, unlike traditional private finance, the investors may accept lowerTanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 25 returns as a trade-off for delivering a social impact. Foundations and NGOs even provide, albeit in smaller amounts, grant funding without any expectations of returns on the investment. Some of these organizations have been instrumental in involving private-sector companies in pilot projects related to climate change. 6. NDC MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION This NDC estimates a total budget of USD 19,232,170,000 for its implementation. However, Tanzania’s effective capacity to undertake strong adaptation and mitigation actions requires resources beyond domestic resources, thus NDC implementation depends largely on support from the international community.","{'text': 'NDC estimates a total budget of USD 19,232,170,000 for its implementation', 'answer_start': 73}",en-US,What is the allocated budget?