{"sentence":"Water-absorbent resin, hydropolymer, process for producing them, and uses of themThe present invention provides a production process by which a water-absorbent resin of excellent quality can be obtained at a low cost by reasonable steps in aqueous solution polymerization. The process for producing a water-absorbent resin comprises the step of polymerizing an aqueous solution of water-absorbent resin-forming monomers including acrylic acid and\/or its sodium salt as major components, wherein: (1) the aqueous solution has a monomer component concentration of not less than 45 weight %; (2) the polymerization is carried out while water is evaporated so that the ratio (concentration ratio) between a solid component concentration in a hydropolymer as formed by the polymerization and a solid component concentration in the aqueous monomer solution will not be less than 1.10; and (3) the solid component concentration in the hydropolymer as formed by the polymerization is not more than 80 weight %.1. A water-absorbent resin, which is obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing an aqueous solution of water-absorbent resin-forming monomers including acrylic acid and\/or its salt as major components, and has the following properties: (1) 20 (g\/g)≦absorption capacity without load (GV)≦60 (g\/g); (2) absorption capacity under a load (AAP)≧20 (g\/g); and (3) absorption capacity without load (GV)×solubilization residue ratio (%)≦1,200 ((g\/g)%).","label":"Household","id":0}
{"sentence":"POLYOLEFIN BLEND COMPOSITION, AND FILMS MADE THEREFROMThe instant invention provides a polyolefin blend composition suitable for film applications, and films made therefrom. The polyolefin blend suitable for film applications according to the present invention comprises: (a) a linear low density polyethylene composition comprising: g: (i) less than or equal to 100 percent by weight of the units derived from ethylene; and (ii) less than 35 percent by weight of units derived from one or more ?-olefin comonomers; wherein said linear low density polyethylene composition has a density in the range of 0.905 to 0.925 g\/cm3, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 3 g\/10 minutes, a molecular weight distribution (Mz\/Mw) in the range of from 2.2 to 3, vinyl unsaturation of less than 0.1 vinyls per one thousand carbon atoms present in the backbone of said composition, and a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range from 1 to 1.2; and (b) from 10 to 30 percent by weight of a low density polyethylene composition having a density in the range of 0.915 to 0.930 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 5 g\/10 minutes, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 6 to 10.1 . A polyolefin blend composition suitable for film applications comprising: (a) a linear low density polyethylene composition comprising: less than or equal to 100 percent by weight of the units derived from ethylene; less than 35 percent by weight of units derived from one or more α-olefin comonomers; wherein said linear low density polyethylene composition has a density in the range of 0.905 to 0.925 g\/cm3, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 3 g\/10 minutes, a molecular weight distribution (Mz\/Mw) in the range of from 2.2 to 3, vinyl unsaturation of less than 0.1 vinyls per one thousand carbon atoms present in the backbone of said composition, and a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range from 1 to 1.2; (b) from 10 to 30 percent by weight of a low density polyethylene composition having a density in the range of 0.915 to 0.930 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 5 g\/10 minutes, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 6 to 10.","label":"HouseConst","id":1}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent acrylic powders having low residual monomer contentParticulates of a superabsorbent partially, neutralized acrylic polymer, e.g., polyacrylic acid, having a mean particle size ranging from 100 to 500 μm, essentially monodisperse and essentially devoid of fines having a particle size of less than 100 μm, having a nonuniformly surfaced spheroidal particle morphology and containing less than 50 ppm of residual monomer, well suited for a variety of hygienic applications, are prepared by (i) polymerizing a suspension of an acrylic monomer charge I in an organic medium and producing a suspension of acrylic polymer gel particles, (ii) next absorbing a second acrylic monomer charge II into the gel particles, (iii) polymerizing in the gel particles the second acrylic monomer charge II, (iv) azeotropically dehydrating the acrylic polymer particulates thus obtained, (v) then treating the dehydrated particulates with hydrogen peroxide, and (vi) drying the superabsorbent particulates thus treated.1. A process for the preparation of particulates of a superabsorbent partially neutralized acrylic polymer having low residual monomer content, comprising (i) polymerizing a suspension of an at least partially neutralized acrylic monomer charge I in an organic medium and producing a suspension of acrylic polymer gel particles, (ii) next absorbing a second partially neutralized acrylic monomer charge II into said gel particles, (iii) polymerizing in the gel particles said second acrylic monomer charge II, (iv) azeotropically dehydrating the acrylic polymer particulates thus obtained, (v) then treating the dehydrated particulates with hydrogen peroxide, and then (vi) drying the superabsorbent particulates thus treated.","label":"Household","id":2}
{"sentence":"POLYMER COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME, AND ARTICLES PREPARED FROM THE SAMEThe invention provides a composition comprising a first composition that comprises an ethylene-based polymer and an oil, and wherein the first composition has the following property as determined by small angle x-ray scattering: (Loil−Lno-oil)\/Lno-oil>10%, where Loil is the long period of the polymer with oil, and Lno-oil is the long period of the polymer without oil.1 . A composition comprising a first composition that comprises an ethylene-based polymer and an oil, and wherein the first composition has the following property as determined by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: (Loil−Lno-oil)Lno-oil>10%, where Loil is the long period of the polymer with oil, and Lno-oil is the long period of the polymer without oil.","label":"HouseConst","id":3}
{"sentence":"Enhanced water swellable compositionsNanocomposite microgel particles containing a three-dimensional network, containing a water-swellable nanoclay and an organic network polymer. The nanocomposite microgel particles include primary nanocomposite microgel particles having a mean diameter of 1 to 10 micrometers. Also disclosed is a method of manufacture for the nanocomposite microgel particles. The nanocomposite microgel particles can be used together with a base polymer to provide water swellable compositions.1. A water swellable composition comprising: a base polymer; and nanocomposite microgel particles comprising a three-dimensional network comprising a water-swellable nanoclay; and an organic network polymer; wherein the nanocomposite microgel particles comprise primary nanocomposite microgel particles having a mean diameter of 1 to 10 micrometers; and wherein the nanocomposite microgel particles are present in an amount of 20 to 150 parts by weight based on one hundred parts by weight of the base polymer.","label":"Household","id":4}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition and tire using sameThe present invention provides a rubber composition with superior properties with respect to processability, low fuel consumption, complex modulus, and durability, and tires prepared by using the rubber composition. The rubber composition of the present invention comprises: 2 to 2.9 parts by weight of (B) sulfur, 0.6 to 10 parts by weight of (C) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cresol resin, a resorcin condensate, and a modified resorcin condensate, and 10 to 55 parts by weight of (D) a carbon black and\/or silica, based on 100 parts by weight of (A) a rubber component comprising a natural rubber and\/or isoprene rubber and at least two kinds of synthetic rubbers selected from the group consisting of butadiene rubber, modified butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and modified styrene-butadiene rubber. The tire of the present invention is prepared by using the rubber composition.1. A tire having a carcass or a belt formed by a rubber composition, comprising: 2 to 2.9 parts by weight of (B) sulfur: 0.6 to 10 parts by weight of (C) a cresol resin; 10 to 55 parts by weight of (D) a carbon black and\/or silica; and 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of (E) hexamethylenetetramine, based on 100 parts by weight of (A) a rubber component comprising a natural rubber and\/or isoprene rubber and at least two kinds of synthetic rubbers selected from the group consisting of a butadiene rubber, modified butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and modified styrene-butadiene rubber, wherein the rubber composition is coated on fiber cords, the coated fiber cords being used to form the carcass or the belt.","label":"Automobile","id":5}
{"sentence":"SUPRAMOLECULAR BLOCK COPOLYMER COMPOSITIONS FOR SUB-MICRON LITHOGRAPHYA polymeric composition and method of preparation for application in sub-micron lithography, comprising a blend of A-B and B′-C block, random, branched, or graft copolymers, where: (i) the B and B′ blocks or grafts have attractive supramolecular interactions characterized by a negative Flory-Huggins parameter; (ii) the composition exhibits a microphase-separated, three-domain morphology with A, C, and B\/B′ domains comprised largely of A blocks or grafts, C blocks or grafts, and a mixture of B and B′ blocks or grafts, respectively. Long-range ordering of nanometer-scale domain features has been achieved in thin films of such supramolecular polymer blends, while avoiding macrophase separation. The strategy offers a diversity of morphologies for sub-micron lithographic applications in tandem with ease of chemical synthesis.1 . A polymeric composition comprising a blend of A-B and B′-C block, random, branched or graft copolymers, wherein: (i) said A-B block or graft copolymer is itself a mixture of one or more A-B block, random, branched or graft copolymers, each with at least one polymerized block or graft of polymer A and at least one polymerized block or graft of polymer B; (ii) said B′-C block, random, branched or graft copolymer is itself a mixture of one or more B′-C block or graft copolymers, each with at least one polymerized block or graft of polymer B′ and at least one polymerized block or graft of polymer C; (iii) the B blocks or grafts of the A-B component have attractive interactions with the B′ blocks or grafts of the B′-C component, such interactions being described by a negative Flory-Huggins parameter χBB′; and (iv) the composition exhibits a microphase-separated, three-domain morphology with distinct A, C, and B\/B′ domains comprised largely of A polymer segments, C polymer segments, and a mixture of B and B′ polymer segments, respectively.","label":"IndustConst","id":6}
{"sentence":"Silane-terminated polyurethanes with high strength and high elongationA silane-terminated polyurethane composition is the reaction product of a silane-terminated polyurethane prepolymer component, a silane-terminated monomeric diisocyanate, and optionally at least one multifunctional trisilane or tetrasilane component. A method for making a composition includes (a) providing a silane-terminated polyurethane prepolymer component, a silane-terminated monomeric diisocyanate component, and optionally at least one multifunctional trisilane or tetrasilane component, and (b) combining the prepolymer component, monomeric component, and optional multifunctional silane component to form a silane-terminated polyurethane reaction product with a tensile strength of about 4 MPa or greater and an elongation of about 200% or greater.1. A method for making a silane-terminated polyurethane composition comprising: a) providing a prepolymer component, a monomeric component, and optionally at least one multifunctional component, wherein the prepolymer component comprises a silane-terminated polyurethane prepolymer, the monomeric component comprises a silane-terminated monomeric diisocyanate, and the optional multifunctional component comprises at least one of a trisilane, a tetrasilane, or a silane adduct component; and b) combining and reacting the prepolymer component, the monomeric component, and optionally the at least one multifunctional component to form a silane-terminated polyurethane reaction product; wherein the silane-terminated polyurethane reaction product has a tensile strength of about 4 MPa or greater and an elongation of about 200% or greater; and, wherein the prepolymer component comprises a silane-terminated polyurethane prepolymer component comprising a prepolymer reaction product of at least one diisocyanate and at least one polyol with a mole ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups of about 0.5:1 to about 0.9:1, said prepolymer reaction product is further reacted with a monomeric diisocyanate, followed by termination with an aminosilane endcapper of the formula: R—NH-A1-Si(R1)x(OR2)3-x or a mercaptosilane endcapper of the formula: HS-A1-Si(R1)x(OR2)3-x wherein R represents a C1- to C10 alkyl group, a group having the formula -A1-Si(R1)x(OR2)3-x, or a group having the formula —CH(COOR3)—CH2(COOR4); A1represents a C1 to C10 linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group; R1represents a CH3 or C2H5 group; R2represents a C1 to C4 alkyl group; R3represents a C1 to C13 alkyl group; R4 represents a C1 to C13 alkyl group; and x is 0 or 1.","label":"Automobile","id":7}
{"sentence":"Ambient pressure process for preparing aerogel thin films reliquified sols useful in preparing aerogel thin filmsA method for preparing aerogel thin films by an ambient-pressure, continuous process. The method of this invention obviates the use of an autoclave and is amenable to the formation of thin films by operations such as dip coating. The method is less energy intensive and less dangerous than conventional supercritical aerogel processing techniques.1. A method for preparing a reliquified sol comprising the steps of: (a) forming a colloidal sol; (b) aging the sol to form a gel; (c) derivatizing the surface of the gel with non-hydrolyzable organic substituents in a non-aqueous medium; and (d) applying sonication to the derivatized gel in a non-aqueous medium to form a reliquified sol capable of being coated on a substrate to form a film requiring substantially no subsequent additional drying and having a porosity greater than about 50 volume %.","label":"IndustConst","id":8}
{"sentence":"Process for manufacturing acrolein from glycerolThe subject of the present invention is a process for preparing acrolein by dehydration of glycerol in the presence of a catalyst system comprising oxygen, phosphorus and at least one metal chosen from vanadium, boron or aluminium. The process is preferably carried out in the gas phase in the presence of oxygen starting from aqueous solutions of glycerol.1. A process for manufacturing acrolein from glycerol comprising the steps of: subjecting glycerol to a dehydration reaction and forming acrolein, wherein the dehydration reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a catalyst having the formula: MPxM′yOz wherein: M is selected from V, B or Al; M′ is an element selected from hydrogen or elements selected from Groups 1 to 16 of the Periodic Table; x ranges from 0.2 to 3.0, limits included; y ranges from 0 to 2.0, limits included, wherein when M is Al, y is not 0; and z is the amount of oxygen bound to the other elements and that corresponds to their oxidation state.","label":"Catalyst","id":9}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of styrene monomer by improving energy efficiency and injecting a recycle gas into the EB vaporizerThis invention relates to a process for the production of styrene monomer by the dehydrogenation or oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in the presence of recycle gas and more particularly to a method of reducing the boiling point of liquid ethylbenzene feed in the production of styrene monomer. The process comprises the step of catalytically dehydrogenating or oxydehydrogenating ethylbenzene in the presence of a mixture, wherein the mixture substantially comprises carbon dioxide, thereby catalytically producing styrene monomer.1. A process for the production of styrene monomer from ethylbenzene comprising the steps of: feeding liquid ethylbenzene feedstock into a vaporizer unit capable of converting liquid ethylbenzene to gaseous ethylbenzene, wherein the vaporizer unit produces an overhead comprising gaseous ethylbenzene; feeding a gaseous mixture into said vaporizer unit, wherein the gaseous mixture comprises an amount of recycle gas sufficient to lower the boiling point of ethylbenzene by at least 5° C.; heating the vaporizer thereby converting liquid ethylbenzene to gaseous ethylbenzene, wherein the gaseous ethylbenzene is recovered in the vaporizer overheads; and catalytically dehydrogenating or oxydehydrogenating the ethylbenzene in the vaporized overheads thereby catalytically producing a styrene monomer.","label":"Process","id":10}
{"sentence":"Process to prepare low density porous cross-linked polymeric materialsStable high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions containing polymerizable vinyl monomers, crosslinking monomers and initiators are obtained useful in producing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials by using a surfactant system containing (a) one or more sorbitan fatty acid esters or saccharide fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof and (b) one or more quaternary salts having one or more greater than or equal to 8 carbon atom hydrocarbon groups. A water-in-oil emulsion can be formed with lower surfactant concentration than sorbitan fatty acid ester alone and improved surfactant performance at elevated temperatures is obtained. Sludge formation otherwise observed with the use of sorbitan fatty acid ester surfactants is also reduced or eliminated.1. A process for the production of a porous crosslinked polymeric material comprising: (a) providing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising (i) a mixture of polymerizable monomers comprising at least one oil-soluble vinyl monomer and from about 2 to about 70 weight percent, based on the mixture, of a multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer, (ii) at least 90 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water as the internal phase (iii) an effective amount to produce the water-in-oil emulsion of a surfactant comprising (A) at least one sorbitan fatty acid ester or saccharide fatty acid ester and (B) at least one quaternary salt having at least one greater than or equal to 8 carbon atoms hydrocarbon group, and (iv) a polymerization initiator; (b) curing said polymerizable monomers under conditions effective to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers; and (c) removing at least a portion of water from said cross-linked emulsion thereby producing a porous crosslinked polymeric material.","label":"Household","id":11}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing cyclopentadienyl group-containing silicon compound or cyclopentadienyl group-containing germanium compoundDisclosed is a process for preparing a cyclopentadienyl group-containing silicon compound or a cyclopentadienyl group-containing germanium compound, comprising reacting (i) a lithium, sodium or potassium salt of a cyclopentadiene derivative with (ii) a silicon halide compound or a germanium halide compound in the presence of a cyanide or a thiocyanate. The cyanide or the thiocyanate is preferably a copper salt. According to the process of the invention, a cyclopentadienyl group-containing silicon compound or a cyclopentadienyl group-containing germanium compound, which is very useful for the preparation of a metallocene complex catalyst component, can be prepared in a high yield for a short period of time.1. A process for preparing a cyclopentadienyl group-containing silicon compound or a cyclopentadienyl group-containing germanium compound, comprising reacting: (i) a lithium, sodium or potassium salt of a cyclopentadiene derivative, with (ii) a silicon halide compound or a germanium halide compound, in the presence of a cyanide or a thiocyanate.","label":"Catalyst","id":12}
{"sentence":"Absorbent pad that includes a fatty acid composition for odor controlAn absorbent pad includes a batt of cellulose fibers, superabsorbent particles intermixed within the batt of cellulose fibers, and an odor control material intermixed within the batt of cellulose fibers, wherein the odor control material is a particulate material including one or more fatty acid. The odor control material preferably further includes selected inorganic compounds, such as sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. Various embodiments incorporate the absorbent pad in a diaper or other disposable hygiene product.1. An absorbent pad, comprising: a batt of cellulose fibers; superabsorbent particles intermixed within the batt of cellulose fibers; and an odor control material intermixed within the batt of cellulose fibers, wherein the odor control material is a particulate material that is a composite of one or more fatty acids mixed with a source of nitrogen, a source of phosphorus, and a source of iron.","label":"Household","id":13}
{"sentence":"Vinyl chloride polymer\/polyolefin polyblends having improved rheological propertiesPolyblend molding compositions, well adopted for the production of flame-resistant and adhesively integral composite shaped articles, are formulated from particulates of (a) at least one vinyl chloride polymer, (b) at least one polyolefin, and (c) at least one α-monoolefin terpolymer having a vinyl chloride polymer grafted to the backbone thereof.1. A polyblend molding composition comprising (a) at least one vinyl chloride polymer, (b) at least one polyolefin, and (c) at least one α-monoolefin terpolymer having a vinyl chloride polymer grafted to the backbone thereof, the backbone of said graft terpolymer (c) comprising from 51% to 96% by weight of ethylene, from 3% to 40% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl moiety of which having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and from 1% to 9% by weight of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride.","label":"HouseConst","id":14}
{"sentence":"Catalysts for the production of acrylic acid or its derivativesCatalysts for dehydrating hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity, short residence time, and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, for example, acetaldehyde, propionic acid, and acetic acid, are provided. The catalysts are mixed protonated monophosphates. Methods of preparing the catalysts are also provided.1. A catalyst comprising: a. monophosphate salt KH2PO4; and b. monophosphate salt MIIHPO4; wherein MIIis selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; and further, wherein the molar ratio of said MIIHPO4 to said KH2PO4 in said catalyst is between about 0.2 and about 5.","label":"Catalyst","id":15}
{"sentence":"Anionic polymerization with bifunctional initiatorsAn organic compound of an alkali metal, of the formula I which is obtained by reaction of an appropriate diarylethylene of the formula II with an alkali metal (M), especially lithium, where Ar1and Ar2are identical or different aryl or hetaryl radicals which have one or more rings which are either separate or fused, and where R is at least one substituent different from hydrogen and which is chemically inert to the alkali metal or its alkyl, with the proviso that the total of the carbon atoms in all the R is at least 3, and m and n are each an integer up to 4, is used for the preparation of polymers whose monomers are amenable to anionic polymerization.1. A process for the preparation of a polymer, comprising contacting a monomer amenable to anionic polymerization selected from the group consisting of vinyl aromatic compounds and conjugated dienes with an organic compound of an alkali metal (M) of formula (I) where Ar1and Ar2are identical or different aryl or hetaryl radicals which have one or more rings which are either separate or fused, and where R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl with 1 to 7 or 5 to 25 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one R substituent is different from hydrogen that the total of carbon atoms in all the R is at least 3, and m and n are each an integer up to 4.","label":"Automobile","id":16}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbent agents containing polycarboxylic amine chelating agentsWater-absorbing agents containing polycarboxylic amine chelating agents. The water-absorbing agents are obtained by a process including the step of adding to a water-absorbent resin at least one chelating agent selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylic amines and maleic hydrophilic polymers. The polycarboxylic amine may be selected from a class that includes N-carboxymethyl-aspartic acid as one of its members or selected from a class that includes N,N′-bis(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-ethylenediamine as one of its members. The water-absorbing agents have not only excellent urine resistance, but also excellent absorption properties that are stable to any composition of urine and show little change with time.1. A water-absorbing agent prepared from an internally crosslinked water-absorbent resin that has been dried and then surface-crosslinked, with the water-absorbing agent: a) having an absorption capacity of 30 (g\/g) or more under no load and a static deterioration absorption capacity (1) of 20 (g\/g) or more under a load, wherein the static deterioration absorption capacity (1) under a load is an absorption capacity of the water-absorbing agent as determined by the following sequential steps of: i) swelling a water-absorbing agent to 15 (g\/g) with a physiological sodium chloride solution containing L-ascorbic acid in a concentration of 0.005 weight %; ii) leaving the water-absorbing agent in such a swollen state for 6 hours; iii) allowing the swollen water-absorbing agent to absorb the physiological sodium chloride solution for another 1 hour in a state where a load of 50 g\/cm 2 is mounted on the swollen water-absorbing agent; and iv) measuring the weight of the resultant swollen gel; and b) comprising a water-absorbent resin that is internally crosslinked and surface crosslinked, wherein the water-absorbing resin is obtained by a process comprising the steps of: i) providing a monomer solution of which the main monomer component is acrylic acid and\/or a salt, where the salt is a neutralized product of the acid, and carrying out a polymerization and internal crosslinking reaction with said monomer solution to obtain an internally crosslinked water-absorbent hydrogel; ii) drying the internally crosslinked water-absorbent hydrogel to obtain a dry internally crosslinked water-absorbent resin; and iii) carrying out a surface-crosslinking reaction with the dry internally crosslinked water-absorbent resin to obtain the water-absorbent resin that is internally crosslinked and surface crosslinked.","label":"Household","id":17}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer containing clay, particulate, and method of making sameA process for the preparation of superabsorbent polymer containing clay, the process including the steps of (I) polymerizing a polymerization mixture comprising: (a) one or more ethylenically unsaturated carboxyl-containing monomers, (b) one or more crosslinking agents, (c) optionally one or more comonomers copolymerizable with the carboxyl-containing monomer, (d) neutralizing agent to partially neutralize the polymer to from about 50% to about 99%, by weight, and (e) a polymerization medium, to form a crosslinked partially neutralized hydrogel, (II) admixing a clay with the crosslinked partially neutralized hydrogel to form partially neutralized superabsorbent polymer-clay hydrogel; (III) drying the crosslinked partially neutralized hydrogel at a temperature from about 190° C. to about 210° C. and for a time period of from about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes, and (IV) comminuting the dried partially neutralized superabsorbent polymer-clay hydrogel to particles.1. A superabsorbent polymer containing clay particulate comprising: a) a superabsorbent polymer particulate comprising an intimately admixed blend of from about 90 wt % to about 99.5 wt % of a superabsorbent polymer hydrogel and from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a clay; wherein the admixed blend is dried and comminuted into superabsorbent polymer particulate; b) wherein the superabsorbent polymer particulate of a) is surface treated with from about 0.001 wt % to about 5 wt % of a surface crosslinking agent to form a surface crosslinked superabsorbent polymer particulate; c) wherein the surface crosslinked particulate composition of b) is surface treated with from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % of a multivalent salt to form the superabsorbent polymer containing clay particulate; d) wherein the superabsorbent polymer particulate composition of b), c), or b) and c) is further surface treated with from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % of a cationic polymer; and wherein the superabsorbent polymer containing clay particulate has a free swell gel bed permeability of at least about 10 Darcy, as measured by the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test.","label":"Household","id":18}
{"sentence":"Sizing composition and sized fibers with increased hardnessSizing composition for glass fibers, method of making same, method of making sized glass fibers and sized glass fibers are provided to have improved sized glass fibers for use in thermosetting molding compounds. The improved sized glass fibers are produced with improved processability and have good handling characteristics and give improved properties to thermosetting molding compounds. The sizing composition is an aqueous sizing composition having water soluble or dispersible, liquid epoxy resin, melamine formaldehyde condensate, polyamide resin and thermoplastic plasticizing agent, and one or more silane coupling agents. The method of preparing the sizing composition involves adding the melamine formaldehyde condensate and polyamide resin before the addition of or in the presence of the epoxy resin. The sized glass fibers are in contact with dried residue of the epoxy resin, melamine formaldehyde-polyamide reaction product, thermoplastic plasticizing agent and one or more silane coupling agents.1. An aqueous sizing composition for glass fibers to produce treated glass fibers having increased hardness and improved integrity with good flow-through and wet-out properties, comprising in weight percent of the aqueous sizing composition: a. about 3 to about 20 weight percent of a substantially noncrystalline liquid epoxy resin in an aqueous dispersion wherein the epoxy resin is in the dispersion in an amount of 50 to 60 percent by weight of the nonvolatiles and has a weight per epoxide of around 500 to 550 and where the dispersion has an average particle size between 1 and 4 microns, b. about 3 to about 15 weight percent of melamine formaldehyde condensate, c. about 1 to about 8 weight percent of a polyamide resin wherein the ratio of amounts of melamine formaldehyde condensate to polyamide resin is in the range of about 2 to about 20 moles of melamine formaldehyde condensate to one mole of polyamide resin and wherein the polyamide resin is reactive with the melamine formaldehyde condensate to form a reaction product; d. about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent of one or more silane coupling agents, e. about 1 to about 12 weight percent of a thermoplastic plasticizing agent selected from the group consisting of vinyl acrylic copolymer and epoxy resin blend, polyurethane, a reaction product of a partial ester of a carboxylic acid and polyepoxy compound, silane polyvinyl acetate copolymer, and plasticized polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylacetate, and f. water in the remaining amount of the composition.","label":"Automobile","id":19}
{"sentence":"Core-shell polymers suitable for use in organic mediaA composition including a core-shell polymeric particle, the core including, when dry, at least one void and the shell including, as polymerized units, from 18% to 50%, by weight based on the weight of the shell, monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and mixtures thereof is provided. Also provided is a composition including an organic medium and a core-shell polymeric particle, the core including, when dry, at least one void and the shell having a calculated shell-organic medium interaction parameter, XPS>1.15 and a method for providing opacity to a dry composition.1. A composition comprising an organic medium and a core-shell polymeric particle, said core comprising, when dry, at least one void and said shell having a calculated shell-organic medium interaction parameter, XPS>1.15.","label":"Automobile","id":20}
{"sentence":"Polymer blendThe invention relates to polymer blends which can be used both in foamed and unfoamed states as a replacement for conventional EPDM and other elastomers. The composition of the blend includes a single-site catalyzed polyolefin resin having a density of below 0.878 g cm-3and up to 40 weight percent a polyolefin including ethylene and propylene. The polymer blend is cross-linked. The polymer blends are formable and foamable. The use of sulfur to vulcanize the polymer blend is not necessary. The polymer blends can be used to make foam for floatation or for making gaskets.1. A polymer blend comprising: (a) a single-site initiated polyolefin resin, said single site initiated polyolefin resin comprising styrene and ethylene; and (b) a chlorinated polyethylene, wherein at least a portion of the polymer blend is cross-linked.","label":"Construct","id":21}
{"sentence":"Modified conjugated diene rubber, method for producing same, and rubber compositionAccording to a method for producing a modified conjugated diene rubber, the method involves a step of obtaining a modified conjugated diene rubber by reacting a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene polymer which is obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound and has an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal active end, with a first hydrocarbyloxysilane compound having an alkyl polyether group and a group convertible into an onium, and a conjugated diene rubber which can be used as a starting material for a crosslinked rubber that is used in applications such as a tire tread and is capable of improving the low fuel consumption performance is provided.1. A method for producing a modified conjugated diene rubber, the method comprising: (A) reacting a conjugated diene polymer comprising an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal active end with a first hydrocarbyloxysilane compound comprising functional groups (a) and (b), thereby obtaining a modified conjugated diene rubber, wherein the conjugated diene polymer is obtained by a process comprising polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, the functional group (a) is an alkyl polyether group and the functional group (b) is a group convertible into an onium wherein the functional group (b) is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing group formed by substituting two protective groups for two hydrogen atoms of a primary amino group, a nitrogen-containing group formed by substituting one protective group for one hydrogen atom of a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, an imino group, a pyridyl group, a phosphorus-containing group formed by substituting two protective groups for two hydrogen atoms of a primary phosphino group, hoschorus-containin rou formed b substituting one protective group for one hydrogen atom of a secondary phosphino group, a tertiary phosphino group, and a sulfur-containing group formed by substituting one protective group for one hydrogen atom of a thiol.","label":"Automobile","id":22}
{"sentence":"Distillation apparatus and distilling methodA distillation apparatus is provided with a distillation tower, a reboiler, a bottom outflow pipe for drawing a liquid from the bottom of the distillation tower, and a pot provided between the bottom of the distillation tower and the bottom outflow pipe. A part of the drawn liquid is discharged to the outside of the distillation apparatus while the rest is flowed to the reboiler. The pot has a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the distillation tower and larger than a cross-sectional area of the bottom outflow pipe.1. A distillation apparatus comprising: a distillation tower having a cross-sectional area S 2 ; a re-boiler; a recirculating pipe having a cross-sectional area S 5 for flowing a portion of a liquid from said distillation tower to said re-boiler; a discharge pipe having a cross-sectional area S 4 for discharging a remaining portion of the liquid from the distillation apparatus; a first pot having a cross-sectional area S 1 (A) positioned between a bottom of said distillation tower and said discharge pipe; and a second pot having a cross-sectional area S 1 (B) positioned between the bottom of said distillation tower and said recirculating pipe, wherein the following conditions are met (i) 0.02&#8804;[S 1 (A)+S 1 (B)]\/S 2 &#8804;0.50 (ii) 1<S 1 (A)\/S 4 &#8804;20 (iii) 1<S 1 (B)\/S 5 &#8804;20.","label":"Process","id":23}
{"sentence":"Melt blended high density polyethylene compositions with enhanced properties and method for producing the sameMelt blended HDPE compositions for single and dual wall corrugated HDPE pipe and associated fabricated and molded fittings and accessories with enhanced physical properties and processing and environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) characteristics and associated blend methods are disclosed in which virgin or recycled homopolymer and\/or copolymer HDPE resin components are blended. The invention discloses methods for 1) selecting and determining the relative weight fractions of the HDPE blending components that provide specific physical properties and processability of HDPE blended compositions associated with density and melt index respectively and specific values of environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) associated with specific molecular parameters and 2) for determining from molecular parameters, the ESCR of linear polyethylene resins and blended compositions within a class having similar densities. The invention reduces the cost of raw materials to corrugated HDPE pipe manufacturers by enabling the use of virgin prime commodity HDPE resins and\/or wide and off specification prime HDPE resins in place of single stream specialty HDPE resins and favorably impacts the environment by providing the capability of utilizing recycled HDPE resins in place of prime HDPE resins in the manufacture of corrugated HDPE pipe.1. A melt blended polyethylene comprising at least two components wherein a first component is a low molecular weight (LMW) high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt index (MI) in the range from about 0.1 to about 20.0 grams per 10 minutes; and a second component is a high molecular weight (HMW) HDPE, and further comprising an additional LMW HDPE.","label":"HouseConst","id":24}
{"sentence":"Section of a separation column, separation column and a method of operationA separation column containing a feed distribution device and a feed distribution device for a separation column, such as a vacuum distillation column. The feed distribution device being capable of diffusing and directing a feed flow from a feed inlet so as to distribute the feed substantially evenly over the surface area of a separation plate in the column thereby increasing the columns efficiency. The separation column containing the feed distribution device being capable of shorter height, less costly design and lower operating cost than a separation column without the feed distribution device.1. A section of a contacting column, the section comprising; at least one feed inlet to an interior portion of said column section; at least one feed distribution device located in said interior portion of the column, each feed distribution device is being formed by a plurality of plates with voids between them, and wherein a first feed distribution device is arranged substantially in front of at least a first feed inlet such that the plates are capable of deflecting at least a portion of a feed flow introduced from the first feed inlet in a vertical direction, substantially normal to the original direction of the feed flow from the first feed inlet, and the voids between the plates are capable of allowing another portion of the feed flow introduced from the first feed inlet through the feed distribution device with no, or significantly lower, angle of deflection.","label":"Process","id":25}
{"sentence":"Coated superabsorbent polymer particles and processes thereforeSuperabsorbent material, comprising first superabsorbent polymers, coated with second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers, said second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers being obtainable by the step of polymerization of a solution\/dispersion of polymerizable compounds and clay particles, to obtain said second superabsorbent polymers, crosslinked by said clay particles, of a weight average largest particle dimension of less than 800 nm.1. A superabsorbent material, comprising: first superabsorbent polymers, coated with second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers, said second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers being polymerized in a solution or dispersion of polymerizable compounds, in the presence of a clay particle dispersion, crosslinked by said clay particles, said clay particles having a weight average largest particle dimension of less than 800 nm; said coating of said second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers having an average caliper from 1 micron to 100 microns.","label":"Household","id":26}
{"sentence":"Process for producing homo- or copolymers of vinyl or vinylidene halides having reduced polymer buildup in the reactorThere is disclosed a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous medium using a low water solubility free radical yielding polymerization initiator or catalyst along with an inorganic or organic activator, using a fast reaction at the beginning of polymerization by employing a temperature below the desired temperature, then at the desired temperature and finally above the desired temperature, using an emulsifier system of an ammonium or an alkali metal salt of a high fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and\/or a sulfate or sulfonate type soap, and at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and conducting said polymerization in a reactor having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof comprising a polymerization inhibitor, the ingredients being thoroughly mixed prior to polymerization. Polymer buildup on the internal surfaces of the reactor is substantially reduced.1. A process for producing homopolymers of vinyl and vinylidene halides and copolymers thereof either with each other or with up to 80% by weight of one or more vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH2=C< grouping comprising, forming a monomer premix containing the monomer or monomers to be polymerized, the aqueous reaction medium, from about 0.02% to about 0.20% by weight of a free-radical yielding catalyst based on the weight of 100 parts of monomer or monomers being polymerized, from about 0.0005% to about 0.02% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer(s), of an activator for said catalyst, from about 0.5% to about 4.0% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer(s) of at least one emulsifier selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts of a saturated fatty acid, alkali metal salts of a saturated fatty acid, said fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and a sulfate or sulfonate type soap having the general formula [Equation] CH3(CnH2n)--X wherein n is an integer from 7 to 18, X is selected from the group consisting of and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, and an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R's is selected from the group consisting of --H, and an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Y is selected from the group consisting of --SO3--M, --O--SO3--M, and --O--CH2CH2--O)mSO3--M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of NH3,Na and K, and m is an integer from 7 to 17, at least one long straight chain saturated alcohol containing from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein the ratio of alcohol to emulsifier is 1.0 or greater than 1.0, homogenizing said premix at a temperature below the reactivity of the catalyst or catalysts employed, passing said homogenized premix to a reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof comprised of a water phase polymerization inhibitor, emulsion polymerizing said homogenized premix in a first stage at a temperature in the range of about 30° C. to about 50° C. to a conversion in the range of about 25% to about 30%, thereafter polymerizing said premix in a second stage at a temperature in the range of about 35° C. to about 60° C., then polymerizing said premix in a third stage at a temperature in the range of about 40° C. to about 70° C., wherein the temperature in each of said stages is different and chosen so as to maintain a substantially constant reaction rate, maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture in said stages in the range of about 9.0 to about 11.0 until the reaction is complete, the total time to complete reaction in said first stage through said third stage being in the range of about 6 hours to about 14 hours, and thereafter recovering the homopolymer or copolymer, whereby polymer buildup in said reaction vessel is substantially reduced.","label":"HouseConst","id":27}
{"sentence":"SURFACE LINKERS FOR ARRAY SYNTHESISThe present invention provide several methods of derivatizing a surface of a support with one or more linkers thus providing a suitable platform for synthesis of a polymer array, particular a nucleic acid array. Some methods derivatize a surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a linker. The SAM confers advantages of hydrolytic stability, broad compatibility with synthesis and detection chemistries, and reduced emergence of latent functional groups during polymer array synthesis. Substrates can also be derivatized with multi-layers of SAMs providing greater hydrolytic stability. Substrates can also be derivatized by synthesizing a linker in situ on the substrate by atom transfer radical polymerization of functional and functional monomers. Appropriate selection of monomers reduces emergence of latent functional groups in subsequent array synthesis.1 . A method of synthesizing a polymer array comprising (a) contacting a surface of a substrate with at least one linker, wherein the linker has a backbone chain comprising at least 5 carbon atoms with a head group at one end and a functional tail group precursor at the other end, wherein molecules of the linker self-assemble in a monolayer on the surface of the substrate; (b) converting the functional tail group precursor into a functional tail group; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) at least once, such that a further monolayer with a further linker having a backbone of at least five carbon atoms, a head group and a tail group assembles on top of previous monolayer via linking of the head group on the further linker molecules to the functional tail group of the linker molecules of the previous monolayer; (d) synthesizing a polymer array monomer-by-monomer on the further monolayer wherein the first monomers of the polymers attach to the further monolayer via the functional tail group of the linker molecules of the further monolayer.","label":"Automobile","id":28}
{"sentence":"Use of at least one superabsorbent polymer (SAP), in a dry composition based on mineral binder and intended for the preparation of a hardenable wet formulation for the construction industryThe invention relates to the use of a mixture comprising a mineral binder (a) and at least one SuperAbsorbent Polymer (SAP) (b), in order to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of a hardened product intended for the construction industry, by reducing its thermal conductivity λ (W·m−1·K−1), this hardened product being obtained from a dry composition or a wet formulation comprising this mixture. The dry composition, the wet formulation obtained by mixing this dry composition with water, the methods for preparing this dry composition and the corresponding wet formulation, the hardened construction products obtained from the wet formulation and the structures produced with these products, are other subjects of the invention.1. A method for improving thermal characteristics of a hardened product intended for the construction industry by reducing thermal conductivity λ (W·m−1·K−1) of said hardened product, said method comprises forming a mixture comprising (a) a mineral binder and (b) at least one SuperAbsorbent Polymer (SAP); incorporating said mixture into a dry composition or a hydraulically setting wet formulation; and forming the hardened product.","label":"Household","id":29}
{"sentence":"Polymerizations using adjuvant catalystsDisclosed herein are methods for producing polymeric materials which are normally tenacious in their character to such degree that their processing by conventional means is not possible, for example substantially-amorphous polyolefins. By introducing a second catalyst capable of producing a powdery polymer into the polymerization system during production of the sticky polymers, these normally sticky, tenacious polymers are rendered into a form which may be processed using conventional means and equipment.1. In a liquid pool process for polymerizing propylene, which process employs a first catalyst that produces a substantially-amorphous, fouling, first propylene polymer that is insoluble in liquid propylene and has any weight-average molecular weight in the range between 10,000 and 2,000,000, including every weight-average molecular weight therebetween, wherein the improvement comprises: the presence in the polymerization reactor of a second catalyst that produces a second propylene polymer that is insoluble in liquid propylene and that exists in th form of a powder, simultaneously with the first propylene polymer and in an effective amount sufficient to provide a coating of the second polymer powder about the fouling first propylene polymer during the formation of the first polymer that is effective to eliminate or substantially reduce the tendency of the first polymer to adhere to the walls of the polymerization reactor, thus yielding a propylene polymer product predominantly exhibiting the beneficial physical properties of the first propylene polymer while existing in a physical form that may be readily handled, and processed by those in the polymer-product manufacturing industries using conventional equipment, wherein said second catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: Rac-ethylenebis(1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride and Dimethylsilylbis(1-indenyl)zirconiumdichloride.","label":"Construct","id":30}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of methacrylic acid and methacroleinThe present invention is directed to a process for preparing methacrylic acid and methacrolein in one step which comprises subjecting isobutane to catalytic oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen in the vapor phase, with a catalyst comprising a P and\/or As--Mo--V and\/or Cu composition containing a heteropoly acid. The catalytic oxidation is performed at a temperature of not greater than 350° C., at which temperature the decomposition of the heteropoly acid is unlikely to occur, preferably at a temperature of not greater than 320° C. By means of this process, methacrylic acid and methacrolein are produced with high productivity and in high yield while maintaining a stable activity of the catalyst for a prolonged period of time.1. A process for the preparation of methacrylic acid and methacrolein, which comprises contacting at a temperature of 240° to 350° C. in a reactor a mixed gas comprising isobutane and molecular oxygen in the vapor phase with a catalyst comprising a composition containing a heteropoly acid having P and\/or As as a central element or central elements and Mo as a coordinating element, said composition being represented by the formula: [Equation] AaMo12BbCcDdOe ( 1) wherein A represents P and\/or As; Mo represents molybdenum; B represents V and\/or Cu; C represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and Tl; D represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ag, Zn, Cd, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, B, Al, Ge, Rh, Sn, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Y, La, Ce, Pr and Nd; O represents oxygen; and a, b, c, d and e are numbers, respectively, representing relative atomic proportions of A, B, C, D and O, wherein a, b, c and d are, respectively, in the ranges of from 0.5 to 3, from 0.01 to 3, from 0 to 3 and from 0 to 3, and e is the number of oxygens required to satisfy the valence and relative atomic proportion requirements of the elements present, thereby obtaining a gaseous reaction mixture comprising methacrylic acid and methacrolein.","label":"Catalyst","id":31}
{"sentence":"Color-Stable SuperabsorbentA superabsorbent obtainable by a process for producing superabsorbents by polymerizing a monomer solution comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears acid groups and is optionally present at least partly in salt form, b) at least one crosslinker, c) at least one initiator, d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers mentioned under a), e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymers, the process further comprising drying of the resulting polymer and optionally grinding of the dried polymer and sieving of the ground polymer and optionally surface postcrosslinking of the dried and optionally ground and sieved polymer, wherein at least one sulfonic acid derivative is added to the monomer mixture and\/or to the polymer prior to the drying, and at least one phosphonic acid derivative is added to the polymer after the drying or optionally after the surface postcrosslinking, exhibits improved stability to discoloration in the course of storage at elevated temperatures or under elevated air humidity.1 . A process for producing superabsorbents by polymerizing a monomer solution comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears an acid group and is optionally present at least partly in salt form, b) at least one crosslinker, c) at least one initiator, d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer mentioned under a), e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymer, the process further comprising drying the resulting polymer and optionally grinding the dried polymer and sieving the ground polymer and optionally surface postcrosslinking the dried and optionally ground and sieved polymer, wherein at least one sulfonic acid derivative is added to the monomer mixture and\/or to the polymer prior to the drying, and at least one phosphonic acid derivative is added to the polymer after the drying or optionally after the surface postcrosslinking.","label":"Household","id":32}
{"sentence":"(meth)acrylic acid production method, and, hydrophilic resin production methodThe present invention provides a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid, which achieves enhanced productivity or a reduced amount of a catalyst in production of (meth)acrylic acid from 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid, and enables stable production of (meth)acrylic acid at low cost. The method is a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid using 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid as a starting material, the method including a polymerization step of polymerizing 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid to generate a composition containing a 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer, and a step of generating (meth)acrylic acid from the composition containing the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer, the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer obtained in the polymerization step including trimer or higher order units, the trimer or higher order units constituting 3% by mass or more of a total of 100% by mass of the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid and the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer.1. A method for producing (meth)acrylic acid using 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid as a starting material, the method comprising: a polymerization step of polymerizing 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid so as to generate a composition comprising a 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer; and a step of generating (meth)acrylic acid from the composition comprising the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer, wherein the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer obtained in the polymerization step comprises trimer or higher order units, trimer to eicosamer units present in the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer constitute an amount in a range of 10% by mass or more relative to a total amount of the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid and the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer as 100% by mass, and the (meth)acrylic acid generation step comprises heating the composition so as to generate (meth)acrylic acid.","label":"Household","id":33}
{"sentence":"Method for production of acrylic acidA method for producing acrylic acid from an acrylic acid-containing solution of high concentration without performing azeotropic distillation is provided. This method of producing acrylic acid comprises steps of absorbing acrylic acid-containing gas, distilling the acrylic acid-containing solution without using an azeotropic solvent thereby obtaining crude acrylic acid as a column bottom stream and\/or a column side stream, and supplying the crude acrylic acid to a crystallizing step and melt crystallizing the crude acrylic acid thereby obtaining purified acrylic acid.1. A method for the production of acrylic acid, comprising the steps of a-1) obtaining an acrylic acid-containing gas by catalytic vapor phase oxidation of a raw material of acrylic acid, a-2) introducing said acrylic acid-containing gas into an absorption column, so as to allow said gas to contact an absorbing aqueous solution therein, to obtain an aqueous acrylic acid solution having not less than 85% by mass of acrylic acid content, a-3) cooling at least a part of a gas discharged from the top of the absorption column, and recycling the cooled gas to a catalytic oxidation reactor, wherein the cooling is in the range of 1–50° C. lower than when discharged from the top of the absorption column, a-4) recycling to step (a-2) at least a part of a condensed liquid obtained by cooling said discharged gas, b) distilling said acrylic acid-containing solution in the absence of an azeotropic solvent and obtaining crude acrylic acid as a column bottom stream and\/or a column side stream, and c) supplying said crude acrylic acid to a crystallization step and melt crystallizing said crude acrylic acid and obtaining purified acrylic acid.","label":"Process","id":34}
{"sentence":"RUBBER COMPOSITION AND PNEUMATIC TIREA rubber composition from which a vulcanized rubber suitable for producing, for example, a pneumatic tire having excellent abrasion resistance, breaking strength, rolling resistance, wet skid resistance, and the like can be prepared. The rubber composition comprises a rubber component (A) comprising a diene rubber comprising 20 mass % or more of a modified styrene-butadiene copolymer (a1) and 5 mass % or more of a modified conjugated diene polymer (a2), and a filler (B), wherein the modified conjugated diene polymer (a2) is a conjugated diene polymer obtained by modifying the active terminals of a conjugated diene polymer having a cis-1,4 bond content of 80% or higher, with an alkoxysilane compound, and the filler (B) comprises at least either of 2 to 100 mass parts, relative to 100 mass parts of the rubber component (A), of carbon black (b1) and 30 to 100 mass parts, relative to 100 mass parts of the rubber component (A), of silica (b2).13 . A rubber composition, comprising (A) a rubber component (A) comprising a diene rubber comprising 20 mass % or more of a modified styrene-butadiene copolymer (a1) which is an terminal-modified styrene-butadiene copolymer and 5 mass % or more of a modified conjugated diene polymer (a2), and (B) a filler (B), wherein the modified conjugated diene polymer (a2) is a polymer obtained by subjecting at least one active terminal of a conjugated diene polymer having a cis-1,4 bond content of 80% or higher, at least to primary modification with an alkoxysilane compound, and wherein the filler (B) comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of (b1) 2 to 100 mass parts, relative to 100 mass parts of the rubber component (A), of carbon black (b1) and (b2) 30 to 100 mass parts, relative to 100 mass parts of the rubber component (A), of silica (b2).","label":"Automobile","id":35}
{"sentence":"Preparation and use of functionalized elastomers in rubber compositions containing silica filler and tire components thereofThis invention relates to preparation and use of in situ functionalized elastomers in a rubber composition, namely post polymerization functionalization of elastomers, in rubber compositions containing precipitated silica filler reinforcement and tires having components thereof.1. A method of preparing a rubber composition comprises: (A) providing a blend comprised of, based on parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber (phr): (1) at least one sulfur vulcanizable diene-based elastomer, wherein said at least one of said diene-based elastomer(s) contains oxidative derived components randomly distributed on its elastomer chain by thermal oxidation comprised of at least one of aldehydes, ketones and epoxides; (2) from about 30 to about 150 phr of reinforcing filler comprised of a combination of precipitated silica and rubber reinforcing carbon black which contains at least about 30 phr of precipitated silica, together with a silica coupler for said precipitated silica having a moiety reactive with hydroxyl groups on said precipitated silica and another, different, moiety interactive with said diene-based elastomer(s), (B) functionalizing at least one of said diene-based elastomers containing said oxidative derived components with a functionalizing compound having a moiety capable of reacting with at least one of said oxidative derived components on said elastomer chain and another different moiety capable of reacting with hydroxyl groups on said precipitated silica by: (1) pretreatment of said oxidative component containing elastomer(s) with said functionalizing compound to form a functionalized elastomer thereof followed by mixing said functionalized elastomer with said rubber composition, or (2) treatment of said oxidative derived components contained on said elastomer(s) with said functionalizing compound in situ within said rubber composition to form a functionalized elastomer; wherein said functionalizing of said oxidative component containing elastomer(s) is conducted in the absence of compound(s) competing with said functionalization comprised of: (3) compound(s) containing at least one of primary and secondary amine groups, (4) compound(s) containing stable free radicals, and (5) compound(s) containing peroxide decomposing moieties; (C) Followed by blending with said rubber composition containing said functionalized elastomer(s) at least one compound containing at least one of primary and secondary amine groups; wherein said functionalizing compound for functionalizing said diene-based elastomer is an organoaminoalkoxysilane comprised of the general structural formula (II): wherein R1, R2and R3are independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2and R3is an ethoxy radical; R4is an alkylene group which contains from 1 through 8 carbon atoms; and R5is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms.","label":"Automobile","id":36}
{"sentence":"Dinuclear metallocene catalyst for preparing high molecular weight olefin polymerA novel dinuclear metallocene complex is disclosed, which is represented by the following formula (I): wherein M1and M2are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of Group IIIB, Group IVB and Group VB transition metals; each X is the same or different and is indepedently an anionic ligand with -1 valence, which is selected from the group consisting H, C1-20hydrocarbyl, halogen, C1-20alkoxy, C1-20aryloxy, NH2,NHR11,NR11R12,--(C=O)NH2,--(C=O)NHR13,and --(C=O)NR13R14,wherein R11,R12,R13and R14are C1-20alkyl; i is an integer from 1 to 3; j is an integer from 1 to 3, R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,and R8are the same or different and are independently H, a C1-20linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, or a C2-4cyclic hydrocarbylene group which forms a C4-6fused ring system; Y1and Y2are the same or different and each is an electron-donating group independently selected from a Group 15 or Group 16 element; R9and R10are the same or different and each is a divalent radical selected from (--C(R15)2--)p,(--Z(R15)2--)p,or (--Z(R15)2--C(R15)2--)p,Z being silicon, germanium, or tin, R15being C1-6alkyl, p being an integer from 1 to 4; R16is a divalent unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted cyclic alkylene group; and each R17is independently a C1-20linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group. By using the dinuclear metallocene complex as the catalyst, a high molecular weight olefin polymer can be obtained.1. A dinuclear metallocene complex which is represented by the following formula (I): wherein M1and M2are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 transition metals, each X is the same or different and is indepedently an anionic ligand with -1 valence, which is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-20hydrocarbyl, halogen, C1-20alkoxy, C1-20aryloxy, NH2,NHR11,NR11R12,--(C=O)NH2,--(C=O)NHR13,and --(C=O)NR13R14,wherein R11,R12,R13and R14are C1-20alkyl, i is an integer from 1 to 3, j is an integer from 1 to 3, R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8are the same or different and are independently H, a C1-20linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, or a C2-4cyclic hydrocarbylene group which forms a C4-6fused ring system, Y1and Y2are the same or different and each is an electron-donating group independently selected from a Group 15 or Group 16 element, R9and R10are the same or different and each is a divalent radical selected from (--C(R15)2--)p,(--Z(R15)2--)p,or (--Z(R15)2--C(R15)2--)p,Z being silicon, germanium, or tin, wherein R15is C1-6alkyl and p is an integer from 1 to 4, R16is a divalent unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted cyclic alkylene group, and each R17is independently a C1-20linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group.","label":"Catalyst","id":37}
{"sentence":"Preparation of ultra high molecular weight linear low density polyethyleneDisclosed is a method of preparing an ultra-high molecular weight, linear low density polyethylene with a catalyst system that comprises a bridged indenoindolyl transition metal complex, a non-bridged indenoindolyl transition metal complex, an alumoxane activator and a boron-containing activator. The ultra-high molecular weight, linear low density polyethylene has a weight average molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 and a density less than 0.940 g\/cm3.1. A method of preparing an ultra-high molecular weight, linear low density polyethylene, said method comprising polymerizing ethylene and a C3 to C10 α-olefin in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a bridged indenoindolyl transition metal complex, a non-bridged indenoindolyl transition metal complex, an alumoxane activator and a boron-containing activator, wherein the ultra-high molecular weight, linear low density polyethylene has a weight average molecular weight greater than 1,500,000 and a density less than or equal to 0.930 g\/cm3.","label":"Catalyst","id":38}
{"sentence":"Water-Absorbent Agent Composition and Method for Manufacturing SameA subject invention provides a water-absorbent agent composition superior in both liquid permeability and liquid updrawing property, which are conventionally incompatible. Moreover, the water-absorbent agent composition according to the present invention causes less decrease in liquid updrawing property. The water-absorbent agent composition according to the present invention contains as a main component a polycarboxylic acid water-absorbent agent having a crosslinking structure which is produced by polymerizing an acid-group-containing unsaturated monomer, the water-absorbent agent composition containing water-insoluble organic or inorganic fine particles, the water-absorbent agent composition satisfying the following set of conditions (a) through (e): (a) decreasing rate of a liquid distribution velocity (LDV) is not more than 30%; (b) saline flow conductivity (SFC) is not less than 60 (Unit: 10 −7cm3s\/g); (c) mass average particle diameter (D50) is 200 to 420 m; (d) logarithm standard deviation (σζ) of particle size distribution is 0.25 to 0.40; and (e) percentage of particles less than 150 μm in diameter is not more than 3 mass % with respect to the whole particle amount.1 . A water-absorbent agent composition containing as a main component a polycarboxylic acid water-absorbent agent having a crosslinking structure which is produced by polymerizing an acid-group-containing unsaturated monomer, the water-absorbent agent composition containing water-insoluble organic or inorganic fine particles, the water-absorbent agent composition satisfying the following set of conditions (a) through (e): (a) decreasing rate of a liquid distribution velocity (LDV) is not more than 30%; (b) saline flow conductivity (SFC) is not less than 60 (Unit: 10−7 cm3·s\/g); (c) mass average particle diameter (D50) is 200 to 420 μm; (d) logarithm standard deviation (σζ) of particle size distribution is 0.25 to 0.40; (e) percentage of particles less than 150 μm in diameter is not more than 3 mass % with respect to the whole particle amount.","label":"Household","id":39}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer foamAn improved superabsorbent polymer foam having a morphology to provide improved absorptive properties is disclosed. The foam preferably comprises a superabsorbent polymer formed from a substantially water-soluble, unsaturated monomer having neutralized carboxyl groups and a substantially water-soluble internal crosslinking agent. The monomer and crosslinking agent are expanded in the presence of a substantially water-insoluble blowing agent and a suitable solvent and reacted to form a superabsorbent polymer foam having substantially continuous, intercommunicating channels substantially throughout the foam and a relatively high surface area to mass ratio. Methods for making the foam and absorbent products, members and articles containing the foam are also disclosed.1. A superabsorbent polymer foam comprising a plurality of mutually connected struts of superabsorbent polymer material to form open cells, said foam having: (a) a surface area to mass ratio of at least about 0.2 m2\/g; (b) an average cell size of less than about 100 microns; and (c) a density of less than about 0.5 g\/cm3.","label":"Household","id":40}
{"sentence":"Homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamide N-substituted acrylamide or N-substituted methacrylamide solid state cross-linked with polyamines or polyolsCross-linked polymeric gels or films are prepared by dissolving in a suitable solvent a linear polymer or polymers at least one of which is predominantly (at least 80%) made from monomers containing pendant amidocarbonyl or oxycarbonyl groups. For the cross-linking reaction are present either hydroxyl groups, present as either pendant groups from the polymer, or as low molecular weight polyols; or amino groups, present as either pendant groups from the polymer, or as low molecular weight diamines or polyamines. Either no catalyst is present or a strongly acidic catalyst (which may also be a pendant group on a polymer) is used. The solvent is removed by coagulation and\/or drying and the dry material is heat-cured, thus cross-linking and insolubilizing the polymer or polymers.1. A post-cross linked polymer composition, which is identical to that produced by solid-state cross-linking at a suitable temperature of a composition formed from a solution comprising the following ingredients: (a) at least one polymer consisting of monomer units of acrylamide, N-substituted acrylamide, or N-substituted methacrylamide, the N-substituted acrylamide and N-substituted methacrylamide being substituted on N by one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-10-alkyl and C1-10-alkyl substituted by --SO3H, and wherein 80-100% of said monomer units in the polymer are the same; and (b) a low molecular weight polyol or polyamine selected from the group consisting of (i) alkane polyols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups, (ii) hydrazine and (iii) alkane diamines having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and wherein the polymer composition obtained is characterized by the following properties: (c) a tight concatenated structural network; (d) a high degree of cross-linking; (e) a swelling index of less than 5 in water; (f) a high degree of surface hydrophilicity; and (g) water insolubility.","label":"IndustConst","id":41}
{"sentence":"Aerogel particles and methods of making sameAerogel particles having a mean particle size less than 1 micron, products containing the same, processes of making the same, and uses thereof are described. A process of making the particle is also described wherein starting aerogel particles are homogenized or wet milled. The starting aerogel particles can be surface treated during the milling process to prevent agglomeration or aggregation. The aerogel particles can be used in a variety of products and applications.1. A method of making aerogel particles having a mean particle size of less than 1 micron comprising milling starting aerogel particles and treating the starting aerogel particles in a solution comprising one or more agents that prevent agglomeration during milling to form milled aerogel particles, and then drying said milled aerogel particles to obtain dried aerogel particles in an unagglomerated state, wherein the starting aerogel particles and the dried aerogel particles are hydrophobic aerogel particles, and wherein the dried aerogel particles have a thermal conductivity of less than about 40 mW\/m° K.","label":"IndustConst","id":42}
{"sentence":"Partially saponified triglycerides, their methods of manufacture and use as polymer additivesHomogeneous partially saponified triglycerides are made consisting essentially of metal salts or fatty acid and mono-, di- and triglycerides without the need for a compatibilizing additive. The PSTs are useful as lubricants, antistats and neutralizers for polymers. The PSTs are formed in situ by reacting a fat or oil under controlled conditions with a catalyst and at a sufficiently high temperature to achieve a homogeneous composition.1. A polymer composition comprising (a) a polymer selected from the group consisting of a vinyl halide resin and a polyolefin, and (b) an effective amount of a homogeneous partially saponified triglyceride composition as an antistat, a lubricant, or a neutralizer for said polymer, said homogeneous composition having components consisting essentially of about 5 to about 95 percent by weight of a metal salt of a fatty acid of said triglyceride, and about 95 to about 5 percent by weight of a mixture of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride derived from said triglyceride, said homogeneous composition achieved in the absence of a compatibilizing agent for said components.","label":"HouseConst","id":43}
{"sentence":"Molybdenum based complex oxide catalyst, its preparation method and useDisclosed are a molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst, its preparation method and use. The catalyst has the following general formula: BiMoxMyNzOa; wherein M is one of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, or a mixture of two or more of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu in any ratio; N is one of Na, K, Cs, Ca and Ba, or a mixture of two or more of Na, K, Cs, Ca and Ba in any ratio; x=0.5˜20; y=0.05˜20; z=0.01˜5; a is a number satisfying the valance of each atom. The catalyst is prepared by the following method: firstly mixing a certain amount of the lead metal oxides according to the chemical proportion and then grinding the mixture with high-energy ball milling for a period of time to obtain the molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst. The catalyst exhibits excellent performance when using for preparation of butadiene by oxidative dehydrogenation of butene, and the preparation process is simple, controllable, and repeatable. Waste water or waste gas that is difficult to be treated is not produced during preparation.1. A molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst having the following formula: BiMoxMyNzOa wherein M is one of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu; N is one of Na, K, Cs, Ca and Ba, or a mixture of two or more thereof in any ratio; x=0.5-20; y=0.05-20; z=0.01-5; a is a number satisfying the valance of each atom; wherein the catalyst is prepared by the method comprising the steps of: (1) weighing bismuth molybdate and oxide precursors of other metal elements according to the proportions of ingredients in the above formula, grinding and sieving to obtain a mixture; (2) transferring the mixture to a ball mill jar, ball milling same to produce the molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst.","label":"Catalyst","id":44}
{"sentence":"Thermoplastic resin composition and molded article using the sameProvided is a thermoplastic resin composition that comprises (A) a graft copolymer; (B) a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate; (C) an alkyl (meth)acrylate-aromatic vinyl-vinyl cyanide copolymer; and (D) an impact-reinforcing agent, wherein the graft copolymer (A) comprises an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer grafted on a core part comprising a rubbery polymer.1. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising (A) a graft copolymer; (B) a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate; (C) an alkyl (meth)acrylate-aromatic vinyl-vinyl cyanide copolymer; and (D) an impact-reinforcing agent, wherein the graft copolymer (A) comprises an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer grafted on a core part comprising a rubbery polymer, wherein the graft copolymer (A) comprises 40 to 70 wt% of the core part and 30 to 60 wt% of the grafted aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer, and wherein the impact-reinforcing agent is an alkyl (meth)acrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) based copolymer.","label":"Automobile","id":45}
{"sentence":"Impact resistant LLDPE composition and films made thereofA novel PE material is devised showing excellent mechanical\/optical properties and process ability, e.g. for film extrusion. The polyethylene of the invention is produced in one single e.g. gas phase reactor.1. A film comprising: a polyethylene composition comprising a first polyethylene comprising at least one C3-C20-olefin-comonomer, wherein the polyethylene composition has a density from 0.90 to 0.935 g\/cm3, a normalized shear thinning index SHI*(0.1 rad\/s) less than 0.95 with SHI*(ω)=η*(ω)\/η0, a molecular mass distribution from 3 to 5, and a dart drop impact value, as measured by ASTM D 1709:2005 Method A on 25 μm blown films, of at least 1200 g.","label":"HouseConst","id":46}
{"sentence":"Process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acidThere is provided a process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid which is capable of avoiding stoppage of operation of a plant for production thereof as a whole due to failure of an oxidation reaction step in the process and ensuring a continuous stable operation of the plant, and is excellent in economical aspects. The process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid according to the present invention sequentially comprises an oxidation reaction step of subjecting a raw gas to gas-phase catalytic oxidation; a reaction gas cooling step of cooling the resultant reaction gas; a low-boiling fraction separation step of separating low-boiling components from the reaction product; a purification step of separating and removing high-boiling components from the reaction product; and a high-boiling fraction decomposition step of decomposing high-boiling components contained in a bottom liquid obtained from the purification step, said oxidation reaction step comprising a plurality of oxidation reaction steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.1 . A process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid which sequentially comprises an oxidation reaction step of subjecting a raw gas to gas-phase catalytic oxidation; a reaction gas cooling step of cooling the resultant reaction gas; a low-boiling fraction separation step of separating low-boiling components from the reaction product; a purification step of separating and removing high-boiling components from the reaction product; and a high-boiling fraction decomposition step of decomposing high-boiling components contained in a bottom liquid obtained from the purification step, said oxidation reaction step comprising a plurality of oxidation reaction steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.","label":"Process","id":47}
{"sentence":"Compositions and insulation bodies having low thermal conductivityThe present invention relates to particulate compositions having improved thermal conductivity values. An embodiment of the present invention is a particulate composition which under a 103421 Pa load, at 20° C., and at a pressure (P) within the range of 133.322-13332.2 Pa, in Nitrogen, has: a packing density of less than or equal to 160 kg\/m3, and a Thermal Conductivity (TC) at 133.322-1333.22 Pa of less than or equal to (0.260 lnP+4.53) milliWatt\/meterK (mW\/m·K) and a TC at 1333.22-13332.2 Pa of less than or equal to (0.824 lnP+0.47) mW\/m·K. A preferred particulate composition is a gel composition. Also disclosed are insulation bodies comprising the particulate compositions.1. A particulate composition comprising metal oxide, which under a 103421 Pa load, at 20° C., and at a pressure within the range of 133.322-13332.2 Pa, in Nitrogen, has: a packing density of less than or equal to 160 kg\/M3,and a Thermal Conductivity at 133.322-1333.22 Pa of less than or equal to (0.260 lnP+4.53) milliWatt\/meterK and a Thermal Conductivity at 1333.22-13332.2 Pa of less than or equal to (0.824 lnP+0.47) milliWatt\/meterK.","label":"IndustConst","id":48}
{"sentence":"Multifunction fractionation column for adsorptive separation processesConstruction and operational costs of simulated moving bed adsorptive separation process units are reduced by recovering desorbent from both the extract and raffinate streams of the process in a single column. Both streams are fractionated in the same column to recover desorbent, which is removed at the bottom of the column. The bottom of the column is divided into a reboiler sump section and a bottoms product-desorbent inventory section, with this reducing the equipment required in the overall process.1. An adsorptive separation process which comprises: a.) passing a feed stream comprising a first and a second chemical compound into an adsorption zone comprising a bed of a selective adsorbent maintained at adsorption promoting conditions under which the first chemical compound is selectively retained on a quantity of the selective adsorbent, thus forming a raffinate stream comprising the second chemical compound and a desorbent compound formerly present in the quantity of the selective adsorbent; b.) passing a first desorbent stream comprising a desorbent compound into contact with said quantity of the selective adsorbent which has retained the first chemical compound under desorption promoting conditions to yield an extract stream comprising the desorbent compound and the first chemical compound; c.) passing the raffinate stream into an intermediate point of a first vertical fractionation zone of a fractionation column operated at fractionation conditions and divided into at least a first fractionation zone and a substantially parallel second fractionation zone, with each zone having an upper first end and a lower second end located within the fractionation column, with the first and second fractionation zones being in open communication at their lower ends, with the fractionation column also containing an undivided fractionation section extending downward from the point of open communication between the first and second fractionation zones, and with the column having a lower portion located below the first and second fractionation zones and divided by a vertical wall into a desorbent storage volume and a reboiler liquid volume; d.) passing the extract stream into an intermediate point of the second fractionation zone of the fractionation column; e.) recovering a raffinate product stream from an upper portion of the first fractionation zone; f.) recovering an extract product stream from an upper portion of the second fractionation zone, with the upper end of the second fractionation zone not being in communication with the first fractionation zone; g.) removing an second desorbent stream comprising the desorbent compound from the desorbent storage volume of the fractionation column, and passing the second desorbent stream into a liquid flow control device used to control the flow of desorbent into the adsorption zone.","label":"Process","id":49}
{"sentence":"Manufacturing and Installation of Insulated Pipes or Elements ThereofInsulated pipe systems or assemblies include a particulate, composite or monolithic insulating aerogel material. Techniques for installing or manufacturing such systems or assemblies are described, as are components useful in the installation or manufacture processes.1 . A system comprising: a. an inner pipe structure; b. an outer pipe structure c. an insert having a plurality of holes for directing gas at a moving surface of at least one of the inner pipe structure and the outer pipe structure.","label":"IndustConst","id":50}
{"sentence":"Heteropolyacid-type catalyst composition containing whiskersA catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength comprising a compound containing a heteropolyacid as a base and whiskers.1. A catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength consisting essentially of a compound containing a heteropolyacid aa a base and from about 1 to about 50% by weight of the catalyst composition of whiskers having an average diameter of not more than 5 microns and an average length of not more than 1000 microns.","label":"Catalyst","id":51}
{"sentence":"CATALYST FOR GLYCERIN DEHYDRATION, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACROLEIN, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACRYLIC ACID, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROPHILIC RESIN EACH USING THE CATALYSTA catalyst for glycerin dehydration of the present invention comprises boron phosphate or a rare-earth metal phosphate, wherein a molar ratio P\/B of phosphorus (P) to boron (B) or a molar ratio P\/R of phosphorus (P) to a rare-earth metal (R) is more than 1.0 and 2.0 or less. An another catalyst for glycerin dehydration of the present invention comprises a combination of boron phosphate and a metal element or a combination of a rare-earth metal phosphate and a metal element other than a rare-earth metal, wherein a molar ratio M\/(P+B) of a metal element (M) to phosphorus (P) and boron (B) or a molar ratio M\/(P+R) of a metal element (M) to phosphorus (P) and a rare-earth metal (R) is more than 0.00005 and 0.5 or less.1 . A catalyst for glycerin dehydration, comprising boron phosphate or a rare-earth metal phosphate, wherein a molar ratio P\/B of phosphorus (P) to boron (B) or a molar ratio P\/R of phosphorus (P) to a rare-earth metal (R) is more than 1.0 and 2.0 or less.","label":"Catalyst","id":52}
{"sentence":"Diene copolymer substituted by alkoxy silane, and organic and inorganic hybrid composition comprising the sameThe present invention relates to alkoxysilane-substituted diene copolymers, organic and inorganic hybrid complex compositions comprising the same and a process for the preparation of the same. The alkoxysilane-substituted diene copolymers are prepared by reacting a diene copolymer substituted by epoxy or hydroxy groups with a silane compound. Thus prepared alkoxysilane-substituted diene copolymer is characterized by the facts that it is in organic solvents and it is capable of being cured at low temperatures. The present invention also relates to a composition prepared by mixing the said copolymer with inorganic fillers and\/or coupling agents. The copolymer of the formula (1) has high reactivity with coupling agents since it possesses reactive silane groups and thus provides the diene polymer composition as having improved compatibility with inorganic fillers. In addition, when the copolymer of the formula (1) is added to a sol-gel reactant, a substitution reaction proceeds smoothly even under mild reaction conditions and thus it is possible to introduce the third functional group to copolymer blocks.1. An alkoxysilane-substituted diene copolymer of formula (1) wherein R1,R6,and R7are the same or different from each other, and are each independently H, a lower alkyl having 10 or fewer carbon atoms, a fluoro group, or an unsubstituted or substituted benzene group, R2,R4,and R5are the same or different from each other, and are each independently H, a lower alkyl group having 10 or fewer carbon atoms, a fluoro group, an unsubstituted or substituted benzene group, or an ether and\/or an ester having 10 or fewer carbon atoms, wherein the lower alkyl group is optionally substituted with a halogen, a hydroxyl group, a vinyl group and\/or an acrylic group, R3is W[(C(R1)2]n,wherein W is CO, CONHCO, or NHCO and n is an integer from 0 to 10, x, y, and z are each, independently of each other, a number more than 0 and represent a weight ratio, and m is an integer from 0 to 3.","label":"Automobile","id":53}
{"sentence":"Ethylene homopolymers with a reverse short chain branch distributionDisclosed herein are ethylene homopolymers generally characterized by a density of less than 0.94 g\/cm3and an inverse short chain branch distribution. These homopolymers can be further characterized by a ratio of Mw\/Mn from 2 to 100, a number of short chain branches from 2 to 20 short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms, and wherein at least 50% of the short chain branches are methyl branches.1. An ethylene homopolymer having: a density of less than or equal to about 0.925 g\/cm3; a number of short chain branches (SCB'ss) in a range from about 3 to about 15 SCB'ss per 1000 total carbon atoms; and a number of SCB'ss per 1000 total carbon atoms of the homopolymer at Mw that is greater than at Mn; wherein at least about 50% of the SCB'ss are methyl branches.","label":"HouseConst","id":54}
{"sentence":"WATER-ABSORBENT RESIN SUITABLE FOR USE IN HYGIENIC MATERIALSThe present invention provides a water-absorbent resin produced by a reversed-phase suspension polymerization method, which contains a small amount of a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium remaining therein used in reversed-phase suspension polymerization, and thus reducing an odor originating from the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium, when the water-absorbent resin absorbs water, and also which is suitable for use in hygienic materials; an absorbent material and an absorbent article. More particularly, the present invention provides a water-absorbent resin obtained by subjecting an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to reversed-phase suspension polymerization in a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a surfactant, wherein the amount of the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium remaining in the water-absorbent resin is 2,000 ppm or less; and an absorbent material and an absorbent article using the same.1 . A water-absorbent resin obtained by subjecting an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to reversed-phase suspension polymerization in a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a surfactant, wherein the amount of the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium remaining in the water-absorbent resin is 2,000 ppm or less.","label":"Household","id":55}
{"sentence":"Method for producing conjugated diene polymer, conjugated diene polymer, and polymer compositionA method for producing a conjugated diene polymer is provided that includes a step of polymerizing a conjugated diene-containing monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, thus giving a polymer having a catalyst-derived alkali metal at one terminus of a polymer chain comprising a conjugated diene-based monomer unit, and a step of reacting the polymer obtained in the step of polymerizing and a trialkoxysilane compound represented by the formula below.    (In the formula, M denotes an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1, R2, and R3independently denote an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m denotes an integer of 1 to 5, and n denotes an integer of 0 to 5.) There are also provided a conjugated diene polymer produced by the production method, and a polymer composition containing a rubber component that includes the conjugated diene polymer and carbon black and\/or silica, the total content of the carbon black and the silica being 5 to 200 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.1. A method for producing a conjugated diene polymer, the method comprising step 1 and step 2 below: step 1: a step of polymerizing a conjugated diene-containing monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, thus giving a polymer having a catalyst-derived alkali metal at one terminus of a polymer chain comprising a conjugated diene-based monomer unit; and step 2: a step of reacting the polymer obtained in step 1 and a trialkoxysilane compound represented by Formula (A) below, wherein M denotes an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1, R2, and R3independently denote an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m denotes an integer of 1 to 5, and n denotes an integer of 0 to 5.","label":"Automobile","id":56}
{"sentence":"Catalyst yield from supported metallocene catalystsThe present invention provides a catalyst and a process for increased catalyst activity and polymer yield. The catalyst system used in the process includes at least two supported metallocene catalyst precursor in combination with an oxyorganoaluminum. The process can be applied to the polymerization of olefins, preferably olefin of three carbon atoms and higher, particularly propylene. The catalyst activity and polymer yield for a dual supported metallocene catalyst are increased over that for a single supported metallocene catalyst. The polymer produced by this dual supported metallocene system has a relatively broad molecular weight distribution.1. A process for the polymerization of propylene consisting of: (a) selecting two syndiospecific metallocene catalyst precursors of the formula: [Equation] R&quot;b(CpR5-b) (CpR's5-b)MR*v-2 where R&quot; is a bridge imparting stereorigidity to the structure to the metallocene by connecting the two cyclopentadienyl rings, b is 1, Cp is a cyclopentadienyl ring, R and R's are substituents on the cyclopentadienyl rings and are a hydride or a hydrocarbyl from 1-9 carbon atoms, each R and R's being the same or different, each (CpR5-b) and (CpR's5-b) are different and bilateral symmetry exists for (CpR5-b) for the distal substituents, M is a Group IIIB, IVB, VB or VIB metal, R* is a hydride, a halogen or a hydrocarbyl from 1-20 carbon atoms, v is the valence of M, wherein each metallocene catalyst precursor is different; (b) supporting the metallocene catalyst precursors on a silica treated with an oxyorganoaluminum compound; (c) contacting the supported metallocene catalyst with an aluminum alkyl to activate the catalyst; (d) introducing said catalyst into a polymerization reaction zone containing propylene; (e) withdrawing a polypropylene product.","label":"Catalyst","id":57}
{"sentence":"Caps and closuresThis invention discloses caps and closures produced by injection molding with a bimodal high density polyethylene (HDPE) resin comprising a low molecular weight, high density polyethylene fraction substantially free of comonomer and a high molecular weight, low density polyethylene fraction, having a molecular weight distribution of at least 3.5, preferably greater than 4.0, prepared in two reactors connected in series in the presence of a metallocene-containing catalyst system, wherein the metallocene comprises a bisindenyl or a bis-tetrahydrogenated-indenyl component.1. A process for preparing an article comprising: injection molding a bimodal high density polyethylene (HDPE) resin having a molecular weight distribution (MWD), defined by the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn), of at least 4.0 and of up to 6.0; wherein the bimodal HDPE resin comprises two polyethylene fractions A and B, fraction A being substantially free of comonomer and having a lower weight average molecular weight and a higher density than fraction B, each fraction prepared in different reactors of two reactors connected in series in the presence of a metallocene-containing catalyst system; wherein when fraction A is prepared in the first reactor of the two reactors connected in series, the ratio of the MI2 of fraction A to the MI2 of the bimodal HDPE resin is in the range of 1.05 to 2000; wherein when fraction B is prepared in the first reactor of the two reactors connected in series, the ratio of the HLMI of fraction B to the MI2 of the bimodal HDPE resin is in the range of 0.06 to 0.95; and wherein the metallocene is selected from at least one of the following formula (I) or (II): wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from hydrogen or XR′v in which X is chosen from carbon, silicon, germanium, oxygen or nitrogen, and each R′ is the same or different and is chosen from hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and v+1 is the valence of X; wherein R″ is a structural bridge between the two indenyl or tetrahydrogenated indenyls to impart stereorigidity that comprises a C1-C4 alkylene radical, a dialkyl germanium, silicon or siloxane, or an alkyl phosphine or amine radical; wherein Q is a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen; and wherein M is a transition metal Group 4 of the Periodic Table or vanadium.","label":"Catalyst","id":58}
{"sentence":"Polymerization processVinyl monomers are polymerized in high yield to water-soluble polymers or copolymers by free radical polymerization of an aqueous reaction mixture containing the vinyl monomer(s), an UV-activated photoinitiator and a heat-activated chemical initiator. The polymerization is initially carried out by exposing the monomer mixture to UV radiation to activate the photoinitiator and then is carried out under the influence of free radicals produced by the chemical initiator.1. A method of polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer to a particulate, water-soluble, substantially linear polymer or copolymer, which comprises: forming an aqueous monomer solution mixture having a pH of about 3 to about 7 comprising at least one vinyl monomer polymerizable to said water soluble polymer or copolymer, an ultraviolet-decomposable free radical initiator capable of producing free radicals upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and a chemical free radical initiator capable of producing free radicals upon heating above a predetermined temperature, initiating polymerization of said at least one monomer by irradiating said monomer mixture with long wavelength ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength from about 300 to about 400 nm, permitting said polymerization to be effected while said monomer mixture increases in temperature to said predetermined temperature, so as to activate said chemical initiator, discontinuing said irradiation and permitting said polymerization of said at least one monomer to be effected above said predetermined temperature until complete while maintaining the maximum temperature of said monomer mixture in the range of about 60° C. to about 90° C. to obtain the polymer in a yield exceeding 99%, and particulating the polymer so produced.","label":"Household","id":59}
{"sentence":"Removal and neutralization of acid catalyst from products of cumene hydroperoxide cleavageThe present invention is an improved method for the recovery of phenol from a cleavage mass resulting from the sulfuric acid cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide comprising neutralizing the cleavage mass, forming an aqueous phase and an organic phase, separating the organic phase into an acetone-rich stream and a phenol-rich stream, removing phenol tars from the phenol-rich stream and cracking the phenol tars wherein the improvement comprises maintaining the pH of the cleavage mass during neutralization between 4.0 and about 4.9 whereby the sulfuric acid is converted to the bisulfate salt and substantially no free sulfuric acid remains in the cleavage mass and corrosion of process equipment is reduced. As a result of this improved process, a phenol tar waste stream containing less than about 4 parts per million by weight of chromium is obtained.1. An improved method for the recovery of phenol from a cleavage mass resulting from the sulfuric acid cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide comprising neutralizing the cleavage mass, forming an aqueous phase and an organic phase, separating the organic phase into an acetone-rich stream and a phenol-rich stream removing phenol tars from the phenol-rich stream and cracking the phenol tars wherein the improvement comprises maintaining the pH of the cleavage mass during neutralization between 4.0 and about 4.9 whereby the sulfuric acid is converted to the bisulfate salt and substantially no free sulfuric acid remains in the cleavage mass and corrosion of process equipment is reduced.","label":"Process","id":60}
{"sentence":"NOVEL PLASTICIZER FOR A POLYVINYL CHLORIDE RESINThe present invention relates to an ester compound using alicyclic polyhydric acid and to a plasticizer for plastics, particularly, polyvinylchloride (PVC), including the ester compound More particularly, the present invention relates to a plasticizer, which is derived by the esterification reaction of alicyclic polyhydric acid and alcohol. When a polyvinylchloride resin is manufactured using the plasticizer, there are advantages in that the obtained products are excellent in terms of plasticizing efficiency, and in that their physical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength and the like, can be improved.1 . An asymmetric ester plasticizer, represented by Formula 1 below: wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted ring-shaped, branch-chain or straight-chain alkyl group of 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms.","label":"HouseConst","id":61}
{"sentence":"Fractionation tray formed by triangular downcomer modulesHigh capacity, low cost fractionation trays are formed from a number of adjacent triangular (v-shaped) downcomer modules. The trays are free of the horizontal perforated decking surface of conventional trays. The downcomer modules have perforations only in a bottom region for liquid passage and in an upper region for vapor passage, with the central portion of the two inclined downcomer sidewalls being imperforate. The difference in elevation between the bottom region and upper region is considerably larger than a ripple tray. A layer of packing material may be provided close to or adjacent the bottom surface of the tray.1. A fractionation tray adapted for being mounted in a horizontal plane in a vertical fractionation column, said tray having upper and lower surfaces and comprising a perforated tray deck formed entirely from a plurality of adjacent triangular downcomer modules and substantially free of horizontal planar imperforate or perforate areas; with each downcomer module comprising a pair of planar sidewalls which are inclined at substantially equal angles from the plane of the tray and joined together to form sealed top and bottom regions of the downcomer module separated by an imperforate central region; with two rows of perforations being located in each of the downcomer module sidewalls, with one row of said perforations being located respectively in each of the top and bottom regions of the downcomer modules with the perforations in the bottom region being larger than the perforations in the upper region of the sidewalls, and with the perforations in the upper region of each downcomer module sidewall having a greater total area than the larger perforations in the lower region of the corresponding downcomer module sidewall.","label":"Process","id":62}
{"sentence":"Process for producing catalysts for the production of methacrylic acidIn a method of producing a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid, which has a composition of the following formula (1), when mixing 100 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid A) containing molybdenum atoms, phosphorous atoms and vanadium atoms in which the content of ammonium species is 0 to 1.5 mol relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms, 5 to 300 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid B) containing 6 to 17 mol of ammonium species relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms contained in the liquid A and a solution or a slurry (liquid C) containing an element Z such as cesium, the liquid B is mixed with the liquid A, the liquid C or a mixture of the liquid A and the liquid C over 0.1 to 15 minutes  PaMobVcCudXeYfZgOh  (1).1. A method of producing a catalyst, having a composition of the following formula (1), wherein said catalyst is useful for production of methacrylic acid by subjecting methacrolein to vapor phase catalytic oxidization with molecular oxygen, said method comprising mixing 100 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid A), containing molybdenum atoms, phosphorous atoms and vanadium atoms, in which the content of ammonium species is 0 to 1.5 mol relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms, 5 to 300 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid B), containing 6 to 17 mol of ammonium species relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms contained in the solution A, and a solution or a slurry (liquid C), containing an element Z, wherein the liquid B is mixed with the liquid A, the liquid C or a mixture of the liquid A and the liquid C over a period of 0.1 to 15 minutes: PaMobVcCudXeYfZgOh  (1), wherein P, Mo, V, Cu and O represent phosphorous, molybdenum, vanadium, copper and oxygen, respectively; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic, germanium, zirconium, tellurium, silver, selenium, silicon, tungsten and boron; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, cobalt, manganese, barium, gallium, cerium and lanthanum; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium and cesium; a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent an atomic ratio of each element, and when b=12, a=0.5 to 3, c=0.01 to 3, d=0.01 to 2, e=0 to 3, f=0 to 3 and g=0.01 to 3, and h represents an atomic ratio of oxygen necessary for satisfying the valence of each of the above-mentioned components.","label":"Catalyst","id":63}
{"sentence":"Dividing wall column control systemThe operation of the dividing wall section of a dividing wall column is controlled by a control apparatus comprising a ratio controller which divides the liquid flowing into the dividing wall section. The rate of return of overhead liquid to the column is set by monitoring the temperature in the top of the product dividing wall section and the sidecut product draw rate is set by monitoring a temperature in the bottom of the product dividing wall section.1. A dividing wall fractional distillation column having a vertical central portion divided into a feed section and a parallel product section by a dividing wall, the parallel feed and product sections having upper and lower ends, the dividing wall fractional distillation column comprising: a.) an upper section containing vapor-liquid contacting devices; b.) an overhead condensing system in which vapor rising from the upper section of the column is at least partially condensed and an overhead liquid is produced; c.) a first flow control valve which controls the flow of a portion of said overhead liquid into the upper section of the column as reflux; d.) a first temperature sensor, which monitors the temperature in the upper end of the product section of the column and generates a signal used in controlling the operation of the first flow control valve; e.) a first liquid collection system located in an upper portion of the column below the upper section and above the dividing wall, the first liquid collection system blocking downward liquid flow through substantially all of the cross section of the column; f.) a first conduit providing fluid communication with the feed section, and a second conduit providing fluid communication with the product section; g.) a flow ratio controller which controls the division of liquid collected in the first liquid collection system into separate streams which flow via the first and second conduits into the feed and product sections of the column; h.) a second liquid collection system, which is located in an intermediate portion of the product section of the column, with the second liquid collection system having a liquid collection well from which a side product is removed from the column; i.) a second flow control valve which controls the rate of side product removal in response to a second signal; j.) a second temperature sensor, which monitors the temperature in the lower end of the product section of the column and generates the second signal used in controlling the operation of the second flow control valve; k.) a control system for regulating the heat input to the column by a reboiler system located at the bottom of the column; and l.) a flow control system for regulating the rate at which a net bottoms product is removed from the column.","label":"Process","id":64}
{"sentence":"Plastisol composition and container closure gasket made therefromA plastisol composition containing as the resin component a copolymer of a normal α-olefin and maleic anhydride (1:1 mole ratio) having the structure WHEREIN B is a member of the group consisting of and the hydrolysis product thereof, R is H or CxH2x+1,x is 1 to 16 and n is 2-300, and a plasticizer for said resin component. The plastisol when fluxed can be used as a closure gasket for containers.1. A plastisol composition comprising (a) a copolymer resin of a normal α-olefin and maleic anhydride (1:1 mole ratio) having a particle size in the range from about 0.1 to about 1500 microns and having the structure wherein B is a member of the group consisting of and R is II or CxH2x+1'sx is 1 to 16 and n is 2-300, and (b) 65-600 parts\/100 parts copolymer of a polyepoxide plasticizer.","label":"HouseConst","id":65}
{"sentence":"DEODORIZATION OF PEROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS USING CHAOTROPIC AGENTSTreated peroxycarboxylic acid compositions and methods of using the same are provided to eliminate or reduce malodors associated therewith. Peroxycarboxylic acid compositions are treated with odor reducing agents, including various chaototropic agents. The invention further relates to methods employing the reduced odor peroxycarboxylic acid compositions.1 . A reduced odor, peroxycarboxylic acid composition comprising: at least one peroxycarboxylic acid; an odor removal agent; and water; wherein the odor removal agent is a nitrogen-containing agent that is effective for reducing odor of the peroxycarboxylic acid composition by disrupting an azeotrope mixture of the water and the peroxycarboxylic acid in the peroxycarboxylic acid composition to reduce vapor from the peroxycarboxylic acid composition; wherein the composition does not contain amine oxide; and wherein the odor removal agent is present in a molar ratio of odor removing agent to peroxycarboxylic acid from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1.","label":"Household","id":66}
{"sentence":"HydroformylationOlefins having at least 6 carbon atoms are bydroformylated in the presence of a homogenous catalyst in a continuous process in which a) a vertical tall cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) whose interior space is divided by means of internals ( 2 ). into at least two reaction chambers which extend essentially in the longitudinal direction of the reactor is used, b) at least one olefin is introduced into the reactor together with synthesis gas at the lower end of the first reaction chamber, c) a partially reacted reaction mixture is conveyed from the upper end of a reaction chamber to the lower end of a next reaction chamber; and d) the hydroformylated olefin is taken off at the upper end of the last reaction chamber. The process allows a high conversion at a given reactor volume.1. A vertical cylindrical reactor having a ratio of length to diameter of from about 3:1 to 30:1 for the hydroformylation of olefins having at least 6 carbon atoms wherein said hydroformylation is performed in the presence of a homogenous catalyst, comprising: a) internals by which the interior space of the reactor is divided into at least two reaction chambers which extend essentially in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, the internals being configured as at least one cylinder which is closed at both ends, the at least two reaction chambers comprising a first reaction chamber and a last reaction chamber, b) an inlet in a lower end of the first reaction chamber for introduction of at least one olefin together with synthesis gas, the inlet comprising at least one mixing nozzle for mixing at least one olefin with synthesis gas, c) a recirculator for the recirculation of fluid from an upper end of the first reaction chamber to lower end of a next of the reactions chambers, without back-mixing with a content of the first reaction chamber, the recirculation being configured as at least one down-pipe so that the upper edge of the down pipe keeps the liquid\/gas phase boundary in the first reaction chamber constant such that if the liquid level drops below the upper edge of the down-pipe, more unreacted synthesis gas is passed through the down-pipe into the next reaction chamber until the liquid level again reaches the upper edge of the down-pipe, and vice versa, and d) an outlet for taking off hydroformylated olefin at an upper end of the last reaction chamber.","label":"Process","id":67}
{"sentence":"Catalyst composition for preparation of polyethyleneCatalysts suitable for preparation of a polyethylene which comprises ethylene homopolymers and\/or copolymers of ethylene with 1-alkenes and has a molar mass distribution width Mw\/Mn of from 5 to 30, a density of from 0.92 to 0.955 g\/cm3, a weight average molar mass Mw of from 50000 g\/mol to 500 000 g\/mol and has from 0.01 to 20 branches\/1000 carbon atoms and a z-average molar mass Mz of less than 1 million g\/mol.1. A catalyst system comprising: A) at least one polymerization catalyst based on a hafnocene (A); B) at least one polymerization catalyst (B) based on an iron component with at least one ligand of the general formulae (IV):  where: E2C-E4Care each, independently of one another, carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus; R1C-R3Care each, independently of one another, hydrogen C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl, C6-C22-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, halogen, NR18C2, OR18C, SiR19C3, where the organic radicals R1C-R3Cmay also be substituted by halogens and\/or two vicinal radicals R1C-R3Cmay also be joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring, and\/or two vicinal radicals R1C-R3Care joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle containing at least one atom from the group consisting of N, P, O and S; R4C-R5Care each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl, C6-C22-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, NR18C2, SiR19C3, where the organic radicals R4C-R5Cmay also be substituted by halogens, u is 0 when E2C-E4Cis nitrogen or phoshorus and is 1 when E2C-E4Cis carbon; R8C-R11Care each, independently of one another, C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl, C6-C22-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, halogen, NR18C2, OR18C, SiR19C3, where the organic radicals R8C-R11Cmay also be substituted by halogens and\/or two vicinal radicals R8C-R17Cmay also be joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring, and\/or two vicinal radicals R8C-R17Care joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle containing at least one atom from the group consisting of N, P, O and S, and with the proviso that at least R8Cand R10Care halogen or a tertiary alkyl group having up to 22 carbon atoms; R12C-R17Care each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl, C6-C22-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, halogen, NR18C2, OR18C, SiR19C3, where the organic radicals R12C-R17Cmay also be substituted by halogens and\/or two vicinal radicals R8C-R17Cmay also be joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring, and\/or two vicinal radicals R8C-R17Care joined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle containing at least one atom from the group consisting of N, P, O and S; the radicals XCare each, independently of one another, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C6-C20-aryl, alkylaryl having 1-10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, NR18C2, OR18C, SR18C, SO3R18C, OC(O)R18C, CN, SCN, β-diketonate, CO, BF4−, PF6− or a bulky noncoordinating anion and the radicals XCmay be joined to one another; the radicals R18Care each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C6-C20-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, SiR19C3, where the organic radicals R18Cmay also be substituted by halogens and nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups and two radicals R18Cmay also be joined to form a five- or six-membered ring; the radicals R19Care each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C6-C20-aryl, alkylaryl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 6-20 carbon atoms in the aryl part, where the organic radicals R19Cmay also be substituted by halogens or nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups and two radicals R19Cmay also be joined to form a five- or six-membered ring; s is 1, 2, 3 or 4; D is an uncharged donor; and t is from 0 to 4; C) an aluminoxane; D) a support consisting of an inorganic oxide; and E) optionally at least one metal compound of a metal of group 1, 2 or 13 of the Periodic Table.","label":"HouseConst","id":68}
{"sentence":"Compositions of ethylene\/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer for blown films with high hot tackThe present invention relates to film layers and compositions having improved hot tack properties. The compositions comprise at least one ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer, wherein the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer may have, for example, a Mw\/Mn from about 1.7 to about 3.5, at least one melting point, Tm, in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams\/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Tm and d correspond to the relationship:  Tm>−2002.9+4538.5(d)−2422.2(d)2.1. A composition exhibiting high hot tack comprising at least one ethylene\/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer, wherein the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer comprises at least 60 mole percent ethylene and: (a) has a Mw\/Mn from about 1.7 to about 3.5, at least one melting point, Tm, in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams\/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Tm and d correspond to the relationship: Tm>−2002.9 +4538.5(d)−2422.2(d)2; or (b) has a Mw\/Mn from about 1.7 to about 3.5, and is characterized by a heat of fusion, ΔH in J\/g, and a delta quantity, ΔT, in degrees Celsius defined as the temperature difference between the tallest DSC peak and the tallest CRYSTAF peak, wherein the numerical values of ΔT and ΔH have the following relationships: ΔT>−0.1299(ΔH)+62.81 for ΔH greater than zero and up to 130 J\/g, ΔT≧48° C. for ΔH greater than 130 J\/g, wherein the CRYSTAF peak is determined using at least 5 percent of the cumulative polymer, and if less than 5 percent of the polymer has an identifiable CRYSTAF peak, then the CRYSTAF temperature is 30° C.; or (c) is characterized by an elastic recovery, Re, in percent at 300 percent strain and 1 cycle measured with a compression-molded film of the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer, and has a density, d, in grams\/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship when ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer is substantially free of a cross-linked phase: Re>1481−1629(d); or (d) has a molecular fraction which elutes between 40° C. and 130° C. when fractionated using TREF, characterized in that the fraction has a molar comonomer content of at least 5 percent higher than that of a comparable random ethylene interpolymer fraction eluting between the same temperatures, wherein said comparable random ethylene interpolymer has the same comonomer(s) and has a melt index, density, and molar comonomer content (based on the whole polymer) within 10 percent of that of the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer; or (e) has a storage modulus at 25° C., G′(25° C.), and a storage modulus at 100° C., G′(100° C.), wherein the ratio of G′(25° C.) to G′(100° C.) is in the range of about 1:1 to about 9:1.","label":"Construct","id":69}
{"sentence":"Method and device for treating a fiber mass[none] The invention relates to a method and a device for treating a fibre mass, such as for example a nonwoven or a woven. Such fibre masses are conveyed through a pressing mill for treatment where they are pressed in at least one pressing zone by means of a press-roll. By the pressing, a treatment fluid already present in the fibre mass is pressed out of the fibre mass. After the pressing out of the treatment fluid, a second treatment fluid is introduced into the fibre mass. In order to achieve a distribution of the second treatment fluid in the pressed fibre mass as quickly and homogenously as possible, according to the invention it is provided that the treatment fluid is introduced through the pressing surface area into the fibre mass in an expansion region, where the pressing power exerted by the press-roll is reduced in the moving direction of the fibre mass. Here, the pressing surface area is the surface through which the pressing power acts on the fibre mass.1 . A method for treating a fiber mass, such as a filament composite, a woven or a nonwoven, wherein the fiber mass is conveyed through a pressing mill, in which the fiber mass is pressed in at least one pressing zone through the pressing surface area of at least one press-roll by means of a pressing power acting on the fiber mass and the pressed fiber mass is impregnated with a treatment fluid, the fiber mass in the pressing zone being conveyed through an expansion region where the pressing power is reduced in the passing direction (B) of the fiber mass, wherein the treatment fluid in the expansion region is conducted through the pressing surface area into the fiber mass.","label":"IndustConst","id":70}
{"sentence":"METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGH ABSORBENT HYDROCOLLOIDThe present invention relates to a method for preparing a hydrocolloid which may be applied to skin, particularly, wounds. The present invention comprises a first step of preparing a pre-polymer having a viscosity of 200 cps˜10,000 cps by mixing an acryl monomer and an ultraviolet initiator and irradiating on the mixture with ultraviolet rays; a second step of preparing a complex by mixing at least an ultraviolet initiator and a high water absorbing substance with the resulting pre-polymer; and a third step of polymerizing the complex with irradiating ultraviolet rays. The thus prepared hydrocolloid of the present invention has an excellent absorbency as well as self-adhesiveness, is not remained as any residue upon removing it from the skin (wound) and has less skin irritation, without employing any tackifier.1 . A method for a hydrocolloid which comprises a first step of preparing a pre-polymer having a viscosity of 200 cps˜10,000 cps by mixing an acryl monomer and an ultraviolet initiator and irradiating on the mixture with ultraviolet rays; a second step of preparing a complex by mixing the resulting pre-polymer with at least an ultraviolet initiator and a high absorbent substance; and a third step of polymerizing the resulting complex by coating on an object for coating process with the complex and irradiating the coated complex with ultraviolet rays.","label":"Household","id":71}
{"sentence":"Catalyst system and its use for the polymerization of propyleneA catalyst system which can be used in the polymerization of propylene comprises at least one metallocene as a rac\/meso isomer mixture, at least one organoboroaluminum compound, at least one passivated support, at least one Lewis base and, if desired, at least one further organometallic compound.1. A catalyst system comprising a) at least one substituted metallocene of formula (A) &emsp;where R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, or a C 1 -C 20 -hydrocarbon group, with the proviso that R 1 is not methyl when R 2 is hydrogen, M 1 is a transition metal of group 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, A is a bridge of formula &emsp;or is &boxH;BR 3 , &boxH;AlR 3 , —S—, &boxH;SO, &boxH;SO 2 , &boxH;NR 3 , &boxH;PR 3 , &boxH;P(O)R 3 , o-phenylene or 2,2′-biphenylene, where M 2 is carbon, silicon, germanium or tin, o is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R 3 and R 4 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 10 -alkenyl, C 7 -C 20 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C 20 -alkylaryl, C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy, C 1 -C 10 -fluoroalkyl, C 6 -C 10 -haloaryl, C 2 -C 10 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 20 -alkylsilyl, C 6 -C 20 -arylsilyl or C 7 -C 20 -alkylarylsilyl, or R 3 and R 4 together form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, and X are identical or different and each X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl group, a C 6 -C 15 -aryl group, a C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy group, a C 6 -C 15 -aryloxyl group, a benzyl group or an NR 5 2 group, where R 5 are identical or different and each R 5 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl group, a C 6 -C 15 -aryl group or a (CH 3 ) 3 Si group, where the ratio of rac isomer to meso isomer of the metallocene of formula (A) is from 1:10 to 2:1, b) at least one Lewis base of formula (I), M 3 R 6 R 7 R 8 &emsp;&emsp;(I) &emsp;where R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 20 -alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 -haloalkyl group, a C 6 -C 40 -aryl group, a C 6 -C 40 -haloaryl group, a C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl group or a C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl group, where two radicals or all three radicals R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are optionally joined to one another via C 2 -C 20 units, and M 3 is an element of main group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, c) a support, d) at least one organoboroaluminum compound which is covalently bound to the support, and which is made up of units of formula (II) R i 9 M 4 —O—M 4 R j 10 &emsp;&emsp;(II) &emsp;where R 9 and R 10 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 20 -aryl, C 6 -C 20 -haloaryl, C 6 -C 20 -aryloxy, C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C 40 -haloarylalkyl, C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl or C 7 -C 40 -haloalkylaryl, or R 9 is an —OSiR 3 group, where R are identical or different and each R is as defined for R 9 , M 4 are identical or different and each M 4 represents an element of main group 3 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and i and j are each an integer 1 or 2, and optionally e) an organometallic compound of formula (V) [M 5 R 11 p ] k &emsp;&emsp;(V) &emsp;where M 5 is an element of main group I, II or III of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R 11 are identical or different and each R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 20 -alkyl group, a C 6 -C 40 -aryl group, a C 7 -C 40 -arylalkyl group or a C 7 -C 40 -alkylaryl group, p is an integer from 1 to 3, and k is an integer from 1 to 4.","label":"HouseConst","id":72}
{"sentence":"Method to upgrade bio-oils to fuel and bio-crudeThis invention relates to a method and device to produce esterified, olefinated\/esterified, or thermochemolytic reacted bio-oils as fuels. The olefinated\/esterified product may be utilized as a biocrude for input to a refinery, either alone or in combination with petroleum crude oils. The bio-oil esterification reaction is catalyzed by addition of alcohol and acid catalyst. The olefination\/esterification reaction is catalyzed by addition of resin acid or other heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze olefins added to previously etherified bio-oil; the olefins and alcohol may also be simultaneously combined and catalyzed by addition of resin acid or other heterogeneous catalyst to produce the olefinated\/esterified product.1. A method for upgrading bio-oils to less recalcitrant fuels comprising esterifying said bio-oil, wherein said bio-oils may be raw bio-oil or pyroligneous bio-oil or a mixture of raw bio-oil and pyroligneous bio-oil, and olefinating bio-oil while simultaneously esterifying said bio-oil.","label":"Process","id":73}
{"sentence":"Method for esterifying (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanolIn a process for esterifying (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanol in the presence of an esterification catalyst, in which unconverted starting compounds and (meth)acrylic ester to be formed are separated off by distillation and an oxyester-containing bottom product is formed, the bottom product is first separated off and then the oxyesters contained in it are cleaved in the presence of a relatively long-chain alkylbenzenesulfonic acid at elevated temperatures.1. A process for esterifying (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanol in the presence of an esterification catalyst, in which unconverted starting compounds and (meth)acrylic ester formed are removed from the reaction mixture by distillation, leaving behind an oxyester-containing bottom product, the bottom product is separated off and the oxyesters contained therein are thereafter cleaved by the action of elevated temperature in the presence of at least one acid catalyst, at least one aromatic sulfonic acid of the formula IV, where R&Prime; independently of one another are each alkyl of six to twenty carbon atoms, u is an integer from 1 to 3, and v is 1 or 2, being present as the at least one acid catalyst for cleaving the oxyesters, wherein the cleavage is carried out stepwise.","label":"Process","id":74}
{"sentence":"Supported catalyst for olefin polymerization and preparation method for polyolefin using the sameThe present invention relates to a supported catalyst for olefin polymerization to which a novel transition metal compound and a co-catalyst compound are bound, and a preparation method for polyolefin using the supported catalyst. The transition metal compound bound to the catalyst of the present invention provides high activity for olefin-based monomers in heterogeneous reaction as well as in homogeneous system. Particularly, a polyolefin with higher molecular weight can be prepared by using the supported catalyst containing the transition metal compound bound to a support, rather than using the novel transition metal compound in a non-supported status, or the conventional transition metal compound in a supported or non-supported status.1. A supported catalyst comprising a transition metal compound represented by the following formula 1 and a co-catalyst compound, wherein the transition metal compound and the co-catalyst compound are bound to a support: wherein M is a Group 4 transition metal; Q1and Q2are independently a halogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C6-C20 aryl, C1-C20 alkyl C6-C20 aryl, C6-C20 aryl C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkylamido, C6-C20 arylamido, or C1-C20 alkylidene; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10are independently hydrogen; C1-C20 alkyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C2-C20 alkenyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C1-C20 alkyl C6-C20 aryl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C6-C20 aryl C1-C20 alkyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; or C1-C20 silyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group, wherein R1and R2can be linked to each other to form a ring; R3and R4can be linked to each other to form a ring; and at least two of R5to R10can be linked to each other to form a ring; and R11, R12, and R13are independently hydrogen; C1-C20 alkyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C2-C20 alkenyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C1-C20 alkyl C6-C20 aryl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C6-C20 aryl C1-C20 alkyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C1-C20 silyl with or without an acetal, ketal, or ether group; C1-C20 alkoxy; or C6-C20 aryloxy, wherein R11and R12, or R12and R13can be linked to each other to form a ring.","label":"Catalyst","id":75}
{"sentence":"Polyolefin compositionThe instant invention provides a polyolefin composition suitable for packaging applications, films, multilayer structures and packaging devices made therefrom. The polyolefin composition according to the present invention comprises: an ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer composition comprising (a) from 50 to 75 percent by weight of a first ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer fraction having a density in the range of 0.894 to 0.908 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of from 0.2 to 1 g\/10 minutes, and (b) from 25 to 50 percent by weight of a second ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer fraction, and wherein said ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer composition has a density in the range of 0.910 to 0.924 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of from 0.5 to 2 g\/10 minutes, a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range of from 1.15 to 2.5, a molecular weight distribution, expressed as the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Mw\/Mn) in the range of from 2.0 to 4.0, and tan delta at 0.1 radian\/second and 190° C. in the range of from 6 to 43.1. A polyolefin composition suitable for packaging applications comprising: an ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer composition comprising (a) from 50 to 75 percent by weight of a first ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer fraction having a density in the range of 0.894 to 0.908 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of from 0.2 to 1 g\/10 minutes, and (b) from 25 to 50 percent by weight of a second ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer fraction, wherein said ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer composition has a density in the range of 0.910 to 0.924 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) in the range of from 0.5 to 2 g\/10 minutes, a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range of from 1.15 to 2.5, a molecular weight distribution, expressed as the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Mw\/Mn) in the range of from 2.0 to 4.0, and tan delta at 0.1 radian\/second and 190° C. in the range of from 6 to 43, wherein said ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer composition has at least 2 peaks on elution profile via crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) procedure, wherein each peak comprises at least 25 weight percent of the total area of the elution profile, wherein the separation of the 2 peak positions are in the range of from 20 to 40° C., wherein a higher elution temperature peak is at an elution temperature greater than 90° C., and wherein a lower elution temperature peak is at an elution temperature in the range of from 50 to 80° C., and wherein the width of the higher elution temperature peak at 50 percent peak height is less than 4° C., and wherein the width of the higher elution temperature peak at 10 percent peak height is less than 9° C., and wherein the width of the lower elution temperature peak at 50 percent peak height is less than 8° C., and wherein the width of the lower elution temperature peak at 10 percent peak height is less than 25° C.","label":"HouseConst","id":76}
{"sentence":"Method of manufacturing superabsorbent polymersAn improved method of manufacturing surface-crosslinked superabsorbent polymer particles is disclosed. The superabsorbent polymer particles are surface crosslinked using about 20 to about 35 wt % of 1,3-propanediol as a cosolvent in a surface-crosslinking step. The use of 1,3-propanediol as a cosolvent reduces the amount of surface-crosslinking agent required to adequately surface crosslink the superabsorbent polymer, and reduces or eliminates the fouling of process equipment attributed to previous cosolvents used in a surface crosslinking step.1. A method of surface cross-linking a superabsorbent polymer comprising the steps of: (a) providing superabsorbent polymer particles; (b) forming a surface-crosslinker composition comprising ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, water, and 20 to 35 wt % of 1,3-propanediol as a cosolvent; (c) applying the solution of (b) to the surfaces of (a) to provide surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles; and (d) heating the surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles at 25° C. to 150° C. for 15 to 180 minutes to form surface crosslinks in the vicinity of the surface of the surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in (b) is at least 5 wt % less than the ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether used when propylene glycol is a cosolvent to achieve a predetermined degree of surface crosslinking.","label":"Household","id":77}
{"sentence":"Method of preparing silica aerogel powderA method of preparing silica aero-gel powders having a short preparation time and stable preparation processes. In the method, the silica aerogel powders are generated by using a water glass solution, an inorganic acid, an organosilane compound and an organic solvent. The method includes dispersion-solution generating, gelating and solvent exchanging and drying. In the dispersion-solution generating, a dispersion solution is generated by dispersing the water glass solution and the organosilane compound in the organic solvent. In the gelating and solvent exchanging, silica hydrogel is generated by adding the inorganic acid to the dispersion solution and simultaneously performing gelating and solvent-exchanging. In the drying, the silica aerogel powders are generated by drying the silica hydro-gel.1. A method of preparing silica aerogel powders, the method comprising: generating a dispersion solution in which the dispersion solution is generated by dispersing a water glass solution and an organosilane compound in a nonpolar organic solvent, wherein the generating the dispersion solution comprises: a first stifling the water glass solution in which the organosilane compound is added to the water glass solution; and a second stirring a mixture solution of the water glass solution and the organosilane compound in which the nonpolar organic solvent is added to the mixture solution of the water glass solution and the organosilane compound; gelating and solvent exchanging a silica hydrogel in which the silica hydrogel is generated by adding an inorganic acid to the dispersion solution and simultaneously performing gelating and solvent-exchanging; and drying a silica aerogel powder in which the silica aerogel powder is generated by drying the silica hydrogel.","label":"IndustConst","id":78}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene compositions and films formed therefromA polyethylene composition comprising an ethylene\/α-olefin copolymerized linear low density polyethylene, wherein the polyethylene composition has a Mw of from 100,000 g\/mol to 200,000 g\/mol, a Mw\/Mn of from 4.0 to 9.0, a Mz\/Mw of from 4.0 to 7.0, and a Mz+1\/Mw of from 4.5 to 13.5, is provided. A film formed of the polyethylene composition is also provided.1. A polyethylene composition comprising an ethylene\/α-olefin copolymerized linear low density polyethylene, wherein the polyethylene composition has a Mw ranging from 100,000 g\/mol to 200,000 g\/mol, a Mw\/Mn ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, a Mz\/Mw ranging from 4.0 to 7.0, and a Mz+1\/Mw ranging from 4.5 to 13.5, wherein said Mw, Mn, Mz, Mz+1 are measured by gel permeation chromatography.","label":"Construct","id":79}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer having a capacity increaseThe present invention relates to a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer and an internal crosslinker agent wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of 2 g\/g or more as set forth herein in the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Test. The present invention further relates to a superabsorbent polymer comprising an internal crosslinker agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or one allyl group attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si—O bond. The present invention further relates to an absorbent article that includes such particulate superabsorbent polymers.1. A superabsorbent polymer comprising a polymerized monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof, and an internal crosslinker agent comprising an internal crosslinking agent wherein the internal crosslinker agent comprises a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom, wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition is a particulate superabsorbent composition.","label":"Household","id":80}
{"sentence":"Block copolymer compositions and process for the preparation thereofA block copolymer composition is provided comprising: (1) 10-60% by weight of a block copolymer [(A--B)11]m--Y1 (2) 20-90% by weight of a block copolymer [(A--B)12]n--Y2,and (3) 0-50% by weight of a block copolymer (A--B13, in which A represents a vinyl aromatic polymer block having a molecular weight of 10,000-30,000 wherein the vinyl aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl substituted styrene and a vinyl naphtalene, B1a conjugated diene polymer block having a molecular weight of 25,000-100,000, B2a conjugated diene polymer block having a molecular weight at least 1.2 times as high as that of B1wherein the conjugated diene compound of B1and B2is a conjugated diene having four to eight carbon atoms per molecule, Y1and Y2respectively represent a halogenated, tetravalent silicon compound and a halogenated, tetravalent stannic compound and 11=1-3, m=2-4, 12=1-6, n=2-4 and 13=1-6. The block copolymer is prepared by the successive steps of (i) polymerizing the vinyl aromatic compound building block A and the conjugated diene compound building block B1,(ii) adding a halogenated tetravalent silicon compound, (iii) adding and polymerizing the conjugated diene compound building block B2and (iv) adding a halogenated tetravalent stannic compound. The block copolymer is particularly useful in adhesive compositions.1. A block copolymer composition which comprises the following components: Component 1: in the range of from 10 to 60% by weight of a block copolymer represented by the general formula I [Equation] [(A--B1)l1]m--Y1, (I) wherein A represents an aromatic vinyl compound polymer block having a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 to 30,000 herein the aromatic vinyl compound is selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl substituted styrene and a vinyl naphthalene; B1represents a conjugated diene polymer block having a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 to 100,000 wherein the conjugated diene has in the range of from four to eight carbon atoms per molecule; l1is an integer in the range of from 1 to 3, m is an integer in the range of from 2 to 4 and Y1represents a halogenated, tetravalent silicon compound residue; Component 2: in the range of from 20 to 90% by weight of a block copolymer represented by the general formula II [Equation] [(A--B2)l2]n--Y2 (II) wherein A represents an aromatic vinyl compound polymer block having a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 to 30,000 wherein the aromatic vinyl compound is selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl substituted styrene and a vinyl naphthalene; B2represents a conjugated diene polymer block having a molecular weight that is at least 1.2 times as high as that of the conjugated diene polymer block B1in the general formula I, wherein the conjugated diene has in the range of from four to eight carbon atoms per molecule; l2is an integer in the range of from 1 to 6, n is an integer in the range of from 2 to 4 and Y2represents a halogenated tetravalent stannic compound residue; and Component 3: in the range of from 0 to 50% by weight of a block copolymer represented by the general formula III [Equation] (A--B2)l3, (III) wherein A represents an aromatic vinyl compound polymer block having a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 to 30,000, wherein the aromatic vinyl compound is selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl substituted styrene and a vinyl naphthalene; B2represents a conjugated diene polymer block having a molecular weight that is at least 1.2 times as high as that of the conjugated diene polymer block B1in the general formula I, wherein the conjugated diene has in the range of from four to eight carbon atoms per molecule; and l3is an integer in the range of from 1 to 6.","label":"Automobile","id":81}
{"sentence":"Catalytic oxidation of isobutyleneIsobutylene is catalytically oxidized in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to form methacrolein. The catalyst used consists essentially of metal oxides and is represented by the formula: [Equation] MoaBibFecCodZreXfTigOh wherein Mo=molybdenum, Bi=bismuth, Fe=iron, Co=cobalt, Zr=zirconium, X=calcium and\/or zinc, Ti=titanium and O=oxygen, and the subscripts indicating the atomic ratios of the respective metals to bismuth are: a=5-20, b=1, c=0.2-5, d=1-10, e=0.01-2, f=0.01-2, and g=0.01-1. The catalyst exhibits little or no reduction in mechanical strength during the oxidation reaction and results in an enhanced yield of methacrolein.1. In a process for catalytically oxidizing isobutylene at a temperature in the range of from 250° to 500° in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to form methacrolein, the improvement which comprises passing a gaseous feed comprising isobutylene and molecular oxygen in a catalytic oxidation reaction zone over a catalyst consisting essentially of metal oxides represented by the formula: [Equation] MoaBibFecCodZreXfTigOh wherein Mo is molybdenum, Bi is bismuth, Fe is iron, Co is cobalt, Zr is zirconium, X is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of calcium and zinc, Ti is titanium and O is oxygen, and each of the subscripts a through g is a positive number indicating an atomic ratio of the respective metal to bismuth and falling within the following ranges: a=5 to 20, b=1, c=0.2 to 5, d=1 to 10, e=0.01 to 2, f=0.01 to 2 and g=0.01 to 1, and h is a positive number satisfying the average valency of the respective metals.","label":"Catalyst","id":82}
{"sentence":"Arrangement for multistage vacuum molecular distillingAn arrangement for multistage vacuum and molecular distilling with a wiped off film using a single evaporator body common for different vacuum stages, with rotating vacuum seals between adjacent vacuum stages provided with a common drive.1. In an arrangement for establishing a multi-stage vacuum and molecular distillation process using a wiped-off film, an elongated, vertically disposed evaporator vessel supported for rotation about a first longitudinal axis thereof and having a convex outer surface; means including condenser means surrounding first, second and third successively lower regions of the convex outer surface of the evaporator vessel to define therebetween first, second and third vacuum distillation stages; first and second annular elements individually affixed to the outer surface of the evaporator element to define interfaces between the first and second vacuum stages and the second and third vacuum stages, respectively; first, second and third elongated wiping means extending longitudinally along the outer surface of the evaporator means in the respective first, second and third vacuum stages, the first, second and third wiping means respectively including first, second and third entraining rods, the first and second rods having respective lower and upper ends secured to the first annular element, the second and third rods having respective lower and upper ends secured to the second annular element, whereby the evaporator vessel, the annular elements and the entraining means form a unitary first assembly rotatable about the first axis; means disposed in each of the first and second annular elements for effecting a controlled flow of a fluid therethrough from the lower end of the next-higher vacuum stage to the upper end of the next-lower vacuum stage so that the controlled flow of such fluid during a rotation of the first assembly about the first axis provides a rotary vacuum seal between the associated vacuum stages; means for introducing a first liquid to be distilled to the upper end of the first wiping means to be entrained thereby, whereby portions of the first liquid flow downwardly and alternately through the entraining rods and the effecting means of the annular elements; means for rotating the first assembly about the first axis so that the controlled movement of the first liquid through the effecting means of the annular elements provides liquid rotary vacuum seals among the first, second and third vacuum stages; and means coupled to the condensing means for individually evacuating the first, second and third vacuum stages to successively higher degrees.","label":"HouseConst","id":83}
{"sentence":"Absorbent material, and system and method of making sameA fiber-SAP particle includes a superabsorbent core particle (SAP core particle) and a plurality of fibers attached to the SAP core particle and extending therefrom. The fiber-SAP particles may be formed in a fluidized bed chamber using a spray drying process. The fiber-SAP particles may be incorporated into absorbent cores and articles, such as in disposable diapers.1. A method of forming fiber-SAP particles, comprising mixing fibers with superabsorbent particles (SAP) such that at least some of the fibers attach to at least some of the SAP, thereby forming fiber-SAP particles, wherein said mixing is preceded by providing wetted fibers and introducing said wetted fibers with said SAP, and each fiber-SAP particle comprises a plurality of the fibers attached to one of the superabsorbent particles.","label":"Household","id":84}
{"sentence":"Refrigeration system with free-coolingA system for cooling air for use with a liquid cooling fluid loop. The system includes a first refrigerant circuit with an air-cooled condenser, a second refrigerant circuit with a liquid-cooled condenser, and a free-cooling loop. A control device is provided for controlling the operation of the system between a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode. When operating in the first mode, only the free-cooling loop cooperates directly with liquid cooling fluid in the liquid cooling fluid loop to cool the liquid cooling fluid, when operating in the second mode, the second refrigerant circuit is not engaged, and when operating in the third mode, the free-cooling loop interacts with the second refrigerant circuit to reject heat of the second refrigerant circuit through the free-cooling loop.1. A system for cooling air for use with a liquid cooling fluid loop, the system comprising: a first refrigerant circuit with a first condenser; a second refrigerant circuit with a second condenser; a free-cooling loop comprising a valve and a free-cooling coil, wherein the valve is configured to direct free-cooling liquid of the free-cooling loop, and wherein the free-cooling coil and the first condenser are arranged in series with respect to a common air stream; a control device for controlling an operation of the system between a free-cooling-only mode, a free-cooling-plus-mechanical-cooling mode, and a full mechanical cooling mode; wherein when operating in the free-cooling-only mode, the valve directs the free-cooling liquid to a heat exchanger which is positioned in-line with the liquid cooling fluid loop, and when operating in the full mechanical cooling mode the valve directs free-cooling liquid to the second condenser of the second refrigerant circuit.","label":"IndustConst","id":85}
{"sentence":"POLYMER NANOENCAPSULATED ACID-CATALYZED SOL-GEL SILICA MONOLITHSMacroporous monolithic silica aerogels having mesoporous walls are produced via an acid-catalyzed sol-gel process from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) using a triblock co-polymer (Pluronic P123) as a structure-directing agent and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a micelle-swelling reagent. Pluronic P 123 was removed by solvent extraction, and monoliths were obtained by removing the pore-filling solvent with liquid CO2, which was removed under supercritical conditions. The resulting materials are more robust compared to base-catalyzed silica aerogels of similar density. Mechanical properties can be further improved by reacting a di-isocyanate with the silanol groups on the macro and mesoporous surfaces. The polymer forms a conformal coat on the macropores and blocks access to the mesopores of templated samples, so that BET surface areas decrease dramatically.1 . A method of forming a monolithic silica gel, comprising the steps of: forming a gel including a tetra-alkoxysilane in the presence of at least one templating agent and at least one expanding agent under acidic conditions; removing at least a portion of the templating agent from said gel by extraction with a solvent.","label":"IndustConst","id":86}
{"sentence":"Method for preparing polyethylene with high melt strengthThe present invention is a method for increasing the melt strength of a polyethylene resin comprising reacting the polyethylene resin with an alkoxy amine derivative corresponding to the formula: (R1)(R2)N—O—R3 where R1 and R2 are each independently of one another, hydrogen, C4-C42 alkyl or C4-C42 aryl or substituted hydrocarbon groups comprising O and\/or N, and where R1 and R2 may form a ring structure together; and where R3 is hydrogen, a hyrdrocarbon or a substituted hydrocarbon group comprising O and\/or N. Preferred groups for R3 include —C1-C19alkyl; —C6-C10aryl; —C2-C19akenyl; —O—C1-C19alkyl; —O—C6-C10aryl; —NH—C1-C19alkyl; —NH—C6-C10aryl; —N—(C1-C19alkyl)2. R3 most preferably contains an acyl group.1. A method for increasing the melt strength of a polyethylene resin comprising the steps of: a. selecting a polyethylene resin having a density, as determined according to ASTM D792, in the range of from 0.865 g\/cm3to 0.962 g\/cm3, and a melt index, as determined according to ASTM D1238 (2.16 kg, 190° C.), in the range of from 0.01 g\/10min to 100 g\/10 min, wherein the polyethylene resin is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and blends thereof; b. reacting an alkoxy amine derivative with the polyethylene resin in an amount and under conditions sufficient to increase the melt strength of the polyethylene resin, wherein the alkoxy amine derivative is added to the polyethylene resin as a masterbatch comprising the alkoxy amine derivative along with a carrier resin comprising LDPE.","label":"HouseConst","id":87}
{"sentence":"Process and catalyst for producing polyethylene having a broad molecular weight distributionPolyolefins having a broad molecular weight distribution are obtained by polymerizing ethylene or higher alpha-olefins in the presence of a catalyst system comprising two or more metallocenes each having different propagation and termination rate constants and alumoxane.1. A process for producing polyethylene having a multimodal molecular weight distribution comprising polymerizing ethylene in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system comprising (a) at least two different metallocenes selected from mono, di or tricyclopentadienyls and their derivatives of a Group 4b, 5b and 6b transition metal each metallocene having different propagation and termination rate constants for ethylene polymerization and (b) and alumoxane.","label":"HouseConst","id":88}
{"sentence":"HydroformylationThe gas cycle in a high pressure hydroformylation reaction using a series of at least two reactors is controlled to optimise yield, conversion and selectivity and to control reaction temperature. The control is achieved through balancing fresh gases and recycle gases in each of the reactors and as an optional feature the use of hydrogen off gases from the downstream hydrogenation used in the conversion of the hydroformylation reaction product to product alcohols.1. A process comprising: hydroformylating at least one olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form a hydroformylation product, wherein the hydroformylation takes place in a series of at least two hydroformylation reactors; recycling unreacted gases to at least the hydroformylation reactor in the second position, wherein the unreacted gases originate from the hydroformylation step or from a subsequent hydrogenation step; passing the hydroformylation product to a high pressure separator and separating an offgas having a concentration of carbon monoxide such that the partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the offgas is above 75 barg.","label":"Process","id":89}
{"sentence":"Method for producing sheets including fibrous aerogelDisclosed herein is a method for producing a sheet including a silica aerogel, the method including (S1) gelling a water glass solution in a mixture of an alcohol and water to prepare a wet gel, (S2) hydrophobically modifying the surface of the wet gel with a non-polar organic solvent, an organosilane compound and an alcohol, (S3) dissolving the hydrophobically modified silica gel and a polymer in an aprotic organic solvent to prepare an electrospinning solution, and (S4) electrospinning the electrospinning solution to produce a fiber web including a silica aerogel, and a sheet in which a polymer and a silica aerogel coexist in the form of a fiber.1. A method for producing a sheet including a silica aerogel, comprising: (S1) gelling a water glass solution in a mixture of an alcohol and water to prepare a wet gel; (S2) hydrophobically modifying the surface of the wet gel with a non-polar organic solvent, an organosilane compound and an alcohol; (S3) dissolving a hydrophobically modified silica gel and a polymer in an aprotic organic solvent to prepare an electrospinning solution, wherein the hydrophobically modified silica gel and the polymer are mixed in a weight ration of 30:1 to 400:1; and (S4) electrospinning the electrospinning solution to produce a fiber web including a silica aerogel.","label":"IndustConst","id":90}
{"sentence":"Method for producing conjugated diene polymer, conjugated diene polymer, and polymer compositionA method for producing a conjugated diene polymer is provided that includes a step of polymerizing a conjugated diene-containing monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, thus giving a polymer having a catalyst-derived alkali metal at one terminus of a polymer chain comprising a conjugated diene-based monomer unit, and a step of reacting the polymer obtained in the step of polymerizing and a trialkoxysilane compound represented by the formula below.    (In the formula, Y and Z independently denote an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1, R2, and R3independently denote an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m denotes an integer of 1 to 5, and n denotes an integer of 0 to 5.) There are also provided a conjugated diene polymer produced by the production method, and a polymer composition containing a rubber component that includes the conjugated diene polymer and carbon black and\/or silica, the total content of the carbon black and the silica being 5 to 200 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.1. A method for producing a conjugated diene polymer, the method comprising step 1 and step 2 below: step 1: a step of polymerizing a conjugated diene-containing monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst, thus giving a polymer having a catalyst-derived alkali metal at one terminus of a polymer chain comprising a conjugated diene-based monomer unit; and step 2: a step of reacting the polymer obtained in step 1 and a trialkoxysilane compound represented by Formula (A) below. wherein Y and Z independently denote an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1, R2, and R3independently denote an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m denotes an integer of 1 to 5, and n denotes an integer of 0 to 5.","label":"Automobile","id":91}
{"sentence":"Swellable hydrogel-forming polymers having high permeabilitySwellable hydrogel-forming polymers having high permeability Swellable hydrogel-forming polymer comprising at least one hydrophilic polymer of dendritic structure and at least one water-insoluble phosphate, a process for preparing the swellable hydrogel-forming polymer and also its use in hygiene articles.1. Swellable hydrogel-forming polymer particles comprising (a) hydrogel-forming polymer particles, (b) at least one hydrophilic polymer of dendritic structure, and (c) at least one water-insoluble phosphate, wherein (b) and (c) are present on the surfaces of particles (a).","label":"Household","id":92}
{"sentence":"Distillation apparatus and distillation methodAn object of the present invention is to reduce the number of instruments used in a distillation apparatus to thereby simplify control. A distillation apparatus includes a column body; partitions ( 22 - 24 ) for dividing the interior of the column body into first chambers ( 14 A- 16 A) and second chambers ( 14 B- 16 B), which are adjacent to each other; a feed nozzle ( 41 ) for feeding into the column body a material liquid (M); a first distillation section ( 25 ) including an enriching section (AR 1 ) located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section (AR 2 ) located at a lower portion thereof; a second distillation section ( 26 ) including an enriching section (AR 3 ) located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section (AR 4 ) located at a lower portion thereof; a third distillation section ( 27 ) including an enriching section (AR 5 ) located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section (AR 6 ) located at a lower portion thereof; first discharge means for discharging a first component; second discharge means for discharging a second component; and third discharge means for discharging a third component. The partitions ( 22 - 24 ) are biased such that the cross-sectional area of the first chambers ( 14 A- 16 A) differs from that of the second chambers ( 14 B- 16 B). A pressure loss arising in the first chambers ( 14 A- 16 A) and sum of pressure losses arising in the second chambers ( 14 B- 16 B) can be equalized, thereby eliminating influence of descending liquid on ascending vapor.1 . A distillation apparatus characterized by comprising: (a) a column body; (b) a partition for dividing the interior of said column body into a first chamber and a second chamber, which are adjacent to each other; (c) a feed nozzle for feeding into said column body a material liquid containing at least first to third components; (d) a first distillation section comprising an enriching section located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section located at a lower portion thereof; (e) a second distillation section disposed such that at least a portion thereof is adjacent to the top of said column body, and comprising an enriching section located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section located at a lower portion thereof; (f) a third distillation section disposed such that at least a portion thereof is adjacent to the bottom of said column body, and comprising an enriching section located at an upper portion thereof and an exhaust section located at a lower portion thereof; (g) first discharge means for discharging the first component; (h) second discharge means for discharging the second component; and (i) third discharge means for discharging the third component, wherein (j) said partition is biased such that the cross-sectional area of the first chamber differs from that of the second chamber.","label":"Process","id":93}
{"sentence":"Method for reducing energy consumption in a process to purify styrene monomerAn energy conservation process directed to the purification of styrene monomer via distillation after the dehydrogenation reaction of ethylbenzene to produce crude styrene is disclosed. As practiced today, the purification of styrene via distillation requires large amounts of energy (i.e., steam) to provide heat to the various distillation columns. The presently disclosed improved process allows for a reduction in the amount of steam needed for this purpose.1. A process for reducing the energy required to purify styrene, said process comprising: i) dehydrogenating a feedstock containing ethylbenzene to produce a crude styrene stream containing styrene, ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, alpha-methyl styrene, and heavies; ii) passing the crude styrene stream to a first distillation process to separate a first distillation overhead stream comprising ethylbenzene, benzene, and toluene and a first distillation bottoms stream comprising styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, and heavies; iii) passing the first distillation overhead stream to a second distillation process to separate a second distillation overhead stream comprising benzene and toluene and a second distillation bottoms stream comprising ethylbenzene and substantially no styrene; iv) passing the first distillation bottoms stream to a third distillation process comprising at least one reboiler to separate a third distillation overhead stream comprising purified styrene and a third distillation bottoms stream comprising alpha-methyl styrene and heavies; v) withdrawing at least one reboiler stream from the third distillation bottoms stream and reboiling the at least one reboiler stream in the at least one reboiler; and vi) passing the second distillation overhead stream through the reboiler to provide heat to the at least one reboiler stream by indirect contact of the second distillation overhead stream with the at least one reboiler stream, wherein said at least one reboiler stream enters the reboiler at a temperature that is equal to or less than the temperature of the second distillation overhead stream exiting said reboiler.","label":"Process","id":94}
{"sentence":"Method for producing modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer, modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer, and rubber compositionThe method for producing a modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer, according to the present invention comprises (a) obtaining a primarily modified polymer by carrying out a primary modification reaction wherein at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkoxysilane compound and a silanol compound is introduced into the active alkali metal terminal of a conjugated diene based (co)polymer having an active alkali metal terminal, and (b) obtaining a secondarily modified polymer (a modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer) by subjecting the above-obtained primarily modified polymer to reactions comprising (b1) and (b2). (b1): a reaction with a condensation accelerator comprising a metal element. (b2): a reaction with at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids and metal halides.1. A method for producing a modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer, comprising: (a) obtaining a primarily modified polymer by carrying out a primary modification reaction wherein at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkoxysilane compound and a silanol compound is introduced into the active alkali metal terminal of a conjugated diene based (co)polymer having an active alkali metal terminal, wherein the conjugated diene based (co)polymer is obtained by subjecting at least a diene monomer to anionic polymerization in a hydrocarbon solvent comprising an alkali metal-based initiator, and (b) subjecting the above-obtained primarily modified polymer to reactions comprising (b1) and (b2) to obtain a secondarily modified polymer (a modified conjugated diene based (co)polymer), (b1): a reaction with a condensation accelerator comprising a metal element, and (b2): a reaction with at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids and metal halides.","label":"Automobile","id":95}
{"sentence":"Method of producing inorganic layered double hydroxides, novel inorganic layered double hydroxides and uses of the sameNovel nanosized layered double hydroxide materials and a method of producing the same as well as uses of said material. The novel materials are uniform and have the general formula I [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2][An-x\/n.zH2O]  I wherein M2+ is selected from Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ M3+ is selected from Al3+, V3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Co3+, Sc3+, Ga3+, and Y3+, An-stands for an anion, x stands for a value in the range from 0.2 to 0.33, n is an integer from 1 to 4 and z is an integer from 1 to 10. The particle size is less than 1 μm. The material can be used in heterogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry and petrochemistry, magnetic materials, pharmaceutical applications, electrode materials, tissue engineering, cosmetics, and dietary supplements.1 . A method of preparing a uniform nanosized layered double hydroxide material, said method comprising the steps of; dispersing a dehydrated and decarbonated layered double hydroxide in a moderately polar organic dispersion medium to form a suspension, reconstructing the layered double hydroxide by adding water or aqueous solution containing required anions to the suspension, and allowing the reconstitution to proceed for a sufficient period of time at non-boiling conditions of the medium to afford the formation of particles of a uniform nanosized layered double hydroxide material.","label":"Catalyst","id":96}
{"sentence":"NITRILE COPOLYMER RUBBER AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOFA nitrile copolymer rubber obtained by emulsion polymerization using 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol as a chain transfer agent and which has a polymer pH of 8.5 or less is provided. The polymer pH is preferably 8.0 or less. According to the present invention, a nitrile copolymer rubber which is able to give a cross-linked rubber which is excellent in heat resistance and compression set resistance can be provided.1 . A nitrile copolymer rubber which is obtained by emulsion polymerization using 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol as a chain transfer agent and which has a polymer pH of 8.5 or less.","label":"IndustConst","id":97}
{"sentence":"Catalyst compositionAn addition polymerization catalyst comprising a cationic complex of a Group 4 metal cyclopentadienyl derivative and an alumoxane shows improved resistance to catalyst poisons.1. A catalyst composition comprising a cationic complex of the formula: wherein: M is a metal of Group 4 of the Periodic Table of the Elements having an oxidation state of 3 or 4, bound in an η5bonding mode to Cp; n is zero or one, depending on the oxidation state of M; Cp is a cyclopentadienyl-, indenyl-, tetrahydroindenyl-, fluorenyl-, or octahydrofluorenyl- group covalently substituted with a divalent moiety, R&quot;, said divalent moiety, R&quot;, having from 1 to 50 atoms and being covalently bonded to Y, Cp further may be substituted with from 1 to 4 alkyl, halogen, aryl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or silyl groups containing up to 20 non-hydrogen atoms; Y is a divalent substituent selected from the group consisting of --NR--, --PR--, --O-- and --S--, wherein R is C1-20hydrocarbyl, and Y together with R&quot;, Cp and M forms a metallocycle; X, if any, is a monovalent substituent selected from the group consisting of hydride, halo, alkyl, aryl, silyl, germyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, amide, siloxy, and phosphine groups, and combinations thereof, said groups or combination having up to 20 non-hydrogen atoms; and A-is an inert, noncoordinating anion, and an alumoxane; the molar ratio of alumoxane to cationic complex being from 0.1:1 to 50:1.","label":"Catalyst","id":98}
{"sentence":"Hydrophilic, highly swellable hydrogelsThe present invention relates to hydrophilic, highly swellable hydrogels which are coated with non-reactive, water-insoluble film-forming polymers.1. Hydrophilic, highly swellable hydrogel, comprising a covalent crosslinked hydrophilic swellable hydrogel made from (co) polymerized hydrophilic monomers on a graft base or naturally occurring products which are swellable in aqueous liquid, coated with a non-reactive, water-insoluble film-forming polymer which forms a film on the hydrogel and said polymer has a film formation capacity in the temperature range between about -1° C. and about 130° C. and at the same time forms polymer films which are water-insoluble but permeable to water or swellable in aqueous solutions.","label":"Household","id":99}
{"sentence":"Melt blended high density polyethylene compositions with enhanced properties and method for producing the sameMelt blended HDPE compositions for single and dual wall corrugated HDPE pipe and associated fabricated and molded fittings and accessories with enhanced physical properties and processing and environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) characteristics and associated blend methods are disclosed in which virgin or recycled homopolymer and\/or copolymer HDPE resin components are blended. The invention discloses methods for 1) selecting and determining the relative weight fractions of the HDPE blending components that provide specific physical properties and processability of HDPE blended compositions associated with density and melt index respectively and specific values of environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) associated with specific molecular parameters and 2) for determining from molecular parameters, the ESCR of linear polyethylene resins and blended compositions within a class having similar densities. The invention reduces the cost of raw materials to corrugated HDPE pipe manufacturers by enabling the use of virgin prime commodity HDPE resins and\/or wide and off specification prime HDFE resins in place of single stream specialty HDPE resins and favorably impacts the environment by providing the capability of utilizing recycled HDPE resins in place of prime HDPE resins in the manufacture of corrugated HDPE pipe.1. A HDPE blended composition comprising at least two components wherein the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the blended composition is in the range from about 25,000 to about 50,000 grams per mole and wherein the first component is a low molecular weight (LMW) linear polyethylene and a second component is a high molecular weight (HMW) high density polyethylene (HDPE).","label":"HouseConst","id":100}
{"sentence":"Recycle processA method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid comprises: (a) contacting, in a reaction zone, an alkane with a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide, under conditions which produce a product gas comprising the unsaturated carboxylic acid, unreacted alkane and a product alkene; (b) recovering unreacted alkane and product alkene from the product gas; and (c) recycling the recovered unreacted alkane and product alkene to the reaction zone; wherein the mixed metal oxide consists of a material having the formula   AaMmNnXxOo    wherein A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, cerium and chromium, wherein N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of tellurium, bismuth and selenium, wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, platinum, bismuth, boron, indium, arsenic, germanium, tin, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, hafnium, lead, phosphorus, promethium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, gold, silver, palladium, gallium, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, iridium, neodymium, yttrium, samarium and terbium, wherein 0.25 <a<0.98, 0.003<m<0.5, 0.003<n<0.5, 0.003<x<0.5 and o is dependent on the oxidation state of the other elements. An analogous method for the preparation of unsaturated nitrites is also disclosed.1. A method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid comprises: (a) contacting, in a reaction zone, an alkane with a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide, under conditions which produce a product gas comprising said unsaturated carboxylic acid, unreacted alkane and a product alkene; (b) recovering unreacted alkane and product alkene from said product gas; and (c) recycling said recovered unreacted alkane and product alkene to said reaction zone, said reaction zone comprising at least two sub-zones which are disposed sequentially relative to one another, wherein said alkane passes through said sub-zones in sequential order; wherein each of said at least two sub-zones contains said catalyst which contains said mixed metal oxide which consists of a material having the formula AaMmNnXxOo wherein A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, cerium and chromium, wherein N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of tellurium, bismuth and selenium, wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, platinum, bismuth, boron, indium, arsenic, germanium, tin, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, hafnium, lead, phosphorus, promethium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, gold, silver, palladium, gallium, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, iridium, neodymium, yttrium, samarium and terbium, wherein 0.25<a<0.98, 0.003<m<0.5, 0.003<n<0.5, 0.003<x<0.5 and o is dependent on the oxidation state of the other elements, and wherein said catalyst in each of said at least two sub-zones has the same composition and catalyzes the conversion of said alkane to said unsaturated carboxylic acid.","label":"Catalyst","id":101}
{"sentence":"Vapor-liquid contact trays and method employing sameA mass transfer column ( 20 ) is provided with an external shell defining an open internal region. Centrifugal contact trays ( 26 ) and return contact trays ( 28 ) are positioned in an alternating and vertically spaced apart relationship within the open internal region. Each contact tray has a plurality of vapor passages ( 33 ) for allowing vapor to flow upwardly through the tray deck to interact with liquid on the surface of the tray deck. At least one center downcomer ( 40 ) extends downwardly at an opening in the return tray deck and has a lower discharge outlet spaced above the centrifugal tray deck for feeding liquid onto the centrifugal tray deck. A rotation-inducing element may be placed within the center downcomer ( 40 ) to induce a rotational motion in liquid exiting the center downcomer ( 40 ). At least one annular downcomer ( 36 ) extends downwardly the periphery of the centrifugal tray deck and has a lower discharge outlet spaced about the return tray deck for feeding liquid onto the return tray deck. At least one of the centrifugal contact trays is positioned a greater distance above an adjacent return contact tray than the distance at least one of the return contact trays is positioned above an adjacent centrifugal contact tray. The mass transfer column ( 20 ) may further include a single support ring ( 64 ), one or more baffles ( 68 ) or combinations thereof.1. A mass transfer column comprising: an external shell defining an open internal region; a plurality of return contact trays and centrifugal contact trays positioned in an alternating and vertically spaced apart relationship within the open internal region, wherein each said return contact tray comprises a tray deck having at least one opening for removing liquid from an upper surface of said return tray deck and a plurality of vapor passages for allowing vapor to flow upwardly through said return tray deck to interact with liquid on said upper surface of said return tray deck, wherein each said centrifugal contact tray comprises a tray deck having an upper surface, a periphery and a plurality of vapor passages for allowing vapor to flow upwardly through said centrifugal tray deck to interact with liquid on said upper surface of said centrifugal tray deck; at least one center downcomer extending downwardly at said opening in said return tray deck, said center downcomer having a lower discharge outlet spaced above said centrifugal contact tray deck for feeding said liquid onto said centrifugal contact tray deck; and at least one annular downcomer extending downwardly at said periphery of said centrifugal contact tray deck and having a lower discharge outlet spaced above said return tray deck for feeding said liquid onto said return tray deck, wherein at least one of said centrifugal contact trays is positioned a greater distance above an adjacent one of said return contact trays than a distance at least one of said return contact trays is positioned above an adjacent one of said centrifugal contact trays.","label":"HouseConst","id":102}
{"sentence":"Polymer mitigationEthylene is selectively oligomerized in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that is preferably operated in an isothermal manner using a chromium catalyst. The undesired formation of by-product polyethylene is mitigated by contacting the ethylene with hydrogen prior to adding the ethylene to the reactor and feeding the ethylene and hydrogen via a common feed port.1 . A continuous process for the oligomerization of ethylene in a liquid full, continuously stirred tank reactor, comprising the steps of: a) feeding ethylene, hydrogen and an oligomerization catalyst system to said reactor; b) oligomerizing said ethylene in the presence of said catalyst system and said hydrogen, characterized in that c) said ethylene and said hydrogen are contacted prior to being added to said reactor and are jointly added to said reactor via a common feed tube.","label":"Catalyst","id":103}
{"sentence":"Hydroformylation loop reactorsThis invention relates to improved hydroformylation reactors of the \"loop\" type comprising two parallel vertical tubes, one of said tubes having a supply tube at its base and acting as the ascending branch and the other of said tubes acting as the descending branch, and means connecting said tubes to one another at their top and bottom ends, the improvement comprising a tubular loop connecting said tubes at their upper ends, and an evacuation orifice for synthesis gases and excess liquid phase from said tubular loop, said orifice having a smaller diameter than the internal diameter of said tubular loop.1. In a hydroformylation reactor of the &quot;loop&quot; type comprising two parallel vertical tubes, one of said tubes having a supply tube at its base and acting as the ascending branch and the other of said tubes acting as the descending branch, and means connecting said vertical tubes to each other at their top and bottom ends, the improvement comprising: a. A tubular loop connecting said vertical tubes at their upper ends, and b. outlet means consisting of an evacuation orifice for removing synthesis gases and excess liquid phase from said tubular loop located along the vertical axis of said reactor, said orifice having a smaller diameter than the internal diameter of said tubular loop.","label":"Process","id":104}
{"sentence":"Curable silyl-containing polymer composition containing paint adhesion additiveA curable composition comprising a hydrolysable silyl-containing polymer and a silicone-containing paint adhesion additive that provide curable silyl-containing polymer composition which has improved adhesion of coatings, paints, adhesives, and other surface treatments thereto.1. A curable silyl-containing polymer composition comprising: a) at least one hydrolysable silyl-containing polymer represented by the general formula: wherein: R1is a monovalent or polyvalent organic polymer fragment having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 100,000 grams\/mole; each occurrence of R2is independently a divalent hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of divalent alkylene, alkenylene, arenylene, arylene and aralkylene, and, optionally, contains at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; each occurrence of A1is independently selected from divalent oxygen (—O—), sulfur (—S—) or substituted nitrogen of the structure (−)2NR3, wherein R3is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, arenyl, aryl, aralkyl or —R2SiX1X2X3group, wherein each R3, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and with the provisos that when A1is oxygen or sulfur, then A2is (−)2NR3and when a is 0, then A1is oxygen; each occurrence of A2is independently selected from divalent oxygen (—O—), sulfur (—S—) or substituted nitrogen of the structure (−)2NR3, wherein R3is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, arenyl, aryl, aralkyl or —R2SiX7X8X9group, wherein each R3, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and with the provisos that when A2is oxygen or sulfur, then A1is (−)2NR3; each occurrence of X1is independently selected from the group consisting of R4O—, R4C(═O)O—, R42C═NO—, R42C═CR4O—, and R42NO—wherein each R4is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, arenyl, aryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein each R4, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and, optionally, contains at least one oxygen or sulfur atom; each occurrence of X2and X3is independently selected from the group consisting of R4O—, R4C(═O)O—, R42C═NO—, R42C═CR4O—, R42NO—and R4wherein each R4is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, arenyl, aryl, and aralkyl groups, wherein each R4, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, optionally, contains at least one oxygen or sulfur atom; and, each occurrence of subscripts a and b is independently an integer wherein a is 0 or 1 and b is 1 to 6. b) at least one silicone-containing paint adhesion additive selected from the group consisting of: (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]20[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)10(CH2CH(CH3)O)20H)O—]3Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]50[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)10(CH2CH(CH3)O)20H)O—]8Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]75[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)10(CH2CH(CH3)O)20H)O—]10Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]75[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)22(CH2CH(CH3)O)8H)O—]10Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]100[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)10(CH2CH(CH3)O)20H)O—]15Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]50[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)10(CH2CH(CH3)O)10CH3)O—]5Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]70[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)35(CH2CH(CH3)O)40CH3)O—]5Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]70[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)15(CH2CH(CH3)O)15CH3)O—]5Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]75[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)15(CH2CH(CH3)O)15CH3)O—]5Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]100[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)15(CH2CH(CH3)O)20CH3)O—]15Si(CH3)3; (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]75[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)15(CH2CH(CH3)O)15COCH3)O—]5Si(CH3)3; and (CH3)3SiO—[Si(CH3)2O—]75[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)13(CH2CH(CH3)O)15H)O—]4—[SiCH3((CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)35(CH2CH(CH3)O)40H)O—]Si(CH3)3. c) optionally, at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of filler, plasticizer, thixotrope, antioxidant, ultra-violet stabilizer, adhesion promoter, cure catalyst, moisture scavenger, pigment, dye, surfactant, solvent and biocide.","label":"Automobile","id":105}
{"sentence":"FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS AND METHODS FOR THEIR MANUFACTUREA method for preparing a functionalized polymer, the method comprising the steps of (i) polymerizing monomer with a coordination catalyst to form a reactive polymer; and (ii) reacting the reactive polymer with a carboxylic or thiocarboxylic ester containing a silylated amino group.1 . A method for preparing a functionalized polymer, the method comprising the steps of: (i) polymerizing monomer with a coordination catalyst to form a reactive polymer; and (ii) reacting the reactive polymer with a carboxylic or thiocarboxylic ester containing a silylated amino group.","label":"Automobile","id":106}
{"sentence":"Method for producing modified conjugated diene rubber, modified conjugated diene rubber, and rubber compositionThis invention relates to a method for producing a modified conjugated diene rubber wherein the method involves: (a) a step in which a conjugated diene polymer having an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal active end and obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound with an aromatic vinyl compounds is reacted with a first alkoxysilane compound which has an alkoxysilyl group having two or more alkoxy groups and has a group protected by a protecting group wherein deprotection is possible to obtain a modified conjugated-diene polymer having an alkoxysilyl group; and (b) a step in which the modified conjugated-diene polymer is reacted with a second alkoxysilane compound which has an alkoxysilyl group.1. A method for producing a modified conjugated diene rubber, the method comprising: (a) reacting a conjugated diene polymer comprising an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal active end with a first alkoxysilane compound comprising: an alkoxysilyl group comprising two or more alkoxy groups; and a group protected by a protecting group and capable of being deprotected, to obtain a modified conjugated-diene polymer comprising a first alkoxysilyl group; and (b) reacting the modified conjugated-diene polymer comprising the first alkoxysilyl group with a second alkoxysilane compound comprising a second alkoxysilyl group in the presence of a condensation catalyst comprising a metallic element, to form a modified conjugated-diene rubber, wherein the conjugated diene polymer is obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound with an aromatic vinyl compound.","label":"Automobile","id":107}
{"sentence":"Acrylic elastomer compositionAn acrylic elastomer composition comprising (A) a halogen-containing acrylic elastomer, (B) a polyvalent carboxylic acid, (C) a quaternary onium salt and (D) a hydrotalcite can be vulcanized within a shorter vulcanization time to give a vulcanization product having distinguished normal state physical properties and compression set characteristics, even without any secondary vulcanization.1 . An acrylic elastomer composition, which comprises (A) a halogen-containing acrylic elastomer, (B) a polyvalent carboxylic acid, (C) a quaternary onium salt and (D) a hydrotalcite.","label":"Automobile","id":108}
{"sentence":"Silver-cadmium-zinc alloy catalyst for hydrogenation of acrolein to allyl alcoholThis invention provides a silver-cadmium-zinc alloy catalyst which is highly selective for hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated alcohol derivatives. Acrolein is hydrogenated to allyl alcohol in 70 percent yield at 100 percent conversion.1. A catalyst composition consisting essentially of a silver-cadmium-zinc alloy on a carrier substrate, wherein the atomic ratio of silver to cadmium in the alloy is in the range of between about 0.1 and 3 to 1, and the zinc is contained in the alloy in a quantity between about 0.001 and 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of alloy, and wherein the silver-cadmium-zinc alloy exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern which is substantially free of detectable unalloyed metal crystallite lines.","label":"Process","id":109}
{"sentence":"Outer sheath layer for power or communication cableA power or communications cable having an outer sheath layer made of a polyethylene composition including a base resin which comprises (A) a first ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction, and (B) a second ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction, wherein fraction (A) has a lower molecular weight than fraction (B), and the base resin has a molecular weight distribution Mw\/Mn of more than 14.1. A power or communications cable comprising an outer sheath layer made of a polyethylene composition comprising a base resin which comprises (A) a first ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction, (B) a second ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction, and (C) a third ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction in an amount of up to 20 wt % of the total base resin, wherein fraction (A) has a lower molecular weight than fraction (B), and the base resin has a molecular weight distribution Mw\/Mn of more than 14, and fraction (C) has an MFR2 of 0.1 g\/10 min or lower.","label":"HouseConst","id":110}
{"sentence":"Amine-containing alkoxysilyl-functionalized polymersAn amine-containing alkoxysilyl-functionalized polymer, a method of preparing a reactive polymer functionalized with an alkoxysilane functionalizing agent and further reacted with an amino alcohol, the resulting polymer, and vulcanizates thereof.1. A vulcanizate comprising the vulcanization product of a functionalized polymer that is prepared by reacting a reactive polymer with an alkoxysilane functionalizing agent to produce an alkoxysilyl-functionalized polymer; and reacting the alkoxysilyl-functionalized polymer with an amino alcohol, where the reactive polymer is a polydiene or a copolymer of styrene and 1,3-butediene.","label":"Automobile","id":111}
{"sentence":"Sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtureA sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture which, for improved abrasion characteristics with no significant deterioration in rolling resistance and in wet grip, comprises at least one functionalized diene rubber, the functionalization of which is along the polymer chain and\/or at the end and enables attachment to fillers, the diene rubber having a glass transition temperature Tg of −110 to −15° C., at least one aliphatic and\/or aromatic hydrocarbon resin with a softening point (ring and ball to ASTM E 28) of 50 to 150° C. and a mean molecular weight Mn of 200 to 2000 g\/mol, and a polydispersity D=Mw\/Mn of 1 to 5, and at least one filler.1. A sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, comprising at least one functionalized diene rubber, the functionalization of which is present along the polymer chain and\/or at the end, and permits coupling to fillers, where the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the diene rubber is from −110 to −15° C., at least one aliphatic and\/or aromatic hydrocarbon resin with a softening point (ring and ball in accordance with ASTM E28) of from 50 to 150° C. and with an average molar mass (Mn) of from 200 to 2000 g\/mol, and also with a polydispersity D=Mw\/Mn of from 1 to 5, wherein the aliphatic and\/or aromatic hydrocarbon resin is selected from the group consisting of terpene resins, C5-resins, C9-resins, cumarone-indene resins, and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) resins, aromatic resin produced from α-methylstyrene, and copolymers of the monomers of said resin types and at least one filler.","label":"Automobile","id":112}
{"sentence":"Method for detecting polymers in a solution, detector system and chromatography apparatus containing such a detector systemA method of quantitatively detecting a polymer in a solution of the polymer in a solvent is provided, which method comprises the steps of (a) adding to the solution a non-solvent for said polymer in a sufficient amount to make the resulting liquid turbid and (b) measuring the turbidity of the resulting liquid. A detecting device for detecting a polymer in a polymer-containing solution is also provided, which device comprises a line for supplying polymer-containing solution, a line for supplying non-solvent, a mixing chamber, a line connected to said mixing chamber for conveying the mixed liquid, and a detector for measuring turbidity in the mixed liquid, as well as an HPLC apparatus comprising a liquid separation system, especially a Gradient Polymer Elution Chromatography (GPEC).RTM. system, connected to said detecting device.1. A method of quantitatively detecting a polymer in a solution of the polymer in a solvent, comprising the steps of (a) adding to the solution a non-solvent for said polymer in a sufficient amount to make the resulting liquid turbid, (b) measuring the turbidity of the resulting liquid, and (c) relating the turbidity of the resulting liquid to known standards which standards correlate to the concentration of the polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":113}
{"sentence":"Catalysts for making polyolefins[00001] A process for making ethylene copolymers is disclosed. Ethylene copolymerizes with an α-olefin in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an activator and a silica-supported, bridged indenoindolyl metal complex having \"open architecture.\" The supported complex incorporates comonomers with exceptional efficiency, and the process gives ethylene copolymers having high molecular weights (Mw>100K) and very low densities (<0.910 g\/cm3). Open architecture catalysts that include bridging through the indolyl nitrogen of the indenoindolyl framework are also described. Additionally, supported and unsupported indeno[1,2-b]indolyl catalysts provide exceptional activities in the preparation of elastomeric polypropylene and ethylene copolymers.1. A catalyst system which comprises: (a) an activator; and (b) a bridged indeno[1,2-b]indolyl Group 4-6 transition metal complex having open architecture.","label":"Catalyst","id":114}
{"sentence":"High impact polymer and process for its productionA two step process for the production of high impact strength polymer compositions. The process includes reacting an acrylic and a vinyl aromatic with an elastomeric polymer, forming an intermediate reaction product containing acrylic and vinyl aromatic units grafted on to the elastomeric polymer backbone. Additional acrylic and vinyl aromatic are added and a final reaction product suitable for use in molding processes is produced. Preferably, both steps of the process are carried out in aqueous suspension. The product is made up of an insitu mixture of a graft polymer having elastomeric polymer backbone and a random polymer made up of units of vinyl aromatic and acrylic units.1. A suspension polymerization process for producing transparent, high impact resistant copolymers which comprises: (A) a first suspension polymerization step, at primary polymerization conditions in the presence of a suspending agent dissolved in water, said first step reacting an aqueous suspension of a block styrene-butadiene elastomeric copolymer, an acrylic monomer material, and styrene, said monomer material having the following formula: wherein R1is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R2is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, to form an intermediate bead prepolymer, said intermediate bead prepolymer containing said acrylic monomer and said styrene grafted onto the backbone of the elastomeric polymer; and (B) a second suspension polymerization step, at secondary polymerization conditions without adding further suspending agent, said second step reacting additional quantities of reactants consisting essentially of styrene and said acrylic monomer with said intermediate bead prepolymer while same is still suspended in the aqueous medium, the additional styrene and acrylic monomer thereby permeating said intermediate bead prepolymer for in situ reaction formulation of a final beaded polymer product blend of styrene and said acrylic monomer grafted onto said elastomeric polymer and a random copolymer of styrene and said acrylic monomer; said acrylic monomer and styrene together making up about 70 to 95 percent of the total charge of reactants in the entire process, about 1\/3 to about 2\/3 by weight of the total quantity of said acrylic monomer and styrene used in the entire process being added in said first polymerization reaction step with the remaining quantities of acrylic monomer and styrene being added in said second polymerization reaction step.","label":"Automobile","id":115}
{"sentence":"Filler layer for solar cell module and solar cell module using sameThe invention mainly aims to provide an economical filler layer for a solar cell module which is excellent in the adhesion property to a transparent front substrate and a backside protective sheet, does not worsen the working environments, and causes no adverse effect on a solar cell element or electrodes at the time of production. To accomplish the aim, the invention provides a filler layer for a solar cell module containing a silane-modified resin obtained by polymerizing an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and a polyethylene for polymerization and characterized in that the filler layer for a solar cell module has a gel fraction of 30% or lower when the filler layer for a solar cell module is used in a solar cell module.1. A filler layer for a solar cell module containing a silane-modified resin obtained by polymerizing an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and a polyethylene for polymerization, wherein the filler layer for a solar cell module has a gel fraction of 30% or lower after production of a solar cell module when the filler layer is used in the solar cell module, and further wherein practically no silanol condensation catalyst is contained in the filler layer.","label":"Construct","id":116}
{"sentence":"Highly water-absorptive powdery polymer compositionA highly water-absorptive powdery polymer composition comprising a mixture of a highly water-absorptive powdery polymer and a porous powder of a high-purity silicon dioxide, said powder having (a) a mean particle size of 0.1 to 30 μm as measured by the Coulter counter method and (b) a specific surface area of 500 m2\/g or more as measured by the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method.1. A water-absorptive powdered polymer composition comprising a mixture of a water-absorptive polymer produced from an acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their alkali metal salts and a porous powder of a silicon dioxide, said powder having (a) a mean particle size of 0.1 to 30 μm, a measured by the Coulter counter method, and (b) a specific surface area of 500 m2\/g or more as measured by the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method.","label":"Household","id":117}
{"sentence":"Method for Producing Water-Absorbent Polymer Particles with a Higher Permeability by Polymerising Droplets of a Monomer SolutionA process for preparing water-absorbing polymer beads with high permeability by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution, comprising monomers bearing acid groups, in a gas phase surrounding the droplets, wherein the monomer solution comprises polyvalent cations and the polymer beads have a mean diameter of at least 150 μm.1 . A process for preparing water-absorbing polymer beads comprising polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer bearing acid groups, b) at least one crosslinker, c) at least one initiator, and d) water, in a gas phase surrounding the droplets, wherein the monomer solution comprises polyvalent cations and the polymer beads have a mean diameter of at least 150 μm.","label":"Household","id":118}
{"sentence":"Modified resins and uses thereofModified thermoplastic hydrocarbon thermoplastic resins are provided, as well as methods of their manufacture and uses thereof in rubber compositions. The modified thermoplastic resins are modified by decreasing the relative quantity of the dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer oligomers as compared to the corresponding unmodified thermoplastic resin polymers, resulting in a product that exhibits a greater shift in the glass transition temperature of the elastomer(s) used in tire formulations. This translates to better viscoelastic predictors of tire tread performance, such as wet grip and rolling resistance. The modified thermoplastic resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the modified thermoplastic resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, snow performance, and wet braking performance.1. A method of manufacturing a modified thermoplastic resin, which comprises: polymerizing or co-polymerizing one or more of an unsaturated aliphatic monomer, terpenes, rosin acid, unsaturated cycloaromatic monomers, unsaturated cycloaliphatic monomers, unsaturated fatty acids, methacrylates, unsaturated aromatic monomers, vinyl aromatic monomers, and an unsaturated aliphatic\/aromatic monomer mixture; and selectively reducing the amount of oligomer in the modified thermoplastic resin, wherein the modified thermoplastic resin: has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between −50° C. and 160° C., has a number average molecular (Mn) weight of less than 3,000 g\/mol, has a z-average molecular weight (Mz) of less than 9,000 g\/mol, comprises less than or equal to 55 wt % oligomers by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or less than or equal to 38 wt % by high resolution thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and wherein oligomers consist of dimers, trimers, tetramer, pentamers, or a mixture thereof, of the one or more monomers.","label":"Automobile","id":119}
{"sentence":"Method for continuously operated pure distillation of oxiranes, especially propylene oxideThe invention relates to a continuously operated process for the purification by distillation of the oxirane formed in the oxirane synthesis by reaction of a hydroperoxide with an organic compound, wherein the crude oxirane is separated in a dividing wall column into low-, intermediate- and high-boiling fractions and the oxirane is taken off as intermediate boiler at the side offtake in a concentration of at least 99.9%.1. A continuously operated process for the purification by distilling a crude oxirane formed in an oxirane synthesis by reacting a hydroperoxide with an organic compound, the process comprising separating the crude oxirane by distilling the crude oxirane into low-, intermediate- and high-boiling fractions in a dividing wall column, and taking off purified oxirane as the intermediate boiler fraction at a side offtake, wherein the dividing wall column has from 30 to 120 theoretical plates, wherein the distillation is carried out at a temperature from 35 to 110° C. and a pressure from 1 to 10 bar, with the temperature being measured at the side offtake and the pressure being measured at the top of the column, and wherein the dividing wall column is configured as thermally coupled columns.","label":"Process","id":120}
{"sentence":"Yttria containing high-density chrome based refractory compositesThe invention presents yttria elements containing high-density chrome based refractory composites, which consist of: (A) Fused polymeric compound as aggregate, containing: 40 to 50 wt % of particles in size from 1 to 4 mm and 15 to 25 wt % of particles in size below 1 mm; (B) A matrix consisting of fused polymeric compounds with particle sizes below 66 μm, active sintered Al2O3, active industrial Cr2O3 and Y2O3, (C) Binders accounting for 2.5 to 3.5 wt %. Since Y2O3 has resistance to the slag corrosion and penetration with its compatibility with slag, it has been introduced to activate the major component Cr2O3 crystal lattice in favor with Al2O3 so that it helps to reduce the sintering temperature, increase the rate of finished products as well as reduce the manufacturing cost.1. Yttria containing high-density chrome based refractory composites consisting of: (A) fused polymeric compounds as aggregates, containing: (a) 40 to 50 wt % of particles in size from 1 to 4 mm; (b) 15 to 25 wt % of particles in size below 1 mm; (B) matrix consisting of fused polymeric compounds with particle sizes of below 66 μm, active sintered Al2O3, active industrial Cr2O3 and Y2O3 containing as follows: (a) 16 to 25 wt % of fused polymeric compound particles in size below 66 μm; (b) 3 to 7 wt % of active sintered Al2O3 particles in size below 5 μm; (c) 4 to 9 wt % of active industrial Cr2O3 particles in size below 44 μm; (d) 0.2 to 5 wt % of Y2O3 particles in size below 44 μm; (e) binders being added accounting for 2.5 to 3.5 wt %.","label":"Process","id":121}
{"sentence":"Process for the removal of gaseous monomers from polyvinyl chloride-water dispersionsA method for removing at least a portion of dissolved gases from a liquid dispersion utilizing a closed, cylindrical tower with an inlet in its upper portion, a tank at the bottom of the tower for collecting liquids, a central pipe in the tower open at each end, the upper end extending above the inlet and the lower end terminating above the level of the collected liquids in the tank and a plurality of inclined surfaces mounted around the central pipe and providing a flow path for the dispersion, each of the plurality of inclined surfaces being shaped and positioned to reverse the direction of flow and dimensioned to form an annular gap between the inclined surfaces and the wall of the tower, the inclined surfaces forming an angle of about 45° to 80° with the central pipe.1. A process for lowering the gaseous monomer content of solid-liquid dispersions obtained during the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride according to the suspension or emulsion method, comprising the steps of: flowing the dispersion over a succession of inclined surfaces forming an angle of about 45° to 80° with the vertical at temperatures of about 30°-90° C in a layer thickness of about 0.5 - 5 mm during a period of about 2-20 seconds; collecting the remaining dispersion and the gaseous phase of the monomers liberated by the flowing step; and removing the thus-liberated gaseous monomer directly from the interface between the dispersion and the gaseous phase of the monomers.","label":"HouseConst","id":122}
{"sentence":"PROCESS FOR PREPARING LOWER HYDROCARBONS FROM GLYCEROLThe present invention relates to a process of preparing hydrocarbons from oxygenated hydrocarbons by use of at least two catalysts.1 . A method of producing a hydrocarbon comprising two or three carbon atoms from glycerol, wherein the hydrocarbon only comprises carbon and hydrogen atoms, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing glycerol; converting glycerol to acrolein through use of a first catalyst, catalyzing de-hydration reactions; and converting the formed acrolein to the hydrocarbon comprising two or three carbon atoms, through use of a second catalyst catalyzing de-carbonylation reactions, or through use of a second catalyst catalyzing hydrogenation reactions and a third catalyst catalyzing de-hydration reactions.","label":"Catalyst","id":123}
{"sentence":"Functionalized polymer, rubber composition and pneumatic tireThe present invention is directed to a functionalized elastomer comprising the reaction product of a living anionic elastomeric polymer and a polymerization terminator of formula I    wherein R1is C1 to C4 linear or branched alkanediyl; Z is R2, —OR3, or —R4—X; R2, R3are independently C1 to C18 linear or branched alkyl; R4is C1 to C18 alkanediyl; X is halogen or a group of structure II, III, IV, V or VI    wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are independently H or C1 to C8 alkyl; R10is C2 to C8 alkanediyl; R11and R12are independently H, aryl or C1 to C8 alkyl; Q is N or a group of structure VII    wherein R13is C1 to C8 alkyl.1. A functionalized elastomer comprising the reaction product of a living anionic elastomeric polymer and a polymerization terminator of formula I wherein R1is C1 to C4 linear or branched alkanediyl; Z is R2, —OR3, or —R4—X; R2, R3are independently C1 to C18 linear or branched alkyl; R4is C1 to C18 alkanediyl; X is a group of structure II, III, IV, V or VI wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are independently H or C1 to C8 alkyl; R10is C2 to C8 alkanediyl; R11and R12are independently H, aryl or C1 to C8 alkyl; Q is N or a group of structure VII wherein R13is C1 to C8 alkyl.","label":"Automobile","id":124}
{"sentence":"POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINING MULTIARMED STAR COPOLYMERSThe invention concerns processes for the production of multiarmed star copolymers comprising polymerizing vinyl chloride with a multifunctional initiator in the presence of Na2S2O4 and water. The invention also concerns polymers made from the processes and articles made from the polymers.1 . A process for the production of a multiarmed star copolymer comprising polymerizing vinyl chloride with a multifunctional initiator in the presence of Na2S2O4 and water.","label":"HouseConst","id":125}
{"sentence":"PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POROUS SILICA, AND POROUS SILICAA porous silica which can be formed into various shapes excellent transparency, capable to be nanoparticulated, capable to be obtained at a high efficiency even when a cationic surfactant having 7 or less carbon atoms is used. Alkoxysilane is dispersed with a cationic surfactant in which a hydrophobic moiety has 2 to 7 of carbon atoms, and added water of which pH is adjusted to 0-2 with the amount of 2-4 equivalents to the alkoxysilane, and mildly hydrolyzed to obtain a monolithic mesoporous silica of which a pore diameter is not less than 0.5 nm and less than 2 nm. A pore diameter can be controlled by adding an organic silane to the system. By adding polyethylene glycol to the synthesis system, a monolithic mesoporous silica nanoparticle is obtained.21 . A method for producing a porous silica by hydrolyzing an alkoxysilane, comprising the following steps: (A) generating a mixture by mixing a surfactant and the alkoxysilane, wherein the mixture contains neither an alcohol solvent nor a water solvent; and, (B) hydrolyzing the alkoxysilane by adding water to the mixture, wherein the silica is formed with a template of a micelle of the surfactant by a hydrolyzation reaction under the condition when the stoichiometric ratio of the alkoxysilane:the water is 1:n, the alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed under the condition that n is 20 or less and pH is 0 to 2.","label":"IndustConst","id":126}
{"sentence":"Metal and oxides thereof and methods to make sameMetal oxides and metals are described. The metal oxides and metals, such as silica, are preferably obtained by removing a removable template to obtain a metal oxide or metal material. Applications and uses of the material are further described.1. A carrier for liquids comprising at least one liquid contained within a pyrogenic metal or oxide thereof, the pyrogenic metal or oxide thereof having a shell shape or a platelet shape that is non-linear and curved, wherein the pyrogenic metal or oxide thereof has a S-factor of from 0.05 to 0.98.","label":"IndustConst","id":127}
{"sentence":"Ortho substituted chiral phosphines and phosphinites and their use in asymmetric catalytic reactions3,3′-Substituted chiral biaryl phosphine and phosphinite ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition, epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. The metal complexes are particularly effective in Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of beta-ketoesters to beta-hydroxyesters and Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides to beta amino acids.1. A ligand represented by the formula or its enantiomer: wherein each X and X′ is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, OR, SR, NR 2 , COOR, and halide; wherein each Z and Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, OR, SR, NR 2 , COOR a d halide; or wherein Z and Z 1 together form the bridging group A-B-A 1 ; wherein each Z′, Z&Prime;, Z 1 ′ and Z 1 &Prime; is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, OR, S, NR 2 , COOR, and halide; or wherein Z′ and Z together form the bridging group A′-B-A; Z′ and Z together form a fused cycloaliphatic or aromatic group; Z 1 and Z 1 ′ together form the bridging group A 1 -B 1 -A 1 ′; and\/or Z 1 and Z 1 ′ together form a fused cycloaliphatic or aromatic group; wherein each A, A′, A 1 and A 1 ′ is independently selected from the group consisting of: O, CH 2 , NH, NR, S, CO and a bond; wherein each B and B 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: O, CH 2 , NH, NR, S, CO, SO 2 , and a bond; wherein each T is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkoxide, aryloxide, R, R′, and R&Prime;; or wherein two T groups together form an alkylene or arylene; wherein each T′ is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkoxide, aryloxide, R, R′, and R&Prime;; or wherein two T′ groups together form an alkylene or arylene; wherein each R, R′and R&Prime; is independently selected from th group consisting of: alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl of 1 to 22 carbon toms; or wherein two R groups, two R′ groups or two R&Prime; group together form an alkylene, arelene or substituted arylene group; and wherein each Y, Y′ and Y&Prime; is independently selected from the group consisting of: CH 2 and a bond between carbon and phosphorus; with the proviso that when the Y group at the 2′ position is a bond between carbon and phosphorus, X′ is hydrogen.","label":"Catalyst","id":128}
{"sentence":"Polymer blends and films made therefromPolymer blends and films made therefrom are provided. The polymer blend can include a first polyethylene having a density of less than about 0.940 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) greater than 0.75 g\/10 min, and a melt index ratio (I21\/I2) of less than 30. The polymer blend can also include a second polyethylene having a density of less than about 0.940 g\/cm, a melt index (I2) of less than 1 g\/10 min, a melt index ratio (I21\/I2) greater than 30, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) of less than 4.5.1. A polymer blend, comprising: a first polyethylene having a density of less than about 0.940 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) greater than 0.75 g\/10 min, a melt index ratio (I21\/I2) of less than 30, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) of from about 3.5 to about 5.5; and a second polyethylene having a density of less than about 0.940 g\/cm, a melt index (I2) of less than 1 g\/10 min, a melt index ratio (I21\/I2) greater than 30, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) of less than 4.5, Mw and Mn being determined using gel permeation chromatography, density being determined in accordance with ASTM D-792, I2 being determined using ASTM D-1238E (at 190° C., using a 2.16 kg weight) and I21 being determined using ASTM D-1238F (at 190° C., using a 21.6 kg weight).","label":"HouseConst","id":129}
{"sentence":"Process for producing improved superabsorbent polymer aggregates from finesImproved water absorbent polymers can be prepared by agglomerating acrylic acid gel polymer fines with small quantities of difunctional epoxides.1. A method of making an improved water-absorbent polymer from dried, crushed, and ground fines of absorbent acrylic acid gel polymers of the type capable of absorbing large quantities of fluid, and also containing from 50-99.999 mole percent of acrylic acid, which dried, crushed, and ground fines have an average particle size less than about 500 microns and which fines are obtained by drying, crushing, and grinding a polymer gel obtained from solution polymerization of acrylic acid and its salts, which method consists essentially of agglomerating said dried, crushed, and ground fines by adding thereto at least 0.05 percent by weight of a difunctional epoxide and from 1 to 20 percent of water, then mixing and reacting same with the fines, thereby agglomerating the fines to obtain an improved water absorbent agglomerated polymer having an increased particle size of from 5-30 times the size of the starting dried, crushed, and ground fines.","label":"Household","id":130}
{"sentence":"Method of treating the surface of an absorbent resinA method of treating the surface of an absorbent resin, which comprises mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of an absorbent resin powder possessing a carboxyl group (B) 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, (C) 0 to 50 parts by weight of water, and (D) 0 to 60 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent in a high-speed stirring type mixer provided with an inner surface formed substantially of a substrate (I) possessing a contact angle of not less than about 60° with respect to water and a heat distortion point of not lower than about 70° C. and completing reaction of said absorbent resin powder (A) with said cross-linking agent (B).1. A method of treating the surface of an absorbent resin, which comprises mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of an absorbent resin powder possessing a carboxyl group, (B) 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, said cross-linking agent possessing at least two functional groups capable of reacting with a carboxyl group, (C) 0 to 50 parts by weight of water, and (D) 0 to 60 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent in a high-speed stirring type mixer provided with an inner surface formed substantially of a substrate (I) possessing a contact angle of not less than about 60° with respect to water and a heat distortion point of not lower than about 70° C. under a condition of not less than about 600 m\/minute of a lead-end peripheral speed of a stirring blade and completing reaction of said absorbent resin powder (A) with said cross-linking agent (B).","label":"Household","id":131}
{"sentence":"Particulate superabsorbent polymer composition having improved performance propertiesThe present invention relates to a particulate superabsorbent polymer composition which absorbs water, aqueous liquids, and blood, and a process to make the superabsorbent polymers, wherein a superabsorbent polymer is surface treated with a neutralized multivalent metal salt solution having a pH value similar as that of human skin. The present invention also relates to particulate superabsorbent polymer composition having high Gel Bed Permeability and high Absorbency Under Load.1. A particulate superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a polymer comprising: a) from about 55 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomers; b) from 0 wt % to 40 wt % of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with a); c) from about 0.001 wt % to about 5.0 wt % based on the weight of a) of an internal crosslinking agent, wherein the components a), b) and c) are polymerized into a hydrogel which is granulated into particulate superabsorbent polymer having a surface; d) from about 0.001 wt % to about 5.0 wt % based on the dry particulate superabsorbent composition weight of surface crosslinking agent applied to the surface of the particulate superabsorbent polymer; and e) from 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the dry particulate superabsorbent composition weight of a neutralized multivalent metal salt applied to the surface of the particulate superabsorbent polymer, wherein said neutralized multivalent metal salt further comprises an organic acid or its salt, wherein the molar ratio of said organic acid to the multivalent metal is between about 0.75:1 to about 1.5:1, and wherein the neutralized multivalent metal is in the form of an aqueous solution having a pH value from about 5.5 to about 7 wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition has a degree of neutralization of from about 50 mol % to about 80 mol %; and the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition have a Gel Bed Permeability of from about 30 Darcy to about 100 Darcy as measured by the Free-Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test as set forth herein; a Centrifuge Retention Capacity of from about 25 g\/g to about 50 g\/g as measured by the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test as set forth herein, and an absorbency under load at 0.9 psi from about 16 g\/g to 24 g\/g as measured by the Absorbency Under Load Test (AUL(0.9 psi)) as set forth herein.","label":"Household","id":132}
{"sentence":"Polyamide polyurethane prepared by reaction of polyisocyanate with a 1,1-diamino ethylenePolyamide polyurethane polymers are disclosed that are derived from the reaction of (A) an organic polyisocyanate; (B) at least one organic polyol; and (C) a ketene-aminal having the formula wherein R1,R2,R3,and R4,when taken separately, are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl and, when taken together as R1with R2and R3with R4with the respective nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, represent independently heterocyclic groups having from 5 to 7 ring atoms, wherein the equivalent proportions of said polyol component (B) to said ketene-aminal component (C) fall within the range of about 1:4 to about 1:80 and the ratio of equivalents of said isocyanate to total equivalents of isocyanate reactive ingredients (B) plus (C) is within the range of about 0.95:1 to 6:1. The polymers find particular utility in the preparation of RIM parts which parts have essentially attained their optimum physical properties without the need of a thermal curing step.1. A polyamide polyurethane which comprises the product of reaction of A. an organic polyisocyanate; B. at least one organic polyol; and C. a ketene-aminal having the formula wherein R1,R2,R3,and R4,when taken separately, are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl and, when taken together as R1with R2and R3with R4with the respective nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, represent independently a heterocyclic group having from 5 to 7 ring atoms wherein the equivalent proportions of said polyol component (B) to said ketene-aminal component (C) fall within the range of about 1:4 to about 1:80 and the ratio of equivalents of said isocyanate to total equivalents of isocyanate reactive ingredients (B) plus (C) is within the range of about 0.95:1 to 6:1.","label":"Automobile","id":133}
{"sentence":"Bis-silyl tertiary aminesBis-silyl tertiary amines of the formula (I) ?(R1)bY)aR23-aSiR3!2NX wherein R1and R2are monovalent radicals, R3is a divalent radical, X is a monovalent carbonyl containing radical, Y is oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, a=1 to 3, and b=1 or 2 depending upon the valency of Y, provide controlled reactivity, crosslinking and good adhesion1. An amine comprising: [Equation] ?(R1)bY)aR23-aSiR3!2NX wherein R1and R2are each monovalent radicals; R3is a divalent linking group; a is 1 to 3; Y is oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; b is 1 or 2 depending upon the valency of Y; and wherein X is (R4)bZC(=O)CH(Q)CH(Q)- wherein Z is CH2,O, S or N, Q is H, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or C(=O)ZR4and R4is a hydrocarbon moiety of one to twenty carbon atoms, hydrogen, a silyl group or an organic polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":134}
{"sentence":"Method for recovering molybdenum and method for preparing catalystA method for obtaining a material containing recovered molybdenum for use in producing a catalyst from a molybdenum-containing material comprising at least molybdenum, A element (phosphorus and\/or arsenic) and X element (at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium), in particular, from a spent catalyst; and a method for producing a catalyst using said material containing recovered molybdenum. A particularly preferred catalyst is a catalyst for use in producing methacrylic acid through gas-phase catalytic oxidation.1 . A method for recovering molybdenum comprising the steps of: 1) dispersing a molybdenum-containing material which contains at least molybdenum, A element (phosphorus and\/or arsenic) and X element (at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium) in water and adding alkali to make pH of the resultant mixed liquid 8 or more; 2) adjusting pH of the resultant mixed liquid to fall within the range of from 6 to 12 followed by adding a compound containing magnesium and aqueous ammonia to form a precipitate containing at least magnesium and A element; and 3) separating the precipitate containing at least magnesium and A element formed in the step 2) from a solution containing at least molybdenum (recovered molybdenum-containing liquid).","label":"Catalyst","id":135}
{"sentence":"Monocyclopentadienyl complexes of chromium, molybdenum or tungstenSubstituted monocyclopentadienyl, monoindenyl, monofluorenyl and heterocyclopentadienyl complexes of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten in which at least one of the substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring carries a donor function which is bonded rigidly, not exclusively via sp3-hybridized carbon or silicon atoms, and a process for the polymerization of olefins.1. A substituted monocyclopentadienyl, monoindenyl, monofluorenyl or heterocyclopentadienyl complex of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten in which at least one of the substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring carries a neutral donor function which is bonded rigidly, not exclusively via sp3-hybridized carbon or silicon atoms.","label":"Catalyst","id":136}
{"sentence":"Particulate water-absorbent resin compositionAn object of the present invention is to provide a particulate water-absorbent resin composition which is so excellent that: the absorption ability in an initial short time is secured in some degree, and further, the absorption capacity lastingly increases over a long period, and also the liquid permeability and the liquid diffusibility can be secured. As a means of achieving this object, a particulate water-absorbent resin composition according to the present invention is a particulate water-absorbent resin composition comprising a carboxyl-group-containing water-absorbent resin in an amount of not smaller than 80 mass %, with the composition being characterized by being: not less than 20 g\/g in specific-particle-diameter absorption capacity under load (0.29 psi (2.00 kPa), 1 hour); and not less than 3 g\/g in specific-particle-diameter absorption index increment in 20 hours.1. A particulate water-absorbent resin composition, which is a particulate water-absorbent resin composition comprising at least two kinds of carboxyl-group-containing water-absorbent resins having different neutralization degrees in an amount of not smaller than 80 mass %, with the composition being: in the range of 320 to 700 μm in mass-average particle diameter; not less than 20 g\/g in absorption capacity under load (0.3 psi (2.06 kPa), 1 hour); and not less than 3 g\/g in absorption index increment in 20 hours.","label":"Household","id":137}
{"sentence":"Process for making fine particulate non-agglomerating chloropolyethyleneThe disclosure relates to a process for making fine particulate, non-agglomerating chloropolyethylene by subjecting pulverulent polyethylene to a chlorination reaction in aqueous or aqueous\/hydrochloric acid-suspension with chlorine gas at a temperature of about 20° to 140° C. in the presence of silicic acid and silicon oil, separating, washing and drying the chloropolyethylene. More particularly, the disclosure provides for the chlorination to be terminated and for the aqueous hydrochloric acid-suspension of chloropolyethylene to be then intensively mixed with an aqueous or aqueous\/hydrochloric acid-dispersion having talc as well as an orthophosphoric acid mono- and\/or diester or a polysiloxane by means of an emulsifier dispersed in it, and for the chloropolyethylene to be separated from the mixture, to be washed and dried.1. A process for making fine particulate, non-agglomerating chloropolyethylene by subjecting pulverulent polyethylene to a chlorination reaction in aqueous or aqueous\/hydrochloric acid-suspension with chlorine gas at a temperature of about 20° to 140° C. in the presence of silicic acid and silicon oil, separating, washing and drying the chloropolyethylene, which comprises: terminating the chlorination; intensively mixing the aqueous\/hydrochlorid acid suspension of chloropolyethylene with an aqueous or aqueous\/hydrochlorid acid-dispersion containing (A) about 2 to 6 weight % of talc, (B) 0.05 to 1 weight % of a fixing agent consisting of (a) an orthophosphoric acid monoester, an orthophosphoric acid diester or mixtures thereof wherein the ester radicals are alkyl radicals having 10 to 20 carbon atoms or polyoxyalkylene radicals having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or (b) a polysiloxane of the general formula in which R1and R2stand for alkyl, aryl or aralkyl radicals and x stands for a whole number of 10 to 10,000, the percentages of (A) and (B) being based on the chloropolyethylene quantity and (C) 0.5 to 2.5% by volume of a non-ionic dispersant, based on the volume of the chloropolyethylene suspension; separating the chloropolyethylene from the mixture, washing with water and drying the chloropolyethylene.","label":"HouseConst","id":138}
{"sentence":"Process for producing optically active 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenol and process for producing intermediate thereforCis-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadienylamine containing from 2 to 10% by weight cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadienylamine is prepared by subjecting a mixture of an alkylamine and isoprene in a molar ratio of 1:4 to 1:4.5 to telomerization at 80 to 100° C. for from 2.5 to 3.5 hours in the presence of an alkyllithium catalyst and\/or phenyllithium catalyst.1. A process for producing a cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienylamine compound represented by general formula (3): wherein R1and R2each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, containing from 2 to 10% by weight cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadienylamine compound represented by general formula (4): wherein R1and R2each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which comprises subjecting a mixture of an alkylamine and isoprene in a molar ratio of from 1:4 to 1:4.5 to telomerization at a reaction temperature of from 80 to 100° C. for from 2.5 to 3.5 hours in the presence of an alkyllithium catalyst and\/or phenyllithium catalyst.","label":"Automobile","id":139}
{"sentence":"Propylene ethylene polymersEthylene propylene copolymers, substantially free of diene, are described. The copolymers will have a uniform distribution of both tacticity and comonomer between copolymer chains. Further, the copolymers will exhibit a statistically insignificant intramolecular difference of tacticity. The copolymers are made in the presence of a metallocene catalyst.1. A copolymer comprising 5 to 25% by weight of ethylene-derived units and 95 to 75% by weight of propylene-derived units, the copolymer having: (a) a melting point of less than 90° C.; (b) a relationship of elasticity to 500% tensile modulus such that Elasticity&#8804;0.935M+12, where elasticity is in percent and M is the 500% tensile modulus in MPa; and (c) a relationship of flexural modulus to 500% tensile modulus such that Flexural Modulus&#8804;4.2 e 0.27M +50, where flexural modulus is in MPa and M is the 500% tensile modulus in MPa.","label":"Construct","id":140}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing isopropanol and 2-butanol from the corresponding alkanesA process for preparing alkanols (I) selected from the group consisting of isopropanol and 2-butanol from the corresponding alkanes (II) selected from the group consisting of propane and n-butane, comprising the steps of:  A) providing a starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II);  B) feeding the starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II) into a dehydrogenation zone and subjecting the alkane (II) to a dehydrogenation to the alkene (III) to obtain a product gas stream b comprising the alkene (III) and unconverted alkane (II), with or without high boilers, steam, hydrogen and low boilers;  C) at least compressing product gas stream b, optionally separating product gas stream b into an aqueous phase c 1, a phase c 2 comprising the alkene (III) and the alkane (II), with or without high boilers, and a gas phase c 3 comprising hydrogen and low boilers;  D) reacting product gas stream b or the phase c 2 comprising alkene (III) and alkane (II) with an organic acid (IV) in an esterification zone to obtain a product mixture d comprising the corresponding alkyl ester (V) of the organic acid and the unconverted alkane (II);  E) removing from product mixture d a gas stream e 1 which comprises an alkane (II) and is recycled into the dehydrogenation zone if appropriate, and a product mixture e 2 comprising the alkyl ester;  F) reacting the product mixture e 2 comprising the alkyl ester with water in an ester hydrolysis zone to give a product mixture f comprising the alkanol (I) and the organic acid (IV);  G) removing the alkanol (I) and the organic acid (IV) from product mixture f and, if appropriate, recycling the organic acid into the esterification zone.1. A process for preparing an alkanol (I) from its corresponding alkane (II), comprising: A) providing a starting gas stream (a) comprising said alkane (II); B) feeding said starting gas stream (a) into a dehydrogenation zone and dehydrogenating said alkane (II) to its correspending alkene (III) to obtain a product gas stream (b) comprising said alkene (III), unconverted alkane (II), steam, hydrogen, and low boilers, and optionally high boilers; C) compressing said product gas stream (b) and optionally separating said product gas stream (b) into an aqueous phase (c 1 ), a phase (c 2 ) comprising said alkene (III) and said alkane (II), and optionally comprising high boilers, and a gas phase (c 3 ) comprising hydrogen and low boilers; D) reacting said product gas stream (b) or said phase (c 2 ) with an organic acid (IV) in an esterification zone to obtain a product mixture (d) comprising the corresponding alkyl ester (V) of said organic acid (IV) and said unconverted alkane (II); E) removing from said product mixture (d) a gas stream (e 1 ), which comprises said alkane (II) and is optionally recycled into said dehydrogenation zone, and a product mixture (e 2 ) comprising said alkyl ester (V); F) reacting said product mixture (e 2 ) with water in an ester hydrolysis zone to give a product mixture (f) comprising said alkanol (I) and said organic acid (IV); G) removing said alkanol (I) and said organic acid (IV) from said product mixture (f) and optionally recycling said organic acid (IV) into said esterification zone; wherein said alkanol (I) is selected from the group consisting of isopropanol and 2-butanol; wherein when said alkanol (I) is isopropanol, its corresponding alkane (II) is propane and when said alkanol (I) is 2-butanol, its corresponding alkane (II) is n-butane; and wherein when said alkane (II) is propane, its corresponding alkene (III) is propene and when said alkane is n-butane, its corresponding alkene (III) are butenes.","label":"Process","id":141}
{"sentence":"Process for making renewable source-based citrate esters and acylated citrate estersImproved processes are described for making trialkyl esters and acylated trialkyl esters of carboxylic acids, as well as epoxidized trialkyl esters and acylated trialkyl carboxylate esters, such as are used in developing plasticized PVC compositions. In particular, processes are described for conducting the esterification and acylation steps involved in making the acylated trialkyl esters in a single vessel without an intermediate purification step, by means of a Lewis acid metal triflate catalyst.1. A process for making an acylated trialkyl citrate ester or mixture of such esters, comprising a) forming a trialkyl citrate ester or esters by reacting citric acid, citric acid anhydride or citric acid chloride with one or more alcohols to substantial completion in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a Lewis acid metal triflate catalyst while continually removing azeotropic water under reflux conditions, then b) in the same vessel and with the same Lewis acid metal triflate catalyst performing an acylation of the trialkyl citrate ester or esters by reaction with an acyl donor, and c) recovering at least a portion of the catalyst from the same vessel for reuse, wherein the process is performed without an intermediate step of isolating or purifying the trialkyl citrate ester or esters before the acylation thereof.","label":"HouseConst","id":142}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing vinyl chloride polymerPolyvinyl chloride is prepared by suspension polymerization of a monomeric charge of vinyl chloride dispersed and suspended in an aqueous medium while agitating the suspension. An oil-soluble partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol is added to the monomeric charge as a dispersant at the start of polymerization. A water-soluble partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol and\/or a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is continuously added as a suspending agent from the start of polymerization. The suspending agent is entirely added while the polymerization rate is in the range of 5-50%. The agitating power applied to the aqueous suspension is 50-110 kg·m\/s·ton while the suspending agent is being added, and increased above 110 kg·m\/s·ton after the completion of addition. The resulting polymer has a high bulk density and a sharp particle size distribution and is susceptible to extrusion.1. A process for preparing a vinyl chloride polymer by suspension polymerization of a monomeric charge containing vinyl chloride dispersed and suspended in an aqueous medium while agitating the suspension in a reactor, characterized in that (1) a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 150 to 600 and a degree of saponification of 20 to 55 mol % is added to the monomeric charge as a dispersant in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the monomeric charge before polymerization is started, (2) a suspending agent selected from the group consisting of (A) a water-soluble partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 700 to 3,000 and a degree of saponification of 70 to 85 mol %, (B) a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose having a degree of methoxy substitution of 26 to 30% by weight, a degree of hydroxypropoxy substitution of 4 to 15% by weight, and a viscosity of 5 to 4,000 centipoise as measured in a 2% by weight aqueous solution at 20° C., and mixtures thereof is used in an amount of 0.03 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the monomeric charge and added continuously from the start of polymerization and entirely while the polymerization rate is in the range of 5% to 50%, and (3) the agitating power applied to the aqueous suspension in the reactor is 80 to 100 kg·m\/s·ton while said suspending agent is being added, and increased above 110 kg·m\/s·ton after the completion of addition.","label":"HouseConst","id":143}
{"sentence":"Absorbent ingestible agents and associated methods of manufacture and useAppetite suppression and weight management achieved through pre-meal ingestion of temporary gastric bulking agents in the form of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels (SAPHs) selected from among a group consisting of crosslinked polycarboxylic acid moieties is described. The preferred compositions and manufacturing methods of ultrapure preparations of ingestible forms; as well as the preferred methods of use, dosage and administration; distribution and delivery of SAPH materials are also described.1. A gastric bulking composition for oral delivery comprising a dissolvable capsule comprising non-digestible resin particles of a polyacrylic acid homopolymer or salt thereof crosslinked with a polyethylene glycol non-vinyl crosslinker; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the resin particles have an average pre-swell size of from about 100 nm to about 1 mm, and wherein the composition exhibits a swelling ratio of at least 200 in free water within a gastric environment; and wherein from about 5% by weight to about 20% by weight of the total amount of resin particles in the composition are resin particles retained on a 500 micron mesh, from about 25% by weight to about 90% by weight of the total amount of resin particles in the composition are resin particles retained on a 180 micron mesh, and from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight of the total amount of resin particles in the composition are resin particles retained on a 106 micron mesh.","label":"Household","id":144}
{"sentence":"Silicon and fluorine-treated alumina containing a chromium catalyst and method of producing sameIn one embodiment of this invention a surface silicated alumina composition, as opposed to conventional silica alumina, is provided. Such composition may also be fluorided and\/or phosphated or phosphited. The resulting compositions are broadly useful but are of particular applicability as supports for chromium olefin polymerization catalysts. In another aspect alumina is fluorided and used with hexavalent chromium catalyst and a co-catalyst or in the alternative with an organochromium catalyst. If desired the support in this embodiment can also be phosphated or phosphited. In another embodiment, aluminum phosphate is formed in the pores of alumina. In contrast with alumina catalyst supports of the prior art, the supports of this invention allow for the production of olefin polymers at high rates of productivity. Also novel high density ultrahigh molecular weight polymers are produced.1. A method of producing a surface silicated and fluorided alumina catalyst composition comprising contacting said alumina with a silicating agent in solution or in vaporous form and thereafter converting said silicating agent to silica on the surface of said alumina, said alumina also being subjected to a treatment with a fluoriding agent, said fluoriding agent being present in an amount to give 0.5 to 3 weight percent fluorine on said alumina based on the weight of said alumina, introducing a chromium component onto said alumina to produce said catalyst, and combining said catalyst with a cocatalyst selected from organoboron compounds and organoaluminum compounds.","label":"Catalyst","id":145}
{"sentence":"Complex Oxide Catalyst of Bi\/Mo\/Fe for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of 1-Butene to 1,3-Butadiene and Process ThereofThe present invention relates to a complex oxide catalyst of Bi\/Mo\/Fe and an oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene in the presence of a catalyst herein. A catalyst of the present invention is superior to the conventional Bi\/Mo catalyst in thermal and mechanical stabilities, conversion and selectivity toward 1,3-butadiene, while showing a long-term catalytic activity.1 . A process of preparing Bi\/Mo\/Fe complex metal oxide catalyst for the preparation of 1,3-butadiene, the process comprising: (a) mixing a Bi precursor solution and a Fe precursor solution; (b) adding the mixed solution to a Mo precursor solution and adjusting the pH with a basic solution; (c) conducting a hydrothermal reaction of the pH-adjusted solution to provide a product of the hydrothermal reaction; and (d) drying and calcining the product.","label":"Catalyst","id":146}
{"sentence":"Modified block copolymer compositionA modified block copolymer composition comprising (1) 100 parts by weight of a modified block copolymer consisting of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and conjugated dienes, containing a functional group having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a silanol group and an alkoxysilane group, or a hydrogenation product of the copolymer, and (2) 0.5 to 50 parts by weight at least one of fillers selected from the group consisting of silica-based inorganic fillers, metal oxides and metal hydroxides is disclosed. This modified block copolymer composition is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical strength, transparency, abrasion resistance, and processability.1. A modified block copolymer composition comprising: (1) a modified block copolymer consisting of a polymer block A comprising primarily a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a polymer block B comprising primarily a conjugated diene, or a hydrogenation product of the copolymer, and (2) at least one of fillers selected from the group consisting of silica-based inorganic fillers, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, wherein the molecular chain of the component (1) has at the terminals thereof a functional group having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a silanol group, and an alkoxysilane group; the component (1) has a content of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon of 5 to 95% by weight; the amount of the component (2) is 0.5 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the component (1); and the component (2) has an average particle size in a dispersion of 0.01 to 0.3 μm.","label":"Automobile","id":147}
{"sentence":"Process for producing water-absorbing polymer particlesA process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising polymerization of a monomer solution or suspension, classification and drying of the resulting moist polymer gel, and comminution of the coarse fraction removed in the classification of the moist polymer gel, wherein the classification of the moist polymer gel is performed by means of a plurality of bar decks arranged in a cascade in a vibrating frame.1. A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising A. polymerizing a monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears an acid group and optionally is partly neutralized, b) at least one crosslinker, c) at least one initiator, d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer mentioned under a) and e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymer, B. classifying the resulting moist polymer gel, wherein the classifying of the moist polymer gel is performed by means of a plurality of bar decks arranged in a cascade in a vibrating frame, C. comminuting a coarse fraction removed in the classification of the moist polymer gel, then D. drying the resulting comminuted moist polymer gel.","label":"Household","id":148}
{"sentence":"Low volatility solvent-based method for forming thin film nanoporous aerogels on semiconductor substratesThis invention has enabled a new, simple thin film nanoporous dielectric fabrication method. In general, this invention uses glycerol, or another low volatility compound, as a solvent. This new method allows thin film aerogels\/low density xerogels to be made without supercritical drying, freeze drying, or a surface modification step before drying. Thus, this invention allows production of nanoporous dielectrics at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, without a separate surface modification step. Although this new method allows fabrication of aerogels without substantial pore collapse during drying, there may be some permanent shrinkage during aging and\/or drying. This invention allows controlled porosity thin film nanoporous aerogels to be deposited, gelled, aged, and dried without atmospheric controls. In another aspect, this invention allows controlled porosity thin film nanoporous aerogels to be deposited, gelled, rapidly aged at an elevated temperature, and dried with only passive atmospheric controls, such as limiting the volume of the aging chamber.1. A method for forming a thin film nanoporous dielectric on a semiconductor substrate, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a semiconductor substrate comprising a microelectronic circuit; b) depositing an aerogel precursor sol upon the substrate; wherein the aerogel precursor sol comprises an aerogel precursor reactant selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides, at least partially hydrolyzed metal alkoxides, particulate metal oxides, and combinations thereof, and a first solvent comprising glycerol; wherein the molar ratio of the molecules of the glycerol to the metal atoms in the reactant is at least 1:16; c) allowing the deposited sol to create a gel, wherein the gel comprises a porous solid and a pore fluid; and d) forming a dry, nanoporous dielectric by removing the pore fluid without substantially collapsing the porous solid; wherein the forming step is performed in a drying atmosphere, and the pressure of the drying atmosphere during the forming step is less than the critical pressure of the pore fluid.","label":"IndustConst","id":149}
{"sentence":"Binding method of water absorbent resinAqueous liquid and moisture vapor are added to water absorbent resin powder so that particles of the water absorbent resin powder are bound. Supplying the aqueous liquid and moisture vapor to the water absorbent resin powder reduces the amount of particles that remain unbound (ungranulated) and increases the concentration of the water absorbent resin bound particles to provide improved drying efficiency and to obtain particulate water absorbent resin having excellent properties even when the bound particles are highly concentrated. The present invention provides (i) a method for binding water absorbent resin and (ii) a method for producing particulate water absorbent resin including the step of binding particles of water absorbent resin powder.1. A method for binding water absorbent resin, comprising the step of adding aqueous liquid and adding saturated moisture vapor to water absorbent resin powder so as to bind particles of the water absorbent resin powder, where the aqueous liquid and saturated moisture vapor are added at the same time to the water absorbent resin powder, and wherein 50 to 10 parts by weight of the aqueous liquid is added to 50 to 90 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin powder so that a total amount is 100 parts, the water absorbent resin powder containing an acid group and\/or its salt (neutralized product), and the water absorbent resin powder including 10 wt % or less of water with respect to the total weight of the water absorbent resin.","label":"Household","id":150}
{"sentence":"High permeability superabsorbent polymer compositionsThe invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymeric composition that are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups wherein the absorptive crosslinked polymer may be coated with a polymeric coating, and have improved properties, in particular in respect of their capacity for transportation of liquids in the swollen state, and which have a high capacity and a high gel bed permeability.1. A high-capacity superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a superabsorbent polymer comprising: a) from about 55% to about 99.9% by weight of polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer, based on the superabsorbent polymer; and b) from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of internal crosslinking agent based on the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer; wherein the superabsorbent polymer has a degree of neutralization of greater than about 25%; wherein elements a) and b) are polymerized and prepared into superabsorbent polymer particles and further comprising the following surface additives to form surface treated superabsorbent polymer particles treated with i) from about 0.01 to about 2% by weight of an inorganic metal compound, wherein said inorganic metal compound is selected from calcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, or iron phosphate, based on the dry superabsorbent polymer composition, and ii) from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of cationic polymer based on the superabsorbent polymer composition and iii) from about 0.01% to about 0.5% of a thermoplastic polymer that is selected from polyolefin, polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, styrene copolymers, ethylene alkyl methacrylate copolymer, polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide, polyester, blends thereof, or copolymers thereof wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition exhibits a free swell gel bed permeability of from 10 Darcy to about 47 Darcy as measured by the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test.","label":"Household","id":151}
{"sentence":"P—N—P ligandA new P-N-P ligand is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium; and ii) an activator such as methylalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of high purity alpha olefins. In a preferred embodiment, the ligand of this invention enables a selective oligomerization in which the majority of the liquid product is a mixture of hexene and octene. The amount of by-product polymer that is produced in preferred oligomerization reactions is advantageously low.1. A ligand defined by the formula: wherein Ar1 is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbyl and aromatic heterohydrocarbyl; ArF is an aromatic fluorocarbyl oxide; Ar3 and Ar4 are independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbyl; aromatic heterohydrocarbyl and aromatic fluorocarbyl oxide; and R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl and heterohydrocarbyl.","label":"Catalyst","id":152}
{"sentence":"Method of producing nanopatterned articles using surface-reconstructed block copolymer filmsNanopatterned surfaces are prepared by a method that includes forming a block copolymer film on a substrate, annealing and surface reconstructing the block copolymer film to create an array of cylindrical voids, depositing a metal on the surface-reconstructed block copolymer film, and heating the metal-coated block copolymer film to redistribute at least some of the metal into the cylindrical voids. When very thin metal layers and low heating temperatures are used, metal nanodots can be formed. When thicker metal layers and higher heating temperatures are used, the resulting metal structure includes nanoring-shaped voids. The nanopatterned surfaces can be transferred to the underlying substrates via etching, or used to prepare nanodot- or nanoring-decorated substrate surfaces.1. A method of preparing a nanopatterned surface, comprising: forming a block copolymer film on a substrate; wherein the block copolymer film has a thickness and comprises a major phase and a minor phase; and wherein the minor phase comprises cylindrical domains extending through the thickness of the block copolymer film; annealing the block copolymer film in an annealing solvent vapor to form an annealed block copolymer film; surface reconstructing the annealed block copolymer film to form a surface-reconstructed block copolymer film; wherein the surface-reconstructed block copolymer film comprises a major phase layer comprising the major phase and being in contact with a surface of the substrate, and a minor phase layer comprising the minor phase and being in contact with a surface of the major phase layer opposite the substrate; wherein the surface-reconstructed block copolymer film defines an array of cylindrical pores; and wherein the surface reconstructing the annealed block copolymer film comprises immersing the annealed block copolymer film in a solvent comprising a C1-C3 alkanol; depositing a metal on the surface reconstructed block copolymer film to form a metal-coated block copolymer film comprising a metal layer contacting the minor phase layer on a surface of the minor phase layer opposite the major phase layer; and heating the metal-coated block copolymer film to form a redistributed metal-coated block copolymer film in which at least a portion of the metal has been transferred into the cylindrical pores.","label":"IndustConst","id":153}
{"sentence":"Recovery of phenol and acetone from bisphenol-A streamsIn a method of recovering phenol and acetone from a feed stream containing bisphenol-A and isomers thereof, the feed stream is contacted with water and a source of hydroxyl ions under conditions effective to decompose at least part of said bisphenol-A and isomers thereof to phenol and acetone. The conditions include a temperature of about 150° C. to about 300° C., a pressure sufficient to keep the water substantially in the liquid phase at said temperature, and a molar ratio of hydroxyl ions to hydroxyphenyl groups in the residue stream from about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1.1. A method of recovering phenol and acetone from a feed stream containing bisphenol-A and isomers thereof, the method comprising contacting the feed stream with water and a source of hydroxyl ions under conditions effective to decompose at least part of said bisphenol-A and isomers thereof to phenol and acetone, said conditions including a temperature of about 150° C. to about 300° C., a pressure sufficient to keep the water substantially in the liquid phase at said temperature, and a molar ratio of hydroxyl ions to hydroxyphenyl groups in the residue stream from about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1.","label":"Process","id":154}
{"sentence":"Process for producing modified polymer modified polymer obtained by the process and rubber compositionProvided is a process for producing a modified polymer, characterized by carrying out primary modification in which a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is reacted with the active site of a polymer having an active site of an organic metal type in a molecule and then carrying out secondary modification in which the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is further reacted therewith. This makes it possible to provide a modified polymer which enhances interactions with silica and carbon black when used for both of silica-blended and carbon black-blended rubber compositions and which elevates the fracture characteristic, the abrasion resistance and the low heat buildup property at the same time and can exhibit a good workability.1. A process for producing a modified polymer, characterized by carrying out primary modification in which a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I is reacted with the active site of a polymer having an active site of an organic metal in a molecule and then carrying out secondary modification in which the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound II or unreacted hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I is further reacted therewith.","label":"Automobile","id":155}
{"sentence":"Dual metallocene catalysts for polymerization of bimodal polymersThis invention relates to catalyst compositions, methods, and polymers encompassing at least one first Group 4 metallocene compound comprising bridging η5-cyclopentadienyl-type ligands, in combination with at least one second Group 4 metallocene with non-bridging η5-cyclopentadienyl-type ligands, typically in combination with at least one cocatalyst, and at least one activator. The compositions and methods disclosed herein provide ethylene polymers with a bimodal molecular weight distribution.1. A composition comprising a contact product of: 1) at least one first metallocene; 2) at least one second metallocene; and 3) at least one activator-support, wherein: a) the at least one first metallocene comprises an ansa-metallocene having the formula: (X1)(X2)(X3)(X4)M1  (M1-A),  wherein M1is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium; (X1) and (X2) are independently a substituted cyclopentadienyl, a substituted indenyl, or a substituted fluorenyl; one substituent on (X1) and (X2) is a bridging group having the formula ER1R2, wherein E is a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, or a tin atom, and E is bonded to both (X1) and (X2), and wherein R1and R2are independently an alkyl group or an aryl group, either of which having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen, wherein at least one of R1and R2is an aryl group; at least one substituent on (X1) or (X2) is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having up to 12 carbon atoms; (X3) and (X4) are independently: 1) F, Cl, Br, or I; 2) a hydrocarbyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, H, or BH4; 3) a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a trihydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 20 carbon atoms; or 4) OBRA2 or SO3RA, wherein RAis an alkyl group or an aryl group, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and any additional substituent on the substituted cyclopentadienyl, substituted indenyl, substituted fluorenyl, or substituted alkenyl group is independently an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a cyclic group, a combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups, an oxygen group, a sulfur group, a nitrogen group, a phosphorus group, an arsenic group, a carbon group, a silicon group, or a boron group, any of which having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a halide; or hydrogen; b) the at least one second metallocene comprises an unbridged metallocene having the formula: i) (X5)(X6)(X7)(X8)M2  (M2-A),  wherein M2is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium; (X5) and (X6) are independently a cyclopentadienyl, an indenyl, a substituted cyclopentadienyl, or a substituted indenyl; (X7) and (X8) are independently: 1) F, Cl, Br, or I; 2) a hydrocarbyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, H, or BH4; 3) a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a trihydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 20 carbon atoms; or 4) OBRB2 or SO3RB, wherein RBis an alkyl group or an aryl group, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and any substituent on the substituted cyclopentadienyl or substituted indenyl is independently an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a cyclic group, a combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups, an oxygen group, a sulfur group, a nitrogen group, a phosphorus group, an arsenic group, a carbon group, a silicon group, or a boron group, any of which having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a halide; or hydrogen; ii) (X9)(X10)(X11)(X12)M3  (M3-A),  wherein M3is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium; (X9) is a substituted cyclopentadienyl group, wherein one substituent is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups, any of which having up to 20 carbon atoms; (X10) is a substituted indenyl group, wherein one substituent is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups, any of which having up to 20 carbon atoms; (X11) and (X12) are independently: 1) F, Cl, Br, or I; 2) a hydrocarbyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, H, or BH4; 3) a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a trihydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 20 carbon atoms; or 4) OBRC2 or SO3RC, wherein RCis an alkyl group or an aryl group, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and any additional substituent on the substituted cyclopentadienyl or substituted indenyl is independently an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a cyclic group, a combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups, an oxygen group, a sulfur group, a nitrogen group, a phosphorus group, an arsenic group, a carbon group, a silicon group, or a boron group, any of which having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a halide; or hydrogen; or iii) any combination thereof; and c) the at least one activator-support comprises a solid oxide treated with an electron-withdrawing anion.","label":"Catalyst","id":156}
{"sentence":"Preparation of super absorbent polymersA process for preparing coated water-absorbing compositions, especially for use in personal hygiene products, comprises coating a super-absorbent polymeric material with an aqueous coating medium which besides water comprises at least one (or more) polyhydric alcohol(s) having hydroxyl substituents on non-adjacent carbon atoms, the said medium being substantially free of organic solvents.1 . A process for preparing a coated water-absorbing composition, which process comprises coating a super-absorbent polymeric material with an aqueous coating medium that besides water comprises at least one polyhydric alcohol having hydroxyl substituents on non-adjacent carbon atoms, and wherein the medium is substantially free of an organic solvent.","label":"Household","id":157}
{"sentence":"Polymer mixture of hydrogels with different pH valueThe present invention relates to polymer mixtures comprising hydrogel forming polymers capable of absorbing aqueous fluids, having different pH values and each being preparable by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, their preparation, use and hygiene articles containing same. More particularly, the invention relates to 2-component polymer mixtures comprising polymers having a pH range from acidic to neutral.1. A polymer mixture comprising hydrogel forming polymers having different pH values below pH 7 and each prepared by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids or a salt, ester, or anhydride thereof.","label":"Household","id":158}
{"sentence":"Transition metal compounds, polymerization catalysts for olefins, olefin polymers and process for their productionUseful as a catalyst component for polymerizing olefin is the transition metal compound of the present invention represented by Formula (I):           wherein M represents a transition metal compound of the fourth group in the periodic table; X represents a σ bonding ligand; Y represents a Lewis base; T represents a group containing a σ bonding atom; E is a specific group containing an atom which can coordinate with M via a lone pair; q is 1 or 2 and represents [(valency of M)&minus;2]; r represents an integer of 0 to 3; R 1 to R 4 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group or a hetero atom-containing group.1. A transition metal compound represented by Formula (I): wherein M represents a transition metal compound of the fourth group in the periodic table; X represents a σ bonding ligand which is bonded to M, and when plural X'ss are present, plural X'ss may be the same as or different from each other; Y represents a Lewis base, and when plural Y'ss are present, plural Y'ss may be the same as or different from each other; T represents a group containing a σ bonding atom which is bonded to M; E is a group containing an atom which can coordinate with M via a lone pair and E represents —SR 5 , —SeR 5 , —NR 5 2 , —PR 5 2 or —P(O)R 5 2 ; q is 1 or 2 and represents [(valency of M)&minus;2]; r represents an integer of 0 to 3; R 1 to R 4 and R 5 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a hetero atom-containing group; R 1 to R 4 may be the same as or different from each other and may form a ring together with an adjacent group; and when plural R 5 'ss are present, plural R 5 'ss may be the same as or different from each other.","label":"Catalyst","id":159}
{"sentence":"Extrusion coatingAn extrusion coated substrate having a coating comprising a polyethylene produced by polymerization catalysed by a single site catalyst and comprising as comonomers to ethylene at least two C4-12 alpha olefins.1 . An extrusion coated substrate having a coating comprising a polyethylene produced by polymerization catalysed by a single site catalyst and comprising as comonomers to ethylene at least two C4-12 alpha olefins.","label":"HouseConst","id":160}
{"sentence":"Preparation of acrylic acid derivatives from α- or β-hydroxy carboxylic acidsThe invention is directed to a process for the preparation of α,β-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The α,β-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and\/or esterification catalysts. The α,β-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and\/or amidation catalyst. The source of α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.1. A process for preparing an α, β-unsaturated amide, α,β-unsaturated N-substituted amide or α,β-unsaturated N,N-disubstituted amide of formula (I) wherein R1, and R2 are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or R1 and R2 can form a ring, wherein the ring is selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, piperidine and pyrrolidine, R3 is H or C1-C4 alkyl and R4 is H, methyl or ehtyl which process comprises the steps of a) forming an aqueous solution comprising at least one of an α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acid; an α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic salt; an α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic ester; or cyclic lactide, 3,6-dimethyl-1, 4-dioxane-2, 5-dione and b) heating the aqueous solution of step a) in the presence of an amine or an amine salt of the α- or β-hydroxycarboxylic acid, wherein amidation and dehydration occurs optionally in the presence of a dehydration and\/or amidation catalyst.","label":"Catalyst","id":161}
{"sentence":"Curable resin compositionTo provide a two-pack type curable resin composition capable of securing a sufficient working life and having excellent curing property, in particular, deep curing property. The two-pack type curable resin composition includes: a first liquid containing a silyl group-denatured urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate group and an alkoxysilyl group in one molecule thereof and a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more; and a second liquid containing a curing agent.1. A two-pack type curable resin composition comprising: a first liquid containing an epoxy resin and a silyl group-denatured urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate group and an alkoxysilyl group in one molecule thereof and a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more; and a second liquid containing a polyamine compound and an alkoxysilyl group-condensation catalyst as a curing agent, wherein the isocyanate compounds from which the silyl group-denatured urethane prepolymer is derived contain at least one isocyanate group bonded to an aliphatic secondary or tertiary carbon atom.","label":"Automobile","id":162}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing (meth)acrylic acidThis invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid which utilizes an aqueous stream which includes recycled wastewater, at least part of which is stripped of undesirable components in a stripping column prior to being recycled to an acrylic acid absorber.1. A process for preparing (meth)acrylic acid, comprising: (A) feeding to an absorption tower (i) a mixed product gas from the catalytic oxidation of at least one hydrocarbon material with a molecular oxygen containing gas, and (ii) an aqueous stream comprising recycled wastewater and less than 3.0 percent by weight acetic acid; (B) contacting the mixed product gas with the aqueous stream in the (C) absorption tower to form an aqueous (meth)acrylic acid stream; and (C) feeding the aqueous (meth)acrylic acid stream to a distillation column, wherein it is subjected to azeotropic distillation in the presence of at least one distillation solvent to form a (meth)acrylic acid solution substantially a free of water; wherein at least a portion of the recycled wastewater is stripped of undesirable components in a stripping column using a stripping gas which comprises a waste gas stream prior to feeding the recycled wastewater to the absorption tower.","label":"Process","id":163}
{"sentence":"Mass transfer apparatusMass transfer apparatus such as a distillation or rectification column which is divided so that the vapor flow is in two streams each in a separate zone, and wherein in each zone the liquid\/vapor contacting stages have an inlet and an outlet disposed on opposite sides of an active area but to the same side of the division and such that liquid flow from the inlet across the active area to the outlet is generally rectiliner and parallel to the plane of the division, the locations of the stages in one zone being staggered axially relative to those of the stages in the other zone along the column and the liquid from each outlet being directed to an inlet of the next lower stage in the column whereby the liquid flow down the column is directed alternately from one zone to the other as it is passed successively from stage to stage down the column. This arrangement increases the number of theoretical liquid\/vapor contacting stages that can be provided in a column of given length and maximizes mass transfer point efficiency enhancement with an uncomplicated design which permits ready modification of existing columns.1. A structure for installation in a vertical column for forming a mass transfer apparatus, said structure comprising: plate means adapted to be disposed vertically in such a column to divide the vapour flow space in such a column into two parallel and separate vertically extending zones; attached to extend from each side of said plate means, a plurality of tray-like liquid\/vapour contact means, the contact means on each side being located at vertically spaced intervals along said plate means and the locations of the contact means on one side of said plate means being staggered relative to the locations of the contact means on the other side of said plate means; each tray means including at least one liquid\/vapour contact area having to one side thereof an outlet area opening into a downcomer and to the opposite side thereof an inlet area adapted to receive liquid descending through a downcomer from the next higher contact means which is located on the other side of said plate means, the arrangement of inlet area, liquid\/vapour contact area and outlet area being disposed in that order along the contact means in a direction parallel to the plane of the plate means whereby liquid flow from the inlet area across the liquid\/vapour contact area to the outlet area is generally rectilinear and parallel to said plane; the location along the width of the dividing means of said active area of the contact means on one side of said plate means corresponding with that of the corresponding active area of the contact means on the other side of said plate means and the locations of the inlet and outlet areas of said active area of said contact means on said one side of said plate means corresponding to the locations of the outlet and inlet areas, respectively, for said corresponding active area of said contact means on said other side of said plate means.","label":"Process","id":164}
{"sentence":"Solid state properties of polyethylene prepared with tetrahydroindenyl-based catalyst systemRotomolded articles and methods of forming the same are described herein. The rotomolded articles generally have a permeability of less than 1 g\/day. The rotomolded articles generally include polyethylene obtained by injecting into a reactor a catalyst system including a metallocene catalyst component of specific formula and an activating agent; injecting into the reactor ethylene monomer at a concentration of at least 6.5 wt %; injecting an amount of hydrogen such that a ratio of hydrogen to ethylene (H2\/C2) in the feed is less than 85 g\/106g; maintaining the reactor under polymerization conditions at a temperature of less than 90° C.; and retrieving polyethylene exhibiting a melt index (MI2) of at least 3.1. A rotomolded article comprising: a polyethylene having a spherulite size of less than 20 μm, a density ranging from 0.930 to 0.965 g\/cc determined in accordance with ASTM 1505 at a temperature of 23° C., a melt index of at least 3 determined in accordance with ASTM D 1238 under a load of 2.16 kg and at a temperature of 190° C., a polydispersity index of lower than 3, and a long chain branching index (LCBI) that is greater than 0, wherein the polyethylene is capable of auto-nucleation, and wherein the polyethylene is prepared under polymerisation conditions at a temperature of less than 90° C. in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an activating agent and a metallocene catalyst component of general formula: R″(Ind)2MQ2 wherein (Ind) is an indenyl or an hydrogenated indenyl, substituted or unsubstituted; R″ is a structural bridge between the two indenyls that comprises a C1-C4 alkylene radical, dialkyl germanium, silicon, siloxane, phosphine or amine radical; which bridge is substituted or unsubstituted; Q is a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen; and M is a transition metal Group 4 of the Periodic Table or Vanadium; wherein the polymerisation conditions include ethylene monomer at a concentration of at least 6.5 weight percent, and no hydrogen; and wherein the rotomoulded article exhibits a permeability of less than 0.5 g\/day, wherein the permeability is determined by filling a 10 liter rotomoulded bottle having a wall thickness of 6 mm with fuel at a temperature of 40° C., wherein the fuel is a fuel as defined by CEC RF08-A-85 according to norm Standard ECE34—annex 5.","label":"HouseConst","id":165}
{"sentence":"ANTIMICROBIAL POROUS SUBSTRATE AND A METHOD OF MAKING AND USING THE SAMEA method of preparing an antimicrobial air filter comprising the steps of: soaking a porous material in a silver nanoparticle colloid; and coating the porous material embedded with silver nanoparticles with a silane quaternary ammonium polymer such that the loss of silver nanoparticles is reduced. The resultant filter may be used in an air treatment device.1 . A method of preparing an antimicrobial substrate for use as a filter, the method comprising the steps of: soaking a porous material in a silver nanoparticle colloid; and coating the porous material embedded with silver nanoparticles with a silane quaternary ammonium polymer comprising an organofunctional silane, wherein the organofunctional silane forms covalent bond with the porous material and homo-polymerizes to form the silane quaternary ammonium polymer coating to reduce the loss of silver nanoparticles.","label":"Household","id":166}
{"sentence":"Polyol Ester Plasticizers and Process of Making the SameTriglyceride and other polyol ester PVC plasticizers can be produced by recovery of branched C6 to C9 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, optional hydrogenation to the alcohol, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and\/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof. The branched alkyl chains comprise at least 10% methyl branching. Special triglycerides are derived from branched aliphatic acids having alkyl chains with average carbon numbers from 6 to 9 and at least 10% methyl branching. These triglycerides are fast fusing plasticisers if before esterification with glycerol, an aryl acid is introduced together with the aliphatic acids.1 . A process for the production of a polyol ester comprising: (i) preparing at least one branched C6 to C9 aldehyde using a hydroformylation step, wherein the branched C6 to C9 aldehyde has an average branching of from 0.5 to 3.0 branches per molecule and at least 10% of the branches are methyl branches; (ii) preparing a branched C6 to C9 acid by oxidizing the branched C6 to C9 aldehyde to the acid, or by first hydrogenating the branched C6 to C9 aldehyde to a branched C6 to C9 alcohol and subsequently oxidizing the branched C6 to C9 alcohol to the acid; (iii) esterifying the branched C6 to C9 acid with a polyol selected from glycerol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.","label":"HouseConst","id":167}
{"sentence":"Methods for making aerogel compositesComposites such as self-supporting rigid composites that include aerogel have low thermal conductivity and attractive mechanical properties. Methods for preparing such composites include, for example, combining an aerogel-containing material with a binder to form a slurry and allowing the slurry to harden. At least part of the hardening process in conducted under compression.1. A method for producing a self supporting rigid composite, the method comprising: (a) combining aerogel particles and an inorganic binder to form a slurry; (b) combining the slurry with a filamentary material, wherein the filamentary material has a filament length that is substantially preserved during a mixing process conducted to disperse the filamentary material in the slurry; (c) shaping the slurry or applying the slurry to a surface or into an opening; and (d) allowing the shaped slurry to harden, wherein at least part of the hardening process is conducted under compression, thereby producing a self supporting rigid composite having: a thermal conductivity that is no greater than about 50 mW\/m·K at 23° C. and 1 atmosphere; and one or more mechanical properties selected from the group consisting of: (i) a flexural strength greater than about 0.05 MPa; (ii) a compressive strength greater than about 0.1 MPa; and (iii) an elastic modulus greater than about 0.5 MPa.","label":"IndustConst","id":168}
{"sentence":"ABSORBENT ARTICLES COMPRISING A BODILY EXUDATE MODIFYING AGENT AND A SKIN CARE FORMULATIONAbsorbent articles having enhanced absorption of bodily exudates are disclosed. The absorbent articles comprise a bodily exudate modifying agent and a skin care formulation. The bodily exudate modifying agent is capable of reducing the viscosity of bodily exudates such as feces and menses. The skin care formulation comprises a bodily exudate modifying agent neutralizer to neutralize the possible negative effects on skin barrier function caused by the bodily exudate modifying agents coming into direct contact with the wearer's skin.1 . An absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a bodyside liner, a bodily exudate modifying agent, and a skin care formulation, the bodily exudate modifying agent being capable of reducing the viscosity of bodily exudates upon contact therewith, and the skin care formulation comprising a bodily exudate modifying agent neutralizer, wherein the bodily exudate modifying agent is a reducing agent.","label":"Household","id":169}
{"sentence":"Enhanced ESCR bimodal rotomolding resinThe present disclosure provides a resin suitable for use in rotational molding having an environmental stress crack resistance of greater than 1000 hours. The resin has a density from 0.937 to 0.942 g\/cm3, a melt index I2 determined according to ASTM D 1238 (2.16 kg\/190° C.−I2) from 4.0 to 7.0 g\/10 min, an I21 determined according to ASTM D 1238 (21.6 kg\/190° C.−I21) from 160 to 200 g\/10 min, an I21\/I2 from 30 to 40 and a terminal vinyl unsaturation greater than 0.06, per 1000 carbon atoms; and a primary structure parameter (PSP2) of from 4 to 7, and an overall Mw\/Mn from 2.7 to 3.5 comprising from 2 to 5 weight % of one or more C4-8 alpha olefin comonomers.1. A bimodal polyethylene composition having a density from about 0.935 to about 0.942 g\/cm3, a melt index I2 determined according to ASTM D 1238 (2.16 kg 190° C.−I2) from about 4.0 to about 7.0 g\/10 min, and I21 determined according to ASTM D 1238 (21.6 kg 190 C−I21) from about 150 to about 210 g\/10 min, an I21\/I2 from about 28 to about 40, a bent strip ESCR as determined by ASTM D 1693 in 100% octoxynol -9 for conditions A and B of greater than 1000 hours, a terminal vinyl unsaturation from about 0.07 to about 0.14 per 1000 carbon atoms, an overall Mw\/Mn from about 2.8 to about 4.0, comprising from about 0.1 to about 8 weight % of one or more C4-8 alpha olefin comonomers, which when de-convoluted into two components consists of: (i) from about 20 to about 45 weight % of a first component comprising one or more of C4-8 alpha olefin comonomers and the balance ethylene, said component having a density as determined according to ASTM D 792 from about 0.920 to about 0.930 g\/cm3; a weight average molecular weight (Mw) from about 100,000 to about 180,000 g\/mol and a polydispersity of less than 3; and (ii) from about 80 to about 55 weight % of a second component comprising one or more of C4-8 alpha olefin comonomers and the balance ethylene said component having a density as determined according to ASTM D 792 from about 0.945 to about 0.955 g\/cm3, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) from about 15,000 to about 70,000, and a polydispersity of less than 3, wherein the difference in densities between components (i) and (ii) is less than 0.030 g\/cm3.","label":"HouseConst","id":170}
{"sentence":"MULTIMODAL POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED HOMOGENEITYThe present invention concerns a multimodal polyethylene composition comprising a base resin comprising three ethylene homo- or copolymer fractions (A), (B) and (C) with different weight average molecular weight Mw, wherein a) fraction (A) has an MFR21 equal or lower than 20 g\/10 min, b) fraction (B) has a lower weight average molecular weight than fraction (C), c) fraction (C) has a lower weight average molecular weight than fraction (A), d) the composition has a viscosity at a shear stress of 747 Pa (eta747) of 350 kPas or higher, and e) the composition has a MFR5 of 0.15 g\/10 min or higher and a white spot area of 1 % or below. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the production of such a composition as well as to the use of such a composition for the production of a pipe, for moulding applications, and wire and cable applications.1 . A polyethylene composition comprising a base resin comprising three ethylene homo- or copolymer fractions (A), (B) and (C) with different weight average molecular weight Mw, wherein a) fraction (A) has an MFR21 equal or lower than 20 g\/10 min, b) fraction (B) has a lower weight average molecular weight than fraction (C), c) fraction (C) has a lower weight average molecular weight than fraction (A), d) the composition has a viscosity of a shear stress of 747 Pa (eta747) of 350 kPas or higher, and e) the composition has a MFR5 of 0.15 g\/10 min or higher and a white spot area of 1% or below.","label":"HouseConst","id":171}
{"sentence":"Water absorbent material, method for production of surface cross-linked water absorbent resin, and method for evaluation of water absorbent materialA homogeneously surface cross-linked water absorbent resin and a method for the production thereof are provided. The water absorbent material is formed of a surface cross-linked water absorbent resin resulting from granular irregularly pulverized shaped surface cross-linking the product of partial neutralization or whole neutralization of a water absorbent resin having acrylic acid or a metal salt thereof as a main component, which water absorbent material shows a metal atom concentration on the surface of the water absorbent material in the range of 0-10% within 0 second of polishing and 2-35% at 10 seconds value of polishing as determined by subjecting the water absorbent material to Ar ion discharge polishing under a voltage of 500 Å. The surface cross-linked water absorbent resin to be used herein can be produced by surface cross-linking a water absorbent resin having a specific particle diameter with a surface cross-linking agent having a water concentration in a specific range.1. A water absorbent material comprising a surface cross-linked water absorbent resin resulting from granular irregularly pulverized shaped particles of partial neutralization or whole neutralization of a water absorbent resin having acrylic acid or a metal salt thereof as a main component, which water absorbent material shows a metal atom concentration on the surface of said water absorbent material in the range of 0-10 atom % at 0 second value of polishing and in the range of 2 to below 35 atom % at 10 seconds of polishing as determined by subjecting said water absorbent material to Ar ion discharge polishing under a voltage of 500 V, wherein the water absorbent resin having acrylic acid or a metal salt thereof as a main component has a ratio of partial neutralization in the range of 50-90 mol %, and wherein a fluorine atom ratio to the number of carbon atoms, F\/C ratio, in the surface of said water absorbent material on which —COOH has been converted to —COOCH2—CF3, is not more than 0.03, wherein the surface of the water absorbent resin is cross-linked in the presence of 0-0.3 mass part of water, based on 100 mass parts of the water absorbent resin, wherein the proportion of the water absorbent material having a particle diameter of less than 106 μm is in the range of 0-10 mass %, wherein the magnitude of the logarithmic standard deviation δζ which indicates the dispersibility of particle diameter is in the range of 0.25-0.45.","label":"Household","id":172}
{"sentence":"Tandem tetramerisation-polymerisation of olefinsThe invention provides a process for polymerising olefins to branched polyolefins in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the cocatalyst produces 1-octene in a selectivity greater than 30%.1. A process for polymerising olefins to branched polyolefins comprising contacting at least one olefin with a combination of catalysts comprising (a) a polymerisation catalyst; and (b) at least one co-catalyst in the form of an ethylene tetramerisation catalyst to produce 1-octene from ethylene which co-catalyst includes the combination of a transition metal compound; and a heteroatomic ligand described by the general formula (R)nA-B-C(R)m wherein A and C are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, oxygen, bismuth, sulphur, selenium and nitrogen or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or O where the valence of A and\/or C allows for such oxidation; B is a linking group between A and C; the R groups are the same or different, and each R is independently selected from any homo or hetero hydrocarbyl group; and n and m for each R is independently determined by the respective valence and oxidation state of A and C; and provided that when the heteroatomic ligand is described by the following general formula (R1)(R2)A-B-C(R3)(R4) wherein A and C are independently selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and nitrogen; B is a linking group between A and C; and R1, R2, R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group and a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group; then R1, R2, R3and R4are defined by either: (i) no one or more of R1, R2, R3and R4have a substituent that is polar; and where R1, R2, R3and R4are independently aromatic, including heteroaromatic groups, not all the groups R1, R2, R3and R4have a substituent on the atom adjacent to the atom bound to A or C; or (ii) at least one of R1, R2, R3and R4has a polar substituent on a second or further atom from the atom bound to A or C and provided that none of R1, R2, R3and R4has any polar substituent on the atom adjacent to the atom bound to A or C.","label":"Catalyst","id":173}
{"sentence":"Powdery, crosslinked absorbent polymers, method for the production thereof, and their useThe invention relates to crosslinked polymerizates which are capable of absorbing, which are based on partially neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers that carry acidic groups, which exhibit improved properties, in particular, with regard to their ability to transport liquids when in a swollen state, and which have been subsequently crosslinked on the surface thereof with a combination consisting of an organic crosslinker compound, with the exception of polyols, and of a cation provided in the form of a salt in an aqueous solution.1. A powdered polymer product which has been subjected to secondary crosslinking at its surface, comprising a polymer comprising a) 55-99.9 wt.-% of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain acid groups and are neutralized to at least 25 mole-%, b) 0-40 wt.-% of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with a), c) 0.1-5.0 wt.-% of one or more polymerized crosslinkers, d) 0-30 wt.-% of a water-soluble polymer, wherein the sum of the weight amounts a) through d) is 100 wt.-%, and wherein the polymer has been treated with e) 0.01-5 wt.-%, relative to the polymer product, of an organic surface secondary crosslinking agent, with the exception of polyols, in the form of an aqueous solution, and f) 0.001-1.0 wt.-%, relative to the polymer product, of a cation in the form of an aqueous solution, and has been subjected to secondary crosslinking.","label":"Household","id":174}
{"sentence":"Process for dehydrating glycerol to acroleinThe present invention relates to a process for manufacturing acrolein by gas-phase dehydration of glycerol in the presence of strongly acidic solid catalysts with a Hammett acidity H0 of between −9 and −18 and preferably between −10 and −16.1. Process for manufacturing acrolein by gas-phase dehydration of glycerol in the presence of a strongly acidic solid catalyst with a Hammett acidity H0 of between −9 and −18.","label":"Process","id":175}
{"sentence":"Method for the Continuous Production of Water Absorbent Polymer ParticlesA process for continuously preparing water-absorbing polymer beads, comprising the drying of a polymer gel on a forced-air belt dryer, the water content of the polymer gel being used to control the forced-air belt dryer during or after the drying.1 . A process for continuously preparing water-absorbing polymer beads, comprising i) polymerization of a monomer solution to obtain a polymer gel, ii) drying of the polymer gel on a forced-air belt dryer, the forced-air belt dryer having at least one drying chamber, iii) comminution of the dried polymer gel to obtain polymer beads, iv) classification of the polymer beads and v) postcrosslinking of the classified polymer beads, wherein a water content of the polymer gel, during or after the drying of the polymer gel ii) and before the postcrosslinking v), is determined continuously and used as a control parameter for the forced-air belt dryer, and the control parameter derived from the control procedure is adjusted continuously in the event of a deviating target value.","label":"Household","id":176}
{"sentence":"Impact modifier, thermoplastic resin composition using the same and molded article obtained therefromAn impact modifier obtained by emulsion polymerizing acrylic monomer(s), etc., in the presence of a conjugated diene rubber to give a graft rubber polymer, or obtained by polymerizing acrylic monomer(s) and the like ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of the graft rubber polymer, is effective for improving impact resistance and weathering resistance of molded articles obtained from thermoplastic resin compositions containing such an impact modifier.1. An impact modifier of a graft copolymer (C) obtained by (i) emulsion polymerizing (a) 99 to 20 parts by weight of a polymerizable monomer mixture comprising (I) 0.1 to 20% by weight of a polyfunctional monomer, (II) 50 to 99.9% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester, the alkyl moiety thereof having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, and (III) 0 to 30% by weight of a copolymerizable vinyl compound other than those mentioned above, in the presence of (b) 1 to 80 parts by weight of a conjugated diene rubber, a total of the components (a) and (b) being 100 parts by weight, to a conversion of 50 to 93% by weight to give a graft rubber polymer (A) containing unreacted polymerizable monomers, and (ii) polymerizing (B) 40 parts by weight or less and more than 0 part by weight of one or more monomers comprising (IV) 0 to 100% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl moiety of 1 to 13 carbon atoms, (V) 0 to 100% by weight of styrene or substituted styrene, (VI) 0 to 100% by weight of a methacrylic acid alkyl ester, and (VII) 0 to 40% by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound, in the presence of 60 parts by weight or more and less than 100 parts by weight of the graft rubber polymer (A), a total of the monomers (B) and the graft rubber polymer (A) being 100 parts by weight.","label":"Automobile","id":177}
{"sentence":"COMPOSITE SHEET AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFORA composite sheet includes heat-insulating sheet ( 13 ) including a fiber sheet ( 11 ) made of fibers and a xerogel ( 12 ) held between the fibers, and a first electrical-insulation film ( 14 ) disposed on surface ( 31 ) of heat-insulating sheet ( 13 ). Fiber sheet ( 11 ) is fusion-bonded to surface ( 31 ) of first electrical-insulation film ( 14 ).1 . A composite sheet comprising: a heat-insulating sheet having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the heat-insulating sheet including a fiber sheet made of fibers and a xerogel held between the fibers; and a first electrical-insulation film having a first surface fusion-bonded to the first surface of the heat-insulating sheet.","label":"IndustConst","id":178}
{"sentence":"Surface-treated calcium carbonate and paste-like resin composition containing sameA calcium carbonate having a surface treated with a surface treating agent containing a sodium salt or a potassium salt of a fatty acid, the surface treating agent containing a sodium salt or a potassium salt of palmitic acid in an amount of PW in terms of acid, the surface treating agent containing a sodium salt or a potassium salt of stearic acid in an amount of SW in terms of acid, a total amount of PW and SW being PW+SW≧90, a ratio of PW to SW being 0.30≦PW\/SW≦1.1, the surface-treated calcium carbonate having a BET specific surface area of SA2 of 15≦SA2≦48, and the sodium salt or the potassium salt of the fatty acid being used for the treatment in an amount of FA and a ratio (FA\/SA2) being 0.095≦FA\/SA2≦0.135.1. A calcium carbonate surface-treated with a surface-treating agent containing a sodium salt and\/or a potassium salt of a fatty acid, the surface-treating agent containing a sodium salt or a potassium salt of palmitic saturated acid in an amount of PW (% of total fatty acid content by weight), the surface-treating agent containing a sodium salt or a potassium salt of saturated stearic acid in an amount of SW (% of total fatty acid content by weight), a total amount of PW and SW being PW+SW≧90, a ratio of PW to SW being 0.30≦PW\/SW≦1.1, a sodium salt or a potassium salt of a saturated fatty acid except palmitic acid and stearic acid, among the fatty acids, being a saturated fatty acid having 12, 14, and 20 to 31 carbon atoms, a sodium salt or a potassium salt of lauric acid and a sodium salt or a potassium salt of myristic acid being included in a total amount of 5% of total fatty acid content by weight or less, a sodium salt or a potassium salt of an unsaturated fatty acid being included in an amount of 5% of total fatty acid content by weight or less, the surface-treated calcium carbonate having a BET specific surface area of SA2 (m2\/g), the sodium salt or the potassium salt of the fatty acid being used for the treatment in an amount of FA (parts by weight) based on 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate in terms of acid, the BET specific surface area (SA2) being 15≦SA2≦48, and a ratio (FA\/SA2) of the treatment amount (FA) to the BET specific surface area (SA2) being 0.095≦FA\/SA2≦0.135, wherein the surface-treated calcium carbonate is extracted with diethyl ether to afford a treating agent extraction amount of 0.1% by weight.","label":"HouseConst","id":179}
{"sentence":"Ethylene random copolymersIn accordance with the present invention, there are provided ethylene copolymers composed of structural units (a) derived from ethylene and structural units (b) derived from α-olefin of 3_20 carbon atoms, said ethylene copolymers having [A] a density of 0.85_0.92 g\/cm3, [B] an intrinsic viscosity [η] as measured in decalin at 135° C. of 0.1_10 dl\/g, [C] a ratio (Mw\/Mn) of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC of 1.2_4, and [D] a ratio (MFR10\/MFR2) of MFR10under a load of 10 kg to MFR2under a load of 2.16 kg at 190° C. of 8_50, and being narrow in molecular weight distribution and excellent in flowability.1. In ethylene random copolymers composed of structural units (a) derived from ethylene and structural units (b) derived from α-olefin of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the improvement which resides in that the ethylene copolymers have (A) a density of 0.85 to 0.91 g\/cm3, (B) an intrinsic viscosity as measured in decahydronaphthalene at 135° C. of 0.1 to 10 dl\/g, (C) a ratio (Mw\/Mn) of a weight average molecule weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by PGC of 1.4 to 3.5, and (D) a ratio (MFR10\/MFR2) of MFR10under a load of 10 kg to MFR2under a load of 2.16 kg at 190° C. of 8.5 to 45.","label":"HouseConst","id":180}
{"sentence":"Process of making modified metallocene catalyst, catalyst produced and use thereofOlefin polymerization catalysts or catalyst systems comprising a mixture, contact product, reaction product or complex comprising as elements or components: (A) at least one metallocene pre-catalyst compound or polymerization active metallocene compound; (B) at least one titanium containing metallocene compound; and when (A) is a metallocene pre-catalyst compound, (C) at least one activator; provided however: (I) the titanium-containing metallocene compound is inactive or substantially inactive for the polymerization of olefins prior to or concurrently with the use of the catalyst system for olefin polymerization. Also disclosed are processes for producing the catalyst system and polyolefins having desirable combinations of properties, including melt index and molecular weight distribution, which properties are particularly desirable for the manufacture of polyolefin film products, especially LLDPE film A preferred catalyst comprises a zirconium or hafnium metal containing metallocene, an inactivated titanocene and a SiO2 support carrier.1. An olefin polymerization catalyst or catalyst system comprising a mixture, contact product, reaction product or complex comprising as elements or components: (A) at least one metallocene pre-catalyst compound or polymerization-active metallocene compound; (B) at least one titanium-containing metallocene compound; and when (A) is a metallocene pre-catalyst compound, (C) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (c1) an organoaluminum oxy-compound; (c2) an ionizing ionic compound; and (c3) an organoaluminum compound; provided however: (I) the titanium-containing metallocene compound is inactive or substantially inactive for the polymerization of olefins; or (II) when the titanium containing metallocene compound is initially active or capable of being activated for olefin polymerization and thus includes titanium which exhibits an oxidation state of Ti+4, the titanium present in the compound is reduced to an oxidation state of Ti+3so that the titanium containing metallocene compound is inactive or substantially inactive prior to or concurrently with the use of the catalyst system for olefin polymerization; wherein substantially inactive means that the titanium compound will produce less than about 50% of the amount of polyolefin compared to its polymerization-active counterpart.","label":"Catalyst","id":181}
{"sentence":"Dialkyl terephthalates and their useA plasticizer capable of fast gelling and capable of imparting storage stability on plastisols contains dialkyl terephthalate, wherein the alkyl radicals of said dialkyl terephthalate have a longest carbon chain of at least 4 carbon atoms and have a total number of carbon atoms per alkyl radical of 5.1. A plasticizer composition, comprising: dialkyl terephthalate, wherein the alkyl radicals of said dialkyl terephthalate have a longest carbon chain of at least 4 carbon atoms and have a total number of carbon atoms per alkyl radical of 5; and at least one primary plasticizer selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid dialkyl esters, trimellitic acid trialkyl esters, adipic acid dialkyl esters, 1,2-cyclohexanedioic acid alkyl esters, 1,3-cyclohexanedioic acid alkyl esters with alkyl=alkyl radical having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, 1,4-cyclohexanedioic acid alkyl esters with alkyl=alkyl radical having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, glycol dibenzoates, alkylsulphonic esters of phenol with alkyl=alkyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, acylated citric acid trialkyl esters, non-acylated citric acid trialkyl esters, polymer plasticizers, glycerol esters and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that the primary plasticizer is not dioctyl phthalate, isononyl benzoate or dioctyl terephthalates; and wherein from 85% to 98% of the alkyl radicals of said dialkyl terephthalate are n-pentyl radicals and from 15% to 2% are methylbutyl radicals.","label":"HouseConst","id":182}
{"sentence":"Resin composition and molded article made thereofA resin composition is described that is excellent in strength, impact resistance, heat resistance and moldability, while further allowing for a reduction in the amount of CO2 needed for its production. The resin composition includes a styrene-based resin (A), an aliphatic polyester (B) and at least one species selected from a compatibilizer (C) and a dicarboxylic anhydride (D), wherein the compatibilizer is preferably at least one species selected from: (C-1) a methyl methacrylate polymer; (C-2) a vinyl-based polymer which an epoxy unit or acid anhydride unit is copolymerized; (C-3) a graft polymer in which a methyl methacrylate unit is grafted to a rubbery polymer; and (C-4) a block copolymer having a polylactide segment and a vinyl-based polymer segment.1. A resin composition comprising a styrene-based resin (A), a polylactide (B), a compatibilizer (C) and a dicarboxylic anhydride (D), wherein the compatibilizer (C) is at least any one species described below: (C-1) a methyl methacrylate polymer; (C-2) a vinyl-based polymer to which 3 wt % or more of glycidyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid unit or unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride unit is copolymerized; (C-3) a graft polymer in which 20 to 90 wt % of methyl methacrylate unit is grafted to 10 to 80 wt % of a rubbery polymer; and (C-4) a block copolymer in which polylactide segment represented by general formula (I) and vinyl-based polymer segment represented by general formula (II) are bonded in a copolymerization ratio ((I)\/(II)) of 99\/1 to 1\/99 wt parts such that (I)+(II) is 100 wt parts, wherein weight average molecular weights of (C-1) and (C-2) are within a range of 10,000 to 450,000 and a range of 1,000 to 10,000, respectively, wherein X is at least one species selected from hydrogen, alkyl group, hydroxyl group, alkyl ester group, cyano group, phenyl group, amido group and halogen group, m and n denote number average molecular weight, and are 1000 to 100,000, respectively, and wherein amounts of the compatibilizer (C) and the dicarboxylic anhydride (D) are 0.01 to 60 weight parts and 0.05 to 5 weight parts based on 100 parts in total of the resin (A) and the polylactide (B), respectively.","label":"Automobile","id":183}
{"sentence":"Multilayer optical compensator, liquid crystal display, and processDisclosed is an optical compensator for liquid crystal displays comprising a first polymeric layer having an out-of-plane birefringence not more negative than −0.005 and a second polymeric layer having an out-of-plane birefringence more negative than −0.005. The invention also provides an LC display and a process for making such compensators.1. A multilayer compensator for an LC cell comprising one or more first layers having an out-of-plane birefringence not more negative than −0.005 and one or more second layers having an out-of-plane birefringence more negative than −0.005, wherein the layers are amorphous and comprise selected polymeric materials having sufficient thickness so that the overall in-plane retardation (Re) of the compensator is from +20 to −20 nm and the out-of-plane retardation (Rth) of at least one of the one or more second layers is more negative than −20 nm, provided that the polymers contained in the one or more second layers do not have chromophores off of the backbone.","label":"HouseConst","id":184}
{"sentence":"Hybrid catalysts for the deep catalytic cracking of petroleum naphthas and other hydrocarbon feedstocksProvided herein are hybrid catalysts that are used in the deep catalytic cracking of petroleum naphthas or other hydrocarbon feedstocks, for the selective production of light olefins, in particular ethylene and propylene and BTX aromatics. The hybrid catalysts of this invention contain a chemically treated microporous crystalline silicate such as the pentasil-type silicalite, a mesoporous silica-alumina or zirconium oxide co-catalyst, into which may be incorporated aluminum oxide, molybdenum oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide or a mixture of aluminum and molybdenum oxides, and an inorganic binder such as bentonite clay. These novel catalysts show several advantages with respect to the classical steam (thermal) cracking: i) higher combined production of ethylene and propylene; ii) lower ethylene\/propylene ratio; iii) much lower production of methane; iv) much lower reaction temperature resulting in significant energy savings; v) easy in-situ regeneration using air as oxidant; vi) lower carbon dioxide and other volatile oxides emitted during the regeneration phase.1. A hybrid catalyst for use in deep catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks to selectively produce light olefins, said hybrid catalyst comprising a microporous catalyst component, a mesoporous catalyst component and a binder, said mesoporous catalyst component comprising a support comprising a substance selected from a large surface area silica-alumina, a zirconium oxide and mixtures thereof, said support having loaded thereon a substance selected from cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and mixtures thereof.","label":"Process","id":185}
{"sentence":"Process for granulating a water-absorbent resin employing (a) water (b) inorganic powder & (c) surfactant in an inert solventA water-absorbent resin having an appropriate particle size and a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained by adding a powdered inorganic material in a proportion of 0.000005-0.2 part by weight to 1 part by weight of a water-absorbent resin containing therein a carboxylate as a component of the polymer with agitation in an inert solvent in the presence of 0.1-5.0 parts by weight of water and 0.005-0.2 part by weight of a surfactant and then removing water and the inert solvent by distillation.1. A process for granulating a water-absorbent resin, characterized in that 0.000005-0.2 part by weight of a powdery inorganic material is added with agitation in an inert solvent in the presence of 0.1-5.0 parts by weight of water and 0.005-0.2 part by weight of a surface active agent to 1 part by weight of a water-absorbent resin containing a carboxylate as a constituent of the polymer, and the water and the inert solvent are removed by distillation.","label":"Household","id":186}
{"sentence":"Catalyst composition and process for oligomerization of ethyleneThe present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising: (a) a binuclear chromium(II) complex; (b) a ligand of the general structure (A) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—H or (B) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—PR6R7, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl, wherein the PNPN- or PNPNP-unit is optionally part of a ring system; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst, as well as to a process for oligomerization of ethylene.1. A catalyst composition comprising: (a) a binuclear chromium(II) complex; (b) a ligand of the general structure (A) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—H or (B) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—PR6R7, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst.","label":"Catalyst","id":187}
{"sentence":"Methods of surface treating porous particlesA method of treating porous particles, each porous particle having an external surface and a multiplicity of pores with interior pore surfaces, by contacting the external surface with a hydrophobic agent while causing the interior pore surfaces to remain substantially free of the hydrophobic agent. In certain illustrative embodiments, treating the external surfaces of the porous particles includes exposing the porous particles to at least one of water vapor, methanol vapor, or ethanol vapor; and subsequently exposing the porous particles to a second vapor comprising a reactive organosilane compound which reacts to form the hydrophobic agent. In some particular illustrative embodiments, at least a portion of the external surface of the treated porous particle includes hydrophobic groups, the hydrophobic groups selected from at least one of alkyl or aryl groups optionally substituted with fluorine, and siloxanes having alkyl groups, aryl groups, or combinations thereof.1. A method of treating a plurality of porous particles comprising: providing a plurality of porous particles, each porous particle having an external surface and a plurality of pores with interior pore surfaces; and treating the external surfaces of the porous particles by contacting and reacting the external surfaces with a hydrophobic agent formed from a vapor comprising a reactive organosilane compound having a hydrophobic group, while causing the interior pore surfaces to remain substantially free of the hydrophobic agent, wherein at least a portion of the treated external surfaces of the porous particles comprise the hydrophobic group.","label":"Household","id":188}
{"sentence":"Process for producing water-absorbent polymer particles by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solutionThe present invention relates to a process for producing water-absorbent polymer particles by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution comprising less than 0.3% by weight of persulfate and at least 0.05% by weight of azo initiator and thermal aftertreatment of the formed polymer particles at less than 100° C. in a fluidized bed for 60 to 300 minutes.1. A process for producing water-absorbent polymer particles by polymerizing droplets of a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears an acid group and optionally is at least partly neutralized, (b) at least one crosslinker, cl) from 0.01 to less than 0.3% by weight, based on monomer a), of at least one persulfate, c2) at least 0.05% by weight, based on monomer a), of at least one azo initiator, d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer mentioned under a), e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymer, and f) water, in a surrounding heated gas phase in a reaction zone and thermal posttreatment in a fluidized bed, wherein a temperature of a gas leaving the reaction zone is less than 150° C., a temperature of the water-absorbent polymer particles during the thermal posttreatment is less than 100 ° C., and a residence time of the water-absorbent polymer particles in the fluidized bed is from 60 to 300 minutes.","label":"Household","id":189}
{"sentence":"Solid catalyst component for polymerization of olefins, catalyst comprising the same and use thereofThe present invention provides a solid catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins, comprising magnesium, titanium, a halogen and an electron donor, wherein said electron donor comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ester of polyol of the formula (I):  R1CO—O—CR3R4—A—CR5R6—O—CO—R2  (I)   wherein, R1 and R2 groups, which may be identical or different, can be substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R3-R6 groups, which may be identical or different, can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R1-R6 groups optionally contain one or more hetero-atoms replacing carbon, hydrogen atom or the both, said hetero-atom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus and halogen atom, two or more of R3-R6 groups can be linked to form saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic ring A is a single bond or bivalent linking group with chain length between two free radicals being 1-10 atoms, wherein said bivalent linking group is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic bivalent radicals, and can carry C1-C20 linear or branched substituents one or more of carbon atom and\/or hydrogen atom on above-mentioned bivalent linking group and substituents can be replaced by a hetero-atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, and halogen atom, and two or more said substituents on the linking group as well as above-mentioned R3-R6 groups can be linked to form saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic ring.1. A solid catalyst component for polymerization of olefins, comprising magnesium, titanium, a halogen and an electron donor, wherein said electron donor comprises at least one ester of polyol having the formula (I): R1CO—O—CR3R4-A-CR5R6—O—CO—R2  (I) wherein the R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; the R3-R6, which are identical or different, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; the R1-R6 optionally contain one or more hetero-atoms replacing carbon, hydrogen atom or the both, said hetero-atom being selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; two or more of R3-R6 are optionally linked to form a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic ring; A is a a bivalent linking group with a chain length of 1-10 atoms, wherein said bivalent linking group is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic bivalent linking groups, wherein A optionally has C1-C20 linear or branched substituents; one or more of hydrogen atoms on the bivalent linking group as well as one or more of carbon atoms and\/or hydrogen atoms on the substituents can be replaced by a hetero-atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine and two or more of said substituents on the linking group as well as said R3-R6 can be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic ring.","label":"Catalyst","id":190}
{"sentence":"Conjugated diene polymer and process for production thereofA process for producing a conjugated diene polymer composition, which comprises of polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organoalkali metals and organoalkaline earth metals as an initiator and then reacting the active end of the resulting polymer with a low molecular compound represented by the following formula (1) or the following formula (2):    wherein the variables R through R9are as defined in the Specification.1. A process for producing a conjugated diene polymer composition, which comprises of polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organoalkali metals and organoalkaline earth metals as an initiator and then reacting the active end of the resulting polymer with a low molecular compound represented by the following formula (1) or the following formula (2): (wherein in the formula (1), R1represents an organic group containing an N atom not adjacent to the N atom of the aminosilyl group and having a molecular weight not greater than 1000, R2represents a C1-10 hydrocarbon group or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group having no active hydrogen and substituted with an Si, O, N or S atom, R3and R4each independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group or aryl group, R5, R6, and R7each represents a C1-20 alkyl group or aryl group or a C1-12 alkoxy group and g stands for an integer from 1 to 3, and in the formula (2), R8and R9each represents a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, a C1-10 hydrocarbon group having no active hydrogen and substituted with an Si, O, N or S atom, or an organic group containing an N atom not adjacent to the N atom of an aminosilyl group and having a molecular weight not greater than 1000, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7and g have the same meanings as defined in the formula (1)).","label":"Automobile","id":191}
{"sentence":"Honeycomb structureA honeycomb structure suitable for a carrier of a catalyst apparatus is provided. The honeycomb structure includes a formed piece obtained by forming paper into a honeycomb shape. The formed piece is impregnated with inorganic oxide particles and an inorganic binder. The paper is made by mixing glass fiber and inorganic fiber which is other than the glass fiber and whose proportion of the diameter with respect to the glass fiber is 0.2 to 0.7.1. A honeycomb structure comprising: a formed piece of corrugated or trapezoidal paper formed into a honeycomb shape, the paper made of glass fiber and inorganic fiber, the inorganic fiber being other than glass fiber, and the ratio of the diameter of the inorganic fiber is 0.2 to 0.7 to the diameter of the glass fiber, wherein said formed piece is impregnated with inorganic oxide particles and an inorganic binder.","label":"IndustConst","id":192}
{"sentence":"Heterogenically catalysed gas-phase partial oxidation method for precursor compounds of (meth)acrylic acidThe invention relates to a method for the heterogenically catalyed gas-phase partial oxidation of precursor compounds of (meth)acrylic acid in a fixed catalyst bed, containing as the catalyst an activated mass of mixed oxide, shaped to form a geometric body. Said geometric body is a geometric base body, into whose surface a cavity is incorporated.1. A mixed oxide active material having a geometric body, wherein the geometric body is a geometric base body having at least one cavity, wherein the ratio of the volume of the geometric body VB to the geometric base body VBA≦0.63 and the ratio of the external surface area of the geometric body AB to VB≧22 cm−1, and wherein the mixed oxide active material comprises at least one set of elements selected from the group of sets consisting of a) the elements Mo, Cu and P; b) the elements Mo, Bi and Fe; c) the elements Mo, V and W; and d) the elements Mo, V, Te and Nb.","label":"Process","id":193}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of an elastomeric polymer from ethylene, alpha-olefine and optionally dieneThe invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polymer from ethylene, an α-olefine and optionally a diene, according to which these monomers are polymerized under the influence of a metallocene catalyst, the polymerization taking place in the presence of a catalyst comprising a specific 2-indenyl metallocene, resulting in a bimodal, elastomeric polymer with a molecular weight distribution of more than 3.5, under such reaction conditions that the amount of water in the polymerization medium is smaller than 0.5 ppm. The invention also relates to polymers with a specific branching index.1. A process for the preparation of a bimodal elastomeric polymer having at least two separate molecular weight peaks in a SEC-DV chromatogram and having no peak observed at a temperature above 25° C. in a DSC-analysis, said bimodal polymer having a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of more than 3.5, as determined by SEC-DV, said process comprising: polymerizing ethylene, an a-olefin and optionally a diene, in a polymerization medium in the presence of a metallocene catalyst under effective polymerization conditions, wherein the amount of water in the polymerization medium is less than 0.5 ppm, wherein said polymer is obtained, and wherein said metallocene catalyst is a 2-indenyl metallocene having the general formula: [Equation] R'sInd--M--(CP)--Qk ( 1) wherein: M represents a metal chosen from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium, Cp represents a cyclopentadienyl group, an indenyl group or a fluorenyl group, Ind represents a 2-substituted indenyl group with an R's substituent at the 2-position of the indenyl group, optionally substituted with R's at other positions, which indenyl group is not connected to the Cp group via a bridge, R's represents an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl group or a group with at least one hetero atom from groups 14 or 15 of the Periodic System of the Elements, Q represents a ligand to M wherein Q represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amido group or a halogen atom, and k represents a value equal to the valency of the M-group minus 2, divided by the valency of the Q group.","label":"Catalyst","id":194}
{"sentence":"Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for ethylene multi-block copolymer formationA composition for use in forming a multi-block copolymer, said copolymer containing therein two or more segments or blocks differing in chemical or physical properties, a polymerization process using the same, and the resulting polymers, wherein the composition comprises the admixture or reaction product resulting from combining: (A) a first metal complex olefin polymerization catalyst, (B) a second metal complex olefin polymerization catalyst capable of preparing polymers differing in chemical or physical properties from the polymer prepared by catalyst (A) under equivalent polymerization conditions, and (C) a chain shuttling agent.1. A multi-block copolymer comprising in polymerized form ethylene and one or more copolymerizable comonomers, said copolymer containing therein two or more blocks differing in comonomer content, crystallinity, density, melting point or glass transition temperature; the multi-block copolymer having a polydisperse block number distribution and a polydisperse distribution of block sizes.","label":"Construct","id":195}
{"sentence":"Polymerization catalysts and process for producing bimodal polymers in a single reactorCatalyst compositions comprising a first metallocene compound, a second metallocene compound, an activator-support, and an organoaluminum compound are provided. An improved method for preparing cyclopentadienyl complexes used to produce polyolefins is also provided.1. A metallocene compound having the following structure: wherein R2is H or —CH3; wherein R3CH2═CHCH2—, CH2═CH(CH2)2—, Ph(CH2)3—, or CH3(CH2)3-; wherein X5and X6independently are a halide; and wherein M2is Zr or Hf.","label":"HouseConst","id":196}
{"sentence":"Polyhydroxy compounds as polymerization quenching agentsA method for quenching an active polymerization mixture, the method comprising introducing a polyhydroxy compound to an active polymerization mixture.1. A method for quenching an active polymerization mixture, the method comprising: (i) preparing a propagating polymer by employing a coordination catalyst within an active polymerization mixture; and (ii) protonating the propagating polymer by introducing a polyhydroxy compound to the active polymerization mixture containing the propagating polymer, where the polyhydroxy compound has an equivalent molecular weight, defined by the molecular weight of the polyhydroxy compound divided by the number hydroxyl groups per molecule, of less than 80 g\/mole.","label":"Automobile","id":197}
{"sentence":"Single stage seed polymerization for the production of large polymer particles with a narrow size distributionThe present invention concerns large spherical polymer particles with a narrow size distribution and a procedure for producing such particles. The procedure is characterized in that a seed polymerization is performed in which the start particles have a very high ability to absorb new monomer so that finished particles are obtained after only one stage of polymerization even if the finished particles are to be as large as in the range 10 to 100 μm. The procedure is also characterized in that, when porous particles are produced, a porous structure can be formed in which the fraction of micropores is insignificant. Another characteristic feature of the procedure is that the size distribution of the finished particles is narrow and in some cases narrower than in the start particles.1. A process for producing spherical polymer particles with a narrow size distribution, i.e. with a CV of less than 35%, and with a diameter in the range between 5 and 100 μm by seed polymerisation from start particles, which comprises performing the polymerisation using start particles which are produced by dispersion polymerisation, wherein the start particles comprise non-cross linked polymer particles having a swelling capacity above 5 times their own volume, and wherein monomers to be polymerised are added and swelled into the start particles directly and polymerised in one step to form the spherical polymer particles.","label":"HouseConst","id":198}
{"sentence":"Method for production of aqueous (meth)acrylic acidThe present invention relates to recovery of aqueous (meth)acrylic acid by condensation of a (meth)acrylic acid-containing stream to produce aqueous (meth)acylic acid having a higher concentration of (meth)acrylic acid and a lower concentration of formaldehyde, i.e., not more than 0.1 weight %, than the aqueous (meth)acrylic acid produced using hithertofore known separation methods. The (meth)acrylic acid-containing stream may be the raw product stream of catalytic oxidation at least one C2-C4 alkane or alkene.1. A method for producing aqueous acrylic acid from a gaseous material stream comprising: a) providing a gaseous stream to a condenser, wherein the gaseous material stream comprises at least acrylic acid, water, formaldehyde; and b) operating the condenser and producing a gaseous vent stream comprising uncondensed components, and a condensed aqueous acrylic acid stream comprising acrylic acid, wherein the aqueous acrylic acid stream comprises not more than 0.1% by weight formaldehyde, based on the total weight of the aqueous acrylic acid stream, and wherein the balance of the formaldehyde originally in the gaseous material stream is contained in the gaseous vent stream.","label":"Process","id":199}
{"sentence":"Method for the selective production of acetic acid by catalytic oxidation of ethane and\/or ethyleneA method for the selective production of acetic acid from a gas-phase feed of ethane, ethylene, or mixtures thereof and oxygen at elevated temperatures. The gas-phase feed is brought into contact with a catalyst, containing the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c: in combination with oxygen according to formula (I): MOaPdbXcYd. The symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X=one or several elements chosen from the group Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and W; Y=one or several elements chosen from the group B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Fu, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti and U: the indices a, b, c, d and x=the gram atom ration for the corresponding elements, where: a=1; b—0.0001 to 0.01; c=0.4 to 1; and d=0.005 to 1, wherein the space-time yield for the above oxidation to yield acetic acid is 470 kg\/(hm3) and the selectivity of the oxidative reaction of ethane and\/or ethylene to give acetic acid is, in particular, ≧70 mol %. X=preferably Nb and an ammonium salt of niobium is used as niobium source.1. A continuous process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed of ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof and oxygen at elevated temperature, in which the gaseous feed is brought together with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram-atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd  I where the symbols X and Y are as defined below: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Ta, Ti, V, Te and W, Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti and U but shall be at least Nb; the indices a, b, c and d are the gram-atom ratios of the corresponding elements, where a=1; b=from 0.0001 to 0.01; c=from 0.04 to 1; and d=from 0.005 to 1, and in which the residence times and the composition of the gaseous feed are selected in such a way that the space-time yield in the oxidation to acetic acid is >470 kg\/(hm3), with the proviso that the catalyst is obtained by the use of a niobium ammonium carboxylate as niobium source.","label":"Catalyst","id":200}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene pipe resins and production thereofA polyethylene resin comprising from 35 to 49 wt. % of a first polyethylene fraction of high molecular weight and from 51 to 65 wt. % of a second polyethylene fraction of low molecular weight, the first polyethylene having a density of up to 0.930 g\/cm3, and an HLMI of less than 0.6 g\/10 min and the second polyethylene fraction comprising a high density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.969 g\/cm3and an MI2 of greater than 10 g\/10 min, and the polyethylene resin, having a density of great 0.946 g\/cm3, an HLMI of from 1 to 100 g\/10 min, a dynamical viscosity, measured at 0.01 radians\/second, greater than 200,000 Pa.s and a ratio of the dynamical viscosities measured at, respectively 0.01 and 1 radians\/second greater than 8.1. A polyethylene resin comprising from 35 to 49 wt. % of a first polyethylene fraction of a high molecular weight and from 51 to 65 wt % of a second polyethylene fraction having a lower molecular weight than said first polyethylene fraction: (a) said first polyethylene fraction comprising a linear low density polyethylene having a density of no more than 0.930 g\/cm3, and a high load melt index, HLMI, of less than 0.6 g\/10 min; (b) said second polyethylene fraction comprising a high density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.969 g\/cm3and a melt index, MI2, of greater than 10 g\/10 min; and (c) said polyethylene resin having a density greater than 0.949-0.96 g\/cm3, a high load melt index, HMLI, within the range of 1-100 g\/10 min, a dynamic viscosity η0.01 measured at 0.01 radian\/second, which is greater than 200,000 Pa.s, and a ratio η0.01\/η1 which is greater than 8; wherein: (i) η0.01 is the dynamic viscosity measured at 0.01 radian\/second; and (ii) η1 is the dynamic viscosity of the polyethylene resin measured at 1 radian\/second.","label":"HouseConst","id":201}
{"sentence":"Process for producing water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resinThe purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for stably and continuously producing a water-absorbing resin, specifically, a process for stably and continuously producing a water-absorbing resin, the process including a gas absorbing step in which a gas discharged from a step of producing a water-absorbing resin is efficiently and persistently absorbed. A main point of this process for producing a water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin further including a step of absorbing a gas discharged from a production step of the water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin in water having a pH of 7 to 11 and a polyvalent metal ion content of 100 ppm or less or a step of absorbing the gas in water having a pH of 7 to 11, the pH of the water having been adjusted by mixing a water having an electric conductivity of 500 (μS\/cm) or less at 25° C. with an alkali compound.1. A process for producing a water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin including a step of absorbing a gas discharged from a production step of the water-absorbing polyacrylic acid (salt) resin in water having a pH of 7 to 11 and a polyvalent metal ion content of 100 ppm or less.","label":"Household","id":202}
{"sentence":"Complex oxide catalysts and process for producing (meth) acrolein and (meth) acrylic acidComplex oxide catalysts represented by the formula, [Equation] MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (in which A is Ni or Co; B is Na, K, Rb, Cs or Tl; C is an alkaline earth metal; D is P, Te, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pb, Nb, Mn, As, B or Zn; E is Si, Al, Ti or Zr; and where a is 12, 0≤b≤10, 0<c≤10, 0<d≤10, 2≤e≤15, 0<f≤10, 0≤g≤10, 0≤h≤4 and 0≤i≤30) are provided. The catalysts are characterized in that the molar ratio of the total nitrate anions to the molybdenum at the time of catalyst preparation is more than 1 but not more than 1.8. When used in the reaction for producing (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by vapor-phase oxidation of at least a compound selected from propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether, the catalysts exhibit excellent activity and selectivity and maintain stable performance over prolonged period.1. A complex oxide catalyst which is expressed by general formula (1): [Equation] MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx in which Mo is molybdenum; W is tungsten; Bi is bismuth; Fe is iron; A is at least an element selected from nickel and cobalt; B is at least an element selected from sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium; C is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; D is at least an element selected from phosphorus, tellurium, antimony, tin, cerium, lead, niobium, manganese, arsenic, boron and zinc; E is at least an element selected from silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium; and O is oxygen; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and x denote the atomic ratios of Mo, W, Bi, Fe, A, B, C, D, E and O, respectively; and where a is 12, 0≤b≤10, 0<c≤10, 0<d≤10, 2≤e≤15, 0<f≤10, 0≤g≤10, 0≤h≤4 and 0≤i≤30, and x is determined by degree of oxidation of each of the elements, said catalyst being characterized in that it is prepared from an aqueous slurry comprising (i) bismuth nitrate and\/or basic bismuth nitrate as bismuth-source compound, (ii) other source compounds for supplying other components than bismuth and (iii) nitric acid, in that the molar ratio of total nitrate anions (NO3) from any of said compounds and nitric acid in said aqueous slurry to molybdenum (Mo) in said aqueous slurry is adjusted to be more than 1 but not more than 1.8.","label":"Catalyst","id":203}
{"sentence":"Column comprising dual flow platesA column for the thermal treatment of mixtures which contain one or more polymerizable compounds is proposed, which column has dual-flow trays with openings whose diameter is constant within a dual-flow tray, the dual-flow trays having openings of decreasing diameter with increasing distance from the feed of the mixture to be treated.1. A column for the thermal treatment of a mixture, which comprises: dual-flow trays with openings whose diameter is constant within a dual-flow tray; wherein the dual-flow trays below the feed of the mixture to be treated have openings having a decreasing diameter with increasing distance from the feed of the mixture to be treated.","label":"Process","id":204}
{"sentence":"Catalyst systems containing a bridged metalloceneThe present invention provides polymerization processes utilizing a catalyst system containing an ansa-metallocene and a second metallocene compound for the production of olefin polymers.1. A catalyst composition capable of producing an ethylene polymer having a narrower molecular weight distribution as hydrogen addition during polymerization is increased, the catalyst composition comprising: (i) an ansa-metallocene compound having formula (I): E(CpARAm)(CpBRBn)MXq  (I), wherein: M is Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Sc, Y, La, or a lanthanide; CpAand CpBindependently are a cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, or fluorenyl group; each RAand RBindependently is H or a hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylsilyl, hydrocarbylamino, or hydrocarbyloxide group having up to 18 carbon atoms; E is a bridging chain of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or 2 to 8 silicon, germanium, or tin atoms, wherein any substituents on atoms of the bridging chain independently are H or a hydrocarbyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; each X independently is F; Cl; Br; I; methyl; benzyl; phenyl; H; BH4; OBR2 or SO3R, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; or a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a hydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 18 carbon atoms; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; q is 2 when M is Ti, Zr, or Hf; and q is 1 when M is Cr, Sc, Y, La, or a lanthanide; (ii) a second metallocene compound; and (iii) an activator.","label":"Catalyst","id":205}
{"sentence":"Hydrosilated crystalline high trans polybutadine with silica filler, tires having a base of said composition and method of preparing sameNovel silicon-containing derivatives of crystalline, high-trans-1,4 polybutadiene in which organosilicon-containing groups are bonded to the 1,2-vinyl carbon atoms along the main chain of the butadiene polymers through the carbon-silicon linkages. These derivatives of butadiene polymers are produced by the addition reaction of an organosilicon-compound having one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the silicon atom in the molecule to the double bonds in the 1,2-vinyl group butadiene polymers. These derivatives having good compatibility with siliceous fillers and when blended with filled diene rubbers are cured to elastomer compositions having excellent properties suitable for the production of tires.1. A tire, characterized in that a rubber composition comprising: (a) as a rubber ingredient, a blend of 70 to 99 parts by weight of a diene rubber and 30 to 1.0 parts by weight of a crystalline polybutadiene having a trans-1,4 content ranging between about 75% to 96% and having a 1,2-vinyl content ranging between about 5 to 20%, modified with a silane compound by reacting at least 1.0% of 1,2-vinyl groups with the silane compound represented by the formula: [Equation] Rm(R'sO)nX3-m-nSiH wherein R and R's are each the same or different non-hydrolyzable monovalent hydrocarbon groups, X=Cl, Br or I; m=0, 1 or 2; n=1, 2 or 3; and (n+m)≤3; and (b) 5 to 200 parts by weight of silica, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber ingredient.","label":"Automobile","id":206}
{"sentence":"Vinyl chloride resin compositionA vinyl chloride resin composition including: (1) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin and (2) 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a two-stage polymer, said polymer (2) being prepared by emulsion-polymerizing 60 to 95 parts by weight of a monomer mixture (A) of 50 to 95% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 to 50% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate with a C2to C8alkyl group and 0 to 20% by weight of a vinyl monomer to give a polymer latex and then polymerizing 40 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer mixture (B) of 20 to 80% by weight of an alkyl acrylate and\/or an alkyl methacrylate other than methyl methacrylate, 80 to 20% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0 to 20% by weight of a vinyl monomer in the presence of said polymer latex, said polymer (2) having a particle size of not more than 1000 .ANG. in the latex, and a specific viscosity at 30° C. of the solution wherein 0.4 g of said polymer (2) is dissolved in 100 ml of benzene of 1 or more. The composition is excellent in transparency and secondary processability as well as in processability. Thus, a composition having excellent properties can be prepared by admixing a small amount, such as 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of the two-stage polymer as the agent for improving the processability with 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin.1. A vinyl chloride resin composition comprising: (1) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin and (2) 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a two-stage polymer, said polymer (2) being prepared by emulsion-polymerizing 60 to 95 parts by weight of a monomer mixture (A) of 50 to 95% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 to 50% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate with a C2to C8alkyl group and 0 to 20% by weight of a vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith to give a polymer latex and then polymerizing 40 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer mixture (B) of 20 to 80% by weight of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an alkyl acrylate and an alkyl methacrylate other than methyl methacrylate, 80 to 20% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0 to 20% by weight of a vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith in the presence of said polymer latex, the total amount of said monomer mixture (A) and said monomer mixture (B) being 100 parts by weight; said polymer (2) having a particle size of not more than 1000 .ANG. in the latex, and a specific viscosity at 30° C. of the solution wherein 0.4 g of said polymer (2) is dissolved in 100 ml of benzene of 2 or more.","label":"IndustConst","id":207}
{"sentence":"Cigarette wrapper with nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst and methods of making sameA wrapper for a smoking article includes nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst and a web including cellulosic fibers and an optional web-filler. The web-filler can be a modified web-filler which incorporates the spinel ferrite catalyst. The nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst can be a nanoparticle manganese-copper-iron oxide catalyst incorporated in the wrapper and\/or a tobacco cut filler. Also provided is a smoking article including a cigarette tobacco rod having a wrapper including a web, a web-filler, and a nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst, the web-filler optionally supporting the nanoparticle catalyst. A method of making the wrapper and a method of making a smoking article utilizing the wrapper are also provided.1. A smoking article comprising: a nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst, and a cigarette tobacco rod having a wrapper, the wrapper including a web and an optional web-filler material, wherein the nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst comprises copper manganese spinel ferrite, manganese oxide and iron oxide, wherein the copper manganese spinel ferrite catalyst comprises a solid solution of copper, manganese and iron, and wherein the nanoparticle spinel ferrite catalyst comprises at least one surface domain with a size of about 5 nm.","label":"Catalyst","id":208}
{"sentence":"WATER-ABSORBENT RESIN PARTICLE, METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND ABSORBENT MATERIAL USING THE SAMEThe present invention provides a water-absorbent resin particle which is excellent in a particle strength, and in which even after mechanical impact, a particle diameter retaining rate and a retaining rate of water absorption capacity under pressure are high, a method for production thereof, and an absorbent material using the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a water-absorbent resin particle obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, if necessary, in the presence of a crosslinking agent, to obtain a water-absorbent resin particle precursor, adding a post-crosslinking agent to crosslink a surface of the particle, and adding an amorphous silica particle, in which a moisture content is 10 to 20%, and a particle diameter retaining rate after a particle collision test is 90% or more, a method for production thereof, and an absorbent material using the same.1 . A water-absorbent resin particle obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, if necessary, in the presence of a crosslinking agent, to obtain a water-absorbent resin particle precursor, adding a post-crosslinking agent to crosslink a surface layer of the particle, and adding an amorphous silica particle, wherein a moisture content is 10 to 20%, and a particle diameter retaining rate after a particle collision test is 90% or more.","label":"Household","id":209}
{"sentence":"Method for producing vinyl chloride polymersA method for producing a vinyl chloride resin comprising 10 to 80% by weight of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble vinyl chloride resin gel fraction and the balance of tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction with an average polymerization degree of 1,000 or more, characterized in that vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of a major amount of vinyl chloride and a minor amount of at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith is polymerized at a temperature of 0° to 50° C. in the presence of at least one polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenic double bonds in the molecule until the whole monomer or monomers in the polymerization system are substantially polymerized. The thus obtained vinyl chloride resin is excellent in processability and capable of forming a molded article having a small compression permanent set.1. A method for producing a vinyl chloride resin comprising suspension polymerizing vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of a major amount of vinyl chloride and a minor amount of at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith, in the presence of an amount sufficient to form 10-80 wt. % of gel content in the product of at least one polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenic double bonds in the molecule, at a temperature of 0° to 50° C. until the whole monomer in the polymerization system is substantially polymerized, and obtaining vinyl chloride resin comprising 10 to 80% by weight of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble vinyl chloride resin gel fraction and the balance of tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction with an average polymerization degree of 1,000 or more.","label":"HouseConst","id":210}
{"sentence":"Ormosil aerogels containing silicon bonded linear polymersThe invention provides reinforced aerogel monoliths as well as fiber reinforced composites thereof for a variety of uses. Compositions and methods of preparing the monoliths and composites are also provided.1. An organically modified silica (ormosil) aerogel composition, said composition comprising a linear polymer covalently bonded at one or both ends to the silica network through a C—Si bond between a carbon atom of the polymer and a silicon atom of the network, wherein the linear polymer is a polyether, polyoxyalkylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxylpropylene-copolyoxyethylene or a combination thereof.","label":"IndustConst","id":211}
{"sentence":"Water absorbing agent, water absorbent core using the agent, and manufacturing method for water absorbing agentA water absorbing agent of the present invention has an internal crosslinking structure obtained by polymerization of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer. The agent satisfies conditions (a) to (d): (a) the agent contains water-insoluble inorganic particles at an amount of from 10 ppm to 1,900 ppm inclusive; (b) the agent contains 5 mass % or less particles which have such a size that they can pass through a sieve having a mesh opening size of 150 μm; (c) the agent has an absorbency against a pressure of 4.83 kPa (AAP) of 18 g\/g or more; and (d) the water-insoluble inorganic particles reside on a surface of the water absorbing resin or near the surface.1. A water absorbing agent containing water absorbing resin particles, the agent satisfying conditions (A) to (H) below: (A) the water absorbing resin particles are, on a surface thereof, either crosslinked or coated with a surface crosslinking agent which has at least one hydroxyl group; (B) the water absorbing resin particles contain, on a surface thereof, a trivalent water-soluble metal salt and water-insoluble inorganic particles that include silicon dioxide; (C) the water absorbing agent has a mass median particle size of 200 μm to 500 μm inclusive; (D) the water absorbing agent contains 0.001 to 0.4 mass % inclusive, of the water-insoluble inorganic particles; (E) the water absorbing resin particles have a size such that no more than 5 mass percent of such particles can pass through a sieve having a mesh opening size of 150 μm; (F) the water absorbing resin particles contain acid groups that are neutralized in a ratio from 50 mol% to 90 mol% inclusive; and (G) the water absorbing resin particles contain 0.001 to 5.0 mass % inclusive, of the trivalent water-soluble metal salt; (H) the water absorbing agent contains dust in an amount that is 355 ppm or less and that contains SiO2 in an amount which is 50 mass % or less.","label":"Household","id":212}
{"sentence":"Method for coating water-absorbing polymer particlesA process for preparing water-absorbing polymer particles by spraying a liquid onto water-absorbing polymer particles by means of at least one thermally insulated and\/or trace-heated spray nozzle in a mixer.1. A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerizing a monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid-bearing monomer which may be at least partly neutralized, b) at least one crosslinker, c) optionally one or more ethylenically and\/or allylically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers specified under a), and d) optionally one or more water-soluble polymers, followed by drying, grinding, classifying, and optionally postcrosslinking the polymerized material into water-absorbing polymer particles, and then spraying a liquid onto the water-absorbing polymer particles using at least one spray nozzle in a horizontal mixer, wherein the at least one spray nozzle is thermally insulated and\/or trace-heated, a temperature of the at least one spray nozzle is from 1 to 20° C. higher than a temperature of the water-absorbing polymer particles, and the water-absorbing polymer particles are moved in the horizontal mixer with a speed which corresponds to a Froude number of from 0.1 to 0.7.","label":"Household","id":213}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene composition and finished products made thereofNovel polyethylenes having defined molecular weight distribution and LCB structure are devised, for films or moldings.1. A polyethylene composition having a melt flow rate at 5 kg\/190° C. (MI5kg) according to ISO 1133:2005 from 0.25 to 3 g\/10 min and a Hostalen Processing Index (HI) value from 0.18 to 18, wherein when the MI5kg is >1.9 g\/10 min, then the HI value is >1 wherein the HI is defined as where: Mz is the z-average molecular weight Mw is the weight-average molecular weight gMz is the branching factor at a molecular weight M=Mz eh is the elongational hardening of the polymer at a uniaxial elongation rate of 0.1 s−1and at a test temperature of T=150° C., and wherein ηE,max is the maximum melt elongational viscosity measured at the given elongation rate and ηs is the linear viscoelastic response, and wherein the polyethylene composition has a density from 0.950 to 0.97 g\/cm3.","label":"HouseConst","id":214}
{"sentence":"Foam catalysts, method of manufacture and method of usingA catalyst, or a precursor thereto, comprises, as the active material or as a support therefor, a ceramic foam having a network of irregular passages extending therethrough, said passages having an average minimum dimension in the range 20 to 300 μm, said foam having a total porosity in the range 40 to 85% and an apparent density of at least 0.7 g.cm-3. The foam may be made by forming a negative replica of an open cell plastics foam by impregnation of the latter with a dispersion of the ceramic material, followed by drying and calcining the impregnated foam to remove the plastics material and to cause the ceramic material to sinter. For a steam reforming catalyst the ceramic may be alpha alumina and the active material nickel and\/or cobalt.1. A catalyst containing a catalytically active material, or a precursor to such a catalyst containing a material convertible to catalytically active material, wherein said catalytically active material, or said material convertible thereto, comprises, or is supported on, a ceramic foam having a network of irregular passages extending therethrough, said passages having an average minimum dimension in the range of 20 to 300 μm, said foam having a total porosity in the range 40 to 85% and an apparent density of at least 1 g.cm-3.","label":"Process","id":215}
{"sentence":"Transition metal compounds for olefin polymerization and oligomerizationThis invention relates to new transition metal catalyst compounds represented by the formula (I):     where:  M and M′ are, independently, a group 8, 9, 10 or 11 transition metal, preferably Ni, Co, Pd, Cu or Fe;  each R group is, independently, is, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent R groups may join together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent;  R′ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent R groups may join together with R′ to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent;  each X group is, independently, is, hydrogen, a halogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent X groups may join together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent;  m and m′ are, independently, 0, 1, 2, or 3;  z and z′ are, independently, 0, 1, 2, or 3;  N is nitrogen;  Q is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents;  Q′ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents; and  L is a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituent.1. A transition metal catalyst compound represented by the formula (I): where: M and M′ are, independently, a group 8, 9, 10 or 11 transition metal; each R group is, independently, is, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent R groups may join together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent; R′ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent R groups may join together with R′ to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent; each X group is, independently, is, hydrogen, a halogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents, and optionally, adjacent X groups may join together to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic cyclic or polycyclic substituent; m and m′ are, independently, 0, 1, 2, or 3; z and z′ are, independently, 1, 2, or 3; N is nitrogen; Q is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents; Q′ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituents; and L is a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, silylcarbyl, substituted silylcarbyl, germylcarbyl, or substituted germylcarbyl substituent, provided however that when M and M′ are Ni or M and M′ are Pd, then L is selected from the group consisting of aryl groups represented by the formulae: where the dashed lines indicate the bonds to the nitrogen atoms in the formula (I) above, X in formula 14 is O, NR, PR, S, BR, AlR, SiR2; T=O, NR, BR each R group is in formula 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1 to C30 hydrocarbyls, and C1 to C30 substituted phenyls; M1in formula 13 is a transition metal selected from Groups 4 to 9; M2in formula 14 is a transition metal selected from Groups 8 to 11; and M3in formula 14 is a transition metal selected from Groups 8 to 11.","label":"Catalyst","id":216}
{"sentence":"Process for preparation of methacrylic acidA catalyst for the vapor-phase oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, alcohol, saturated aliphatic aldehyde or unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde having 4 carbon atoms, said catalyst comprising a molybdovanadophosphoric acid having X-ray diffraction lines (Cu-Kαradiation) at 2θ=about 26.2°, about 10.5°, about 21.3° and about 30.3° and a crystal structure approximating that of its salt, and said catalyst having the composition represented by the general formula [Equation] PaMobVcXdYeOf wherein the dissociable protons of the molybdovanadophosphoric acid are omitted, X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, thallium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, cobalt, bismuth and zirconium, and the subscripts a to f represent the atomic proportions of the respective elements, provided that when b is 12, a is 0.1-3.0, c is 0-6.0 (exclusive of 0), d is 0-10.0, e is 0-5.0, and f is a value determined by the atomic valences and atomic proportions of the respective elements.1. A process for producing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase oxidation of a saturated aliphatic aldehyde or unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde having 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst comprising molybdovanado-phosphoric acid and being formed by adding a nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound selected from the group consisting of pyridine, piperidine and piperazine to an aqueous solution of molybdovanado-phosphoric acid, optionally adding X and\/or Y components to the aqueous solution of molybdovanado-phosphoric acid before, during or after adding thereto the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, to form a precipitate, pelletizing, drying and calcining and having X-ray diffraction lines (Cu-Kα radiation) at 2θ=about 26.2°, about 10.5°, about 21.3° and about 30.3° and a crystal structure approximating that of the salt of molybdovanado-phosphoric acid, and said catalyst having the composition represented by the general formula [Equation] PaMobVcXdYeOf wherein the dissociable protons of the molybdovanado-phosphoric acid are omitted, X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, thallium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, cobalt, bismuth and zirconium, and the subscripts a to f represent the atomic proportions of the respective elements, provided that when b is 12, a is 0.1-3.0, c is 0.1-6.0, d is 0-10.0, e is 0-5.0 and f is a value determined by the atomic valences and atomic proportions of the respective elements.","label":"Catalyst","id":217}
{"sentence":"Process for producing olefin polymer and olefin polymerThere is provided a process for producing an olefin polymer that is capable of producing an olefin polymer having high heat resistance and high molecular weight with excellent catalytic activity. The process for producing an olefin polymer includes a step of polymerizing at least one olefin selected from ethylene and α-olefins having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst containing a transition metal compound represented by the general formula [I], the olefin polymer including constituent units derived from ethylene and α-olefins having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in a total amount between more than 50 mol % and not more than 100 mol %,   [in the formula [I], R1, R3and R5to R16are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or the like; R2is a hydrocarbon group or the like; R4is a hydrogen atom; M is a transition metal of Group IV; Q is a halogen atom or the like; and j is an integer of 1 to 4].1. A process for producing an olefin polymer comprising a step of polymerizing at least one olefin selected from ethylene and α-olefins having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and optional propylene, in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising at least one transition metal compound (A) selected from transition metal compounds represented by the general formula [I] and enantiomers thereof, the olefin polymer including constituent units derived from the at least one selected from ethylene and α-olefins having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in a total amount between more than 50 mol % and not more than 100 mol %, and constituent units derived from propylene in an amount between 0 mol % and less than 50 mol %, wherein the content of the constituent units derived from ethylene and α-olefins having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and the content of the constituent units derived from propylene total 100 mol %, wherein in the formula [I], R1, R3, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15and R16are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hetero atom-containing hydrocarbon group, or a silicon-containing group; R2is a hydrocarbon group, a hetero atom-containing hydrocarbon group, or a silicon-containing group; R4is a hydrogen atom; R5is an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group or a cycloalkenyl group, or R5and R7are bonded to each other to form a ring; any two substituents of the substituents R1to R16except R4are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring; M is a transition metal of Group IV; Q is a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an anionic ligand, or a neutral ligand coordinatable with a lone electron pair; j is an integer of 1 to 4; and when j is an integer of 2 or greater, Qs are the same or different from one another.","label":"HouseConst","id":218}
{"sentence":"Preparation of acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propaneA process for preparing acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane, in which the propane is initially dehydrogenated under heterogeneous catalysis to give propene, secondary components are removed and the remaining gas mixture, comprising propane and propene, is subjected to the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation to acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof as the target product, target product is removed from the product gas mixture and the remaining residual gas, comprising excess oxygen and unconverted propane, is recycled into the propane dehydrogenation in such a way that the other propane fed to the dehydrogenation is at least partly converted under dehydrogenating conditions at the recycle point.1. A process for preparing acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane, by A) feeding to a first reaction zone A at least two gaseous, propane-containing feed streams, at least one of which comprises fresh propane, and, in reaction zone A, subjecting their propane fed in this way to a heterogeneously catalyzed dehydrogenation to obtain a product gas mixture A comprising propane and propylene, B) conducting product gas mixture A out of reaction zone A and, in a first separation zone A, removing at least a portion of the constituents, other than propane and propylene, present in product gas mixture A, and using remaining product gas mixture A′ comprising propane and propylene C) in a second reaction zone B to charge at least one oxidation reactor and, in the at least one oxidation reactor, subjecting the propylene present in product gas mixture A′ to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to give a product gas mixture B comprising acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof as the target product and also excess molecular oxygen, D) conducting product gas mixture B out of reaction zone B and, in a second separation zone B, removing target product present in product gas mixture B, and, of the remaining residual gas comprising unconverted propane, molecular oxygen and any unconverted propylene, recycling at least a portion comprising unconverted propane, molecular oxygen and any unconverted propylene as one of the at least two propane-containing feed streams into reaction zone A, wherein this recycling into reaction zone A along the reaction path of the heterogeneously catalyzed dehydrogenation of propane in reaction zone A is effected such that, at the feed point, at least 5 mol % of the propane fed to reaction zone A via the other feed streams has already been converted under dehydrogenating conditions in reaction zone A.","label":"Process","id":219}
{"sentence":"Rubber compositions from modified trans-polybutadiene and rubber for tiresA rubber composition for tire having improved processability, wear resistance, rebound resilience and heat build-up comprises 20_70 parts by weight of a specified butadiene polymer, 30_80 parts by weight of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber, high cis-1,4 polyisoprene rubber and styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, and 0_30 parts by weight of high cis-1,4 polybutadiene and\/or low cis-1,4 polybutadiene, and contains 35_100 parts by weight of carbon black, 0_50 parts by weight of process oil, 0.5_5 parts by weight of aliphatic carboxylic acid and 0.1_3 parts by weight of sulfur based on 100 parts by weight of the above rubber components.1. A rubber composition for tire comprising 20_70 parts by weight of a butadiene polymer having a trans-1,4 content of 70_90%, a vinyl content of 2_10% and a Mooney viscosity (ML1+4,10020 C.) of 30_100 and modified at the terminal thereof with a compound selected from the group consisting of (a) isocyanate compounds and\/or isothiocyanate compounds, (b) isocyanuric acid derivatives and\/or thiocarbonyl containing compounds thereof, (c) urea compounds, (d) amide compounds and\/or imide compounds, (e) N-alkyl substituted oxazolydinone compounds, (f) pyridyl substituted ketone compounds and\/or pyridyl substituted vinyl compounds, (g) lactam compounds, (h) diesters of dicarboxylic acids, (i) xanthogen compounds, (j) dithio acid compounds, (k) phosphoryl chloride compounds, (1) silane compounds and\/or alkoxysilane compounds and (m) carbonate compounds, 30_80 parts by weight of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber, high cis-1,4 polyisoprene rubber and styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber having a glass transition temperature of not higher than -50° C. and 0_30 parts by weight of high cis-1,4 polybutadiene and\/or low cis-1,4 polybutadiene, and containing 35_100 parts by weight of carbon black, 0_50 parts by weight of process oil, 0.5_5 parts by weight of aliphatic carboxylic acid and 0.1_3 parts by weight of sulfur based on 100 parts by weight of total amount of the above rubber components.","label":"Automobile","id":220}
{"sentence":"Grafting of polyolefinsPorous polyolefins are especially efficiently free-radically grafted using (fluorinated alkyl)olefins, vinylsilanes or certain carboxylic acids or their esters as the grafting molecules. The use of a solvent to swell the porous polyolefin is sometimes advantageous.1. A process for the grafting ofapolyolefm polymer, comprising the step of contacting a porous polyolefin polymer having a pore volume fraction of at least 0.07, a free radical generator, and a non-homopolymerizable grafting monomer selected from the group consisting of a vinyl silane, a compound of the formula H 2 C&boxH;CH(CH 2 ) n R f , and compound of the formula R 1 CO 2 R 2 , wherein: R f is a fluoroalkyl group having more fluorine atoms than carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; R 1 is hydrocarbyl having 4 or more carbon atoms, and containing an olefinic double bond, provided that said olefmic double bond is not part of a ring; and R 2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; wherein said grafting monomer is contacted with said porous polyolefin either simultaneously wit said free radical generator, or after contacting said porous polyolefin with said free radical generator, and provided that if said free radical generator is a chemical free radical generator said contacting of said porous polyolefin and said chemical free radical generator is done at a temperature at which said chemical free radical generator generates free radicals, whereby said grafting monomer is grafted to said porous polyolefin.","label":"Construct","id":221}
{"sentence":"Ethylene copolymers with a novel composition distribution and processes for making the sameA Ziegler-Natta catalyzed ethylene copolymer having a novel composition distribution in which comonomers are incorporated into the high molecular weight polymer molecules and distributed evenly among the entire polyethylene chains, and a method for making the same are provided. The resins having a novel composition distribution have controlled molecular weight distribution which is narrower than conventional ZN-ethylene copolymers but broader than single-site catalyzed ethylene copolymers. The resins having a novel composition distribution exhibit a superior tear strength and impact strength.1. A Ziegler-Natta catalyzed ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer, further comprising: a density of between 0.900 g\/cc and 0.930 g\/cc; a melt index ratio (I21\/I2) of between 20 and 35 dg\/min; a melt index (I2) of between 0.1 and 10 dg\/min; and a polydispersity index (Mw\/Mn) of between 3.0 and 5.0; wherein the Temperature Raising Elution Fractionation (TREF) fraction distribution of the copolymer has at least 15 wt % of TREF fractions below an elution temperature of 35° C.; and wherein the copolymer is produced by reacting ethylene and an alpha-olefin comonomer in the presence of a titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst in a gas-phase process at reaction temperatures in the range of about 50° C. to about 100° C.","label":"Construct","id":222}
{"sentence":"Cyclic aza-sila compounds as insect repellantsThe invention relates to aza-sila compounds of Formula (I), useful as insect repellants. wherein, ‘A’ is selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched (C I-CI 2) alkyl, branched or unbranched (CI-CI 2) alkynyl; and substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered acyclic saturated or unsaturated compounds, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrogen, (CI-C6) alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and heterocyclic; or ‘A’ is independently selected from the group consisting of the following moiety: Formula (II) wherein, X and Y are identical or different and independently selected from the group consisting of —C—, —N, —O, and —S; where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched (C1-C6) alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hydroxyl, and heterocyclic; and wherein, the halogen is selected from the group consisting of —CI, —I, —Br, and —F. The invention further discloses a process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula (I).1. A cyclic aza-sila compound of Formula I, wherein, ‘A’ is selected from the group consisting of unbranched (C4-C12) alkyl, branched or unbranched (C1-C12) alkynyl, and substituted or unsubstituted 4 to 6 membered acyclic or cyclic saturated or unsaturated compounds; wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic; or ‘A’ is independently selected from the group consisting of the following moiety: wherein, X and Y are identical or different and independently selected from the group consisting of —C—, —N, —O, and —S; where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched (C1-C6) alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hydroxyl, and heterocyclic; and wherein, the halogen is selected from the group consisting of —Cl, —I, —Br, and —F.","label":"Automobile","id":223}
{"sentence":"Process for manufacturing xerogelsThe present invention is related to a process for manufacturing xerogels optionally containing a fibrous reinforcement material, to an insulating, self-supporting single-layer composite panel of thickness between 30 mm and 70 mm of xerogel comprising a fibrous reinforcement material comprising a nonwoven fibrous batting obtainable by this process and to the use thereof for the manufacture of building materials and thermal insulations.1. A process for manufacturing xerogel having a thermal conductivity of between 5 and 25 mW\/m.K measured using the guarded hot plate method of standard NF EN 12667 at 20° C. and at atmospheric pressure, comprising the successive steps of: a) pouring a sol with alcohol as solvent into a reactor in which a fibrous reinforcement material has previously been placed, b) gelling the sol to an alcogel, c) ageing the alcogel, d) hydrophobization treatment of the alcogel after which a hydrophobized alcogel is obtained, e) pre-drying of the alcogel under subcritical conditions at a temperature equal to or lower than 80° C., and f) drying the alcogel under subcritical conditions, said drying being a dielectric or convective drying, so that the xerogel obtained has a residual quantity of alcohol by panel weight of 3% or lower as per standard EN\/ISO 3251, provided that at least steps a), b), c), d) and e) are implemented in the same reactor, a smallest characteristic distance of said reactor between at least two inner walls being between 30 mm and 70 mm.","label":"IndustConst","id":224}
{"sentence":"Trimodal polyethylene for use in blow mouldingA novel polyethylene formed by Ziegler catalyst is devised, for use in blow moulding.1. A trimodal polyethylene comprising three polymeric weight fractions A,B,C, wherein the low molecular weight fraction A is a homopolymer and the medium and the high molecular weight fractions B and C, respectively, are copolymers of ethylene and 1-butene as the comonomer, the polyethylene comprising 50 to 60% (w\/w) of homopolymer A, 22 to 28% (w\/w) of copolymer B, 18 to 24% (w\/w) of copolymer C, and 0 to 5% (w\/w) of non-polymeric additives and\/or polymeric lubricants selected from the group consisting of: (i) colorants, (ii) antioxidants; (iii) stabilizers; (iv) inorganic or carbonic acids or acid anhydrides; (v) non-polymeric lubricants; (vi) a fluoropolymer lubricant; and (vii) polybutene-1, based on the total weight of the polymer, and wherein the polyethylene is obtained by stepwise polymerization in the presence of a solid Ziegler-Natta catalyst component, where the solid catalyst is the product of a process comprising (a) reacting magnesium diethoxide with titanium tetrachloride carried out in a hydrocarbon at a temperature of 50-100° C., (b) subjecting the reaction mixture obtained in (a) to a heat treatment at a temperature of 110° C. to 200° C. for a time ranging from 3 to 25 hours (c) isolating and washing with a hydrocarbon the solid obtained in (b), said solid catalyst component having a Cl\/Ti molar ratio higher than 2.5, wherein the trimodal polyethylene has a density of 0.950 to 0.960 g\/cm3, a melt index (HLMI) according to ASTM D-1238, at 190° C. and 21.6 kg, of 2.9-6 g\/10 min, and the polyethylene is produced by polymerization with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.","label":"HouseConst","id":225}
{"sentence":"Olefin polymers prepared by polymerization with treated alumina supported chromiumIn one embodiment of this invention a surface silicated alumina composition, as opposed to conventional silica alumina, is provided. Such composition may also be fluorided and\/or phosphated or phosphited. The resulting compositions are broadly useful but are of particular applicability as supports for chromium olefin polymerization catalysts. In another aspect alumina is fluorided and used with hexavalent chromium catalyst and a co-catalyst or in the alternative with an organochromium catalyst. If desired the support in this embodiment can also be phosphated or phosphited. In another embodiment, aluminum phosphate is formed in the pores of alumina. In contrast with alumina catalyst supports of the prior art, the supports of this invention allow for the production of olefin polymers at high rates of productivity. Also novel high density ultrahigh molecular weight polymers are produced.1. An olefin polymer prepared according to a polymerization process comprising contacting at least one mono-1-olefin under polymerization conditions with a catalyst, wherein said catalyst is produced by contacting alumina with a fluoriding agent to produce a fluorided alumina and subjecting said alumina to a silicating treatment to form a surface silicated and fluorided alumina, said surface silicated and fluorided alumina containing, in addition a chromium component, said resulting composition being activated by heating in an oxygen-containing ambient at a temperature within the range of about 300° to about 900° C. so as to convert at least a portion of the chromium of said chromium component to the hexavalent state; and wherein said polymer has a melt viscosity within a range of 35 to 60 MPoise, an intrinsic viscosity within a range of 13 to 20 dL\/g, and a density within a range of 0.94 to less than 0.95 g\/cc.","label":"Catalyst","id":226}
{"sentence":"Multistage process for the preparation of oxo aldehydes and\/or alcoholsOlefins are hydroformylated to give alcohols and\/or aldehydes in a plurality of hydroformylation stages, each of which comprises: a) hydroformylating olefins having a carbon atom content of 6 to 24 carbon atoms in the presence of a cobalt- or rhodium catalyst in a reactor to the point of conversion of olefin reactant to product of 20 to 98%; b) removing the catalyst from the resulting liquid discharged from the reactor; c) separating the resulting liquid hydroformylation mixture into a low-boiler fraction comprising olefins and paraffins, and a bottoms fraction comprising aldehydes and\/or alcohols; and d) reacting the olefins present in the low-boiler fraction in subsequent process stages comprising steps a, b and c and combining the bottoms fractions of process steps c) of all process stages.1. A process for the multistage hydroformylation of olefins to give alcohols and\/or aldehydes, which comprises in each stage: a) hydroformylating olefins having a carbon atom content of 6 to 24 carbon atoms in the presence of a cobalt- or rhodium catalyst in a reactor to the point of conversion of olefin reactant to product of 20 to 98%; b) removing the catalyst from the resulting liquid discharged from the reactor; c) separating the resulting liquid hydroformylation mixture into a low-boiler fraction comprising olefins and paraffins, and a bottoms fraction comprising aldehydes and\/or alcohols; and d) reacting the olefins present in the low-boiler fraction in subsequent process stages comprising steps a, b and c, and combining the bottoms fractions of process steps c) of all process stages.","label":"Process","id":227}
{"sentence":"Plasticised polyvinyl chlorideEsters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids are used as plasticisers for polyvinyl chloride to enable products with comparable mechanical properties to be obtained using less polyvinyl chloride. Use of these esters also produces formulations with increased stability to ultra-violet light, improved low temperature properties, lower viscosity and improved processability as well as reduced smoke on burning. The esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids may be used alone or in admixture with other plasticisers when the esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids may act as viscosity depressants. Fast fusing plasticisers may also be included. The formulations are particularly useful in the production of a range of goods from semi-rigid to highly flexible materials and are particularly useful in the production of medical materials such as blood bags and tubing.1. A plastisol comprising the contact product of; (a) a polyvinyl chloride material; (b) a blend comprising a cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ester or a mixture of cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters and at least one other plasticiser; wherein the plastisol comprises from 20 to 200 parts of the cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ester and the at least one other plasticiser, per 100 parts of the polyvinyl chloride material (parts being by weight); and wherein the blend comprises from 90 wt % to 10 wt % of the cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ester or the mixture of cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters and from 10 wt % to 90 wt % of the at least one other plasticiser, based upon the total weight of the plasticiser present.","label":"HouseConst","id":228}
{"sentence":"Polymer compositions comprising telomers and articles or parts using these compositionsComposition comprising one or more polymers and one or more substances selected from telomers having a number average degree of telomerization of less than or equal to 8.0 (substances A) and optionally from substances such as diesters of phthalic acid or diesters of saturated aliphatic α,ω-dicarboxylic acids (substances B), the weight of substance(s) A plus substance(s) B together relative to the weight of the composition being greater than 20%, on the one hand, and the weight of substance(s) A relative to the weight of substance(s) A plus substance(s) B together being greater than 20%, on the other hand. Articles or parts of articles manufactured using this composition.1. A composition comprising one or more polymers and one or more substances selected from substances A and, optionally, from substances B, wherein the weight of substance(s) A plus substance(s) B together relative to the weight of the composition is greater than 20%, and the weight of substance(s) A relative to the weight of substance(s) A plus substance(s) B together is greater than 20%, the substances A are telomers having a number average degree of telomerization of less than or equal to 8.0 and are obtained by a (co)telomerization reaction of one or more telogens and one or more monomers corresponding to the formula I: in which R1, R2, R3 and R4, which are identical or different, represent groups the indices m independently of one another are integers from 0 to 20, the indices n independently of one another are 0 or 1, the sum of the indices n is from 1 to 3, and when n=0, the radicals R′ independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a phenyl group, when n=1, the radicals R′ independently of one another are hydrogen, atoms or alkali metal atoms, ammonium groups, halogen atoms, or hydrocarbon groups, and the hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms or —OH, —COOH, —NH2, —CONH2 or —N═C═O groups, the substances B comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of diesters of phthalic, terephthalic and isophthalic acids, triesters of trimellitic acid, diesters of saturated aliphatic α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, acetylated or non-acetylated triesters of citric acid, triesters of phosphoric acid, and alkylene glycol dibenzoates and alkylsulphonic esters of phenol.","label":"HouseConst","id":229}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbing polymer structure having improved permeability and absorption under pressureThe present invention relates to a process for the preparation of water-absorbing polymer structures, comprising the following process steps: I) providing an untreated, water-absorbing polymer structure; and II) bringing the untreated, water-absorbing polymer structure into contact with a salt comprising a divalent or higher-valent cation of a metal and at least one organic base as anion. The invention relates also to the water-absorbing polymer structures obtainable by that process, to water-absorbing polymer structures, to a composite comprising a water-absorbing polymer structure and a substrate, to a process for the preparation of a composite, to the composite obtainable by that process, to chemical products, such as foams, molded articles and fibers comprising water-absorbing polymer structures or a composite, to the use of water-absorbing polymer structures or of a composite in chemical products and to the use of a salt in the treatment of the surface of water-absorbing polymer structures.1. A process for the preparation of a water-absorbing polymer structure, comprising the following process steps: i) providing an untreated, water-absorbing polymer structure; ii) bringing the untreated, water-absorbing polymer structure into contact with a salt comprising at least one organic base as an anion and from about 0.2 wt % to about 1 wt % based on the water-absorbing polymer structure of aluminum lactate; and aluminum sulfate wherein the amount of aluminum lactate and aluminum sulfate is at least 0.6 wt % based on the water-absorbing polymer structure, and wherein the water-absorbing polymer structure has a saline flow conductivity (SFC) determined in accordance with the test method described herein of from about 100×10−7cm3s\/g to about 180×10−7cm3s\/g.","label":"Household","id":230}
{"sentence":"Method for producing a multi metal oxide catalyst, method for producing unsaturated aldehydes and\/or carboxylic acids and band calcination deviceA catalyst suitable for the gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and\/or carboxylic acids and having an active phase comprising a multimetal oxide material is prepared by a process in which a particulate catalyst precursor which contains oxides and\/or compounds of the elements other than oxygen which constitute the multimetal oxide material, which compounds can be converted into oxides, is prepared and said catalyst precursor is converted by calcination into a catalytically active form, wherein a stream of the particulate catalyst precursor is passed at substantially constant speed through at least one calcination zone at constant temperature for calcination.1. A process for the preparation of a catalyst, comprising: preparing a particulate catalyst precursor which contains oxides and\/or compounds of elements other than oxygen which constitute a multimetal oxide material, wherein said compounds of elements other than oxygen can be converted into oxides, and converting said particulate catalyst precursor by calcination into a catalytically active form by passing a stream of said particulate catalyst precursor at substantially constant speed through at least one calcination zone for calcination and passing a gas stream through the stream of said particulate catalyst precursor perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the stream of said particulate catalyst precursor in the calcination zone, wherein a maximum variation of the temperature as a function of time is ≦5° C.; wherein a maximum local temperature difference in the calcination zone is ≦5° C.; and wherein said catalyst comprises an active phase of said multimetal oxide material.","label":"Catalyst","id":231}
{"sentence":"2-ethylhexyl methyl terephthalate as plasticizer in adhesives and sealantsThe invention provides an adhesive or sealant comprising (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacrylates, polysulphides, silylated polyurethanes, silylated polyureas, silylated polyethers, silylated polysulphides and silyl-terminated acrylates, and (B) at least 0.32% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl methyl terephthalate, based on the overall adhesive or sealant. A process is disclosed for preparing the adhesive or sealant, and also disclosed is the use thereof for producing material bonds between parts to be joined.1. An adhesive or sealant comprising: (A) 10 to 90% by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacrylates, polysulphides, silylated polyurethanes, silylated polyureas, silylated polyethers, silylated polysulphides and silyl-terminated acrylates, (B) 0.80 to 30% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl methyl terephthalate, based on the overall adhesive or sealant, 0 to 40% of plasticizer, 0 to 80% of fillers, and 0 to 10% of rheology modifiers.","label":"HouseConst","id":232}
{"sentence":"Aerogel\/PTFE composite insulating materialA material comprising aerogel particles and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is formed having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 25 mW\/m K at atmospheric conditions. The material is moldable or formable, having little or no shedding of filler particles, and may be formed into structures such as tapes or composites, for example, by bonding the material between two outer layers. Advantageously, composites may be flexed, stretched, or bent without significant dusting or loss of insulating properties.1. A material comprising: greater than or equal to about 40% wt aerogel particles, and less than or equal to about 60% wt polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) comprising interconnected PTFE fibrils having a diameter of about 0.02 μm to 0.1 μm wherein the material is a powder or a putty and the material has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 25 mW\/m K at atmospheric conditions (298.15 K and 101.3 kPa).","label":"IndustConst","id":233}
{"sentence":"Rheology modified relatively high melt strength polyethylene compositions and methods of making pipes, films, sheets, and blow-molded articlesA polymer composition comprises a low-molecular-weight (LMW) ethylene polymer component and a high-molecular-weight (HMW) ethylene polymer component coupled with a polysulfonyl azide. Preferably, the LMW polyethylene component and the HMW polyethylene component co-crystallize in the composition such that it exhibits a single or substantially single peak in a lamella thickness distribution (LTD) curve. The ethylene polymer for the LMW and the HMW polyethylene components can be either homopolymer or ethylene copolymer. Preferably, both components are an ethylene copolymer of the same, or different, composition (that is, with the same or different comonomers). A method of making a pipe that includes selecting a polymer composition having a substantially single peak in the LTD curve is described. Compositions comprising a chromium-catalyzed ethylene polymer, coupled with a polysulfonyl azide are also described herein.1. An azide-modified composition, comprising the reaction product of: (a) a first composition comprising a LMW polyethylene component; and a HMW polyethylene component, and (b) a second composition comprising a coupling amount of at least one polysulfonyl azide, and wherein the first composition has a substantially single peak in an LTD (Lamellar Distribution Thickness) curve, and has an I5 from 0.01 to 0.5 g\/10 min; and wherein the concentration of polysulfonyl azide is up to 200 μg\/g, and wherein the azide-modified composition has a PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) value of greater than 1,000 hours at 80° C., and at an applied stress of 2.4 MPa, and wherein the azide-modified composition has a density greater than 0.940 g\/cc, a flow rate ratio (I21\/I5) from 15 to 50, and a viscosity at 0.01 sec−1, 190° C., from 272,000 to 340,000 Pa·s, and wherein the LMW polyethylene component has a density from 0.955 to 0.980 g\/cc, and is an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene\/C3-C10 aliphatic alpha-olefin copolymer; and wherein the HMW polyethylene component has a density from 0.920 to 0.932 g\/cc, and is an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene\/C3-C10 aliphatic alpha-olefin copolymer, and where the HMW polyethylene component and the LMW polyethylene component are made in-situ, in one or more polymerization reactors, in the presence of one or more Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems.","label":"HouseConst","id":234}
{"sentence":"Method for producing white and color-stable water-absorbing polymer particles having high absorbency and high saline flow conductivityWater-absorbing polymeric particles are produced by polymerizing a monomer solution or suspension comprising at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid and at least one hydroquinone monoether, and coating the polymeric particles with at least one salt of a tervalent metal cation of a carboxylic acid and\/or at least one basic salt of a tervalent metal cation.1. Water-absorbing polymeric particles prepared by polymerizing a monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid, optionally at least partially neutralized, and b) at least one hydroquinone monoether and coating the polymeric particles with at least one salt of a tervalent metal cation, wherein the salt of the tervalent metal cation is the salt of a carboxylic acid and\/or a basic salt, and wherein the polymeric particles after 300 hours at 60° C. and a relative humidity of 90% have a b value of not more than 15.","label":"Household","id":235}
{"sentence":"Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores comprising adhesive and having very low dry SAP lossThe present invention relates to ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores comprising a substrate layer, water-absorbent polymer particles and an adhesive, wherein dry SAP shake out of water-absorbent polymer particles out of the fluid-absorbent core is less than 0.6% by weight.1. A fluid-absorbent core comprising a substrate layer, at least 75% by weight of water-absorbent polymer particles, and an adhesive, wherein the water absorbent polymer particles further comprise inorganic inert particles, at least one polyol, optionally at least one cationic polymer, and water, and the fluid-absorbent core has a dry SAP shake out of the water-absorbent polymer particles from the fluid-absorbent core of less than 0.6% by weight.","label":"Household","id":236}
{"sentence":"CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACROLEIN AND\/OR ACRYLIC ACID BY DEHYDRATION REACTION OF GLYCERINA catalyst composition comprising at least an heteropolyacid deposited on a porous titania carrier. A catalyst composition comprising at least an heteropolyacid in which protons in the heteropolyacid may be partially exchanged by at least one cation selected from elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements that have been deposited on a porous titania carrier. A method for preparing the catalyst composition, comprising impregnating a titania carrier with a solution of at least one metal selected from elements belonging to the Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements or onium, drying and firing the resulting solid mixture, secondly impregnating the resulting solid mixture with a solution of heteropolyacid, drying, and firing the resulting solid mixture. A process for preparing acrolein and acrylic acid by dehydration of glycerin, carried out in the presence of the catalyst.1 . A catalyst composition comprising at least an heteropolyacid in which protons in the heteropolyacid may be partially exchanged by at least one cation selected from elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements that have been deposited on a porous titania carrier.","label":"Catalyst","id":237}
{"sentence":"Aluminoboronate activators for single-site olefin polymerization catalystsSingle-site catalyst systems useful for polymerizing olefins are disclosed. The catalyst systems comprise an organometallic complex and an activator. The complex includes a Group 3-10 transition metal, M, and at least one indenoindolyl ligand that is pi-bonded to M. The activator is a reaction product of           an alkylaluminum compound and an organoboronic acid. Catalyst systems of the invention significantly outperform known catalyst systems that employ a metallocene complex and similar aluminoboronate activators.1. A catalyst system which comprises: (a) an organometallic complex which comprises a Group 3-10 transition metal, M, and at least one indenoindolyl ligand that is pi-bonded to M; and (b) an activator which comprises the reaction product of an alkylaluminum compound and an organoboronic acid.","label":"Catalyst","id":238}
{"sentence":"Apparatus, Systems, and Methods for Purification of Isocyanate MixturesThe present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to apparatus, systems, and\/or methods for fractionating a feed mixture comprising, for example, one or more isocyanates, light components, solvents and\/or heavier components. In some embodiments, fractionating an isocyanate feed mixture may comprise distilling the feed mixture in a non-adiabatic fractionating apparatus comprising a prefractionating section and\/or column and a main section and\/or column, which comprises a rectification section, a side section, and a stripping section. For example, isocyanates may be separated from light component(s), solvent(s) and\/or heavier component(s). A fractionating apparatus may be configured and arranged, in some embodiments, as a dividing wall column. According to some embodiments of the disclosure, apparatus, systems, and\/or methods may be energy efficient and\/or may have a broad operating range.1 . A non-adiabatic fractionating apparatus for fractionating an isocyanate mixture, the fractionating apparatus comprising: (a) a prefractionating column comprising an upper and lower end and at least one intermediate reboiler; and (b) a main column comprising: (i) a rectification section in fluid communication with the upper end of the prefractionating column, (ii) a condenser in fluid communication with the rectification section, (iii) a stripping section in fluid communication with the lower end of the prefractionating column, (iv) a stripping section reboiler in fluid communication with the stripping section, and (v) a side section in fluid communication with the rectification section and the stripping section.","label":"Process","id":239}
{"sentence":"Spray type retort sterilizerThis invention relates to a spray type retort sterilizer which preforms various types of high-pressure sterilization. Sterilization is achieved through the use of non-atomized hot water droplets. The sterilized comprises a retort that is capable of receiving multiple trays of materials, a pressurized air intake system for introducing pressurized air into the retort, an exhaust system and multiple spray units capable of spraying liquid such that at least one spray unit is disposed adjacent to each tray of material. The invention is further defined to include a heat exchanger and a pump for removing the liquid from the retort, passing it through the heat exchanger and delivering the liquid to the spray units. The invention is further defined to include spray units that are rotatable.1. A retort sterilizer comprising: a retort capable of receiving multiple trays of material to be treated so as to define stages; a pressurized air intake means for pressurizing the retort to a pressure greater than normal pressure; an exhaust system for evacuating gas from the retort; and multiple spray units within said retort capable of spraying liquid in particle sizes of 0.2-0.6 mm, wherein said spray units are disposed such that at least one spray unit is disposed adjacent to each of said stages.","label":"IndustConst","id":240}
{"sentence":"Process for the Production of an Aerogel MaterialA process for the production of an aerogel material comprises the following steps: a) preparation of a silicon oxide sol in an alcoholic solvent mixture; b) triggering of the gelation of the sol by adding base, whereby a gel is formed, and optionally aging of the gel; c) hydrophobicization of the optionally aged gel; d) removal of the solvent mixture by subcritical drying, whereby the aerogel material is formed. The silicon oxide sol formed in step a) comprises at least one acid-catalytically activatable hydrophobicization agent, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrophobicization agent in the sol is 5 to 60%. The hydrophobicization in step c) is induced as a result of release or addition of at least one hydrophobicization catalyst acting in combination with the hydrophobicization agent.1 . A process for the production of an aerogel material, comprising the following steps: a) preparation of a silicon oxide sol in an alcoholic solvent mixture; b) triggering of the gelation of the sol by adding base, whereby a gel is formed, and optionally aging of the gel; c) hydrophobicization of the optionally aged gel; d) removal of the solvent mixture by subcritical drying, whereby the aerogel material is formed; characterized in that the silicon oxide sol formed in step a) comprises at least one acid-catalytically activatable hydrophobicization agent, where the volume fraction of the hydrophobicization agent in the sol is 5 to 60%, and that the hydrophobicization in step c) is induced as a result of release or addition of at least one hydrophobicization catalyst acting in combination with the hydrophobicization agent.","label":"IndustConst","id":241}
{"sentence":"Electrically neutral dispersions and method of preparing sameThe invention is a method of producing an essentially electrically neutral polymer dispersion, comprising a polymerizing one or more monomers in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, wherein the polymerization preferably occurs in the absence of ionic surfactants. The invention also includes methods of producing positively or negatively charged polymer dispersions comprising producing the essentially nonionic polymer dispersion and further adding a cationically-charged or anionically-charged surfactant or electrolyte. The invention further includes dispersions produced by the methods of the invention and polymer films and powders produced from these dispersions.1. A method of producing an essentially electrically neutral polymer dispersion, comprising polymerizing one or more nonionic monomers in the presence of at least one surfactant, wherein the at least one surfactant consists essentially of at least one nonionic alkylene oxide adduct of an alkyl alcohol, alkylbenzene alcohol or dialkylbenzene alcohol, wherein the number of alkylene oxide groups is less than or equal to 14.","label":"Automobile","id":242}
{"sentence":"Microagglomeration of impact modifiersCore\/shell impact modifiers, useful in toughening poly(vinyl chloride) and other thermoplastics, are prepared at small particle sizes by an emulsion polymerization process, agglomerated by a novel technique which has little effect on emulsion solids, are further encapsulated by a final shell, and are isolated by spray-drying or coagulation. The isolated particles are readily re-dispersed to their original particle size in the matrix polymer.1. A process for preparing a core\/shell impact modifier which comprises: a) forming by emulsion polymerization a latex of rubbery polymer particles having a glass transition temperature below about -20 degrees C. and a particle size below about 100 nm diameter, the rubbery polymer particle being formed from at least 75 weight percent of units derived from butadiene, C2-C8lower alkyl esters of acrylic acid, or mixtures thereof; b) forming by sequential emulsion polymerization in the presence of the latex of rubbery polymer particle, under conditions wherein essentially no new polymer particles are formed, a latex of first core\/intermediate shell polymer particles, the intermediate polymer shell having a glass transition temperature above about -20 degrees C., the intermediate shell being formed predominately from units derived from methyl methacrylate, and the intermediate shell being from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the first core\/intermediate shell polymer particles; c) agglomerating the latex of first core\/intermediate shell polymer particles to form a latex of agglomerated particles of at least 150 nm diameter, the solids content of the latex of first core\/intermediate shell polymer particles being no higher than about 40 percent, and the solids content of the latex of agglomerated particles being no higher than about 30%. d) forming an encapsulating shell of hard polymer having a glass transition temperature at least 60 degrees C. in a final core\/shell polymer by sequential emulsion polymerization onto the agglomerated particles, under conditions wherein essentially no new polymer particles are formed, the encapsulating shell being formed predominately from units derived from methyl methacrylate, the encapsulating shell comprising from about 5 to about 20% by weight of the final core\/shell polymers, the total shell content being now lower than about 14% by weight of the final core\/shell polymer, the sequential emulsion polymerization being conducted in the latex of the agglomerated particles, and the final core\/shell polymer remaining in latex form; and, if desired, e) isolating the final core\/shell polymer.","label":"IndustConst","id":243}
{"sentence":"Polymer composition and preparation methodAn ethylene polymer composition is provided, the composition being a blend of a first ethylene polymer and a second ethylene polymer, the second ethylene polymer characterized by molecules having long chain Y-branches. The blend can be prepared by an extrusion process in which a portion of the polyethylene fed to the process is irradiated and the irradiated and non-irradiated polymers are blended by melt extrusion. The blends exhibit high flow activation energies and good blow-molding properties.1. A composition comprising a blend of (a) a first polymer selected from normally solid crystalline ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene containing up to about 20 mole percent of at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, said polymer having repeating units of the structure --CH2-- and a density greater than about 0.95 g\/cm3,and (b) a second polymer selected from the group consisting of (1) non-gelled, normally solid crystalline ethylene homopolymers having repeating units of the structure --CH2-- and at least about two long chain Y-branches per 10,000 carbon atoms and fewer than about 10 short chain branches per 10,000 carbon atoms; (2) non-gelled, normally solid crystalline ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene containing up to about 20 mole percent of at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, having repeating units of the structure --CH2-- and a g value of less than about 0.9 and an intrinsic viscosity of less than about 3.0; (3) non-gelled, normally solid crystalline ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene containing up to about 20 mole percent of at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, having repeating units of the structure --CH2-- and comprising molecules exhibiting a numerical excess of long chain Y-branching over short chain branching; and (4) non-gelled, normally solid crystalline ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene containing up to about 20 mole percent of at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, having repeating units of the structure --CH2-- and comprising molecules having at least 2 long chain Y-branches per 10,000 carbon atoms and flow activation energy E*greater than 20 kcal\/mole.","label":"Construct","id":244}
{"sentence":"Homo- or co-polymers of ethylene with combination of processability and toughness propertiesThe present invention discloses a homo- or co-polymer of ethylene characterised in that it combines the properties of: a) melt strength MS≧0.021 p-0.131 wherein melt strength MS is expressed in N and extruder head pressure p is expressed in MPa, when processed in a rheological extruder through a die with L\/D of 30:2 at a rate of 500 s−1and at temperature of 190° C.; b) long chain branching index g′ determined by SEC-VISCO larger than 0.90; c) polydispersity index (Mw\/Mn) of at most 7. It also discloses a method to prepare said polyethylene resin.1. A polymerization process comprising: contacting an ethylene monomer with an active catalyst system comprising a fluorinated activating support and a metallocene component of formula: R″(H4Ind)2MQ2  (I) wherein (H4Ind) is substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydroindenyl; R″ is a structural bridge between the two indenyls to impart stereorigidity that comprises a C1-C4 alkylene radical, a dialkyl germanium or silicon or siloxane, or an alkyl phosphine or amine radical, wherein the bridge is substituted or unsubstituted; M is a metal Group 4 of the Periodic Table; and Q is hydrogen, halogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarboxy to form polyethylene, wherein the polyethylene exhibits a melt strength MS≧0.021 p-0.131, and wherein MS is melt strength expressed in N and p is extruder head pressure expressed in MPa; and processing the polyethylene in a rheological extruder through a die to form an extruded polyethylene, wherein the extruded polyethylene exhibits a long chain branching index g′ determined by SEC-VISCO larger than 0.90 and a polydispersity index (Mw\/Mn) of at most 7 when the die has a L\/D of 30:2 at a rate of 500 s−1and at temperature of 190° C.","label":"HouseConst","id":245}
{"sentence":"Method for cross-linking hydrogels with bis- and poly-2-oxazolidinonesThe invention contains a process for the surface postcrosslinking of water-absorbing polymers in which the polymers are treated with a surface postcrosslinking solution and during or after the treatment are postcrosslinked by means of an increase in temperature and are dried, wherein the crossiinker comprises a bis-2-oxazolidinone or a poly-2-oxazolidinone comprising structural units of the formula           in which R 1 is branched or unbranched C 1 -C 18 -alkylene, branched or unbranched C 2 -C 18 -alkenylene, C 5 -C 18 -cycloalkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, anthracenylene, hydrocarbon-substituted phenylene, naphthylene or anthracenylene or another substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 18 -arylene radical, R 2 is branched or unbranched C 1 -C 18 -alkylene and n is an integer from 1 to 50 or a mixture of bis-2-oxazolidinones and poly-2-oxazolidinones dissolved in an inert solvent.1. A process for the surface post-crosslinking of a water-absorbing polymer in which the polymer is treated with a surface postcrosslinking solution comprising a crosslinker and during or after the treatment are postcrosslinked by means of an increase in temperature and are dried, wherein the crosslinker comprises a bis-2-oxazolidinone or a poly-2-oxazolidinone comprising structural units of the formula in which R 1 is branched or unbranched C 1 -C 18 -alkylene, branched or unbranched C 2 -C 18 -alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, anthracenylene, hydrocarbon-substituted phenylene, naphtlylene or anthracenylene or another substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 16 -arylene radical, R 2 is branched or unbranched C 1 -C 16 -alkylene and n is an integer from 1 to 50 or a mixture of bis-2-oxazolidinones and polyoxazolidinones dissolved in an inert solvent, wherein the bis-2-oxazolidinone or poly-2-oxazolidinone crosslinker is endgroup-capped by a radical, wherein said radical is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, branched C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, unbranched C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, branched C 2 -C 18 -alkenyl, unbranched C 2 -C 18 -alkenyl, substituted C 6 -C 18 aryl, or unsubstituted C 6 -C 18 aryl.","label":"Household","id":246}
{"sentence":"Process for producing metal oxide catalystThe invention relates to a process for producing a metal oxide catalyst capable of producing acrylic acid, acrylonitrile or the like in one stage by catalytic oxidation reaction of propane in a high yield.  The invention is characterized by using one obtained by finely ground metallic Te or metallic Sb in water or an organic solvent as a raw material for the production of an oxide catalyst made of metal elements Mo—V—Nb—Te or metal elements Mo—V—Nb—Sb. The powder of the metallic Te or metallic Sb obtained by grinding preferably has a mode size of not more than 20 μm. By using the metal oxide obtained by the invention as a catalyst, it is possible to produce acrylic acid in a high yield of 35% or more from propane by a one-stage oxidation reaction.1. A process for producing a metal oxide catalyst represented by the following composition formula, comprising the following step (1), step (2), step (3) and step (4): Step (1): grinding metal A to a fine particle dispersion in the presence of water without any of Mo6+compounds and V5+compounds to obtain an aqueous dispersion or grinding metal A to a fine particle dispersion in the presence of an organic solvent without any of Mo6+compounds and V5+compounds to obtain an organic solvent dispersion; Step (2): adding a Mo6+compound and a V5+compound to said aqueous dispersion obtained in step (1) and heating to obtain a reaction liquid, or in the case where an organic solvent dispersion has been obtained in the step (1), substituting water for the organic solvent to obtain an aqueous dispersion and then adding a Mo6+compound and a V5+compound to the aqueous dispersion and heating to obtain a reaction liquid; Step (3): adding metal B to the reaction liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain a mixed liquid; and Step (4): evaporating to dryness and calcining the mixed liquid obtained in step (3) to obtain the composition formula: MoViAjBkOy   Composition formula: wherein A is Te or Sb; B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Zr, Re, Fe, Ni, Co, Sn, Tl, Cu, rare earth elements, and alkali metal elements; i and j are each from 0.01 to 1.5, and j\/i is from 0.3 to 1.0; k is from 0.001 to 3.0; and y is the number to be determined by the oxidation state of other elements.","label":"Catalyst","id":247}
{"sentence":"Method for producing catalyst for use in production of unsaturated aldehyde and\/or unsaturated carboxylic acid, and method for producing unsaturated aldehyde and\/or unsaturated carboxylic acidA catalyst for use in the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and\/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the catalyst comparing (or, preferably, being composed of) a mixed oxide containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron, which has improved mechanical strength, is produced by a method including the steps of (1) drying an aqueous solution or an aqueous slurry containing raw materials of the catalyst and then firstly calcining a dried product in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere to obtain a calcined product; (2) heating the calcined product obtained in Step (1) in the presence of a reducing material to obtain a reduced product having a mass loss of 0.05 to 6%; and (3) secondly calcining the reduced product obtained in Step (2) in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.1. A method for producing a catalyst for use in the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and\/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, said catalyst comprising a mixed oxide comprising molybdenum, bismuth and iron, said method comprising the steps of: (1) drying an aqueous solution or an aqueous slurry containing raw materials of the catalyst and then calcining a dried product in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere to obtain a calcined product; (2) heating the calcined product obtained in Step (1) in the presence of a reducing material to obtain a reduced product having a mass loss, represented by the following equation (I), of 0.05 to 6%: Mass loss (%)=[(Wa−Wb)\/Wa]×100  (I) in which Wa is a weight of a calcined product before the reduction treatment, and Wb is a weight of a reduced product after the reduction treatment; and (3) calcining the reduced product obtained in Step (2) in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.","label":"Catalyst","id":248}
{"sentence":"Apparatus for the continuous demonomerization and postcondensation of Polyamide 6This invention relates to a process for carrying out continuous demonomerization and postpolymerization of Polyamide 6 melts and a reactor for carrying out this process. The reactor of this invention has a cylinder with a horizontal axis around which an interior rotor shaped like a cage rotates. The reactor can be partially filled with polymer melt. There is a multitude of elements along the periphery of the rotor which partly dip into the melt and serve to convey the melt through the reactor, generate new surfaces and mix and homogenize the melt as the polymer melt undergoes demonomerization and postpolymerization under vacuum.1. A reactor for carrying out demonomerization and postpolymerization having a cylindrical wall with a horizontal axis, and which has a top and a bottom portion in which polymer melt can be placed, an interior rotor in the form of a cage arranged concentrically around said reactor axis and rotatably movable around said axis, said cage having around its periphery ring-shaped elements which are capable of partly dipping into melt which is placed in said reactor; said ring-shaped elements being inclined toward a plane perpendicular to the reactor axis wherein the inclination differs from the inclination of each adjacent element by a fixed angle, said ring-shaped elements thereby forming a screw-line, said ring-shaped elements being capable of propelling melt through the reactor at a desired speed proportional to said angle; said reactor also having weirs fixed at the bottom portion of the cylinder and located between said ring-shaped elements, said weirs being capable of preventing melt from flowing straight along the bottom of the reactor without being raised above the surface of the melt by the ring-shaped elements; said reactor thereby providing means for simultaneously removing volatiles, mixing polymer melt and controlling and achieving substantially uniform retention time for said melt in the reactor.","label":"HouseConst","id":249}
{"sentence":"Heat sealable polyethylene film and method for its preparationA process for the preparation of a heat sealable film comprising a core layer and a sealing layer, said process comprising attaching said core layer to said sealing layer, said sealing layer comprising an ethylene copolymer composition in which: (1) there are two distinct maxima in the TREF fractogram of the ethylene copolymer composition; (2) at lest 10%, of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of less than 50° C.; (3) at least 25%, of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of higher than 75° C.; (4) none of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of higher than 100° C.; (5) the ethylene copolymer composition comprises two components, one of which is of relatively high comonomer content and high molecular weight, the other of which is of relatively low comonomer content and low molecular weight, both components being prepared by polymerisation of ethylene with a C3-20 alpha-olefin in the present of a single site catalyst; (6) the ethylene copolymer composition has a density of between 905 and 930 kg\/m3, and an MFR2 between 0.3 and 4.0 g\/10 min.1. A process for the preparation of a heat sealable film comprising a core layer and a sealing layer, said process comprising attaching said core layer to said sealing layer, said sealing layer comprising an ethylene copolymer composition on which (1) there are two distinct maxima in the TREF fractogram of the ethylene copolymer composition; (2) at least 10% of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of less than 50° C.; (3) at least 25% of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of higher than 75° C.; (4) none of the ethylene copolymer composition elutes in TREF at a temperature of higher than 100° C.; (5) the ethylene copolymer composition comprises two components, one of which is of relatively high comonomer content and high molecular weight, the other of which is of relatively low comonomer content and low molecular weight, both components being prepared by polymerization of ethylene with a C3-20 alpha-olefin in the presence of a single site catalyst; (6) the ethylene copolymer composition has a density of between 905 and 930 kg\/m3, and an MFR2 between 0.3 and 4.0 g\/10 min.","label":"HouseConst","id":250}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymers having improved processabilityA composition comprising aqueous fluid absorbent polymer particles which have been heat-treated at temperatures greater than 170° C. for more than 10 minutes, wherein the composition has been remoisturized, after the heat-treatment, with an aqueous additive solution, in the absence of an organic solvent or water-insoluble, non-swellable powder, and comprises 1 to 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, water and wherein the composition is characterized by the ability to absorb at least 20 grams of a 0.9 weight percent aqueous saline solution under a pressure of 0.3 psi (21,000 dynes\/cm2), that is, a 60 minute 0.3 psi (21,000 dynes\/cm2) AUL greater than 20 grams\/gram. A process for preparing such a composition.1. A composition comprising aqueous fluid absorbent polymer particles which have been heat-treated at temperatures greater than 170° C. for more than 10 minutes, wherein the composition has been remoisturized, after the heat-treatment, with an aqueous additive solution containing a mono- or multivalent metal salt, in the absence of an organic solvent or water-insoluble, non-swellable powder, and wherein the composition comprises 1 to 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, water and wherein the composition is characterized by the ability to absorb at least 20 grams of a 0.9 weight percent aqueous saline solution under a pressure of 0.3 psi (21,000 dynes\/cm2), that is, a 60 minute 0.3 psi (21,000 dynes\/cm2) AUL greater than 20 grams\/gram.","label":"Household","id":251}
{"sentence":"Ethylene copolymer compositions, film and polymerization processesEthylene copolymers having a relatively high melt flow ratio and a multimodal profile in a temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) plot are disclosed. The copolymers can be made into film having good dart impact values and good stiffness properties under decreased extruder pressures.1. An ethylene copolymer comprising ethylene and an alpha olefin having 3-8 carbon atoms, the ethylene copolymer having a density of from about 0.916 g\/cm3to about 0.936 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) of from about 0.1 g\/10 min to about 2.0 g\/10 min, a melt flow ratio (I21\/I2) of from about 32 to about 50, a molecular weight distribution (MW\/Mn) of from about 3.6 to about 6.5, a reverse comonomer distribution profile as determined by GPC-FTIR, a multimodal TREF profile, and a composition distribution breadth index CDBI50 of from about 50 wt % to about 75 wt % as determined by TREF, and which further satisfies the relationship: (MW\/Mn)≧72 [(I21\/I2)−1+10−6(Mn)].","label":"HouseConst","id":252}
{"sentence":"Polymers with improved toughness and ESCR for large-part blow molding applicationsDisclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers having a density greater than 0.945 g\/cm3, a high load melt index less than 25 g\/10 min, a peak molecular weight ranging from 52,000 to 132,000 g\/mol, and an environmental stress crack resistance of at least 250 hours. These polymers have the processability of chromium-based resins, but with improved impact strength and stress crack resistance, and can be used in large-part blow molding applications.1. An ethylene polymer having a density of greater than or equal to about 0.945 g\/cm3, a high load melt index (HLMI) in a range from about 1 to about 25 g\/10 min, a peak molecular weight (Mp) in a range from about 52,000 to about 132,000 g\/mol, a Mn in a range from about 30,000 to about 60,000 g\/mol, a Mz in a range from about 1,750,000 to about 4,000,000 g\/mol, a ratio of Mw\/Mn in a range from about 5 to about 22, less than about 0.008 long chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms, and an environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of at least 250 hours.","label":"Catalyst","id":253}
{"sentence":"Aminosilane initiators, functionalized polymers prepared therefrom and related processesDisclosed herein are metallated aminosilane compounds for use as functional initiators in anionic polymerizations and processes for producing an aminosilane-functionalized polymer using the metallated aminosilane compounds to initiate anionic polymerization of at least one type of anionically polymerizable monomer. Preferred use of the metallated aminosilane compounds results in rubber compositions for use in tires comprising an aminosilane functionalized polymer. A telechelic polymer may result from use of the metallated aminosilane compound and a functional terminator.1. A process for producing an aminosilane-functionalized polymer comprising the steps of: (a) providing an initiator formed by mixing at least one type of anionically polymerizable monomer with at least one alkenylaminosilane compound having the formula where n is a whole number selected from the group consisting of 0-2, and m is a whole number selected from the group consisting of 1-3, with the proviso that the sum of m and n equals 3; where each R is independently a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl group; where each R1is independently a hydrocarbyl group; where each R2is independently a hydrocarbyl group having between 2 and 12 carbon atoms; where each R3is independently a hydrocarbylene group having between 2 and 12 carbon atoms; and where one or more R2may form a bridge between two nitrogen atoms when m is greater than 1; and thereafter (b) adding at least one metallating agent to the mixture, thereby metallating the alkenylaminosilane and initiating polymerization of the at least one type of anionically polymerizable monomer thereby producing a living polymer that includes at least one aminosilane group having a formula as follows at the head of the polymer only wherein R, R1, R2, m and n are as above and Z has 1-20 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of alkyls, cycloalkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, and aralkyls, and (c) either terminating the living polymer with a proton from a quenching agent or functionalizing the living polymer with a functional terminator selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, benzophenones, benzaldehydes, imidazolidones, pyrrolidinones, carbodiimides, ureas, isocyanates, Schiff bases, trialkyltin halides, cyclic amino compounds, N-substituted aminoketones, N-substituted thioaminoketones, N-substituted aminoaldehydes, N-substituted thioaminoaldehydes, sulfur-containing or oxygen containing azaheterocycles, boron-containing terminators, cyclic siloxanes, α-halo-ω-amino alkanes, and combinations thereof followed by terminating the living polymer with a proton from a quenching agent.","label":"Automobile","id":254}
{"sentence":"Thermoplastic resin composition and method for preparing the sameThe present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition and a preparation method of the same, and more precisely a thermoplastic resin having excellent impact strength, surface gloss, and beautiful color, as well as a high level of hardness and scratch resistance, which comprises a) a primary graft copolymer prepared by polymerization of conjugated diene rubber latex with (metha)acrylic acid alkyl ester compound, aromatic vinyl compound and vinyl cyan compound; and b) a secondary copolymer prepared by polymerization of (metha)acrylic acid alkyl ester compound with aromatic vinyl compound and vinyl cyan compound.1 . A thermoplastic resin composition comprising: a) the primary graft copolymer prepared by graft-copolymerization of conjugated diene rubber latex with (metha)acrylic acid alkyl ester compound, aromatic vinyl compound and vinyl cyan compound, and having a weight average molecular weight of 80,000-300,000; and b) the secondary copolymer prepared by polymerization of (metha)acrylic acid alkyl ester compound, aromatic vinyl compound and vinyl cyan compound, and having a weight average molecular weight of 80,000-300,000, in which the weight average molecular weight of the mixture of the primary copolymer and the secondary copolymer is 100,000-300,000 and the conjugated diene rubber latex content is 4-10 weight % of the total weight of the composition.","label":"Automobile","id":255}
{"sentence":"Alkyl aromatic hydroalkylation for the production of plasticizersProvided are compounds of the following:    wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon optionally substituted with an alkyl and\/or an OXO-ester, and R2 is a C4 to C14 hydrocarbyl, preferably the residue of a C4 to C14 OXO-alcohol. Also provided are processes for making the compounds and plasticized polymer compositions containing said compounds.1. Compounds of the formula wherein R1 is a phenyl group located at the para-position, where the phenyl is substituted with an alkyl and \/or an OXO-ester at the ortho-, meta-, or para- position, and R2 is a C9 to C14 hydrocarbyl.","label":"HouseConst","id":256}
{"sentence":"Mixed catalysts and their use in a polymerization processThe present invention relates to a mixed catalyst system of at least one bridged, bulky ligand metallocene-type compound, and at least one bridged, asymmetrically substituted, bulky ligand metallocene-type compound, a method of making the mixed catalyst system and to its use in a polymerization process to produce olefin polymers having an unexpected improvement in processability.1. A mixed catalyst comprising a metallocene catalyst activator and at least with two different metallocenes, two bulky ligands on each metallocene being bridged to each other, and wherein the at least two metallocenes each comprise a transition metal, which is the same or different, from Group 3 to 7 or a metal of the Lanthanide or Actinide Series of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein at least one metallocene comprises at least two bridged bulky ligands, the number of non-hydrogen substituents, said substituent beings the same or different on each of the bulky ligands, being from 0 to 4, said number being the same; the number of substituents on each of the bulky ligands of the at least one other metallocene being different, the bulky ligands are the same and the substituents are the same or different.","label":"Catalyst","id":257}
{"sentence":"RUBBER COMPOSITION CONTAINING GLYCEROL AND A FUNCTIONALIZED ELASTOMER AND TREAD FOR A TIREA reinforced rubber composition, used for the manufacture of treads of tyres, includes (a) a functionalized diene elastomer selected from elastomers that are chain-end functionalized, coupled, or star-branched by a group containing a polar functional group having at least one oxygen atom and block elastomers having at least one polar block, (b) glycerol, and (c) a reinforcing filler that includes an inorganic filler. The rubber composition may impart a low rolling resistance to the tyre treads.18 . A reinforced rubber composition comprising: a functionalized diene elastomer having a polar segment selected from diene elastomers that are chain-end functionalized, coupled, or star-branched by a group that includes a polar functional group having at least one oxygen atom and diene block elastomers having at least one polar block; glycerol; and a reinforcing filler, wherein the reinforcing filler includes an inorganic filler.","label":"Automobile","id":258}
{"sentence":"Particulate water absorbent and process for production thereofA particulate water absorbing agent of the present invention is a water absorbing agent containing a water absorbing resin as a main component, the particulate water absorbing agent containing a polyvalent metal cation and satisfying: (1) the polyvalent metal cation is contained in an amount between 0.001 wt % and 5 wt % relative to the amount of the water absorbing agent; (2) an absorbency without pressure (CRC) is not less than 28 (g\/g) and an absorbency against pressure (AAP 4.83 kPa) is not less than 10 (g\/g); (3) the absorbency against pressure and the absorbency without pressure satisfy 77 ≦AAP (4.83 kPa)+1.8×CRC≦100; and (4) a moisture content of the water absorbing agent is between 5 wt % and 20 wt %. This provides a water absorbing agent which has blocking resistance after moisture absorption, is excellent in stability to shock and suppresses Re-Wet when used in a diaper.1. A particulate water absorbing agent comprising, as a main component, a surface-treated polyacrylic acid (salt) water absorbing resin; a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt; and a residual monomer content not more than 500 ppm; wherein said particulate water absorbing agent satisfies the following requirements (2), (4) and (5): (2) an absorbency without pressure (CRC) of the particulate water absorbing agent is not less than 28 (g\/g) and an absorbency against pressure (AAP 4.83 kPa) of the particulate water absorbing agent is not less than 10 (g\/g); (4) a moisture content of the particulate water absorbing agent is between 5 wt % and 20 wt %; and (5) a vertical diffusion absorbency under pressure (VDAUP) of the particulate water absorbing agent is not less than 15 g.","label":"Household","id":259}
{"sentence":"Continuous preparation of alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acidIn the process for the continuous preparation of alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with monohydric alkanols having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of an acid esterification catalyst in a reaction zone, there is discharged from the reaction zone a product mixture which comprises the alkyl (meth)acrylate formed, the catalyst and the by-products formed during the course of the esterification having boiling points higher than that of the alkyl (meth)acrylate, and from which the alkyl (meth)acrylate is separated by distillation in a separation zone. The product mixture discharged from the reaction zone is fed to a rectification unit (I), in this unit the product mixture discharged is separated by rectification into at least one product (I) comprising the alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid and a product (II) comprising the catalyst, the product (I) is fed to a further rectification unit (II) and in this the alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid is separated off by rectification.1. A process for the continuous preparation of alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with monohydric alkanols having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of an acid esterification catalyst in a reaction zone, in which there is discharged from the reaction zone a product mixture which comprises the alkyl (meth)acrylate formed, the catalyst and the by-products formed during the course of the esterification having boiling points higher than that of the alkyl (meth)acrylate, and from which the alkyl (meth)acrylate is separated by distillation in a separation zone, wherein the product mixture discharged from the reaction zone is fed to a rectification unit (I), in this unit the product mixture discharged is separated by rectification into at least one product (I) comprising the alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid and a product (II) comprising the catalyst, the product (I) is fed to a further rectification unit (II) and in this the alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid is separated off by rectification.","label":"Process","id":260}
{"sentence":"Process for preparation of high water-absorbent polymer beadsWater-insoluble, high water-absorbent polymer beads are prepared by dispersing and suspending an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a small amount of a crosslinking agent in a dispersion medium of a hydrocarbon or a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, carrying out the bead polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator and a protecting colloid comprising a cellulose ester or cellulose ether which is oil-soluble at the polymerization temperature, and separating the resulting beads.1. A process for preparing beads consisting of water-insoluble, crosslinked polymer, which beads have a particle size of from 100 to 1000 microns and have an absorbent capacity for physiological saline in the range of from 30 to 150 grams per one gram of the dried polymer, which consists of the steps of: dispersing droplets of (1) an aqueous solution consisting of water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of said monomer, of water-soluble crosslinking agent, a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, and the balance is water, said aqueous solution containing from 30 wt.% up to the saturation concentration of said monomer, into (2) a liquid dispersion medium having a temperature of higher than 40° C., said liquid dispersion medium consisting of an oil material selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, and said oil material having dissolved therein from 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of said oil material, of a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of cellulose esters and cellulose ethers which are not soluble in said oil material at room temperature but are soluble in said oil material at a temperature of higher than 40° C., whereby to form a W\/O suspension of said droplets in said liquid dispersion medium, the volumetric ratio of said dispersion medium\/said aqueous solution being in the range of 1:1 to 5:1; suspension polymerizing said monomer, at a temperature higher than 40° C. in the presence of said crosslinking agent and said radical polymerization initiator, whereby to form said beads; and then recovering said beads from said liquid dispersion medium.","label":"Household","id":261}
{"sentence":"Polymerization processA process for the polymerisation of olefins is described involving the use, of a catalyst system comprising a supported transition metal compound and an activator based on an organoborane and an aluminoxane. Preferably the transition metal compound is a metallocene complex. The support is pretreated with an organoaluminium compound and the process is particularly suitable for the gas phase preparation of copolymers of ethylene and alpha-olefins having a molecular weight distribution in the range 2.5-7.0 and a melt strength in the range 3-12 cN.1 . An olefin polymerisation process comprising contacting one or more olefin monomers with a supported catalyst composition prepared by contacting (a) a transition metal compound, (b) a support, and (c) an activator comprising (i) an aluminoxane and (ii) an organoboron compound, characterised in that the support is pretreated with an organoaluminium compound.","label":"Construct","id":262}
{"sentence":"High interfacial area multiphase reactorIn its simplest sense, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving the contacting of plural, distinct phases in a circulatory reactor containing a liquid-immersed circulation tube by injecting a stream of dispersed distinct phases together into the circulation tube of the circulatory reactor. Sufficient fluid movement will force the fluid in the reactor to circulate downwardly through the circulation tube and upwardly in the annular space between the tube and the reactor wall.1. An apparatus for contacting of distinct fluid phase comprising: a cylindrical vessel having a top fluid inlet and a bottom fluid outlet; a circulation tube having a predetermined diameter centrally disposed in said vessel and immersed in a liquid contained therein under conditions of use; baffle means horizontally disposed within the vessel between said circulation tube and said bottom fluid outlet, the baffle means having a diameter equal to about the diameter of the circulation tube; an annular space defined between said circulation tube and said vessel; nozzle means extending downwardly from said top fluid inlet into said circulation tube, the nozzle means communicating with the top fluid inlet; a conduit providing communication between the top fluid inlet and the nozzle means, the conduit including means for generating bubbles of one distinct fluid phase in the other and for feeding two distinct fluid phases into said nozzle means for ejection into said circulation tube whereby said fluid phases and said liquid in said vessel flow downwardly through said circulation tube and upwardly through said annular space after being deflected by the baffle means.","label":"Process","id":263}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent acrylic powders having low residual monomer contentParticulates of a superabsorbent partially, neutralized acrylic polymer, e.g., polyacrylic acid, having a mean particle size ranging from 100 to 500 μm, essentially monodisperse and essentially devoid of fines having a particle size of less than 100 μm, having a nonuniformly surfaced spheroidal particle morphology and containing less than 50 ppm of residual monomer, well suited for a variety of hygienic applications, are prepared by (i) polymerizing a suspension of an acrylic monomer charge I in an organic medium and producing a suspension of acrylic polymer gel particles, (ii) next absorbing a second acrylic monomer charge II into the gel particles, (iii) polymerizing in the gel particles the second acrylic monomer charge II, (iv) azeotropically dehydrating the acrylic polymer particulates thus obtained, (v) then treating the dehydrated particulates with hydrogen peroxide, and (vi) drying the superabsorbent particulates thus treated.1. Particulates of a superabsorbent partially neutralized acrylic polymer, having a mean particle size ranging from 100 to 500 μm, essentially monodisperse and essentially devoid of fines having a particle size of less than 100 μm, having a nonuniformly surfaced spheroidal particle morphology, and containing a residual monomer content of at most 50 ppm.","label":"Household","id":264}
{"sentence":"Distillation systemsA differential vapor pressure (DYP) cell is disposed in a divided wall column that receives a feed comprising a first, second, and third component. A separation section on the feed side of the divided wall column separates the feed in a vapor comprising the first and second component, and a liquid comprising the second and third component. The DYP cell is disposed in the divided wall column at a level below the point where the feed enters the column, and the DYP cell measures the concentration of the first component.1. A method of operating a plant comprising: providing a divided wall column that has a partition and comprising a separation section on a feed side that receives a feed comprising at least a first component, a second component, and a third component, wherein the partition separates the feed side from a side product side; separating the feed in the separation section on the feed side into a vapor that comprises the first and the second component, and a liquid that comprises the second and the third component; coupling a differential vapor pressure cell to the divided wall column at a level below a point where the feed enters the divided wall column on the feed side; and measuring a concentration of the first component at the level below the point where the feed enters the column using the differential vapor pressure cell.","label":"Process","id":265}
{"sentence":"Particulate water-absorbing agent with water-absorbing resin as main component, method for production of the same, and absorbing articleReversed phase suspension polymerization is allowed while controlling content of minor components in monomer, particularly controlling a content of acetic acid and propionic acid being not higher than 500 ppm, controlling a content of acrylic acid dimer being not higher than 1000 ppm, in acrylic acid. Cross-linked polymer obtained by the polymerization is subjected to a surface crosslinking treatment without substantially using an organic solvent, and under heating at high temperature (150° C. or higher and 250° C. or lower). Thereafter, agglomeration is carried out without substantially using an organic solvent. Accordingly, a particulate water-absorbing agent including a water-absorbing resin having superior property, and being suited for practical applications at high concentrations in absorbing cores such as a diaper and the like without generation of any odor of the organic solvent can be obtained because no volatile organic compound is included.1 . A particulate water-absorbing agent comprising water-absorbing resin particles as a main component which are obtained by polymerization of an unsaturated monomer containing an acid group and\/or a salt thereof and which are at least ones of nearly spherical shapes, aggregates thereof and aggregates derived from nearly spherical shapes, and said water-absorbing agent satisfies the following (a), (b), (c) and (d); (a) centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) in a physiological saline solution being not lower than 32 g\/g; (b) mass median particle size (D50) being not smaller than 200 μm and not larger than 400 μm; (c) ratio of particles having diameter of smaller than 150 μm being not lower than 0% by weight and not higher than 5% by weight; and (d) content of volatile organic compounds as atmospheric concentration measured by a gas detector tube being not lower than 0 ppm and not higher than 100 ppm.","label":"Household","id":266}
{"sentence":"Method for forming imagesA method for forming an image is disclosed, which comprises heating a light-sensitive material having on a support, a light-sensitive silver halide, a binder and a dye releasing redox compound capable of releasing a dye through the reaction with the silver halide by heating, after or simultaneously with imagewise exposure, in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (A): wherein R is an aliphatic group with a valence of m+n, R1is an aliphatic or aromatic group, and m and n are each an integer of 1 to 5. The presence of the compound markedly improves the stability of the light-sensitive material during its storage prior to the heat development.1. A method for forming an image which comprises: imagewise exposing to light a heat developable color light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least a light-sensitive silver halide, a binder and a dye releasing redox compound capable of reducing the silver halide and releasing a hydrophilic dye by reacting with the silver halide when heated; and heating the heat developable color light-sensitive material, after or simultaneously with the imagewise exposing, in the presence of a compound represented by the general formula (A) in a substantially water-free condition to form a mobile dye in an image pattern: wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a valence of m+n, R1is an aliphatic or aromatic group, and m and n each is an integer of 1 to 5, said compound represented by general formula (A) being present in an amount sufficient to improve the storage stability of the light-sensitive material.","label":"HouseConst","id":267}
{"sentence":"Supported chromium oxide catalyst for the production of broad molecular weight polyethyleneThe present invention is directed to the use of aluminum alkyl activators and co-catalysts to improve the performance of chromium-based catalysts. The aluminum alkyls allow for the variable control of polymer molecular weight, control of side branching while possessing desirable productivities, and may be applied to the catalyst directly or separately to the reactor. Adding the alkyl aluminum compound directly to the reactor (in-situ) eliminates induction times.1. A supported chromium catalyst comprising: chromium oxide, a silica-containing support comprising silica having a pore volume of about 2.4 to about 3.7 cm3\/g and a surface area of about 410 to about 620 m2\/g, an organoaluminum compound; wherein said supported chromium catalyst is activated at about 400 to about 860° C.","label":"Construct","id":268}
{"sentence":"Column for heat and mass transferA column for heat and mass transfer between a liquid and a gaseous phase has stage plates of which each is made up of a fixed ring part joined to the wall of the column, and a wheel part fixed to a turning shaft within the column. Each ring part and each wheel part are made bell-shaped or conical and the wheel part is nested within the fixed ring part and has blades on its lower face.1. A column for heat and mass transfer between liquid and gaseous phases comprising a column and exchange stage plates spaced one above another in said column, each exchange stage plate having an outer fixed ring part fixedly attached to said column and an inner wheel part rotationally supported at the center of the column, said outer fixed ring part having a horizontal section connected to a wall of the column and extending into the inside of the column therefrom as well as a downwardly directed conical section connected inside of said horizontal section, and said inner wheel part having a downwardly directed conical section with a substantially horizontal overflow edge connected to the periphery thereof and blades which are directed toward the fixed ring part and extend outwardly along a lower surface of the conical section of the wheel part over the radial extent of the conical part of the fixed ring part in a manner defining a narrow gap between lower edges of the blades and the conical section of the fixed ring part, whereby fluid running downward, from a feeding point of the column, over the fixed ring part is distributed outwardly in a thin film without damming up and upward entrainment by gaseous phases.","label":"HouseConst","id":269}
{"sentence":"Structured acrylate copolymer thickenersDisclosed are multi-staged acrylic based core-shell polymers comprising a linear core polymer and at least one subsequently polymerized shell polymers is crosslinked. The core-shell polymers surprisingly provide desirable rheological, clarity, and aesthetic properties in aqueous surfactant containing compositions, particularly at low pH.1. An acrylic based staged core-shell polymer composition comprising from about 5% to about 60% by weight of an acrylic based linear core polymer and from about 95% to about 40% by weight of an acrylic based crosslinked shell polymer, wherein I) said linear core polymer is polymerized from a monomer selected from: a) from about 10% to about 80% by weight of at least one carboxylic acid monomer comprising acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, aconitic acid, or maleic acid, or combinations thereof; b) from about 90% to about 20% by weight of at least one C1 to C5 alkyl ester and\/or at least one C1 to C5 hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid; and optionally c) from about 1% to about 35% by weight of at least one α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from a monomer represented by the formulas: CH2═C(R)C(O)OR1,  i) wherein R is selected from hydrogen or methyl; and R1is selected from C6-C10 alkyl, C6 to C10 hydroxyalkyl, —(CH2)2OCH2CH3, and —(CH2)2C(O)OH CH2═C(R)X,  ii) wherein R is hydrogen or methyl; and X is selected from —C6H5, —CN, —C(O)NH2, —NC4H6O, —C(O)NHC(CH3)3, —C(O)N(CH3)2, —C(O)NHC(CH3)2(CH2)4CH3, and —C(O)NHC(CH3)2CH2S(O)(O)OH; CH2═CHOC(O)R1,  iii) wherein R1is linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl; and CH2═C(R)C(O)OAOR2,  iv) wherein A is a divalent radical selected from —CH2CH(OH)CH2— and —CH2CH(CH2OH)—, R is selected from hydrogen or methyl, and R2is an acyl residue of a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C10 to C22 fatty acid; and wherein II) said crosslinked shell polymer is polymerized from a monomer selected from; a1) from about 10% to about 80% by weight of at least one carboxylic acid monomer comprising acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, aconitic acid, or maleic acid, or combinations thereof; b1) from about 90% to about 15% by weight of at least one C1 to C5 alkyl ester and\/or at least one C1 to C5 hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid; c1) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of at least one crosslinking monomer; and optionally d1) from about 1% to about 35% by weight of at least one α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from formulas i) to iv) above.","label":"IndustConst","id":270}
{"sentence":"Polymerization initiators for fiber-reinforced polymer composites and materials made from the compositesCoupling-initiator compounds are described that include a silicon-containing coupling moiety and at least one polymerization initiator moiety. The coupling moiety may be linked to the at least one polymerization initiator moiety by at least one linking moiety. The coupling moiety is capable of coupling the compound to a substrate, while the one or more polymerization initiator moieties are capable of initiating a polymerization of a monomer under polymerization conditions. The coupling-initiator compounds may be included in fiber reinforced polymer composites, where the compounds are coupled to the fibers in the composites and participate in the polymerization of the surrounding polymer.1. A coupling-initiator compound having the formula: S—X—(I)n, wherein n is an integer having a value between 2 and 5; S comprises a silicon-containing coupling moiety through which the coupling-initiator compound bonds to a substrate surface; X comprises a linking moiety to link the S moiety with the one or more I moieties; and (I)n comprises one or more polymerization initiator moieties, wherein each of the initiator moieties is capable of initiating a polymerization of a monomer under polymerization conditions, and wherein each of the initiator moieties may be the same or different.","label":"Automobile","id":271}
{"sentence":"Functionalized monomers for synthesis of rubbery polymersThis invention is based upon the unexpected finding that random copolymers of 1,3-butadiene monomer and 3-(2-pyrrolidinoethyl) styrene and\/or 4-(2-pyrrolidinoethyl) styrene having a low vinyl content can be synthesized by anionic polymerization at normal polymerization temperatures without the need for a conventional polar modifier. The subject invention more specifically discloses a process for synthesizing a rubbery polymer that comprises copolymerizing at least one conjugated diolefin monomer and at least one functionalized monomer in an organic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of 20° C. to about 100° C., wherein the polymerization is initiated with an anionic initiator, wherein the functionalized monomer is of the structural formula:           wherein n represents an integer from 4 to about 10, and wherein the polymerization is conducted in the absence of conventional polar modifiers.1. A process for synthesizing a rubbery polymer that comprises copolymerizing at least one conjugated diolefin monomer and at least one functionalized monomer in an organic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of 20° C. to about 100° C., wherein the polymerization is initiated with an anionic initiator, wherein the polymerization is conducted in the absence of conventional polar modifiers, and wherein the functionalized monomer has a structural formula selected from the group consisting of wherein n represents an integer from 4 to about 10, wherein n represents an integer from 0 to about 10 and wherein m represents an integer from 0 to about 10, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is at least 4; wherein n represents an integer from 1 to about 10, and wherein R and R′ can be the same or different and represent alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; wherein n represents an integer from 1 to about 10 and wherein m represents an integer from 4 to about 10; wherein x represents an integer from 1 to about 10, wherein n represents an integer from 0 to about 10 and wherein m represents an integer from 0 to about 10, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is at least 4; wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, wherein n represents an integer from 0 to about 10, and wherein m represents an integer from 0 to about 10, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is at least 4; and wherein n represents an integer from 0 to about 10, wherein m represents an integer from 0 to about 10, wherein x represents an integer from 1 to about 10, and wherein y represents an integer from 1 to about 10.","label":"Automobile","id":272}
{"sentence":"TIREA tire using, for a tread, a rubber composition comprising (A) a rubber component comprising 15 to 70% by mass of a styrene-butadiene copolymer modified with an amine-based functional group and (B) silica having a specific surface area by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) adsorption of 60 to 130 m2\/g and a specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption (N2SA) in accordance with the BET method of 70 to 140 m2\/g in an amount of 20 to 150 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The tire exhibits excellent abrasion resistance in combination with decreased rolling resistance (small heat buildup) and excellent steering stability which is typically expressed by excellent wet skid resistance.1 . A tire using a rubber composition for a tread, the rubber composition comprising (A) a rubber component comprising 15 to 70% by mass of a styrene-butadiene copolymer modified with an amine-based functional group and (B) silica having a specific surface area by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) adsorption of 60 to 130 m2\/g and a specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption (N2SA) in accordance with the BET method of 70 to 140 m2\/g in an amount of 20 to 150 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.","label":"Automobile","id":273}
{"sentence":"Ethylene polymers and copolymers with high optical opacity and methods of making the sameThis invention relates to the field of metal-catalyzed olefin polymerization methods and the polymers and films prepared therefrom. In one aspect, this invention provides polyethylene and ethylene\/α-olefin copolymers formed in the presence of tightly-bridged metallocene catalyst, organoaluminum cocatalyst, and a chemically-treated solid oxide, and optionally in the presence of additional cocatalysts. The resins and films prepared from these polymers exhibit high haze values, low clarity values, and a low coefficient of friction.1 . A method of polymerizing olefins, comprising: contacting ethylene and at least one olefin comonomer with a catalyst composition under polymerization conditions to form a copolymer; wherein the catalyst composition comprises the contact product of at least one tightly-bridged metallocene compound, at least one organoaluminum compound, and at least one chemically-treated solid oxide; wherein the copolymer has a polydispersity index (Mw\/Mn) less than or equal to about 20; and wherein the copolymer has a film clarity of a 1 mil film less than or equal to about 30%.","label":"Catalyst","id":274}
{"sentence":"Method for the production of water absorbing polymersA process for producing a water-absorbing polymer by polymerizing a monomer solution and drying the resulting hydrogel by means of a heated gas stream comprises effecting the drying in two or more temperature zones, and\/or the gas stream is flowed against the hydrogel upwardly in the upstream sector of the belt dryer and downwardly in the downstream sector of the belt dryer, the direction of flow being reversed at a water content of 15% to 45% by weight for the hydrogel, and\/or the hydrogel layer is flowed against in a belt dryer upwardly to some extent at least, the gas velocity being 5% to 30% of the gas velocity required to lift the hydrogel off the belt,  also apparatus for carrying out the process and use of the water-absorbing polymers produced by the process to produce hygiene articles.1. A process for drying water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerizing a monomer solution comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid-functional monomer and at least one crosslinker and comminuting a resulting hydrogel to hydrogel particles, then drying the hydrogel particles, said drying comprising use of a heated gas stream, and (a) effecting the drying in two or more temperature zones for which gas inlet temperatures satisfy the condition Tn unequal Tn+a and the gas inlet temperature Tn+a is at least 150° C., where the indices n and a are each a whole number greater than 0, and\/or (b) the gas stream is flowed against the hydrogel particles upwardly in an upstream sector of a belt dryer and downwardly in a downstream sector of a belt dryer, the direction of flow being reversed at a water content of 15% to 45% by weight for the hydrogel particles, and\/or (c) a layer of the hydrogel particles is flowed against in a belt dryer upwardly to some extent at least, a gas velocity being 5% to 30% of a gas velocity required to lift the hydrogel off the belt.","label":"Household","id":275}
{"sentence":"Polymerization Process for Preparing PolyolefinsA solution process for polymerizing one or more α-olefins of formula CH2═CHR, where R is H or an alkyl radical C1-12, to produce a polymer that is soluble in the reaction medium, the process comprising:  (a) polymerization in a solution phase of one or more α-olefins in the presence of an organo-aluminum compound and a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound as the catalyst component;  (b) the polymeric solution obtained from step a) is then pressurized and transferred by means of a screw pump to a successive step for removing the unreacted monomers from the polymer;  wherein the pumping capacity of said screw pump is kept constant by adding the polymeric solution with water at a feeding point upstream the screw pump.1 . A solution process for polymerizing at least one α-olefin of formula CH2═CHR, where R is H or an alkyl radical C1-12, to produce a polymer that is soluble in the reaction medium, the process comprising: (a) polymerizing in a solution phase of at least one α-olefin in the presence of an organo-aluminum compound and a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound as the catalyst component to produce a polymeric solution; and (b) pressurizing and transferring, by means of a screw pump comprising a rotor and stator surface, the polymeric solution obtained from step a) to a successive step for removing unreacted monomers from the polymer; wherein the polymeric solution is added with water at a feeding point upstream the pump, and a molar ratio H2O\/Al is comprised between 0.5 and 8.0.","label":"HouseConst","id":276}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of alkali metal silicate-organic plasticsPolymerable organic compounds are emulsified with aqueous alkali metal silicate solutions then polymerized with a catalyst such as a peroxide type catalyst thereby producing an alkali metal silicate organic plastic which may be used as an adhesive or as molding powder.1. The process for the production of polyurethane silicate products by mixing and reacting the following components: (a) an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution in the amount of 100 parts by weight; (b) a polymerable unsaturated organic compound in the amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight; (c) a salt-forming compound in the amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight, consisting of organic acids; (d) an initiator in a catalytic amount; (e) 50 to 200 parts by weight of an organic polyisocyanate or polyisothiocyanate; (f) up to 10% by weight of an initiator and (g) up to 20% by weight of an emulsifier, percentage based on the weight of Components (a), (b), (c) and (d).","label":"HouseConst","id":277}
{"sentence":"PNEUMATIC TIREThe present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a component comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) from about 60 to about 90 phr of a polymer comprising (1) a terminating group provided from a terminating compound XnSi(OR)mR′4-m-n wherein X is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, R is an alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 7 carbons, R′ is a alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 20 carbons, an aryl group, a vinyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, m is an integer from about 1 to about 4, n is an integer from about 0 to about 2, and a sum of n and m is from 1 to 4; (2) repeat units comprising: (a) a repeat unit provided from a conjugated diolefin monomer, and (b) a repeat unit provided from an amine monomer; (B) from about 40 to about 10 phr of polybutadiene having a microstructure comprised of about 96 to about 99 percent cis 1,4-isomeric units, about 0.1 to about 1 percent trans 1,4-isomeric units and from about 1 to about 3 percent vinyl 1,2-isomeric units; a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from about 75,000 to about 150,000 and a heterogeneity index (Mw\/Mn) in a range of from about 3\/1 to about 5\/1; and (C) from about 50 to about 150 phr of silica.1 . A pneumatic tire having a component comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) from about 60 to about 90 phr of a polymer comprising (1) a terminating group provided from a terminating compound XnSi(OR)mR′4-m-n wherein X is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, R is an alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 7 carbons, R′ is a alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 20 carbons, an aryl group, a vinyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, m is an integer from about 1 to about 4, n is an integer from about 0 to about 2, and a sum of n and m is from 1 to 4; (2) repeat units comprising: (a) a repeat unit provided from a conjugated diolefin monomer, and (b) a repeat unit provided from an amine monomer; (B) from about 40 to about 10 phr of polybutadiene having a microstructure comprised of about 96 to about 99 percent cis 1,4-isomeric units, about 0.1 to about 1 percent trans 1,4-isomeric units and from about 1 to about 3 percent vinyl 1,2-isomeric units; a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from about 75,000 to about 150,000 and a heterogeneity index (Mw\/Mn) in a range of from about 3\/1 to about 5\/1; and (C) from about 50 to about 150 phr of silica.","label":"Automobile","id":278}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of metallocene compoundsA new process is disclosed, particularly simple, convenient and practical, for the direct synthesis of metallocenes of formula (I): (CP)(ZR1m)n(A)rMLpL'qwherein (ZR1m)nis a divalent group bridging Cp and A; Cp is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadieryl group; A is --O--, --S--, --N(R2)--, wherein R2is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, or A has the same meaning of Cp; M is a transition metal belonging to group 3, 4, 5, 6 or to the lanthanide or actinide groups; L is a monoanionic sigma ligand, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally containing Si or Ge; L' is halogen or --OR5,R5being a hydrocarbon radical; m is 1 or 2; n is 0-4; r is 0 or 1; p is 1-3; q is 0-2. Said process comprises reacting the ligand (Y--Cp)(ZR1m)n(A--Y)r,wherein Y is a suitable leaving group, with at least 1 molar equivalent of ML'sin the presence of at least (1+r+p) molar equivalents of LjB or LMgL', wherein B is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal, s ranges from 3 to 6, and j is 1 or 2.1. A process for the preparation of cyclopentadienyl metallocene compounds of formula (I): [Equation] (Cp)(ZR1m)n(A)rMLpL'sq (I) wherein (ZR1m)nis a divalent group bridging Cp and A, Z being C, Si, Ge, N or P, and the R1groups, same or different from each other, being hydrogen or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl or C7-C20arylalkyl groups; Cp is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl group, optionally condensed to one or more substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic rings, containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; A is --O--, --S--, --N(R2)--, wherein R2is hydrogen, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl or C7-C20arylalkyl, or A has the same meaning of Cp; M is a transition metal belonging to group 3, 4, 5, 6 or to the lanthanide or actinide groups of the Periodic Table of the Elements (IUPAC version); the substituents L, same or different from each other, are monoanionic sigma ligands selected from the group consisting of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl and C7-C20arylalkyl groups, optionally containing one or more Si or Ge atoms; the substituents L's, same or different from each other, are halogens or --OR5,wherein R5has the same meaning of R1; m is 1 or 2; n ranges from 0 to 4; r is 0 or 1; n is 0 when r is 0; p ranges from 1 to 3; q ranges from 0 to 2, p+q being equal to the oxidation state of the metal M minus 2 when r=1, and minus 1 when r=0, and p+q being≤4; said process being characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) reacting a ligand of formula (Y--Cp)(ZR1m)n(A--Y)rwith at least (1+r+p) molar equivalents of a compound of formula LjB or LMgL's, wherein Cp, A, Z, R1,m, n, p, r, L and L's have the meaning reported above; the groups Y, the same or different from each other, are suitable leaving groups; B is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal; and j is 1 or 2, j being equal to 1 when B is an alkaline metal, and j being equal to 2 when B is an alkaline-earth metal; and (2) reacting the product obtained from step (1) with at least 1 molar equivalent of a compound of formula ML'ss,wherein M and L's have the meaning reported above; s is an integer corresponding to the oxidation state of the metal and ranges from 3 to 6.","label":"Catalyst","id":279}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene and catalyst composition for its preparationPolyethylene which comprises ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins and has a molar mass distribution width Mw\/Mn of from 6 to 100, a density of from 0.89 to 0.97 g\/cm3, a weight average molar mass Mw of from 5000 g\/mol to 700 000 g\/mol and has from 0.01 to 20 branches\/1000 carbon atoms and at least 0.5 vinyl groups\/1000 carbon atoms, wherein the 5-50% by weight of the polyethylene having the lowest molar masses have a degree of branching of less than 10 branches\/1000 carbon atoms and the 5-50% by weight of the polyethylene having the highest molar masses have a degree of branching of more than 2 branches\/1000 carbon atoms, a process for its preparation, catalysts suitable for its preparation and also fibers, moldings, films or polymer blends in which this polyethylene is present.1. A polyethylene which comprises ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins and has a molar mass distribution width Mw\/Mn of from 11 to 60, a density of from 0.89 to 0.97 g\/cm3, a weight average molar mass Mw of from 5000 g\/mol to 700,000 g\/mol and has from 0.01 to 20 branches\/1000 carbon atoms and at least 0.5 vinyl groups\/1000 carbon atoms, wherein a part of the polyethylene having a molar mass of less than 10,000 g\/mol has a degree of branching of from 0 to 1.5 branches of side chains larger than CH3\/1000 carbon atoms.","label":"HouseConst","id":280}
{"sentence":"Divided wall exchange columnA divided wall exchange column includes a dividing wall strengthened by stiffening members and\/or a double wall design to better withstand pressure differentials and minimize temperature differentials. When a double wall is used, cost of manufacture and installation is minimized by reducing the manufacturing tolerances required while providing a design robust in construction, installation, and operation. When structured packing is used, the stiffening members, combined with positioning the layers of packing at preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, result in minimal interference with the heat and\/or mass transfer process while minimizing the complexity of manufacture and construction of the packing. Further, by positioning the top layer of structured packing at other preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, a simplified liquid distributor design may be used in the divided wall exchange column while the layers below may still be orientated as described above with all the associated benefits.1. An apparatus, comprising: an exchange column having a primary longitudinal axis, an inner wall spaced apart from and surrounding the primary longitudinal axis, thereby being an interior space between the inner wall and the primary longitudinal axis; a dividing wall disposed in the interior space, the dividing wall having a first side and a second side and dividing the interior space into at least a first longitudinal space adjacent the first side of the dividing wall and a second longitudinal space adjacent the second side of the dividing wall; a first layer of structured packing disposed in the first longitudinal space, the first layer of structured packing having a first longitudinal axis at a first angle relative to the dividing wall; a second layer of structured packing disposed in the first longitudinal space adjacent and below the first layer of structured packing, the second layer of structured packing having a second longitudinal axis at a second angle relative to the dividing wall, the second longitudinal axis being at a rotated angle relative to the first longitudinal axis; and at least one elongated stiffening member having a first end connected to the inner wall of the exchange column and a second end opposite the first end, the second end being connected to the first side of the dividing wall, at least a portion of the at least one elongated stiffening member being disposed in the second layer of structured packing and being substantially parallel to the second longitudinal axis.","label":"Process","id":281}
{"sentence":"Metallocenes and catalysts for olefin-polymerisationA class of metallocenes of formula (I): (ZR1m)n(Cp)(A)rMLpL'q(I) wherein (ZR1m)n,is a divalent group bridging Cp and A, Cp is a heterocyclic cyclopentadienyl group of formula (II) or (II'), wherein one of X or Y is a single bond, the other being an heteroatom; R2and R3are hydrogen, halogen or a hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms; R4is halogen or an hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms; the group A is a cyclopentadienyl derivative or is equal to Cp; M is Ti, Zr or Hf; m is 1 or 2; n ranges from 0 to 4; r is 0 or 1; p and q range from 0 to 3; and a ranges from 0 to 4. Moreover, are disclosed catalyst systems containing these metallocenes, useful in the polymerization of olefins.1. A metallocene of formula (I): [Equation] (ZR1m)n(Cp)(A)rMLpL'sq (I) wherein (ZR1m)nis a divalent group bridging Cp and A, Z is selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge, N, or P, and each R1is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl, and C7-C20arylalkyl groups, Cp is a heterocyclic cyclopentadienyl group of formula (IIa), (II'sa), (IIb), or (II'sb), or Cp is a partially hydrogenated derivative of the heterocyclic group of formula (IIa), (II'sa), (IIb), or (II'sb): wherein X or Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, NR6,and PR6wherein R6is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl, and C7-C20arylalkyl group, optionally containing one or more atoms belonging to groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; R2and R3,the same or different from each other, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl, C7-C20arylalkyl, --OR6,--OCOR6,--SR6,--NR62,wherein R6has the meaning reported above; or R2and R3from together a condensed C5-C7ring, saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, optionally containing one or more atoms belonging to groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; the substituents R4,the same or different from each other, are selected from the group consisting of halogen, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkylaryl, C7-C20arylalkyl, OR6,--OCOR6,--SR6,--NR62,and --PR62,wherein R6has the meaning reported above; a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; A is a substitued or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl, --NR6wherein R6has the meaning reported above, corresponds to formula (IIa), (II'sa), (IIb), or (II'sb), or corresponds to a partially hydrogenated derivative of formula (IIa), (II'sa), (IIb), or (II'sb); M is a transition metal belonging to group 3, 4, 5, 6 or to the lanthanide or actinide groups of the Periodic Table of the Elements; each substituent L is independently a monoanionic sigma ligand selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, --R6,--OR6,--OCOR6,--OSO2CF3,--SR6,--NR62,and PR62,wherein each R6group, the same or different from each other, has the meaning reported above; each substituent L's is independently a Lewis base; m is 1 or 2, being 1 when Z is N or P, and being 2 when Z is C, Si, or Ge; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; r is 0 when r is 0; p and q are integers ranging from 0 to 3, p being equal to the valence of the metal M minus when r=1, and minus 1 when r=0, and p+q being ≤3.","label":"HouseConst","id":282}
{"sentence":"Jet mill combining high speed grinding apparatus and high speed grinding apparatus with jet mill mounted thereonThe present invention relates to a jet mill combining a high speed grinding apparatus and a high speed grinding apparatus with a jet mill mounted thereon wherein in consideration of the properties of aluminum having a high degree of softness, pressurizing air is injected not through existing air nozzles, but through injection holes, and the number of injection holes and the approach angles toward air of the injection holes are optimized to maximize the particle collision of the grinding object, thereby manufacturing granules having particle sizes in the range between 100 μm and 1000 μm.1. A high speed grinding apparatus comprising: a rotary shaft rotated by a rotor; a support rod having a curved recess open upwardly; a grinding unit having a rotary blade part having the center formed in a shape of a cylinder coupled to the rotary shaft and a plurality of rotary blades formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof, the rotary blade part being increased in diameter as it goes from one side thereof toward the other side thereof, and a fixed blade part mounted on the curved recess of the support rod in such a manner as to be located on the concentric circle of the first rotary shaft and having a plurality of fixed blades formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof in such a manner as to be spaced apart from each other with a given distance separated from the turning radius of the rotary blades; an introduction part mounted on one side of the rotary blade part and having an introduction hole formed to introduce an object thereinto; a discharge part mounted on the other side of the grinding unit and having a discharge hole formed to discharge the grinded object therefrom and an opening formed on one surface toward the grinding unit; a jet mill mounted adjacent to the grinding unit in such a manner as to pass the rotary shaft through the center thereof and adapted to inject pressurizing air into the grinded object if the grinded object is introduced from the grinding unit, thereby performing grinding through the particle collision of the grinded object; and an impeller mounted on the opening of the discharge part and having a disc rotatably fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft and a plurality of blades mounted vertically on the disc, wherein the grinded object is introduced into the space between the rotary blade part and the fixed blade part, collides against each other through the rotation of the rotary blades, and is introduced into the jet mill, and next, the particles of the grinded object collide against each other through the swirling movements of the pressurizing air injected from the jet mill and grinded to fine particle sizes, and wherein the impeller is rotated through the rotation of the rotary shaft to increase the discharge pressure of air and at the same time collides the grinded object introduced from the jet mill against the blades to discharge the grinded object to the discharge part.","label":"IndustConst","id":283}
{"sentence":"camera testing device and method for testing a cameraA testing device for a camera, in particular of driver assistance systems in a motor vehicle, including a mount for a camera and at least two light sources for emitting test light toward the camera, the mount and at least one of the at least two light sources being situated fixed in relation to one another with respect to their relative location and position, and a control device which is configured to activate the at least two light sources in such a way that in chronological sequence one light source is switched on and the at least one other light source is switched off. Also described is a related testing method for a camera and a testing system.12 . A testing device for a camera, of a driver assistance system in a motor vehicle, comprising: a mount for a camera; at least two light sources to emit test light towards the camera, wherein the mount and at least one of the at least two light sources are situated fixed in relation to one another with respect to their relative location and position; and a control device to activate the at least two light sources so that in chronological sequence one light source is switched on and the at least one other light source is switched off, wherein the control device is configured to activate the at least two light sources synchronously with an image capture of an image of the camera.","label":"Automobile","id":284}
{"sentence":"Oligomerisation of olefinic compounds in the presence of an activated oligomerisation catalystThis invention relates to the oligomerization of olefinic compounds in the presence of an activated oligomerization catalyst. The invention also extends to a particular manner for providing an activated oligomerization catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerization of at least one olefinic compound, the process including (a) providing an activated oligomerization catalyst by combining, in any order, iii) a source of chromium, ιv) a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n wherein X1and X2are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulphur and selenium or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or O where the valence of X1and\/or X2allows for such oxidation, Y is a linking group between X1and X2which linking group contains at least one nitrogen atom which is directly bonded to X1or X2, m and n are independently 0, 1 or a larger integer, and R1and R2are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, and the respective R1groups are the same or different when m>1, and the respective R2groups are the same or different when n>1, in) a catalyst activator which is an organoboron compound including a cation and a non-coordinating anion of the general formula [(R10)xL*-H]+[B(R20)4]− wherein L* is an atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and P, the cation [(R10)x L*-H]* is a Bronsted acid, x is an integer 1, 2 or 3, each R10is the same or different when x is 2 or 3 and each is a —H, hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one of R10comprises at least 6 carbon atoms and provided further that the total number of carbon atoms in (R10)x collectively is greater than 12, R20independently at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of hydride, dialkylamido, halide, alkoxide, aryloxide, hydrocarbyl, halosubstituted-hydrocarbyl radicals, halosubstituted-alkoxide, halosubstituted-aryloxide and a halosubstituted aromatic ring moiety with at least one halide substituent on the aromatic ring, and vi) an aliphatic solvent, and (b) contacting the at least one olefinic compound with the activated oligomerization catalyst to produce an oligomeric product.1. A process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerisation of at least one olefinic compound, the process including (a) providing an activated oligomerisation catalyst by combining, in any order, i) a source of chromium; ii) a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n wherein: X1and X2are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulphur and selenium or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or O where the valence of X1and\/or X2allows for such oxidation; Y is a linking group between X1and X2which linking group contains at least one nitrogen atom which is directly bonded to X1or X2; m and n are independently 0, 1 or a larger integer; and R1and R2are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, and the respective R1groups are the same or different when m>1, and the respective R2groups are the same or different when n>1; iii) a catalyst activator which is an organoboron compound including a cation and a non-coordinating anion of the general formula [(R10)xL*-H]+[B(R20)4]− wherein: L* is an atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and P; the cation [(R10)xL*-H]* is a Bronsted acid; x is an Integer 1, 2 or 3; each R10is the same or different when x is 2 or 3 and each is a —H, hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group; provided that at least one of R10comprises at least 6 carbon atoms and provided further that the total number of carbon atoms in (R10)x collectively is greater than 12; R20independently at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of hydride, dialkylamido, halide, alkoxide, aryloxide, hydrocarbyl, halosubstituted hydrocarbyl radicals, halosubstituted-alkoxide, halosubstituted-aryloxide and a halosubstituted aromatic ring moiety with at least one halide substituent on the aromatic ring; and iv) an aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid solvent; and (b) contacting the at least one olefinic compound with the activated oligomerisation catalyst to produce an oligomeric product; and wherein the oligomeric product contains less than 5.7 weight percent polyethylene.","label":"Catalyst","id":285}
{"sentence":"Method for preparing 1,3-butadiene from n-butenes by oxidative dehydrogenationThe invention relates to a method for producing butadiene from n-butenes having the steps: A) providing a feed gas stream a comprising n-butenes; B) feeding the feed gas stream a comprising the n-butenes and an oxygen-comprising gas into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, wherein a product gas stream b comprising butadiene, unreacted n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, high-boiling minor components, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases is obtained; Ca) cooling the product gas stream b by contacting it with a refrigerant and condensing at least a part of the high-boiling minor components; Cb) compressing the remaining product gas stream b in at least one compression stage, wherein at least one aqueous condensate stream c 1 and a gas stream c 2 comprising butadiene, n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases are obtained; Da) separating off non-condensable and low-boiling gas components comprising oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases as gas stream d 2 from the gas stream c 2 by absorbing the C4 hydrocarbon-comprising butadiene and n-butenes in an absorbent, wherein an absorbent stream loaded with C4 hydrocarbons and the gas stream d 2 are obtained, and Db) subsequent desorption of the C4 hydrocarbons from the loaded absorbent stream in a desorption column, wherein a C4 product gas stream d 1 is obtained,  wherein a polymerization inhibitor is added in step Db) at the column head of the desorption column.1. A method for producing butadiene from n-butenes having the steps: A) providing a feed gas stream a comprising n-butenes; B) feeding the feed gas stream a comprising n-butenes and an oxygen-comprising gas into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, wherein a product gas stream b comprising butadiene, unreacted n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, high-boiling minor components, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases is obtained; Ca) cooling the product gas stream b by contacting it with a refrigerant and condensing at least a part of the high-boiling minor components; Cb) compressing the remaining product gas stream b in at least one compression stage, wherein at least one aqueous condensate stream c 1 and a gas stream c 2 comprising butadiene, n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases are obtained; Da) separating off non-condensable and low-boiling gas components comprising oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases as a gas stream d 2 from the gas stream c 2 by absorbing C4 hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes in an absorbent, wherein an absorbent stream loaded with C4 hydrocarbons and the gas stream d 2 are obtained, and Db) subsequently desorbing the C4 hydrocarbons from the loaded absorbent stream in a desorption column, wherein a C4 product gas stream dl is obtained, wherein the desorption column comprises a top condenser located at a head of the column, and wherein a polymerization inhibitor is added in step Db) at the top condenser of the desorption column.","label":"Process","id":286}
{"sentence":"Process for distillation of styrenesThe present invention provides a process for distillation of styrenes which can be stably operated without loss of energy saving effect, by leading a part or all of low boiling point component vapor from the top to a compressor to use as a heat source for a reboiler and returning the low boiling point components condensed in the reboiler or a mixture of the condensate and a part of the uncondensed vapor to a recycling line of a distillation column.1. In a process for distillation of styrenes by distilling a liquid mixture of styrenes obtained by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzenes and separating styrenes from ethylbenzenes, the improvement which comprises feeding said liquid mixture of styrenes into a middle portion of a distillation column of a packed column type which is operated under reduced pressure; withdrawing from the top of said distillation column a vapor of low boiling components consisting mainly of ethylbenzenes and withdrawing from the bottom of said distillation column a liquid of high boiling components consisting mainly of styrenes; leading a large part of said vapor of low boiling components to a compressor to elevate the temperature of said vapor by adiabatic compression and leading the remaining part of said vapor of low boiling components to a condenser; introducing said compressed vapor of low boiling components to a reboiler of said distillation column wherein a part of said compressed vapor of low boiling components is condensed and the latent heat thereby released is used as a heat source for said reboiler; leading the condensed liquid of low boiling components condensed in said reboiler and the uncondensed vapor of low boiling components uncondensed in said reboiler to a vapor-liquid separation tank and separating said uncondensed vapor from said condensed liquid; returning said uncondensed vapor of low boiling components separated in said separation tank to said condenser; introducing said condensed liquid of low boiling components separated in said separation tank into a preheater wherein the condensed liquid of low boiling components undergo heat exchange with the vapor of low boiling components fed into the compressor through the preheater; thereafter refluxing a part of said condensed liquid of low boiling components condensed in said condenser and said reboiler to the upper portion of said distillation column via a refluxing line thereof; and withdrawing the remaining condensed liquid of low boiling components from the distillation system.","label":"Process","id":287}
{"sentence":"Powdery, cross-linked absorbent polymers, method for the production thereof, and their useThe invention relates to crosslinked polymerizates which are capable of absorbing, which are based on partially neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers that carry acidic groups, which exhibit improved properties, in particular, with regard to their ability to transport liquids when in a swollen state, and which have been subsequently crosslinked on the surface thereof with a combination consisting of an organic crosslinker compound, with the exception of polyols, and of a cation provided in the form of a salt in an aqueous solution.1. A superabsorber particulate composition having a surface which has been subjected to secondary crosslinking at its surface, comprising a polymer comprising a) from about 55 to about 99.9 wt % of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising acrylic acid and are neutralized to 50-80 mole %, b) from 0 to about 40 wt % of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with a), c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt % of one or more polymerized crosslinkers, d) from 0 to about 30 wt % of a water soluble polymer, wherein the sum of the weight amounts a) through d) is 100 wt % and wherein the polymer is formed into a particulate superabsorber polymer product having a particle size from about 20 μm to 2000 μm, wherein the particulate superabsorber polymer product has been crosslinked on the surface thereof with an aqueous combination consisting of e) from about 1 to about 2 wt %, relative to the polymer product, of an organic surface secondary crosslinking agent consisting of 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, with the exception of polyols, and f) from about 0.3 to about 1 wt %, relative to the polymer product, of a compound selected from aluminum sulfate 14-hydrate, aluminum sulfate 18-hydrate, aluminum chloride 6-hydrate, ferric chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, or magnesium acetate 4-hydrate, to form a treated particulate superabsorber polymer, and the treated particulate superabsorber polymer has been subjected to surface secondary crosslinking wherein the surface secondary crosslinking reaction excludes polyols and is performed at temperatures from about 160° C. to about 210° C. to form the superabsorber particulate composition, wherein the amount of water used for the treatment of the particulate superabsorber polymer product with the an aqueous combination consisting of the organic surface secondary crosslinking agent consisting of 1,3-dioxolan-2-one of e) and the compound selected from aluminum sulfate 14-hydrate, aluminum sulfate 18-hydrate, aluminum chloride 6-hydrate, ferric chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, or magnesium acetate 4-hydrate of f) is from about 0.5 to about 10 wt % relative to the particulate superabsorber polymer product, wherein the superabsorber particulate composition has a permeability as measured by the saline flow conductivity test, SFC, of from about 40×10−7cm3s\/g to about 150×10−7cm3s\/g; and a retention as measured by the tea bag test, TB, of from about 23.5 g\/g to about 40 g\/g and a AAP0.7 of from about 22.5 to about 25.5 g\/g as measured by the liquid absorption under pressure at 0.7 psi.","label":"Household","id":288}
{"sentence":"Hydrophobic aerogel materialsThe present disclosure provides an aerogel composition which is durable and easy to handle, which has favorable performance in aqueous environments, and which also has favorable combustion and self-heating properties. Also provided is a method of preparing an aerogel composition which is durable and easy to handle, which has favorable performance in aqueous environments, and which has favorable combustion and self-heating properties. Further provided is a method of improving the hydrophobicity, the liquid water uptake, the heat of combustion, or the onset of thermal decomposition temperature of an aerogel composition.1. A method for preparing a fiber- or foam-reinforced aerogel composite, comprising: Providing a reinforced aerogel composition comprising a silica-based aerogel framework including aerogel material, a fiber or foam reinforcement material, and at least one hydrophobic-bound silicon; and Exposing the reinforced aerogel composition to a heat treatment in a reduced oxygen atmosphere to form a reinforced, silica-based aerogel composite, wherein the heat treatment comprises exposure to one or more temperatures between 515° C. and 700° C., for at least 1 minute, wherein the reinforced aerogel composition is not exposed to a temperature above 700° C. for more than 1 minute, the reinforced, silica-based aerogel composite after the heat treatment has a liquid water uptake of 40 wt % or less, and the reinforced, silica-based aerogel composite after the heat treatment has a heat of combustion of less than 750 cal\/g.","label":"IndustConst","id":289}
{"sentence":"Water absorbing agent and production method thereofA water absorbing agent includes water absorbent resin particles which are obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer and which internally include a cross-linked structure, wherein a pressurized void average radius index is 140 or more. As a result, it is possible to provide a water absorbing agent which essentially includes water absorbent resin particles and is suitable for use in a sanitary material. Specifically, it is possible to improve not only a performance for absorbing and retaining aqueous liquid without pressure or under pressure but also (i) a performance for quickly absorbing aqueous liquid with a great help of a performance of a fibrous material, (ii) a performance for dispersing the aqueous liquid after absorbing the aqueous liquid, and (iii) a performance for retaining the aqueous liquid after absorbing the aqueous liquid.1. A water absorbing agent, comprising water absorbent resin particles which are obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer and which internally include a cross-linked structure, wherein a pressurized void average radius index is 140 μm or more, where the pressurized void average radius index is a swollen gel void radius (d50) corresponding to 50% of a cumulative void water content in a physiological saline water under a load of 2.07 kPa, and the water absorbent resin particles each have a spherical or substantially spherical shape and the water absorbing agent contains a pressurized void average radius index enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of a multivalent metal compound, inorganic fine particles and a polycation polymer compound.","label":"Household","id":290}
{"sentence":"Polymerization processA process for preparing polyolefins having at least 0.01 long chain branches (LCB)\/1000 carbon atoms along the polymer backbone as measured by flow activation and a molecular weight distribution greater than 2.5 comprises polymerization in the presence of a metallocene complex having the formula: wherein Cp1,Cp2are independently a substituted or unsubstituted indenyl or hydrogenated indenyl group, Y is a univalent anionic ligand, M is zirconium, titanium or hafnium, and Z is a bridging group comprising an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a dialkyl silyl- or germyl- group, or alkyl phophine or amine radical. Polyolefins prepared from such a process show specific flow activation energy\/LCB relationships.1. A process for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms characterised in having (a) a flow activation energy (Ea) in the range 50≤Ea≤200kJ\/mol, (b) a degree of long chain branching (LCB\/1000C) as measured by GPC\/solution viscometry in the range 0.25≤LCB≤0.03 Ea=1.5 and (c) a breadth of molecular weight distribution Mw\/Mngreater than 2.5, said process comprising polymerising in a gas phase ethylene and an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the presence of an unprepolymerized supported catalyst comprising a metallocene complex having the general formula: wherein Cp1,Cp2are independently a substituted or unsubstituted indenyl or hydrogenated indenyl group, Y is a univalent anionic ligand, M is zirconium, titanium or hafnium, and Z is a bridging group comprising an alkylene group having 1 and 20 carbon atoms or a dialkyl silyl- or germanyl-group, or alkyl phophine or amine radical.","label":"Catalyst","id":291}
{"sentence":"1-butene copolymers compositions for extruded profilesExtruded or molded profiles comprising a polyolefin composition consisting of 85% by weight or more of a copolymer of 1-butene with ethylene (A) having an ethylene copolymerized content up to 18% by mol, and having Mw\/Mn lower than 3, hardness shore A (measured according to ISO 868) lower than 90, no melting point (TmII) detectable at the DSC after cancelling the thermal history, melting enthalpy (ΔHf), measured by DSC after 10 days of aging at room temperature, comprised between 4 and 15 J\/g; and up to 15% by weight of a propylene copolymer or a composition of copolymers of propylene (B) having a melting point from about 126° C. to 200° C., isotactic index greater than 90%.1. An article comprising a polyolefin composition consisting of: A) a copolymer of 1-butene with ethylene having ethylene copolymerized content up to 18% by mol and, wherein component A) has the following properties: a) distribution of molecular weight Mw\/Mn equal to or less than 3; b) hardness shore A (measured according to ISO 868) of equal to or less than 90; c) no melting point TmII detectable at the DSC; d) melting enthalpy (ΔHf), measured by DSC after 10 days of aging at room temperature, of from 4 to 30 J\/g; and optionally B) up to 15% by weight of a propylene copolymer or a composition of copolymers of propylene, wherein component B) has the following properties: i) a melting point from about 126° C. to 200° C.; and iii) isotactic index equal to or greater than 80% wherein the article has the form of a window glaze seal, door or window frame seal, a clamping joint for window panes, an expansion joint for buildings curtain wall gaps or paved floor gaps, a flexible lip seal (windows), a trim, a gasket, or an o-ring.","label":"Construct","id":292}
{"sentence":"Absorbent structure, its production process, and absorbent article comprising said absorbent structureAn object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent structure, its production process, and an absorbent article comprising the absorbent structure, wherein, in the absorbent structure, a water-absorbent resin is fixed, and the restrictions, due to this fixation, on the swelling are small, and the absorbent structure is excellent in absorption properties and usable favorably for thin type absorbent articles in which the water-absorbent resin is used in an increased amount. As a means of achieving this object, the absorbent structure according to the present invention comprises a base material, a water-absorbent resin layer, and a hot-melt adhesive, wherein the water-absorbent resin layer includes a water-absorbent resin as an essential material and is fixed to the base material with the hot-melt adhesive; with the absorbent structure being characterized by: being a multi-layered structure including at least the following three layers: a layer of the base material; the water-absorbent resin layer; and the hot-melt adhesive; and displaying an average space ratio of 30 to 70% and an average space radius of 100 to 300 &mu;m during saturation-swelling without load.1 . An absorbent structure, which comprises a base material, a water-absorbent resin layer, and a hot-melt adhesive, wherein the water-absorbent resin layer includes a water-absorbent resin as an essential material and is fixed to the base material with the hot-melt adhesive; with the absorbent structure being characterized by: being a multi-layered structure including at least the following three layers: a layer of the base material; the water-absorbent resin layer; and the hot-melt adhesive; and displaying an average space ratio of 30 to 70% and an average space radius of 100 to 300 &mu;m during saturation-swelling with a physiological saline (a 0.9 mass % aqueous NaCl solution) without load.","label":"Household","id":293}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent Materials Comprising PeroxideThis invention pertains to a polymeric composition and an antimicrobial composition, each comprising a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), such as used in diapers and sanitary napkins, and peroxide. The superabsorbent material can be made by the process of treating a preformed SAP, such as a crosslinked polyacrylate salt, with a treatment solution comprising hydrogen peroxide dissolved in water, followed by drying. The resulting superabsorbent material has strong antimicrobial activity. Optionally, the treatment solution may also contain a metal salt, including those of zinc, zirconium, and magnesium.1 . A polymeric composition comprising sequestered peroxide, produced by treating a superabsorbent polymer with at least 0.005 grams of hydrogen peroxide per gram of superabsorbent polymer, wherein said treatment comprises swelling the superabsorbent polymer with an aqueous treatment solution comprising aqueous hydrogen peroxide, followed by drying.","label":"Household","id":294}
{"sentence":"Absorbent structure with superabsorbent materialAn absorbent structure made at least in part from a superabsorbent material having a retention capacity (CRC) as determined by a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test of at least about 25 g\/g and a free swell gel bed permeability (GBP) as determined by a Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test of at least 575×10−9cm2. In another embodiment, the absorbent structure is made at least in part from a superabsorbent material having a retention capacity (CRC) as determined by a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test of at least about 25 g\/g, an absorbency under load (AUL) at 0.9 psi as determined by an Absorbency Under Load Test of at least 18 and a free swell gel bed permeability (GBP) as determined by a Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test of at least about 350×10−9cm2.1. An absorbent structure comprising at least in part a superabsorbent material comprising a crosslinked superabsorbent polymer or combination of polymers comprising from about 55 to about 99.9 weight percent of polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomers and ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomers and which are selected from acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and ethoxylated (meth)-acrylates, the superabsorbent material having a retention capacity (CRC) as determined by a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test of at least about 25 g\/g and a free swell gel bed permeability (GBP) as determined by a Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test of at least 575 ×10−9cm2, wherein the superabsorbent material in the absorbent structure comprises in the range of about 40 percent to about 60 percent of the weight of the absorbent structure.","label":"Household","id":295}
{"sentence":"Process for the polymerization of alpha olefinsA process for preparing 1-butene polymers, comprising polymerizing 1-butene or copolymerizing 1-butene with ethylene, propylene or an alpha-olefin of formula CH2═CHT wherein T is a C3-C10 alkyl group, in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by contacting: A) a metallocene compound belonging to formula (I):   wherein M is zirconium titanium or hafnium; X, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing heteroatoms; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12and R13are hydrogen atoms, or C1-C4O hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms; R1, R2and R3, are linear or branched, C1-C20-alkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms: B) a lumoxane or a compound capable of forming an alkyl metallocene cation; and optionally C) organo aluminum compound.1. A process for preparing 1-butene polymers, comprising polymerizing 1-butene or copolymerizing 1-butene with ethylene, propylene or an alpha-olefin of formula CH2═CHT wherein T is a C3-C10 alkyl group, in the presence of a catalyst system obtained by contacting: A) a metallocene compound belonging to formula (I): wherein M is zirconium, titanium or hafnium; X, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an R, OR, OR′O, OSO2CF3, OCOR, SR, NR2 or PR2 group wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C20-alkyl, C3-C20-cycloalkyl, C6-C20-aryl, C7-C20-alkylaryl or C7-C20-arylalkyl radical, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and R′ is a C1-C20-alkylidene, C6-C20-arylidene, C7-C20-alkylarylidene, or C7-C20-arylalkylidene radical; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms, or C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; at least two R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11can also optionally join to form at least one C4-C10 condensed saturated or unsaturated ring; R12and R13, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1-C40 hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; and R1is a linear or branched, C1-C20-alkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; R2and R3, equal to or different from each other, are linear C1-C20-alkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodiv Table of the Elements; B) an alumoxane or a compound that forms an alkyl metallocene cation; and optionally C) an organo aluminum compound.","label":"Catalyst","id":296}
{"sentence":"Oligomerisation of olefinic compounds in an aliphatic mediumThis invention relates to a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerization of at least one olefinic compound by contacting the at least one olefinic compound with an oligomerization catalyst in an aliphatic liquid medium at a reaction temperature of at least 50° C. The catalyst comprises the combination of a source of a transition metal; and a ligating compound of the formula (R1)m X1(Y) X2(R2)m.1. A process for producing an oligomeric product containing octene by the tetramerisation of an olefinic compound in the form of ethylene comprising contacting ethylene with a tetramerisation catalyst in an aliphatic liquid medium at a reaction temperature of at least 50° C., wherein the catalyst comprises the combination of i) a source of a transition metal; and ii) a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n wherein: X1and X2are independently selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, S and Se; Y is a linking group between X1and X2; m and n are independently 0, 1 or a larger integer; and R1and R2are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, and R1is the same or different when m>1, and R2is the same or different when n>1 and wherein the product produced includes more than 30% by mass of octene.","label":"Catalyst","id":297}
{"sentence":"SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING WASTE HEATA waste heat recovery system includes at least two integrated rankine cycle systems coupled to at least two separate heat sources having different temperatures. The first rankine cycle system is coupled to a first heat source and configured to circulate a first working fluid. The second rankine cycle system is coupled to at least one second heat source and configured to circulate a second working fluid. The first and second working fluid are circulatable in heat exchange relationship through a cascading heat exchange unit for condensation of the first working fluid in the first rankine cycle system and evaporation of the second working fluid in the second rankine cycle system. At least one recuperator having a hot side and a cold side is disposed in the first rankine cycle system, second rankine cycle system, or combinations thereof. The at least one recuperator is configured to desuperheat and preheat the first working fluid, second working fluid, or combinations thereof.1 . A waste heat recovery system including at least two integrated rankine cycle systems, the recovery system comprising: a heat generation system comprising at least two separate heat sources having different temperatures; a first rankine cycle system coupled to a first heat source among the at least two separate heat sources and configured to circulate a first working fluid; wherein the first rankine system is configured to remove heat from the first heat source; a second rankine cycle system coupled to at least one second heat source among the at least two separate heat sources and configured to circulate a second working fluid, the at least one second heat source comprising a lower temperature heat source than the first heat source, wherein the second rankine cycle system is configured to remove heat from the at least one second heat source; a cascaded heat exchange unit, wherein the first and second working fluids are circulatable in heat exchange relationship through the cascaded heat exchange unit for condensation of the first working fluid in the first rankine cycle system and evaporation of the second working fluid in the second rankine cycle system; at least one recuperator comprising a hot side and a cold side disposed in the first rankine cycle system, second rankine cycle system, or combinations thereof; wherein the at least one recuperator is configured to desuperheat and preheat the first working fluid, second working fluid, or combinations thereof.","label":"Process","id":298}
{"sentence":"Latex compositions and uses thereofThe present technology provides a latex comprising: a mixture of microgels and sol polymers of an acrylic copolymer, wherein the Mc of the acrylic copolymer is greater than or equal to the Me thereof; the Mw of the sol polymers is greater than or equal to twice the Me of the acrylic copolymer; the amount of sol polymer having a Mw less than twice the Me of the acrylic copolymer is about 20 wt % or less than 20 wt %. Such lattices may be used to form films for use as adhesives such as pressure sensitive adhesives. Also provided are methods for manufacturing the films and adhesives.1. A latex comprising: a mixture of microgels and sol polymers of an acrylic copolymer, wherein the Mc of the acrylic copolymer is greater than or equal to the Me thereof; the Mw of the sol polymers is greater than or equal to twice the Me of the acrylic copolymer; the amount of sol polymer having a Mw less than twice the Me of the acrylic copolymer is about 20 wt % or less than 20 wt %; wherein the acrylic copolymer comprises copolymerized monomers of a low Tg acrylic monomer, a high Tg monomer, and a hydroxyl-containing acrylic monomer; and wherein the acrylic copolymer further comprises a cross-linker wherein the cross-linker is a copolymerized acrylic monomer containing a second carbon-carbon double bond.","label":"Construct","id":299}
{"sentence":"Bimodal molecular weight distribution polyolefinsResins which are in situ catalytically produced blends of broad bimodal molecular weight distribution ethylene resin are produced. The resins of the invention are characterized by a blend of low molecular weight component and high molecular weight component with HMW component weight fraction which is greater than 0 (zero). Generally, the LMW\/HMW weight fraction can be controlled within a very broad range. The resin has a molecular weight distribution, which is characterized as MFR or Mw\/Mn. The bimodal molecular weight resins can be processed into films on existing equipment, and exhibit good processability in blown film production and provide film product of excellent FQR. The resin of the invention exhibits reduced tendency towards die-lip buildup and smoking in on-line operations.1. A product in the form of particles, characterized by a weight average particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 0.04 inches, each particle comprising a resin which is selected from the group consisting of polymer of ethylene, copolymer of ethylene and admixtures thereof, wherein the resin has a density of 0.89 to 0.97; has a Mw\/Mn of 2.5 to 60, and has FI of 1 to 100, wherein said resin comprises two components of different molecular weight wherein one of said two components is a high molecular weight component (HMW) and wherein another of said two components is a low molecular weight component (LMW) with a molecular weight less than that of HMW, wherein said resin is characterized by Mw and Mw\/Mn; wherein the HMW component has a calculated FI of 0.005 to 50 and the LMW component has calculated MI of 0.1 to 20,000 and calculated Mw\/Mnof 2 to 5; and wherein the Mwand the Mw\/Mnof said resin in said particles is substantially constant over said range of weight average particle diameter; wherein the blend is formed in situ in a single reactor by a catalyst comprising a metallocene transition metal.","label":"Construct","id":300}
{"sentence":"PROCESS FOR HYDROGENATING METHYLOLALKANALSA process for catalytically hydrogenating methylolalkanals of the general formula     in which R1and R2are each independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having from 6 to 33 carbon atoms, in the liquid phase over a hydrogenation catalyst, which comprises setting a pH of from 7.0 to 9.0 in the hydrogenation effluent by adding at least one tertiary amine, an inorganic base or an inorganic or organic acid to the hydrogenation feed.11 . A process for catalytically hydrogenating a methylolalkanal of general formula (I) wherein R1and R2are each independently a methylol group, an alkyl group having up to 22 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 33 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having from 6 to 33 carbon atoms, and said process comprises a hydrogenation feed and a hydrogenation effluent, comprising hydrogenating said methylolalkanal of general formula (I) in the liquid phase over a hydrogenation catalyst, and maintaining a pH in the range of from 7.0 to 9.0 in said hydrogenation effluent by adding at least one tertiary amine, inorganic base., inorganic acid, or organic acid to said hydrogenation feed.","label":"Process","id":301}
{"sentence":"Method for making hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica gels under neutral conditionsThe present invention is hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica gels and a method for their preparation under neutral conditions. The method comprises two steps, where in the first step the pH of an organosilicate-modified silica hydrosol is adjusted with a base to within a range of about pH 3 to pH 7 to facilitate formation of an organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel. In the second step the organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel is contacted with an organosilicon compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid to effect hydrophobing of the organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel to form a hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica gel having a surface area within a range of about 100 m2\/g to 850 m2\/g in the dry state. In a preferred process the hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel is contacted with a sufficient quantity of a water-immiscible organic solvent to convert the hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel into a hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica organogel. A water soluble compound of cerium or iron may be added in the second step to improve the heat stability of the hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica gel.1. A method for preparing a hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica gel comprising: (A) adjusting the pH of an organosilicate-modified silica hydrosol comprising (i) about 2 to 50 weight percent of SiO2and (ii) 1 to 50 weight percent of an organosilicate described by formula R1SiO3\/2,where R1is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical comprising about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with a base to within a range of about pH 3 to pH 7 at a temperature within a range of about 10° C. to 250° C. to facilitate formation of an organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel, and (B) contacting the organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel with (1) a catalytic amount of a strong acid in an amount sufficient to effect reaction of the organosilicon compound with the organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel and (2) an organosilicon compound selected from the group consisting of organosilanes described by formula [Equation] R2aHbSiX4-a-b and organosiloxanes described by formula [Equation] R2nSiO(4-n)\/2, where each R2is independently selected from a group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals comprising about 1 to 12 carbon atoms and organofunctional hydrocarbon radicals comprising about 1 to 12 carbon atoms, each X is independently selected from a group consisting of halogen and alkoxy radicals comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a=0, 1, 2, or 3, b=0 or 1, a+b=1, 2, or 3 with the proviso that when b=1 then a+b=2 or 3, n is an integer of from 2 to 3 inclusive to form a hydrophobic organosilicate-modified silica hydrogel having a surface area within a range of about 100 m2\/g to 850 m2\/g as measured in the dry state.","label":"IndustConst","id":302}
{"sentence":"Ethylenic copolymer, composition containing the copolymer and use thereofAn object of the present invention is to provide a novel ethylene-α-olefin copolymer excellent in crosslinking properties; a foamed molded article having a low specific gravity and a low compression set (CS) and a composition capable of producing the foamed molded article, footwear parts composed of a foamed molded article; an ethylenic copolymer composition excellent in balance between weather resistance and mechanical strength, and an electric wire coating material and an electric wire sheath using the ethylenic copolymer composition; and a thermoplastic elastomer capable of producing a molded article excellent in balance between mechanical strength and toughness. The ethylenic copolymer (A) of the present invention is a copolymer composed of only ethylene and an α-olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and is characterized in that vinyl-group content (a) per 1000 carbon atoms as measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy, MFR10\/MFR2.16 (b), and the specific gravity (c) are within a specific range.1. An ethylenic copolymer (A) obtained by copolymerizing only ethylene and 1-butene, and satisfying the following requirements (a) to (d): (a) the number of vinyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms being 0.06 to 1, as measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy, (b) a MFR10\/MFR2.16, which represents ratio between a melt flow rate measured at 190° C. under a load of 10 kg in accordance with ASTM D1238 and a melt flow rate measured at 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D1238, being 7.7 or less, (c) a density being 0.850 to 0.910 g\/cm3, (d) the MFR2.16 being 0.1 to 25 g\/10 min, and wherein the ethylene content of the ethylenic copolymer (A) is 80 to 95% by mole in the total constitutional units.","label":"Construct","id":303}
{"sentence":"Replacement plasticizer system for phthalate-plasticized formulationsThe present invention is a replacement plasticizer system made from or containing an epoxidized fatty acid ester plasticizer as a primary plasticizer and a secondary plasticizer. The replacement placement system is useful with a variety of polymers in applications such as wire-and-cable insulations, wire-and-cable jackets, coatings, adhesives, and castings.1. A plasticizer system composition comprising: (a) a primary plasticizer consisting of an epoxidized fatty acid ester plasticizer selected from the group consisting of epoxidized biodiesel, epoxidized derivatives of fatty acid esters of biodiesel and an epoxide of a fatty acid methyl ester, and (b) a secondary plasticizer selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soy oil, epoxidized linseed oil, and epoxides of other vegetable oils, wherein the system is phthalate free.","label":"HouseConst","id":304}
{"sentence":"Silicon-containing titanium dioxide, method for preparing the same and catalytic compositions thereofA method for preparing thermally stable, silicon-containing titanium dioxide, said method comprising the reaction of titanium hydroxide or titanium dioxide with a silica sol, under conditions which prevent the coagulation of silica particles in said sol, to obtain silicon-containing titanium hydroxide or silicon-containing titanium dioxide, and in the case of silicon-containing titanium hydroxide, heat treating the same to obtain silicon-containing titanium dioxide.1 . A method for preparing thermally stable, silicon-containing titanium dioxide, said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a starting material that is titanium hydroxide or titanium dioxide; b) reacting said starting material with a silica sot, under conditions which prevent the coagulation of silica particles in said sol, to obtain silicon-containing titanium hydroxide or silicon-containing titanium dioxide, and in the case of silicon-containing titanium hydroxide, heat treating the same to obtain silicon-containing titanium dioxide.","label":"IndustConst","id":305}
{"sentence":"High-temperature solution process for polyolefin manufactureA high-temperature solution process for making polyolefins is disclosed. Olefins polymerize at greater than about 130° C. in the presence of an activator and an organometallic complex. The complex includes a bridged indenoindolyl ligand. One part of the ligand is a second indenoindolyl group or a polymerization-stable, cyclopentadienyl-like group having an extended pi-electron system. Because the catalysts activate quickly and thoroughly, even with low levels of an alumoxane, the invention provides an efficient way to make high-molecular-weight (Mw>100K) polyolefins.1. A process which comprises polymerizing one or more olefins in solution in a reaction zone in a multi-stage reactor under adiabatic conditions at a temperature greater than 130° C. and a pressure greater than 200 psig in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (a) an activator; and (b) an organometallic complex which comprises a Group 3-10 transition metal and a bridged indenoindolyl ligand of the general structure: A-G-L in which A is an indenoindolyl group, G is a bridging group, and L is another indenoindolyl group or a polymerization-stable, cyclopentadienyl-like group having an extended pi-electron system, wherein both A and L are pi-bonded to the metal; and wherein the average residence time of the olefin in the reaction zone is less than 10 minutes.","label":"HouseConst","id":306}
{"sentence":"Surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particlesSurface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of superabsorbent polymer particles with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyalkylamide, and heating the surface-treated superabsorbent polymer particles to crosslink molecular chains existing at least in the vicinity of the surfaces of the superabsorbent polymer particles is disclosed. Surface crosslinking the superabsorbent polymer particles with a hydroxyalkylamide substantially increases both the rate of liquid absorption and the quantity of liquid absorbed and retained by the superabsorbent particles.1. Superabsorbent polymer particles comprising 100 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin and about 0.001 to about 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyalkylamide, wherein the hydroxyalkylamide is present at surfaces of the water-absorbing resin and crosslinks polymer chains at the surfaces of the water-absorbing resin.","label":"Household","id":307}
{"sentence":"Composite oxide catalyst and method for preparation thereofA composite oxide catalyst for the oxidation of an olefin containing Mo and Bi as essential components, characterized in that it has a specific surface area of 5 to 25 m2\/g and a pore volume of 0.2 to 0.7 cc\/g, and has a pore diameter distribution wherein the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 0.03 to 0.1 μm accounts for 30% or more of the total pore volume, the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 μm accounts for 20% or more of the total pore volume, and the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of less than 0.03 μm is 10% or less of the total pore volume; a composite oxide catalyst for use in the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein or methacrolein or the like which comprises Mo, Bi and a halogen; either of the above two composite oxide catalysts which comprises Mo, Bi, Fe, Si and an element selected from alkali metals and thallium, and optionally Co, Ni, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ce, Sm, a halogen, B, P, As and W; a method for preparing any of the above composite catalysts; and a method for using any of the above composite oxide catalysts.1. A process for producing a composite oxide catalyst expressed by the following formula (1): MoaBibCocNidFeeXfYgZhSiiOj  (1) wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm) and halogen, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and thallium (Tl), Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron (B), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As) and tungsten (W), the letters a to j are atomic ratios of the respective elements, where if a=12, then b=0.5-7, c=0-10, d=0-10 (where c−d=1-10), e=0.05-3, f=0-2, g=0.04-2, h=0-3 and i=5-48, and j is a numeral which satisfies the oxidation state of the other elements, by a process comprising incorporating supply source compounds of the respective elements into a composite in an aqueous solution, and subjecting the composite to heat treatment, comprising a pre-step for producing a catalyst precursor by mixing, while stirring, respective aqueous salt solutions of molybdenum equivalent to partial atomic ratio (a1) of the entire atomic ratio (a) of molybdenum, iron, nickel and cobalt to obtain a first mixture, adding silica to the first mixture, stirring the first mixture, drying the first mixture and subjecting the first mixture to heat treatment, and an after-step in which said catalyst precursor is dispersed in an aqueous salt solution of molybdenum equivalent to the remaining atomic ratio (a2) after subtracting said a1 from the entire atomic ratio (a) of molybdenum, thereafter a bismuth compound is added and stirred to obtain a second mixture, and the second mixture is dried and calcined, wherein the ignition loss of said catalyst precursor is 0.5-5 wt % Ignition loss (%)=[W0-W1)\/W0]×100 W0: weight (g) of said catalyst precursor after drying for three hours at 150° to remove adhering water content W1: weight (g) of said catalyst precursor after the adhering water content has been removed and after it has further been heat-treated for two hours at 500°.","label":"Catalyst","id":308}
{"sentence":"Transition metal complexes supported on activating supportThe present invention discloses an active supported catalyst system comprising: a) one or more non-metallocene catalyst component; b) an alkylating agent; c) an activating functionalised and fluorinated support. It also discloses a method for preparing said active support and its use in the polymerisation of polar and non polar monomers.1. An active supported catalyst system comprising: one or more non-metallocene coordinating complexes represented by general formula  wherein M is Ni or Pd; wherein R2, R4, Ra, Rbare each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or SiR′3, wherein R′ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl and substituted or unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl and any adjacent R′s may be joined together to form a ring; X represents an atom or group covalently or ionically bound to the transition metal M; L is a group datively bound to M; n is an integer from 0 to 5, m is 1 to 3 and q is 1 or 2, an alkylating agent selected from organo-metallic compounds having at least one carbon-metal bond; and an activating functionalised and fluorinated support.","label":"Catalyst","id":309}
{"sentence":"Method and device for determining the swelling behavior of polymer gels under pressureDisclosed is a method for determining the swellability and the swelling kinetics of superabsorbent material ( 9 ) such as polymer gels, for example, which comprises introducing a defined volume of the dry superabsorbent material ( 9 ) into a measuring vessel ( 7 ), using a movable element ( 4 ) within said measuring vessel ( 7 ) to apply a restraining force ( 12 ) to said superabsorbent material ( 9 ) and capturing the expansion of said superabsorbent material ( 9 ) contactlessly within a chamber ( 14 ) in a continuous manner by capturing the change in height of a piston ( 4 ) which bounds said chamber ( 14 ), travels in a measuring vessel ( 7 ) and is marked with a height scale ( 6 ).1. A method for determining the swellability and the swelling kinetics of superabsorbent material which comprises introducing a defined volume of the dry superabsorbent material into a measuring vessel, using a movable element within said measuring vessel to apply a restraining force to said superabsorbent material and capturing the expansion of said superabsorbent material within a chamber in a continuous manner by optically capturing the change in height of movable elements which bound said chamber, traveling in a guide and marked with a height scale, in front of a background area for determining swelling kinetics curves, the expansion occurring after contacting the superabsorbent material with a solution.","label":"Household","id":310}
{"sentence":"Olefin oligomerization catalysts and methods of using sameA metal complex comprising a metal compound complexed to a heteroatomic ligand, the metal complex having Structure X:     wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4are each independently an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted cycloalkyl group, an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group, R1c, R2c, R3c, R4c, and R5care each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and MXp comprises a group IVB, VB, or VIB metal. A metal complex comprising a metal compound complexed to a diphosphino aminyl ligand comprising at least two diphosphino aminyl moieties and a linking group linking each aminyl nitrogen atom of the diphosphino aminyl moieties.1. A metal complex comprising a metal compound complexed to a diphosphino aminyl ligand comprising at least two diphosphino aminyl moieties and a linking group linking each aminyl nitrogen atom of the diphosphino aminyl moieties.","label":"Catalyst","id":311}
{"sentence":"Impact modifier for thermoplastic resin and resin composition containing the sameAn impact modifier comprising a rubber-modified resin having a toluene-insoluble matter content of at least 70% by weight obtained by conducting polymerization of a vinyl monomer in the presence of acrylic rubber particles, during which polymer particles are agglomerated to enhance the particle size. The impact modifier provides thermoplastic resin compositions having an excellent impact resistance by the incorporation thereof into various thermoplastic resins.1 . An impact modifier for thermoplastic resins comprising a rubber-modified resin which is obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer in the presence of acrylic rubber particles and, during the polymerization, agglomerating polymer particles to enhance the particle size and which has a toluene-insoluble matter content of at least 70% by weight.","label":"IndustConst","id":312}
{"sentence":"Water absorbent resinA process for producing water-absorbent resins having an average particle diameter of 100 to 600 μm and a particle diameter distribution of 0.35 or less by polymerizing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, pulverizing and sieving the polymer so obtained, and crosslinking the surface of the polymer powder.1. A water-absorbent resin comprising a plurality of discrete polymer particles, with each of the polymer particles having a surface and an interior, wherein the interior of each of the polymer particles is cross-linked, the surface of each of the polymer particles is further cross-linked and the amount of elution of a water-soluble component from the surface of the resin is 1.82% by weight or less based on the resin.","label":"Household","id":313}
{"sentence":"Process for producing complex oxide catalystA process is provided for producing a complex oxide catalyst which exhibits superior catalytic activity in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, particularly in production of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process is characterized by the steps of preparing an aqueous slurry by mixing a complex oxide containing molybdenum and cobalt with an acid and water; drying the aqueous slurry; and calcining the resulting dried solid. Preferably, the complex oxide is obtained as follows: a molybdenum- and cobalt-containing complex oxide catalyst which has been used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction is mixed with an aqueous extracting solution obtained by dissolving at least one of ammonia and an organic base in water, to thereby extract molybdenum and cobalt into the aqueous phase; and the aqueous phase is dried and is then calcined under an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas.1. A process for producing a complex oxide catalyst containing molybdenum and cobalt, comprising preparing an aqueous slurry by mixing a complex oxide containing molybdenum and cobalt with an acid and water; drying the aqueous slurry to obtain a dried solid; calcining the dried solid, and subjecting the calcined dried solid to a heat treatment in the presence of a reducing substance; wherein the complex oxide is obtained by mixing a molybdenum- and cobalt-containing complex oxide catalyst which has been used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction with an aqueous extracting solution obtained by dissolving at least one of ammonia and an organic base in water, thereby extracting molybdenum and cobalt into the aqueous phase; drying the aqueous phase to obtain a dried solid, and calcining the dried solid under an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas to obtain the complex oxide.","label":"Catalyst","id":314}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition and tire using the sameIn order to provide a rubber composition in which dispersibility of silica is improved and in which a viscosity of an unvulcanized rubber is lowered and a heat build-up improving effect of a vulcanized rubber is well exerted, and a tire prepared by using the rubber composition, the rubber composition is endowed with a constitution in which 100 parts by mass of at least one rubber component selected from natural rubber and\/or diene base synthetic rubbers are compounded with 55 to 200 parts by mass of silica and 0.5 to 15 parts by mass of at least one of alkanolamines represented by the following Formula (I):    [in Formula (I), R1 represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and the above alkyl group and alkenyl group may be any of a linear group, a branched group and a cyclic group; m and n represent an average addition molar number, and m and n are numerical values which represent m+n=1 to 20].1. A rubber composition prepared by compounding 100 parts by mass of at least one rubber component selected from natural rubber and\/or diene base synthetic rubbers with 55 to 200 parts by mass of silica and 0.5 to 15 parts by mass of at least one of alkanolamines represented by the following Formula (I): [in Formula (I), R1 represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be any of a linear group, a branched group or a cyclic group; m and n represent an average addition molar number, and m and n are numerical values which represent m+n=1 to 20].","label":"Automobile","id":315}
{"sentence":"Fibrous absorbent material and methods of making the sameDisclosed is a fibrous absorbent structure that is wet stable and has large void volume with a density below the critical density of the fiber employed. In one embodiment, the fibrous absorbent uses open-celled foam technologies to keep the fibrous structure expanded and bonded. In other embodiments, the resulting fibrous structure resembles an open-celled polymeric foam, with fibers serving as struts stabilized by binder material. In another embodiment, the resulting fibrous structure is filled with hydrophilic open-celled foams with the cell size substantially smaller than the fibrous pores. Such a wet-stable, high void volume fibrous absorbent can be used in a disposable product intended for the absorption of fluid such as body fluid, including extensible absorbent articles.1. A method of producing an open low-density absorbent fibrous structure comprising: a) combining hydrophilic fibers with a structuring composition to form a mixture, said structuring composition comprising a substantially latex-free binder material and a removable phase; b) producing a foam within said mixture; and c) binding said fibers together with substantially water-insoluble bonds into a continuous, porous network, wherein said binder material stabilizes the porous network.","label":"Household","id":316}
{"sentence":"METHODS OF MAKING SILOXY-IMINE FUNCTIONALIZED RUBBERY POLYMERS AND USES THEREOF IN RUBBER COMPOSITIONS FOR TIRESThe invention includes a siloxy-imine functionalized rubbery polymer, which exhibits good reinforcing characteristics and filler dispersing effect, a method for making, and a rubber composition including the same. In one embodiment, a process for manufacturing the functionalized rubbery polymer includes polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer using an organolithium compound as an initiator in a hydrocarbon solvent. Next, an active terminal end of the polymer is reacted with a functionalized terminating agent, represented by the general formula:    RCH═N(CH2)XSi(OR1)YR23-Y,   Formula (1)   wherein R represents a group consisting of an aryl or substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle or heteroaryl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms; R1and R2each independently represents a group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms selected from an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an allyl, and or aryl; X is an integer from 1 to 20; and Y is an integer from 1 to 3.1 . A process for manufacturing a siloxy-imine functionalized rubbery polymer comprising: polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer to form a polymer by using an organolithium compound as an initiator in a hydrocarbon solvent; and reacting an active terminal end of the polymer with a functionalized terminating agent represented by the general formula: RCH═N(CH2)XSi(OR1)YR23-Y, wherein R represents a group consisting of an aryl or substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle or heteroaryl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms; R1and R2each independently represents a group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an allyl, and an aryl; X is an integer from 1 to 20; and Y is an integer from 1 to 3.","label":"Automobile","id":317}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of diene polymersThe present invention relates to a process for preparing a diene polymer having a trans content of from about 10 to about 30% by the polymerization of a diene monomer in the presence of a two-component catalyst system comprising a rare-earth metal catalyst and a Lewis acid co-catalyst.1 . A process for preparing a diene polymer having a trans content of between about 10 and about 30% comprising the step of polymerizing a diene monomer in the presence of a two-component catalyst system comprising: (a) a non-halogenated rare-earth metal catalyst of formula: ML 3 wherein M is a rare-earth metal are selected from Group IIIB of the Periodic Table, and each L, is the same or different, and is an anionic counter-ion or a ligand derived from an organic compound which is soluble in hydrocarbon solvent; and (b) a non-halogenated co-catalyst which is a Lewis acid, wherein the co-catalyst is not a trialkyl aluminum.","label":"Automobile","id":318}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbing agent and production process therefor, and sanitary materialThere is provided: a production process for a water-absorbing agent having stable properties in a short time; and a water-absorbing agent. The production process comprises the step of blending an acid-group-containing water-absorbent resin powder with a noncrosslinkable water-soluble inorganic base and\/or an irreducible alkaline-metal-salt pH buffer and further with a dehydratable crosslinking agent reactable with the acid group, thereby subjecting the resin powder to crosslinking treatment, or comprises the step of blending an acid-group-containing water-absorbent resin powder with the above base and\/or pH buffer and further with a crosslinking agent reactable with the acid group, thereby subjecting the resin powder to crosslinking treatment, wherein the resin powder has a weight-average particle diameter of 300 to 600 μm wherein the ratio of fine powders having particle diameters of not larger than 150 μm in the resin powder is not more than 10 weight %.1. A water-absorbing agent, which is a particulate water-absorbing agent of which the major proportion is comprised of a water-absorbent resin that is obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing an unsaturated monomer component and has a crosslinked structure, where the particulate water-absorbing agent includes particles having particle diameters of smaller than 850 μm but not smaller than 150 μm in an amount of not less than 90 weight % of all particles of the particulate water-absorbing agent; and where the particles include at least two members selected from the group consisting of: particles (A1) having particle diameters of smaller than 850 μm but not smaller than 600 μm; particles (A2) having particle diameters of smaller than 600 μm but not smaller than 500 μm; particles (A3) having particle diameters of smaller than 500 μm but not smaller than 300 μm; and particles (A4) having particle diameters of smaller than 300 μm but not smaller than 150 μm; and where the water-absorbing agent further has the following properties: a 30-minute absorption capacity of not less than 31 g\/g without load for a 0.90 weight % physiological saline (CRC); a 60-minute absorption capacity of not less than 24 g\/g under a load of 4.83 kPa for a 0.90 weight % physiological saline (AAP); a saline flow conductivity of not less than 20 (unit: 10−7×cm3×s×g−1) for a 0.69 weight % physiological saline (SFC); and an SFC variation index of 0 to 25% wherein the SFC variation index is defined by the following equation (1): SFC variation index (%)=[(standard deviation of SFCs of particles A1 to A4)\/(SFC of entire particulate water-absorbing agent)]×100  (1).","label":"Household","id":319}
{"sentence":"Method for continuous polymerization of modified diene elastomer with lithium amide initiatorA process for the continuous synthesis of a modified diene elastomer comprising at least one silicon atom directly connected to the elastomer chain is provided. The process comprises polymerization by n reactors r 1 to rn, considered to be continuous stirred-tank reactors equipped with an internal stirring system and arranged in series, n varying from 2 to 15. The reactor r 1 is fed by an input solution comprising a solvent, one or more monomer(s), an anionic polymerization initiator chosen from lithium amides and a polar agent. The temperature of each reactor varies from 20° C. to 150° C. and is greater than or equal to the temperature of the reactor which immediately precedes it. The living diene elastomer obtained exhibits a polydispersity index varying from 1.1 to 1.7. The process further comprises modification of the living diene elastomer obtained in the preceding stage by a functionalization, coupling or star-branching agent.1. A process for the continuous synthesis of a modified diene elastomer comprising at least one silicon atom directly connected to the elastomer chain, comprising: a) a stage of polymerization by means of n reactors r 1 to rn, considered to be continuous stirred-tank reactors, which are equipped with an internal stirring system, and which are arranged in series, n varying from 2 to 15, the reactor r 1 being fed by an input solution comprising a solvent, one or more monomer(s), an anionic polymerization initiator chosen from lithium amides and a polar agent, one or more of the reactors r 2 to rn additionally being optionally fed by reinjection of a purified solution comprising solvent and\/or monomer(s) and\/or polar agent, the temperature of each reactor varying from 20° C. to 150° C. and being greater than or equal to the temperature of the reactor which immediately precedes it, the temperature of the reactor rn being greater than the temperature of the reactor r 1 , the amount by weight W1 of monomer(s) introduced into the reactor r 1 being such that: the amount by weight Wi of monomer(s) reinjected into the reactor ri, when Wi≠0, i varying from 2 to n, being such that: and such that Wi represents from 5% to 100% by weight of the weight of the solution reinjected into the reactor ri, when Wi≠0, where Wj is the amount by weight of monomer(s) introduced into the reactor rj, j varying from 1 to n, the amount by weight of all of the monomers entering the reactors r 1 to rn representing from 5% to 25% by weight of the sum of the total inputs by weight of the reactors r 1 to rn, the intrinsic conversion by weight Cintrinsic,1 in the first reactor being less than 70%, where Cintrinsic,1=P1\/W1 where P1 is the weight of polymer formed in the reactor r 1 , the total conversion by weight Ctot at the outlet of the reactor rn being greater than or equal to 70%, where: where Pi is the weight of polymer formed in the reactor ri, the overall conversion by weight Coverall i in each reactor ri, with i varying from 1 to n, being such that: where: where Pi is the weight of polymer formed in the reactor ri, i varying from 1 to n, the living diene elastomer obtained exhibiting a polydispersity index varying from 1.1 to 1.7, b) a stage of modification of the living diene elastomer obtained in the preceding stage (a) by means of a functionalization, coupling or star-branching agent, which makes it possible to introduce, into the elastomer, a functional group comprising at least one silicon atom directly connected to the elastomer chain.","label":"Automobile","id":320}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer composite comprising a superabsorbent polymer and cellulosic nanofibrilsA superabsorbent polymer composite including superabsorbent polymers and cellulosic nanofibrils having a diameter equal to or less than 100 nm. The composite may be in the form of particles or a foam. Methods for producing the composite and absorbent articles including the superabsorbent polymer composite are also provided.1. A superabsorbent polymer composite comprising cellulosic nanofibrils having a diameter equal to or less than 100 nm incorporated within a three-dimensional network of polymer chains of a superabsorbent polymer.","label":"Household","id":321}
{"sentence":"High performance polyurethanes cured with alkylated 4,4'-methylenedianilineA polyurethane-urea is prepared by reacting a mixture of a p-phenylene diisocyanate terminated urethane prepolymer, at least one plasticizer, and alkylated 4,4′-methylenedianiline chain extender.1 . A polyurethane-urea prepared by reacting a mixture of a p-phenylene diisocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer, at least one plasticizer, and alkylated 4,4′-methylenedianiline chain extender.","label":"HouseConst","id":322}
{"sentence":"Production method for water-absorbing resin compositionThe present invention provides a method for being capable of sufficiently exerting property improvement effect by the addition of additive particles other than water-absorbing resin to water-absorbing resin particles. The problems can be solved by using additive particles having over cohesive particles in an amount equal to or less than a predetermined amount, or by using the additive particles by crushing or classifying in advance, before mixing with water-absorbing resin particles. Alternatively, the problem can be solved by subjecting a mixture of the water-absorbing resin particles and the additive particles to pneumatic transportation processing, in particular, in a heated state, after mixing or at the same time as mixing. Further, the present invention provides a water-absorbing resin composition, which is capable of stably exerting high-level property. The problems can be solved by a water-absorbing resin composition, where the addition amount of additive particles and amount of free additive particles satisfies a predetermined relation.1. A method for producing a water-absorbing resin composition, comprising a mixing step for mixing water-absorbing resin particles and additive particles, wherein a mixture of the water-absorbing resin particles and the additive particles is subjected to pneumatic transportation processing in plug flow, after mixing or at the same time as mixing of the water-absorbing resin particles and the additive particles, wherein the water-absorbing resin particles comprise partially neutralized cross-linked poly(meth)acrylic acid, wherein the pneumatic transportation processing is conducted under a pressure of 0.21 to 0.8 MPa, wherein an amount of over cohesive particles, having a particle diameter of equal to or larger than 1.0 mm, in the additive particles, is equal to or smaller than 15% by weight, wherein the mixture of the water-absorbing resin particles and the additive particles contains 100 parts by weight of water-absorbing resin particles and 0.01 to 1 part by weight of additive particles, wherein percent by weight of the additive particles, (X[%]), based on 100% by weight of the water-absorbinq resin particles in the composition, and weight ratio of free additive particles, (Y), relative to the percent by weight, (X[%]), satisfy the following formula: 0.04(x)0.1≦y≦0.2(x)0.5.","label":"Household","id":323}
{"sentence":"Complex oxide catalyst and process for preparation of acrylic acidA catalyst which is a complex oxide catalyst represented by the following general formula (1):  Mo a V b W c Cu d A e B f C g D h E i O x &emsp;&emsp;(1)  (in which Mo is molybdenum; V is vanadium, W is tungsten, Cu is copper, A is at least an element selected from antimony, niobium and tin; B is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; C is at least an element selected from silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium; D is at least an element selected from phosphorus, tellurium, cerium, lead, arsenic and zinc; E is at least an element selected from Group IA and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, boron, iron, bismuth, cobalt, nickel and manganese; and O is oxygen; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and x denote the atomic ratios of Mo, V, W, Cu, A, B, C, D, E and O, respectively; and where a=12, 2&#8804;b&#8804;15, 0&#8804;c&#8804;10, 0<d&#8804;6, 0&#8804;e&#8804;6, 0<f&#8804;10, 0<g&#8804;10, 0&#8804;h&#8804;5, 0&#8804;i&#8804;5, and x is a numerical value determined by the extents of oxidation of the other elements)  which is characterized by being formed of a complex oxide which is prepared by using, as at least a part of the supply sources of components B and C, a compound containing both of the components B and C is provided. The catalyst is useful for vapor phase catalytic oxidation, in particular, is suitable as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein.1. A process for preparing acrylic acid through oxidation of acrolein at vapor phase with molecular oxygen or a molecule oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, using a complex oxide catalyst having the general formula (1) Mo a V b W c Cu d A e B f C g D h E i O x &emsp;&emsp;(1) wherein Mo is molybdenum; V is vanadium; W is tungsten; Cu is copper; A is at least an element selected from antimony, niobium and tin; B is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; C is at least an element selected from silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium; D is at least an element selected from phosphorus, tellurium, cerium, lead, arsenic and zinc; E is at least an element selected from Group IA and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, boron, iron, bismuth, cobalt, nickel and manganese; O is oxygen; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and x denote the atomic ratios of Mo, V, W, Cu, A, B, C, D, E and O, respectively where a&minus;12, 2&#8804;b&#8804;15, 0&#8804;c&#8804;10, 0&#8804;d&#8804;6, 0&#8804;e&#8804;6, 0<f&#8804;10, 0<g&#8804;10, 0&#8804;h&#8804;5, 0&#8804;I&#8804;5, and x is a numerical value determined by the extent of oxidation of the other elements; and wherein said complex oxide is prepared by using, as at least a part of the supply sources of components B and C, a B\/C compound containing both of the components B and C.","label":"Catalyst","id":324}
{"sentence":"Mono-Cp heteroatom containing group IVB transition metal complexes with MAO: supported catalyst for olefin polymerizationThe invention is a supported catalyst system including an inert support material, a Group IV B transition metal component and an alumoxane component which may be employed to polymerize olefins to produce a high molecular weight polymer.1. A catalyst system comprising: (A) an inert support; (B) a transition metal compound of the formula: wherein M is Zr, Hf, or Ti in its highest formal oxidation state: (C5H5-y-xRx) is a cyclopentadienyl ring which is substituted with from zero to five substituent groups R, &quot;x&quot; is 0, 2, 3, 4 or 5 denoting the degree of substitution, and each substituent group R is, independently, a radical selected from a group consisting of C1-C20hydrocarbyl radicals; substituted C1-C20hydrocarbyl radicals wherein one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a halogen radical, an amido radical, a phosphido radical, an alkoxy radical, an alkylborido radical, or a radical containing a Lewis acidic or basic functionality; C1-C20hydrocarbyl-substituted metalloid radicals wherein the metalloid is selected from the Group IV A of the Periodic Table of Elements; and halogen radicals, amido radicals, phosphido radicals, alkoxy radicals, alkylborido radicals, or a radical containing Lewis acidic or basic functionality; or (C5H5-Y-xRx) is a cyclopentadienyl ring in which two adjacent R-groups are joined forming C4-C2ring to give a saturated or unsaturated polycyclic cyclopentadienyl ligand; (JR'sz-1-y) is a heteroatom ligand in which J is an element with a coordination number of three from Group V A or an element with a coordination number of two from Group VI A of the Periodic Table of Elements, each R's is, independently a radical selected from a group consisting of C1-C20hydrocarbyl radicals; substituted C1-C20hydrocarbyl radicals wherein one or more hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen radical, an amido radical, a phosphido radical, an alkoxy radical, an alkylborido radical, or a radical containing a Lewis acidic or basic functionality; and &quot;z&quot; is the coordination number of the element J; each Q is, independently, a univalent anionic ligand provided that where Q is a hydrocarbyl ligand such Q is different from (C5H5-y-xRx) or both Q together are an alkylidene, a cyclometallated hydrocarbyl or a divalent anionic chelating ligand; &quot;y&quot; is 0 or 1 when &quot;w&quot; is greater than 0; &quot;y&quot; is 1 when &quot;w&quot; is 0; when &quot;y&quot; is 1, T is a covalent bridging group containing a Group IV A or V A element; L is a neutral Lewis base where &quot;w&quot; denotes a number from 0 to 3; and (C) an alumoxane.","label":"Catalyst","id":325}
{"sentence":"Method for the production of butadiene from n-butaneThe invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane comprising the steps     (A) providing an n-butane-containing feed gas stream,  (B) feeding the n-butane-containing feed gas stream into a first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to 1-butene, 2-butene and optionally butadiene to obtain a first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components,  (C) feeding the first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, into a second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene to butadiene to give a second product gas stream comprising butadiene, n-butane and steam, with or without secondary components,  (D) recovering butadiene from the second product gas stream.1. A process for preparing butadiene from n-butane comprising the steps of (A) providing an n-butane-containing feed gas stream, (B) feeding the n-butane-containing feed gas stream into a first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to 1-butene, 2-butene and optionally butadiene to obtain a first product gas steam comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, said nonoxidative catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butane being carried out as an autothermal catalytic dehydrogenation, (C) feeding the first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, into a second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene to butadiene to give a second product gas stream comprising butadiene, n-butane and steam, with or without secondary components, (D) recovering butadiene from the second product gas stream.","label":"Process","id":326}
{"sentence":"Filter mediumA filter medium for cleaning fluids includes a filter layer ( 9 ) formed from a filter material in a pleated web with a longitudinal direction (X) and a transverse direction (Y). A plastic grid ( 10 ) forms a support layer, bears against the filter layer ( 9 ) and has linear elements ( 12, 14 ) delimiting through openings ( 16 ) between them. Two groups of linear elements ( 12, 14 ) extend approximately at right angles to one another and delimit rectangular through openings ( 16 ). The linear elements ( 14 ) having a smaller diameter (d 2 ) are in direct contact with the filter layer ( 9 ). The linear elements ( 12 ) having a larger diameter (d 1 ) and having a greater spacing from one another relative to the filter layer ( 9 ) rest on the smaller diameter linear elements ( 14 ).1. A filter medium for cleaning fluids, comprising: a filter medium layer formed into a pleated web having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; and a plastic grid bearing directly against and supporting said filter medium layer, said plastic grid having thinner and thicker linear elements connected together and delimiting through-openings therebetween, said thinner linear elements having transverse diameters smaller than transverse diameters of said thicker linear elements and being in direct contact with said filter medium layer, said thicker linear elements being spaced from one another by distances greater than spacings of said thinner linear elements from one another, being spaced from said filter medium layer by said thinner linear elements at and between intersections of said thinner and thicker linear elements and overlapping said thinner linear elements, each of said through-openings having first and second side lengths in a range of 900 μm to 3000 μm.","label":"Construct","id":327}
{"sentence":"Method for reconstituting superabsorbent polymer finesA method for reconstituting superabsorbent polymer fines comprising the following steps: wetting the superabsorbent polymer fines sufficient to form a continuous amorphous gel of the fines; grinding the gel; and drying the gel which has been around to form a superabsorbent polymer material. Drying can optionally be followed by grinding and classification of the reconstituted superabsorbent polymer fines to desired sizes.1. A method for reprocessing superabsorbent polymer fines, said superabsorbent polymer fines being selected from the group consisting of starch graft superabsorbent polymers, synthetic superabsorbent polymers, and crosslinked superabsorbent polymers, comprising the following steps: wetting said superabsorbent copolymer fines with water to a swollen state sufficiently to form a continuous amorphous gel of said fines; grinding said gel; and drying the ground gel particles to form a superabsorbent polymer material having a moisture content between about 1 to 15%.","label":"Household","id":328}
{"sentence":"Absorbent article with water-absorbing agent or agentsAn absorbent article comprising an absorbent core, which comprises a primary water-absorbing agent that can serve as a acquisition and preferably temporarily storage material for fluids, such as urine, and that has a CRC of up to 20 g\/g and that comprises a compound that includes a constitutional unit derived from polyalkyleneglycol and that is other than an unsaturated monomer and that comprises a polyvalent metal salt. The absorbent article is preferably an infant (toddler, baby) diaper, including training pant, or adult incontinent article (e.g. a pad, diaper).1. An absorbent article comprising an absorbent core, the absorbent core comprising a primary water-absorbing agent; wherein the primary water-absorbing agent comprises (i) water-absorbing resin particles obtained by polymerizing an acid group-containing unsaturated monomer; (ii) a compound that includes a constitutional unit derived from polyalkyleneglycol, that is different from the unsaturated monomer; and (iii) a polyvalent metal salt; wherein the primary water-absorbing agent exhibits a Centrifuge Retention Capacity of from about 5 to about 20 g\/g; and wherein the compound is present without forming a chemical bond with the water-absorbing particles and\/or the compound is separable from the water-absorbing particles.","label":"Household","id":329}
{"sentence":"Particulate superabsorbent polymer composition having improved stabilityThe present invention relates to a particulate superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a polymer comprising a neutralized aluminum salt solution applied to the surface of a particulate superabsorbent polymer; wherein an aqueous solution of the neutralized aluminum salt has a pH value from about 5.5 to about 8 and the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition has a mean particle size distribution of from 300 to 400 μm, an original Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability (FSGBP) of about 20×10−8cm2to about 200×10−8cm2; and subsequent to subjecting the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition to the Processing Test, the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition has a permeability stability index of from about 0.60 to about 0.99 and having particles having a particle diameter of larger than 600 μm in an amount of less than about 15 wt % of the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition and as specified by standard sieve classification.1. A particulate superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a particulate superabsorbent polymer and from 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition weight of a neutralized aluminum salt applied to the surface of the particulate superabsorbent polymer, in the form of an aqueous neutralized aluminum salt solution having a pH value from about 5.5 to about 8; wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity (CRC) of from about 25 grams to about 40 grams of 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride aqueous per gram of the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition, wherein the CRC is measured either before or after subjecting the superabsorbent polymer composition to a Processing Test, and an original Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability (FSGBP) of from about 20×10−8cm2to about 200×10−8cm2prior to subjecting the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition to the Processing Test; and a compressibility of from about 1.30 mm2\/N to 4 mm2\/N, and has a permeability stability index of from 0.60 to about 0.99 when subjecting the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition to a Processing Test, and having particles having a particle diameter of larger than 600 μm in an amount of from about 12 wt % to about 25 wt % of the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition and as specified by standard sieve classification.","label":"Household","id":330}
{"sentence":"Impregnator\/rinserAn apparatus and method for providing an impregnation\/rinsing of a web with fluid is disclosed wherein the web is repeatedly gently squeezed and allowed to open. A perforated conveyor belt carries the web within a longitudinal tank in which a series of squeeze rollers and a series of singular or cooperating rollers are arranged with the cooperating rollers being disposed intermediate the squeeze rollers. The web is carried by the conveyor belt beneath the first squeeze roller where the web is gently squeezed in a nip defined between the conveyor belt and the roller. The conveyor belt then carries the web above a cooperating roller. After the web has been gently squeezed, it is allowed to absorb the fluid in the tank without restraint until the web is gently squeezed again between the conveyor belt and the next squeeze roller. The steps of squeezing and absorbing are repeated throughout the longitudinal tank. Fluid is supplied to the longitudinal tank by one or more orifices which receive fluid from either a collection tank provided beneath the conveyor belt and longitudinal tank and\/or from a supply of fresh fluid. The fluid in the tank typically travels in a path which is opposed to the general direction of travel of the web within the tank, especially when the apparatus is used as a rinser.1. An apparatus for impregnating a moving non-woven fiber batt with fluid by intermittently squeezing the batt, comprising: a longitudinal tank provided with fluid and having first and second ends; an endless conveyor belt arranged for travel within the fluid of the tank between the first and second ends of the tank in a generally longitudinal direction, the belt carrying the fiber batt through the tank with the batt always located on an upper surface of the belt; a series of squeeze rollers arranged within the longitudinal tank, the endless conveyor belt carrying the batt between the belt and each squeeze roller to define a nip between each of the squeeze rollers and the endless conveyor belt to thereby expel fluid from the batt; a series of singular rollers arranged within the longitudinal tank, with an uppermost portion of each singular roller being vertically above and between lowermost portions of adjacent squeeze rollers with the endless belt traveling on each singular roller with the belt between the batt and the singular roller to thereby allow the batt to expand and absorb fluid between adjacent squeeze rollers; whereby the batt is alternately squeezed to expel fluid and then allowed to expand to absorb fluid while being carried through the tank of fluid.","label":"IndustConst","id":331}
{"sentence":"LDPE for use as a blend component in shrinkage film applicationsAn ethylene-based polymer characterized as having a density from about 0.9 to about 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) from about 4 to about 10, a melt index (I2) from about 0.05 to about 2 grams per 10 minutes, a gpcBR value greater than 0.05 as determined by a gpcBR Branching Index and a Y value greater than 0.4 is disclosed. This ethylene-based polymer is especially useful for blending with other polymers such as LLDPE. When converting the blends into film, especially shrink film, the film shows good optics, good shrink tension, high stiffness, high tensile modulus, and tensile strength. When this resin is blended at with a LLDPE on a blown film line, improvements are seen in haze, gloss, clarity, and MD and CD tear as compared to a comparative LDPE.1. An ethylene-based polymer characterized as having a density from about 0.9 to about 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) from about 4 to about 10, a melt index (I2) from about 0.05 to less than 0.8 grams per 10 minutes, a gpcBR value greater than 0.05, as determined by a gpcBR Branching Index, and a GPC-LS characterization Y value greater than about 0.4, wherein the GPC-LS characterization Y value is determined according to the following formula; Y=Abs(A\/B\/(Abs(x)+0.05)) wherein A is the area between (a) a straight line between a first intercept point and a second intercept point at the two logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight values, located on the concentration-normalized LS chromatogram curve, and (b) the concentration-normalized LS chromatogram curve between the two logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight values, and wherein B is the area under the concentration-normalized LS chromatogram curve between the two logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight values; and wherein x is determined according to the following formula: wherein LSresponse(Point2,CN) is the concentration-normalized (CN) LS response value for Intercept 2, corresponding to logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight value of 6.0607, LSresponse(Point1,CN) is the concentration-normalized (CN) LS response value for Intercept 1, corresponding to the logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight value of 5.3010, and log MW(Point2,ccGPC) is the logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight for Intercept 2, corresponding to the logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight value 6.0607, log MW(Point1,ccGPC) is the logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight for Intercept 1 corresponding to the logarithmic cc-GPC molecular weight value of 5.3010; and wherein Abs( ) is the mathematical absolute value function, and wherein the ethylene-based polymer is a homopolymer.","label":"HouseConst","id":332}
{"sentence":"Compositions of hydrocarbon-substituted diphenyl amines and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols; and the use thereof as water-tree retardants for polymersThe disclosure of this application is directed to a composition which serves to improve the water-treeing resistance of polymeric compositions comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted diphenyl amine and a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol. Polymeric compositions containing the water-tree retardant additives are useful as extrudates about electrical conductors.1. A composition, which serves to improve resistance to water-treeing in polymeric compositions, comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted diphenyl amine and a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.","label":"HouseConst","id":333}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing water-absorbent resinA process for preparing a water-absorbent resin is provided which enables the water-absorbent resin to ensure the reduction in the release amount of liquid and the increase in the liquid diffusibility. In the preparation process, the water-absorbent resin is prepared by polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer. The polymerization of the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer is allowed to take place in the presence of a water-absorbent resin having a water-absorbing rate different from that of a water-absorbent resin resulting from polymerization of the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer. In a preferred mode, the polymerization is performed by a reversed-phase suspension polymerization method.1. A process for preparing a water-absorbent resin by polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer, comprising; adding an aqueous solution of the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer to a hydrocarbon solvent and dispersing the aqueous solution therein; adding a water-absorbent resin having a water-absorbing rate different from that of a water-absorbent resin resulting from polymerization of the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer to the hydrocarbon solvent; and polymerizing the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer in the presence of the water-absorbent resin added to the hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrylic-acid, methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and alkali salts thereof; acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N -dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, and N-methylol methacrylamide; and diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylanride, diethyl aminopropyl methacrylamide, and quaternary compounds thereof, the water absorbent resin to be present during the polymerization is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a graft copolymer of starch and acrylonitrile, a neutralized graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, a saponified copolymer of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid ester, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and a polymer of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer, and a water-absorbing time of the water-absorbent resin to be present during polymerization is less than 10 seconds or longer than 20 seconds.","label":"Household","id":334}
{"sentence":"Pentablock copolymer and manufacturing method of the sameThe present invention relates to a ternary copolymer represented by the following formula (1) of the penta-block structure, wherein the molecular weight is 50, 000 to 400,000, pB is more than 70% of 1,4 structure, the content of pS is in range of 5% to 50%, and pB and pI are in a weight ratio of pB\/pI≧1.  pS-pI-pB-pI-pS  (1)   Wherein, pS is vinyl aromatic polymer, pB is polybutadiene and pI is polyisoprene.  The block copolymer in the present invention with the structure, in which polyisoprene block is inserted between vinyl aromatic polymer block and polybutadiene block, has high mechanical properties such as tensile strength. The manufacturing method of the ternary block copolymer with penta-block structure is also provided.1. A pentablock copolymer represented by the formula (1), wherein the molecular weight is 50,000 to 400,000, pB has more than 70% of 1,4 structure, the content of pS is 5% to 50% by weight and pB and pI are in a weight ratio of pB\/pI≧I pS-pI-pB-pI-pS  (1) Wherein, pS is vinyl aromatic polymer, pB is polybutadiene and pI is polyisoprene.","label":"IndustConst","id":335}
{"sentence":"Polymeric membrane compositionsBlends of very low density polyethylene produced using metallocene catalysts (mVLDPE) and polypropylene are disclosed. The polymer blends include a metallocene-catalyzed VLDPE polymer having a density of less than 0.916 g\/cm3, the mVLDPE polymer preferably being linear and without long chain branching, a polypropylene homopolymer, random copolymer, or impact copolymer, and optionally flame retardant additives. The polymer blends are particularly suitable in membrane applications where increased tear resistance and tensile strength are desirable, such as in roof membranes, geomembranes, and pond liners.1. A membrane formed from a polymer blend composition comprising: (a) a metallocene-catalyzed VLDPE copolymer of ethylene and one or more C3-C20 alpha olefin comonomers, the copolymer having a density of from 0.906 g\/cm3to 0.915 g\/cm3, and (b) a polypropylene polymer component, wherein components (a) and (b) are present in the blend composition in a weight ratio of from 9:1 to 1:9.","label":"Construct","id":336}
{"sentence":"Iron-antimony-molybdenum-containing oxide catalyst composition and process for preparing the sameAn iron-antimony-molybdenum-containing oxide catalyst composition for oxidation reactions, comprising a crystalline iron antimonate having a crystallite size of 100 .ANG. or more, said catalyst being represented by the following empirical formula: [Equation] FeaSbbMocLdKeMmNnQqRrTtOx wherein L represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Bi and Te; M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mg, Zn, La, Ce, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Sn; N represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, Pr, Nd, Th, U, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Ge and Pb; Q represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of V and W; R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, Rb, Cs, and Tl; T represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, P, As and Se; a, b, c, d, e, m, n, q, r, t and x each is an atomic ratio, wherein when a is 10, b is 5 to 60, c is 5 to 30, d is 0.01 to 10, e is 0.01 to 5, m is 0 to 30, n is 0 to 10, q is 0 to 5, r is 0 to 3, t is 0 to 5, and x is a number of oxygen atoms as determined corresponding to the oxides formed by combining the above mentioned components.1. An iron-antimony-molybdenum-containing oxide catalyst composition for oxidation reactions, comprising a crystalline iron antimonate having a crystallite size of 100 .ANG. or more, said catalyst being represented by the following empirical formula: [Equation] FeaSbbMocLdKeMmNnQqRrTtOx wherein L represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Bi and Te; M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mg, Zn, La, Ce, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Sn; N represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, Pr, Nd, Th, U, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Ge and Pb; Q represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of V and W; R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, Rb, Cs and Tl; T represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, P, As and Se; a, b, c, d, e, m, n, q, r, t and x each is an atomic ratio, wherein when a is 10, b is 5 to 60, c is 5 to 30, d is 0.01 to 10, e is 0.01 to 5, m is 0 to 30, n is 0 to 10, q is 0 to 5, r is 0 to 3, t is 0 to 5, and x is a number of oxygen atoms as determined corresponding to the oxides formed by combining the above mentioned components.","label":"Catalyst","id":337}
{"sentence":"Wells-Dawson type heteropolyacids, their preparation and use as oxidation catalystsAlkanes are converted to unsaturated carboxylic acids by contacting an alkane with an oxidizing agent and a Wells-Dawson type heteropolyacid supported on wide pore polyoxometallate salts.1. A composition of matter comprising at least one heteropolyacid having the formula H(e's-bz's) Gb(X2Mm'sM'sx'sM&quot;n'sOy's)-e'son a support comprising at least one polyoxometallate having the formula CaH(e-az) (XkMmM'sxM&quot;nOy)-e,where (a) in the formula of said heteropolyacid, cation G is Cu++,Fe+++,Co, Mn, Ni, La, Li, Na, K or Rb, or an oxy ion of Ti, V, Cr, Mo, U, As, Bi, Sb, Nb or ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, pyridinium, quinolinium, protonated aromatic amines or protonated aliphatic amines, or combinations thereof, or is absent; X is a Group IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB or transition metal; M is molybdenum or tungsten or combinations thereof; M's is vanadium; M&quot; is independently zinc or a transition metal different from M and M's, or combination thereof; z's is the charge on said cation G; e's is the charge of anion (X2Mm'sM'sx'sM&quot;n'sOy's); b is the number of cations G; m's is 12 to 18, x's is 0 to 6, n's is 0 to 3 where m's+x's+n's=18, and y's is 48 to 62; and (b) in the formula of said support, cation C is selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, vanadium, chromium, lanthanum, manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, copper, actinide metal, lanthanide metal, metal oxy anion, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, pyridinium, quinolinium, protonated aromatic amines and protonated aliphatic amines, or combinations thereof; X is a Group IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB or transition metal; M is molybdenum or tungsten or combinations thereof; M's is vanadium; M&quot; is independently zinc or a transition metal different from M and M's, or combination thereof; z is the charge on said cation C; a is the number of cations C; e is the charge of anion (XkMmM'sxM&quot;nOy); k is 1 to 5, m is 5 to 18, x is 0 to 6, n is 0 to 3 and y is 18 to 62; and (c) said support is a porous material, which material has pore volumes in the range from 0.01 to 0.25 ml\/g and a pore size distribution in which more than approximately 60% of said pores have a pore radius of greater than or equal to approximately 75 .ANG..","label":"Catalyst","id":338}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of multimodal polyethylene resinsA two-stage cascade polymerization process for the production of multimodal polyethylene film resins with improved bubble stability is provided. The process comprises polymerizing ethylene or a mixture of ethylene and a C4-8 α-olefin in two reactors arranged in series using a mixed single-site catalyst comprised of a bridged and a non-bridged indenoindolyl transition metal complex to form a multimodal polyethylene resin comprised of a lower molecular weight, higher density component and a higher molecular weight, lower density component.1. A process for making multimodal polyethylene resin comprising: (a) polymerizing ethylene or mixture of ethylene and C3-8 α-olefin in a first reactor in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst system comprised of a supported mixed indenoindolyl single site catalyst comprised of (5,10-dihydro-5,8-dimethylindeno[1,2-b]indole-10-yl)(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride and rac-ansa (methylene)bis(2,5-dimethyl-indeno[2,1-b]indolyl)zirconium dichloride, and an activator, to produce a polymerizate containing a first polyethylene resin having a density of 0.942 g\/cm3or greater and MI2 from 0.1 to 10 g\/10 min; (b) removing substantially all hydrogen from the polymerizate and transferring to a second reactor; and (c) polymerizing ethylene and a C3-8 α-olefin in the second reactor to produce a second polyethylene resin of relatively higher molecular weight and lower density than said first polyethylene resin and obtain a multimodal polyethylene resin product comprised of 30 to 55 weight percent first polyethylene resin and 45 to 70 weight percent second polyethylene resin and having a density from 0.940 to 0.960 g\/cm3and HLMI from 2 to 50 g\/10 min.","label":"Catalyst","id":339}
{"sentence":"Process for producing olefinsA process is described for producing olefins from a vapor product stream from an oxygenate to olefin conversion reaction, the vapor product stream comprising C2 to C4 olefins, C5+ hydrocarbons, at least one oxygenate and water. In the process, the vapor product stream is cooled to remove water therefrom and produce a first vapor effluent stream. The first vapor effluent stream is then cooled and compressed to produce a condensed liquid effluent stream comprising C5+ hydrocarbons and at least one oxygenate, and a residual vapor effluent stream comprising C2 to C4 olefins. At least part of the condensed liquid effluent stream is contacted with a liquid water-containing stream in a liquid-liquid contacting device to at least partly separate said condensed liquid effluent stream, or portion thereof, into an aqueous phase rich in said at least one oxygenate and an organic phase rich in said C5+ hydrocarbons.1. A process for producing olefins comprising: (a) providing a vapor product stream from an oxygenate to olefin conversion reaction comprising C2 to C4 olefins, C5+ hydrocarbons, at least one oxygenate and water; (b) cooling the vapor product stream to remove water therefrom and produce a first vapor effluent stream; (c) compressing and cooling the first vapor effluent stream to produce a condensed liquid effluent stream comprising C5+ hydrocarbons and at least one oxygenate, and a residual vapor effluent stream comprising C2 to C4 olefins; and (d) contacting at least a portion of the condensed liquid effluent steam with a liquid water-containing stream in a liquid-liquid contacting device to at least partly separate said condensed liquid effluent stream, or portion thereof, into an aqueous phase rich in said at least one oxygenate and an organic phase rich in said C5+ hydrocarbons.","label":"Process","id":340}
{"sentence":"Silanes, process for their preparation and their application to prepare polymers and polycondensatesSilanes of the general formula (I): [Equation] {XaRbSi(R'(A)c)(4-a-b) }xB (I) in which the groups and indices have the following meaning: X: hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxycaryl or --NR\"2; R: alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl; R': alkylene, arylene or alkylene arylene; R\": hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; A: O, S, PR\", POR\", NHC(O)O or NHC(O)NR\"; B: straight chain or branched organic group, which is derived from a B' compound with at least one C=C double bond for c=1 and A=NHC(O)O or NHC(O)NR\") or at least two C=C double bonds, and 5 to 50 carbon atoms; a: 1, 2 or 3; b: 0, 1 or 2; c: 0 or 1; x: whole number, whose maximum value corresponds to the number of double bonds in compound B' minus 1, or is equal to the number of double bonds in compound B', when c=1 and A stands for NHC(O)O or NHC(O)NR\"; are suitable to prepare homo and copolycondensates and homo or copolymers according to the sol-gel method or by photochemical or thermal polymerization.1. A silane of the formula (I): [Equation] (XaRbSi(R's(A)c)(4-a-b))xB (I) wherein the groups and indices have the following meanings: X: hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or --NR&quot;2; R: alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl; R's: alkylene, arylene or alkylene arylene; R&quot;: hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; A: O, S, PR&quot;, POR&quot;, NHC(O)O or NHC(O)NR&quot;; B: straight chain or branched organic group, which is derived from a B's compound with at least one C=C double bond, where c=1 and A=NHC(O)) or NHC(O)NR&quot;, or at least two C=C double bonds, and 5 to 50 carbon atoms, said B's compound not having two or more acrylate groups, methacrylate groups or a combination thereof; a: 1, 2 or 3; b: 0, 1 or 2; c: 0 or 1; x: whole number, whose maximum value corresponds to the number of double bonds in compound B's minus 1, or is equal to the number of double bonds in compound B's, when c=1 and A is NHC(O)O or NHC(O)NR&quot;.","label":"Automobile","id":341}
{"sentence":"Hydraulic fluid and hydraulic systemA hydraulic fluid of the present invention contains, as a base oil, an ester having two or more ring structures, the two or more ring structures being at least one selected from an aromatic ring and a saturated naphthenic ring. Particularly, the hydraulic fluid contains an ester having two or more aromatic rings as the base oil. The hydraulic fluid has low energy loss due to compression and exhibits excellent responsiveness when being used in a hydraulic circuit. Consequently, the hydraulic fluid realizes energy-saving, high-speed operation and high precision of control in the hydraulic circuit.1. A hydraulic fluid comprising an ester as a base oil, the ester having two or more ring structures, wherein the two or more ring structures are at least one selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring and a saturated naphthenic ring, and wherein the ester is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound comprising an aromatic ester skeleton of formula (1) wherein n is 0 or 1, m is 0, p and q each are an integer of 0 to 3, and X and Y each represent an alkyl group that may include a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxycarbonyl group that may include a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkylcarbonyloxy group that may include a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; a compound comprising an aromatic ester skeleton of formula (3) wherein n and m each are 0 or 1, p and q each are an integer of 0 to 3, R1 and R2 each represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms that may contain oxygen in a main chain and may contain a side chain; and a compound comprising an aromatic ester skeleton of formula (4) wherein j and k each are 0 or 1, n and m each are 1 or 2, p and q each are an integer of 0 to 3, R1 and R2 represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Z represents an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms that may include a side chain.","label":"HouseConst","id":342}
{"sentence":"Electrically conductive adhesive hydrogels with a thermally activated chemical initiatorA composition providing electrically conductive adhesive hydrogels suitable for use as skin contact adhesives and, particularly, suitable for use as an electrical interface for disposable medical devices. The present hydrogels provide for reduced skin irritation and\/or malodor properties, hydrate a subject's skin, readily wet around a subject's skin surface hair, and protect against burning of a subject upon or due to electrical stimulation through the hydrogel. These hydrogels generally include a monomer, a thermally activated chemical initiator, and a cross-linking agent. The present hydrogels also desirably include a solubilizer. The present hydrogels also desirably may include a buffer system to help prevent discoloration of the hydrogels and\/or hydrolysis of the hydrogels as well as to improve shelf-life. Other additives such as conductivity enhancers, pharmaceuticals, humectants, plasticizers, skin health agents, etc. may be added to the present hydrogels either before or after curing.1 . A composition for an electrically conductive hydrogel comprising: a monomer; a first initiator; and a cross-linking agent; wherein the initiator is a thermally activated chemical initiator.","label":"Household","id":343}
{"sentence":"Gravity flow air classifying millThe invention relates to a classifying mill with a housing configured for containing a stream of particulate material. A particulate material feed inlet is associated with the housing for introducing the particulate material into the housing. A milling assembly is disposed within the housing and configured for grinding the particulate material into fines and oversize particles. A classifier comprising a classifier rotor is disposed within the housing and below the milling assembly. A fines output at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the fines from the classifier, and an oversize particle collector at the underside of the classifier is configured for extracting the oversize particles from the housing. The classifying mill is arranged such that the particulate material stream extends downward from the feed inlet, through the milling assembly, and subsequently through the classifier.1. An apparatus for operating on particulate material, comprising: a housing configured for containing a stream of particulate material; a particulate material feed inlet associated with the housing for introducing the particulate material into the housing; a milling assembly disposed within the housing and configured for grinding the particulate material into fines and coarse particles; a classifier comprising a classifier rotor, disposed within the housing and below the milling assembly, and configured for separating the fines from the coarse particles; a fines output at the underside of the classifier configured for extracting the fines from the classifier; and a coarse particle collector at the underside of the classifier and configured for extracting the coarse particles from the housing; wherein the classifying mill is arranged such that the particulate material stream extends downward from the feed inlet, through the milling assembly, and subsequently through the classifier.","label":"IndustConst","id":344}
{"sentence":"Selected cyclohexane -1,3-and -1,4-dicarboxylic acid estersSelected cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-dicarboxylic acid esters are described, as is their use as plasticizers in plastics and their preparation by hydrogenation of the corresponding isophthalic or terephthalic esters by bringing one or more of these isophthalic or terephthalic esters into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which comprises, as active metal, at least one metal of the 8th transition group of the Periodic Table on its own or together with at least one metal of the 1st or 7th transition group of the Periodic Table, applied to a support, which comprises using a support having micropores.1. A cyclohexane-1,3- or -1,4-dicarboxylic acid ester selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid diisodecyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid diundecyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid didodecyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-ethylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(4-methylpentyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1,3-dimethylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1,1-diethylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)propyl] ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(2,2-dimethylhexyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis[3-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)butyl] ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(3,3,5-trimethylhexyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethyl-1,1-dimethylhexyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-heptyl-3-hexyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-[2-ethylbutyl]-3-heptyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-heptyl-3-[1,2,2-trimethylpropyl] ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-dimethylbutyl-3-heptyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-[1-ethylbutyl]-3-heptyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-[1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]-3-heptyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-decyl-3-hexyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-hexyl-3-[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)propyl] ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-dodecyl-3-hexyl ester; cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-nonyl-3-octyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid dipentyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diheptyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diundecyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid didodecyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(3-methylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-ethylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(4-methylpentyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)propyl] ester; 2-methylcyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylheptyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethyl-4-methylpentyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylheptyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(7-methyloctyl) ester; the cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bis(8-methylnonyl) ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid 1-[8-methylnonyl]-4-octyl ester; cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid 1-decyl-4-octyl ester.","label":"HouseConst","id":345}
{"sentence":"Multimodal polymer compositionA multimodal polymer composition for fiber optical cables and a fiber optical cable comprising the composition are disclosed. The composition is characterized in that it comprises a multimodal polyethylene with a density of 0.920-0.965 g\/cm3and a viscosity at a shear stress of 2.7 kPa (η2.7kPa) of at least 150 kPa.s, said multimodal polyethylene comprising a low molecular weight (LMW) ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction and a high molecular weight (HMW) ethylene copolymer fraction, said multimodal polymer composition having a weight ratio of the LMW fraction to the HMW fraction of (35-55):(65-45). Preferably, the multimodal polyethylene is a bimodal polyethylene and has a shear thinning index (SHI), defined as the ratio of the viscosities at shear stresses of 2.7 and 210 kPa, respectively, of SHI2.7\/210 =20-150. Also, preferably, the multimodal polyethylene has a MFR5of 0.1-2.0 g\/10 min and a melt strength at 190° C. of at least 4 g. The multimodal polymer composition is particularly useful as a material for slotted core elements of fiber optical cables of the slotted core type.1. A multimodal polymer composition for fibre optic cables, characterised in that it comprises a multimodal polyethylene with a density of 0.920-0.965 g\/cm3and a viscosity at a shear stress of 2.7 kPa (η2.7 kPa) of at least 150 kpa.s, said multimodal polyethylene comprising a low molecular weight (LMW) ethylene homo- or copolymer fraction and a high molecular weight (HMW) ethylene copolymer fraction, said multimodal polyethylene composition having a weight ratio of the LMW fraction to the HMW fraction of (35-55):(65-45).","label":"HouseConst","id":346}
{"sentence":"TRIBLOCK DIENE ELASTOMER WHERE THE CENTRAL BLOCK IS A POLYETHER BLOCK AND THE CHAIN ENDS ARE AMINE-FUNCTIONALISEDThe invention relates to a triblock diene elastomer, the central block of which is a polyether block having a number-average molecular weight ranging from 150 to 5000 g\/mol and is connected via a silicon atom to each of the lateral blocks, and the chain ends of which are functionalized to at least 70 mol %, with respect to the number of moles of chain end, by an amine function.1 . A triblock diene elastomer, the central block of which is a polyether block having a number-average molecular weight ranging from 150 to 5000 g\/mol and is connected via a silicon atom to each of the lateral blocks, and the chain ends of which are functionalized to at least 70 mol %, with respect to the number of moles of chain end, by an amine function.","label":"Automobile","id":347}
{"sentence":"Continuous method for the production of neopentyl glycolA continuous method for preparing neopentyl glycol by addition of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary alkylamine as catalyst to give hydroxypivaldehyde with subsequent hydrogenation in the gas phase at a temperature of 125 to 180° C., is characterized in that the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a copper chromite catalyst comprising the activators barium and manganese and at a superatmospheric pressure of 30 to 120 kPa.1. Continuous method for preparing neopentyl glycol by addition of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary alkylamine as catalyst to give hydroxypivaldehyde with subsequent hydrogenation in the gas phase at a temperature of 125 to 180° C., characterized in that the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a copper chromite catalyst comprising the activators barium and manganese and at a superatmospheric pressure of 30 to 120 kPa.","label":"Process","id":348}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of neopentyl glycolA method for producing neopentyl glycol is described using tertiaryamines as a catalyst for the condensation of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde followed by hydrogenation of the resulting reaction mixture using a manganese oxide promoted copper chromite catalyst.1. In the production of neopentyl glycol wherein isobutyraldehyde is condensed with formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising hydroxypivaldehyde and subjecting said reaction mixture to hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide neopentyl glycol, the improvement comprising employing as said hydrogenation catalyst a manganese oxide-promoted copper oxide\/copper chromite catalyst.","label":"Process","id":349}
{"sentence":"Nitrile resin for electro-photographic carrier and preparation process thereofA nitrile resin for a carrier resulting from graft-copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture containing unsaturated nitrile and alkyl acrylate in the presence of 1 to 30 parts by weight of a rubber-like polymer containing 50% by weight or more of conjugated diene units. The nitrile resin comprises having a glass transition temperature of 50 to 69° C., having a matrix component except rubber ingredient containing 45 to 80% by weight of unsaturated nitrile units and 20 to 55% by weight of alkyl acrylate units and having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 150,000. The invention further relates to a preparation process of nitrile resin and an electrophotographic carrier containing the nitrile resin. The nitrile resin for a carrier of the invention has an excellent processing ability in the carrier preparation step and good balance of electrostatic charge stability of the carrier. Consequently, the resin is highly suitable for use in the electrophotographic carrier.1. An electrophotographic carrier comprising 100 to 1000 parts by weight of a magnetic powder and 100 parts by weight of a nitrile resin as a carrier, said nitrile resin comprising a matrix component and a rubber polymer, said nitrile resin resulting from graft-copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture comprising unsaturated nitrile and alkyl acrylate which forms the matrix component in the presence of 1 to 30 parts by weight of a rubber polymer comprising 50% by weight or more of conjugated diene units, said nitrile resin having a glass transition temperature of 50 to 69° C., wherein the matrix component comprises 45 to 80% by weight of unsaturated nitrile units based on the total weight of the matrix component and 20 to 55% by weight of alkyl acrylate units based on the total weight of the matrix component and has a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 150,000.","label":"Automobile","id":350}
{"sentence":"Catalyst useful for oxidation reactionsA catalyst useful for oxidation reactions is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for the gas phase oxidation of alkanes, propylene, acrolein, or isopropanol to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids.1. A process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes and acids comprising subjecting an alkane to catalytic oxidation in the presence of a catalyst comprising: A a M m N n X x O o wherein 0.25<a<0.98, 0.003<m<0.5, 0.003<n<0.5, 0.003<x<0.5, and o is dependent on the oxidation state of the other elements, and A is at least one of Mo, W, Fe, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Ru; M is at least one of V, Ce, and Cr; N is at least one of Te, Bi, Sb, and Se; and X is at least one of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Bi, B, In, and Ce; wherein the catalyst exhibits at least two crystal phases, one phase comprising major x-ray diffraction peaks at 22.1, 28.2, 36.2, 45.2, 50.5, 54.2, 55.4, and 58.5, and a second phase comprising major x-ray diffraction peaks at 22.1, 27.2, 35.3, 45.2, and 51.1.","label":"Catalyst","id":351}
{"sentence":"Two-step mixing process for producing an absorbent polymerA process for producing an absorbent polymer including a first mixing event, in which a plurality of absorbent polymer particles ( 1 ) are mixed with a liquid ( 2 ) and a second mixing event, in which the liquid ( 2 ) is homogenized within the interior of the polymer particles. The polymer particles ( 1 ) in the first mixing event are mixed with a speed such that the kinetic energy of the individual polymer particles ( 1 ) is on average larger than the adhesion energy of the individual polymer particles ( 1 ), and the polymer particles ( 1 ) in the second mixing event are stirred at a lower speed than in the first mixing event. The different speeds effect a fluidization of the polymer particles ( 1 ), which prevents a clumping of the polymer particles ( 1 ) during the mixing event. The absorbent polymers thus produced are distinguished by a particularly rapid swelling behavior.1. A process for producing an absorbent polymer composition comprising the steps of: a first mixing event, wherein a plurality of absorbent polymer particles are mixed with a liquid in a mixer; and a second mixing event, wherein the liquid is distributed within the polymer particles; wherein the polymer particles in the first mixing event are mixed with a first mixing speed, and the polymer particles in the second mixing event are stirred with a lower speed than in the first mixing event; and wherein the first mixing event is a continuous mixing process wherein in the first mixing event the polymer particles are back-mixed in such a way that a flow of the new polymer particles entering in the mixer is overlaid by a flow of polymer particles already present in the mixer and opposed to this flow, wherein the ratio of the opposed flow to the flow of newly entering polymer particles averages about 5 to about 50% by wt.","label":"Household","id":352}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbing resin and process for producing sameA process for producing a water-absorbing resin, which comprises polymerizing (D) an aqueous solution comprising (A) at least one monomer component selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and salts thereof; (B) a compound having two or more unsaturated groups in a molecule; and (C) a compound having two or more functional groups which are capable of reacting with carboxyl groups in a molecule, the polymerization being conducted in such a manner that the following conditions (a) to (c) are simultaneously satisfied: (a) the molar ratio (B)\/(C) being in the range of from 2×10-3to 300, (b) the polymerization being initiated by a redox polymerization initiator, and (c) the maximum reaction temperature being in the range of from 60° to 100° C, and a water-absorbing resin having a degree of reduction in absorption magnification of from 1 to 16, and n absorption magnification under pressure of from 20 to 40.1. A water-absorbing resin having a degree of reduction in absorption magnification of from 1 to 16, and an absorption magnification under pressure of from 20 to 40.","label":"Household","id":353}
{"sentence":"Apparatus, systems, and methods for purification of isocyanate mixturesThe present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to apparatus, systems, and\/or methods for fractionating a feed mixture comprising, for example, one or more isocyanates, light components, solvents and\/or heavier components. In some embodiments, fractionating an isocyanate feed mixture may comprise distilling the feed mixture in a non-adiabatic fractionating apparatus comprising a prefractionating section and\/or column and a main section and\/or column, which comprises a rectification section, a side section, and a stripping section. For example, isocyanates may be separated from light component(s), solvent(s) and\/or heavier component(s). A fractionating apparatus may be configured and arranged, in some embodiments, as a dividing wall column. According to some embodiments of the disclosure, apparatus, systems, and\/or methods may be energy efficient and\/or may have a broad operating range.1. A method for fractionating an isocyanate feed mixture comprising a light component comprising lights and solvent, a middle-boiling component comprising an isocyanate, and a heavy boiling component comprising other components of the feed mixture heavier than light, solvent, and isocyanate, using a fractionating apparatus comprising a prefractionating section, a rectification section, a stripping section, and a side section, the method comprising: (a) moving the isocyanate feed mixture after stripping in a stripping section into the prefractionating section, (b) warming the contents of the prefractionating section and forming a prefractionating section vapor stream PSVS and a prefractionating section liquid stream PSLS by heating at least a portion of the prefractionating section liquid stream PSLS in at least one external reboiler, (c) moving at least a portion of the prefractionating section vapor stream PSVS to the rectification section, (d) cooling the contents of the rectification section to form a rectification section vapor product stream RSVPS and a condensate liquid, (e) removing from the fractionating apparatus at least a portion of the rectification section vapor product stream RSVPS, (f) removing from the fractionating apparatus at least a portion of the condensate liquid as a rectification section liquid product stream RSLPS, (g) removing from the rectification section at least a portion of the condensate liquid as a rectification section liquid stream RSLS, (h) moving at least a portion of the rectification section liquid stream RSLS to the side section, (i) moving at least a portion of the rectification section liquid stream RSLS to the prefractionating section, (j) heating at least a portion of the prefractionating section liquid stream PSLS to form a second prefractionating section vapor stream sPSVS and a second prefractionating section liquid stream sPSLS and combining each with their respective first streams, (k) moving at least a portion of the prefractionating section liquid stream PSLS from the prefractionating section to the stripping section, (l) heating the contents of the stripping section to form a stripping section vapor stream SSVS and a stripping section lower product stream SSLPS, (m) removing from the fractionating apparatus at least a portion of the stripping section liquid product stream SSLPS, (n) moving at least a portion of the stripping section vapor stream SSVS to the side section, (o) commingling at least a portion of the rectification section liquid stream RSLS and at least a portion of the stripping section vapor stream SSVS in the side section under conditions that permit formation of a side section vapor stream SdSVS, a side section liquid product stream SdSLPS, and a side section liquid stream SdSLS, (p) removing from the fractionating apparatus at least a portion of the side section liquid product stream SdSLPS, (q) moving at least a portion of the side section vapor stream SdSVS to the rectification section, and (r) moving at least a portion of the side section liquid stream SdSLS to the stripping section, wherein the concentration of the light component in the isocyanate feed mixture is from about 5 weight percent or molar percent to about 90 weight percent or molar percent, the concentration of the middle-boiling component in the isocyanate-containing feed mixture is from about 2 weight percent or molar percent to about 95 weight percent or molar percent, and the concentration of the heavy boiling component in the isocyanate-containing feed mixture is from about 0.1 weight percent or molar percent to about 50 weight percent or molar percent, with the proviso that the concentration of the light component is (i) higher than the middle-boiling component and (ii) higher than the heavy boiling component.","label":"Process","id":354}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of n-butanolDisclosed is the use of a Raney cobalt catalyst in the hydrogenation process for the production of n-butanol. A process for the production of purified n-butanol comprising contacting in a hydrogenation zone n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen with an active porous cobalt catalyst under hydrogenation conditions of temperature and pressure for the production of alcohols from aldehydes, either in the substantial absence of water, or in the presence of water in an amount up to about 6 wt % based on the weight of the liquid hydrogenation reaction product to produce said reaction product comprising n-butanol, and purifying said reaction product by fractional distillation in the presence of about 0.01 to about 6 wt % of water, based on the total weight of feed to the fractionating column.1. A process for the production of purified n-butanol comprising contacting in a hydrogenation zone n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen with an active porous cobalt catalyst under hydrogenation conditions of temperature and pressure for the production of alcohols from aldehydes, either in the substantial absence of water, or in the presence of water in an amount up to about 6 wt % based on the weight of the liquid hydrogenation reaction product to produce said reaction product comprising n-butanol, and purifying said reaction product by fractional distillation in the presence of about 0.01 to about 6 wt % of water, based on the total weight of feed to the fractionating column.","label":"Process","id":355}
{"sentence":"Methods of preparation of an olefin oligomerization catalystA method of making an olefin oligomerization catalyst, comprising contacting a chromium-containing compound, a heteroatomic ligand, and a metal alkyl, wherein the chromium-containing compound comprises less than about 5 weight percent chromium oligomers. A method of making an olefin oligomerization catalyst comprising a chromium-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a metal alkyl, the method comprising adding a composition comprising the chromium-containing compound to a composition comprising the metal alkyl. A method of making an olefin oligomerization catalyst comprising a chromium-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a metal alkyl, the method comprising abating all or a portion of water, acidic protons, or both from a composition comprising the chromium-containing compound, a composition comprising the nitrogen-containing compound, or combinations thereof prior to or during the preparation of the catalyst. Methods of oligomerizing olefins by contacting such catalysts with an alpha olefin.1. A method of making an olefin oligomerization catalyst, comprising contacting a chromium-containing compound, a heteroatomic ligand, and a metal alkyl, wherein the chromium-containing compound comprises less than about 5 weight percent chromium oligomers, and wherein the chromium-containing compound comprises a chromium(III) carboxylate selected from the group consisting of chromium(III) isooctanoate, chromium(III) tris(2-ethylhexanoate), chromium(III) oxy-2-ethylhexanoate, chromium(III) dichloroethylhexanoate, chromium(III) butyrate, chromium(III) neopentanoate, chromium(III) laurate, chromium(III) stearate, chromium(III) oxalate, chromium(III) benzoate, chromium(III) octanoate, chromium(III) propionate, and combinations thereof.","label":"Catalyst","id":356}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition and process for preparing the sameThere is provided a silica-containing diene rubber composition superior in resiliene (which is an indication of rolling resistance), at least equal, in tensile strength and abrasion resistance, to carbon black-containing diene rubber compositions, and good in processability and hardness property. The silica-containing diene rubber composition is characterized by containing, as the diene rubber component, a hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber having a weight-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, or a blend of the hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber and other diene rubber. This composition is produced by a process which uses, as the diene rubber component, a hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber having a weight-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, or a combination of the hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber and other diene rubber and wherein the mixing of components is conducted by mixing the diene rubber component with at least part of a required amount of silica and then mixing the resulting mixture with the remainder of silica and other compounding agents.1. A rubber composition comprising a diene rubber component and acidic silica as reinforcing agent, wherein the diene rubber component is a hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber (A) having a weight-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, or a blend of the hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber (A) and other diene rubber (B), wherein hydroxyl group-containing diene rubber (A) is a solution or anionic polymer with bound active metal in the molecule reacted with an hydroxyl group introducing modifier.","label":"IndustConst","id":357}
{"sentence":"METHOD FOR PREPARING PERMANENTLY HYDROPHOBIC AEROGEL AND PERMANENTLY HYDROPHOBIC AEROGEL PREPARED BY USING THE METHODA method for preparing permanently hydrophobic aerogel and permanently hydrophobic aerogel prepared by the method. The method comprises adding sodium silicate to HCl at 30 to 90° C. until an acidity reaches pH 3-5, to form silica hydrogel under acidic conditions of pH 3-5, washing the silica hydrogel with distilled water using a mixer, followed by filtering, adding the silica hydrogel to a silylating solution of silylating agent in n-butanol at pH 1-5 using an acid selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, to simultaneously conduct silylation and solvent replacement, and drying the silica hydrogel; The method has the following advantages; i) silylation and solvent replacement can be simultaneously conducted, ii) n-butanol is used as a reaction solvent instead of methanol upon silylation, thus obtaining a thermal conductivity comparable to conventional aerogel powders, iii) silylation is conducted under improved conditions, i.e., strong acidic conditions of pH 1-5, and as a result, all of the aerogel powders can be reacted with a silylating agent, thereby obtaining permanently hydrophobic aerogel, iv) the washing with a mixer makes the amount of removed sodium ions uniform, thus it is suitable for mass-production, and v) the method provides a relatively simplified procedure and the use of the silylating agent in a small amount enables low costs and mass-production.1 . A method for preparing permanently hydrophobic aerogel comprising: adding sodium silicate to HCl at 30 to 90° C. until an acidity reaches pH 3-5, to form silica hydrogel under acidic conditions of pH 3-5; washing the silica hydrogel with distilled water using a mixer, followed by filtering; adding the silica hydrogel to a silylating solution of silylating agent in n-butanol at pH 1-5 using an acid selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, to simultaneously conduct silylation and solvent replacement; and drying the silica hydrogel.","label":"IndustConst","id":358}
{"sentence":"Water absorbing agentThe invention provides [I] a water-absorbing agent composed of a water-absorbing resin powder having the molecular chains near its surface being crosslinked, said powder being obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a powder of a carboxyl-containing water-absorbing resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer, a partially neutralized product of a starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, a saponification product of a vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a partially neutralized product of polyacrylic acid, and a crosslinked product of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol, 0.01 to 8 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent and 0 to 8 parts by weight of water, and heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 90° C. to react the water-absorbing resin powder with the polyhydric alcohol; [II] a water-absorbing agent composed of a mixture of the water-absorbing agent [I] with finely divided silica; [III] a water-absorbing agent obtained by pulverizing and granulating a mixture of the water-absorbing agent [I] with an aqueous liquid; and [IV] a water-absorbing agent composed of a mixture of the water-absorbing agent [III] with finely divided silica.1. In a water-absorbing agent comprising a water-absorbing resin powder having the molecular chains near its durface crosslinked, said resin powder being obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a powder of a carboxyl-containing water-absorbing resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer, a partially neutralized product of a starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, a saponification product of a vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a partially neutralized product of polyacrylic acid, and a crosslinked product of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol and heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 90° C. to react the powder of a carboxyl-containing water-absorbing resin with the polyhydric alcohol, the improvement comprising conducting the mixing of said powder of a carboxyl-containing water-absorbing resin and said polyhydric alcohol in the presence of 0.01 to 8 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent and 0 to 8 parts by weight of water.","label":"Household","id":359}
{"sentence":"Increased polymer melt flow ratio via feed of a supported catalyst saturated with a selected liquid agentA process for the production of ethylene alpha-olefin copolymers is disclosed. The process may include feeding a catalyst system comprising a supported metallocene, such as a hafnocene, having pores saturated with a selected liquid agent, to a gas phase polymerization reactor. Ethylene and an alpha-olefin may then be contacted with the supported metallocene in the gas phase polymerization reactor to produce an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer. The copolymer may have a density of less than 0.93 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) of less than 2 dg\/min, and a melt flow ratio (I21\/I2) of at least 28. To advantageously result in desired effects on catalyst properties and\/or polymer properties, the liquid agent may be selected to advantageously manipulate catalyst temperature profiles and\/or catalyst-monomer interaction during an initial heating period when the catalyst is first introduced to the reactor.1. A process for the production of an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer comprising: feeding a catalyst system comprising a silica supported bis(n-propyl-cyclopentadiene)hafniumdimethyl with methylalumoxane having pores saturated with a hydrocarbon having at least 12 carbon atoms to a gas phase polymerization reactor; contacting ethylene and an alpha-olefin with the silica supported bis(n-propyl-cyclopentadiene)hafniumdimethyl with methylalumoxane in the gas phase polymerization reactor to produce an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer having: a density of less than 0.93 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) of less than 2 dg\/min and; a melt flow ratio (I21\/I2) of at least 28.","label":"Catalyst","id":360}
{"sentence":"Flexible thermoplastic polyester compositionsNew and improved flexible thermoplastic polyester compositions are disclosed having a flexural modulus of not substantially greater than about 140,000 psi, which are useful for forming flexible shaped articles such as hoses, tubings, wire coatings, cable jacketing and the like. The compositions comprise (a) a substantially crystalline thermoplastic linear polyester resin composition and (b) an amount of an amorphous copolymer resin effective to reduce the flexural modulus of (a) to not substantially greater than about 140,000 psi. In an alternate embodiment ultra-low modulus thermoplastic polyester compositions are provided which additionally comprise (c) a minor effective amount of an enhancing agent capable of further reducing the flexural modulus of (a) plus (b) to not substantially greater than about 70,000 psi. It is disclosed that fillers, reinforcements and flame retardant agents may be incorporated into the ultra-low modulus compositions to provide filled, reinforced or flame retardant flexible thermoplastic polyester compositions having flexural moduli which are still not substantially greater than about 140,000 psi.1. An improved low modulus, flexible thermoplastic molding and extrusion composition having a flexural modulus of about 140,000 or below as determined in accordance with ASTM D790, comprising in physical admixture (a) about 20 percent by weight of a polyalkylene terephthalate resin; (b) about 15 percent by weight of an aromatic polycarbonate resin; (c) about 60 percent by weight of a substantially amorphous copolymer resin comprising a butadiene based core-shell multiphase composite interpolymer resin; and (d) at least one triarylphosphate.","label":"IndustConst","id":361}
{"sentence":"Process for producing polybutadieneA high cis-1,4-polybutadiene is produced, with reduced gel formation, by preparing a catalyst from (A) a cobalt compound, (B) a trialkyl (C1-10) aluminum compound, (C) a halide compound selected from those of formulae (1) and (2): (1) AlR2mX3-m,and (2) R3--X, wherein R2=C1-10hydrocarbon, X=halogen, m=0 to 2, R3=C1-40hydrocarbon, and (D) water in an amount of 0.77 to 1.45 moles per mole of total Al in components (B) and (C); and polymerizing 1,3-butadiene in the presence of the resultant catalyst in a polymerization medium including an alkane, cycloalkane and\/or olefin hydrocarbon.1. A process for producing polybutadiene having a content of cis-1,4-structure of 95% or more, comprising: preparing a catalyst from: (A) a cobalt component comprising at least one cobalt compound selected from cobalt halides, cobalt salts of inorganic and organic acids, cobalt acetylacetonate compounds, cobalt-acetoacetic ester complexes, cobalt halide-pyridine complexes, cobalt halide-picoline complexes, and cobalt halide-alkyl alcohol complexes, (B) an organic aluminum component comprising at least one trialkylaluminum compound of formula (1): [Equation] (R1)3Al (1) wherein R1represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which alkyl group may be substituted, (C) a halide component comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of (a) aluminum halide compounds of formula (2): [Equation] AlR2mX3-m ( 2) wherein R2represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which hydrocarbon group may be substituted, X represents a halogen atom, and m represents a positive number of 0 to 2, and (b) hydrocarbon halide compounds of formula (3): [Equation] R3--X (3) wherein X is as defined above and R3represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, which hydrocarbon group may be substituted, and (D) water in an amount of 0.77 to 1.45 moles per mole of the total aluminum in components (B) and (C), and polymerizing 1,3 -butadiene in the presence of the resultant catalyst.","label":"Automobile","id":362}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition and tire using sameThis invention relates to a rubber composition having excellent workability, fracture characteristics and wear resistance and a low heat buildup and a high storage modulus (G′), and more particularly to a rubber composition comprising not less than 20 parts by mass of a reinforcing filler (B) and 5 to 60 parts by mass of a low-molecular weight aromatic vinyl compound-conjugated diene compound copolymer (C) having an aromatic vinyl compound content of 5 to 80% by mass, a vinyl bond content in a conjugated diene compound portion of 10 to 80% by mass and a weight average molecular weight as measured with a gel permeation chromatography and converted to polystyrene of 5,000 to 300,000 based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component (A) containing not less than 10% by mass of a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having at least one functional group.1. A rubber composition comprising not less than 20 parts by mass of a reinforcing filler (B) and 5 to 60 parts by mass of a low-molecular weight aromatic vinyl compound-conjugated diene compound copolymer (C) having an aromatic vinyl compound content of 5 to 80% by mass, a vinyl bond content in a conjugated diene compound portion of 10 to 80% by mass and a weight average molecular weight as measured through a gel permeation chromatography and converted to polystyrene of more than 50,000 but less than 150,000 based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component (A) containing not less than 10% by mass of a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having at least one functional group.","label":"Automobile","id":363}
{"sentence":"Catalyst useful for oxidation of alkanesA catalyst useful for the gas phase oxidation of alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids is disclosed. Processes for preparing the catalyst and using the catalyst to convert alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids are also disclosed.1. A catalyst comprising: a mixed metal oxide of the formula A n M m N n X x O o ; and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of: (i) heteropolyacids, (ii) aluminas, (iii) zirconias, (iv) titanias, (v) zeolites, and (vi) acid combinations thereof; wherein 0.25<a<0.98, 0.003<m<0.5, 0.003<n<0.5, 0.003<x<0.5; the acid is present at from 0.05 to 5 weight percent based on the total weight of the catalyst; o is dependent on the oxidation state of the other elements; and A is selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, Zr, Ru, and mixtures thereof; M is selected from the group consisting of V, Ce, Cr, and mixtures thereof: N is selected from the group consisting of Te, Se, and mixtures thereof; and X is selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, B, In, Ce, and mixtures thereof.","label":"Catalyst","id":364}
{"sentence":"Process of polymerizing vinyl chloride with washing of charging passageA process of preparing a vinyl chloride polymer in a polymerization vessel comprising the steps of: charging a polymerization initiator through a charging passage communicating with the inside of the polymerization vessel, and polymerizing vinyl chloride or a vinyl monomer mixture containing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium, wherein after said polymerization initiator has been charged into the polymerization vessel, said charging passage is washed with a cleaning fluid containing a polymerization inhibitor. This process can effectively prevent scale formation in the charging passage and produce a vinyl chloride polymer of high quality.1. A process of preparing a vinyl chloride polymer in a polymerization vessel, comprising the steps of: charging an oil-soluble polymerization initiator through a charging passage communicating with the inside of a polymerization vessel in which vinyl chloride monomer is polymerized; polymerizing vinyl chloride or a vinyl monomer mixture containing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium within said polymerization vessel; and, after charging said oil-soluble polymerization initiator into the polymerization vessel, washing the charging passage with a cleaning fluid containing a vinyl chloride-soluble polymerization inhibitor in an organic solvent.","label":"HouseConst","id":365}
{"sentence":"System and method for fabrication of high-efficiency durable thermoelectric devicesThe present invention relates to a durable high-efficiency thermoelectric device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a thermoelectric device formed with a novel thermoelectric material and system which incorporates a vaporizable scaffolding to create microscopic gaps between the thermoelectric elements which are filled with a high-density, shrink-resistant aerogel.1 . A durable high-efficiency thermoelectric device comprising a thermoelectric skutterudite device bonded with a strong, low-contact resistance, high-temperature bond on a hot-side interconnect.","label":"IndustConst","id":366}
{"sentence":"Stabilized metallocene compounds of transition metals of group 4 and process for their preparationA metallocene compound of a metal M of group 4 in the table of elements, comprising a cyclopentadienyl group and at least one oligomeric group R′ bonded to M, having the following formula (II):  -(A x D y U z )R I &emsp;&emsp;(II)  wherein:  A represents any monomeric unit deriving from a vinylaromatic group polymerizable by means of anionic polymerization, having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms;  D represents any monomeric unit deriving from a conjugated diolefin polymerizable by means of anionic polymerization, having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms;  U represents any generic optional monomeric unit deriving from an unsaturated compound copolymerizable with any of the above conjugated diolefins D or vinylaromatic compounds A;  R I represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,  each index x and y can be independently zero or an integer, provided the sum (x+y) is equal to or higher than 2, preferably between 2 and 50, more preferably between 2 and 25;  z can be zero or an integer ranging from 1 to 20.  Said complex can be used for the formation of catalytic systems, in particular for the (co)polymerization of olefins, with enhanced stability and a high activity, so as to enable transportation and storage for prolonged periods of time.1. A metallocene complex of a metal of group 4 of the periodic table having the following formula (I): wherein: M is a metal selected from the group, consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium, coordinatively bonded to a first η 5 -cyclopentadienyl group; R′ represents an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group; R&Prime; represents a group anionically bonded to the metal M, consisting of an organic or inorganic radical, different from cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl; the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , each independently represents, an atom or radical bonded to said first η 5 -cyclopentadienyl group, and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organic groups and inorganic groups; R 6 represents an organic or inorganic group, anionically bonded to the metal M; w has the value of 0 or 1, wherein said R′ group consists of an unsaturated oligomeric group having the following formula (II): (A x D y U Z )R I &emsp;&emsp;(II) wherein: A represents any monomeric unit derived from a vinylaromatic group polymerizable by means of anionic polymerization, having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms; D represents any monomeric unit derived from a conjugated diolefin polymerizable by means of anionic polymerization, having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms; U represents any generic monomeric unit derived from an unsaturated compound co-polymerizable with any of the above conjugated diolefins D or vinylaromatic compounds A; R I hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each index x and y can be independently zero or an integer, provided the sum (x+y) is equal to or higher than 2; z can be zero or an integer ranging from 1 to 20; with the proviso that, when R 6 is a η 5 -cyclopentadienyl or substituted η 5 -cyclopentadienyl group and R′ is -(A x )R I , R&Prime; is different from -(A x ) R I .","label":"Catalyst","id":367}
{"sentence":"Pulverulent, cross-linked polymers capable of absorbing aqueous liquidsThe invention relates to absorbent, cross-linked polymers based on partially neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers that bear acidic groups. Said polymers exhibit improved properties with regard to their ability to transport liquids in a swollen state. The surface of the polymers is postreticulated, using a combination of an organic cross-linking compound, excluding polyols, and a cation that is in salt form in an aqueous solution.1. A pulverulent polymer which absorbs water, aqueous or serous liquids as well as blood, which is post-cross-linked on the surface and is synthesized from a) from about 55 to about 99.9 wt. % polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated, acid group-containing monomers which are at least about 25 mol % neutralized, b) from 0 to about 40 wt. % polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with a), c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. % of one or more polymerized cross-linking agents, d) from 0 to about 30 wt. % of a water-soluble polymer, wherein the sum of the quantities by weight a) to d) is 100 wt. %, wherein the polymer is formed into polymer particles that are coated and post-cross-linked, with heating, with e) from about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, in relation to the polymer, of an organic surface post-cross-linking agent, with the exception of polyols, in the form of an aqueous solution and with f) from about 0.001 to about 1.0 wt. %, in relation to the polymer, of a trivalent or a higher-valent cation in the form of a salt dissolved in an aqueous solution, g) the polymer particles coated with elements e) and f) are heat treated at a temperature from at least 150 to 250° C. to form the pulverulent polymer, and wherein the total quantity of water of the coating solution is from about 0.5 to about 10 wt %, in relation to the polymer, and the ratio by weight of the salt to the post-cross-linking agent is within the range from about 1:0.8 to about 1:4 wherein the pulverulent polymer has a retention (TB) of at least about 25 g\/g and a saline flow permeability (SFC) of about 45×10−7cm3sec\/g or more.","label":"Household","id":368}
{"sentence":"POLYACRYLIC ACID (SALT)-BASED WATER ABSORBENT RESIN, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYACRYLIC ACID (SALT)-BASED WATER ABSORBENT RESINAs a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin particle which less generates fine powder and has an excellent impact resistance and a high moisture content even in a case where the polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin particle is produced on a large scale, employed is a production method including the steps of: (a) adding a surface crosslinking agent solution to water absorbent resin powder to obtain a mixture; (b) reacting the mixture; and, thereafter (c) adding an aqueous liquid to at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) the water absorbent resin powder during the step (b) and (ii) the water absorbent resin powder after the step (b), an atmospheric dew point being not lower than 20° C. in the step (c), and a temperature of the water absorbent resin powder being higher than the atmospheric dew point in the step (c).1 . A method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin particle, comprising the steps of: (a) adding a surface crosslinking agent solution to water absorbent resin powder to obtain a mixture; (b) reacting the mixture; and, thereafter (c) adding an aqueous liquid to at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) the water absorbent resin powder during the step (b) and (ii) the water absorbent resin powder after the step (b), an atmospheric dew point being not lower than 20° C. in the step (c), and a temperature of the water absorbent resin powder being higher than the atmospheric dew point in the step (c).","label":"Household","id":369}
{"sentence":"Method of preparing hydrophobic silicaThe invention provides hydrophobic surface-treated silica particles having (1) a ratio T2:T3 of about 0.4 or more, wherein T2 is the intensity of a peak having a chemical shift in the CP\/MAS29Si NMR spectrum centered within the range of −56 ppm to −59 ppm, and wherein T3 is the intensity of a peak having a chemical shift in the CP\/MAS29Si NMR spectrum centered within the range of −65 ppm to −69 ppm, and (2) a ratio (T2+T3)\/(T2+T3+M) of greater than about 0.05, wherein M is the intensity of a peak having a chemical shift in the CP\/MAS29Si NMR spectrum centered within the range of +7 ppm to +18 ppm. The invention also provides a method of preparing hydrophobic surface-treated silica particles.1. A method of preparing hydrophobic silica particles comprising: (a) providing a stable acidic aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica particles, wherein the content of free alkali metal cation in the aqueous dispersion is 0.05 wt. % or less, (b) combining the dispersion with an alkoxysilane compound to provide a reaction mixture in aqueous dispersion form, wherein the reaction mixture comprises no more than 40 wt. % of organic solvent, and (c) drying the reaction mixture of step (b) to provide hydrophobic silica particles having a ratio T2:T3 of about 0.4 or more, wherein T2 is the intensity of a peak having a chemical shift in the CP\/MAS29Si NMR spectrum centered within the range of −56 ppm to −59 ppm, and wherein T3 is the intensity of a peak having a chemical shift in the CP\/MAS29Si NMR spectrum centered within the range of −65 ppm to −69 ppm.","label":"IndustConst","id":370}
{"sentence":"Surface Modifications and Methods for their Synthesis and UseNovel processes are disclosed for forming an array of polymers by functionalizing the surface of particles by methods that include covalently attaching a functionalized silicon compound. Substrates such as microparticles having functionalized silicon compounds attached thereto are produced by introducing at least one carboxyl group directly by silanating a carboxylated silane compound to the surface of a microparticle. In a further aspect of the invention, the silane compound is a dipodal carboxylated silane.1 . A method of forming an array of nucleic acids comprising: silanating a surface of a substrate by steps comprising: covalently attaching a plurality of functionalized silicon compounds the surface of the substrate, wherein during the silanation step at least one carboxyl group is directly introduced by silanating the surface of the substrate with a carboxylated silane compound; and conjugating two or more oligonucleotides to the carboxylated silane compounds to form an array of nucleic acids covalently attached to the carboxylated silane compound on the surface of the substrate.","label":"Automobile","id":371}
{"sentence":"Refrigerant power unit and method for refrigerationA refrigerant power unit includes a closed piping loop containing refrigerant. The refrigerant is pumped to an evaporator where it changes to a saturated vapor. It is directed across a generator absorbing additional heat energy and changing to a super-heated hot gas. The refrigerant is directed through the nozzles in a turbine and impinges upon turbine blades. As the refrigerant passes around the turbine blades, it expands and exits the turbine blades in an axial direction. The enthalpy, temperature and pressure of the refrigerant drops, reducing the refrigerant to a saturated vapor. The refrigerant then enters a condenser heat exchanger dissipating heat into the surrounding medium, reducing the enthalpy of the refrigerant, changing the refrigerant into a liquid before entering the receiver tank. A pump draws the liquid refrigerant from the receiver tank and pressurizes the system. The refrigerant is directed to the inlet of the evaporator, completing the cycle through the refrigerant power unit. A more detailed system includes an additional piping segment, between the receiver tank and the generator, which contains an evaporator, a compressor and a motor. Another system includes a second evaporator between the evaporator and the generator. It includes a second closed piping loop containing a compressor and a motor between the first and third evaporators. The loop also provides the heating refrigerant for the first evaporator coil and the coolant refrigerant inside the third evaporator coil.1. A refrigerant power unit, comprising: a closed piping loop; refrigerant in said piping loop; a pump in said piping loop; an evaporator in said piping loop downstream of said pump; a rotary machine in said piping loop downstream of said evaporator; an electric generator in said piping loop between said evaporator and said rotary machine, said piping loop directing the flow of said refrigerant across said electric generator wherein said refrigerant absorbs heat energy dissipated from said generator; a condenser in said piping loop downstream of said rotary machine; and a receiver in said piping loop between said condenser and said pump.","label":"Process","id":372}
{"sentence":"Polyolefin compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the sameThe invention provides a composition comprising at least one olefin multi-block interpolymer; at least one functionalized olefin-based polymer; and optionally at least one thermoplastic polyurethane. The invention also provides for articles prepared from the inventive compositions and for methods for making the same.1. A composition comprising the following: A) at least one olefin multi-block interpolymer, and B) at least one functionalized olefin-based polymer wherein the at least one functionalized olefin-based polymer comprises one or more of the following functional groups covalently bonded to the olefin-based polymer backbone: (a) wherein the structure of (a) R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical, and R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 carbon atoms, and optionally may be substituted with a heteroatom containing group; or (b) wherein the structure of (b) R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical; or (c) wherein the structure of (c) R1 and R2 are, independently, either hydrogen or a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical, which is linear or branched; R4 is a divalent hydrocarbyl radical, which is linear or branched; X is OH or NHR5, where R5 is a hydrocarbyl radical, which is linear or branched, or a hydroxyethyl group and wherein said olefin multi-block interpolymer is an ethylene\/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer, which has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) an average block index greater than zero and up to 1.0 and a molecular weight distribution, Mw\/Mn, greater than 1.3; (2) at least one molecular fraction which elutes between 40° C. and 130° C. when fractionated using TREF, characterized in that the fraction has a block index of at least 0.5 and up to 1; (3) an Mw\/Mn from 1.7 to 3.5, at least one melting point, Tm, in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in grams\/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Tm and d correspond to the relationship: Tm>−2002.9+4538.5(d)-2422.2(d)2; (4) an Mw\/Mn from 1.7 to 3.5, and is characterized by a heat of fusion, ΔH in J\/g, and a delta quantity, ΔT, in degrees Celsius, defined as the temperature difference between the tallest DSC peak and the tallest CRYSTAF peak, wherein the numerical values of ΔT and ΔH have the following relationships: ΔT>−0.1299(ΔH)+62.81 for ΔH greater than zero and up to 130 J\/g, ΔT≧48° C. for ΔH greater than 130 J\/g, wherein the CRYSTAF peak is determined using at least 5 percent of the cumulative polymer, and if less than 5 percent of the polymer has an identifiable CRYSTAF peak, then the CRYSTAF temperature is 30° C.; (5) an elastic recovery, Re, in percent at 300 percent strain and 1 cycle measured with a compression-molded film of the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer, and has a density, d, in grams\/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Re and d satisfy the following relationship when ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer is substantially free of a cross-linked phase: Re>1481-1629(d); (6) a molecular fraction which elutes between 40° C. and 130° C. when fractionated using TREF, characterized in that the fraction has a molar comonomer content of at least 5 percent higher than that of a comparable random ethylene interpolymer fraction eluting between the same temperatures, wherein said comparable random ethylene interpolymer has the same comonomer(s) and has a melt index, density, and molar comonomer content (based on the whole polymer) within 10 percent of that of the ethylene\/α-olefin interpolymer; or (7) a storage modulus at 25° C., G′(25° C.), and a storage modulus at 100° C., G′(100° C.), wherein the ratio of G′(25° C.) to G′(100° C.) is in the range of 1:1 to 9:1.","label":"Construct","id":373}
{"sentence":"Solid catalyst with core-shell catalytic phase and a method of preparation thereofThe present invention relates to a sold catalyst for manufacturing of a nitrile compound and a method of preparation thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to the solid catalyst expressed by the following formula (1): BiaAaBbQqOx][(100-z) % DdEeFefNigMomOy+z % SiO2] comprising a core catalytic phase expressed by [(100-z) %=DdEeFefNigMomOy+z % SiO2] and a shell catalytic phase expressed by [BinAaBbQqOx], which increases a yield in the manufacturing of a nitrile compound via ammoxidation of olefin, and the method of preparation thereof.1. A solid catalyst comprising a core and shell catalytic phase for use in the manufacturing of a nitrile compound, wherein the solid catalyst is expressed by the following formula (1): [BinAaBbCcOx][(100-z)% DdEeFerNigMomOy+z % SiO2]  (1) wherein: A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of boron, phosphorus, molybdenum and arsenic; B is one or more elements having the atomic valence of 1-2 selected from the group consisting of potassium, cesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and magnesium; C is one or more elements having the atomic valence of 3-6 selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, cerium, niobium, vanadium and tellurium; D is one or more elements having the atomic valence of 3-6 selected from the group consisting of aluminum, cerium and chromium; E is one or more elements having the atomic valence of 1-2 selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, calcium, copper and cesium; when m is 1, n is 0.001-3, a is 0.001-3, b is 0-3, c is 0-1, d is 0-3, e is 0-3, f is 0.01-5, g is 0.01-5, and z is 0-90; and x and y are numbers such that the valence requirements of the other elements for oxygen in the core and shell catalytic phase, respectively are satisfied.","label":"Catalyst","id":374}
{"sentence":"Method of producing porous shaped bodies, porous shaped bodies, porous sintered bodies, porous bodies of inorganic materials and composite membersThe aggregation and phase separation of inorganic particles are performed in a sol containing the inorganic particles and a solvent to produce a porous body having open pores. Preferably, the inorganic particles are particles of one or more inorganic material selected from the group consisting of titania, silica, alumina, zinc oxide and zirconia. Further, the sol may have strong acidity and the pH of the sol is elevated to perform the aggregation and phase separation of the inorganic particles. Alternatively, the sol may have strong basicity and the pH of the sol is lowered to perform the aggregation and phase separation of the inorganic particles. The present invention provides a novel method of producing a porous body and sintered body having co-continuous structure, applicable to a wide variety of inorganic materials.1 . A method of producing a porous body comprising open pores; said method comprising the step of: performing aggregation and phase separation of inorganic particles in a sol comprising said inorganic particles and a solvent.","label":"Catalyst","id":375}
{"sentence":"FLEXIBLE COHERENT INSULATING STRUCTURESEmbodiments of the present invention involve an insulating structure comprising; at least one fibrous layer comprising a continuous matrix of an aerogel material infused therein, said at least one fibrous layer secured with an adhesive to a polymeric sheet. In some embodiments the structure may comprise a coating on at least one side of the fibrous layer. In some embodiments more than one side of the fibrous layer is secured with an adhesive to a polymeric sheet. Methods for preparing these structures are also described.1 . An insulating structure comprising; at least one fibrous layer comprising a continuous matrix of an aerogel material infused therein, said at least one fibrous layer secured with an adhesive to a polymeric sheet wherein the polymeric sheet is adhered to the fibrous batting before the aerogel material is infused.","label":"IndustConst","id":376}
{"sentence":"Apparatus and method for manufacturing and packaging of high performance thermal insulator aerogelsIn various embodiments, novel methods of fabricating and\/or packaging aerogels are provided.1. A method of manufacturing an aerogel, said method comprising: a) providing a supercritical drying vessel containing an aerogel precursor comprising a silicon alkoxide, an alcohol and a catalyst, where drying vessel comprises one or more vents and\/or valves that permit fluid flow out of said chamber and wherein said vessel comprises a port in communication with a vacuum source; b) supercritical drying said aerogel precursor by heating said vessel while allowing the pressure in said vessel to increase until a supercritical temperature and pressure is reached and maintaining said supercritical temperature and pressure for a period sufficient to dry the aerogel; c) returning the vessel to atmospheric pressure, and optionally to room temperature; d) maintaining the heating of vessel or reheating said vessel if it has been returned to room temperature, and applying a vacuum to said port in communication with a vacuum source to degas remaining water in said aerogel and provide a dry aerogel; and e) returning said dry aerogel to room temperature and pressure.","label":"IndustConst","id":377}
{"sentence":"Azole silane compound, surface treatment solution, surface treatment method, and use thereofObjects are to provide a novel azole silane compound, a synthesis method thereof, and a silane coupling agent containing the azole silane compound as a component, and to provide a surface treatment solution using the azole silane compound, a surface treatment method, and a bonding method of two materials different in the quality of material. The azole silane compound of the present invention is a compound represented by the specific chemical formula (I-1) or (II-1).1. An azole silane compound represented by the following chemical formula (I-1) or (II-1): (in formula (I-1), X represents a hydrogen atom, —CH3, —NH2, —SH, or —SCH3; Y represents —NH—; R represents —CH3 or —CH2CH3; and m represents an integer of from 1 to 12); [Chem. 2] A1-S—S-A1  (II-1) (in formula (II-1), A1 represents Z1 represents —CO—NH—(CH2)m—Si(OR)3; R represents —CH3 or —CH2CH3; and m represents an integer of from 1 to 12).","label":"Automobile","id":378}
{"sentence":"TetramerizationA new P—N—P ligand is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium and ii) an activator such as methylalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of hexenes and octenes. The hexenes and octenes produced with this ligand contain very low levels of internal olefins when produced under preferred reaction conditions.1. A ligand defined by: wherein each of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 is a phenyl group bonded to a phosphorus atom, with the provisos that i) at least one of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 is ortho substituted with a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine and chlorine; ii) at least one of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 does not have any substituents in ortho positions; and iii) R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-20 hydrocarbyl and silyl.","label":"Catalyst","id":379}
{"sentence":"Uniform initiation of anionic polymerization using organo-substituted alkali metal initiatorsThe present invention is an improvement in a method of anionically polymerizing monomers by contacting them with an anionic polymerization initiator which is an organo-substituted alkali metal compound in the presence of low amounts of an accelerator\/promoter and\/or a highly active microstructure modifier. The improvement comprises adding from 0.1 to 1.0 equivalents of a metal alkyl compound per equivalent of alkali metal initiator wherein alkyl groups of the metal alkyl compound are chosen so that they will not exchange with the organo substituents of the alkali metal compound. The preferred initiator for use herein is the sec-butyl lithium adduct of diisopropenyl benzene and the preferred metal alkyl is triethyl aluminum.1 . A living anionically polymerized polymer prepared by the process of contacting the monomers with a di-functional anionic polymerization initiator which is an organo-substituted alkali metal compound wherein a metal alkyl compound is added in an amount from 0.1 to 1.0 equivalents of the metal alkyl compound per equivalent of the alkali metal compound wherein alkyl groups of the metal alkyl compound are chosen so that they will not exchange with the organo substituents of the alkali metal compound and wherein the organo substitution of the alkali metal compound is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, or alkyl-substituted aromatic.","label":"Automobile","id":380}
{"sentence":"Catalytic vapor phase oxidation reactor apparatusA catalytic vapor phase oxidation reactor which comprises a fixed-bed shell and tube heat exchange apparatus in which a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes filled with at least one type of oxidizing catalyst are disposed in a shell and these tubes are passed through the apertures formed in at least one perforated shield plate to partition the inside of the shell into at least two heat transfer medium feed zones and in such a manner that each of the tubes passing through the perforated shield plate is not in direct contaction with the shield plate but the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the aperture are spaced apart by a distance of between 0.2-5 mm, supplying feed gas to the tubes of the reactor, and conducting exothermic catalytic vapor phase oxidation while controlling the temperatures for the heat transfer medium in each of the zones so that the temperature difference between each of the zones can be maintained between 0°-100° C.1. A fixed-bed shell and tube heat exchange type reactor for use in exothermic catalytic vapor phase oxidation, comprising: a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes filled with at least one type of oxidizing catalyst disposed in said shell, said tubes being passed through apertures provided in at least one perforated shield plate to partition the inside of said shell into at least two heat transfer medium feed zones in such a manner that each of said tubes passing through said perforated shield plate is not in direct contact with said shield plate, the outer surface of said tube and the inner surface of the apertures provided in said shield plate are spaced apart by a distance of between 0.2-5 mm.","label":"Process","id":381}
{"sentence":"Production of terephthalate esters by degradative transesterification of scrap or virgin terephthalate polyestersA process for the production of terephthalate esters having the following general formula (I). Substituents R and R' are the same or different and represent a straight chain or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms. The process comprises reacting a terephthalate polyester with a high molecular weight alcohol or mixture of high molecular weight alcohols in the presence of a catalyst and recovering the desired compound according to formula (I). This process is particularly useful for recycling scrap terephthalate polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.1. A process for producing a compound having the following formula (I): wherein R and R's are the same or different and represent a straight chain or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, said process comprising, reacting a terephthalate polyester with an alcohol or mixture of alcohols having from six to 15 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst and recovering the compound according to formula (I).","label":"HouseConst","id":382}
{"sentence":"Process for preparing organically modified aerogels in which the salts formed are precipitated outThe present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organically modified aerogels, comprising a) the preparation of a silicic acid sol having a pH of ≤4.0 from an aqueous water glass solution, with the aid of at least one organic and\/or inorganic acid; b) polycondensation of the resulting silicic acid sol to a SiO2gel by the addition of a base; c) washing the gel obtained in Step b) with an organic solvent until the water content of the gel is ≤5% by weight; d) surface-silylating the gel obtained in Step c), and e) drying the surface-silylated gel obtained in Step d), characterized in that at least one acid forms difficultly soluble salts with the cations of the water glass in the silicic acid sol, and that before Step b) the resulting difficultly soluble salts are extensively precipitated and separated from the silicic acid sol.1. Process for the preparation of modified aerogels, consisting of, a) preparing a silicic acid sol having a pH of ≤4.0 from an aqueous water glass solution, with the aid of at least one organic and\/or inorganic acid, optionally adding IR opacifying agents and\/or fibers to the sol; b) polycondensing the resulting silicic acid sol to a SiO2gel by the addition of a base, optionally followed by aging the gel; c) washing the gel obtained in Step b) with an organic solvent until the water content of the gel is ≤5% by weight; d) surface-silylating the gel obtained in Step c); and e) drying the surface-silylated gel obtained in Step d), characterized in that the salts formed from the acid and the cations of the water glass are extensively precipitated before Step b) at temperatures of 0 to 30° C. and separated from the silicic acid sol.","label":"IndustConst","id":383}
{"sentence":"Mixed polymer superabsorbent fibersA mixed polymer composite fiber including a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a galactomannan polymer or glucomannan polymer.1. A mixed polymer composite fiber, comprising a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a galactomannan polymer or a glucomannan polymer and a plurality of non-permanent intra-fiber metal crosslinks.","label":"Household","id":384}
{"sentence":"Carbon fiber material, carbon fiber material manufacturing method, and material containing the carbon fiber materialThe object of the present invention is to provide carbon fiber material having high electrical conductivity at a low cost. A manufacturing method of carbon fiber material comprises a dispersion liquid preparation step, a centrifugal spinning step and a denaturation step. The dispersion liquid preparation step is a step in which dispersion liquid containing resin and carbon particles is prepared. The centrifugal spinning step is a step in which nonwoven fabric made of a carbon fiber precursor is formed from the dispersion liquid. The denaturation step is a step in which the carbon fiber precursor denatures into carbon fiber.1. A method of manufacturing a carbon fiber material, the method comprising: centrifugally spinning a dispersion liquid comprising a resin, carbon particles, and a solvent, to obtain a nonwoven fabric comprising a carbon fiber precursor; and denaturing the nonwoven fiber comprising the carbon fiber precursor, to obtain a nonwoven fabric comprising carbon fiber having a large diameter part extending a first length and a second smaller diameter part extending a second length.","label":"Household","id":385}
{"sentence":"Coated superabsorbent polymer particles and processes thereforeSuperabsorbent material, comprising first superabsorbent polymers, coated with second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers, said second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers being obtainable by the step of polymerization of a solution\/dispersion of polymerizable compounds and clay particles, to obtain said second superabsorbent polymers, crosslinked by said clay particles, of a weight average largest particle dimension of less than 800 nm.1. A Process for making a superabsorbent material, comprising first superabsorbent polymers, coated with second superabsorbent polymers, the second superabsorbent polymers being crosslinked by clay particles, said clay particles having a weight average largest particle dimension of less than 800 nm and\/or being individual clay particles, said process comprising: a) providing said first superabsorbent polymers in solid form; b) providing a dispersion\/solution of said polymerizable compounds and of said clay particles in a liquid, whereby said polymerizable compounds have a charged group, and said resulting polymers have a charged group; c) applying said dispersion\/solution(s) of step b) on said particles of step a), thereby i) polymerizing said compounds, to form polymers, and simultaneously crosslinking said polymers with said clay particles, to form said second clay-crosslinked superabsorbent polymers, and ii) forming a coating of said compounds and said clay, and\/or second clay-crosslinked polymers on said particles of a); and d) drying the resulting coated material of step c), to obtain said coated superabsorbent polymers; e) whereby said polymerizable compounds have an ester and\/or amide group(s), and whereby in said step c) polyester polymers and\/or polyamide polymers are formed and whereby said process comprises the step of, after polymerization, hydrolysis of said polyester polymers and\/or polyamide polymers to obtain anionic polycarboxylate polymers, cross-linked by said clay particles, said hydrolysis step being done subsequently to said coating step c).","label":"Household","id":386}
{"sentence":"Peroxide treated metallocene-based polyolefins with improved melt strengthDisclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers having low densities and narrow molecular weight distributions, but high melt strengths for blown film processing. Such polymers can be produced by peroxide-treating a metallocene-catalyzed resin.1. An ethylene polymer having a ratio of Mw\/Mn of less than or equal to about 5, a ratio of Mz\/Mw of less than or equal to about 2.3, a zero-shear viscosity at 190° C. of greater than or equal to about 8×104Pa-sec, a peak melting point in a range from about 100 to about 120° C., a vicat softening temperature in a range from about 95 to about 110° C., and a difference between the peak melting point and the vicat softening temperature of less than or equal to about 16° C.","label":"HouseConst","id":387}
{"sentence":"Process for incorporating substances into polymeric materials in a controllable mannerA method for controlling the molecular weight and other properties of a polymer by permeating it with a small molecule while the polymer is in the solid state and optionally subjecting the polymer plus permeant blend to a melt processing operation. The polymer is optionally in a molecularly disentangled state.1 .) A method for controlling the molecular weight of a polymer by permeating the polymer with a permeant while the polymer has a degree of entanglement greater than about 2% and is in the solid state, and subjecting the polymer plus permeant blend to a melt processing operation.","label":"Construct","id":388}
{"sentence":"Absorbent members for body fluids having good wet integrity and relatively high concentrations of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymerAbsorbent members useful in the containment of body fluids such as urine, that have at least one region containing hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a concentration of from about 60 to 100% by weight and providing a gel-continuous fluid transportation zone when in a swollen state. This hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer has: (a) a Saline Flow Conductivity (SFC) value of at least about 30×10-7cm3sec\/g; (b) a Performance under Pressure (PUP) capacity value of at least about 23 g\/g under a confining pressure of 0.7 psi (5 kPa); and (c) a basis weight of at least about 10 gsm. In addition, the region where this hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is present has, even when subjected to normal use conditions, sufficient wet integrity such that the gel-continuous zone substantially maintains its ability to acquire and transport body fluids through the gel-continuous zone.1. An absorbent member for the containment of aqueous body fluids, which comprises at least one region comprising hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a concentration of from about 60 to 100% by weight, said hydrogel-forming polymer providing a gel continuous fluid transportation zone when in a swollen state and having: (a) Saline Flow Conductivity (SFC) value of at least about 30×10-7cm3sec\/g; (b) a Performance under Pressure (PUP) capacity value of at least about 23 g\/g under a confining pressure of 0.7 psi (5 kPa); (c) a basis weight of at least about 50 gsm; said region having sufficient wet integrity such that said gel continuous zone substantially maintains its ability to acquire and transport said body fluids through said gel continuous zone.","label":"Household","id":389}
{"sentence":"Method for producing modified conjugated diene polymer, modified conjugated diene polymer, polymer composition, crosslinked polymer, and tireA modified conjugated diene-based polymer is produced that is a modified product of a conjugated diene-based polymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound, or polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, in the presence of an alkali metal compound or an alkaline-earth metal compound. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer is produced by a production method that includes a main chain modification step that reacts at least either an unsaturated bond or a functional group that is included in a terminal-modified polymer and is not situated at a terminal of the terminal-modified polymer, with a specific compound that includes a functional group that interacts with silica, the terminal-modified polymer being obtained by introducing a functional group that interacts with silica into at least one terminal of the conjugated diene-based polymer.1. A method for producing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer, wherein the modified conjugated diene-based polymer is a modified product of a conjugated diene-based polymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound, or by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, in the presence of an alkali metal compound or an alkaline-earth metal compound, the method comprising: performing a terminal modification that reacts an active terminal of the conjugated diene-based polymer with a compound (A1) comprising a functional group that interacts with silica to obtain the terminal-modified polymer, wherein the compound (A1) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (I) a compound (a-1) of formula (1), (II) a compound (a-2) comprising a functional group (x1)and a group (x2) in its molecule, the functional group (x1) being at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether group and a (thio)carbonyl group, and the group (x2) comprising at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, and not comprising active hydrogen, the group (x2) differing from the functional group (x1), and (III) a compound (a-3) comprising two or more iso (thio)cyanate groups in its molecule, wherein A1is a monovalent functional group comprising at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, and a sulfur atom, and does not comprise active hydrogen, the monovalent functional group being bonded to R3through a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, or a sulfur atom, R1and R2are each independently a hydrocarbyl group, R3is a hydrocarbylene group, and n is an integer from 0 to 2, provided that a lurality of R1are either identical or different when a plurality of R1are present, and a plurality of R2are either identical or different when a plurality of R2are present; and modifying a main chain of the terminal-modified polymer by reacting at least either an unsaturated bond or a functional group that is comprised in the terminal-modified polymer and is not situated at a terminal of the terminal-modified polymer, with a specific compound that comprises a functional group that interacts with silica, wherein the specific compound is a polymer (P) comprising a repeating unit (p), the repeating unit (p) comprising at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a phosphorus atom, and a sulfur atom.","label":"Automobile","id":390}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition containing organofunctional silaneA rubber composition containing a rubber component, a filler and at least one organofunctional silane and\/or mixture of organofunctional silanes in which individual silanes possess both free and blocked mercaptan functionality or particular mixtures of the organofunctional silanes possess both free and blocked mercaptan functionality. The organofunctional silanes and silane mixtures are useful, inter alia, as coupling agents for elastomeric compositions, e.g., rubber formulations employed in the manufacture of tires, where they exhibit a desirable balance of low scorch and good performance properties.1. A rubber composition comprising (a) at least one rubber component, (b) at least one particulate filler and (c) at least one organofunctional silane selected from the group consisting of: [[[(ROC(═O))p-(G1)j]k-Y—S]r-G2-(SiXuZbvZcw)s]m[(HS)r-G2-(SiXuZbvZcw)s]n  (10) and [[(XvZbvZcwSi)q-G2]a-[Y-[S-G2-SiXuZbvZcw]b]c]m[(HS)r-G2-(SiXuZbvZcw)s]n  (11) wherein: each occurrence of Y is independently selected from a polyvalent species (Q)zA(═E), wherein the atom (A) attached to an unsaturated heteroatom (E) is attached to a sulfur, which in turn is linked by means of a group G2to a silicon atom; each occurrence of R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, straight, cyclic or branched alkyl that may or may not contain unsaturation, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and aralkyl groups, wherein each R, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; each occurrence of G1is independently selected from the group consisting of monovalent and polyvalent groups derived by substitution of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl wherein G1can have from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, with the proviso that if G1is univalent, G1can be hydrogen; each occurrence of G2is independently selected from the group consisting of divalent or polyvalent group derived by substitution of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl wherein G2can have from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; each occurrence of X is independently selected from the group consisting of —Cl, —Br, RO—, RC(═O)O—, R2C═NO—, R2NO—, R2N—, —R, HO(R0CR0)fO—, wherein each R is as above and each occurrence of R0is independently given by one of the members listed above for R; each occurrence of Zb, which forms a bridging structure between two silicon atoms, is independently selected from the group consisting of (—O—)0.5, and [—O(R0CR0)fO—]0.5, wherein each occurrence of R0is independently given by one of the members listed above for R; each occurrence of Zc, which forms a cyclic structure with a silicon atom, is independently given by —O(R0CR0)fO— wherein each occurrence of R0is independently given by one of the members listed above for R; each occurrence of Q is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and (—NR—); each occurrence of A is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and sulfonyl; each occurrence of E is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and (—NR—); each occurrence of the subscripts, a, b, c, f, j, k, m, n, p, q, r, s, u, v, w, and z is independently given by a is 0 to about 7; b is 1 to about 3; c is 1 to about 6; f is about 2 to about 15, j is 0 to about 1, but j may be 0 only if p is 1; k is 1 to 2, with the provisos that if A is carbon, sulfur, or sulfonyl, then (i) a+b=2 and (ii) k=1; if A is phosphorus, then a+b=3 unless both (i) c>1 and (ii) b=1, in which case a=c+1; and if A is phosphorus, then k is 2; m is 1 to about 20, n is 1 to about 20, p is 0 to 5, q is 0 to 6; r is 1 to 3; s is 1 to 3; u is 0 to 3; v is 0 to 3; w is 0 to 1 with the proviso that u+v+2w=3; z is 0 to about 3; and with the proviso that the each of the above structures contains at least one hydrolysable group, Zbor Zc, that is a difunctional alkoxy group.","label":"Automobile","id":391}
{"sentence":"Absorbent cores for absorbent diapers having reduced thickness and improved liquid handling and retention performance and comprising a super absorbent polymerThe present invention relates to absorbent cores for absorbent articles, which are intended to receive and retain bodily discharges such as urine. Such articles are disposable hygiene articles like baby diapers, training pants, adult incontinence articles, feminine care articles and the like. The improvement essentially is based on the recognition that replacing most or all of the cushioning fibrous absorbent material in an absorbent core by a liquid storage material capable of retaining liquid while maintaining or improving acquisition behavior is desirable as the reduction in cushioning is more than compensated by the gain in comfort. The comfort however can only be achieved if the more fundamental requirements of a diaper in respect to liquid handling are satisfied or improved. Especially if this liquid handling performance is improved beyond the performance of conventional absorbent structures in order to allow creation of thinner and drier absorbent articles, the users of such articles would experience them as providing a more than expected comfort improvement relative to the thinness gain. To provide such absorbent cores and articles made therewith only became possible with the development of new highly absorbent gel materials capable of acquiring, conducting, and storing liquids in here-to-fore unexpected perfection at super absorbent polymer concentrations, which are unknown today. The second aspect allowing this breakthrough development is the ability to maintain the comfort and performance of such high super absorbent polymer concentration articles during the full usage cycle of the article, from dry to fully loaded, especially by improving the ability of the cores to withstand the forces experienced by such articles during use. This ability to remain intact is also often referred to as wet integrity of the core and its improvement is an important objective of the present invention.1. A disposable absorbent article comprising an absorbent core, the absorbent core comprising: a. a super absorbent polymer, the super absorbent polymer being in the form of particles; and b. a nitrogenous polymer comprising from 5 to 17 mol\/kg, based on the total weight of the nitrogenous polymer, of protonatable nitrogen atoms.","label":"Household","id":392}
{"sentence":"Surface crosslinked and surfactant coated absorbent resin particles and method of preparationThe invention is surface crosslinked particles of water absorbing resin comprising particles of a carboxyl containing water-absorbent resin; wherein the particles of the carboxyl containing water-absorbent resin are crosslinked at or near the particle surface by a polyhydroxy compound capable of reacting with the carboxyl moieties of the water-absorbent resin, and the particles have coated on or bound to the surface a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of from 3 to 10. Additionally a process for the preparation of such surface crosslinked and surfactant coated absorbent resin particles is disclosed. Further disclosed is a water-absorbent structure comprising a synthetic or natural fiber or paper based woven or nonwoven carrier structure and surface crosslinked and surfactant coated water-absorbent resin particles of this invention.1. Surface crosslinked particles of water-absorbent resin comprising a crosslinked carboxyl containing, solution polymerized, water-absorbent resin wherein the resin comprises a polymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid in which from about 50 to about 99 percent of the carboxyl moieties are neutralized; wherein the crosslinked carboxyl containing water-absorbent resin is crosslinked at or near the particle surface by a nonionic surfactant which is a polyethoxylated sorbitol-lanolin derivative having an HLB of from 3 to 10, in the presence of from about 0.01 to about 10 parts by weight of a polyhydroxy compound based on 100 parts of the water-absorbent resin, the polyhydroxy compound being capable of reacting with the carboxyl moieties which is glycerol or sorbitol and the water-absorbent resin particles have coated or bound on their surface from about 0.01 to about 2.0 parts by weight of the surfactant based on 100 parts of the water-absorbent resin the nonionic surfactant.","label":"Household","id":393}
{"sentence":"Peroxide treated metallocene-based polyolefins with improved melt strengthDisclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers having low densities and narrow molecular weight distributions, but high melt strengths for blown film processing. Such polymers can be produced by peroxide-treating a metallocene-catalyzed resin.1. A method of making a film comprising an ethylene polymer, the method comprising: (i) providing an ethylene polymer having a ratio of Mw\/Mn of less than or equal to about 5, a ratio of Mz\/Mw of less than or equal to about 2.3, and a zero-shear viscosity at 190° C. of greater than or equal to about 1×105Pa-sec; wherein the ethylene polymer is further characterized by a peak melting point in a range from about 100 to about 120° C., a vicat softening temperature in a range from about 95 to about 110° C., and a difference between the peak melting point and the vicat softening temperature of less than or equal to about 16° C.; and (ii) melt processing the ethylene polymer through a film die to form the film.","label":"HouseConst","id":394}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbing resin compoundThe object of the present invention is to provide a water-absorbing resin compound, wherein the water-absorbing resin compound can retain antibacterial properties of an antibacterial metal to suppress the emission of unpleasant odors even when an organic material exists in a system in the case of using an eluting-type antibacterial agent. Thus, the present invention relates to a water-absorbing resin compound, which comprises a water-absorbing resin, an antibacterial agent having a porous material incorporating an antibacterial metal, and a metal chelating agent. Further, the present invention also relates to an absorbing material, which comprises a water-absorbing resin compound of the present invention, and a hydrophilic fiber as well as an absorbing product, which comprises a liquid-permeable sheet and a liquid-non-permeable sheet, and an absorbing material comprising a water-absorbing resin compound of the present invention, and a hydrophilic fiber between the liquid-permeable sheet and the liquid-non-permeable sheet.1. A water-absorbing resin compound, which is a mixture of a water-absorbing resin, an antibacterial agent comprising a porous material incorporating an antibacterial metal, and a metal chelating agent, wherein the water-absorbing resin consists of a cross-linked polymer of an acrylic acid salt; wherein the antibacterial agent is a silver-zeolite antibacterial agent, wherein the content of the antibacterial metal incorporated in antibacterial agent is 0.1- 1 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the porous material.","label":"Household","id":395}
{"sentence":"Method for treating alkanesMethods are disclosed for converting propane and higher alkanes to their corresponding alcohols through a multi-step process with olefin as an intermediate. Methods are also disclosed for facilitating the transportation, purification or other treatment of propylene and higher olefins using a chemical conversion to the corresponding alcohol and reconversion to olefin. Methods are also disclosed for converting propane and higher alkanes to olefins using the corresponding alcohol as a temporary intermediate to minimize purification, transportation and\/or other treatment costs.1. A method for the production of alcohols having three or more carbon atoms from corresponding alkanes comprising: a) converting at least a portion of a reactant stream comprising propane and\/or one or more longer-chain alkanes to an intermediate product stream comprising one or more corresponding olefins through a catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction; and b) converting at least a portion of the intermediate product stream comprising one or more corresponding olefins to a product stream comprising one or more corresponding alcohols through an indirect catalytic hydration reaction.","label":"Catalyst","id":396}
{"sentence":"Copolymers and films thereofCopolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin having (a) a density in the range 0.900-0.940 g\/cm3, (b) a melt index MI2 (2.16 kg, 190° C.) in the range of 0.01-50 g\/10 min, (c) a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range 3.5 to 4.5, and (d) a melt elastic modulus G′(G″=500 Pa) in the range 40 to 150 Pa. The copolymer has a melt index MI2 (2.16 kg, 190° C.) Dow Rheology Index (DRI) and melt elastic modulus G′(G″=500 Pa) satisfying the equations of [DRI\/MI2]>0 and [DRI\/MI2]<0.0225G′−0.745.1. A copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin, said copolymer having (a) a density in the range 0.900-0.940 g\/cm3, (b) a melt index MI2 (2.16 kg, 190° C.) in the range of 0.01-50 g\/10 min, (c) a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range 3.5 to 4.5, (d) a melt elastic modulus G′(G″=500 Pa) in the range 40 to 150 Pa, and (e) a melt index MI2 (2.16 kg, 190° C.) Dow Rheology Index (DRI) and melt elastic modulus G′(G″=500 Pa) satisfying the equations of [DRI\/MI2]>0 and [DRI\/MI2]<0.0225G′−0.745.","label":"HouseConst","id":397}
{"sentence":"Initiators for the copolymerisation of diene monomers and vinyl aromatic monomersThe invention relates to the use of an alkali metal salt derivative of a specific vinyl aromatic monomer, as an initiator for the copolymerisation of i) one or more conjugated diene monomers and ii) one or more vinyl aromatic monomers. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a copolymer component comprising coupled copolymer and terminally modified copolymer, and to the copolymer component. Also, the invention relates to a method for preparing a rubber, and to the rubber. Moreover, the invention relates to a rubber composition comprising the rubber. Finally, the invention relates to a tire component comprising the rubber, and to a tire comprising the tire component.1. A method of polymerization comprising copolymerizing (i) one or more conjugated diene monomers and (ii) one or more vinyl aromatic monomers with an initiator of an alkali metal salt derivative of a vinyl aromatic monomer having general formula (A) wherein the alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium, and potassium; and R is selected from groups of formula (B) and (C): wherein x is an integer of from 1 to 10; n is an integer of from 2 to 10; R1and R2groups within a repeat unit and in different repeat units are independently selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R3and R4are independently selected from alkyl groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, allyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkyloxy groups having the structural formula —(CH2)y—O—(CH2)z—CH3, wherein y is an integer of from 1 to 10 and z is an integer of from 1 to 10.","label":"Automobile","id":398}
{"sentence":"Calcium oxide modified zinc ferrite oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts and useImproved oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts are prepared by modifying zinc ferrite oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts with calcium oxide. The resulting catalysts exhibit reduced carbonyl compound production when used in oxidative dehydrogenation.1. A novel catalyst composition suitable for oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds in the presence of molecular oxygen consisting essentially of a zinc ferrite composition having the empirical formula [Equation] ZnxFeyOz wherein x is from about 0.1 to about 2, y is from 0.3 to about 12, and z is from about 3 to about 18 and additionally containing free calcium oxide as a suppressor of carbonyl compounds in a carbonyl suppressing amount.","label":"Catalyst","id":399}
{"sentence":"N,N'-alkenylene amine\/mercaptotolylimidazole blends as high temperature antioxidants for elastomersElastomers are very effectively stabilized against thermal and oxidative degradation at elevated temperatures with a blend of an N,N,N',N'-tetrasubstituted 1,4-diamino-2-butene, where the substituents are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or mixtures thereof, in combination with a mercaptoimidazole of formula IV where E is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or phenylalkyl.1. An elastomer composition stabilized against the deleterious effects of heat or oxygen which comprises (a) an elastomer, and (b) an effective stabilizing amount of a blend of (i) an amine of formula I, II or III wherein R1,R2,R3and R4are independently a linear or branched alkyl of 8 to 30 carbon atoms; alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms; or alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms terminated with --OR5,--NR6R7,--SR8,--COOR9or --CONR10R11,where R5,R6R7,R8and R9are independently alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and R10and R11are independently hydrogen or the same meaning as R5; or alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO2--, --CO--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CONR12--, -- NR12CO-- or --NR13-- where R12and R13have the same meaning as R10; or R1,R2,R3and R4are independently cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms; or alkenyl of 3 to 20 carbon atoms; E1is aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms or said aralkyl substituted on the aryl ring by one to three groups selected from alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, --CN, --NO2,halogen, --OR5,--NR6R7,--SR8,--COOR9or --CONR10R11,where R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10and R11are as defined above, E2,E3and E4are independently a linear or branched alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms; or alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms terminated with --CN, --OR5,--NR6R7,--SR8,--COOR9or --CONR10R11,where R5,R6R7,R8and R9are independently alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and R10and R11are independently hydrogen or the same meaning as R5; or alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO2--, --CO--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CONR12--, --NR12 CO-- or --NR13-- where R12and R13have the same meaning as R10; or E2,E3and E4are independently cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms or said aralkyl substituted on the aryl ring by one to three groups selected from alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, --CN, --NO2,halogen, --OR5,--NR6R7,--SR8,--COOR9or --CONR10R11,where R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10and R11are as defined above, or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or said aryl substituted by one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and T1,T2,T3and T4are independently aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or said aryl substituted by one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and (ii) a mercaptoimididazole of formula IV where E is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by --COOG where G is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 9 carbon atoms; where the weight ratio of component (i) to component (ii) in the blend is from 90:10 to 10:90.","label":"Automobile","id":400}
{"sentence":"Apparatus for producing methacrylic polymer and production method thereofDisclosed is an apparatus for producing a high-quality methacrylic polymer with good productivity, comprising a complete mixing type reactor 11 , tubular reactors 12 and 13 which have been serially connected, and a volatile removing instrument 14 , wherein at least two of the tubular reactors 12 and 13 are connected via a cooler 15 for cooling the reaction mixture. It is preferable that the cooler 15 is a multitubular cooler and the tubular reactors 12 and 13 are plug flow reactors.1. An apparatus for producing a methacrylic polymer, the apparatus comprising: a complete mixing type reactor, a cooler for cooling a reaction solution, tubular reactors which have been serially connected, and a volatile removing instrument, wherein the cooler is equipped between at least two of the tubular reactors.","label":"Household","id":401}
{"sentence":"Energy efficient and insulated building envelopesThe present invention provides several methods and materials for use in building construction that may require air and water barrier, and water vapor permeability along with thermal or acoustic insulation. Several embodiments provide materials for a variety of building construction needs that can help build next generation green buildings.1. A material comprising a component permeable to water vapor and substantially impervious to water, in a sheet or substantially planar form comprising essentially two planar surfaces wherein one surface is attached to a monolithic aerogel.","label":"IndustConst","id":402}
{"sentence":"Terephthalates as plasticizers in vinyl acetate polymer compositionsAn aqueous composition adhesive composition comprising a vinyl acetate polymer and a plasticizer having the general formula:    wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of saturated straight or branched and unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl groups having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.1. An aqueous composition comprising: a) at least one vinyl acetate polymer; and b) di-n-butyl terephthalate.","label":"HouseConst","id":403}
{"sentence":"Polymerization processes using metallocene catalysts, their polymer products and end usesA process for the production of an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer is disclosed, the process including polymerizing ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin by contacting the ethylene and the at least one alpha-olefin with a metallocene catalyst in at least one gas phase reactor at a reactor pressure of from 0.7 to 70 bar and a reactor temperature of from 20° C. to 150° C. to form an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer. The resulting ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer may have a density D of 0.927 g\/cc or less, a melt index (I2) of from 0.1 to 100 dg\/min, a MWD of from 1.5 to 5.0. The resulting ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer may also have a peak melting temperature Tmax second melt satisfying the following relation: Tmax second melt>D*398−245.1. An ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer having: a. a density D of 0.927 g\/cc or less; b. a melt flow index I2, from 0.1 to 80 g\/10 min; c. a molecular weight distribution from 1.5 to 5.0; d. a peak melting temperature Tmax second melt satisfying the following relation: Tmax second melt>D*398−245; e. a T75−T25 value of greater than 20, wherein T25 is the temperature at which 25 mass % of the eluted polymer is obtained and T75 is the temperature at which 75 mass % of the eluted polymer is obtained in a TREF experiment; and f. a M60\/M90 value of greater than 1, wherein M60 is the molecular weight of the polymer fraction that elutes at 60° C. and M90 is the molecular weight of the polymer fraction that elutes at 90° C. in a TREF-LS experiment.","label":"HouseConst","id":404}
{"sentence":"Non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched film, production process therefor and process for obtaining a transparent pattern therewithA non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched self-supporting non-laminated polymeric film, the film comprising linear polyester as a continuous phase and dispersed uniformly therein an amorphous high polymer with a higher glass transition temperature than the glass transition temperature of the continuous phase and\/or a crystalline high polymer having a higher melting point than the glass transition temperature of said continuous phase, wherein said linear polyester consists essentially of aromatic dicarboxylate and aliphatic dimethylene monomer units; the polymeric film has an optical density measured in transmission with a visible filter; and at least 50% of the optical density is due to microvoids; the use of the non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched film as a synthetic paper; an image recording element comprising the non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched film; and a process for obtaining a transparent pattern therewith.1. A non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched self-supporting non-laminated polymeric film, the film comprising linear polyester as a continuous phase and dispersed uniformly therein an amorphous high polymer with a higher glass transition temperature than the glass transition temperature of said continuous phase which is non-crosslinked optionally with a crystalline high polymer having a higher melting point than the glass transition temperature of said continuous phase, wherein said linear polyester consists essentially of aromatic dicarboxylate and aliphatic dimethylene monomer units; said polymeric film has an optical density measured in transmission with a visible filter; and at least 50% of said optical density is due to microvoids.","label":"Automobile","id":405}
{"sentence":"Polymer compositions having improved properties as viscosity index improvers and use thereof in lubricating oilsPolymer compositions for use as viscosity modifiers comprising at least two ethylene-based copolymer components are provided. The polymer composition comprises (a) a first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer and (b) a second ethylene-α-olefin copolymer. The first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (a) has an ethylene content from about 60 to about 80 wt % and the second ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (b) has an ethylene content of less than about 60 wt %. The first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (a) has a Melt Flow Rate Ratio (MFRR), defined as the ratio of the MFR measured at 230° C.\/21.6 kg and at 230° C.\/2.16 kg, of greater than 30 and optionally also has a Melt Flow Rate (MFR) of at least about 1.5 g\/10 min, measured by ASTM D 1238 condition L (230° C.\/2.16 kg). The present disclosure is also directed to lubricant compositions comprising a lubricating basestock and a polymer composition of the present disclosure and is further directed to reducing gelation in the lubricant compositions.1. A polymer composition comprising: (a) a first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer and (b) a second ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, wherein (c) the first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (a) has an ethylene content from about 60 to about 80 wt %; (d) the second ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (b) has an ethylene content of less than about 60 wt %; and (e) the first ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (a) has a Melt Flow Rate Ratio (MFRR), defined as the ratio of the MFR measured at 230° C.\/21.6 kg and at 230° C.\/2.16 kg, of greater than 34 and optionally has a Melt Flow Rate (MFR) of at least about 1.5 g\/10 min measured by ASTM D 1238 condition L (230° C.\/2.16 kg).","label":"HouseConst","id":406}
{"sentence":"SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER HAVING A CAPACITY INCREASEThe present invention relates to a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer and an internal crosslinker agent wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of 2 g\/g or more as set forth herein in the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Test. The present invention further relates to a superabsorbent polymer comprising an internal crosslinker agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or one allyl group attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si—O bond. The present invention further relates to an absorbent article that includes such particulate superabsorbent polymers.57 . A superabsorbent polymer comprising a polymerized monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof, and an internal crosslinker agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond, wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom, wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition is a particulate superabsorbent composition and having a Vortex time of from about 20 to about 180 sec.","label":"Household","id":407}
{"sentence":"Preparation of acrylic acid by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propyleneThe present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid by two-stage heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene, in which the propylene source used is a preceding propane dehydrogenation and in which the first oxidation stage is operated with restricted propylene conversion, and unconverted propane and propylene present in the product gas mixture of the second partial oxidation stage are recycled substantially into the preceding propane dehydrogenation.1. A process for preparing acrylic acid by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene, comprising: a) in a first reaction stage, subjecting propane to a heterogeneously catalyzed dehydrogenation in the presence of and\/or with exclusion of oxygen to obtain a product gas mixture 1 comprising propane and propylene, and b) optionally, removing and\/or converting to other compounds a portion of the constituents, other than propane and propylene, present in the product gas mixture 1formed in the first reaction stage to obtain a product gas mixture 1′ from product gas mixture 1, and c) in a second reaction stage, subjecting product gas mixture 1 and\/or product gas mixture 1′, as a constituent of a starting reaction gas mixture (2-a) which comprises molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, and propylene, wherein the molar ratio of O2:C3H6 is ≧1 and the molar ratio of N2 : O2 ranges from 3 to 6, to a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene present in product gas mixture 1 and\/or product gas mixture 1′ to acrolein in a second reaction stage charged with a fixed catalyst bed (2-b) whose catalysts have at least one multimetal oxide comprising the elements Mo, Fe and Bi as an active composition to obtain a product gas mixture (2-c), and d) optionally, lowering the temperature of the product gas mixture (2-c) leaving the second reaction stage by indirect and\/or direct cooling and optionally, adding molecular oxygen and\/or inert gas to product gas mixture (2-c), and then e) in a third reaction stage, subjecting product gas mixture (2-c), as a starting reaction gas mixture (3-a) which comprises acrolein, molecular oxygen and at least one inert gas and comprises molecular oxygen and acrolein in a molar O2:C3H4O ratio of ≧0.5, to a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of acrolein present in starting reaction gas mixture (3-a) to acrylic acid in a third reaction stage charged with a fixed catalyst bed (3-b) whose catalysts have at least one multimetal oxide comprising the elements Mo and V as an active composition to obtain a product gas mixture (3-c), and f) removing acrylic acid in a separating zone A from product gas mixture (3-c) and recycling at least the unconverted propane and propylene present in product gas mixture (3-c) to an extent of in each case at least 90 mol % based on the particular amount present in product gas mixture (3-c) into at least the first of the three reaction stages, wherein the conversion CPof propylene in the second reaction stage, based on a single pass through it, ranges from 90 to 98 mol %, and the process has at least one separate discharge for constituents other than propane and propene and the content of propane and propene in that discharge is <1% by volume and the conversion CAof acrolein in the third reaction stage, based on a single pass through it, ranges from 99 to 99.9 mol %.","label":"Catalyst","id":408}
{"sentence":"Absorbent articleAn objective of the present invention is to provide an absorbent article exhibiting excellent absorption speed of body fluid and dryness after absorbing body fluid, even in the case of absorbing body fluid repeatedly. The absorbent article of the present invention comprises: a water absorption layer where a water absorbent resin powder meeting the following requirements (a) to (d) is disposed, (a) a bulk density: 0.45 g\/ml to 0.62 g\/ml, (b) an absorption speed measured by a vortex method: 20 seconds to 50 seconds, (c) a liquid passing speed under load: 10 seconds or less, (d) a moisture absorption blocking ratio: 5% or less; and a diffusion layer disposed below the water absorption layer and including a cellulose acetate fiber.1. An absorbent article comprising: a water absorption layer where a water absorbent resin powder meeting the following requirements (a) to (d) is disposed, (a) a bulk density: 0.45 g\/ml to 0.62 g\/ml, (b) an absorption speed measured by a vortex method: 20 seconds to 50 seconds, (c) a liquid passing speed under load: 10 seconds or less, (d) a moisture absorption blocking ratio: 5% or less; and a diffusion layer disposed below the water absorption layer and including a cellulose acetate fiber.","label":"Household","id":409}
{"sentence":"Natural fibers treated with acidic odor control\/binder systemsA fibrous material, which can be an absorbent material, includes a plurality of natural fibers treated with a carboxylic acid-based odor control agent, which are able to withstand insults with an aqueous liquid without dissolving the odor control agent. The acid-based odor control agent is bound to the natural fibers by an organosilicone polymer binder. The binder is water-insoluble, and can form a highly gas permeable coating. The binder is also highly porous, so as to expose the odor control agent to ammonia and other odoriferous gases which it is intended to control.1. A treated fibrous material, comprising: a plurality of natural fibers; an odor control system on the fibers, the odor control system comprising a carboxylic acid-based odor control agent selected from multi-carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, chelating agents, and combinations thereof; and a binder on the fibers, the binder comprising an organosilicone polymer selected from poly(hexamethyldisiloxane), poly(octamethyltrisiloxane), poly(decamethyltetrasiloxane), poly(octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane), poly(octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane), and combinations thereof.","label":"Household","id":410}
{"sentence":"Method for distillative separation of mixtures containing tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone and\/or 1,4-butanediol[00001] In a process for the continuous fractional distillation of mixtures comprising tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone and\/or 1,4-butanediol to give at least three fractions, the fractionation is carried out in an assembly of distillation columns comprising at least one dividing wall column or at least one assembly of thermally coupled conventional distillation columns.1. A process for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture comprising tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone and\/or 1,4-butanediol to give at least three fractions, said fractions comprising a low boiling fraction, an intermediate-boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, wherein the fractional distillation is carried out in an assembly of distillation columns comprising at least one dividing wall column or at least one assembly of thermally coupled distillation columns, each dividing wall column and each assembly of thermally coupled columns comprising a top section (1), an upper feed section (2), an upper offtake section (3), a lower feed section (4), a lower offtake section (5), and a bottom section (6), which sections, during fractional distillation, comprise a stream of downflowing liquid and a stream of vapor, and wherein said assembly of distillation columns comprises at least one distillation block selected from the group consisting of (B1) a distillation block for separating off tetrahydrofuran, (B2) a distillation block for separating off γ-butyrolactone, and (B3) a distillation block for separating off 1,4-butanediol, and the products being isolated in the order (B1) before (B2) before (B3), corresponding to their boiling points.","label":"Process","id":411}
{"sentence":"Modified conjugated diene polymer, and polymer composition containing said polymerThere is disclosed a modified conjugated diene polymer including a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (1), and a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene.    When n is 0, at least two of R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18are substituted amino groups, and at least one is a hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group.1. A modified conjugated diene polymer including a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (1) and a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene wherein in formula (1), α and β represent integers such that 1≤α≤5, 1≤β≤5 and 2≤α+β≤6 are satisfied, n represents 0 or 1, (i) when n is 0, R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18each independently represent a hydrocarbyl group, substituted amino group, hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group, from among R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18, at least two are substituted amino groups and at least one is a hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group, two groups selected from among R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18are optionally bonded either directly or indirectly at positions where a hydrogen atom has been removed from each group, R15represents an (α+β)-valent group resulting from removal of (α+β) hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon, (ii) when n is 1, R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18each independently represent a hydrocarbyl group, substituted amino group, hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group, R14represents: (a) a group resulting from removal of two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon with an amino group or substituted amino group, (b) a group resulting from removal of two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon with a substituent including a heteroatom other than a nitrogen atom, or (c) a hydrocarbylene group, when R14is (a) a group resulting from removal of two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon with an amino group or substituted amino group, from among R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18, at least one is a substituted amino group and at least one is a hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group, when R14is (b) a group resulting from removal of two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon with a substituent including a heteroatom other than a nitrogen atom, or (c) a hydrocarbylene group, from among R11, R12, R13, R16, R17and R18, at least two are substituted amino groups and at least one is a hydroxy group or hydrocarbyloxy group, at least two groups from among R11, R12, R13, R14, R16, R17and R18are optionally bonded either directly or indirectly at positions where a hydrogen atom has been removed from each group, and R15represents an (α+β)-valent group resulting from removal of (α+β) hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon, wherein the modified conjugated diene polymer has a molecular chain which is a conjugated diene polymer including a structural unit derived from the conjugated diene, and the structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (1) is chemically bound to one or both ends of the molecular chain of the modified conjugated diene polymer or is chemically bound as a side chain on the molecular chain of the modified conjugated diene polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":412}
{"sentence":"REFRIGERATION CYCLE DEVICEA refrigeration cycle apparatus operating with standard composition refrigerant that is a zeotropic refrigerant mixture containing at least first refrigerant and second refrigerant having a higher boiling point than the first refrigerant at the same pressure, the refrigeration cycle apparatus including a main circuit in which a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a second heat exchanger are sequentially connected, and a component separation circuit connected to the main circuit, the first refrigerant having a property of disproportionation, the component separation circuit being configured to separate and store, from the main circuit, mixed refrigerant containing the first refrigerant having a higher composition ratio than in the standard composition refrigerant in an operation of a separation-storage mode separating the components of the standard composition refrigerant.1 . A refrigeration cycle apparatus operating with standard composition refrigerant configured as a zeotropic refrigerant mixture containing at least first refrigerant and second refrigerant having a higher boiling point than the first refrigerant at a same pressure, the refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a main circuit in which a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a second heat exchanger are sequentially connected, and a component separation circuit connected to the main circuit, the first refrigerant having a property of disproportionation, the component separation circuit being configured to separate and store, from the main circuit, mixed refrigerant containing the first refrigerant having a higher composition ratio than in the standard composition refrigerant in an operation of a separation-storage mode separating components of the standard composition refrigerant, wherein the separation-storage mode is activated at least when the compressor has a high discharging temperature or a high discharging pressure.","label":"Process","id":413}
{"sentence":"Polyfunctional lithium containing initiatorVery desirable polyfunctional lithium containing polymerization initiators are prepared by reacting an adduct of an organo lithium compound and styrene with an organic compound containing at least two 1,1-diphenylethylene groups in the proportion of about two moles of the adduct to one mole of the organic compound. A difunctional lithium initiator is prepared thereby. The difunctional initiator may be reacted with styrene and subsequently an additional quantity of the diphenylethylene compound which in turn is reacted with the styrene-organo lithium adduct to form a trifunctional initiator. The process can be repeated to obtain an initiator having any desired degree of lithium functionality. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration and preparation of block copolymers.1. A method for the polymerization of vinyl compounds containing at least one vinyl group and particularly vinyl hydrocarbon compounds which are polymerizable in the presence of a lithium containing catalyst, the steps of the method comprising providing a solution of at least one polyfunctional lithium containing polymerization initiating compound containing at least two active lithium atoms, the compound having the formula: wherein R1is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aromatic radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2is a divalent organic radical having at least 6 carbon atoms, R2having at least one aromatic ring and the aromatic ring or rings being directly attached to the carbon atoms which are attached to R3and R4respectively, with the further limitation R2contains carbon and hydrocarbon, and optionally oxygen, and\/or sulfur, oxygen and sulfur when present are present only in a configuration of a diphenyl oxide or diphenyl sulfide; and R3and R4are individually selected from the group consisting of and mixtures thereof, n1,n2and n3have average values of 1 or greater, the solution comprising a major portion of a solvent selected from the group consisting of liquid aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof and a minor proportion of the polyfunctional lithium containing polymerization initiating compound subsequently contacting the resultant solution with at least one lithium polymerizable monomer to cause the polymerization of the monomer to a corresponding polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":414}
{"sentence":"Dual mechanism inhibitors for the treatment of diseaseProvided are compounds that are inhibitors of both rho kinase and of a monoamine transporter (MAT) act to improve the disease state or condition. Further provided are compositions comprising the compounds. Further provided are methods for treating diseases or conditions, the methods comprising administering compounds according to the invention. One such disease may be glaucoma for which, among other beneficial effects, a marked reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) may be achieved.1. A compound according to Formula I: and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, and R3are independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, C1-C4 alkyl aryl, C1-C4 alkyl heteroaryl, C1-C4 alkyl heterocyclyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 carbonyl, C1-C4 carbonylamino, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 sulfonyl, C1-C4 sulfonylamino, C1-C4 thioalkyl, C1-C4 carboxyl, or form a ring with each other or with A; wherein A is C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkyl aryl, C1-C4 alkyl heteroaryl, or forms a ring structure with R1, R2or R3; wherein B is hydrogen, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, C1-C22 alkyl, C1-C22 alkyl aryl, C1-C22 alkyl heteroaryl, C2-C22 alkenyl, C2-C22 alkynyl, C1-C22 carbonyl, C1-C22 carbonylamino, C1-C22 alkoxy, C1-C22 sulfonyl, C1-C22 sulfonylamino, C1-C22 thioalkyl, or C1-C22 carboxyl; wherein X1, X2, and X3are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, nitro, cyano, C1-C4 carbonyl, C1-C4 carbonylamino, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 sulfonyl, C1-C4 sulfonylamino, C1-C4 thioalkyl, or C1-C4 carboxyl; wherein the double circle indicates an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; and wherein each Z is independently a bond, is C1-C4 alkyl, heteroalkyl, or an O atom.","label":"Automobile","id":415}
{"sentence":"DeodorantThe present invention relates to use of an aluminosilicate particle for deodorization, wherein the aluminosilicate particle has the composition of: s M(1)xOy t M(2)2O.Al2O3 u SiO2 v RmQn w H2O, wherein M(1) is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Zn and Fe, M(2) is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K and H, R is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca and Mg, Q is one or more members selected from the group consisting of CO3, SO4, NO3, and Cl, s satisfies 0<s≦3, and t satisfies 0≦t≦3, with proviso that s+t is from 0.5 to 3, and u satisfies 0.5≦u≦6, v satisfies 0<v≦2, w satisfies w≧0, x satisfies 1≦x≦2, y satisfies 1≦y≦3, m satisfies 1≦m≦2, and n satisfies 1≦n≦3, and wherein the aluminosilicate particle has a specific surface area of 1 m2\/g or more and less than 70 m2\/g.1. A method comprising deodorizing in the presence of a deodorant comprising crystalline aluminosilicate particles, wherein the aluminosilicate particles have a composition of: s M(1)xOy.t M(2)2O.Al2O3.u SiO2.v RmQn.w H2O, wherein M(1) is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Zn and Fe, M(2) is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K and H, R is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca and Mg, Q is one or more members selected from the group consisting of CO3, SO4, NO3, and Cl, s satisfies 0<s≦3, and t satisfies 0≦t≦3, with proviso that s+t is from 0.5 to 3, and u satisfies 0.5≦u≦6, v satisfies 0<v≦2, w satisfies w≧0, x satisfies 1≦x≦2,y satisfies 1≦y≦3, m satisfies 1≦m≦2, and n satisfies 1≦n≦3, wherein the aluminosilicate particle has a specific surface area of 1 m2\/g or more and less than 70 m2\/g, and wherein the aluminosilicate particle is obtained by subjecting a raw material aluminosilicate particle having the composition in an anhydride form of: a M2O.Al2O3.b SiO2.c RmQn, wherein M is Na and\/or K, R is one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca and Mg, Q is one or more members selected from the group consisting of CO3, SO4, NO3, and Cl, a satisfies 0.5≦a≦3, b satisfies 0.5≦b≦6, c satisfies 0<c≦2, m satisfies 1≦m≦2, and n satisfies 1≦n≦3, to an acid treatment with a strong acid in an amount of 5 to 250 meq per 100 g of the raw material aluminosilicate particle (5 to 250 meq\/100 g), and ion-exchanging with one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Zn and Fe.","label":"Household","id":416}
{"sentence":"Hydroformylation processA hydroformylation process is provided which comprises reacting a compound of the general formula [Equation] CH2=CH--CH2--A--CH2--X wherein X is a hydroxyl or formyl group and A is a group of the formula [Equation] --(CH2)n-- or --(CH2)m--CH=CH-- in which n is an integer of 3-8 and m is an integer of 0-5, with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium compound and a specific tris(substituted phenyl) phosphite.1. A hydroformylation process which comprises reacting a compound of the formula [Equation] CH2=CH--CH2--A--CH2--X (I) wherein x is a hydroxyl or formyl group and A is a group of the formula [Equation] --(CH2)n-- or --(CH2)m--CH=CH-- in which n is an integer of 3-8 and m is an integer of 0-5, with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium compound and a tris (substituted phenyl) phosphite having an electronic parameter value (ν-value) of 2080-2090 cm-1and a steric parameter value (θ-value) of 135°-190°, within the temperature range 40°-140° C. and the pressure range 30-150 atmospheres (absolute).","label":"Catalyst","id":417}
{"sentence":"Thermoplastic elastomer compositionA thermoplastic elastomer composition includes: a thermoplastic elastomer having a carbonyl-containing group and a nitrogen-containing heterocycle in a side chain thereof; and an amino group-containing compound. The thermoplastic elastomer composition retains excellent recycle property, and also has excellent mechanical characteristics and compression set (shape retention). Thus, it is of extremely superior industrial applicability and environmental protection effect.1. A thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising: a thermoplastic elastomer having a carbonyl-containing group and a nitrogen-containing heterocycle in a side chain thereof; and an amino group-containing compound, wherein said amino group-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, cetylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, benzyldimethylamine, methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, xylylenediamine, tetramethylxylylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, diethylaminopropylamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, triethylenetetramine, N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N′-diethylethylenediamine, N,N′-diisopropylethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′-diethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′-diisopropyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N,N′-diethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N,N′,N″-trimethylbis(hexamethylene)triamine, dipyridylamine, dipyridyl, ethylenedipyridyl, trimethylenedipyridyl, phenazine, purine, pteridin, dipyridylamine, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethane, 2 (or 4)-(β-hydroxyethyl)-pyridine, 2 (or 4)-(2-aminoethyl)-pyridine, 2 (or 4)-aminopyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypyridine, 6-azathymine, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, polyamide, polyurethane, urea resin, melamine resin, polyvinylamine, polyallylamine, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyaminostyrene, and amino group-containing polysiloxane, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of the amino group-containing compound can be substituted by an alkyl group, an alkylene group, an aralkylene group, an oxy group, an acyl group or a halogen atom, and a hetero atom can be added into a skeleton of the amino group-containing compound.","label":"Automobile","id":418}
{"sentence":"Production of terephthalate esters by degradative transesterification of scrap or virgin terephthalate polyestersA process for the production of terephthalate diesters having the following formula (I). Substituents R and R' are the same or different and represent a straight chain, branched or cyclic aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an alkaryl group or an aralkyl group, each group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The process involves reacting a terephthalate polyester with a high molecular weight alcohol or a mixture of high molecular weight alcohols each having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst and recovering the desired compound according to formula (I). This process is particularly useful for recycling scrap terephthalate polyester products such as those produced from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), crystallized polyethylene terephthalate (CPET), glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate copolyester (PETG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate (PCT), as well as the acid- and glycol-modified copolyesters of PCT, respectively PCTA and PCTG.1. A process for producing a compound having the following formula (I): wherein R and R's are the same or different and represent a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, said process comprising reacting a terephthalate polyester with an alcohol or mixture of alcohols having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst; allowing glycol by-product to be distilled off during the reaction process; and recovering the compound according to formula (I).","label":"HouseConst","id":419}
{"sentence":"Method of treating suspensions of vinyl chloride\/vinyl acetate copolymersA method of treating an aqueous suspension of a granular copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate which is produced from a copolymerization reaction between the monomers in aqueous suspension in which method, after the end of the copolymerization reaction, the pressure in a vessel containing the aqueous suspension is released by venting and the suspension is then heated in a vessel under conditions of temperature and pressure such that there is a vaporous outflow of water vapor, residual vinyl chloride and residual vinyl acetate from the vessel, wherein there is added to the aqueous suspension, before the start of said heating and preferably before venting but after the end of the copolymerization reaction, an effective amount of at least one steam-volatile phenol such that polymerization of the outflowing vinyl acetate is substantially prevented. The preferred phenol is 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol.1. A method of treating an aqueous suspension of a granular copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate which is produced by copolymerizing vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate in an aqueous suspension wherein the pressure of a vessel containing the aqueous suspension is released by venting and the suspension is then heated at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect a vaporous outflow, from the suspension, of water vapor, residual vinyl chloride and residual vinyl acetate, after the copolymerization is completed; and wherein said treating comprises adding to the aqueous suspension, after the end of the copolymerization but before said heating, an amount of at least one steam-volatile phenol selected from 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-methyl-phenol; 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-methoxy-phenol; and 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiarybutyl-phenol which amount of phenol is sufficient to satisfy the absorption capacity of the copolymer granules and still provide a sufficient residual quantity thereof for carry-over with the residual vinyl acetate, substantially to prevent any polymerization of the residual vinyl acetate in the outflow as a result of the presence of the phenol with the vinyl acetate, the amount of phenol added being 10 to 1000 ppm based on the total weight of monomers initially charged.","label":"HouseConst","id":420}
{"sentence":"Rubber mixturesRubber mixtures, including at least one rubber, a filler, an organosilicon compound of the formula I    one rubber accelerator and one co-accelerator. The rubber mixtures are prepared by mixing at least one rubber, a filler, an organosilicon compound of the formula I, one rubber accelerator and one co-accelerator. The rubber mixtures can be used for production of moldings. Also disclosed is a process for preparation of the organosilicon compound of the formula I via transesterification.1. A rubber mixture, comprising (a) at least one rubber, (b) a filler, (c) an organosilicon compound of general formula I, where R is identical or different and is H, a cyclic, straight-chain or branched C1-C12-alkyl group, a carboxy group (—COOH), a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, R′ is identical or different and is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic\/aromatic divalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, x is an average chain length of from 1 to 10, (d) from 0.3 to 5% by weight of rubber accelerator, based on the rubber used, selected from the group of the thiazoles, sulphenamides, thiurams, thioureas, thiocarbonates and dithiocarbamates and (e) an amount from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, based on the rubber used, of co-accelerator, selected from the group of the guanidines and aldehydamines.","label":"Automobile","id":421}
{"sentence":"Method for producing water-absorbing polymer particlesA process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising polymerization, drying, comminution, classification and recycling of the undersize obtained in the classification, wherein the recycled undersize is coated with a reducing agent and\/or inorganic particles.1. A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerizing a monomer solution or suspension comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer bearing an acid group, b) at least one crosslinker, c) at least one initiator, d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer specified under a), and e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymer, comprising the steps of i) polymerizing the monomer solution or suspension to give a polymer gel, ii) drying the polymer gel, iii) comminuting the dried polymer gel, and iv) classifying to remove undersize particles, the removed undersize particles being recycled at least partially before step ii), wherein at least a portion of the recycled undersize particles is coated with at least one of a reducing agent and inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles comprise fumed silica or insoluble salts of phosphoric acid.","label":"Household","id":422}
{"sentence":"Absorbent articleAbsorbent articles and processes for making absorbent articles are provided. The process includes spraying onto a fibrous web a blend containing superabsorbent polymer particles, superabsorbent forming monomer, initiator and water, and subjecting the web to polymerization conditions. The resulting web is useful as an absorbent article particularly in disposable hygiene products.1 . A process comprising: forming a sprayable blend comprising one or more superabsorbent forming monomers superabsorbent polymer particles water, and one or more initiators; spraying said sprayable blend onto a fibrous web; and subjecting said fibrous web to conditions under which the superabsorbent forming monomer will polymerize.","label":"Household","id":423}
{"sentence":"Catalyst composition for ethylene oligomerization and the use thereofThe present invention relates to a catalyst composition for ethylene oligomerization and the use thereof. Such catalyst composition includes chromium compound, ligand containing P and N, activator and accelerator; wherein the chromium compound is selected from the group consisting of acetyl acetone chromium, THF-chromium chloride and Cr(2-ethylhecanoate)3; general formula of the ligand containing P and N is shown as:     in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are phenyl, benzyl, or naphthyl. R5 is isopropyl, butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or fluorenyl; the activatior is methyl aluminoxane, ethyl aluminoxane, propyl aluminoxane and\/or butyl aluminoxane; the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2,-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and compounds having a formula of X1R6X2, in which X1 and X2 are F, Cl, Br, I or alkoxyl, R6 is alkylene or arylene group; the molar ratio of chromium compound, ligand containing P and N, activator and accelerator is 1:0.5˜10:50˜3000:0.5˜10. After mixing the four components mentioned previously under nitrogen atmosphere for 10 minutes, they are incorporated to the reactor, or these four components are incorporated directly into the reactor. Then ethylene is introduced for oligomerization. Such catalyst can be used in producing 1-octene through ethylene oligomerization. It is advantageous in high catalysing activity, high 1-octene selectivity, etc. The catalytic activity is more than 1.0×106g product·ma−1Cr·h−1, the fraction of C8 linear α-olefin is more than 70% by mass.1. A catalyst composition for ethylene oligomerization, the composition comprising a chromium compound, ligands containing P and N, an activator and accelerator, wherein the chromium compound is selected from the group consisting of acetyl acetone chromium, THF-chromium chloride and Cr(2-ethylhecanoate)3; the general formula of the ligand containing P and N is shown as: in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are phenyl, benzyl, fluorenyl or naphthyl, R5 is isopropyl, butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or fluorenyl; the activator is selected from the group consisting of methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, propylaluminoxane and butylaluminoxane; the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethane and compounds having a formula of X1R6X2, in which X1 and X2 are F, Cl, Br, I or alkoxyl, R6 is alkylene or arylene group; and the molar ratio of the chromium compound:the ligand containing P and N:the activator:the accelerator is 1:0.5-10:50-3000:0.5-10.","label":"Catalyst","id":424}
{"sentence":"Stilbene derivatives and their use for binding and imaging amyloid plaquesThis invention relates to a method of imaging amyloid deposits and to labeled compounds, and methods of making labeled compounds useful in imaging amyloid deposits. This invention also relates to compounds, and methods of making compounds for inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, and a method of delivering a therapeutic agent to amyloid deposits.1. A compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: R1is NRaRb, wherein Raand Rbare independently hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl; R1′ is hydrogen; R2is selected from the group consisting of i. hydroxyl, C1-4Alkoxy, (C1-C4)-alkyloxoAlk(C1-C4)oxy, (C1-C4)-alkyloxo(C1-C4)-alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkoxy, (C1-C4)-alkyloxo(C1-C4)-alkyloxo(C1-C4)-alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkoxy, carboxy(C1-C4)Alkyl, halo(C1-C4)alkoxy, halo(C1-C4)-alkyloxo (C1-C4)alkoxy, halo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)-alkyloxy, halo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxy, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, NR6R6′, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl,18F(C1-C4)alkoxy,18F(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkoxy,18F(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxy,18F(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxo(C1-C4)alkyloxy,18F(C1-C4)alkyl, wherein R6and R6′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl and C1-C4alkyl; where q is an integer from one to 10; Z is selected from the group consisting of18F,18F substituted benzoyloxy,18F substituted (C1-4)alkoxy,18F substituted benzyloxy, optionally18F-phenoxy,18F substituted phenyl(C1-4)alkyl,18F substituted aryloxy, and a18F substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally18F-phenyl; and R30, R31, R32and R33are in each instance independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkyl and hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl; where Z, R30, R31, R32and R33are as described above; where Y is selected from the group consisting of18F,18F substituted benzoyloxy,18F substituted phenyl(C1-4)alkyl,18F substituted aryloxy optionally18F-phenoxy and18F substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally18F-phenyl; U is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy,18F,18F substituted benzoyloxy,18F substituted phenyl(C1-4)alkyl,18F substituted aryloxy, optionally18F-phenoxy and18F substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally18F-phenyl; and R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39and R40are in each instance independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkyl, and hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl; and R7and R8are in each instance independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkyl, and hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl, wherein at least one of R7and R8is halogen.","label":"Automobile","id":425}
{"sentence":"Process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acidThe object of the invention is to provide a method for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid by gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction, which can perform smooth temperature control of the heat medium, can prevent hot spot effectively and can be handled easily, and an apparatus.  The invention are a method for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid by carrying out gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of propane, propylene, isobutylene or (meth)acrolein with an oxygen-containing gas using an inorganic salt as a reaction temperature adjusting heat medium, characterized in that the material of a gland packing member which seals body part of a regulating valve arranged on a heat medium feeder and controlling supply and circulation velocity of the heat medium and a rotation axis that interfits to the body part, in such a manner that they can perform sliding, is a mica-based material, and a production apparatus.1. A method for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid by carrying out gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of propane, propylene, isobutylene or (meth)acrolein with an oxygen-containing gas using an inorganic salt as a reaction temperature adjusting heat medium, characterized in that a material of a gland packing member which seals a body part of a regulating valve arranged on a heat medium feeder and controls supply and circulation velocity of the heat medium and a rotation axis that interfits to said body part, in such a manner that the gland packing member and the body part of the regulating valve can perform sliding, is a mica-based material, wherein the gland part of said regulating valve includes a heating jacket, and wherein an actuator of said regulating valve has a ratio (sliding frictional force between the body part and a stem interfitting thereto)\/(an actuator maximum generation force) of 0.2 or less in the state of not flowing a fluid.","label":"Process","id":426}
{"sentence":"Process for producing improved absorbent polymers by means of cryogenic grindingA process for producing a water-absorbing polymer comprises: (i) mixing (α1) 0.1-99.99% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups or salts thereof, or ethylenically unsaturated monomers including a protonated or quaternized nitrogen, or mixtures thereof, (α2) 0-70% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with (α1), (α3) 0.001-10% by weight of one or more crosslinkers, (α4) 0-30% by weight of water-soluble polymers, and (α5) 0-20% by weight of one or more assistants, where the sum of the weights (α1) to (α5) is 100%; (ii) free-radical polymerization with crosslinking to form an untreated hydrogel polymer; (iii) coarse comminution of the untreated hydrogel polymer to give pieces having a diameter from 0.1 mm to 5.0 cm; (iv) cooling and grinding the untreated hydrogel polymer; (v) drying the untreated hydrogel polymer after grinding at a temperature from 85° C. to 260° C.; (vi) postcrosslinking the hydrogel polymer and (vii) drying the water-absorbing polymer.1. A process for producing a water-absorbing polymer comprising: (i) mixing (α1) 0.1 to 99.99% by weight ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups or salts thereof, or ethylenically unsaturated monomers including a protonated or quaternized nitrogen, or mixtures thereof, (α2) 0 to 70% by weight ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with (α1), (α3) 0.001 to 10% by weight of one or more crosslinkers, (α4) 0 to 30% by weight of water-soluble polymers, and (α5) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more assistants, where the sum of the weights (α1) to (α5) is 100% by weight; (ii) free-radical polymerization with crosslinking to form a water-insoluble aqueous untreated hydrogel polymer; (iii) coarse comminution of the untreated hydrogel polymer to give pieces having a diameter in the range from 0.1 mm to 5.0 cm; (iv) cooling the coarsely comminuted untreated hydrogel polymer and grinding the cooled untreated hydrogen polymer; (v) drying the comminuted untreated hydrogel polymer after grinding at a temperature in the range from 85° C. to 260° C., and sieving the dried pieces in the range from 150 μm to 850 μm; (vi) postcrosslinking the hydrogel polymer and (vii) drying and finishing the water-absorbing polymer, wherein the cooling is carried out at a temperature of −30° C. to −200° C.","label":"Household","id":427}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbent resin, process for production thereof, and water-absorbent resin compositionA water-absorbent resin is produced by dispersing a solid blowing agent having an average particle diameter within a range of from 1 μm to 100 μm in an aqueous monomer solution containing an unsaturated monomer and a cross-linking agent, and then polymerizing the unsaturated monomer. The water-absorbent resin has excellent water absorption characteristics, such as improved dispersion and absorption rate of aqueous fluid, enhanced water retention capacity and dry touch, lower water-soluble component content, and lower residual monomer content. When a water-absorbent resin composition using the water-absorbent resin is used for, for example, a sanitary material, it is possible to improve the absorption rate and water retention capacity, and prevent leakage of fluid from the sanitary material.1. A water-absorbent resin having an average particle size within a range of from 50 μm to 1,000 μm, pores with an average pore diameter within a range of from 10 μm to 500 μm, and an absorbent capacity of not lower than 25 g\/g 60 minutes after an initiation of absorption under pressure, a water-soluble component content of not higher than 15 weight percent, and a residual monomer content of not higher than 500 ppm.","label":"Household","id":428}
{"sentence":"Thermoplastic resin composition and molded article using the sameA thermoplastic resin composition includes (A) a first rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer having an average rubber particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 100 nm and less than about 200 nm, (B) a second rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer having an average rubber particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 200 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm, (C) a first vinyl-based copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a unsaturated nitrile monomer, and (D) a second vinyl-based copolymer of an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, an aromatic vinyl monomer, and a unsaturated nitrile monomer. A molded article can be made using the same.1. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising: (A) a first rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer having a volume average rubber particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 100 nm and less than about 200 nm, wherein the first rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer (A) comprises: (a1) an acrylic-based rubbery polymer core comprising (a1-1) an internal core layer consisting of a copolymer of an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer and (a1-2) an external core layer consisting of an alkyl (meth)acrylate-based polymer; and (a2) a shell layer formed by grafting a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and unsaturated nitrile monomer on the acrylic-based rubbery polymer core, (B) a second rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer having a volume average rubber particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 200 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm, (C) a first vinyl-based copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a unsaturated nitrile monomer, and (D) about 5 to about 30 wt % based on the total amount of (A), (B), (C) and (D) of a second vinyl-based copolymer comprising about 5 to about 30 wt % of an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, about 50 to about 80 wt % of an aromatic vinyl monomer, and about 10 to about 35 wt % of an unsaturated nitrile monomer, wherein the difference between an average refractive index of the first rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer (A) and the second rubber-modified acrylic-based graft copolymer (B) and a refractive index of the second vinyl-based copolymer (D) is about 0.001 to about 0.02.","label":"Automobile","id":429}
{"sentence":"Thermoplastic resin composition comprising styrenic polymer and olefin\/unsaturated acid anhydride\/unsaturated acid alkyl ester polymerA thermoplastic resin composition having excellent and well balanced physical properites such as chemical resistance, drop weight impact resistance and thermal stability which comprises (A) a styrenic polymer and (B) a ternary polymer comprising 50 to 98.5% by weight of an olefin, 0.5 to 10% by weight of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and 1 to 40% by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester, the weight proportion of the styrenic polymer (A) and the ternary polymer (B) being 100:0.5-200.1. A thermoplastic resin composition which consists essentially of (A) a styrenic polymer, and (B) a ternary polymer comprising 50 to 98.5% by weight of an olefin, 0.5 to 10% by weight of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and 1 to 40% by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester, the weight proportion of (A):(B) being 100:0.5-200.","label":"IndustConst","id":430}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene blend compositions and filmA polymer blend comprising first and second polyethylene copolymers is presented which has good processability, and which when made into film shows good toughness-stiffness balance, reasonable MD tear, as well as good optical properties.1. A polymer blend comprising: a) from about 5 to about 95 wt % of a first polyethylene copolymer having a density of from about 0.916 to about 0.936 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 g\/10 min, a melt flow ratio (I21\/I2) of from about 32 to about 50, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) of from about 3.6 to about 6.5, a reverse comonomer distribution profile as determined by GPC-FTIR, a multimodal TREF profile, a composition distribution breadth index CDBI50 of from 50 wt % to 75 wt % as determined by TREF and which further satisfies the relationship: (Mw\/Mn)≧72 [(I21\/I2)−1+10−6(Mn)]; and b) from about 95 to about 5 wt % of a second polyethylene copolymer which is a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) different from the first polyethylene copolymer and having a density of from about 0.910 to about 0.940 g\/cm3, a melt index (I2) of from about 0.2 to about 5.0 g\/10 min, and a melt flow ratio (I21\/I2) of less than about 35.","label":"HouseConst","id":431}
{"sentence":"Method for producing polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbable resinThe present invention provides a method for producing, by adding an additive and\/or gas bubbles to a monomer with high efficiency, a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin having high physical properties while high productivity is maintained. The step of preparing an aqueous monomer solution includes the steps of: preparing an aqueous solution; and adding a water-insoluble additive and\/or gas bubbles. A retention time from when the water-insoluble additive and\/or the gas bubbles is\/are added to when polymerization starts is 1 second to 60 seconds.1. A method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin, comprising the steps of: (A) preparing an aqueous monomer solution that is subjected to crosslinking and polymerization to produce a hydrogel-forming crosslinked polymer; (B) polymerizing the aqueous monomer solution to obtain a hydrogel-forming crosslinked polymer; and (C) drying the hydrogel-forming crosslinked polymer to obtain a dried polymer, wherein the step (A) includes the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous solution; and (b) adding a water-insoluble additive and\/or gas bubbles, wherein a retention time from a time point at which the water-insoluble additive and\/or the gas bubbles is\/are added in the step (b) until a time point at which the polymerization is started in the step (B) is 1 to 60 seconds, wherein the time point at which the water-insoluble additive and\/or the gas bubbles is\/are added is defined by a time point at which the water-insoluble additive and\/or the gas bubbles come(s) into contact with the aqueous solution, wherein the time point at which the polymerization is started is defined by a time point at which a rise in a temperature of the aqueous monomer solution due to heat of the polymerization starts, wherein the polymerization in the step (B) is a continuous polymerization, and wherein at least one, two, or three of the following is satisfied: (1) a temperature of the aqueous solution in the step (b) is equal to or higher than 40° C. and is equal to or lower than a boiling point; (2) the mixed solution during the step (b) is stirred at a stirring Reynolds number of equal to or more than 1000; and (3) the mixed solution during the step (b) is stirred by a forced stirring.","label":"Household","id":432}
{"sentence":"Polyethylene copolymers with vinyl terminated macromonomers as comonomersThis invention relates to polyethylene copolymers comprising ethylene and vinyl terminated macromonomers. The polyethylene copolymers are achieved by copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl terminated macromonomers in a polymerization reactor, particularly in high yields and with a wide range of VTM molecular weights, that can be made at commercial rates.1. A process for preparing an ethylene\/macromonomer copolymer wherein the process comprises contacting ethylene and a propylene vinyl terminated macromonomer (VTM) in the presence of at least one catalyst capable of incorporating the VTM into a polyethylene backbone, wherein the catalyst is [di(p-triethylsilylphenyl) methylene] (cyclopentadienyl) (3,8-di-t-butylfluorenyl)hafnium dimethyl preactivated with N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, wherein the ethylene\/macromonomer copolymer comprising at least 70 wt % of ethylene and at least one propylene vinyl terminated macromonomers (VTM) wherein the ethylene copolymer has: 1) a Mw of 100,000 g\/mol or more; 2) a density of 0.94 g\/cm3or less; and 3) a ratio of the complex viscosity at a frequency of 0.1 rad\/s to the complex viscosity at a frequency of 100 rad\/s of 15 or more; and wherein the propylene-VTM is amorphous and has no detectable melting temperature from DSC, and has an Mn (measured by1H NMR) of from 200 g\/mol to 5000 g\/mol.","label":"HouseConst","id":433}
{"sentence":"Vinyl chloride resin composition with multi-stage impact modifierAs an impact modifier copolymer to be blended with a vinyl chloride resin, a multilayer copolymer comprising a hard core polymer containing a relatively small quantity of a conjugated diene, a rubbery inner layer polymer containing a relatively large quantity of a conjugated diene, and an outer layer polymer comprising, for example, a copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate which is compatible with a vinyl chloride resin is used, whereby a vinyl chloride resin composition well balanced between impact strength and anti-stress-whitening property can be obtained.1. A vinyl chloride resin composition with improved impact strength and anti-stress-whitening property comprising: 60 to 97% of a vinyl chloride resin; and 3 to 40% of an impact modifier copolymer comprising: (1) 10 to 60 parts of a core polymer comprising 5 to 49% of a conjugated diene, 41 to 95% of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic vinyl monomers and mixtures thereof with alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates, and 0 to 10% of a crosslinking agent, (2) 20 to 75 parts of an inner layer polymer formed on the core polymer and comprising 60% or more conjugated diene, 0 to 5% of a crosslinking agent, and a remainder of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic vinyl monomers and mixtures thereof with alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates, and (3) 15 to 50 parts of an outer layer polymer formed on the inner layer polymer and comprising 0 to 10% of a crosslinking agent and a remainder of a monomer mixture selected from mixtures of an alkyl acrylate and an aromatic vinyl monomer and mixtures of an alkyl methacrylate, an aromatic vinyl monomer and an unsaturated nitrile, the sum of the quantities of the polymers (1), (2) and (3) amounting to 100 parts, all quantities expressed in percentages and parts being by weight.","label":"IndustConst","id":434}
{"sentence":"Water-absorbing agent and method for producing same, and absorbent article produced using water-absorbing agentProvided is a water-absorbing agent having an excellent ability to absorb and retain liquid and an excellent liquid suction power. The water-absorbing agent contains a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin as a main component and satisfies all of the following physical properties (a) to (e): (a) a weight average particle diameter (D50) is 300 μm or more and less than 400 μm; (b) a proportion of particles with a particle diameter of 600 μm or more and less than 850 μm is less than 10 weight %; (c) an average gap radius is 100 μm or more and less than 180 μm; (d) a CRC is 28 g\/g or more and less than 34 g\/g; and (e) an AAP is 24 g\/g or more.1. A water-absorbing agent comprising a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin as a main component and satisfying all of the following physical properties (a) to (g): (a) the weight average particle diameter (D50) is 300 μm or more and less than 400 μm; (b) the proportion of particles with a particle diameter of 600 μm or more and less than 850 μm is less than 10 weight %; (c) the average gap radius is 100 μm or more and less than 180 μm; (d) the CRC is 28 g\/g or more and less than 34 g\/g; (e) the AAP is 24 g\/g or more; (f) the updraw fluid retention capacity under load with a 30 cm water column is 20 g\/g or more; and (g) the updraw fluid retention capacity under load with a 20 cm water column is 25 g\/g or more.","label":"Household","id":435}
{"sentence":"Prepolymer compositions and sealants made therefromPrepolymer compositions for preparing a one-part, moisture-curable sealant, adhesive or coating, and a method of making such prepolymer compositions are provided. The prepolymer compositions comprise a polyurethane prepolymer that is end-capped with silane groups or a combination of silane groups and end capping groups that have been derived from an alcohol and an amount, referred to hereinafter as an \"excess\", of unreacted aromatic alcohol having a molecular weight of less than 2000. The excess of unreacted aromatic alcohol in the composition is from greater than 0% to 15% by mole of the level of original NCO groups in the prepolymer. From 50 to 100% of the original NCO groups are end-capped with silane groups, and from 0 to 50% of the original NCO groups are end-capped with a end-capping group that has been derived from an aromatic alcohol, an aliphatic alcohol or both. Sealant compositions and coating compositions comprising the present prepolymer composition are also provided.1. A prepolymer composition for preparing sealant and coating compositions, comprising: a) prepolymers comprising terminal NCO groups that are end-capped with silane groups or with silane groups and alcohol groups, and b) an excess of unreacted aromatic alcohol selected from phenol, 3-methoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, nonylphenol, meta-cresol, para-cresol, 4-chlorophenol, meta-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde, para-hydroxybenzaldehyde, hydroquinone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, and 4-hydroxyacetophenone, or any combination thereof.","label":"Automobile","id":436}
{"sentence":"Cosmetic compositions comprising esters based on 2-propylheptanolThe invention relates to the use of esters of 2-propylheptanol with benzoic acid and\/or benzoic acid derivatives in cosmetic and\/or pharmaceutical preparations. The compounds are distinguished by their particularly light sensory impression.1. A cosmetic composition comprising at least one ester of 2-propylheptanol with a benzoic acid derivative and at least one other ester of the same benzoic acid derivative with 3 methyl-2-propylhexanol.","label":"HouseConst","id":437}
{"sentence":"System for treating wastewaterA method and apparatus for treating wastewater. The apparatus comprises a reactor having a flow channel generally centrally located in a reactor and immersed in the water or wastewater in the reactor. An agitator is disposed within the flow channel and induces water or wastewater to enter the open upper end thereof and to move downwardly through the flow channel where the water or wastewater is discharged via a flow divider. A reagent is injected into the water or wastewater and the agitator within the flow channel serves to mix the reagent with the water or wastewater passing therethrough and in the process causes at least a slightly turbulent and downward axial flow through the flow channel.1. A water or wastewater treatment system for treating water or wastewater by mixing a reagent with the water or wastewater, the water or wastewater treatment system comprising: a. a reactor having a bottom, an inlet, and an outlet; b. a flow channel adapted to be immersed within the water or wastewater in the reactor, and generally vertically disposed in the reactor, the flow channel having an open upper end and an open lower end and a surrounding wall structure that permits water or wastewater to enter the open upper end and to flow downwardly through the flow channel and be discharged out the open lower end thereof; c. the lower end of the flow channel being spaced from the bottom of the reactor; d. an agitator disposed in the flow channel generally between the open upper and lower ends for mixing the reagent with the water or wastewater and for inducing water or wastewater from the reactor into the open upper end, and moving the water or wastewater downwardly through the flow channel to where the water or wastewater is discharged therefrom; e. a structure disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the flow channel for engaging the water or wastewater and causing the flow of the water or wastewater leaving the flow channel and moving upwardly in the reactor to be less turbulent than the water or wastewater in the vicinity of the agitator in the flow channel; f. wherein the structure disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the flow channel is a flow divider that divides the flow of water or wastewater being discharged from the flow channel; and g. wherein the flow divider includes a cruciform baffle having a series of intersecting vertical walls that assume a generally cylindrical configuration.","label":"HouseConst","id":438}
{"sentence":"System for monitoring and controlling unit operations that include distillationFluid sensor methods and systems adapted for monitoring and\/or controlling distillation operations in fluidic systems, such as batch distillation operations or continuous distillation operations, are disclosed. Preferred embodiments are directed to process monitoring and\/or process control for unit operations involving endpoint determination of a distillation, for example, as applied to a liquid-component-switching operation (e.g., a solvent switching operation), a liquid-liquid separation operation, a solute concentration operation, a dispersed-phase concentration operation, among others.1. A system for monitoring a unit operation that includes separating one or more components of a multi-component composition by distillation, the system comprising: a fluidic system configured for distillation, the fluidic system comprising (i) a process container for providing a multi-component composition comprising one or more liquid components, (ii) a heat source associated with the process container and adapted for vaporizing at least a portion of at least one liquid component of the composition to form a vapor, (iii) a condenser in fluid communication with the process container for receiving the vapor, (iv) a heat sink associated with the condenser for condensing the vapor to form a condensate, and (v) a distillate receiver for recovering at least a portion of the condensate as a distillate, and a sensor comprising a flexural resonator, the sensor being configured in association with the fluidic system such that a sensing surface of the flexural resonator can contact a fluid within the fluidic system, the fluid being the multi-component composition, the vapor, the condensate or the distillate, the sensor further comprising an electrical circuit in signaling communication with the flexural resonator, the electrical circuit comprising signal processing circuitry or data retrieval circuitry or combinations thereof.","label":"Process","id":439}
{"sentence":"Polysiloxane compound, modified conjugated diene-vinyl aromatic copolymer and preparing method thereofThe present invention relates to a polysiloxane compound having a structure represented by formula 1:   wherein each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is individually selected from one of a first group, a second group, a third group and a fourth group, the first group is selected from a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having amino group(s), a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having epoxy group(s), a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having carbonyl group(s) or a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having alkoxy group(s), the second group is a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having amino group(s), the third group is selected from a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having epoxy group(s), a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having carbonyl group(s), a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having SiCl group(s) or a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having alkoxy group(s), the fourth group is selected from a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having aryl group(s) or a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having alkoxy group(s).1. A method for preparing a modified conjugated diene-vinyl aromatic copolymer, comprising: polymerizing an organic alkali metal compound with conjugated diene monomers and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomers to obtain a conjugated diene-vinyl aromatic copolymer, wherein a weight ratio of the conjugated diene monomers and the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomers ranges from 2:1 to 5:1; and reacting the conjugated diene-vinyl aromatic copolymer with a polysiloxane compound to form the modified conjugated diene-vinyl aromatic copolymer, wherein the polysiloxane compound having a structure represented by formula 1: wherein each of F1, F2, F3 and F4 is different from each other, wherein F1 and F2 is individually selected from the group consisting of a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one epoxy group, a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one carbonyl group, a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one alkoxy group and a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one SiCl group, F3 is a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one amino group, F4 is selected from the group consisting of a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one alkoxy group and a C2˜C10 hydrocarbon group having at least one aryl group, n is an integer from 1 to 60, m is an integer from 1 to 60, X is an integer from 1 to 60, Y is an integer from 1 to 60, and Z is an integer from 0 to 300.","label":"Automobile","id":440}
{"sentence":"Polymerization of vinyl chloride with a clay and a hydrophilic polymer suspending agentThere is disclosed a suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in which the suspension of monomers as droplets is maintained, and the droplets of polymer are prevented from coalescence by the addition of an expanding lattice clay, preferably a magnesium alumina silicate clay, most preferably, Veegum, and a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophilic polymer can be a partially hydrolized polyvinyl alcohol, a hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether, or a cross-linked polyacrylic acid, the latter being preferred. These addities enhance polymerization by reducing polymerization time and reducing deposition of the polymer in the reactor. Additionally, the shape and particle size distribution of the polymer is improved.1. In the method for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride wherein vinyl chloride monomer, initiator, and suspending agent are suspended in an aqueous medium, the improvement in polymerization which comprises: including in the suspension during polymerization an amount sufficient to maintain said suspension of the suspension agents of: a. an expanding lattice magnesium aluminum silicate clay; and b. a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyalkyl cellulose esters, and mixtures thereof; wherein said clay is smectite.","label":"HouseConst","id":441}
{"sentence":"Process for producing catalyst for methacrylic acid production, catalyst for methacrylic acid production, and process for producing methacrylic acidA method for producing a catalyst containing given atoms in a given atomic proportion for use in producing methacrylic acid through gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen comprising the steps of:    (i) preparing a solution or slurry containing at least molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium (liquid I);  (ii) preparing a solution or slurry containing ammonium radical (liquid II);  (iii) preparing a mixture of the liquid I and the liquid II by introducing one liquid (liquid PR) of the liquid I and the liquid II into a tank (tank A) and pouring the other liquid (liquid LA) on a continuous region in the surface of the liquid PR, the continuous region occupying 0.01 to 10% of the whole area of the surface of the liquid PR; and  (iv) drying and calcining the resultant solution or slurry containing a catalyst precursor comprising all the catalyst constituents.1. A method for producing a catalyst having a composition represented by the following formula (1) for use in producing methacrylic acid through gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen, comprising: (i) preparing a solution or slurry comprising at least molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium (liquid I); (ii) preparing a solution or slurry containing ammonium radical (liquid II); (iii) preparing a mixture of the liquid I and the liquid II by: introducing one of the liquid I and the liquid II (liquid PR) into a tank (tank A), subsequently pouring the other of the liquid I and the liquid II (liquid LA) into the tank already containing the liquid PR, the liquid LA is poured into the tank A so that when the liquid LA contacts the liquid PR the contact occurs at a continuous region on a surface of the liquid PR, and the continuous region comprises 0.01 to 10% of an entire surface area of the liquid PR in the tank A; and (iv) drying and calcining the resultant solution or slurry containing a catalyst precursor comprising all the catalyst constituents, PaMobVcCudXeYfZgOh  (1) wherein: P, Mo, V, Cu and O represent phosphorous, molybdenum, vanadium, copper and oxygen, respectively; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic, germanium, zirconium, tellurium, silver, selenium, silicon, tungsten and boron; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, cobalt, manganese, barium, gallium, cerium and lanthanum; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium and cesium; subscripts a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent an atomic ratio of each element, respectively; and when b is 12, a is in the range of from 0.5 to 3, c is in the range of from 0.01 to 3, d is in the range of from 0.01 to 2, e is in the range of from 0 to 3, f is in the range of from 0 to 3, g is in the range of from 0.01 to 3 and h represents the atomic ratio of oxygen necessary for fulfilling the requirement of the valence of each element above.","label":"Catalyst","id":442}
{"sentence":"SilicaSilica with a large pore volume, a large specific surface area, a narrow pore distribution, low contents of unwanted metal impurities, and excellent physical properties such as high heat-resistance and water-resistance is provided. The silica has a mode pore diameter (Dmax) of 20 nm or less, and a solid-state Si nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter called solid-state Si NMR) spectrum of the silica includes a chemical shift (δ ppm) of Q4peak meeting the following inequality (I).   −0.0705×(Dmax)−110.36>δ  (I)   The silica with such properties can be suitably used in fields of which particularly excellent heat resistance and water resistance are required, and moreover controlled pore properties, and the fact that physical properties scarcely change over a long period of time are required among the above-mentioned applications.1. A silica produced through a process of stirring water phase and silicon alkoxide phase with stirring blades whose circumferential speed is between 0.05 and 10 m\/s, wherein a mode pore diameter (Dmax) of said silica is 20 nm or less, and wherein a solid-state Si nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter called solid-state Si NMR) spectrum of said silica includes a chemical shift (δ ppm) of Q4peak meeting the following inequality −0.0705×(Dmax)−110.36>δ.","label":"IndustConst","id":443}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of paste-forming vinyl chloride polymersPaste-forming polymers of vinyl chloride are produced by discontinuous polymerization in the presence of a conventional predispersion of emulsifier, dispersion acid, water and optional monomer-soluble catalyst. The predispersion is prepared only with 30-80% by weight of the amount of emulsifier required in total. The remainder of the emulsifier, or a component forming the emulsifier, is added in metered amounts as an aqueous solution batchwise or continously to the polymerization mixture after a conversion of 10-60% by weight. The thus-obtained polymers lead to pastes of an especially low viscosity, even under high shear stress, and result in open-cell plasticized foam materials having a good elastic memory capacity.1. In a process for the production of paste-forming polymer of vinyl chloride or copolymer of vinyl chloride with up to 30% by weight of a copolymerizable monomer, by discontinuous polymerization in the presence of an effective amount of a monomer-soluble catalyst and a predispersion consisting of, (a) 0.2-3.0% by weight, based on the amount of monomer, of an emulsifier component which is an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of a fatty acid of 12-18 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonic acid of 10--20 carbon atoms, an alkylbenzene-sulfonic acid of 8-18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, or a sulfosuccinic acid ester of 6-14 carbon atoms in the alcohol portion, (b) 50-200% by weight, based on the amount of emulsifier (a) employed, of a C12-C20-alkanol, (c) water, and (d) optionally the monomer-soluble catalyst, when used, the improvement wherein sad predispersion is prepared with only 30-80% by weight of the amount of emulsifier (a) used in total, and said discontinuous polymerization consists of polymerizing the monomers, in the presence of said predispersion, a monomer-soluble catalyst, optionally at least one reducing agent, and optionally at least one buffer salt, optionally adding additional monomer, batchwise or continuously, during polymerization, optionally adding at least one activator by metered addition during polymerization, optionally adding at least one reducing agent during polymerization, adding additional catalyst by metered addition during polymerization, and adding the remainder of the emulsifier, or of a precomponent forming the emulsifier, by itself in metered quantities, batchwise, or continuously, as an aqueous solution to the polymerization mixture after a conversion of 10-60% by weight has been reached.","label":"HouseConst","id":444}
{"sentence":"Process for production of acroleinThere is provided a process for producing acrolein from glycerin, exhibiting a suppressed decrease in the yield of acrolein with time. In the process for producing acrolein by dehydrating glycerin in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal phosphate, one, or two or more, metal phosphates are used, which are selected from aluminum salts, zirconium salts, manganese salts, alkali metal salts (provided that the alkali metal is sodium, potassium, or cesium, and the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M\/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 2.0 or lower), alkali earth metal salts (provided that the ratio between the mole number (M) of the alkali earth metal and the mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (i.e., M\/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 1.0 or lower), and the like.1. A process for production of acrolein, which comprises dehydrating glycerin in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal phosphate, wherein the metal phosphate is one, or two or more, metal phosphates selected from the group consisting of aluminum salts, zirconium salts, manganese salts, alkali metal salts (wherein the alkali metal is sodium, potassium, or cesium, and a ratio between a mole number (M) of the alkali metal and a mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (M\/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 2.0 or lower), alkali earth metal salts (wherein a ratio between a mole number (M) of the alkali earth metal and a mole number (P) of phosphoric acid (M\/P ratio) in the metal phosphate is 1.0 or lower), yttrium salts, titanium salts, hafnium salts, vanadium salts, niobium salts, chromium salts, cobalt salts, nickel salts, silver salts, cadmium salts, mercury salts, boron salts, tin salts, lead salts, bismuth salts, lanthanum salts, cerium salts, and samarium salts.","label":"Catalyst","id":445}
{"sentence":"Catalyst compositions for producing high Mz\/Mw polyolefinsThe present invention provides a polymerization process utilizing a dual ansa-metallocene catalyst system. Polymers produced from the polymerization process are also provided, and these polymers have a reverse comonomer distribution, a non-bimodal molecular weight distribution, a ratio of Mw\/Mn from about 3 to about 8, and a ratio of Mz\/Mw from about 3 to about 6.1. An olefin polymerization process, the process comprising: contacting a catalyst composition with an olefin monomer and optionally at least one olefin comonomer under polymerization conditions to produce an olefin polymer, wherein the catalyst composition comprises catalyst component I, catalyst component II, and at least one activator-support comprising a solid oxide treated with an electron-withdrawing anion, wherein: catalyst component I comprises at least one ansa-metallocene compound having formula (I):  wherein: MAis Ti, Zr, or Hf; X1Aand X2Aare independently F; Cl; Br; I; methyl; benzyl; phenyl; H; BH4; OBR2 or SO3R, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; or a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a hydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 18 carbon atoms; EAis C or Si; R1Aand R2Aare independently H, a hydrocarbyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms, or R1Aand R2Aare connected to a form a cyclic or heterocyclic group having up to 18 carbon atoms, wherein R1Aand R2Aare not aryl groups; R6Aand R7Aare independently H or a hydrocarbyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; and CpAis a cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, or fluorenyl group, or a heteroatom-substituted derivative thereof, any substituent on CpAis independently H or a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylsilyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; and catalyst component II comprises at least one ansa-metallocene compound having formula (II):  wherein: MBis Ti, Zr, or Hf; X1Band X2Bare independently F; Cl; Br; I; methyl; benzyl; phenyl; H; BH4; OBR2 or SO3R, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; or a hydrocarbyloxide group, a hydrocarbylamino group, or a hydrocarbylsilyl group, any of which having up to 18 carbon atoms; EBis C or Si; R1Band R2Bare independently H or a hydrocarbyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R1Band R2Bis an aryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; R6Band R7Bare independently H or a hydrocarbyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms; and CpBis a cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, or fluorenyl group, or a heteroatom-substituted derivative thereof, any substituent on CpBis independently H or a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylsilyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms.","label":"HouseConst","id":446}
{"sentence":"Method for the preparation of organically modified aerogelsThe invention relates to a process for producing aerogels with permanently hydrophobic surface groups, in which a) silicate lyogel is provided, b) the gel provided in step a) is washed with an organic solvent, c) the gel obtained in step b) is surface silylated and d) the surface-silylated gel obtained in step c) is dried, where the organic solvent used in step b) is a diether of formula (I) R1--O--(CH2)n--O--R2in which R1and R2are mutually independently the same or different alkyl groups with 1 to 4 C atoms and n is a natural number in the range from 1 to 5.1. Method for the preparation of aerogels with permanently hydrophobic surface groups, comprising the steps of: a) providing a silicate lyogel, b) washing the gel of a) with an organic solvent, c) surface-silylating the gel of b), and d) drying the surface-silylated gel of c), wherein the organic solvent of step b) is a diether having the formula [Equation] R1--O--(CH2)n--O--R2 where R1and R2,independently of one another, are the same or different alkyl groups with 1 to 4 C atoms and n is a natural number in the range from 1 to 5.","label":"IndustConst","id":447}
{"sentence":"Enhancing absorption rates of superabsorbents by incorporating a blowing agentAn improved superabsorbent polymer having increased rate of water absorption is obtained by the addition, preferably prior to polymerization, of a carbonate blowing agent to a monomer solution of the monomers used to form the superabsorbent polymer. Preferred monomers include (meth)acrylic acids, preferably partially neutralized prior to polymerization and appropriate cross-linking agents. The carbonate cross-linking agents are any carbonate salt soluble or dispersible in the monomer solution, prior to polymerization. The multi-valent cationic salts of carbonate are preferred, especially the complex carbonates, for example, of magnesium.1. A method of improving the rate of water absorption of a dry superabsorbent substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked, hydrogel-forming polymer composition, which method comprises: (1) forming a monomer solution containing at least one carboxylic acid monomer and water soluble salts thereof effective water insolubilizing amount of a cross-linking agent, and an effective microcellular forming amount of about 0.05 to about 2.5 weight per cent of a carbonate blowing agent, based on the total weight of the carbonated monomer solution, (2) having dispersed or dissolved said carbonate blowing agent throughout the solution to form said carbonated monomer solution and then (3) initiating free radical polymerization of said carbonated solution, by adding a free radical initiator to said solution thereby forming a microcellular aqueous gel of hydrogel polymer, and then (4) chopping said hydrogel into pieces having a diameter ranging from about 0.1 mm diameter to about 5.0 cm., and then (5) drying said pieces at a temperature ranging from 85° C. to about 210° C., then grinding said dry pieces to a size of from about 0.05 mm to about 5.0 mm thereby forming a dry superabsorbent polymer having increased rate of water absorption.","label":"Household","id":448}
{"sentence":"Silica aerogelsThis invention relates to silica aerogels and to a method for their preparation from rice husk. Rice husk is very rich in silica, and its ash can contain up to 92-97% of amorphous silica. The rice husk ash is prepared by burning the rice husk on a heating plate with excess air until the white ash is obtained. Silica from rice ash husk is in a very active form and has been found to be a very potential starting material for silica aerogels.1. A method for producing a silica aerogel, comprising: combusting rice husk to produce rice husk ash; dissolving the rice husk ash in aqueous sodium hydroxide; heating and stirring the resultant gel mixture to produce a sodium silicate solution; adding concentrated sulphuric acid to the resulting water glass solution to convert the sodium silicate to silica and produce a silica hydrogel; aging the hydrogel to allow the gel structure to develop; displacing the water by subjecting the hydrogel to a C1 to C4 alcohol vapor through Soxhlet extraction to produce an alcogel; and subjecting the alcogel to super critical drying with additional alcohol to form an aerogel, wherein the additional alcohol is operable to function as a super-critical fluid, wherein the alcogel and the additional alcohol are placed into a container, wherein the additional alcohol is present in an amount sufficient, as the temperature is raised in the container, to permit a critical pressure to be reached.","label":"IndustConst","id":449}
{"sentence":"Silica and silica-like films and method of productionA method of producing a silica or silica-like coating by forming a precursor formulation from oligomeric organosilicate. The precursor formulation is coated on a substrate as a continuous liquid phase. The precursor formulation is then cured in an ammoniacal atmosphere to produce a continuous, interconnected, nano-porous silica network.1. A method of forming a silica or silica-like film coated on a substrate including the steps of: producing a precursor formulation having a ratio of reagents of 1.0 part by volume oligomeric organosilicate; 0.1 part by volume water; 10.0 parts by volume; coating a substrate with the precursor formulation; and curing the precursor formulation onto the substrate in an ammoniacal environment.","label":"IndustConst","id":450}
{"sentence":"Antimicrobial solid material, process for producing the same, and method of utilizing the sameAn antimicrobial solid material having a satisfactory antimicrobial activity for a long term against sewage in any form of circulating, static and flowing waters or contacting portions thereof and a utilizing method thereof are provided. An antimicrobial solid material as one embodiment of the present invention comprises both of an antimicrobial metal ion and an antimicrobial metal in a metal state. In general, it is believed that antimicrobial metal ions have a potent antimicrobial effect when they exist in a liquid to be treated with a certain concentration or more, but they are rapidly released and exhausted so that their antimicrobial effects cannot last long. On the other hand, it is believed that the antimicrobial metal in a metal state does not have a prompt effect, but exhibits a certain bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect continuously for a long term. Therefore, the antimicrobial solid material containing both of the antimicrobial metal ions and the antimicrobial metal in a metal state thereof has both of a potent initial antimicrobial activity and an enduring bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity.1. An antimicrobial solid material which comprises (1) metal ions selected from the group consisting of silver ions, copper ions and zinc ions, as antimicrobial metal ions; and (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, copper and zinc, as an antimicrobial metal in a metal state.","label":"Household","id":451}
{"sentence":"Formation of strong superporous hydrogelsThe present invention features a method for the formation of superporous hydrogels using an ion-equilibration technique. Anionic polysaccharides are included in the hydrogel reaction mixture and cations are introduced either during or after hydrogel formation. Properties of the resulting hydrogel can be subsequently adjusted by treating the cation-complexed gel with a different cation or cation mixture under equilibrating conditions. It has been found that by properly adjusting the cations and the sequence in which they are used in the equilibration process, superporous hydrogels can be formed that are highly absorbent while maintaining favorable structural properties, including strength, ruggedness, and resiliency. It has also been found that applying appropriate dehydration conditions to them after their formation can further stabilize the superporous hydrogels formed by the method of the invention.1. A method of forming a hydrogel, comprising the steps of: a) combining at least one ethylenically-unsaturated monomer, a cross-linking agent, and an ionic polysaccharide with one or more cations to form a mixture; b) subjecting said mixture to polymerization to form said hydrogel; and c) reacting said hydrogel with one or more cations under equilibrating conditions, wherein i) at least one cation is used that was not used in step a), or ii) if the same mixture of cations is used in steps a) and c), the ratio of cations used in said steps is different; and d) reacting the hydrogel formed in step c) with one or more cations under equilibrating conditions, wherein i) at least one cation is used that was not used in step c), or ii) if the same mixture of cations is used as in step c), the ratio of cations used in said step is different.","label":"Household","id":452}
{"sentence":"Copolymers, their preparation and their use as assistants in detergents and cleansing agentsWater-soluble copolymers which consist of from 40 to 90% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, from 60 to 10% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids of 4 to 8 carbon atoms and\/or of the corresponding dicarboxylic acid anhydride and, if required, not more than 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the carboxyl-containing monomers, of one or more carboxyl-free monomers, and which are esterified with from 2 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the carboxyl-containing monomers, of one or more compounds which contain a terminal hydroxyl group and one or more alkylene oxide groups of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, the preparation of such water-soluble copolymers and their use as assistants in detergents, cleansing and dishwashing agents.1. A water-soluble copolymer, which consists of: from 40-90% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3-5 carbon atoms and from 60-10% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of 4-8 carbon atoms and\/or the corresponding dicarboxylic anhydride, said water-soluble copolymer being esterified with from 5-50% by weight, based on the total weight of the carboxylic acids and, where relevant, of the carboxylic acid anhydrides, of at least one compound of formula I: [Equation] R1Z[(X1)m.(X2)n.(X3)o]H wherein R1is C1-C18-alkyl or alkylphenyl, wherein said alkyl substituent is of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Z is oxygen or a group, R2is hydrogen or a group of the formula [(X1)m.(X2)n.(X3)o]H or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X1is a copolymerized ethylene oxide unit, X2is a copolymerized propylene oxide unit, X3is a copolymerized butylene oxide unit and m, n and o are each 0 or an integer up to 100, the sum of m+n+o being from 1 to 100 and the alkylene oxide units being copolymerized as blocks in any desired sequence or being copolymerized statistically, and its water-soluble salts.","label":"Process","id":453}
{"sentence":"Oligomerisation of olefinic compounds with reduced polymer formationA process for oligomerization of an olefinic compound for producing an oligomeric product is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst, a non-metal oxygen containing additive and optionally a zinc compound. The oligomerization catalyst is an activated catalyst, which is provided by combining a source of chromium, a ligating compound, and a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators. The non-metal oxygen containing additive is present in an amount such that the ratio of the molar amount of the non-metal oxygen containing additive to the molar amount of chromium in the source of chromium per 106g\/g Cr productivity is between 0.01 and 400.1. A process for producing an oligomeric product by oligomerisation of at least one olefinic compound, the process including: a) providing an activated oligomerisation catalyst by combining, in any order, i) a source of chromium; ii) a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n wherein X1and X2are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen or an oxidised nitrogen or phosphorus atom where the valence of X1and\/or X2allows for such oxidation; Y is a linking group between X1and X2; m and n are independently 0, 1 or a larger integer; and R1and R2are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, and R1being the same or different when m>1, and R2being the same or different when n>1; and iii) a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators; and b) contacting at least one olefinic compound with the activated oligomerisation catalyst in the presence of a non-metal oxygen containing additive, which non-metal oxygen containing additive is introduced together with the activated catalyst, after introduction of the activated catalyst but prior to introduction of the olefinic compound, together with the olefinic compound, or after the olefinic compound has contacted the activated catalyst, the non-metal oxygen containing additive being present in an amount such that the ratio of the molar amount of the non-metal oxygen containing additive to the molar amount of chromium pr 106g\/g Cr productivity in the source of chromium is between 0.01 and 400.","label":"Catalyst","id":454}
{"sentence":"Integrated power, cooling, and heating apparatus utilizing waste heat recoveryThe present invention provides an apparatus for utilizing waste heat to power a reconfigurable thermodynamic cycle that can be used to selectively cool or heat an environmentally controlled space, such as a room, building, or vehicle. The present invention also integrates an electric machine, which may operate as a motor or generator, or both, and an additional prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine. Different combinations of these components are preferable for different applications. The system provides a design which reasonably balances the need to maximize efficiency, while also keeping the design cost effective.1. An apparatus for cooling, heating, and generating electricity, comprising: a working fluid capable of both gas and liquid phases; a heater configured to warm the working fluid; a piston engine including an exhaust coupled to provide heat energy to the heater; a liquid pump connected to transfer said working fluid to the heater; a gas expander coupled to receive the working fluid from the heater and mechanically connected to a drive shaft of the piston engine to supplement power provided by the piston engine; a gas compressor mechanically connected to the drive shaft; a clutch mechanically coupled to the drive shaft between the gas expander and gas compressor; an electric machine mechanically attached to the drive shaft and configured to generate electricity from rotation of the drive shaft; a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from said working fluid exiting said gas expander to said working fluid entering said heater; a second heat exchanger coupled to receive said working fluid from an outlet of a hot side of said first heat exchanger and said working fluid from an outlet of said compressor; a thermal expansion valve coupled to receive said working fluid from an outlet of said second heat exchanger; a third heat exchanger coupled to receive the working fluid from the thermal expansion valve; and a selector valve coupled to controllably reverse a function of said second heat exchanger and said third heat exchanger.","label":"Process","id":455}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of haloalkylalkoxysilanes and haloalkylhalosilanesThis invention involves a process for the preparation of haloalkylalkoxysilanes and haloalkylhalosilancs. The process comprises reacting an alkoxyhydridosilane or a halohydridosilanc silane with an alkenylhalide compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of an iridium containing catalyst. When a halohydridosilane is the silane reactant. The resulting haloalkylhalosilane may be alkoxylated by reaction with a C1-C6, alcohol. In another aspect of the invention, the reacting is conducted under a reduced oxygen atmosphere to improve the catalyst activity and the yield of the resulting haloalkylhalosilane or haloalkylalkox vsi lane.1. A process for preparing a haloalkylalkoxysilane, the process comprising: reacting a silane of formula (II), wherein each R1and R3are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n has a value of 0, 1 or 2, with an alkenylhalide compound of formula (III), wherein R2is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo; and z is an integer from 1 to 5, in the presence of a catalytic amount of and iridium containing catalyst having formula (V): wherein Q is selected from 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,3-cyclooctadiene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene and norbornadiene; R4is independently hydrocarbyl, halohydrocabyl, cyanoalkyl, alkoxy, cyanoalkoxy, amino, or hydrocarbyl-substituted amino; R5is independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halohydrocarbyl, or acyl; and R6is independently hydrocarbyl, halohydrocarbyl, or cyanoalkyl, wherein the reacting is conducted under an atmosphere containing <5% (v\/v) oxygen.","label":"Automobile","id":456}
{"sentence":"Stable mixed lithium amide reagent compositionsA method for preparing lithium amides in a monocyclic aromatic solvent and the reagent compositions formed thereby.1. A reagent composition having improved thermal stability and which is free of ether consisting essentially of at least a 0.5 Molar concentration solution of a mixture of lithium amides selected from the group consisting of: wherein R, R's and R&quot; are the same or different and each represent hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkyl monocyclic aliphatic group, R's's's is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy, R4is alkyl or phenyl, W is from 0 to 4, x is an integer of 2 to 8, and y is an integer of 2 to 6, and a monocyclic aromatic solvent, said reagent composition being derived from the reaction of n-alkyl lithium and at least two amines.","label":"Automobile","id":457}
{"sentence":"Plasticizer for vinyl chloride resin containing non-phthalate ester and vinyl chloride resin composition containing such plasticizerAn object of the present invention is to provide a plasticizer for vinyl chloride-based resin superior in cold resistance and volatility resistance, and desirable in flexibility, fogging resistance, heat discoloration resistance, and weather resistance, and to also provide a vinyl chloride-based resin composition comprising the plasticizer. An ester obtained by reacting a specific carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof with a C9 saturated aliphatic alcohol at a specific proportion is superior in cold resistance and volatility resistance, and desirable in flexibility, fogging resistance, heat discoloration resistance, and weather resistance. Therefore, if becomes possible to obtain a vinyl chloride-based resin composition applicable to automobile parts, medical materials, or the like, as well as a molded article of the vinyl chloride-based resin composition.1. A plasticizer for vinyl chloride-based resin, comprising an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid ester (C) obtained by reacting an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (A) and an alcohol (B), wherein: (i) the alcohol (B) is a saturated aliphatic alcohol (B1) comprising a C9 saturated aliphatic alcohol as a major component; (ii) the saturated aliphatic alcohol (B1) comprises a linear C9 saturated aliphatic alcohol (B1-1) of 85.1 to 95 wt %, and a branched C9 saturated aliphatic alcohol (B1-2) of 5 to 11.7 wt %; (iii) the linear-chain ratio of the alcohol (B1) is 85.1% or more; and (iv) the alicyclic dicarboxylic acid ester (C) does not substantially comprise a phthalate ester obtained by reacting a phthalic acid compound or a derivative thereof with an alkyl alcohol having 8 or fewer carbon atoms.","label":"HouseConst","id":458}
{"sentence":"Method for producing polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin powderFrom a view point of reduction in an out of spec product after surface crosslinking, particularly, when an alkylene carbonate compound is used as a surface crosslinking agent, influence by an air temperature is great, and it is necessary to reduce ethylene glycol which is produced as a byproduct, and there is provided a process for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin powder, comprising a step of polymerizing an aqueous acrylic acid (salt)-based monomer solution, a step of drying the resulting polymer, an optional grinding•classifying step, and a surface crosslinking step, wherein in the surface crosslinking step, (1) a surface crosslinking agent containing an alkylene carbonate compound and a polyhydric alcohol compound is mixed into a water absorbent resin powder, the mixture is heat-reacted and, further, simultaneously with, or separately from the mixing, an ion reactive surface crosslinking agent is mixed, and\/or (2) mixing treatment of mixing a surface crosslinking agent solution into a water absorbent resin powder containing at least one or more kinds of ion reactive surface crosslinking agents is performed two or more times.1. A polyacrylic acid (salt)-based surface crosslinked water absorbent resin powder, wherein the polyacrylic acid (salt)-based surface crosslinked water absorbent resin powder has a saline flow conductivity (SFC) retention after a paint shaker test at 800 cycle\/minute for 20 minutes of 80% or more, and comprises 100 to 1000 weight ppm of ethylene glycol, 1000 to 10000 weight ppm of a C3-C6 polyhydric alcohol, and a polyvalent metal cation or polyvalent cationic polymer, and an internal gas bubble ratio is 0.5% or more.","label":"Household","id":459}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer compositions having color stabilityThe invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymeric compositions that are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups wherein the absorptive, crosslinked polymeric composition further includes an antioxidant and is color stable.1. A superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a superabsorbent polymer comprising: a) from about 55% to about 99.9% by weight of the superabsorbent polymer of polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer based on the superabsorbent polymer; and b) from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of internal crosslinking agent based on the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer; c) from about 50 to 1000 ppm of a thermal initiator based on the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer; wherein the superabsorbent polymer has a degree of neutralization of greater than about 25%; wherein elements a), b) and c) are polymerized into a crosslinked hydrogel, which is then prepared into superabsorbent polymer particles; the superabsorbent polymer composition further consisting essentially of the following surface additives to form superabsorbent polymer composition particles i) from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of surface crosslinking agent based on the superabsorbent polymer composition; and ii) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of an antioxidant based on the superabsorbent polymer composition is added to the polymerized product whether in crosslinked hydrogel or subsequent superabsorbent polymer particles or superabsorbent polymer composition particle form, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of a sulfinic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-sulfonatoacetic acid, sulfamic acid, and sulfonic acid, and salts and derivatives of the foregoing and mixtures thereof, iii) from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer based on the superabsorbent polymer composition wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyethylene, styrene polybutadiene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), ethylene alkyl methacrylate copolymer (EMA), polypropylene (PP), maleated polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyester, polyamide, and blends of all families of polyolefins, and wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition has a free swell gel bed permeability of at least about 6 Darcy as measured by the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test.","label":"Household","id":460}
{"sentence":"Method for preparing alicyclic carboxylic acids and their estersA method for the continuous preparation of an alicyclic carboxylic acid or an ester of the alicyclic carboxylic acid. A plastic which incorporates the alicyclic carboxylic acid or an ester of the alicyclic carboxylic acid. An article made of a plastic which incorporates the alicyclic carboxylic acid or an ester of the alicyclic carboxylic acid. A liquid which incorporates the alicycic carboxylic acid or an ester of the alicyclic carboxylic acid.1. A method for the continuous preparation of an alicyclic carboxylic acid or an ester thereof comprising catalytically hydrogenating an aromatic carboxylic acid, an ester thereof, an anhydride thereof, or a mixture of two or more of these, with a hydrogen-comprising gas in the presence of at least one solid catalyst disposed in a fixed bed, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in at least three series-connected hydrogenation units; wherein at least the first two series-connected hydrogenation units of the at least three series-connected hydrogenation units are operated in loop operating mode; wherein the at least the first two series-connected hydrogenation unites operating in loop operating mode operate with different residence times, and wherein the residence time in one of the at least first two series-connected hydrogenation units operating in loop operating mode is less than the residence time in a directly following hydrogenation unit operating in loop operating mode.","label":"HouseConst","id":461}
{"sentence":"Method of converting a polyol to an olefinA method of preparing an olefin comprising: reacting a polyol in the presence of a carboxylic acid, such that an olefin is produced by the deoxygenation of the polyol. The reacting step can comprise (a) providing a composition comprising the polyol, (b) heating the composition, and (c) introducing the carboxylic acid to the composition wherein the introducing step occurs prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to the heating step. In one embodiment, the polyol is glycerol, the carboxylic acid is formic acid, and the olefin is allyl alcohol, which is produced at a yield of about 80% or greater.1. A method of preparing an olefin comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising the polyol, (b) heating the composition in the absence of oxygen, and (c) introducing the carboxylic acid to the composition wherein the introducing step occurs prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to the heating step; wherein the composition is exposed to an inert atmosphere at any time during the heating step.","label":"Process","id":462}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer compositions having a triggering compositionThe present invention relates to absorbent compositions which exhibit swelling, deswelling, and reswelling behavior. More specifically, absorbent compositions of this invention swell and absorb fluids after exposure to aqueous fluids, deswell and release fluids from the swollen absorbent compositions, and may also reswell and absorb fluids. The swelling-deswelling-reswelling behavior allows enhanced liquid distribution in absorbent composites.1. An absorbent composition comprising: a. a superabsorbent polymer composition comprising poly (acrylic acid) wherein said superabsorbent polymer composition has a degree of neutralization of less than about 70 molar per cent and a pH of less than about 6 wherein the superabsorbent polymer composition is a water-swellable, water-insoluble material and having a centrifuge retention capacity of at least about 25g\/g; b. a first triggering composition for deswelling a swollen superabsorbent polymer composition which has absorbed liquid to form a deswelled superabsorbent polymer composition wherein the first triggering composition comprises a first water-soluble chemical comprising cations X having an ionized valence of two or more; and c. a second triggering composition for reswelling the deswelled superabsorbent polymer composition wherein the second triggering composition comprises a second water-soluble chemical comprising anions Y; wherein the first water-soluble chemical and the second water-soluble chemical are encapsulated with a coating selected from a polymeric coating material which is selected from poly(meth)acrylate copolymers, polyacrylate copolymers, ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol, maleated polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, or combinations thereof; and wherein the cations X of the first water-soluble chemical are capable of complexing with the anionic functional groups of the superabsorbent polymer composition; and the anions Y of the second water-soluble chemical are capable of complexing with the cations X to form a salt having a solubility product constant Ksp<10-5.","label":"Household","id":463}
{"sentence":"Contact lens cleaning material formed of a polymerA cleaning material for a contact lens formed of a polymer which is obtained by polymerizing a polymeric composition including at least a nonionic surface active agent having a polymerizable unsaturated double bond, and a cross-linking agent having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated double bonds.1. A contact lens cleaning material in a solid form, said material being formed of a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymeric composition including: not less than 5 wt. % of a polyoxethylated nonionic surface active agent having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and 0.01 to 5 wt. % of a cross-linking agent having a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.","label":"Process","id":464}
{"sentence":"MODIFYING AGENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MODIFIED CONJUGATED DIENE POLYMER USING MODIFYING AGENT, AND MODIFIED CONJUGATED DIENE POLYMERProvided are a modifying agent obtained by subjecting a silicon-containing compound having a protected primary amino group and at least two hydrolyzable groups to complete condensation, a method of producing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer obtained by the production method, a rubber composition using the polymer, and a pneumatic tire. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer has excellent low heat generating property and abrasion resistance, and the rubber composition is obtained by using the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and the pneumatic tire is obtained by using the rubber composition.1 . A modifying agent obtained by subjecting a silicon-containing compound having a protected primary amino group and at least two hydrolyzable groups to complete condensation.","label":"Automobile","id":465}
{"sentence":"Crosslinking agent for water-absorbing resin and water-absorbing material obtained with the sameA crosslinking agent for water-absorbing resins which comprises (A) at least one halohydrin compound selected between (A1) a first halohydrin compound having per molecule at least two halohydrin groups (D) represented by the general formula (I), wherein R 1 represents hydrogen or alkyl and X represents chlorine or bromine and (A2) a second halohydrin compound having per molecule at least two halohydrin groups (D) represented by the formula (I) and having per molecule at least one ammonium group (M) represented by the general formula (II), wherein R 2 's each independently represents a C 1-4 hydrocarbon group or benzyl.1. A crosslinking agent for use in the crosslinking of water absorbing resin particles which comprises at least one halohydrin compound (A) selected from the group consisting of: (A1) a first halohydrin compound (A1) which has in the molecule at least two halohydrin groups D having the general formula (I) wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and X is chlorine atom or bromine atom; and (A2) a second halohydrin compound (A2) which has in the molecule at least two said halohydrin groups D and at least one ammonium group M having the general formula (II) wherein R 2 is independently a hydrocarbon group of 1-4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group.","label":"Household","id":466}
{"sentence":"Diphosphine ligand and transition metal complex using the sameThe present invention provides a novel ligand represented by the following formula and a novel transition metal complex having the ligand, which shows superior enantioselectivity and catalytic efficiency, particularly high catalyst activity, in various asymmetric synthesis reactions. A transition metal complex having, as a ligand, a compound represented by the formula    wherein R4is a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and R5and R6are each a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), or the formula    is a group represented by the formula    wherein ring B is a 3- to 8-membered ring optionally having substituent(s).1. A transition metal complex having, as a ligand, a compound represented by the formula wherein R4is a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and R5and R6are each a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), or R4is a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and the formula is a group represented by the formula wherein ring B is a 3- to 8-membered ring optionally having substituent(s).","label":"Catalyst","id":467}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer with high permeabilityThe invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymers which are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers carrying acid groups, and have improved properties, in particular in respect of their capacity for transportation of liquids in the swollen state, and which has a high gel bed permeability and high centrifuge retention capacity.1. A particulate superabsorbent polymer composition comprising: a) from about 55 to about 99.9 wt. % of a monomer, which contain carboxyl groups including acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or mixtures of these monomers wherein the monomer is neutralized to from 50 to 80 mol %; b) from about 0.001 to about 3.0 wt. % based on the weight of a) of internal crosslinking agent; wherein elements a) and b) are polymerized into a polymer gel which is then dried in a forced air oven to have a moisture content of less than 5 wt %, and comminuted into particulate superabsorbent polymer composition having a particle size of from 150 to 850 μm and a particle surface and further comprising c) from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt. % based on a dry polymer powder weight of an alkylene carbonate applied to the particle surface in a surface crosslinking step; d) from about 0.01% to about 5 wt. % based on the dry polymer powder weight of polyethylene glycol or tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether added immediately prior to or during the surface crosslinking step; e) from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. % based on the dry polymer powder weight of a multivalent metal salt selected from aluminum sulfate on the particle surface; f) from about 0.01 to about 5 wt % based on the dry polymer powder weight of a water-insoluble, inorganic powder selected from kaolin, silicon dioxide, fumed silica, silicic acid, silicates, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, fumed alumina, calcium phosphate, or clays; and g) from about 0.1 to about 0.3 wt % based on the dry polymer powder weight of a surfactant selected from disodium cocoamphopropionate or cocomonoethanol amide with 4.5 moles ethoxylation; wherein the composition has a degree of neutralization of more than about 25%; and a Centrifuge Retention Capacity of from about 23 g\/g to about 40 g\/g as determined by the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test set forth herein and a gel bed permeability of from about 400×10−9cm2to about 2500×10−9cm2as determined by the Gel Bed Permeability Test set forth herein.","label":"Household","id":468}
{"sentence":"FRAGRANCE FIXATIVESCompositions are provided that contain fragrance compounds and fragrance fixatives selected from C4-C8 alkyl terephthalates. Scented compositions and scented articles containing such compositions are also provided. Also disclosed are methods for imparting a fragrance to a location and methods for formulating the compositions of the present invention.1 . A fragrance composition comprising: at least one fragrance compound; and di-n-butyl terephthalate.","label":"HouseConst","id":469}
{"sentence":"Plasticizer composition which comprises cycloalkyl esters of saturated dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic estersThe present invention relates to a plasticizer composition which comprises at least one cycloalkyl ester of saturated dicarboxylic acids and at least one 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic ester, to molding compositions which comprise a thermoplastic polymer or an elastomer and this plasticizer composition, and to the use of these plasticizer compositions and molding compositions.1. A plasticizer composition comprising a1) one or more compounds of the general formula (I.a),  in which A is methyl or ethyl, n is 1 or 2 and R1and R2are selected independently of each other from C5-C7-cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or can be substituted by at least one C1-C10-alkyl moiety, and b) one or more compounds of the general formula (II),  in which R3and R4are selected independently of each other from branched and unbranched C7-C12-alkyl moieties.","label":"HouseConst","id":470}
{"sentence":"Process for the production of alkali metal silicate-organic plasticsPolymerable organic compounds are emulsified with aqueous alkali metal silicate solutions then polymerized with a catalyst such as a peroxide type catalyst thereby producing an alkali metal silicate organic plastic which may be used as an adhesive or as molding powder.1. The process for the production of foamed polyurethane silicate product by mixing and reacting the following components: (a) an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution in the amount of 100 parts by weight; (b) a polymerizable unsaturated organic compound in the amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight; (c) a mono or polycarboxylic acid salt-forming compound in the amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight; (d) an initiator in a catalytic amount; (e) 50 to 200 parts by weight of a polyisocyanate, up to 10% by weight of a polyisocyanate initiator, up to 20% by weight of an emulsifier, up to 50% by weight of a blowing agent, up to 20% by weight of a regulator, and 1 to 150 parts by weight of a polyol are mixed with the emulsive mixture of Components (a), (b), (c) and (d), thereby producing a foamed polyurethane silicate product; percentages are based on weight of the Components (a), (b), (c) and (d).","label":"HouseConst","id":471}
{"sentence":"Elastomeric compositions comprising vinylaromatic block copolymer, polypropylene, plastomer, and low molecular weight polyolefinA composition comprising: (i) at least one low molecular weight polyolefin; (ii) at least one block copolymer obtainable by selectively hydrogenating a block copolymer having terminal polymeric blocks of a vinyl aromatic monomer and a mid-block prepared originally with an olefin and subsequently hydrogenated; (iii) at least one polypropylene; and (iv) at least one plastomer, wherein the plastomer is an ethylene based polymer having a density of 0.86 g\/cc to about 0.910 g\/cc or a propylene based polymer having a heat of fusion (Hf) of 70 J\/g or less.1. A composition comprising: (i) at least one low molecular weight polyalphaolefin having an Mn of 300 to 15,000 g\/mol, a viscosity index of at least 130 according to ASTM D2270, a pour point of −20° C. or less according to ASTM D97, a flash point of 200° C. or more according to ASTM D56, and a specific gravity (15.6° C.) of 0.855 or less; (ii) at least one block copolymer obtainable by selectively hydrogenating a block copolymer having terminal polymeric blocks of a vinyl aromatic monomer and a mid-block prepared originally with an olefin and subsequently hydrogenated; (iii) at least one polypropylene selected from propylene homopolymers and copolymers having a 1% secant flexural modulus of from 100 to 2300 MPa and propylene impact copolymers having a melting point of 145° C. or more; and (iv) at least one plastomer having a melt flow rate (MFR) at 190° C. (2.16 kg load) of 0.1 dg\/min to 100 dg\/min), wherein the plastomer is an ethylene based polymer having a density of 0.86 g\/cc to about 0.910 g\/cc or a propylene based polymer having a heat of fusion (Hf) of 70 J\/g or less; and wherein said composition is characterized by a decrease in 100% Modulus of less than 15%, and at least one of the following, when measured after aging at 125° C. in air for 5 days: decrease in Tensile Strength of less than 55%; decrease in Elongation at Break of less than 25%; and decrease in Toughness of less than 60%; wherein the decrease is measured relative to the original sample prior to aging.","label":"HouseConst","id":472}
{"sentence":"Heat pump for high purity bottom productA process for reducing the energy consumption of a distillation column is disclosed. The process includes drawing off an intermediate vapor stream from the rectification section of the distillation column. The vapor stream is compressed and the heat in the vapor stream is exchanged with a portion of the liquid bottoms stream. The heat transfer condenses a portion of the vapor stream, while vaporizing the liquid bottoms stream.1. A process of separating a less volatile component in a mixture comprising: passing the mixture to a feed section of a distillation column having the feed section, a stripping section and a rectifying section, wherein the stripping section has an outlet for drawing off a bottoms stream, and the rectifying section has a first outlet for drawing off an overhead vapor stream and a second outlet for a side vapor stream; passing a portion of the overhead vapor stream to a condenser, thereby creating a overhead condensed stream; passing a portion of the bottoms stream to a first reboiler, thereby creating a bottoms vapor stream; passing a portion of the bottoms stream to a second reboiler, where in the second reboiler is a heat exchanger with a liquid side and a vapor side, thereby creating a second bottoms vapor stream; drawing of the side vapor stream from a first vertical position of the distillation column and passing the side vapor stream to a heat pump compressor thereby creating a compressed side vapor stream; passing the compressed side vapor stream to the vapor side of the second reboiler, thereby creating a cooled compressed side return stream; passing the cooled compressed side return stream to a second vertical position of the distillation column, below the first vertical position; and passing the bottoms vapor stream and the second bottoms vapor stream to the bottom of the stripping section.","label":"Process","id":473}
{"sentence":"Low energy extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanolA thermally-integrated extractive distillation process for recovering anhydrous ethanol from fermentation or synthetic feedstocks has a distillation train of four columns. Two columns are preconcentrators operated in parallel. The remaining columns are an extractive distillation dehydrating tower, and an entrainer-recovery column. The two preconcentrators and the dehydrating tower are operated at three successively increasing pressures so that the condensing vapors of the overhead product of the dehydrating tower supply the necessary heat to the reboiler of the intermediate-pressure preconcentrator. The overhead vapors of this preconcentrator are, in turn, used to supply the required heat to the reboiler of the lowest-pressure preconcentrator. The bottom product from each preconcentrator is used to preheat the dilute feed. Additional energy savings are accomplished by the appropriate heat exchange between the various feeds, overheads, and bottoms.1. A method for the production of substantially anhydrous ethanol comprising the steps of: (a) splitting a feed of a dilute ethanol in water mixture into first and second stream; (b) distilling said first stream in a first preconcentrating distillation column to produce a first liquid bottoms product and a first concentrated ethanol overhead vapor stream; (c) distilling said second stream in a second preconcentrating distillation column at an increased pressure relative to said first preconcentrating column to produce a second liquid bottoms product and a second concentrated ethanol overhead vapor stream; (d) preheating said first and second streams with said first and second bottoms products respectively; (e) condensing and combining said first and said second concentrated ethanol overhead vapor stream; (f) distilling said combined first and second concentrated ethanol overhead streams by extractive distillation in a third distillation column at an increased pressure relative to both preconcentrating columns to produce a third liquid bottoms product and a third overhead vapor stream; (g) distilling said third liquid bottoms product in a fourth distillation column to produce a fourth liquid bottoms stream and a fourth overhead vapor product; (h) recycling said fourth liquid bottoms stream to said third distillation column as an upper feed stream; (i) recovering heat from the condensation of said second concentrated ethanol overhead vapor stream, and using said recovered heat for heating said first preconcentrating distillation column; (j) condensing said third overhead vapor stream to result in substantially anhydrous ethanol with heat recovered therefrom being used to heat said second preconcentrating distillation column; (k) heating said third liquid bottoms and said fourth liquid bottoms with outside sources of heat; (l) preheating combined first and second overhead streams from said first and second distillation columns prior to their introduction into said third distillation column by first acquiring thermal values from aid recycled fourth liquid bottoms stream and then from said third liquid bottoms product, wherein said fourth distillation column is pressurized at a range of from subatmospheric pressure to about 2 atmospheres pressure.","label":"Process","id":474}
{"sentence":"Method for producing water-absorbent resinA method for producing a water-absorbent resin by a reversed-phase suspension polymerization method, includes step 1 of dispersing a first aqueous solution containing a partially neutralized product (A) of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer having acid groups in the molecule in a petroleum-type hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersing agent, and then polymerizing the resulting dispersion to obtain a slurry containing primary particles of a polymer, and step 2 of adding a second aqueous solution containing a partially neutralized product (B) of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer having acid groups in the molecule to the slurry obtained in step 1, and then polymerizing the mixture to obtain a slurry in which the primary particles are agglomerated. In the method, a molar neutralization degree X of the partially neutralized product (A) and a molar neutralization degree Y of the partially neutralized product (B) are defined.1. A method for producing a water-absorbent resin by a reversed-phase suspension polymerization method, the method comprising: step 1 of dispersing a first aqueous solution containing a partially neutralized product (A) of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer having acid groups in the molecule in a petroleum-type hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersing agent, and then polymerizing the resulting dispersion to obtain a slurry containing primary particles of a polymer, and step 2 of adding a second aqueous solution containing a partially neutralized product (B) of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer having acid groups in the molecule to the slurry obtained in step 1, and then polymerizing the resulting mixture to obtain a slurry in which the primary particles are agglomerated, and a drying step of removing the petroleum-type hydrocarbon dispersion medium and moisture from the slurry obtained in step 2, wherein the dispersing agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a surfactant and a polymer-type dispersing agent, and a molar neutralization degree X of the partially neutralized product (A) is set larger than a molar neutralization degree Y of the partially neutralized product (B), and a difference between the molar neutralization degree X and the molar neutralization degree Y is set to 5% or more.","label":"Household","id":475}
{"sentence":"Conjugated diolefin (co)polymer rubber, process for producing (co)polymer rubber, rubber composition, composite, and tireDisclosed are a conjugated diolefin (co) polymer rubber formed from either a conjugated diolefin or a conjugated diolefin and an aromatic vinyl compound, wherein the (co) polymer rubber has a primary amino group and an alkoxysilyl group which are bonded to a (co) polymer chain; a process for producing the same; a rubber composition; a composite; and a tire. The (co) polymer rubber has satisfactory processability, and can give an automotive tire tread having a balance among wear resistance, failure characteristics, low hysteresis loss and wet-skid characteristics.1. A conjugated diolefin (co)polymer rubber, which is represented by the following formula (1) or (2): wherein P is a (co)polymer chain of a conjugated diolefin or a conjugated diolefin and an aromatic vinyl compound, R1is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R2and R3are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an allyl group or an aryl group, n is an integer of 1 or 2, m is an integer of 1 or 2, and k is an integer of 1 or 2, with the proviso that n+m+k is an integer of 3 or 4, wherein P, R1, R2and R3have the same definitions as given for the above-mentioned formula (1), j is an integer of 1 to 3, and h is an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that j+h is an integer of 2 to 4.","label":"Automobile","id":476}
{"sentence":"POLYMERS, RUBBER COMPOSITIONS, AND TIRESThe present invention relates to polymers, rubber compositions, and tires. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to polymers comprising repeat units provided from at least one amine monomer. The amine monomer can be an amine styrene monomer. Examples of amine styrenes monomer are provided. In other embodiments, a polymer can be made from the copolymerization of at least one amine monomer and at least one monomer that is used to make synthetic rubber, such as at least one conjugated diolefin monomer. These polymers can be terminated with a terminating group, including, for example, those having a hydrolyzable group. Rubber compositions can be made from the above-described polymers. Tires can be made from the polymers or from the rubber compositions.1 . A polymer comprising (a) a terminating group provided from a terminating compound XnSi(OR)mR′4-m-n wherein X is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, R is an alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 7 carbons, R′ is a alkyl group with from about 1 carbon to about 20 carbons, an aryl group, a vinyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, m is an integer from about 1 to about 4, n is an integer from about 0 to about 2, and a sum of n and m is from 1 to 4; (b) repeat units comprising: (1) a repeat unit provided from a conjugated diolefin monomer, and (2) a repeat unit provided from an amine monomer.","label":"Automobile","id":477}
{"sentence":"Aerogel based compositesComposites, such as syntactic foams, are described. The composite contains at least one polymer and at least one aerogel. The aerogel is coated with a coating substance to at least substantially prevent the intrusion of the polymer into the pores of the aerogel. Methods of making the composite are also described, as well as uses of the composite.1. A composite comprising at least one polymer as a continuous phase and aerogels in particulate form having pores, wherein the aerogels are dispersed amongst the continuous phase and said at least one polymer comprises a majority in weight percent of the composite, wherein said polymer does not substantially enter the pores of said aerogels and wherein said aerogels are coated on a surface thereof with a coating to substantially prevent intrusion of said polymer into said pores wherein the coating encapsulates from 75% to 100% of surface area of the surface of said aerogel, wherein said coating is a different coating from said continuous phase, and wherein said polymer is an organic polymer and said coating is a water-based polymer coating comprising a surfactant or wetting agent.","label":"Household","id":478}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent polymer having improved absorption rate and absorption under pressureA superabsorbent polymer having improved absorption under pressure and fast absorption rate is obtained by first providing a solution containing carboxylic acid monomers or water soluble salts thereof, and a crosslinking agent. A carbonate blowing agent and a polymerization initiator are added, individually or in combination, to the solution to form a carbonated monomer solution. A polymerization initiator is then added to the carbonated monomer solution which is then polymerized at temperatures ranging from about 0° C. to about 130° C., forming a microcellular hydrogel. The microcellular hydrogel is chopped or ground into gel pieces having a particle diameter ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 5.0 cm. The gel pieces are dried at temperatures ranging from about 85° C. to about 210° C., and are then ground to form a polymer having a particle size of from about 0.05 mm to about 5.0 mm. A mixture is formed from 100 parts by weight of the polymer and about 0.001 to about 30 parts by weight of a surface crosslinking agent. The polymer is reacted with the surface crosslinking agent to crosslink molecular chains existing on a surface of the polymer, forming the superabsorbent polymer.1. A porous core superabsorbent polymer preparable by the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a solution containing carboxylic acid monomers or water soluble salts thereof, and a crosslinking agent; (b) adding a carbonate blowing agent and a polymerization initiator, individually or in combination, to the solution to form a carbonated monomer solution; (c) polymerizing the carbonated monomer solution at temperatures ranging from about 0° C. to about 130° C. to form a porous core hydrogel; (d) chopping or grinding the porous core hydrogel into gel pieces having a particle diameter ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 5.0 cm; (e) drying the porous core gel pieces at temperatures ranging from about 85° C. to about 210° C. to form a porous core polymer; (f) grinding the pieces to form a porous core polymer having a particle size of from about 0.05 mm to about 5.0 mm; (g) mixing 100 parts by weight of the porous core polymer with about 0.001 to about 30 parts by weight of a surface crosslinking agent; and (h) reacting the porous core polymer with the surface crosslinking agent to crosslink molecular chains existing on a surface of the porous core polymer, forming the porous core superabsorbent polymer.","label":"Household","id":479}
{"sentence":"Ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer compositionThe instant invention provides an ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer composition suitable for blown film applications, and blown films made therefrom. The ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer composition suitable for blown film applications according to the present invention comprises greater than 80 percent by weight of units derived from ethylene and 20 percent or less by weight of units derived from one or more alpha olefin co-monomers, wherein said ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer has a density in the range of from 0.910 to 0.918 g\/cm3, a melt index I2 in the range of from 0.5 to 1.1 g\/10 minutes, a melt flow ratio I10\/I2 in the range of from 8 to 10, a melt strength in the range of from 3 to 6 cN, a highest temperature fraction in the range of from 11 to 14 percent determined by CEF, a highest peak temperature fraction by CEF in range of from 96 to 100° C., and a lowest temperature fraction from CEF in the range of from 2 to 5 percent, and a DSC heat curve having three melting peaks with a highest temperature melting peak in the range of from 120 to 124° C., a crystallinity in the range of from 40 to 50 percent.1. A blown film comprising an ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer composition comprising greater than 80 percent by weight of units derived from ethylene and 20 percent or less by weight of units derived from one or more alpha olefin co-monomers, wherein said ethylene\/alpha-olefin interpolymer has a density in the range of from 0.910 to 0.916 g\/cm3, a melt index I2 in the range of from 0.5 to 1.1 g\/10 minutes, a melt flow ratio I10\/I2 in the range of from 8 to 10, a melt strength in the range of from 3 to 6 cN, a highest temperature fraction in the range of from 8 to 15 percent determined by CEF, a highest peak temperature fraction by CEF in the range of from 96 to 100° C., and a lowest temperature fraction from CEF in the range of from 2 to 5 percent, and a DSC heat curve having three melting peaks with a highest temperature melting peak in the range of from 120 to 124° C., and a crystallinity in the range of from 40 to 50 percent.","label":"Construct","id":480}
{"sentence":"RUBBER COMPOSITION FOR USE IN TIRES, AND PNEUMATIC TIREThe present invention provides a rubber composition for a tire, which improves in fuel economy, wet grip performance, and abrasion resistance; and a pneumatic tire using the same. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire, including: a rubber component including a modified styrene butadiene rubber that contains a constitutional unit derived from a specific nitrogen-containing compound in a main chain; silica; and a specific silane coupling agent.1 . A rubber composition for a tire, comprising: a rubber component comprising a modified styrene butadiene rubber that contains a constitutional unit derived from a nitrogen-containing compound in a main chain; silica; and at least one silane coupling agent, the nitrogen-containing compound being represented by the following formula: wherein R0represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C30 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C3-C30 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a C5-C30 aromatic hydrocarbon group; R1and R2are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, provided that at least one of R1and R2is not a hydrogen atom; R3represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 hydrocarbon group; X represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group optionally containing nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and optionally substituted with wherein Z represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group optionally containing nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and R4to R7are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C30 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C3-C30 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C5-C30 aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 ring member atoms, and the at least one silane coupling agent being selected from the group consisting of a silane coupling agent represented by the following formula (1) and a silane coupling agent comprising linking units A represented by the following formula (2) and linking units B represented by the following formula (3): wherein R21represents a group represented by —O—(R25—O)t—R26in which t pieces of R25are the same or different and each represent a branched or unbranched C1-C30 divalent hydrocarbon group; R26represents a branched or unbranched C1-C30 alkyl group, a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkenyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, or a C7-C30 aralkyl group; and t represents an integer of 1 to 30; R22and R23are the same or different and each represent a group as defined for R21, a branched or unbranched C1-C12 alkyl group, or a group represented by —O—R27in which R27represents a hydrogen atom, a branched or unbranched C1-C30 alkyl group, a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkenyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, or a C7-C30 aralkyl group; and R24represents a branched or unbranched C1-C30 alkylene group; wherein x is an integer of 0 or greater; y is an integer of 1 or greater; R26represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a branched or unbranched C1-C30 alkyl or alkylene group, a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkenyl or alkenylene group, a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkynyl or alkynylene group, or the alkyl or alkenyl group that is terminally substituted with a hydroxy or carboxyl group; R29represents a hydrogen atom, a branched or unbranched C1-C30 alkylene or alkyl group, a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkenylene or alkenyl group, or a branched or unbranched C2-C30 alkynylene or alkynyl group; and a pair of R28and R29may form a ring structure.","label":"Automobile","id":481}
{"sentence":"Photoresist composition for resist flow process, and process for forming contact hole using the sameThe present invention provides photoresist resins and photoresist compositions comprising the same, which are useful in a resist flow process. The present invention also provides a process for forming a contact hole pattern using the same. In particular, the photoresist resin of the present invention comprises a mixture of polymers. Preferably, a mixture of a first copolymer and a second copolymer. In one aspect, the first and the second copolymers have different properties. Photoresist compositions of the present invention can be used to reduce or eliminate photoresist overflow during a resist flow process. In addition, photoresist compositions of the present invention allow formation of uniform sized patterns and improve standing wave effect.1. A photoresist composition comprising a photoresist resin, a photoacid generator and an organic solvent, wherein said photoresist resin comprises: (a) a first copolymer derived from a first copolymer monomer comprising a compound of the formula: &emsp;or mixtures thereof, and (b) a second copolymer derived from a second copolymer monomer comprising a compound of the formula: &emsp;or mixtures thereof wherein at least one of said first or second copolymer monomer further comprises a cross-linking monomer of the formula: wherein each R 2 is independently H, or optionally substituted linear or branched (C 1 -C 10 ) alkyl or aryl; R 8 is H or methyl; R 17 is an acid labile protecting group; R and R′ are independently optionally substituted linear or branched (C 0 -C 10 ) alkylene; x and y are independently 1 or 2; R 1 is H or alkyl; R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently H, or optionally substituted or linear or branched (C 1 -C 10 ) alkyl or aryl; and n is an integer from 1 to 5.","label":"IndustConst","id":482}
{"sentence":"Color-stable superabsorbent polymer compositionA color-stable superabsorbent polymer having long-term color stability, and methods of manufacturing the polymer, are disclosed. The color-stable superabsorbent polymer is prepared in the essential absence of a persulfate, and is subjected to a low dose of ultraviolet radiation. The resulting superabsorbent polymer resists color degradation during periods of extended storage, even at an elevated temperature and humidity.1. A method of manufacturing color-stable superabsorbent polymer particles comprising the steps of: (a) forming a monomer mixture comprising: (i) at least one monomer capable of forming a superabsorbent polymer, (ii) a crosslinking agent, (iii) an initiator system that contains 0 to 300 ppm of a persulfate; (iv) a photoinitiator, and (v) optionally water; (b) polymerizing the monomer and the crosslinking agent in the monomer mixture to form a superabsorbent polymer hydrogel having a water content of 25 wt.% or less; (c) subjecting the superabsorbent polymer hydrogel to a UV radiation of 2000 milliwatt\/cm2or less; (d) then comminuting the superabsorbent polymer hydrogel to provide superabsorbent hydrogel particles; and (e) drying the superabsorbent polymer hydrogel particles for a sufficient time at a sufficient temperature to provide the color-stable superabsorbent polymer particles.","label":"Household","id":483}
{"sentence":"Elastic, heat and moisture resistant bicomponent and biconstituent fibersFibers having improved resistance to moisture at elevated temperatures comprise at least two elastic polymers, one polymer heat-settable and the other polymer heat-resistant, the heat-resistant polymer comprising at least a portion of the exterior surface of the fiber. The fibers typically have a bicomponent and\/or a biconstituent core\/sheath morphology. Typically, the core comprises an elastic thermoplastic urethane, and the sheath comprises a homogeneously branched polyolefin, preferably a homogeneously branched substantially linear ethylene polymer.1. A fiber having an exterior surface, the fiber comprising at least two elastic polymers, one polymer heat-settable and the other polymer a heat-resistant polyethylene, the heat-resistant polyethylene comprising at least a portion of exterior surface and having a gel-content of more than about 30 wt %, the fiber further comprising a compatibilizer.","label":"Construct","id":484}
{"sentence":"LINEAR LOW DENSITY COMPOSITION SUITABLE FOR FILM APPLICATIONS AND FILMS MADE THEREFROMThe instant invention provides a linear low density polyethylene composition suitable for film applications, and films made therefrom. The linear low density polyethylene composition suitable for film applications comprises: (a) less than or equal to 100 percent by weight of the units derived from ethylene; and (b) less than 35 percent by weight of units derived from one or more α-olefin comonomers; wherein said linear low density polyethylene composition has a density in the range of 0.905 to 0.925 g\/cm3, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 3 g\/10 minutes, a molecular weight distribution (Mz\/Mw) in the range of from 2.2 to 3, vinyl unsaturation of less than 0.1 vinyls per one thousand carbon atoms present in the backbone of said composition, and a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range from 1 to 1.2.1 . A linear low density polyethylene composition suitable for film applications comprising: less than or equal to 100 percent by weight of the units derived from ethylene; less than 35 percent by weight of units derived from one or more α-olefin comonomers; wherein said linear low density polyethylene composition has a density in the range of 0.905 to 0.925 g\/cm3, a molecular weight distribution (Mw\/Mn) in the range of 2.5 to 4.5, a melt index (I2) in the range of 0.1 to 1.8 g\/10 minutes, a molecular weight distribution (Mz\/Mw) in the range of from 2.2 to 3, vinyl unsaturation of less than 0.1 vinyls per one thousand carbon atoms present in the backbone of said composition, and a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range from 1 to 1.2.","label":"HouseConst","id":485}
{"sentence":"Method for producing alpha-methyl styrene from cumeneA method for controlling the production of heavy compounds in the production of alpha-methyl styrene is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a first composition to a distillation column, said first composition comprising acetone, phenol, cumene and alpha-methyl styrene; refining the first composition in the distillation column to produce a second composition comprising at least 1 wt. % alpha-methyl styrene and at least one organic acid, wherein the second composition includes a higher weight percentage of alpha-methyl styrene than the first composition; and adding an amine to the second composition.1. A method for controlling the production of heavy compounds in the production of alpha-methyl styrene comprising: providing a first composition to a distillation column, said first composition comprising acetone, phenol, cumene and alpha-methyl styrene; refining the first composition in the distillation column to produce a second composition comprising at least 1 wt. % alpha-methyl styrene and at least one organic acid, wherein the second composition includes a higher weight percentage of alpha-methyl styrene than the first composition; and adding an amine to the second composition.","label":"Process","id":486}
{"sentence":"Ethylene copolymer and ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer composition and propylene polymer composition both containing the ethylene copolymerAn ethylene-based copolymer is useful as a modifier for resins, e.g., polypropylene, and can be used in an ethylene\/α-olefin copolymer composition containing the same ethylene-based copolymer. The inventive copolymer is characterize by: (a-1) having temperature (Tm) at the maximum peak in the endothermic curve, measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), of 40 to 90° C., (a-2) containing the component soluble in decane at normal temperature at 1 to 70% b weight, and (a-3) containing the component soluble in decane at normal temperature which comprises (i) a recurring unit derived from ethylene and (ii) a recurring unit derived from an α-olefin of 4 or more carbon atoms, and in which a content of (i) the recurring unit derived from ethylene is 50 to 75% by mole.1. An ethylene-based copolymer [I] characterized by: (a-1) having temperature (Tm) at the maximum peak in the endothermic curve, measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), of 40 to 90° C., (a-2) the copolymer comprising a component soluble in decane at normal temperature and a component insoluble in decane at normal temperature, and (a-3) the component soluble in decane at normal temperature is present at 1 to 70% by weight and comprises (i) a recurring unit derived from ethylene and (ii) a recurring unit derived from an α-olefin of 4 or more carbon atoms, and in which a content of (i) the recurring unit derived from ethylene is 50 to 75% by mole, wherein the component insoluble at normal temperature of the ethylene-based copolymer contains a recurring unit derived from an α-olefin and cyclo-olefin of 3 or more carbon atoms and a melt flow rate (at 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg) of 0.1 to 50 g\/10 min and has a temperature Tm at the maximum peak in an endothermic curve, measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), is correlated with density (d) by a relationship: Tm<400×d−250.","label":"HouseConst","id":487}
{"sentence":"Method of reducing the content of residual monomers in aqueous polymer dispersionsA process is described for effectively reducing the residual monomer content of an aqueous polymer dispersion by aftertreatment at atmospheric pressure or above with an initiator system comprising a) a hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide or a peracid, and b) an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid, such as tartaric acid, or with a salt thereof.1. A process for reducing the amount of residual monomer in an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by free-radical polymerization, comprising: conducting an aftertreatment in the aqueous polymer dispersion which is heated to 60 to 120° C.; and adding of an initiator system which consists essentially of a) from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the overall amount of monomer used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of a1) a compound R1--OO--R2, where R1and R2are hydrogen, a C1-C8-alkyl or a C6-C12-aryl and are identical or different, with the proviso that at least one of R1and R2is hydrogen, and\/or a2) a compound which in aqueous medium releases hydrogen peroxide, and b) from 0.01 to 30% by weight, based on the overall amount of monomer used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of an organic α-hydroxy carboxylic acid, which contains no polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated C--C double bond, or of a salt thereof, and c) from 10 to 1000 ppm by weight, based on the overall amount of monomer used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of a multivalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of an iron ion, a copper ion, a manganese ion, a nickel ion, a cerium ion, a chromium ion, a platinum ion and a palladium ion; wherein said initiator system contains no vanadium ions.","label":"Household","id":488}
{"sentence":"Hydrous alcohol distillation method and apparatusAn improved distillation method and apparatus are provided for recovering hydrous ethanol from fermentation or synthetic feedstocks. Substantial energy savings are realized by utilizing a pair of stripper-rectifier towers in which overhead vapors from one tower operating at a higher pressure supply the heat required for the other tower operating at a lower pressure and by preheating the feedstock in multiple heat exchange steps. The feedstock is split into two portions of unequal size, the larger portion being supplied to the higher pressure tower and the smaller portion to the lower pressure tower.1. A distillation method for recovering hydrous ethanol from a dilute ethanol-containing feedstock which comprises: (a) partially preheating a feedstock stream; (b) splitting the partially preheated feedstock stream into two feed streams of unequal size; (c) further preheating both the larger and the smaller of said feed streams; (d) introducing the preheated feed streams in parallel into a pair of stripper-rectifier towers; (e) maintaining a higher pressure in the stripper-rectifier tower receiving the larger feed stream than in the stripper-rectifier tower receiving the smaller feed stream; (f) condensing steam to supply the heat required in the higher pressure stripper-rectifier tower; (g) condensing overhead vapors from the higher pressure stripper-rectifier tower to supply the heat required in the lower pressure stripper-rectifier tower, and returning the resultant condensate as reflux to said higher pressure stripper-rectifier tower; (h) condensing overhead vapors from said lower pressure stripper-rectifier tower, and returning the resultant condensate as reflux to said lower pressure stripper-rectifier tower; (i) withdrawing a hydrous ethanol product stream from the upper portion of said higher pressure stripper-rectifier tower, and cooling the same; (j) withdrawing a hydrous ethanol product stream from the upper portion of said lower pressure stripper-rectifier tower; (k) combining the cooled hydrous ethanol product stream from step (i) with the hydrous ethanol product stream from step (j); (l) cooling the combined hydrous ethanol product stream; and (m) withdrawing a bottoms stream from each of said stripper-rectifier towers and separately cooling the same; (n) said partial preheating of said feedstock stream being effected in stages by means of the heat obtained in cooling step (1), in condensing step (h), and by heat exchange with stream condensate from condensing step (f); (o) said further preheating of said smaller feed stream being effected by means of the heat obtained in step (m) during cooling of the bottoms stream from said lower pressure stripper-rectifier tower; and (p) said further preheating of said larger feed stream being effected in stages by means of heat obtained in cooling step (i) and in step (m) during cooling of the bottoms stream from said higher pressure stripper-rectifier tower.","label":"Process","id":489}
{"sentence":"METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF RADIAL CONJUGATED DIENE RUBBERA method of production of radial conjugated diene rubber including a first step of causing 65 to 500 moles of isoprene to polymerize, in the presence of an alkali metal-reacted aromatic compound which is represented by the following general formula (1), with respect to 1 mole of an alkali metal in the alkali metal-reacted aromatic compound so as to obtain a radial isoprene polymer which has active ends and a second step of causing monomers which contain 1,3-butadiene or 1,3-butadiene and an aromatic vinyl compound to polymerize to the active ends of the radial isoprene polymer is provided.   (In the general formula (1), R1to R8respectively independently are a group which is selected from a hydrogen atom, C1 to C10 alkyl group, and C1 to C10 alkali metal-reacted alkyl group having an alkali metal atom bonded to the α-position. \"m\" is an integer of 0 to 5.)9 . A method of production of radial conjugated diene rubber comprising a first step of causing 65 to 500 moles of isoprene to polymerize, in the presence of an alkali metal-reacted aromatic compound which is represented by the following general formula (1), with respect to 1 mole of an alkali metal in the alkali metal-reacted aromatic compound so as to obtain a radial isoprene polymer which has active ends and a second step of causing monomers which contain 1,3-butadiene or 1,3-butadiene and an aromatic vinyl compound to polymerize to the active ends of the radial isoprene polymer; wherein, R1to R8respectively independently are a group which is selected from a hydrogen atom, C1 to C10 alkyl group, and C1 to C10 alkali metal-reacted alkyl group having an alkali metal atom bonded to the α-position, and three or more of R1to R8are C1 to C10 alkali metal-reacted alkyl groups having an alkali metal atom bonded to the α-position. &quot;m&quot; is an integer of 0 to 5, when &quot;m&quot; is 2 or more, regardless of the structure expressed by general formula (1), three or more benzene rings may be condensed with each other at any positions.","label":"Automobile","id":490}
{"sentence":"Method of cleaning plant parts for the preparation or processing of (meth)acrylic estersPlant parts which are used for the production or processing of (meth)acrylic esters are cleaned by  (a) emptying the plant parts,  (b) flushing the plant parts with aqueous 5 to 50% strength by weight alkali metal hydroxide solution,  (c) removing the alkali metal hydroxide solution from the plant parts,  (d) if required, washing the plant parts with water and  (e) if required, drying the plant parts.1. A method for cleaning plant parts for producing or processing (meth)acrylic esters, which comprises the steps of: a) emptying plant parts in which producing or processing of (meth)acrylic esters has been carried out; b) flushing the plant parts with aqueous 5 to 30% strength by weight of alkali metal hydroxide solution, which solution consists of water and sodium hydroxide; and c) removing the sodium hydroxide solution from the plant parts.","label":"Process","id":491}
{"sentence":"Method for mixing two liquids or liquid and solid material together, and for simultaneously separating another liquid or solid from the liquidThe invention relates to a method for maintaining a continuous mixing in a liquid throughout the transversal reactor space, and for simultaneously separating from the liquid either another liquid, a solid material or possibly gas. The invention also relates to an apparatus whereby the mixing is maintained and simultaneously another phase is separated from the liquid under agitation.1. A method for maintaining continuous mixing in a liquid throughout a reactor space and for simultaneously separating from said liquid either a second liquid or solid particles comprising: providing a reactor having three vertically superposed zones; filling said reactor with liquid and with a second liquid or a liquid and solid particles, mixing said liquid and said second liquid or said liquid and solid particles in a cylindrical reaction zone, coalescing and settling droplets of said second liquid or said solid particles in a conical settling zone below said reaction zone, and collecting said droplets or solid particles in a collecting zone below said settling zone, homogeneously mixing said liquid throughout said reaction and settling zones by creating a vertical circulation in said reactor by means of a helical impeller and baffles at rims of the reactor for causing the liquid to circulate downwards in a middle portion of the reactor and to circulate upwards near said rims of the reactor, and preventing the return of liquid or solid particles from the collecting zone into said circulation by providing a protective conical deflector at a bottom end of said helical impeller.","label":"HouseConst","id":492}
{"sentence":"Composite sheet, production method thereof and electronic apparatus using the sameA composite sheet includes a graphite layer, a heat insulation layer including a fiber and a heat insulation material and a fiber layer located between the graphite layer and the heat insulation layer, wherein the fiber layer comprises the fiber. An electronic apparatus includes an electronic component that involves heat generation, a housing and the composite sheet, wherein the composite sheet is placed between the electronic component and the housing.1. A composite sheet, comprising: a graphite layer; a heat insulation layer including a resin-based fiber and a heat insulation material; and a binding portion connecting with the resin-based fiber and combining the graphite layer and the heat insulation layer directly, wherein the binding portion and the heat insulating layer comprise the same resin-based fiber, and a recessed portion filled with the binding portion is provided on a surface of the graphite layer, wherein the binding portion includes a molten layer, wherein a portion of the resin-based fiber of the binding portion fills the recessed portion.","label":"IndustConst","id":493}
{"sentence":"PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYMERS BASED ON VINYL HALIDESIt is provided a process for the preparation of a polymer from a vinyl halide monomer A and a monomer B whose homopolymer has a Tg lower than that of the polymer produced by polymerizing the vinyl halide monomer, wherein A wt %\/B wt % in the polymer is from 99.7\/0.3 to 40\/60; the process comprising a) mixing water, an amphiphilic substance,from 10 to 100 wt % of the monomer B at an appropriate temperature, adding an initiator and allowing the system to react until reaching a conversion from 10 to 100 mol %, b) adding from 20 to 100 wt % of an amount ofmonomer A and the remaining amount of monomer B, and allowing the mixture to react until the conversion of the monomers reaches a value higher than 20 wt %, and c) adding the remaining amount of monomer A and allowing the system to react.1 . A process for the preparation of a polymer from at least one monomer A which is a vinyl halide monomer and at least one monomer B by free radical polymerization in aqueous medium, wherein the monomer B is a monomer whose polymer has a Tg lower than that of the polymer produced by polymerizing the at least one vinyl halide monomer, and the ratio of the at least one vinyl halide monomer A to the at least another monomer B in wt % in the polymer is from 99.7\/0.3 to 40\/60, the process comprising the following steps: a) mixing water, at least one amphiphilic substance, from 10 to 100 wt % of the total amount of the at least one monomer B, optionally a buffer, and optionally from 0.1 to 10 wt % of the at least one monomer A with respect to the at least one monomer B in step a), at an appropriate temperature to carry out the polymerization of monomer B, and adding a thermal or a redox initiator in order to start polymerization and allowing the system to react until reaching a conversion from 10 to 80 mol % of monomer B, b) adding from 20 to 100 wt % of the remaining amount of monomer A to be added, optionally, an additional amount of the amphiphilic substance, optionally, an additional amount of the initiator, optionally, a buffer; and the remaining amount of the at least one monomer B, allowing the mixture to react until the conversion of the monomers reaches a value higher than 20 wt %, c) adding the remaining amount of the at least one monomer A, optionally, an additional amount of the amphiphilic substance, optionally, an additional amount of the initiator, and optionally an additional amount of the buffer, allowing the system to react until reaching a conversion higher than 70%.","label":"HouseConst","id":494}
{"sentence":"Method for producing acrylic acidA process for the preparation of acrylic acid by: (a) preparation of a gaseous product mixture which essentially has the composition of a reaction mixture of catalytic gas-phase oxidation of C3-alkanes, C3-alkenes, C3-alkanols and\/or C3-alkanals and\/or intermediates thereof to acrylic acid, which comprises (b) condensation of the gaseous product mixture, (c) crystallization of the acrylic acid from the solution obtained in stage (b), with partial evaporation of the solution under reduced pressure, (d) isolation of the resulting crystals from the mother liquor, (e) recycling of at least a part of the mother liquor from stage (d) to stage (b) and (f) recycling of at least a part of the evaporated solution from stage (c) to stage (b).1. A process for the preparation of acrylic acid by: (a) preparation of a gaseous product mixture which essentially has the composition of a reaction mixture of catalytic gas-phase oxidation of C3-alkanes, C3-alkenes, C3-alkanols and\/or C3-alkanals and\/or precursors thereof to acrylic acid, which comprises (b) condensation of the gaseous product mixture, (c) crystallization of the acrylic acid from the solution obtained in stage (b), with partial evaporation of the solution under reduced pressure, (d) isolation of the resulting crystals from the mother liquor, (e) recycling of at least a part of the mother liquor from stage (d) to stage (b) and (f) recycling of at least a part of the evaporated solution from stage (c) to stage (b).","label":"Process","id":495}
{"sentence":"Impact modifiers for polyvinyl chlorideA poly(vinyl chloride) resin composition comprised of an admixture of poly(vinyl chloride) resin and a clear or translucent polymeric material comprised of a non-uniform copolymer comprised of acrylonitrile, styrene and acrylate ester. The clear polymeric ASA material is a good impact modifier for PVC. The admixture contains from 3 to 15 percent by weight, based on the admixture, of the clear polymeric material. The clear polymeric material has a weight ratio of acrylonitrile and styrene acrylonitrile, styrene and acrylate ester which is between about 40 to 60 and about 60 to 40. The PVC resin combination, in dry form, can be conventionally hot processed or fabricated. The non-uniform polymer is prepared by the process which comprises introducing at least one primary polymerizable feed composition, selected from the group of monomers consisting of styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate ester, and a mixture of two or more of such monomers, from at least one primary feed source to a polymerization zone, the primary polymerizable feed composition continually varying in compositional content of the polymerizable reactants therein during the continuous introduction; simultaneously adding to the primary feed source at least one different secondary polymerizable feed composition, selected from the group of monomers consisting of styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate ester and a mixture of two or more of such monomers, from at least one secondary feed source so as to continually change the compositional content of the polymerizable reactants of the primary polymerizable feed composition in the primary feed source; and continuously polymerizing the primary polymerization feed composition introduced to the polymerization zone until the desired polymerizable has been achieved, the primary polymerizable feed composition being different from the secondary polymerizable feed composition.1. A poly(vinyl chloride) resin composition comprised of an admixture of poly(vinyl chloride) resin and a clear or translucent polymeric material comprised of a non-uniform copolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylate, said mixture containing from 3 to 15 percent by weight based on said admixture, of said clear or translucent polymeric material having a weight ratio of an acrylonitrile-styrene hard matrix to an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate elastomer segment which is between about 40 to 60 and about 60 to 40, and said nonuniform polymer having been prepared by the process which comprises: introducing at least one primary polymerizable feed composition, selected from the group of monomers consisting of styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate and a mixture of two or more such monomers, from at least one primary feed source to a polymerization zone, said primary polymerizable feed composition continually varying in compositional content of the polymerizable reactants therein during said continuous introduction; simultaneously adding to said primary feed source at least one different secondary polymerizable feed composition, selected from the group of monomers consisting of styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate and a mixture of two or more of such monomers, from at least one secondary feed source so as to continually change the compositional content of the polymerizable reactants of said primary polymerizable feed composition in said primary feed source; and continuously polymerizing the primary polymerizable feed composition introduced to the polymerization zone until the desired polymerization has been achieved, said primary polymerizable feed composition being different from said secondary polymerizable feed composition.","label":"IndustConst","id":496}
{"sentence":"Olefin polymerization processA process for polymerizing ethylene is disclosed. A magnesium chloride-alcohol is used to support an organometallic complex comprising a Group 3 to 10 transition metal and an indenoindolyl ligand. The supported organometallic complex is mixed with an activator and ethylene and the ethylene is polymerized. Use of magnesium chloride containing an alcohol as the support provides an unexpected boost in catalyst activity and improves polymer rheological properties.1. A process which comprises polymerizing ethylene in the presence of a magnesium chloride-alcohol supported catalyst which comprises an organometallic complex and an activator wherein the organometallic complex comprises a Group 3 to 10 transition metal, M, and an indenoindolyl ligand that is bonded to M.","label":"Catalyst","id":497}
{"sentence":"Absorbent polymer structure with improved retention capacity and permeabilityA process for producing an absorbent polymer structure (Pa) by treating the outer portion of an untreated absorbent polymer structure (Pu1). The process includes the step of bringing the outer portion of the untreated absorbent polymer structure (Pu1) into contact with an aqueous solution including at least one chemical cross-linker and at least one inorganic compound in dispersed colloidal form. The process also includes the step of heating the absorbent polymer structure, of which the outer portion has been brought into contact with the aqueous solution, at a temperature within a range from about 40 to about 300° C., so that the outer portion of the absorbent polymer structure is more strongly cross-linked in comparison to the inner portion and the inorganic compound is at least partly immobilized in the outer portion of the absorbent polymer structure.1. An absorbent polymer structure (Pa), comprising an inner portion as well as an outer portion surrounding the inner portion, wherein the inner portion comprises a crosslinked polymer and the outer portion comprises a crosslinked polymer, wherein the polymer of the outer portion is more strongly cross-linked than the polymer of the inner portion, wherein the polymer of the outer portion is surface crosslinked with an aqueous solution comprising a chemical cross-linker, and an inorganic compound comprising silicic acid, and heating the absorbent polymer structure to a temperature of from about 40 to about 300° C., wherein said inorganic compound is at least partly immobilized in the polymer of the outer portion and wherein the absorbent polymer structure (Pa) has a CRC of at least about 26 g\/g and a SFC of at least about 60·10−7cm3·s·g−1.","label":"Household","id":498}
{"sentence":"Removal of ammonia and cyanide from synthesis gas with water productionA process for producing and cleaning a synthesis gas which contains ammonia and hydrogen cyanide catalytically converts most of the cyanide to ammonia which, along with some of the cyanide, is removed from the gas with water to form aqueous solutions of ammonia and cyanide. The hydrocarbon gas feed to the synthesis gas generator is used to strip ammonia and cyanide out of one or more of the aqueous solutions of these two species formed during the process and pass them into the generator in which they are consumed to form clean water. A portion of the resulting clean water is recycled back into the process where it used to scrub the synthesis gas, with the remainder used for other purposes or sent to disposal.1. A synthesis gas production and clean-up process which comprises producing a synthesis gas comprising H2,CO, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in a synthesis gas generator from a feed comprising a hydrocarbon gas, followed by removing said ammonia and hydrogen cyanide from said gas to form a clean synthesis gas by catalytically converting most of said hydrogen cyanide in said synthesis gas to ammonia, removing said ammonia and a portion of said hydrogen cyanide remaining in said synthesis gas after said conversion by cooling said gas to form a condensate comprising a first aqueous solution of said ammonia and hydrogen cyanide and an ammonia reduced synthesis gas, followed by scrubbing said cool gas with clean water to remove additional ammonia and hydrogen cyanide to form both a clean synthesis gas and a second aqueous solution of said ammonia and hydrogen cyanide, combining at least a portion of said aqueous solutions and stripping said ammonia and hydrogen cyanide out of said combined solutions and into said generator with said hydrocarbon feed gas to produce clean water, wherein said stripped ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are consumed in said generator and wherein at least a portion of said clean water is used to scrub said cool gas.","label":"Process","id":499}
{"sentence":"Low gloss thermoplastic blendsA low gloss thermoplastic with good physical properties consists of a blend of ASA and a gloss-reducing amount of a glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer.1. A low-gloss thermoplastic blend comprising a core-shell ASA (acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile interpolymer) resin blended with an effective gloss-reducing amount of at least one polymer of glycidyl (meth)acrylate.","label":"Automobile","id":500}
{"sentence":"Rubber composition for tire, and pneumatic tireThe present invention provides a rubber composition for tires which achieves a balanced improvement in rolling resistance, abrasion resistance, and wet-skid performance while providing excellent processability; and a pneumatic tire including the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for tires, including: a modified diene rubber A which has been terminally modified with a specific acrylamide compound; a modified diene rubber B which has been modified with a silicon or tin compound and a specific modifying compound or with the modifying compound; and a silane coupling agent containing a mercapto group, the modified diene rubbers A and B, taken as a whole, having a weight average molecular weight falling within a specific range.1. A rubber composition for tires, comprising: a modified diene rubber A which has been modified with an acrylamide compound represented by the following Formula (I): wherein R1represents hydrogen or a methyl group; R2and R3each represent an alkyl group; and n represents an integer; a modified diene rubber B which has been modified with a silicon or tin compound represented by the Formula (II) below and a modifying compound represented by the Formula (III) below or with a modifying compound represented by the Formula (III) below: RaMXb  (II) wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group; M represents silicon or tin; X represents a halogen; a represents an integer of 0 to 2; and b represents an integer of 2 to 4; wherein R4to R6are the same as or different from one another, each representing a C1 to C8 alkyl group; R7to R12are the same as or different from one another, each representing a C1 to C8 alkoxy or alkyl group; and p to r are the same as or different from one another, each representing an integer of 1 to 8; and a silane coupling agent containing a mercapto group, the modified diene rubbers A and B, taken as a whole, having a weight average molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,400,000.","label":"Automobile","id":501}
{"sentence":"Method of increasing the size and\/or absorption under load of superabsorbent polymers by surface cross-linking and subsequent agglomeration of undersized particclesA method of enhancing the water or aqueous fluid absorption of and\/or increasing the particle size of fine water-absorbent polyacrylic SAP polymer particles includes surface-contacting the SAP polymer particles with a solution containing a cross-linking agent for the polyacrylic SAP polymer, and then subjecting the particles to conditions sufficient to further cross-link the surfaces of the SAP polymer particles. The surface cross-linked particles are then impregnated with water in a weight ratio of SAP polymer, dry basis, to water in the range of about 1:1 to about 1:10 to form a paste, and the paste is subjected to conditions, such as increased temperature, e.g., 50° C.-150° C. to dry the polymer particles to form an acrylic SAP polymer having enhanced fluid absorption under load and, upon pulverizing, increased particle size.1. A method of enhancing the water or aqueous medium absorbance and particle size of water-absorbent, cross-linked polyacrylic polymer particles selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid; partially neutralized polyacrylic acid; fully neutralized polyacrylic acid; and mixtures thereof comprising: contacting the surface of the polyacrylic polymer particles with a solution containing a polyfunctional cross-linking agent capable of cross-linking said polyacrylic polymer; wherein the solution is surface coated onto the cross-linked polyacrylic polymer particles in a weight ratio of polyacrylic polymer, dry basis, to coating solution in the range of about 1:0.01 to about 1:0.5; subjecting the coated polyacrylic polymer particles to conditions sufficient to react the cross-linking agent with the surface of the polyacrylic polymer particles to form a polyacrylic polymer having enhanced water absorbance; and mixing the polyacrylic polymer particles with water, after reaction of the surface of the polyacrylic polymer particles with the cross-linking agent, in a weight ratio of polymer particles, dry basis, to water in the range of about 1:1 to about 1:10 to form a paste; drying the paste to a moisture content less than about 15% by weight; and pulverizing the dried paste to form polyacrylic polymer particles having a size greater than the size of the particles prior to the surface cross-linking reaction.","label":"Household","id":502}
{"sentence":"Soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiatorHighly desirable organic liquid soluble multifunctional lithium containing initiators are prepared by reacting on organo lithium compound with an organic compound containing at least one group of the configuration 1,3-bis(1-phenylethenyl)benzene. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration.1. A method for the polymerization of vinyl compounds containing at least one vinyl group and particularly vinyl hydrocarbon compounds which are polymerizable in the presence of a lithium containing catalyst, the steps of the method comprising providing a solution of the reaction product of a compound of the Formula: wherein R1and R3are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl hydrocarbon radicals and alkoxy radicals, with the further limitation that R1and R3contain from 0 to 16 carbon atoms, and a lithium containing compound of the Formula: [Equation] R2Li R2is a hydrocarbyl radical to provide a multifunctional lithium compound having the Formula: and subsequently contacting the resultant solution with at least one organolithium polymerizable monomer to cause the polymerization of the monomer to a corresponding polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":503}
{"sentence":"BARRIER TYPE DEPOSITION APPARATUSA barrier type deposition apparatus has a barrier in a closed chamber of a base to separate the chamber into two depositing rooms. The deposition apparatus may deposits a thin film on a side of a glass substrate, which is a part of the deposition apparatus. While the barrier is another glass substrate, it may deposit two different thin films respectively on opposite sides of the glass substrate in the same time.1 . A barrier type deposition apparatus, comprising: at least a frame having an opening which is open at a left side and a right side of the frame; a plurality of glass substrates respectively provided on the left side and the right side of the frame to close the opening; and at least a barrier board received in the opening of the frame to divide the opening into two isolated depositing rooms so that each glass substrate has a side in the depositing room.","label":"IndustConst","id":504}
{"sentence":"Polymer composition and process to manufacture high molecular weight-high density polyethylene and film therefromThe present invention is a multimodal polyethylene composition having (1) a density of at least about 0.940 g\/cm3; (2) a melt flow index (I5) of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 g\/10 mm; (3) a melt flow index ratio (I21\/I5) of from about 20 to about 50; (4) a molecular weight distribution, Mw\/Mn, of from about 20 to about 40; and (5) a bubble stability measured on an HS50S stationary extrusion system with an BF 10-25 die, HK 300 air ring, A8 take off, and WS8 surface winder, with a 100 mm die diameter having a 50 mm 21:1 L\/D grooved feed extruder used for a film of about 6×10−6m thickness of at least about 1.22 m\/s line speed, at least about 45 kg\/hr (0.013 kg\/sec) output rate, or at least about 0.5 lb\/hr\/rpm (0.0000011 kg\/s\/rps) specific output rate or a combination thereof.1. A multimodal polyethylene composition having; 1) a density of at least about 0.940 g\/cm3as measured by ASTM Method D-1505; 2) a melt flow index (I5) of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 g\/10 min (as measured by ASTM D-1238, measured at 190° C. and 5 kilograms); 3) a melt flow index ratio (I21\/I5) of from about 20 to about 50; 4) a molecular weight distribution, Mw\/Mn, of from about 20 to about 40; and 5) a bubble stability measured on an HS50S stationary extrusion system with an BF 10-25 die, HK 300 air ring, A8 take off, and WS8 surface winder, all commercially available from Hosokawa Alpine Corporation, with a 100 mm die diameter having a 50 mm 21:1 L\/D grooved feed extruder used according to the conditions described herein for a film of about 6×10−6m thickness of at least about 1.22 m\/s line speed, at least about 45 kg\/hr (0.013 kg\/sec) output rate, or at least about 0.5 lb\/hr\/rpm (0.0000011 kg\/s\/rps) specific output rate or a combination thereof; 6) a dart impact on 12.5 micron (1.25×10−5m) film of at least 300 g; measured according to ASTM 1709, Method A; the composition comprising a blend comprising; A) a high molecular weight fraction which; a) is present in an amount of from about 30 to about 70 weight percent (based on the total weight of the composition); b) has a density of at least about 0.860 g\/cm3as measured by ASTM D-1505; c) has a melt flow index (I21) of from about 0.01 to about 50 g\/10 min (as measured by ASTM D-1238, measured at 190° C. and 21.6 kilograms); and d) a melt flow index ratio (I21\/I5) of from about 6 to about 12; and B) a low molecular weight fraction which; a) is present in an amount of from about 30 to about 70 weight percent (based on the total weight of the composition); b) has a density of at least about 0.900 g\/cm3as measured by ASTM D-1505; c) has a melt flow index (I2) of from about 0.5 to about 3000 g\/10 min (as measured by ASTM D-1238, measured at 190° C. and 2.16 kilograms); d) a melt flow index ratio (I21\/I5) of from about 5 to about 15; and e) is prepared using a mole ratio of alpha olefin to ethylene less than that in the high molecular weight fraction of less than or equal to about 0.01:1; wherein said blend is melted in an extruder having a mixer vent, wherein the mixer vent has an oxygen concentration of from about 0.05 to about 6 volume percent oxygen in nitrogen; and the extrusion temperature is sufficient to melt the blend and result in tailoring the blend in the presence of the oxygen; and wherein said molten blend is passed through one or more active screens, wherein in the case of two or more active screens, the screens are positioned in series, each active screen having a micron retention size of from about 2 to about 70, at a mass flux of about 5 to about 100 lb\/hr\/in2(1.0 to 20 kg\/s\/m2) to form a screened molten polymer blend.","label":"Construct","id":505}
{"sentence":"Absorption of hydrogen sulfide and absorbent composition thereforHydrogen sulfide is removed from a gas by contacting it with an absorbent composition consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of iron, zinc and nickel and an inorganic binder.1. A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a H2S-containing feed gas comprising the step of contacting said feed gas in a reactor with an absorbent composition consisting essentially of component (i) a mixed oxide of iron, zinc and nickel comprising a nickel-zinc ferrite of the approximate general formula NixZnyFe2O4,wherein the numerical values of both x and y are smaller than 1 and the sum of x and y is 1, the atomic ratio of Ni:Zn in component (i) is in the range of about 1:10 to about 1:1, said component (i) being present at a level of above about 20 weight percent and said component (i) having been prepared from a mixture containing about 7-33 parts by weight of ZnO and about 13-66 parts by weight of Fe2O3,and component (ii) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of alumina and silica as the remainder, at such contacting conditions as to obtain a product gas containing less H2S than said feed gas.","label":"Catalyst","id":506}
{"sentence":"Heterogeneous in-reactor polymer blendsAn in-reactor polymer blend comprises (a) a propylene-containing first polymer; and (b) an ethylene-containing second polymer such that the polymer blend comprises between about 50 wt % and about 80 wt % units derived from ethylene and between about 50 wt % and about 20 wt % units derived from propylene. The blend is substantially free of dienes and the content of ethylene in the second polymer in the form of ethylene-ethylene-ethylene triads is at least 40%. The second polymer contains at least 0.1 branch having 8 or more carbon atoms per 10,000 carbons. In addition, the blend has a strain hardening index of at least 1.8, a shear thinning slope in the plot of log(dynamic viscosity) versus log(frequency) of less than −0.2 and exhibits at least two peaks when subjected to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (first melt) corresponding to a first melting point of at least 150° C. and a second melting point of at least 40° C. such that the difference between the first and second melting temperatures is at least 20° C.1. An in-reactor polymer blend comprising (a) a propylene-containing first polymer; and (b) an ethylene-containing second polymer such that the polymer blend comprises between about 50 wt % and about 80 wt % units derived from ethylene and between about 50 wt % and about 20 wt % units derived from propylene and is substantially free of dienes, with the content of ethylene in the second polymer found in the form of ethylene-ethylene-ethylene triads being at least 40% and with the in-reactor blend containing at least 0.1 branches having 8 or more carbon atoms per 10,000 carbons of the in-reactor blend, wherein the blend has the following properties: (a) at least two peaks when subjected to Differential Scanning Calorimetry corresponding to a first melting point of at least 150° C. and a second melting point of at least 40° C. such that the difference between the first and second melting temperatures is at least 20° C.; (b) a strain hardening index of at least 1.8; and (c) a shear thinning slope for the log(dynamic viscosity) versus log(frequency) curve of less than −0.2.","label":"Construct","id":507}
{"sentence":"Polyolefin production catalyst and method of preparing polyolefinsA catalyst component for polyolefin production catalysts comprising a metallocene compound represented by general formula (1) (symbols have the meanings as described in the specification), polyolefin production catalyst containing the component, and method for producing polyolefin with the catalyst are provided. Use of a catalyst containing the novel metallocene compound as a catalyst component of the invention in polymerization of α-olefin, particularly propylene, enables one to prepare high rigid, high melting point isotactic polypropylene useful as an industrial material for automobiles and the like, more specifically isotactic polypropylene having highly controlled stereoregulartity and regioregularity, particularly the one having a high regioregularity that has been difficult to achieve with conventional metallocene catalysts.1. A catalyst compound for polyolefin production catalysts, comprising a metallocene compound represented by general formula (1) wherein M1is a transient metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, and Hf; X1and X2,which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a halogen atom, an OR group, a SR group, an OCOR group, a SO2R group, an OSO2R group or a NRR's group, where R and R's, which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may contain a halogen atom; R1and R2,which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an OR&quot; group or a SR&quot; group, where R&quot; is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or combine to form a ring; R3is a hydrogen atom, or a group represented by the general formula (2) wherein A1is a carbon atom or a silicon atom; R13is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may contain a halogen atom; R4is a group represented by the general formula (3) wherein A2is a carbon atom or a silicon atom; R14to R16,which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may contain a halogen atom, provided that two or more of R14to R16are not a hydrogen atom simultaneously; or R14to R16may together with A2combine to form a ring; R5to R12,which are the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a silicon atom or combine to form a ring together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached; Y1is a carbon atom, a silicon atom or a germanium atom; and n is an integer of from 1 to 3.","label":"Catalyst","id":508}
{"sentence":"Modified polymers prepared with lanthanide-based catalystsA method for preparing a functionalized polymer comprising the steps of preparing a pseudo-living polymer by polymerizing conjugated diene monomer with a lanthanide-based catalyst, and reacting the pseudo-living polymer with at least one functionalizing agent defined by the formula (I)     where A is a substituent that will undergo an addition reaction with a pseudo-living polymer, R1is a divalent organic group, R2is a monovalent organic group, and each R4, which may be the same or different, is a monovalent organic group or a substituent defined by —OR5where R5is a monovalent organic group, with the proviso that A, R1, R2, R4, and R5are substituents that will not protonate a pseudo-living polymer. Also, the functionalized polymer and a vulcanizable composition containing the polymer.1. A functionalized polymer prepared by a process comprising the steps of: preparing a pseudo-living polymer by polymerizing conjugated monomer with a lanthanide-based catalyst, where said pseudo-living polymer is characterized by having greater than about 85 percent of the polymer in the 1,4-cis microstructure and less than about 3 percent of the polymer is in the 1,2- or 3,4-microstructure; and reacting the pseudo-living polymer with a functionalizing agent defined by the formula (I) where A is a substituent that will undergo an addition reaction with a pseudo-living polymer, R1is a divalent organic group, R2is a monovalent organic group, and each R4, which may be the same or different, is a monovalent organic group or a substituent defined by —OR5where R5is a monovalent organic group, with the proviso that A, R1, R2, R4, and R5are substituents that will not protonate a pseudo-living polymer.","label":"Automobile","id":509}
{"sentence":"Novel Glycerol Dehydration Catalyst and Production Method ThereforProvided is a novel catalyst that can produce acrolein and acrylic acid in high yields using glycerol as starting material. The disclosed glycerol dehydration catalyst has niobic oxide synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis as the main component.1 . A catalyst used in a production of acrolein and acrylic acid by dehydration reaction of glycerin, characterized by said catalyst comprises niobium oxide (NbOx, in which Nb is niobium and x is any number) prepared by hydrothermal synthesis technique.","label":"Catalyst","id":510}
{"sentence":"Low pressure cyclic hydrocracking process using multi-catalyst bed reactor for heavy liquidsResids are hydrocracked at low pressure (600 psig and 825° F.) in a solvent, while being demetalated, desulfurized, and decarbonized, by passing the solution through a dual-bed catalytic system having a large-pore catalyst as the first bed and a small-pore as the second bed. The solvent is preferably process generated and recycled, boiling at about 400°-700° F.1. A catalytic hydrocracking process for direct conversion at low pressure of high-boiling point residua, comprising heteroatoms, metals, sulfur and asphaltenes, to distillate and naphtha, said process comprising cyclic operation of a multi-catalyst bed reactor, containing large-pore catalysts and small-pore catalysts which are Al2O3impregnated with tungsten and nickel oxides, said large-pore catalysts having a pore size distribution which is characterized by the majority of pores therein being larger than 100 Angstroms in diameter, and said small-pore catalysts having a pore size distribution which is characterized by substantially all pores therein being no more than 80 Angstroms in diameter, wherein said small-pore catalysts have about twice as much NiO and WO3as said large-pore ctalysts, have a surface area which is about the surface area of said large-pore catalysts, have a pore volume which is about 70% of the pore volume of said large-pore catalysts, and have an average pore diameter that is about 1\/3 of the average pore diameter of said large-pore catalysts, at a pressure of 200-1000 psig, a temperature of 700°-900° F., and a LHSV of 0.1-1-10 by admixing said process-generated distillate, after recycling thereof, with said residua to form solvent-diluted residua and then catalytically hydrocracking, demetalizing, desulfurizing, and decarbonizing said solvent-diluted residua in a single pass-through operation through said reactor in which said large-pore catalysts and said small-pore catalysts are sequentially contacted, said recycled process-generated distillate boiling at about 400°-700° F., so that said operation: (1) converts said high-boiling point residua to low-boiling point hydrocarbons by forming said distillate and said naphtha while removing said heteroatoms, said metals, and carbon residuals from said high-boiling point residua; (2) hydrodesulfurizes said high-boiling point residua; and (3) minimizes metals deposition on said catalysts and blocking of said catalysts pores by said asphaltenes, whereby said catalysts remain usable for runs of commercially acceptable length.","label":"Process","id":511}
{"sentence":"Process for the manufacture of butyl acrylate by direct esterificationIn this esterification, catalysed by H2SO4,the crude reaction mixture comprising ester, butanol, acrylic acid, BuSO4H and traces of H2SO4is obtained; BuSO4H is hydrolysed (in R2) to H2SO4using pure water or water generated during the reaction; after hydrolysis, the medium is separated by settling (in D2) into an organic phase containing ester, butanol and part of the unconverted acid; and an aqueous phase containing H2SO4and the remainder of the unconverted acid; the organic phase is washed under alkaline conditions in order to neutralize the acrylic acid to alkaline acrylate which is soluble in the aqueous phase and then the neutralized organic phase is washed with water; the acid present in alkaline salt form in the aqueous phase from the 1st basic neutralization is regenerated by addition of the acidic aqueous phase (8) resulting from the separation by settling (in D2) of the hydrolysis stage; the acid (10) thus regenerated in this aqueous phase is extracted (in C5) by a solvent chosen from butanol, butyl acrylate or a mixture of butyl acrylate and butanol; the organic phase (13) obtained at the head of the extraction column (C5), containing mainly acid and butanol or ester, or a mixture of butanol and ester, is recycled to the esterification reactor (R1); the aqueous phase (15) recovered at the foot of the column (C5) is conveyed as feed to a distillation column (C6) for recovering butanol (16) at the head, for the purpose of recycling it upstream and of discarding the spent aqueous liquors, which are virtually free from organic pollution.1. Process for the manufacture of butyl acrylate by direct esterification of acrylic acid by butanol, the said esterification being catalysed by sulphuric acid, the water of reaction being removed, during all or part of the reaction, in the form of an azeotropic mixture with butanol and butyl acrylate, the crude reaction mixture obtained comprising butyl acrylate, butanol, acrylic acid, butyl hydrogen sulphate and traces of sulphuric acid, characterized in that: (a) butyl hydrogen sulphate is hydrolysed (in R2) to sulphuric acid using pure water (18) or using water (2) generated during the reaction; (b) the medium, after hydrolysis, is separated by settling (in D2) into: an organic phase containing butyl acrylate, butanol and a part of the unconverted acrylic acid; and an aqueous phase containing sulphuric acid and the remainder of the unconverted acrylic acid; (c) the organic phase is washed under alkaline conditions for the purpose of neutralizing the acrylic acid to alkaline acrylate which is soluble in the aqueous phase and the neutralized organic phase is then washed with water; (d) the acrylic acid present in the alkaline salt form in the aqueous phase of the first basic neutralization is regenerated by addition of the acidic aqueous phase (8) resulting from the separation by settling (in D2) of the hydrolysis stage and, optionally, of a complement of sulphuric acid (9); (e) the acrylic acid (10) thus regenerated in this aqueous phase is extracted (in C5) by a solvent chosen from butanol, butyl acrylate or a mixture of butyl acrylate and butanol; (f) the organic phase (13) obtained at the head of the extraction column (C5), containing acrylic acid and butanol or butyl acrylate or a mixture of butanol and butyl acrylate, is recycled in the esterification reactor (R1); (g) the aqueous phase (15), recovered at the foot of the solvent extraction column (C5), is conveyed, optionally after neutralization with sodium hydroxide (in 14), as feed to a distillation column (C6) which makes it possible to recover butanol (16) at the head, for the purpose of recycling it upstream in the process, and to discard the spent aqueous liquors, which are virtually free from organic pollution.","label":"Process","id":512}
{"sentence":"Super high-speed application roller for coating low viscosity liquids on a surface of a filmAn application roller to apply a treated liquid of low viscosity onto the surface of a film or sheet which moves at super high speed includes a radially inner axially extending tubular treated liquid distribution channel for distributing the treated liquid in axial and radial directions, with an outer tubular roller body having an outer surface with circumferentially extending adjacent tops and valleys. The valleys are formed with laterally extending substantially parallel surfaces so that the application roller is of substantially gear shape on its exterior surface and including a lining of an application material over the exterior surface which, at least, cover the tops. The construction also includes a conveyor channel for the treated liquid formed between the treated liquid distributing channel and the application material.1. An application roller to apply a treated liquid of low viscosity onto the surface of the sheet moving at high speed, comprising a radially inner axially extending tubular treated liquid distribution channel for distributing the treated liquid in axial and radial directions, an outer tubular roller body mounted over said treated liquid distribution channel and having an outer surface with circumferentially extending adjacent heel-like projections forming tops and valleys between said tops extending around the circumference of said roller body, and an application material extending over the surface of said tubular roller body at least on said tops, and means defining a conveyor channel for the treated liquid to be conveyed between said treated liquid distribution channel interior and said application material.","label":"IndustConst","id":513}
{"sentence":"Recovery of a cumene\/alpha-methylstyrene fraction from a mixture thereof with phenol and waterA process is disclosed for the recovery of a cumene\/alpha-methylstyrene fraction from a mixture thereof with phenol and water. Said mixture is introduced into a fractionation column at conditions to separate an overhead fraction comprising cumene and alpha-methylstyrene and a phenol bottoms fraction. A vapor stream comprising cumene, alpha-methylstyrene and a phenol-water azeotrope is withdrawn from an intermediate level of said column and condensed to form an organic phase and an aqueous phase comprising phenol. The latter is discharged, and the former is recycled to the column. The overhead fraction thus requires substantially less caustic to neutralize the residual phenol container therein.1. A process for the recovery of a fraction comprising a secondary alkylbenzene and the corresponding secondary monoalkenylbenzene from a mixture thereof with a phenol and water which comprises the steps of: (a) introducing said mixture into a fractionation column at an intermediate level, said column being operated at conditions to separate an overhead fraction comprising said secondary alkylbenzene and said secondary monoalkenylbenzene, and a bottoms fraction comprising said phenol; (b) recovering one portion of said overhead fraction, and returning another portion thereof as reflux to said column; (c) withdrawing a vapor stream from a level in said column above the aforementioned intermediate level and below the withdrawl point of said overhead fraction, said vapor stream comprising at least a portion of said secondary alkylbenzene and said secondary alkenylbenzene and an azeotropic mixture of said phenol and water; (d) condensing said vapor stream and forming an organic phase and an aqueous phase; and, (e) discharging said aqueous phase, and recycling said organic phase to said column at a level above that at which said vapor stream is withdrawn and below that at which said secondary alkylbenzene\/secondary alkenylbenzene fraction is returned to said column as reflux, said organic phase being recycled to said column at conditions to maintain the vapor phase conditions therein.","label":"Process","id":514}
{"sentence":"Superabsorbent materials having controlled gel-bed friction angles and cohesion values and composites made from sameThe present invention relates to water swellable, water insoluble superabsorbent materials having controlled cohesions and controlled variable gel-bed friction angles. Controlling the cohesion and gel-bed friction angle of the superabsorbent materials may allow control of the swelling of the material, the absorbency of the material, and\/or the absorbency, resiliency, and porosity of the absorbent composite containing the superabsorbent material. The present invention relates to treatments for superabsorbent materials to manipulate cohesion and\/or friction angle and new superabsorbent materials having the desired cohesion and\/or friction angle characteristics. The present invention also relates to absorbent composites employing superabsorbent materials having the desired cohesion and\/or friction angle characteristics.1 . A superabsorbent material, comprising: a water swellable, water insoluble superabsorbent material; and, the superabsorbent material having a gel-bed cohesion value of about 10,000 Pascals or less and having a first gel-bed friction angle at a superabsorbent material swelling level of about 2.0 grams of 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride solution\/gram of the superabsorbent material and gel-bed friction angles, at superabsorbent material swelling levels greater than about 2.0 grams of 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride solution\/gram of the superabsorbent material, substantially equal to or less than the first gel-bed friction angle, wherein the first gel-bed friction angle is about 20 degrees or less.","label":"Household","id":515}
{"sentence":"Solution for formation of organic thin film, and method for production thereofIt is to provide a solution for forming an organic metal thin film that can form rapidly a dense monomolecular film with less impurity. A solution for forming an organic thin film comprising (A) at least one organic metal compound shown by the following formula (I) (provided that at least one organic metal compound contains a hydroxyl group);   and (B) at least one organic metal compound shown by the following formula (II), R3mM2X54-m  (II) wherein the solution is 40≦[(A)\/{(A)+(B)}]×100≦100 (mass %), and 0≦[(B)\/{(A)+(B)}]×100≦60 (mass %); or  a solution for forming an organic thin film comprising an organic metal compound having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one hydrolysable group among the organic metal compounds shown by the following formula (I); or a solution for forming an organic thin film wherein the mass ratio of trimer with respect to dimer is greater than 0.5 among the metal organic compound shown by formula (I).1. A solution for forming a monomolecular film comprising: (A) at least one organic metal compound shown by formula (I) provided that at least one organic metal compound contains a hydroxyl group wherein R1and R2represent a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbons optionally having a substituent, or a halogenated hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbons optionally having a substituent; X1, X2, X3, and X4each independently represents R1, R2, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrolysable group; provided that not all of X1, X2, X3, and X4are R1or R2; when n1 is 2 or more, each R1and each X2may be the same or different; X1and X4may together form an oxygen atom, to form a ring wherein M1and oxygen atom are alternately bonded; M1represents at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, and Zr; and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 4; and (B) at least one organic metal compound shown by formula (II) R3mM2X54-m  (II) wherein R3represents a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbons optionally having a substituent, or a halogenated hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbons optionally having a substituent; M2represents at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, and Zr; X5represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolysable group; and m represents an integer of 1 to 3; wherein the solution is 40≦[(A)\/{(A)+(B)}]×100 ≦100 (mass %), and 0≦[(B)\/{(A)+(B)}]×100 ≦60 (mass %); and a mass ratio of an organic metal compound in which n1=2 with respect to an organic metal compound in which n1=1 in the organic metal compound shown by formula (I) is greater than 0.5.","label":"IndustConst","id":516}
{"sentence":"Process and apparatus for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxidesThe present invention claims a process and an apparatus for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides. Usually, in the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures which are produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides, the cleavage product mixture is divided into three main fractions, for which at least two distillation columns are used. The use of two distillation columns has the disadvantage that the capital costs, and also the energy costs, in these conventional processes are relatively high.  By means of the inventive process for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures, the equipment requirements and the energy consumption can be markedly reduced in comparison with customary plants, since the cleavage product mixture can be resolved into the three main fractions in only one apparatus. The inventive process can be used for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides, in particular in the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide. By using the inventive process it is possible to separate off phenol and acetone from a cleavage product mixture that was obtained in the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide.1. A process for the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures produced in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides, which comprises resolving the cleavage product mixture into at least three fractions in a single distillation step, wherein said work-up by distillation is performed in a distillation column.","label":"Process","id":517}
{"sentence":"Method for dehydrogenating C2-C30-alkanesC2–C30-alkanes are dehydrogenated in a process in which     (i) ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to styrene in a first part process to give a hydrogen-containing offgas stream, and  (ii) one or more C2–C30-alkanes are dehydrogenated in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in one or more reaction zones in a second part process to give the corresponding olefins, with a hydrogen-containing gas stream being mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the dehydrogenation in at least one reaction zone,    wherein at least part of the hydrogen-containing offgas stream obtained in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the alkane dehydrogenation.1. A process for the dehydrogenation of C2–C30-alkanes, in which (i) ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to styrene in a first part process to give a hydrogen-containing offgas stream, and (ii) one or more C2–C30-alkanes are dehydrogenated in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in one or more reaction zones in a second part process to give the corresponding olefins, with a hydrogen-containing gas stream being mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the alkane dehydrogenation in at least one reaction zone, and wherein oxygen is additionally mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the alkane dehydrogenation in at least one reaction zone and the hydrogen present in the reaction gas mixture is thereby burnt, as a result of which at least part of the necessary heat of dehydrogenation is generated directly in the reaction gas mixture in the reaction zone or zones, wherein at least part of the hydrogenation-containing offgas stream obtained in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the alkane dehydrogenation.","label":"Catalyst","id":518}
{"sentence":"Acrylic polymerThe present invention relates to acrylic polymer beads having very low residual monomer content as well as to their use in hair care preparations in particular as styling agent.1. A process for the preparation of acrylic polymers beads comprising: (a) providing a monomer composition consisting of a mixture of 10-30 wt. % methacrylic acid (MAA), 35-65 wt. % n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), 5-15 wt. % ethylacrylate (EA) and 10-35 wt. % ethyl methacrylate (EMA), wherein the EMA and EA are present in amounts to achieve a coefficient of EMA to EA (w\/w) in a range of 4 to 1, and (b) subjecting the monomer composition to suspension polymerization to obtain acrylic polymer beads having an average diameter of between 50 and 1500 μm and a residual monomer content of less than 250 ppm.","label":"Household","id":519}
{"sentence":"Processes for producing (meth)acrylic acidIn the purification and distillation step of acrylic acid (including (meth)acrylic acid), stable continuous operation for a long period is enabled by inhibiting the undesirable polymerization reaction of acrylic acid thereby to prevent the device from a trouble such as clogging. A process for producing acrylic acid which comprises purifying crude acrylic acid prepared by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation by distillation, wherein the concentration of β-acryloxypropionic acid in the feed stream to a distillation column mainly for the separation of water from acrylic acid is controlled to be at most one-fiftieth of the concentration of acrylic acid; the concentration of β-acryloxypropionic acid in the feed stream to a distillation column mainly for the separation of acetic acid from acrylic acid is controlled to be at most one-fortieth of the concentration of acrylic acid; and the concentration of β-acryloxypropionic acid in the feed stream to a distillation column mainly for the separation of acrylic acid from water, acetic acid and a solvent is controlled to be at most one-fiftieth of the concentration of acrylic acid.1. A process for producing (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises the step of feeding a feed stream of crude (meth)acrylic acid obtained by vapor phase catalytic oxidation to a distillation column mainly for the separation of (meth)acrylic acid and acetic acid, to separate acetic acid from (meth)acrylic acid, wherein the concentration by mass of the adduct of two molecules of (meth)acrylic acid present in the feed stream to the distillation column is controlled to be at most one-fortieth of the concentration by mass of (meth)acrylic acid in the feed stream.","label":"Process","id":520}
{"sentence":"Process for producing olefin oligomerA process for producing an olefin oligomer, which comprises the steps of (1) contacting an olefin with an organoaluminum compound to produce a contact product (i), (2) contacting a transition metal compound with a compound represented by the formula, R1R2A-G-AR3R4, to produce a contact product (ii), and (3) contacting the contact product (i), the contact product (ii), an alumoxane compound, and optionally an olefin with one another, wherein A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom, and As are the same as or different from each other; G is a divalent group; and R1, R2, R3and R4are independently of one another a hydrocarbyl group, a halogenated hydrocarbyl group, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl group, a sulfur-containing hydrocarbyl group, a selenium-containing hydrocarbyl group, or a tellurium-containing hydrocarbyl group.1. A process for producing an olefin oligomer, which comprises the steps of: (1) contacting an olefin with an organoaluminum compound, thereby producing a contact product (i); (2) contacting a transition metal compound with a compound represented by the following formula (1), thereby producing a contact product (ii); and (3) contacting the contact product (i), the contact product (ii), an alumoxane compound, and optionally an olefin with one another; R1R2A-G-AR3R4  (1)  wherein A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom, and As are the same as or different from each other; G is a divalent group; and R1, R2, R3and R4are independently of one another a hydrocarbyl group, a halogenated hydrocarbyl group, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl group, a sulfur-containing hydrocarbyl group, a selenium-containing hydrocarbyl group, or a tellurium-containing hydrocarbyl group.","label":"Catalyst","id":521}
{"sentence":"Fluorescent acrylamide polymersWater soluble polymers containing N-9-xanthenylacrylamide and N-dibenzosuberenylacrylamide.1. A water soluble polymer from the group consisting of acrylic acid, acrylamide and mixtures thereof, which contains from 0.1-2.0 mole % of N-dibenzosuberenylacrylamide (N-5-(5H-dibenzo {a,d} cycloheptenyl)acrylamide) said water soluble vinyl polymer having been prepared by vinyl addition polymerization.","label":"IndustConst","id":522}
{"sentence":"Method for producing water absorbent resinWith regard to a method for producing a water absorbent resin by drying a particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a high solid content concentration (of 45% by weight or more, further 50% by weight or more, and particularly 55% by weight or more), to provide a method for efficient drying of a water absorbent resin having maintained\/improved physical properties. A production method in which a through-circulation belt type dryer or a through-circulation stationary batch type dryer is used in the drying step and the drop and scatter ratio of a particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer is set to 1% by weight or less.1. A method for producing a water absorbent resin comprising: a polymerization step for polymerizing an unsaturated monomer; and a drying step for drying a particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer having solid content concentration of 45% by weight or more, that is produced by micronization of the hydrogel cross linked polymer either during or after the polymerization, wherein a through-circulation belt dryer is used for drying in the drying step and drop and scatter ratio of the particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer that is represented by following Formula 1 is set to 1% by weight or less: Drop and scatter ratio[% by weight]={1−(Amount of solid content in particulate hydrogel obtained from drying step\/Amount of solid content in particulate hydrogel provided to through-circulation belt)}×100, wherein an aggregation zone for aggregating the particulate hydrogel on the through-circulation belt is included for the drying step, and wherein the method for aggregating the particulate hydrogel during the aggregation zone comprises at least one of the following (1), (2), (3), and (5): (1) ensuring aggregation time by suppressing drying speed at early phase of drying; (2) promoting aggregation by increasing hygroscopic moisture within a drying chamber at early phase of drying; (3) performing forced aggregation at early phase of drying by using a compression device; and (5) aggregating particulate hydrogel by cooling.","label":"Household","id":523}
{"sentence":"Compositions and methods for selectively crosslinking films and improved film articles resulting therefromThe present invention generally relates to polymeric compositions capable of providing enhanced crosslinking efficiency, to single and multilayer films having the subject composition contained within at least one layer of said film, to a method of treating said film to provide enhanced crosslink within said at least one layer of the film and to the resultant cross-linked film product as well as articles made from said cross-linked film product.1. A multilayer film having at least one layer of said film containing a PCE composition comprising (i) copolymer having polymeric units derived from (a) at least one polyene monomer, (b) at least one C2-C20olefinic monomer and, optionally, (c) at least one copolymerizable monomer other than (a) or (b); or (ii) polymer mixture composed of at least one polymer having polymeric units derived from (a) at least one polyene monomer, and at least one polymer having polymeric units derived from (b) at least one C2-C20olefinic monomer and, optionally, at least one copolymerizable monomer other than (a) or (b); wherein each of at least one layer formed with PCE composition being crosslinked to a greater degree than at least one other layer of said film and wherein at least one layer forming a major surface of the film is sealable.","label":"Construct","id":524}
{"sentence":"PROCESS FOR MAKING STYRENE USING MIRCOHANNEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGYThe disclosed invention relates to a process for converting ethylbenzene to styrene, comprising: flowing a feed composition comprising ethylbenzene in at least one process microchannel in contact with at least one catalyst to dehydrogenate the ethylbenzene and form a product comprising styrene; exchanging heat between the process microchannel and at least one heat exchange channel in thermal contact with the process microchannel; and removing product from the process microchannel. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising a process microchannel, a heat exchange channel, and a heat transfer wall positioned between the process microchannel and heat exchange channel wherein the heat transfer wall comprises a thermal resistance layer.149 . An apparatus, comprising: a process microchannel, the process microchannel containing a catalyst; a heat exchange channel; and a heat transfer wall positioned between the process microchannel and the heat exchange channel, the heat transfer wall comprising at least one thermal resistance layer.","label":"Process","id":525}
{"sentence":"Graft copolymer particles and thermoplastic resin compositionsThere is provided graft copolymer particles prepared by graft-polymerizing a vinyl monomer to a coagglomerated rubber, wherein said rubber is prepared by coagglomerating rubber particles of mixed latexes obtained by mixing (A) a silicone rubber latex with (B) an acrylic rubber latex and\/or a conjugated diene rubber latex in such an amount as a silicone content is from 1 to 90% by weight based on the total rubber component. A physical property of a thermoplastic resin is improved using the graft copolymer particles. The thermoplastic resin composition using the graft copolymer particles is excellent in impact resistance, weather resistance, processability, thermal discoloration resistance and appearance of molded products.1. Graft copolymer particles prepared by graft-polymerizing a vinyl monomer to a coagglomerated rubber, wherein said rubber is prepared by coagglomerating rubber particles of a mixed latex obtained by mixing (A) a silicone rubber latex with (B) at least one latex selected from the group consisting of an acrylic rubber latex and a conjugated diene rubber latex in such an amount that a silicone content is from 1 to 90% by weight based on the total rubber component.","label":"IndustConst","id":526}
{"sentence":"Catalyst comprising a complex of a metal of subgroup viii based on a phosphinite ligand, and a method for hydroformylationThe invention relates to a catalyst which comprises at least one complex of a metal of group VIII, which comprises at least one uni-, bi- or multidentate phosphinite ligand in which the phosphorus atom and the oxygen atom of the phosphinite group are part of a 5- to 8-membered heterocycle, and to processes for hydroformylation and hydrocyanation of compounds which contain at least one ethylenic double bond in the presence of a catalyst of this type.1. A catalyst comprising at least one complex of a metal of group VIII with at least one uni-, bi- or multidentate phosphinite ligand of the formula I in which A is a 2,2's-biphenylylene or 2,2's-binaphthylylene radical, which may have 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, R1is alkyl, aryl or hetaryl, each of which optionally has one, two or three substituents selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, carboxylate, acyl, sulfonyl, NE1E2and alkylene-NE1E2,where E1and E2are identical or different and are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl; or is a radical of the formula II [Equation] --X--Y (II) in which X is either C2-C8-alkylene bridge which is optionally interrupted by SiraRb,N, NRc,O or S, in which Raand Rbare hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro or cyano, and Rcis hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, where aryl is optionally mono- or disubstituted by alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro or cyano, optionally has one, two or three double bonds and\/or is optionally fused once, twice or three times to aryl and\/or hetaryl, where the aryl or hetaryl groups have, independently of one another, optionally one, two, three or four substituents selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, acyl, carboxyl, carboxylate, NE1E2and alkylene-NE1E2,where E1and E2have the meanings indicated previously, and adjacent fused rings are optionally connected by SiRaRb,N, NRc,O or S or by a C1-C6-alkylene bridge which optionally additionally carries a group selected from SiRaRb,N, NRc,O or S, in which Ra,Rband Rcare as defined above; or an optionally substituted metallocene bridge; and Y is a radical of the formula III in which D has the meanings indicated previously for A, and m and n are, independently of one another, 0 or 1, or a salt thereof.","label":"Catalyst","id":527}
{"sentence":"Method of recovering solvent from mother liquor containing non-volatile matters by heat pump systemA method of recovering a solvent from a mother liquor in a system in which the mother liquor also contains non-volatile matter, volatile solute and volatile solvent, and the solute concentration is low, in which a heat pump distilling column (first column) is so operated as to work only as a concentrating section of a distilling column by feeding a mother liquor to the column bottom of the heat pump distilling column, contact of non-volatile matter with the concentrating section is prevented and the column bottom liquor is sent to an evaporator so as to separate the non-volatile matter by the evaporator, thereafter, a vapor from the evaporator is fed to a distilling column (second column), and distillates of first and second columns and bottoms of the second column are withdrawn as the products. The procedures described above are carried out under specific operation conditions.1. A method of recovering a solute and a solvent from a mixture which contains a volatile solute, a volatile solvent and non-volatile matter, and in which said solute and said non-volatile matter are present in low concentrations, comprising the steps of: feeding a mother liquor to the column bottom of a first distillation column so that said first distillation column operates only as a concentrating section of a distillation column and said non-volatile matters are prevented from coming into contact with said concentrating section, flowing the column top vapor from said first distillation column through a compressor and thence through a reboiler, heating a portion of the column bottom liquid from said first distillation column in said reboiler and then returning said portion to said column bottom of said first distillation column, feeding the remainder of the column bottom liquid of said first distillation column to an evaporator and therein evaporating said solute and said solvent while maintaining said non-volatile matter in a non-vapor condition, separating said non-volatile matter in said evaporator, feeding the vapor from said evaporator to a second distillation column, and withdrawing distillates of said first and second columns and the bottoms of said second distillation column as products, wherein the steps described above are carried out under operation conditions satisfying the following relations: 1. the compression ratio of said for the column top vapor of said first distillation column: Pd\/Ps≤10, wherein Pd=compressor discharge pressure, Ps=compressor intake pressure, and 2. the temperature difference between the saturation condensation temperature (Tdb) of the vapor at the compressor discharge and the boiling point (Tbb) of the bottom liquid of said first distillation column: Tdb-Tbb≤30° C.","label":"Process","id":528}
{"sentence":"Catalyst for oxidation of saturated and unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acid, method of making and method of using thereofThe invention is a supported or bound heteropoly acid catalyst composition, a method of making the catalyst composition and a process for the oxidation of saturated and\/or unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids using the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition has a heteropoly acid component containing molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus and cesium and support\/binder having a surface area of about 0.1 m2\/g to about 1.0 m2\/g. The catalyst is made by dissolving compounds of the components of each of the heteropoly acid compounds in a solution, precipitating the heteropoly acid compounds, contacting the heteropoly acid compounds to form a catalyst precursor and calcining the catalyst precursor to form a heteropoly acid compound catalyst. Unsaturated aldehydes, such as methacrolein, may be oxidized in the presence of the heteropoly acid compound catalyst to produce an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as methacrylic acid.1. A process of preparing a supported or bound heteropoly acid compound comprising: a) preparing a heteropoly acid compound of the general formula: Mo12VaPbCscOx where Mo is molybdenum, V is vanadium, P is phosphorus, Cs is cesium, O is oxygen, a is 0.01 to 5.0, b is 0.5 to 3.5, c is 0.01 to 2.0 and x satisfies the valences; and b) bringing the heteropoly acid compound into contact with a support or binder having a surface area of less than 1.0 m2\/g and pore volume greater than 0.2 cc\/g to form a supported or bound heteropoly acid catalyst precursor.","label":"Catalyst","id":529}
{"sentence":"Production process for unsaturated aldehydeThe present invention provides a process in which, when an unsaturated aldehyde and\/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid are produced by carrying out a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction by using a fixed-bed multitubular reactor which is packed with a molybdenum-containing catalyst, the deterioration of the catalyst as located at a hot spot portion can be suppressed; so that the reaction can be continued for a long time while a high yield is maintained, regardless of where the hot spot portion occurs and also even if the concentration of a raw gas is high. An oxide and\/or a complex oxide including molybdenum, bismuth, and iron as essential components are used as the catalysts, and the inside of each reaction tube of the fixed-bed multitubular reactor is divided in a tubular axial direction to thus arrange at least two reaction zones, and then these reaction zones are packed with the catalysts in such a manner that the ratio R of the apparent density of the catalyst to the true density of the catalyst (apparent density of catalyst\/true density of catalyst) in each reaction zone differs from that in another reaction zone.1. A production process for an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which comprises the step of carrying out catalytic gas phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, and methyl t-butyl ether as a raw material with molecular oxygen or a molecular-oxygen-containing gas by using a fixed bed multitubular reactor which is packed with catalysts, thereby producing the unsaturated aldehyde and the unsaturated carboxylic acid which correspond to the raw material; wherein an oxide and\/or complex oxide including molybdenum, bismuth, and iron as essential components are used as the catalysts, and further with the production process further comprising the steps of: dividing the inside of each reaction tube of the fixed-bed multitubular reactor in a tubular axial direction to thus arrange at least two reaction zones; and then packing these reaction zones with the catalysts in such a manner that the ratio R of the apparent density of the catalyst to the true density of the catalyst (apparent density of catalyst\/true density of catalyst) in each reaction zone differs from that in another reaction zone.","label":"Process","id":530}
{"sentence":"Low gloss ASA resinA thermoplastic molding composition comprising a grafted acrylate rubber (ASA) and a gloss reducing agent and a process for making the same are disclosed. The gloss reducing agent is the reaction product of (i) a compound having two or more epoxy groups per molecule and (ii) a compound having two or more amine groups per molecule, with the proviso that the total of epoxy groups of (i) and amine groups of (ii) per molecule is greater than 4. The gloss reducing agent may be either incorporated in ASA as the reaction product of (i) and (ii) or, in the alternative, formed upon the reaction of (i) with (ii) in the course of the thermal processing of the a blend containing ASA, (i) and (ii).1. A thermoplastic molding composition comprising a grafted acrylate rubber and a gloss reducing agent that includes the reaction product of (i) a compound having two or more epoxy functional groups per molecule and having a number average molecular weight greater than 1500 with (ii) a compound having a number average molecular weight 500 to 10000 that contains polyolefinic or polyether structural units and at least two terminal primary amine functional groups per molecule, with the proviso that the total of epoxy functional groups of (i) and terminal amine groups of (ii) per molecule of agent is greater than 4, said agent being present in an amount of 0.5 to 15 percent relative to the weight of the composition.","label":"Automobile","id":531}
{"sentence":"ARTICLE, LAMINATE AND ASSOCIATED METHODSAn article includes a membrane having pores and a selectively permeable coating supported by the membrane. The selectively permeable coating includes an antimicrobial agent in an amount that is sufficient to chemically react with a chemical or microbial agent to reduce the biological activity of the chemical or microbial agent or increase an amount of time for a significant amount of unreacted biologically active chemical or microbial agent to pass through the article. A laminate and methods of providing these are also provided.1 . An article, comprising: a membrane having pores; and a selectively permeable coating supported by the membrane, wherein the selectively permeable coating comprises an effective amount of at least one antimicrobial agent.","label":"Household","id":532}
{"sentence":"Co-microagglomeration of emulsion polymers (encapsulated core\/shell additives for PVC)Core\/shell additives, useful in modifying the processing and\/or physical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) and other thermoplastic matrix polymers, are prepared separately at small particle sizes by emulsion polymerization, co-agglomerated, further encapsulated by a final shell, and isolated by spray-drying or coagulation. The isolated powders are readily re-dispersed to their original particle sizes in the matrix polymer.1. An agglomerated, encapsulated blend of a core\/shell impact modifier and a core\/shell processing aid which comprises: a. an impact modifier component comprising particles of: 1) a rubbery core polymer particle having a glass temperature below about -20° C. and a particle size below about 100 nm diameter, the rubbery core polymer particle containing at least 50 weight percent of units derived from butadiene, C2to C8alkyl esters of acrylic acid, or mixtures thereof, and having a weight-average molecular weight of at least about 500,000; and 2) an intermediate shell polymer encapsulating the rubbery core polymer, the intermediate shell polymer having a glass temperature above -20° C., the intermediate shell containing predominately units derived from C1to C4esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and the intermediate shell being from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the rubbery core\/intermediate shell polymer particles; b. a processing aid component comprising particles of: 1) a core polymer particle having a particle size below about 100 nm diameter, the core polymer particle containing from at least 80 weight percent of units derived from C4to C12alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof and from 0 to about 20 parts of units derived from at least one other vinyl or vinylidene monomer, and having a weight-average molecular weight of no more than about 100,000, the core polymer not containing units derived from a graftlinking or crosslinking monomer, and the core polymer not being deliberately crosslinked; and at least one of: 2) an intermediate crosslinked shell polymer encapsulating the core polymer particle, and containing a) at least about 90 weight percent of units derived from one or more of vinyl aromatic monomers or C1-C4alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, b) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of units derived from at least one of: i) a multifunctional monomer containing two or more copolymerizable double bonds; or ii) an alkali, alkaline earth, or transition metal salt of a copolymerizable unsaturated acid; or 3) an intermediate shell stage of a polymer encapsulating the core polymer particle and, if present, the intermediate cross-linked shell polymer, and containing at least about 70 weight percent of units derived from one or more of vinyl aromatic monomers or C1to C4alkyl esters of methacrylic acid; and c. a final external encapsulating shell of hard polymer having a glass temperature at least 60° C., the encapsulating shell containing predominately units derived from a C1to C4alkyl ester of methacrylic acid, the encapsulating shell comprising from about 5 to about 20% by weight of the final core\/shell polymer blend, the encapsulating shell encapsulating an agglomerate of impact modifier and processing aid particles, the encapsulating shell forming a particle of at least 150 nm diameter.","label":"IndustConst","id":533}
{"sentence":"Device for the processing of feedstock with a rotor-stator systemA device for processing feedstock is provided that includes a rotor rotating around an axis in a housing, which houses processing tools, and has stator tools that are stationary with respect to the housing, which, by maintaining a working clearance, the rotor side processing tools are arranged opposite to the stator tools and interact with the stator tools to process the feedstock. The device also includes a resetting device for displacing the stator tools in a radial direction to set the working clearance. The resetting device for the stator tools include at least one tilted support surface, which directly or indirectly forms a contact surface for the stator tools. Whereby, the support surface is slideable with respect to the stator tools in order to adjust the working clearance.1. A device for processing feedstock, the device comprising: a rotor rotating around an axis in a housing, which houses processing tools, and has stator tools that are stationary with respect to the housing, which, by maintaining a working clearance, the rotor side processing tools are arranged opposite to the stator tools and interact with the stator tools to process the feedstock; and a resetting device for displacing the stator tools in a radial direction to set the working clearance, the resetting device for the stator tools having at least one tilted support surface, which directly or indirectly forms a contact surface for the stator tools, wherein the support surface is slideable with respect to the stator tools in order to adjust the working clearance, wherein the support surfaces of the wedge surfaces are constructed of one or more wedge components on which the stator tools directly or indirectly rest, and wherein a plurality of wedge components forming the support surface are arranged on a joint base plate, which is slideably positioned in a guide for the support surface.","label":"Household","id":534}
{"sentence":"TetramerizationA new P-N-P ligand is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium and ii) an activator such as methylalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of hexenes and octenes. The hexenes and octenes produced with this ligand contain very low levels of internal olefins when produced under preferred reaction conditions.1. A process for the oligomerization of ethylene comprising contacting ethylene under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst system comprising: a) A transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, V, Ti, Ni, and W; b) A ligand defined by the formula: wherein each of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 is a phenyl group bonded to a phosphorus atom, with the provisos that i) at least one of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 is ortho substituted with a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine and chlorine; ii) at least one of Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and Ph4 does not have any substituents in ortho positions; and iii) R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-20 hydrocarbyl and silyl; and c) an activator.","label":"Catalyst","id":535}
{"sentence":"Polyoxometallate catalysts and catalytic processesAn active and selective hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst comprises an activated partially-reduced polyoxometallate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridinium. C3 and C4 hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.1. An oxidation catalyst comprising an activated polyoxometallate comprising a polyoxoanion containing at least one framework metal bonded tkrough oxygen atoms to at least one heteroatom, which polyoxoanion is charge balanced with at least one partially reduced non-framework metal ion and in which at least one framework metal is partially reduced.","label":"Catalyst","id":536}
{"sentence":"Transition metal catalysts containing bidentate ligands and method of using and preparing sameDisclosed is a novel bidentate pyridine transition metal catalyst having the general formula           each R is independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 to C 6 alkyl, or C 6 to C 14 aryl, each R′ is independently selected from R, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 6 to C 14 aryl, C 7 to C 20 alkaryl, C 7 to C 20 aralkyl, halogen, or CF 3 , M is a Group 3 to 10 metal, each X is independently selected from halogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 6 to C 14 aryl, C 7 to C 20 alkaryl, C 7 to C 20 aralkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, or           L is X, cyclopentadienyl, C 1 to C 6 alkyl substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, or           n is 1 to 4;  a is 1 to 3;  b is 0 to 2;  a+b&#8804;3;  c is 1 to 6; and  a+b+c equals the oxidation state of M.1. A catalyst system which comprises: (a) a co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of methylaluminoxane (MAO), polymethylaluminoxane (PMAO), and acid salts of non-coordinating inert anions; and (b) a catalyst which comprises a Group 4 transition metal and at least one bidentate ligand that contains a quinoline or pyridine moiety.","label":"Catalyst","id":537}
{"sentence":"Preparation method of hydrophobic monolith type silica aerogelProvided is a method for preparing hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel, comprising dipping monolithic wet silica gel obtained by using an alkoxide precursor into an alkylsilane solution as a dipping solution to perform hydrophobitization of the surface and inner part of the monolithic wet silica gel by a dipping process. The method is economical by virtue of the use of a small amount of alkylsilane compound and imparts hydrophobic property to monolithic silica aerogel simply in a cost efficient and time efficient manner. In addition, the method reduces shrinkage of hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel, enables production of hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel in a translucent form, and allows the hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel to maintain low heat conductivity similar to the heat conductivity of hydrophilic silica aerogel. The hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel may be used directly as a heat insulating panel by virtue of excellent hydrophobic property and heat insulating property.1. A method for preparing hydrophobic monolithic silica aerogel, comprising: preparing monolithic wet silica gel by using an alkoxide precursor and introducing the wet silica gel to a monolithic mould thereby carrying out gelation to prepare a monolithic wet silica gel; controlling a degree of hydrophobization of the monolithic wet silica gel by dipping the wet gel into an alkylsilane solution through a dipping process; and carrying out supercritical drying of the hydrophobitized monolithic wet silica gel, wherein the alkylsilane solution is maintained at a temperature of 50-70° C. and the monolithic wet silica gel is dipped in the alkylsilane solution for 6-48 hours, and wherein the alkylsilane solution has a concentration of 5-20 vol %.","label":"IndustConst","id":538}
{"sentence":"Low smoke plasticized polyvinyl chlorideThe addition of 2-30 parts of zinc oxide to plasticized polyvinyl halide compositions results in reduced smoke generation under burning conditions. Optionally calcium carbonate or magnesium oxide is incorporated as a synergistic filler.1. A composition of matter comprising a thermoplastic polyvinyl halide, a stabilizer, and a plasticizer therefor in an amount equal to from 30 to 100 parts by weight said composition exhibiting substantially reduced smoke generation upon burning as a result of the presence therein of 2 to 30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, all concentrations being based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl halide.","label":"HouseConst","id":539}
{"sentence":"Polyfunctional lithium containing initiatorVery desirable polyfunctional lithium containing polymerization initiators are prepared by reacting an adduct of an organo lithium compound and styrene with an organic compound containing at least two 1,1-diphenylethylene groups in the proportion of about two moles of the adduct to one mole of the organic compound. A difunctional lithium initiator is prepared thereby. The difunctional initiator may be reacted with styrene and subsequently an additional quantity of the diphenylethylene compound which in turn is reacted with the styrene-organo lithium adduct to form a trifunctional initiator. The process can be repeated to obtain an initiator having any desired degree of lithium functionality. Such initiators can be prepared in the absence of polar solvents and are very desirable for the polymerization of dienes such as butadiene to a desirable 1,4 configuration and preparation of block copolymers.1. A polyfunctional lithium containing polymerization initiating composition containing at least two active lithium atoms, the composition having the formula: wherein R1is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aromatic radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2is a divalent organic radical having at least 6 carbon atoms, R2having at least one aromatic ring and the aromatic ring or rings being directly attached to the carbon atoms which are attached to R3and R4respectively, with the further limitation R2contains carbon and hydrocarbon, and optionally oxygen, and\/or sulfur, oxygen and sulfur when present are present only in a configuration of a diphenyl oxide or diphenyl sulfide; and R3and R4are individually selected from the group consisting of and mixtures thereof, n1,n2and n3have average values of 1 or greater.","label":"Automobile","id":540}
{"sentence":"Modified conjugated diene polymer and process for producing thereofA modified conjugated diene polymer comprises a modifying group based on a low molecular weight compound having two or more tertiary amino groups and one or more alkoxysilyl groups in a molecule which bonds to a conjugated diene polymer obtained by polymerization of a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene polymer obtained by copolymerization of a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound. The process for producing the modified conjugated diene polymer comprises the steps of: polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or copolymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound in a hydrocarbon solvent using an alkali metal initiator and\/or an alkaline earth metal initiator; and reacting active terminals of the resulting polymer with a low molecular weight compound having two or more tertiary amino groups and one or more alkoxysilyl groups in the molecule.1. A modified conjugated diene polymer represented by the following general formula (1), (2), (3), or (4), comprising a modifying group based on a low molecular weight compound having two or more tertiary amino groups and one or more alkoxysilyl groups in a molecule which bonds to a conjugated diene polymer obtained by polymerization of a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene polymer obtained by copolymerization of a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, wherein P represents the conjugated diene polymer; R1and R2, which may be the same or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may contain an unsaturated bond; R3represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may contain an unsaturated bond; R4, R5, R6, and R7, which may be the same or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with an organic group containing Si, O, or N and not containing an active hydrogen, and which may contain an unsaturated bond; f is an integer of 1 to 2, d is an integer of 1 to 2, and e is an integer of 0 to 1, provided that d+e+f=3, wherein P, R1, R3, R4, d, e, and f are the same as defined in the general formula (1), R8and R9, which may be the same or different from each other, represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may contain an unsaturated bond; and R10represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with an organic group containing Si, O, or N and not containing an active hydrogen, and which may contain an unsaturated bond, wherein P, R3, R4, R7, d, e, and f are the same as defined in the general formula (1); R8and R10are the same as defined in the general formula (2); and R11represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein P, R3, R5, and R6are the same as defined in the general formula (1); R12and R13, which may be the same or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may contain an unsaturated bond; and R14and R15, which may be the same or different from each other, represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with an organic group containing Si, O, or N and not containing an active hydrogen, and which may contain an unsaturated bond.","label":"Automobile","id":541}
{"sentence":"Process for agglomeration of superabsorbent polymer fine particlesAmong other things, a process for producing an agglomerated superabsorbent polymer particle and an agglomerated superabsorbent polymer particle are disclosed. The process comprises the steps of:    (A) bringing superabsorbent polymer fine particles having at least about 40 wt. %, a particle size of less than about 150 μm into contact with a fluid comprising to more than about 10 wt. % a cross-linkable, uncrosslinked polymer based on polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated, acid group-bearing monomers or salts thereof; and  (B) cross-linking the uncrosslinked polymer by heating the superabsorbent polymer fine particles and the fluid to a temperature from about 20 to about 300° C., so that the cross-linkable, uncrosslinked polymer at least partially crosslinks.1. A process for producing an agglomerated superabsorbent polymer particle comprising more than about 75 wt. % superabsorbent polymer fine particles, said process steps consist of: (A) bringing (i) superabsorbent polymer fine particles having at least about 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of the superabsorbent polymer fine particles, a particle size of less than about 150 μm into contact with (ii) a fluid comprising to more than about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fluid, a cross-linkable, uncross-linked polymer, which polymer is based on polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated, acid groups-bearing monomers or salts thereof to at least about 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the cross-linkable, uncrosslinked polymer; and (B) cross-linking the uncross-linked polymer by heating the superabsorbent polymer fine particles brought into contact with the fluid to a temperature within a range from about 20 to about 300° C., so that the cross-linkable, uncross-linked polymer at least partially crosslinks, wherein (a) the cross-linkable, uncross-linked polymer comprises, besides the polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated, acid groups-bearing monomers, further polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers (M) capable of reacting with polymerized acid group-bearing monomers in a condensation reaction, in an addition reaction, or in a ring opening reaction, and\/or (b) the fluid comprises, beside the cross-linkable, uncrosslinked polymer, a crosslinker, and (c) wherein the agglomerated superabsorbent polymer particle has less than about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the agglomerated superabsorbent polymer particle, a particle size of less than about 150 μm.","label":"Household","id":542}
{"sentence":"Film laminates having damping properties containing a sub-layer made of plasticizer-containing polyvinyl (iso)acetalFilm laminates are formed from at least three layers A, B and C, each containing at least one plasticizer and at least one polyvinyl acetal, wherein two outer layers A and C each contain at least one identical or different polyvinyl acetal having a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol groups of 18.5 to 23% by weight, at least one inner layer B contains a polyvinyl acetal having a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol groups of 12 to 18% by weight, and at least one of the layers A, B or C contains at least one polyvinyl (iso)acetal. The film laminates can be used for the production of glass\/film laminate\/glass composites for motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, architectural glazings, façade components, or for the production of photovoltaic modules.1. A film laminate, comprising at least three layers A, B and C, each containing at least one plasticizer and at least one uncrosslinked polyvinyl acetal, wherein two outer layers A and C each comprising at least one identical or different polyvinyl acetal having a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol groups of 18.5 to 23% by weight one or more inner layer(s) B comprising a polyvinyl acetal having a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol groups of 12 to 18% by weight, and wherein at least one of the layers A, B or C is a polyvinyl iso-acetal layer, wherein the film laminate satisfies at least one of the following conditions I and II: I. said polyvinyl acetal of layer B is polyvinyl iso-butyral and said polyvinyl acetal of layer A or C is polyvinyl n-butyral II. said polyvinyl acetal of layer B is polyvinyl n-butyral and said polyvinyl acetal of layer A or C is polyvinyl iso-butyral.","label":"HouseConst","id":543}
{"sentence":"Process for the preparation of catalytic systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkylaromatics or paraffinsProcess for preparing catalytic systems consisting of:  a vanadium oxide;  a bismuth oxide;  and a carrier consisting of magnesium oxide, comprising:  preparing of solutions based on derivatives of the components of the catalytic system;  mixing the solutions and optional aging;  drying the solution;  first heating, in the presence of air, of the solid obtained from the drying at a temperature ranging from room value to a temperature of between 290 and 310° C., for a time ranging from 1 to 3 hours;  additional heating, in the presence of air, of the solid for a time ranging from 2 to 4 hours at the calcination temperature ranging from 600 to 850° C.;  calcination, in the presence of air, of the solid at a constant temperature, ranging from 600 to 850° C., reached in the additional heating, for a time ranging from 8 to 16 hours.1. A process for preparing a catalytic system wherein the catalytic system consists of: a vanadium oxide; a bismuth oxide; and a carrier consisting of magnesium oxide, wherein the vanadium, expressed as V 2 O 5 , is in a quantity ranging from 2 to 35% by weight, the bismuth, expressed as Bi 2 O 3 , ranges from 2 to 40% by weight, the complement to 100 being the carrier, comprising: preparing solutions based on derivatives of the components of the catalytic system; mixing the prepared solutions and optionally aging; drying the solution to obtain a solid; first heating the solid in the presence of air from room temperature to a temperature of between 290 and 310° C., for a time ranging from 1 to 3 hours; additionally heating the solid in the presence of air for a time ranging from 2 to 4 hours from the temperature reached in the first heating to a calcination temperature ranging from 600 to 850° C.; calcining the solid in the presence of air at a constant temperature, ranging from 600 to 850° C., reached in the additional heating, for a time ranging from 8 to 16 hours.","label":"Catalyst","id":544}
{"sentence":"Absorbent resin composition and method for production thereofAn absorbent resin composition which shows high speed of absorption, excels in fluid permeability, and enjoys a high absorption capacity under load comprises primary particles of an absorbent resin and granulated particles of an absorbent resin having an average particle size smaller than the average particle size of the primary particles. An absorbent article contains the composition. The absorbent resin composition is produced by a method which comprises a step of producing granulated particles by granulating particles of absorbent resin having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 100 μm and a step of mixing the resultant granulated particles of the absorbent resin with the primary particles of an absorbent resin having an average particle size in the range of 150 to 800 μm. The granulated particles of an absorbent resin is produced by a method which comprises mixing the particles of absorbent resin with a granulating agent and extruding the resultant mixture through an extrusion granulating device provided with a spherical perforated plate.1. An absorbent resin composition comprising primary particles of absorbent resin and granulated particles obtained by granulating an absorbent resin having an average particle size smaller than that of said primary particles by using at least one granulating agent selected from the group consisting of water, a polyhydric alcohol, an amino group-containing compound, an amide group-containing compound, and a carboxyl group-containing compound.","label":"Household","id":545}
{"sentence":"Producing Nanostructure of Polymeric Core-Shell to Intelligent Control solubility of Hidrophilic Polymer during Polymer Flooding ProcessHydrophilic polymer particles have been obtained using polyacrylamide, xanthane, maleic anhydride polymers, allylamine, ethyleneimine, and oxazoline as core polymers. Then, hydrophobic polymers shells have been produced on the core-side using styrene, styrene copolymers, polyvinyl state, polysolfune, polymethyl methacrylate, and polycyclohxyl methacrylate by in-situ polymerization of monomer as method one and inverse emulsion process as method two. These particles can release hydrophilic polymers at oil-water interface at the reservoir temperature where the water flooding should have the maximum viscosity. So, active materials cause to decrease the mobility ratio of water to oil in the reservoirs and on the other hand, plug the swept porosities and prevent to act the water fingering process.1 . A method of producing nanostructure of polymeric core-shell to intelligent control solubility of hydrophilic polymer during polymer flooding process; comprising nanoparticles consisting of two parts, core and shell; wherein said core is hydrophilic polymer and said shell is a hydrophobic polymer; wherein said nanostructure is released inside an oil reservoir; wherein said shell is solvent in oil and said core increases water viscosity; wherein said shell dissolves in said oil reservoir and decreases water mobility ratio than underground oil in said oil reservoir and further increases efficiency of said oil in an oil removal procedure.","label":"IndustConst","id":546}
{"sentence":"Process for impregnating a planar compressible carrier material with synthetic resin, as well as device for working this processThe process serves to impregnate planar carrier materials, especially those in the form of continuous webs, with synthetic resin to manufacture a stackable product, such as, e.g., paper-prepregs to be used for the manufacture of synthetic-resin-laminated panels. For the process, a highly viscous liquid synthetic resin coating (5) is applied to one surface of the carrier material (1), the coating is heated to a higher temperature, during or after which, respectively, the synthetic resin (4) of the coating (5) is at least in part absorbed by the carrier material (1). The carrier material (1') thusly coated with synthetic resin is then briefly subjected to such pressure, e.g., with the aid of a pair of pressure rollers (9), that the synthetic resin (4) evenly permeates the carrier material. For the concurrent impregnation of several carrier materials (1), the superposed carrier materials (1') coated with synthetic resin can be subjected to mechanical pressure. In a device for the concurrent impregnation of two continuous carrier material webs, the synthetic resin coating is introduced between these two carrier material webs (46, 47).1. A process for impregnating a planar compressible carrier material (1), which has an air permeability according to Gurley in the range of 1.0 to 50 s, with synthetic resin to produce a stackable planar product, wherein to begin with a liquid synthetic resin coating (5) with a synthetic resin content of 70 to 100% and\/or with a viscosity at room temperature of 300 to 150,000 mPa.s is applied to one surface of the carrier material (1), whereupon without the application of a mechanical pressure the synthetic resin of the synthetic resin coating (5), which before and\/or after its application is raised to a higher temperature, at least partially penetrates into the carrier material (1), and wherein after the synthetic resin of the synthetic resin coating has to its largest part penetrated into the carrier material, this carrier material (1's) is thereupon subjected to such mechanical pressure that the synthetic resin possibly still present as a surface coating penetrates into the carrier material and wherein the synthetic resin evenly permeates the carrier material.","label":"IndustConst","id":547}
{"sentence":"Method for producing transition metal compounds and their use for the polymerization of olefinsThe invention relates to a method for producing special transition metal compounds, to novel transition metal compounds and to their use for the polymerization of olefins.1. A process for preparing compounds of the formula (VII) where R30is a hydrogen atom, C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C2–C10-alkenyl, C3–C15-alkylalkenyl, C6–C18-aryl, C5–C18-heteroaryl, C7–C20-arylalkyl, C7–C20-alkylaryl, fluorinated C1–C12-alkyl, fluorinated C6–C18-aryl, fluorinated C7–C20-arylalkyl, or fluorinated C7–C20-alkylaryl, R8is a hydrogen atom or C1–C18-alkyl, R2, R3, R4, R5are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C2–C10-alkenyl, C3–C15-alkylalkenyl, C6–C18-aryl, C5–C18-heteroaryl, C7–C20-arylkalkyl, C7–C20-alkylaryl, fluorinated C1–C12-alkyl, fluorinated C6–C18-aryl, fluorinated C7–C20-arylalkyl or fluorinated C7–C20-alkylaryl, where R2, R3, R4, R5may together from cyclic systems which may in turn by substituted, R6is a hydrogen atom, C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C2–C10-alkenyl, C3–C15-alkylalkenyl, C6–C18-aryl, C5–C18-heteroaryl, C7–C20-arylkalkyl or C7–C20-alkylaryl, R10is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C6–C20-aryl, C6–C20-aryloxy, C1–C20-alkyloxy or a nitrogen-containing compound, Z is phosphorus or nitrogen, M4is an element of groups 3 to 8 of the Periodic Table of Elements, comprising the steps A) reacting a compound of the formula I where R1are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C2–C10-alkenyl, C3–C15-alkylalkenyl, C6–C18-aryl, C5–C18-heteroaryl, C7–C20-arylkalkyl, C7–C20-alkylaryl, fluorinated C1–C12-alkyl, fluorinated C6–C18-aryl, fluorinated C7–C20-arylalkyl, or fluorinated C7–C20-alkylaryl, and R2, R3, R4, R5are as defined under formula (VII), X is nitrogen, Y is 2, R30is as defined above, with a compound of the formula (II) M1R6ZR7  (II) where Z and R6are as defined under formula (VII), M1is an element of group 1 or 2 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R7is a hydrogen atom, to form a compound of the formula (III) where R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R30, Z and M1are as defined above, B) reacting the compound of the formula (III) obtained in step A) with a compound of the formula IV M2R8  (IV) where M2is an element of group 1 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R8is a hydrogen atom or C1–C18-alkyl, to form a compound of the formula (V) where R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R30, and Z are as defined above and M3is an element of group 1 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and C) reacting the compound of the formula (V) obtained in step B) with a compound of the formula (VI) M4(R9)f(R10)g(R11)k  (VI) where M4is an element of group 3 to 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R9is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C6–C20-aryl, C6–C20-aryloxy or C1–C20-alkyloxy, R10is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1–C18-alkyl, C3–C12-cycloalkyl, C6–C20-aryl, C6–C20-aryloxy, C1–C20-alkyloxy or a nitrogen-containing compound, R11is a C1–C20-heteroorganic compound, f is 1–10, g is 1–10, k is 1–10, to give the compound of the formula (VII).","label":"Catalyst","id":548}
{"sentence":"Method for the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide by acidic catalyst to phenol and acetoneA method for the enhanced decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide by acidic catalyst to phenol and acetone which comprises decomposing cumene hydroperoxide in a non-isothermal manner in the presence of excess acetone whereby the molar ratio of acetone to phenol in a decomposition reactor is from about 1.1: 1 to 1.5:1. A method for the selectivity of the decomposition of dicumyl peroxide to alpha methylstyrene also phenol and acetone in the presence of an acidic catalyst which comprises carrying out the decomposition at a temperature of from about 80° to 110° C. A method for carrying out the decomposition of dicumyl peroxide with an acidic catalyst system which comprises performing such decomposition in the presence of the reaction product of (1) an amine with (2) an acidic material which can catalyze the decomposition of CHP. A method for preparing phenol and acetone from the decomposition of CHP with an acidic catalyst which comprises (a) decomposing CHP at a specific acidic catalyst concentration and temperature thereby forming a composition comprising phenol, acetone and dicumyl peroxide, (b) transferring dicumyl peroxide to a plug flow reactor wherein decomposition of dicumyl peroxide to phenol acetone and AMS occurs at a lower acidic catalyst concentration and a higher temperature than the catalyst concentration and temperature in step (a). A method for the decomposition of CHP and producing CHP decomposition products therefrom which comprises recycling the CHP decomposition products to a CHP feedstream in the quantity of from about 10-25 times the weight of the CHP feedstream.1. An improved method for the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide by acidic catalyst to phenol and acetone wherein the improvement comprises decomposing cumene hydroperoxide in a non-isothermal manner in the presence of excess acetone whereby the molar ratio of acetone to phenol in a decomposition reactor is from about 1.1:1 to 1.5:1 whereby the rate of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide is reduced and the reaction is more controllable and more selective.","label":"Process","id":549}
{"sentence":"Process for Producing Re-Moisturised Surface-Crosslinked SuperabsorbentsRe-moisturised, surface-crosslinked superabsorbents are produced using a process that comprises the steps of contacting a superabsorbent base polymer with an organic crosslinker and a polyvalent metal salt solution in the presence of an alcohol, heat-treating to produce a surface-crosslinked, dry superabsorbent and re-moisturising the surface-crosslinked dry superabsorbent.1 . Process for producing a re-moisturised, surface-crosslinked superabsorbent that comprises the steps of contacting a superabsorbent base polymer with an organic crosslinker and a polyvalent metal salt solution in the presence of an alcohol, heat-treating to produce a surface-crosslinked, dry superabsorbent and re-moisturising the surface-crosslinked dry superabsorbent.","label":"Household","id":550}
{"sentence":"Methods for preparing a rare-earth cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber with a controlled molecular weight distributionDisclosed herein are a method for preparing a cis-1,4-polybutadiene with a controlled molecular weight distribution, comprising polymerizing butadiene monomers using a rare-earth catalyst system comprising:    (a) at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound comprising at least one metal element chosen from the elements of atomic numbers 51-71 in the periodic table;  (b) at least one organoaluminum compound of the formula: AlR1R22,  (c) at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon-soluble halogen-containing compound;  (d) optionally at least one alkylaluminum alkoxide; and  (e) at least one conjugated double bond-containing organic compound, and methods of preparing the rare-earth catalyst system.1. A method for preparing a cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber with a controlled molecular weight distribution, comprising polymerizing butadiene monomer using a rare-earth catalyst system comprising: (a) at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of the elements of atomic numbers 51-71 in the periodic table; (b) at least one organoaluminum compound of the formula: AlR1R22, wherein R1and two R2groups, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the groups consisting of alkyl groups, or when R1is H, two R2groups are the same and selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups; (c) at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon-soluble halogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of metal haloalkyl compounds, metal halides, and haloalkyl compounds; (d) at least one alkylaluminum alkoxide; and (e) at least one conjugated double bond-containing organic compound, further comprising premixing the catalyst components according to a feeding order of (a)+(e)+(b)+(d)+(c) or (a)+(e)+(b)+(c)→(d) and aging the mixture of the catalyst components (a), (e), (b) and (d) before adding the catalyst component (c) or aging the mixture of the catalyst components (a), (e), and (b) before adding the catalyst component (c) and the catalyst component (d), wherein the aging temperature is above 30° C.","label":"Automobile","id":551}
{"sentence":"Catalyst system for synthesizing amine functionalized rubbery polymers having a high trans microstructureThe present invention is directed to a catalyst system for synthesizing rubbery polymers, such as polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene-butadiene rubber, or styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber, that are amine functionalized and have a high trans microstructure. The catalyst system, in one embodiment, includes (a) an organolithium amine compound, (b) a group IIa metal salt of an amino glycol or a glycol ether, (c) an organoaluminum compound, and optionally (d) an amine compound. The amine functionalized rubbery polymers can be utilized in tire tread rubbers where the rubbery polymers may provide desirable wear properties without substantially sacrificing other performance characteristic(s), e.g., traction properties.1. A method comprising: polymerizing one or more different types of conjugated diene monomers and optionally vinyl aromatic monomers in the presence of a catalyst system for synthesizing rubbery polymers that are amine functionalized and have a high trans microstructure comprising: an organolithium amine compound defined by R′NR″Li, wherein R′, together with the adjacent nitrogen, defines a heterocyclic aromatic amine group having 2 to 18 ring carbon atoms, and wherein R″ is a divalent hydrocarbyl group that has 1 to 20 carbons; a group IIa metal salt of an amino glycol or a glycol ether; and an organoaluminum compound.","label":"Automobile","id":552}
{"sentence":"Hydrophilic resin, absorbent article, and acrylic acid for polymerizationThe invention provides a hydrophilic resin and an absorbent article, both of which display still less coloring and discoloring when preserved for a long time. The hydrophilic resin is any one of: 1) a hydrophilic resin, obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing a monomer component including a major proportion of either one or both of acrylic acid and its salt which merely have a content of at most 0.20 ppm in total of hydroquinone and benzoquinone; 2) a hydrophilic resin, comprising a major proportion of an acrylic polymer and a minor proportion of either one or both of hydroquinone and benzoquinone, with the hydrophilic resin further comprising a quinhydronation inhibitor of 10_1,000,000 times the total weight of hydroquinone and benzoquinone; 3) a hydrophilic resin, comprising a major proportion of an acrylic polymer and merely having a coloring degree (YI) of at most 20 after being left under conditions of the open system, 70° C., 65% RH for 1 week; and 4) a hydrophilic resin, which is a water-absorbent resin and is surface-crosslinked or surface-impregnated with a polyhydric alcohol and displays pH of 5.5 or less in a physiological salt solution and has an absorption capacity of 20 g\/g or more for a physiological salt solution under a load of 50 g\/cm2. In addition, the absorbent article comprises the above hydrophilic resin.1. A crosslinked water-absorbent resin which is internally-crosslinked, which is obtained by aqueous solution polymerization or reverse-phase suspension polymerization, which has a water-soluble content of 25 weight % or below, which has an absorption capacity of 20 g\/g or more for a physiological salt solution under a load of 50 g\/cm2,over a period of 60 minutes, wherein the physiological salt solution is 0.9 wt % aqueous sodium chloride solution and which is obtained by a process comprising the steps of: a) producing an acrylic acid, wherein hydroquinone is used in the step of producing the acrylic acid in an amount greater than 0.20 ppm &quot;based on acrylic acid&quot;; b) reducing a total amount of hydroquinone and benzoquinone in the acrylic acid or its salt to at most 0.20 ppm &quot;based on acrylic acid&quot;; c) providing a monomer component, wherein a major portion of the monomer component is one or both of the acrylic acid or its salt; and d) polymerizing the monomer component to obtain the crosslinked water-absorbent resin.","label":"Household","id":553}
{"sentence":"Method and catalyst system for producing polyolefins with broadened molecular weight distributionsThe present invention provides a process for preparing a supported metallocene catalyst system that can be used to catalyze formation of polyolefins having a wide molecular weight range. In accordance with the process of the present invention, a first portion of an inorganic oxide is dried under a first set of conditions, wherein upon treatment with an organoaluminoxide and a metallocene, a first catalyst system is formed usable to produce a polyolefin product having a first molecular weight average distribution. A second portion of an inorganic oxide under a second set of conditions, wherein upon treatment with an organoaluminoxane and a metallocene, a second catalyst system is formed usable to produce polyolefin product having a second molecular weight distribution. An amount of the first portion is mixed with an amount of the second portion to produce a final inorganic oxide support. The final inorganic oxide support is combined with an organoaluminoxane and a metallocene to produce a supported metallocene catalyst system usable to catalyze formation of polyolefins with a broadened molecular weight average distribution. In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for polymerizing polyolefins using the inventive supported metallocene catalyst system. The process comprises preparing the final catalyst as mentioned above and then contacting an olefin with the final metallocene catalyst system under conditions supporting polymerization.1. A process for preparing a supported metallocene catalyst system useable to catalyze formation of polyolefins with a wide molecular weight distribution comprising the steps of: (a) drying a first portion of an inorganic oxide under a first set of conditions, wherein upon treatment with an organoaluminoxane and a metallocene, a first catalyst system is formed usable to produce a polyolefin product having a first weight average molecular weight; (b) drying a second portion of an inorganic oxide under a second set of conditions such that said first and second portions have different levels of dryness wherein, upon treatment with an organoaluminoxane and a metallocene, a second catalyst system is formed usable to produce polyolefin product having a second weight average molecular weight; (c) mixing an amount of the first portion with an amount of the second portion to produce a final inorganic oxide support; and (d) combining the final inorganic oxide support with an organoaluminoxane and a metallocene to produce a supported metallocene catalyst system usable to catalyze formation of polyolefins with a broadened molecular weight distribution.","label":"Catalyst","id":554}