bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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It was formally opened by Rhodri Morgan AM , the former First Minister of Wales , on 9 June 2006 .	It was opened on June 9 , 2006 by Rhodri Morgan .	[]
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas 'ud ibn Agha ( ; / ALA-LC : " Muh ̣ ammad ‘ Ali ̄ Ba ̄ sha ̄ " ; Albanian : Mehmet Ali Pasha ; Turkish : Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pas ̧ a ; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849 ) was the Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848 .	Muhammad Ali Pasha ( 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849 ) was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army .	[]
Though not a modern nationalist , he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt .	Though not a modern nationalist , he was the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms he made to the army , economy , and culture of Egypt .	[]
At the height of his rule , he controlled Lower Egypt , Upper Egypt , Sudan and , briefly , parts of Arabia and the Levant .	He also ruled some Levantine territories outside Egypt .	[]
The dynasty he established would rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952 .	The dynasty he established ruled Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 .	[]
Muhammad Ali 's goal was for Egypt to leave the Ottoman Empire and be ruled by his own hereditary dynasty .	Muhammad Ali ’ s goal was to establish a powerful , European-style state .	[]
Though Muhammad Ali 's chief aim was to establish a European-style military , and carve out a personal empire , he waged war initially on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan , Mahmud II , in Arabia and Greece , although he later came into open conflict with the Ottoman Empire .	At the start , Muhammad Ali waged war on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan , Mahmud II , in Arabia and Greece . <SEP> Later , he came into open conflict with the Ottoman Empire .	[]
The intervals it contains are tone , tone , tone , tone , tone , tone – it has two transpositions and one mode .	For example : the whole tone scale , which rises by a whole tone each time , has two transpositions .	[]
Messiaen 's " first mode " , also called the whole-tone scale , is divided into six groups of two notes each .	Messiaen called it the " first mode " of transposition . <SEP> Messiaen ’ s " second mode " , also called the “ octatonic scale ” , rises by alternating semitone , tone , semitone , tone etc .	[]
Messiaen found ways of employing all of the modes of limited transposition harmonically , melodically , and sometimes polyphonically .	Messiaen used this scale a great deal , not just in his tunes but in the chords that he used ( i.e. melodically and harmonically ) . <SEP> Messiaen liked these modes because there is no note which sounds like the starting note .	[]
The " second mode " , also called octatonic / diminished / semitone-tone / tone-semitone , may be divided into four groups of three notes each .	The " third mode " rises by a pattern of tone , semitone , semitone .	[]
It contains the intervals tone , semitone , semitone , tone , semitone , semitone , tone , semitone , semitone – it has four transpositions , like the augmented triad , and three modes .	It has four transpositions .	[]
The " sixth mode " has the intervals tone , tone , semitone , semitone , tone , tone , semitone , semitone – it has six transpositions , like the tritone , and four modes .	The other four modes each have a total of six transpositions .	[]
It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a thin strip of sand called the Langue de Barbarie before it pours into the ocean itself .	There is a thin line of sand and this separates the river from the Atlantic Ocean . <SEP> The line of sand is called the Langue de Barbarie .	[]
The river has two large dams along its course , the multi-purpose Manantali Dam in Mali and the Maka-Diama Dam downstream on the Mauritania-Senegal border , near the outlet to the sea , preventing access of salt water upstream .	The river has two large dams : the Manantali Dam in Mali , and the Maka-Diama Dam on the Mauritania-Senegal border , near the sea .	[]
She was first elected as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ashfield in 2010 .	She has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ashfield since 2010 .	[]
Before becoming a politician , she was previously known for her work on GMTV .	She was last known for her work on " GMTV " .	[]
In 2015 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Young People and Voter Registration , but resigned the position on 26 June 2016 .	In 2015 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Young People and Voter Registration .	[]
She resigned her shadow cabinet position on 26 June 2016 , among dozens of her colleagues , believing Corbyn could not lead the party to a general election victory .	She resigned that position on 26 June 2016 .	[]
The Three Laws of Robotics ( often shortened to The Three Laws or known as Asimov 's Laws ) are a set of rules devised by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov .	The Three Laws of Robotics are three rules which Isaac Asimov thought would be programmed into robots .	[]
The rules were introduced in his 1942 short story " Runaround " ( included in the 1950 collection " I , Robot " ) , although they had been foreshadowed in a few earlier stories .	The first mention of the laws is in Asimov 's short story " Runaround " ( written in 1942 ) .	[]
Asimov once added a " Zeroth Law " — so named to continue the pattern where lower-numbered laws supersede the higher-numbered laws — stating that a robot must not harm humanity .	Later , Asimov added the Zeroth Law : " A robot may not harm humanity , or , by inaction , allow humanity to come to harm " ; the rest of the laws are modified sequentially to acknowledge this .	[]
Through this movement millions of dollars were raised to build new institutions to house the mentally ill .	When people became aware of the wrongdoing in mental asylums , money was raised to improve the treatment of patients and the asylums .	[]
By 1939 there were over 400,000 patients in state mental hospitals in the USA .	By 1940 there were more than 400,000 patients living in mental asylums .	[]
These hospitals while better than the asylums of the past were still lacking in the means of effective treatment for the patients , and even though the reform movement had occurred ; patients were often still met with cruel and inhumane treatment .	Most treatments were still cruel to patients and were not effective .	[]
Things began to change in the year 1946 when Mary Jane Ward published the influential book titled “ The Snake Pit ” which was made into a popular movie of the same name .	Mary Jane Ward wrote a book in 1946 called " The Snake Pit " that raised awareness of the inhumane treatment of mental patients .	[]
Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder .	Abnormal psychology is a part of psychology . <SEP> People who study abnormal psychology are psychologists .	[]
Historically , there have been three main approaches to abnormal behavior : the supernatural , biological , and psychological traditions .	These were supernatural , biological , and psychological explanations .	[]
Hippocrates viewed the brain as the seat of consciousness , emotion , intelligence , and wisdom and believed that disorders involving these functions would logically be located in the brain .	Hippocrates believed that there were natural causes for the disorders and appropriate treatments could be found .	[]
Psychoanalytic theory is heavily based on the theory of the neurologist Sigmund Freud .	Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy based on psychoanalytic theory . <SEP> Many ideas found in the Psychoanalytic theory can be traced back to the famous psychologist Sigmund Freud .	[]
While psychoanalysis has fallen out of favor to more modern forms of therapy it is still used by some clinical psychologists to varying degrees .	Because of the lack of scientific evidence supporting most Freudian ideas , psychoanalysis is rarely used by clinical psychologists and has been replaced by more effective forms of therapy .	[]
Behaviorism states that all behaviors humans do is because of a stimulus and reinforcement .	Behavior therapy is based on the theory of behaviorism , which states that all human behavior is a result of a stimulus and reinforcement .	[]
Behaviorism arose in the early 20th century due to the work of psychologists such as James Watson and B. F. Skinner .	Famous behaviorists include James Watson , B.F. Skinner , and Joseph Wolpe .	[]
The goal of the therapy is to reinforce less maladaptive behaviors so that with time these adaptive behaviors will become the primary ones in the patient .	The goal of this therapy is to increase one 's positive or socially reinforcing behavior .	[]
The London Underground 1967 Stock was a type of deep-level tube stock which operated on the Victoria line of the London Underground from when the line first opened on 1 September 1968 until 30 June 2011 .	The London Underground 1967 Stock was a deep-level tube stock that ran on the Victoria line from 1968 to 2011 .	[]
A total of 316 cars ( 39.5 train sets ) were built by Metro-Cammell , and the stock was refurbished at Rosyth .	The stock was built by Metro-Cammell . <SEP> They were built by Metro-Cammell .	[]
Each complete train consisted of two four-car units coupled together .	Each train is made up of two 4-car units that are joined together .	[]
Some of the stock was also used on the Central line between Woodford and Hainault between 21 February 1968 and 1984 , as the same automatic train operation ( ATO ) system was used on both lines .	The trains had Automatic Train Operation ( ATO ) .	[]
Being ATO equipped , the train operator started the train by simultaneously pressing two buttons in the cab to start the automatic process .	The train operator controls when the doors open and close and also starts the train by pressing two buttons at the same time . <SEP> These buttons start the automatic process of driving the train .	[]
The trains were the first London Underground rolling stock to be built with wrap-around windows in the driving cabs .	The trains were built with wrap-around windows in the driving cabs and were the first London Underground trains to have windows like this .	[]
The design consortium is an international team comprising Australian architects the Cox Architecture and engineers Arup , and Singapore based Architects 61 .	The team who designed the bridge included Australian and Singaporean architects .	[]
At night , the bridge will be illuminated by a series of lights that highlight the double-helix structure , thereby creating a special visual experience for the visitors .	This can be seen best at night , when the bridge is lit up by a series of lights that show the double helix structure .	[]
Pairs of coloured letters c and g , as well as a and t on the bridge which are lit up at night in red and green represent cytosine , guanine , adenine and thymine , the four bases of DNA .	Pairs of coloured letters ( " c " and " g " , as well as " a " and " t " ) on the bridge which are lit up in red and green . <SEP> They represent cytosine , guanine , adenine and thymine , the four bases of DNA .	[]
The bridge has four viewing platforms sited at strategic locations which provide stunning views of the Singapore skyline and events taking place within Marina Bay .	The bridge has four viewing platforms that give views over the Singapore skyline and events happening within Marina Bay .	[]
In electronics , an analog-to-digital converter ( ADC , A / D , or A-to-D ) is a system that converts an analog signal , such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera , into a digital signal .	An analog-to-digital converter ( abbreviated ADC , A / D or A to D ) is an electronic integrated circuit that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital number .	[]
An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number representing the magnitude of the voltage or current .	An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement . <SEP> Typically , an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number .	[]
A digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) performs the reverse function ; it converts a digital signal into an analog signal .	The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) .	[]
Some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices , such as rotary encoders , can also be considered ADCs .	However , some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices , such as rotary encoders , can also be considered ADCs .	[]
Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye , and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor ( cancer ) .	Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye .	[]
Eye cancers can be primary ( starts within the eye ) or metastatic cancer ( spread to the eye from another organ ) .	Eye cancers might start in the eye and it can metastatic cancer ( spread to the eye from another organ ) .	[]
Walter David Jacobson ( born July 28 , 1937 ) is a former Chicago television news personality and a current Chicago radio news personality .	Walter David Jacobson ( born July 28 , 1937 ) is an American , historian , and television personality . <SEP> Jacobson was born in Chicago , Illinois on July 28 , 1937 .	[]
From 1993 until 2006 , he was principal anchor on WFLD-TV 's " FOX News at 9 " and the host of " FOX Chicago Perspective " , a one-hour news and political show that aired Sunday mornings on WFLD .	He was the anchor of WFLD news until his retirement in 2006 .	[]
Jacobson attended New Trier High School ( Class of 1955 ) , received his bachelor 's degree in political science from Grinnell College in 1959 and his master 's degree in journalism from Columbia University in New York .	He attended New Trier High School and Grinnell College .	[]
He wed his college sweetheart , Lynn Straus , in 1960 .	He was married to Lynn Straus from 1960 until they divorced in the 1970s .	[]
In March 1995 , Jacobson married advertising executive Susan G. " Susie " Jacobson .	He has been married to Susan Jacobson since 1995 .	[]
Warner Robins is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia , located in Houston County in the central part of the state .	Warner Robins is a city in central Georgia .	[]
It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins ( 1882-1940 ) of the United States Army Air Corps , which later became the United States Air Force .	It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins of the U.S. Air Force .	[]
It was incorporated as a town in 1943 and as a city in 1956 .	It was incorporated as a town in 1943 . <SEP> It became a city in 1956 .	[]
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( ] ; ne ́ e Nehru ; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984 ) was an Indian politician , stateswoman and a central figure of the Indian National Congress .	Indira Gandhi ( 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984 ) was an Indian politician .	[]
She served as Prime Minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984 , making her the second longest-serving Indian Prime Minister , after her father .	She was Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984 . <SEP> She served the first time between 1966 and 1977 and the second time between 1980 and 1984 .	[]
Her father , Jawaharlal Nehru , was a leading figure in India 's political struggle for independence from British rule , and became the first Prime Minister of the Dominion ( and later Republic ) of India .	Her son , Rajiv Gandhi , later became Prime Minister of India .	[]
In January 1966 , after Shastri 's death , the Congress legislative party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai as their leader .	After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 , Indira Gandhi served as prime minister until India held the next election .	[]
Stibine ( IUPAC name : stibane ) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH .	Stibine , also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide , is a chemical compound . <SEP> Its chemical formula is SbH .	[]
It is highly toxic , with an LC50 of 100 ppm in mice .	It is very toxic .	[]
This gas has an offensive smell like hydrogen sulfide ( rotten eggs ) .	It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide .	[]
Moffo returned to America for her debut there , as Mimi ̀ in " La bohe ̀ me " next to Jussi Bjo ̈ rling 's Rodolfo , at the Lyric Opera of Chicago on October 16 , 1957 .	She made her American debut at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1957 , as Mimi in " La bohe ̀ me " , opposite the great Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling .	[]
Her Metropolitan Opera debut took place on November 14 , 1959 , as Violetta in " La traviata " , a part that would quickly become her signature role .	Her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York took place on November 14 , 1959 , as Violetta in " La traviata " , a part that quickly became her signature role .	[]
She performed at The Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons in roles such as Lucia , Gilda , Adina , Mimi ̀ , Liu ̀ , Nedda , Pamina , Marguerite , Juliette , Manon , Me ́ lisande , Pe ́ richole , and the four heroines of " Les contes d 'Hoffmann " .	She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons to great acclaim in roles such as Lucia ( " Lucia di Lammermoor " ) , Gilda ( " Rigoletto " ) , Mimi ( " La bohe ̀ me " ) , Marguerite ( " Faust " ) , Juliet ( " Romeo and Juliet " ) , Manon ( " Manon " ) , the four heroines in " Les contes d 'Hoffmann " , etc .	[]
During that period she also made several appearances on American television , while enjoying a successful international career singing at most major opera houses around the world ( Stockholm , Berlin , Monte Carlo , Mexico City , Buenos Aires , etc . ) .	She also sang in San Francisco , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , etc . , while making several appearances on American television . <SEP> She pursued a successful international career as well , singing in Monte Carlo , London , Berlin , Stockholm , Mexico City , Buenos Aires , etc .	[]
Moffo remained particularly popular in Italy and performed there regularly .	She remained very popular in Italy and performed there often and hosted her own television program " The Anna Moffo Show " from 1960 to 1973 .	[]
She appeared in film versions of " La traviata " ( 1968 ) and " Lucia di Lammermoor " ( 1971 ) , both produced ( with the Italian TV director Sandro Bolchi ) and directed by her first husband Mario Lanfranchi , as well as non-operatic films , including " Menage all 'italiana " ( 1965 ) , the then controversial " Una storia d 'amore " ( 1969 ) , " The Adventurers " ( 1970 ) , " A Girl Called Jules " ( 1970 ) , and " The Weekend Murders " ( 1970 ) .	She also appeared in movie versions of opera such as " La traviata " ( 1968 ) and " Lucia di Lammermoor " ( 1971 ) , directed by her husband Mario Lanfranchi , as well as a few non-operatic movies .	[]
By the early 1970s , Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J.B.s with records such as " Get Up ( I Feel Like Being a ) Sex Machine " and " The Payback " .	Brown 's most well known song is " Get Up ( I Feel Like Being a ) Sex Machine " .	[]
On Christmas Day , 2006 , Brown died at approximately 1:45 am EST ( 06:45 UTC ) , at age 73 , from congestive heart failure , resulting from complications of pneumonia .	In 2006 , Brown died of pneumonia and heart disease in Atlanta .	[]
After Brown 's death , his relatives , a host of celebrities , and thousands of fans gathered , on December 28 , 2006 , for a public memorial service at the Apollo Theater in New York City and , on December 30 , 2006 , at the James Brown Arena in Augusta , Georgia .	There was a public memorial service at Apollo Theater .	[]
Keith Farnham ( September 22 , 1947 – June 18 , 2017 ) was a Democratic former member of the Illinois House of Representatives who resigned from office and pleaded guilty to distributing child pornography in 2014 .	Keith Farnham ( September 22 , 1947 – June 18 , 2017 ) was an American Democratic politician . <SEP> He resigned after being found guilty for selling child pornography .	[]
Farnham was in the Illinois House from January 2009 to March 2014 .	He used to be in the Illinois House of Representatives from January 6 , 2009 until he resigned in March 18 , 2014 .	[]
In November 2008 , He defeated two-term Republican Ruth Munson in the heavily Republican 43rd representative district of the Illinois House of Representatives , winning by 322 votes .	In November 2008 , He defeated two-term Republican Ruth Munson in the heavily-Republican 43rd representative district of the Illinois House of Representatives , winning by 322 votes .	[]
Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) is an American actress and model .	Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) , known as Elle Fanning , is an American actress .	[]
Fanning is the younger sister of Dakota Fanning , who is also an actress and model .	She is the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning . <SEP> Fanning is the younger sister of Dakota Fanning , who is also an actress .	[]
In 2011 , Fanning starred in J. J. Abrams ' science-fiction drama film " Super 8 " as Alice Dainard .	In 2011 , Fanning starred as Alice Dainard in J. J. Abrams ' sci-fi-drama blockbuster , " Super 8 " .	[]
E ́ cole Centrale de Lille was founded as E ́ cole des arts industriels et des mines de Lille in 1854 , the same year when Louis Pasteur became the dean of " Faculte ́ des sciences de Lille " and pioneered applied research with industry cooperations , with support of scientists such as Charles Fre ́ de ́ ric Kuhlmann .	E ́ cole Centrale de Lille was founded as E ́ cole des arts industriels et des mines de Lille in 1854 , with support from scientists such as Fre ́ de ́ ric Kuhlmann and Louis Pasteur .	[]
In 1872 lectures and research activities in the engineering school were reorganised into a three-year curriculum and developed within its Institut industriel du Nord , with a focus on civil engineering , mechanical engineering , chemistry and manufacturing engineering .	It became a technical university in 1872 with the integration of the Institut industriel du Nord . <SEP> The initial focus was on civil engineering , mechanical engineering , chemistry and manufacturing engineering .	[]
Later came courses and research in computer science , supply chain management , materials science , micro-electronics and telecommunications .	Later came courses and research in computer science ( 1957 ) , supply chain management , materials science , micro-electronics , telecommunications , nanotechnologies ( 1994 ) .	[]
Since early 20th century , student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a classe pre ́ paratoire aux grandes e ́ coles or similar undergraduate studies .	Since early 20th century , student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a French classe pre ́ paratoire aux grandes e ́ coles or similar undergraduate studies .	[]
Unlike the other pieces , pawns can not move backwards .	Pawns move differently than other pieces . <SEP> Unlike all the other pieces , pawns can not move backwards .	[]
Pawns may not use the initial two-square advance to jump over an occupied square , or to capture .	Pawns can not use the first two-square move to jump over a square with another piece on it or to capture .	[]
Any piece immediately in front of a pawn , friend or foe , blocks its advance .	Any piece in front of a pawn , white or black , stops its moving.if a pawn touches the other side it is Exchanged For one of the players pieces that got captured	[]
Unlike other pieces , the pawn does not capture in the same direction that it moves .	Unlike other pieces , the pawn does not capture in the same way as it moves .	[]
A pawn captures diagonally forward one square to the left or right ( see diagram ) .	A pawn captures diagonally , one square forward and to the left or right . <SEP> In the diagram to the left , the white pawn can capture either the black rook or the black knight .	[]
Jan Fischer ( ] ; born 2 January 1951 ) is a Czech politician who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from May 2009 to June 2010 , heading a caretaker government .	Jan Fischer ( born January 2 , 1951 ) is a Czech politician . <SEP> He was Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from May 2009 to June 2010 .	[]
Later he was Minister of Finance from July 2013 to January 2014 in another interim government of Jir ̌ i ́ Rusnok .	Later he was Minister of Finance from July 2013 to January 2014 .	[]
In 2012 , Fischer announced his candidacy for the 2013 presidential election .	In 2013 Fischer ran in the presidential election .	[]
Paola Romano ( born 17 September 1951 ) is an Italian painter and sculptor .	Paola Romano is an Italian painter and sculptor .	[]
Romano was born in Monterotondo , Rome .	She was born on 17 September 1951 in Monterotondo , Rome .	[]
She began her artistic training in Rome , where she attended classes at the " Rome University of Fine Arts " ( RUFA ) .	She began her artistic training in Rome , where he attended classes at the " Rome University of Fine Arts " ( RUFA ) .	[]
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics .	Linezolid is an antibiotic . <SEP> It can heal serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that other antibiotics are do not heal .	[]
Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease , including streptococci , vancomycin-resistant enterococci ( VRE ) , and methicillin-resistant " Staphylococcus aureus " ( MRSA ) .	Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria which cause disease , like streptococci and MRSA .	[]
The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis .	It is mainly used to treat infections of the skin and pneumonia .	[]
When given for short periods , linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic .	It is relatively safe to take linezolid for short periods .	[]
Common side effects with short-term use include headache , diarrhea , rash , and nausea .	Common harmful effects of short-term use include headache , diarrhea , and nausea .	[]

It was formally opened by Rhodri Morgan AM , the former First Minister of Wales , on 9 June 2006 .

It was opened on June 9 , 2006 by Rhodri Morgan .

[]

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas 'ud ibn Agha ( ; / ALA-LC : " Muh ̣ ammad ‘ Ali ̄ Ba ̄ sha ̄ " ; Albanian : Mehmet Ali Pasha ; Turkish : Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pas ̧ a ; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849 ) was the Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848 .

Muhammad Ali Pasha ( 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849 ) was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army .

[]

Though not a modern nationalist , he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt .

Though not a modern nationalist , he was the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms he made to the army , economy , and culture of Egypt .

[]

At the height of his rule , he controlled Lower Egypt , Upper Egypt , Sudan and , briefly , parts of Arabia and the Levant .

He also ruled some Levantine territories outside Egypt .

[]

The dynasty he established would rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952 .

The dynasty he established ruled Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 .

[]

Muhammad Ali 's goal was for Egypt to leave the Ottoman Empire and be ruled by his own hereditary dynasty .

Muhammad Ali ’ s goal was to establish a powerful , European-style state .

[]

Though Muhammad Ali 's chief aim was to establish a European-style military , and carve out a personal empire , he waged war initially on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan , Mahmud II , in Arabia and Greece , although he later came into open conflict with the Ottoman Empire .

At the start , Muhammad Ali waged war on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan , Mahmud II , in Arabia and Greece . <SEP> Later , he came into open conflict with the Ottoman Empire .

[]

The intervals it contains are tone , tone , tone , tone , tone , tone – it has two transpositions and one mode .

For example : the whole tone scale , which rises by a whole tone each time , has two transpositions .

[]

Messiaen 's " first mode " , also called the whole-tone scale , is divided into six groups of two notes each .

Messiaen called it the " first mode " of transposition . <SEP> Messiaen ’ s " second mode " , also called the “ octatonic scale ” , rises by alternating semitone , tone , semitone , tone etc .

[]

Messiaen found ways of employing all of the modes of limited transposition harmonically , melodically , and sometimes polyphonically .

Messiaen used this scale a great deal , not just in his tunes but in the chords that he used ( i.e. melodically and harmonically ) . <SEP> Messiaen liked these modes because there is no note which sounds like the starting note .

[]

The " second mode " , also called octatonic / diminished / semitone-tone / tone-semitone , may be divided into four groups of three notes each .

The " third mode " rises by a pattern of tone , semitone , semitone .

[]

It contains the intervals tone , semitone , semitone , tone , semitone , semitone , tone , semitone , semitone – it has four transpositions , like the augmented triad , and three modes .

It has four transpositions .

[]

The " sixth mode " has the intervals tone , tone , semitone , semitone , tone , tone , semitone , semitone – it has six transpositions , like the tritone , and four modes .

The other four modes each have a total of six transpositions .

[]

It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a thin strip of sand called the Langue de Barbarie before it pours into the ocean itself .

There is a thin line of sand and this separates the river from the Atlantic Ocean . <SEP> The line of sand is called the Langue de Barbarie .

[]

The river has two large dams along its course , the multi-purpose Manantali Dam in Mali and the Maka-Diama Dam downstream on the Mauritania-Senegal border , near the outlet to the sea , preventing access of salt water upstream .

The river has two large dams : the Manantali Dam in Mali , and the Maka-Diama Dam on the Mauritania-Senegal border , near the sea .

[]

She was first elected as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ashfield in 2010 .

She has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ashfield since 2010 .

[]

Before becoming a politician , she was previously known for her work on GMTV .

She was last known for her work on " GMTV " .

[]

In 2015 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Young People and Voter Registration , but resigned the position on 26 June 2016 .

In 2015 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Young People and Voter Registration .

[]

She resigned her shadow cabinet position on 26 June 2016 , among dozens of her colleagues , believing Corbyn could not lead the party to a general election victory .

She resigned that position on 26 June 2016 .

[]

The Three Laws of Robotics ( often shortened to The Three Laws or known as Asimov 's Laws ) are a set of rules devised by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov .

The Three Laws of Robotics are three rules which Isaac Asimov thought would be programmed into robots .

[]

The rules were introduced in his 1942 short story " Runaround " ( included in the 1950 collection " I , Robot " ) , although they had been foreshadowed in a few earlier stories .

The first mention of the laws is in Asimov 's short story " Runaround " ( written in 1942 ) .

[]

Asimov once added a " Zeroth Law " — so named to continue the pattern where lower-numbered laws supersede the higher-numbered laws — stating that a robot must not harm humanity .

Later , Asimov added the Zeroth Law : " A robot may not harm humanity , or , by inaction , allow humanity to come to harm " ; the rest of the laws are modified sequentially to acknowledge this .

[]

Through this movement millions of dollars were raised to build new institutions to house the mentally ill .

When people became aware of the wrongdoing in mental asylums , money was raised to improve the treatment of patients and the asylums .

[]

By 1939 there were over 400,000 patients in state mental hospitals in the USA .

By 1940 there were more than 400,000 patients living in mental asylums .

[]

These hospitals while better than the asylums of the past were still lacking in the means of effective treatment for the patients , and even though the reform movement had occurred ; patients were often still met with cruel and inhumane treatment .

Most treatments were still cruel to patients and were not effective .

[]

Things began to change in the year 1946 when Mary Jane Ward published the influential book titled “ The Snake Pit ” which was made into a popular movie of the same name .

Mary Jane Ward wrote a book in 1946 called " The Snake Pit " that raised awareness of the inhumane treatment of mental patients .

[]

Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder .

Abnormal psychology is a part of psychology . <SEP> People who study abnormal psychology are psychologists .

[]

Historically , there have been three main approaches to abnormal behavior : the supernatural , biological , and psychological traditions .

These were supernatural , biological , and psychological explanations .

[]

Hippocrates viewed the brain as the seat of consciousness , emotion , intelligence , and wisdom and believed that disorders involving these functions would logically be located in the brain .

Hippocrates believed that there were natural causes for the disorders and appropriate treatments could be found .

[]

Psychoanalytic theory is heavily based on the theory of the neurologist Sigmund Freud .

Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy based on psychoanalytic theory . <SEP> Many ideas found in the Psychoanalytic theory can be traced back to the famous psychologist Sigmund Freud .

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While psychoanalysis has fallen out of favor to more modern forms of therapy it is still used by some clinical psychologists to varying degrees .

Because of the lack of scientific evidence supporting most Freudian ideas , psychoanalysis is rarely used by clinical psychologists and has been replaced by more effective forms of therapy .

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Behaviorism states that all behaviors humans do is because of a stimulus and reinforcement .

Behavior therapy is based on the theory of behaviorism , which states that all human behavior is a result of a stimulus and reinforcement .

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Behaviorism arose in the early 20th century due to the work of psychologists such as James Watson and B. F. Skinner .

Famous behaviorists include James Watson , B.F. Skinner , and Joseph Wolpe .

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The goal of the therapy is to reinforce less maladaptive behaviors so that with time these adaptive behaviors will become the primary ones in the patient .

The goal of this therapy is to increase one 's positive or socially reinforcing behavior .

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The London Underground 1967 Stock was a type of deep-level tube stock which operated on the Victoria line of the London Underground from when the line first opened on 1 September 1968 until 30 June 2011 .

The London Underground 1967 Stock was a deep-level tube stock that ran on the Victoria line from 1968 to 2011 .

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A total of 316 cars ( 39.5 train sets ) were built by Metro-Cammell , and the stock was refurbished at Rosyth .

The stock was built by Metro-Cammell . <SEP> They were built by Metro-Cammell .

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Each complete train consisted of two four-car units coupled together .

Each train is made up of two 4-car units that are joined together .

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Some of the stock was also used on the Central line between Woodford and Hainault between 21 February 1968 and 1984 , as the same automatic train operation ( ATO ) system was used on both lines .

The trains had Automatic Train Operation ( ATO ) .

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Being ATO equipped , the train operator started the train by simultaneously pressing two buttons in the cab to start the automatic process .

The train operator controls when the doors open and close and also starts the train by pressing two buttons at the same time . <SEP> These buttons start the automatic process of driving the train .

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The trains were the first London Underground rolling stock to be built with wrap-around windows in the driving cabs .

The trains were built with wrap-around windows in the driving cabs and were the first London Underground trains to have windows like this .

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The design consortium is an international team comprising Australian architects the Cox Architecture and engineers Arup , and Singapore based Architects 61 .

The team who designed the bridge included Australian and Singaporean architects .

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At night , the bridge will be illuminated by a series of lights that highlight the double-helix structure , thereby creating a special visual experience for the visitors .

This can be seen best at night , when the bridge is lit up by a series of lights that show the double helix structure .

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Pairs of coloured letters c and g , as well as a and t on the bridge which are lit up at night in red and green represent cytosine , guanine , adenine and thymine , the four bases of DNA .

Pairs of coloured letters ( " c " and " g " , as well as " a " and " t " ) on the bridge which are lit up in red and green . <SEP> They represent cytosine , guanine , adenine and thymine , the four bases of DNA .

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The bridge has four viewing platforms sited at strategic locations which provide stunning views of the Singapore skyline and events taking place within Marina Bay .

The bridge has four viewing platforms that give views over the Singapore skyline and events happening within Marina Bay .

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In electronics , an analog-to-digital converter ( ADC , A / D , or A-to-D ) is a system that converts an analog signal , such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera , into a digital signal .

An analog-to-digital converter ( abbreviated ADC , A / D or A to D ) is an electronic integrated circuit that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital number .

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An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number representing the magnitude of the voltage or current .

An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement . <SEP> Typically , an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number .

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A digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) performs the reverse function ; it converts a digital signal into an analog signal .

The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) .

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Some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices , such as rotary encoders , can also be considered ADCs .

However , some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices , such as rotary encoders , can also be considered ADCs .

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Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye , and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor ( cancer ) .

Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye .

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Eye cancers can be primary ( starts within the eye ) or metastatic cancer ( spread to the eye from another organ ) .

Eye cancers might start in the eye and it can metastatic cancer ( spread to the eye from another organ ) .

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Walter David Jacobson ( born July 28 , 1937 ) is a former Chicago television news personality and a current Chicago radio news personality .

Walter David Jacobson ( born July 28 , 1937 ) is an American , historian , and television personality . <SEP> Jacobson was born in Chicago , Illinois on July 28 , 1937 .

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From 1993 until 2006 , he was principal anchor on WFLD-TV 's " FOX News at 9 " and the host of " FOX Chicago Perspective " , a one-hour news and political show that aired Sunday mornings on WFLD .

He was the anchor of WFLD news until his retirement in 2006 .

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Jacobson attended New Trier High School ( Class of 1955 ) , received his bachelor 's degree in political science from Grinnell College in 1959 and his master 's degree in journalism from Columbia University in New York .

He attended New Trier High School and Grinnell College .

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He wed his college sweetheart , Lynn Straus , in 1960 .

He was married to Lynn Straus from 1960 until they divorced in the 1970s .

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In March 1995 , Jacobson married advertising executive Susan G. " Susie " Jacobson .

He has been married to Susan Jacobson since 1995 .

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Warner Robins is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia , located in Houston County in the central part of the state .

Warner Robins is a city in central Georgia .

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It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins ( 1882-1940 ) of the United States Army Air Corps , which later became the United States Air Force .

It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins of the U.S. Air Force .

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It was incorporated as a town in 1943 and as a city in 1956 .

It was incorporated as a town in 1943 . <SEP> It became a city in 1956 .

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Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( ] ; ne ́ e Nehru ; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984 ) was an Indian politician , stateswoman and a central figure of the Indian National Congress .

Indira Gandhi ( 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984 ) was an Indian politician .

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She served as Prime Minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984 , making her the second longest-serving Indian Prime Minister , after her father .

She was Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984 . <SEP> She served the first time between 1966 and 1977 and the second time between 1980 and 1984 .

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Her father , Jawaharlal Nehru , was a leading figure in India 's political struggle for independence from British rule , and became the first Prime Minister of the Dominion ( and later Republic ) of India .

Her son , Rajiv Gandhi , later became Prime Minister of India .

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In January 1966 , after Shastri 's death , the Congress legislative party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai as their leader .

After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 , Indira Gandhi served as prime minister until India held the next election .

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Stibine ( IUPAC name : stibane ) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH .

Stibine , also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide , is a chemical compound . <SEP> Its chemical formula is SbH .

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It is highly toxic , with an LC50 of 100 ppm in mice .

It is very toxic .

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This gas has an offensive smell like hydrogen sulfide ( rotten eggs ) .

It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide .

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Moffo returned to America for her debut there , as Mimi ̀ in " La bohe ̀ me " next to Jussi Bjo ̈ rling 's Rodolfo , at the Lyric Opera of Chicago on October 16 , 1957 .

She made her American debut at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1957 , as Mimi in " La bohe ̀ me " , opposite the great Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling .

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Her Metropolitan Opera debut took place on November 14 , 1959 , as Violetta in " La traviata " , a part that would quickly become her signature role .

Her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York took place on November 14 , 1959 , as Violetta in " La traviata " , a part that quickly became her signature role .

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She performed at The Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons in roles such as Lucia , Gilda , Adina , Mimi ̀ , Liu ̀ , Nedda , Pamina , Marguerite , Juliette , Manon , Me ́ lisande , Pe ́ richole , and the four heroines of " Les contes d 'Hoffmann " .

She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons to great acclaim in roles such as Lucia ( " Lucia di Lammermoor " ) , Gilda ( " Rigoletto " ) , Mimi ( " La bohe ̀ me " ) , Marguerite ( " Faust " ) , Juliet ( " Romeo and Juliet " ) , Manon ( " Manon " ) , the four heroines in " Les contes d 'Hoffmann " , etc .

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During that period she also made several appearances on American television , while enjoying a successful international career singing at most major opera houses around the world ( Stockholm , Berlin , Monte Carlo , Mexico City , Buenos Aires , etc . ) .

She also sang in San Francisco , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , etc . , while making several appearances on American television . <SEP> She pursued a successful international career as well , singing in Monte Carlo , London , Berlin , Stockholm , Mexico City , Buenos Aires , etc .

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Moffo remained particularly popular in Italy and performed there regularly .

She remained very popular in Italy and performed there often and hosted her own television program " The Anna Moffo Show " from 1960 to 1973 .

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She appeared in film versions of " La traviata " ( 1968 ) and " Lucia di Lammermoor " ( 1971 ) , both produced ( with the Italian TV director Sandro Bolchi ) and directed by her first husband Mario Lanfranchi , as well as non-operatic films , including " Menage all 'italiana " ( 1965 ) , the then controversial " Una storia d 'amore " ( 1969 ) , " The Adventurers " ( 1970 ) , " A Girl Called Jules " ( 1970 ) , and " The Weekend Murders " ( 1970 ) .

She also appeared in movie versions of opera such as " La traviata " ( 1968 ) and " Lucia di Lammermoor " ( 1971 ) , directed by her husband Mario Lanfranchi , as well as a few non-operatic movies .

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By the early 1970s , Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J.B.s with records such as " Get Up ( I Feel Like Being a ) Sex Machine " and " The Payback " .

Brown 's most well known song is " Get Up ( I Feel Like Being a ) Sex Machine " .

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On Christmas Day , 2006 , Brown died at approximately 1:45 am EST ( 06:45 UTC ) , at age 73 , from congestive heart failure , resulting from complications of pneumonia .

In 2006 , Brown died of pneumonia and heart disease in Atlanta .

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After Brown 's death , his relatives , a host of celebrities , and thousands of fans gathered , on December 28 , 2006 , for a public memorial service at the Apollo Theater in New York City and , on December 30 , 2006 , at the James Brown Arena in Augusta , Georgia .

There was a public memorial service at Apollo Theater .

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Keith Farnham ( September 22 , 1947 – June 18 , 2017 ) was a Democratic former member of the Illinois House of Representatives who resigned from office and pleaded guilty to distributing child pornography in 2014 .

Keith Farnham ( September 22 , 1947 – June 18 , 2017 ) was an American Democratic politician . <SEP> He resigned after being found guilty for selling child pornography .

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Farnham was in the Illinois House from January 2009 to March 2014 .

He used to be in the Illinois House of Representatives from January 6 , 2009 until he resigned in March 18 , 2014 .

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In November 2008 , He defeated two-term Republican Ruth Munson in the heavily Republican 43rd representative district of the Illinois House of Representatives , winning by 322 votes .

In November 2008 , He defeated two-term Republican Ruth Munson in the heavily-Republican 43rd representative district of the Illinois House of Representatives , winning by 322 votes .

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Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) is an American actress and model .

Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) , known as Elle Fanning , is an American actress .

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Fanning is the younger sister of Dakota Fanning , who is also an actress and model .

She is the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning . <SEP> Fanning is the younger sister of Dakota Fanning , who is also an actress .

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In 2011 , Fanning starred in J. J. Abrams ' science-fiction drama film " Super 8 " as Alice Dainard .

In 2011 , Fanning starred as Alice Dainard in J. J. Abrams ' sci-fi-drama blockbuster , " Super 8 " .

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E ́ cole Centrale de Lille was founded as E ́ cole des arts industriels et des mines de Lille in 1854 , the same year when Louis Pasteur became the dean of " Faculte ́ des sciences de Lille " and pioneered applied research with industry cooperations , with support of scientists such as Charles Fre ́ de ́ ric Kuhlmann .

E ́ cole Centrale de Lille was founded as E ́ cole des arts industriels et des mines de Lille in 1854 , with support from scientists such as Fre ́ de ́ ric Kuhlmann and Louis Pasteur .

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In 1872 lectures and research activities in the engineering school were reorganised into a three-year curriculum and developed within its Institut industriel du Nord , with a focus on civil engineering , mechanical engineering , chemistry and manufacturing engineering .

It became a technical university in 1872 with the integration of the Institut industriel du Nord . <SEP> The initial focus was on civil engineering , mechanical engineering , chemistry and manufacturing engineering .

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Later came courses and research in computer science , supply chain management , materials science , micro-electronics and telecommunications .

Later came courses and research in computer science ( 1957 ) , supply chain management , materials science , micro-electronics , telecommunications , nanotechnologies ( 1994 ) .

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Since early 20th century , student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a classe pre ́ paratoire aux grandes e ́ coles or similar undergraduate studies .

Since early 20th century , student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a French classe pre ́ paratoire aux grandes e ́ coles or similar undergraduate studies .

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Unlike the other pieces , pawns can not move backwards .

Pawns move differently than other pieces . <SEP> Unlike all the other pieces , pawns can not move backwards .

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Pawns may not use the initial two-square advance to jump over an occupied square , or to capture .

Pawns can not use the first two-square move to jump over a square with another piece on it or to capture .

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Any piece immediately in front of a pawn , friend or foe , blocks its advance .

Any piece in front of a pawn , white or black , stops its moving.if a pawn touches the other side it is Exchanged For one of the players pieces that got captured

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Unlike other pieces , the pawn does not capture in the same direction that it moves .

Unlike other pieces , the pawn does not capture in the same way as it moves .

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A pawn captures diagonally forward one square to the left or right ( see diagram ) .

A pawn captures diagonally , one square forward and to the left or right . <SEP> In the diagram to the left , the white pawn can capture either the black rook or the black knight .

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Jan Fischer ( ] ; born 2 January 1951 ) is a Czech politician who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from May 2009 to June 2010 , heading a caretaker government .

Jan Fischer ( born January 2 , 1951 ) is a Czech politician . <SEP> He was Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from May 2009 to June 2010 .

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Later he was Minister of Finance from July 2013 to January 2014 in another interim government of Jir ̌ i ́ Rusnok .

Later he was Minister of Finance from July 2013 to January 2014 .

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In 2012 , Fischer announced his candidacy for the 2013 presidential election .

In 2013 Fischer ran in the presidential election .

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Paola Romano ( born 17 September 1951 ) is an Italian painter and sculptor .

Paola Romano is an Italian painter and sculptor .

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Romano was born in Monterotondo , Rome .

She was born on 17 September 1951 in Monterotondo , Rome .

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She began her artistic training in Rome , where she attended classes at the " Rome University of Fine Arts " ( RUFA ) .

She began her artistic training in Rome , where he attended classes at the " Rome University of Fine Arts " ( RUFA ) .

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Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics .

Linezolid is an antibiotic . <SEP> It can heal serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that other antibiotics are do not heal .

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Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease , including streptococci , vancomycin-resistant enterococci ( VRE ) , and methicillin-resistant " Staphylococcus aureus " ( MRSA ) .

Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria which cause disease , like streptococci and MRSA .

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The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis .

It is mainly used to treat infections of the skin and pneumonia .

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When given for short periods , linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic .

It is relatively safe to take linezolid for short periods .

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Common side effects with short-term use include headache , diarrhea , rash , and nausea .

Common harmful effects of short-term use include headache , diarrhea , and nausea .

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