Context: Document [1](Title: Electron transport chain) The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. The underlying force driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. The Gibbs free energy is the energy available ("free") to do work. Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous.

Context: Document [2](Title: Reactive oxygen species) chain. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed through a series of proteins via oxidation-reduction reactions, with each acceptor protein along the chain having a greater reduction potential than the previous. The last destination for an electron along this chain is an oxygen molecule. In normal conditions, the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 0.1–2% of electrons passing through the chain (this number derives from studies in isolated mitochondria, though the exact rate in live organisms is yet to be fully agreed upon), oxygen is instead prematurely and incompletely reduced to give the superoxide radical (),

Context: Document [3](Title: Electron transport chain) aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in

Context: Document [4](Title: Electron transport chain) to the acceptor through another electron transport chain. Photosynthetic electron transport chains have many similarities to the oxidative chains discussed above. They use mobile, lipid-soluble carriers (quinones) and mobile, water-soluble carriers (cytochromes, etc.). They also contain a proton pump. It is remarkable that the proton pump in "all" photosynthetic chains resembles mitochondrial "Complex III". Photosynthetic electron transport chains are discussed in greater detail in the articles Photophosphorylation, Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic reaction center and Light-dependent reaction. Electron transport chains are redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. The transfer of electrons is coupled to the translocation

Context: Document [5](Title: Electron transport chain) can synthesize different transmembrane complexes and produce different electron transport chains in their cell membranes. Bacteria select their electron transport chains from a DNA library containing multiple possible dehydrogenases, terminal oxidases and terminal reductases. The situation is often summarized by saying that electron transport chains in bacteria are "branched", "modular", and "inducible". In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from a low-energy electron donor (e.g., NADH) to an acceptor (e.g., O) through an electron transport chain. In photophosphorylation, the energy of sunlight is used to "create" a high-energy electron donor and an electron acceptor. Electrons are then transferred from the donor

Context: Document [6](Title: Electron transport chain) pass electrons to a more electronegative acceptor, which in turn donates these electrons to another acceptor, a process that continues down the series until electrons are passed to oxygen, the most electronegative and terminal electron acceptor in the chain. Passage of electrons between donor and acceptor releases energy, which is used to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by actively "pumping" protons into the intermembrane space, producing a thermodynamic state that has the potential to do work. This entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation, since ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation in many

Context: Document [7](Title: Oxidative phosphorylation) serve solely to transport electrons through proteins. Electrons move quite long distances through proteins by hopping along chains of these cofactors. This occurs by quantum tunnelling, which is rapid over distances of less than 1.4 m. Many catabolic biochemical processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta oxidation, produce the reduced coenzyme NADH. This coenzyme contains electrons that have a high transfer potential; in other words, they will release a large amount of energy upon oxidation. However, the cell does not release this energy all at once, as this would be an uncontrollable reaction. Instead, the electrons are

Context: Document [8](Title: Chlorophyll a) electron transport chain. These two systems are different in their redox potentials for one-electron oxidation. The E for P700 is approximately 500mV, while the E for P680 is approximately 1,100-1,200 mV. Chlorophyll "a" is very important in the energy phase of photosynthesis. Two electrons need to be passed to an electron acceptor for the process of photosynthesis to proceed. Within the reaction centers of both photosystems there are a pair of chlorophyll "a" molecules that pass electrons on to the transport chain through redox reactions. Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll "a" is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It

Context: Document [9](Title: Anoxygenic photosynthesis) transport chain, proteins such as halorhodopsin capture light energy with the aid of diterpenes to move ions against the gradient and produce ATP via chemiosmosis in the manner of mitochondria. There are two main types of anaerobic photosynthetic electron transport chains in bacteria. The type I reaction centers found in GSB, Chloracidobacterium, and Heliobacteria and the type II reaction centers found in FAPs and Purple Bacteria Type I Reaction Centers The electron transport chain of green sulfur bacteria — such as is present in model organism "Chlorobaculum tepidum" — uses the reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll pair, P840. When light is absorbed

Context: Document [10](Title: Oxidative phosphorylation) removed from NADH and passed to oxygen through a series of enzymes that each release a small amount of the energy. This set of enzymes, consisting of complexes I through IV, is called the electron transport chain and is found in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Succinate is also oxidized by the electron transport chain, but feeds into the pathway at a different point. In eukaryotes, the enzymes in this electron transport system use the energy released from the oxidation of NADH to pump protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This causes protons to build up in

Question: where does the electron transport chain get its electrons from?

Answer: electron donors

Answer: donor molecule


Context: Document [1](Title: Reactive oxygen species) chain. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed through a series of proteins via oxidation-reduction reactions, with each acceptor protein along the chain having a greater reduction potential than the previous. The last destination for an electron along this chain is an oxygen molecule. In normal conditions, the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 0.1–2% of electrons passing through the chain (this number derives from studies in isolated mitochondria, though the exact rate in live organisms is yet to be fully agreed upon), oxygen is instead prematurely and incompletely reduced to give the superoxide radical (),

Context: Document [2](Title: Electron transport chain) aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in

Context: Document [3](Title: Electron transport chain) to the acceptor through another electron transport chain. Photosynthetic electron transport chains have many similarities to the oxidative chains discussed above. They use mobile, lipid-soluble carriers (quinones) and mobile, water-soluble carriers (cytochromes, etc.). They also contain a proton pump. It is remarkable that the proton pump in "all" photosynthetic chains resembles mitochondrial "Complex III". Photosynthetic electron transport chains are discussed in greater detail in the articles Photophosphorylation, Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic reaction center and Light-dependent reaction. Electron transport chains are redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. The transfer of electrons is coupled to the translocation

Context: Document [4](Title: Electron transport chain) can synthesize different transmembrane complexes and produce different electron transport chains in their cell membranes. Bacteria select their electron transport chains from a DNA library containing multiple possible dehydrogenases, terminal oxidases and terminal reductases. The situation is often summarized by saying that electron transport chains in bacteria are "branched", "modular", and "inducible". In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from a low-energy electron donor (e.g., NADH) to an acceptor (e.g., O) through an electron transport chain. In photophosphorylation, the energy of sunlight is used to "create" a high-energy electron donor and an electron acceptor. Electrons are then transferred from the donor

Context: Document [5](Title: Electron transport chain) The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. The underlying force driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. The Gibbs free energy is the energy available ("free") to do work. Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous.

Question: where does the electron transport chain get its electrons from?

Answer: electron donors

Answer: donor molecule


Context: Document [5](Title: Electron transport chain) pass electrons to a more electronegative acceptor, which in turn donates these electrons to another acceptor, a process that continues down the series until electrons are passed to oxygen, the most electronegative and terminal electron acceptor in the chain. Passage of electrons between donor and acceptor releases energy, which is used to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by actively "pumping" protons into the intermembrane space, producing a thermodynamic state that has the potential to do work. This entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation, since ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation in many

Context: Document [6](Title: Oxidative phosphorylation) serve solely to transport electrons through proteins. Electrons move quite long distances through proteins by hopping along chains of these cofactors. This occurs by quantum tunnelling, which is rapid over distances of less than 1.4 m. Many catabolic biochemical processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta oxidation, produce the reduced coenzyme NADH. This coenzyme contains electrons that have a high transfer potential; in other words, they will release a large amount of energy upon oxidation. However, the cell does not release this energy all at once, as this would be an uncontrollable reaction. Instead, the electrons are

Context: Document [7](Title: Chlorophyll a) electron transport chain. These two systems are different in their redox potentials for one-electron oxidation. The E for P700 is approximately 500mV, while the E for P680 is approximately 1,100-1,200 mV. Chlorophyll "a" is very important in the energy phase of photosynthesis. Two electrons need to be passed to an electron acceptor for the process of photosynthesis to proceed. Within the reaction centers of both photosystems there are a pair of chlorophyll "a" molecules that pass electrons on to the transport chain through redox reactions. Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll "a" is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It

Context: Document [8](Title: Anoxygenic photosynthesis) transport chain, proteins such as halorhodopsin capture light energy with the aid of diterpenes to move ions against the gradient and produce ATP via chemiosmosis in the manner of mitochondria. There are two main types of anaerobic photosynthetic electron transport chains in bacteria. The type I reaction centers found in GSB, Chloracidobacterium, and Heliobacteria and the type II reaction centers found in FAPs and Purple Bacteria Type I Reaction Centers The electron transport chain of green sulfur bacteria — such as is present in model organism "Chlorobaculum tepidum" — uses the reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll pair, P840. When light is absorbed

Context: Document [9](Title: Oxidative phosphorylation) removed from NADH and passed to oxygen through a series of enzymes that each release a small amount of the energy. This set of enzymes, consisting of complexes I through IV, is called the electron transport chain and is found in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Succinate is also oxidized by the electron transport chain, but feeds into the pathway at a different point. In eukaryotes, the enzymes in this electron transport system use the energy released from the oxidation of NADH to pump protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This causes protons to build up in

Context: Document [10](Title: Electron transport chain) The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. The underlying force driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. The Gibbs free energy is the energy available ("free") to do work. Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous.

Question: where does the electron transport chain get its electrons from?

Answer: electron donors

Answer: donor molecule


Context: Document [1](Title: Fingerprint) difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity. They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves, as in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Fingerprint analysis, in use since the early 20th century, has led to many crimes being solved. This means that many criminals consider gloves essential. In 2015, the identification of sex by use of a fingerprint test has been reported.

Context: Document [2](Title: Edward Henry) already been exchanging letters with Francis Galton regarding the use of fingerprinting to identify criminals, either instead of or in addition to the anthropometric method of Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry introduced into the Bengal police department. The taking of fingerprints and palm prints had been common among officialdom in Bengal as a means of identification for forty years, having been introduced by Sir William Herschel, but it was not used by the police and there was no system of simple sorting to allow rapid identification of an individual print (although classification of types was already used). Between July 1896 and

Context: Document [3](Title: Fingerprint) a crime scene, or on items of evidence from a crime, have been used in forensic science to identify suspects, victims and other persons who touched a surface. Fingerprint identification emerged as an important system within police agencies in the late 19th century, when it replaced anthropometric measurements as a more reliable method for identifying persons having a prior record, often under a false name, in a criminal record repository. In modern times, researchers can find traces of addictive drugs on just a fingerprint. Fingerprinting has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years or so to provide identification

Context: Document [4](Title: Fingerprint) United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by 1906, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a finger print advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Scheffer case of 1902 is the first case of the identification, arrest and conviction of a murderer based upon fingerprint evidence. Alphonse Bertillon identified the thief and murderer Scheffer, who had previously been arrested and his fingerprints filed some months before, from the fingerprints found on a

Context: Document [5](Title: Forensic science) used in breaking and entering. Although his central methods were soon to be supplanted by fingerprinting, "his other contributions like the mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day." Sir William Herschel was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a security measure to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures in 1858. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Kolkata), Herschel instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds, and he

Context: Document [6](Title: Edward Henry) was originally not to assist in identifying criminals, but to prevent criminals from concealing previous convictions from the police, courts and prisons. However, it was used to ensure the conviction of burglar Harry Jackson in 1902 and soon caught on with CID. This usage was later cemented when fingerprint evidence was used to secure the convictions of Alfred and Albert Stratton for murder in 1905. Henry introduced other innovations as well. He bought the first typewriters to be used in Scotland Yard outside the Registry, replacing the laborious hand copying of the clerks. In 1902, he ran a private telegraph

Context: Document [7](Title: Criminal Justice Information Services) Tayside Police, James Mackay QPM, and Tayside's head of CID, Detective Chief Superintendent Scott Robertson, were then appointed by the Crown Office to conduct a further investigation into the issues relating to fingerprint evidence and to report back with their findings. Mackay's interim report on August 3, 2000 suggested that SCRO fingerprint personnel had given evidence in court that was: According to a Scottish Executive Justice Department internal email written by senior official, Sheena Maclaren: Marked 'confidential', the final Mackay and Robertson report was submitted to the Crown Office in October 2000. It took more than five years for details

Context: Document [8](Title: Biometrics use by the South African government) of biometrics in the police services are fingerprint readers (with fake fingerprint detection functionality) for access control in departments with secure and sensitive information (e.g. forensic laboratories, stolen vehicle departments etc.). Fingerprints are also being used as the sole method for doing criminal record background checks for commercial purposes – as the use of a name, surname or identification number has too much potential for abuse, and this system failure has led to much fraud. A full set of fingerprints is required for a criminal record check to be done on an individual. Companies who want to make use of

Context: Document [9](Title: Fingerprint) they refuse to reveal the technique. In the 1930s criminal investigators in the United States first discovered the existence of latent fingerprints on the surfaces of fabrics, most notably on the insides of gloves discarded by perpetrators. Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime. The basis of the traditional fingerprinting technique is simple. The skin on the palmar surface of the hands and feet forms ridges, so-called papillary ridges, in patterns that are unique to each individual and which

Context: Document [10](Title: Forensic science) accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by December 1905, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a fingerprint advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Uhlenhuth test, or the antigen–antibody precipitin test for species, was invented by

Question: when was fingerprinting first used by the police?

Answer: the early 20th century

Answer: In 1840


Context: Document [1](Title: Edward Henry) already been exchanging letters with Francis Galton regarding the use of fingerprinting to identify criminals, either instead of or in addition to the anthropometric method of Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry introduced into the Bengal police department. The taking of fingerprints and palm prints had been common among officialdom in Bengal as a means of identification for forty years, having been introduced by Sir William Herschel, but it was not used by the police and there was no system of simple sorting to allow rapid identification of an individual print (although classification of types was already used). Between July 1896 and

Context: Document [2](Title: Fingerprint) a crime scene, or on items of evidence from a crime, have been used in forensic science to identify suspects, victims and other persons who touched a surface. Fingerprint identification emerged as an important system within police agencies in the late 19th century, when it replaced anthropometric measurements as a more reliable method for identifying persons having a prior record, often under a false name, in a criminal record repository. In modern times, researchers can find traces of addictive drugs on just a fingerprint. Fingerprinting has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years or so to provide identification

Context: Document [3](Title: Fingerprint) United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by 1906, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a finger print advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Scheffer case of 1902 is the first case of the identification, arrest and conviction of a murderer based upon fingerprint evidence. Alphonse Bertillon identified the thief and murderer Scheffer, who had previously been arrested and his fingerprints filed some months before, from the fingerprints found on a

Context: Document [4](Title: Forensic science) used in breaking and entering. Although his central methods were soon to be supplanted by fingerprinting, "his other contributions like the mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day." Sir William Herschel was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a security measure to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures in 1858. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Kolkata), Herschel instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds, and he

Context: Document [5](Title: Fingerprint) difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity. They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves, as in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Fingerprint analysis, in use since the early 20th century, has led to many crimes being solved. This means that many criminals consider gloves essential. In 2015, the identification of sex by use of a fingerprint test has been reported.

Question: when was fingerprinting first used by the police?

Answer: the early 20th century

Answer: In 1840


Context: Document [5](Title: Edward Henry) was originally not to assist in identifying criminals, but to prevent criminals from concealing previous convictions from the police, courts and prisons. However, it was used to ensure the conviction of burglar Harry Jackson in 1902 and soon caught on with CID. This usage was later cemented when fingerprint evidence was used to secure the convictions of Alfred and Albert Stratton for murder in 1905. Henry introduced other innovations as well. He bought the first typewriters to be used in Scotland Yard outside the Registry, replacing the laborious hand copying of the clerks. In 1902, he ran a private telegraph

Context: Document [6](Title: Criminal Justice Information Services) Tayside Police, James Mackay QPM, and Tayside's head of CID, Detective Chief Superintendent Scott Robertson, were then appointed by the Crown Office to conduct a further investigation into the issues relating to fingerprint evidence and to report back with their findings. Mackay's interim report on August 3, 2000 suggested that SCRO fingerprint personnel had given evidence in court that was: According to a Scottish Executive Justice Department internal email written by senior official, Sheena Maclaren: Marked 'confidential', the final Mackay and Robertson report was submitted to the Crown Office in October 2000. It took more than five years for details

Context: Document [7](Title: Biometrics use by the South African government) of biometrics in the police services are fingerprint readers (with fake fingerprint detection functionality) for access control in departments with secure and sensitive information (e.g. forensic laboratories, stolen vehicle departments etc.). Fingerprints are also being used as the sole method for doing criminal record background checks for commercial purposes – as the use of a name, surname or identification number has too much potential for abuse, and this system failure has led to much fraud. A full set of fingerprints is required for a criminal record check to be done on an individual. Companies who want to make use of

Context: Document [8](Title: Fingerprint) they refuse to reveal the technique. In the 1930s criminal investigators in the United States first discovered the existence of latent fingerprints on the surfaces of fabrics, most notably on the insides of gloves discarded by perpetrators. Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime. The basis of the traditional fingerprinting technique is simple. The skin on the palmar surface of the hands and feet forms ridges, so-called papillary ridges, in patterns that are unique to each individual and which

Context: Document [9](Title: Forensic science) accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by December 1905, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a fingerprint advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Uhlenhuth test, or the antigen–antibody precipitin test for species, was invented by

Context: Document [10](Title: Fingerprint) difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity. They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves, as in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Fingerprint analysis, in use since the early 20th century, has led to many crimes being solved. This means that many criminals consider gloves essential. In 2015, the identification of sex by use of a fingerprint test has been reported.

Question: when was fingerprinting first used by the police?

Answer: the early 20th century

Answer: In 1840


Context: Document [1](Title: Ménage à Troi) "Ménage à Troi" is the 24th episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 72nd episode of the series overall.

Context: Document [2](Title: The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) also notes that they may reapply to join the Federation at a later date. The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Hunted" is the 11th episode of the of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", and the 59th episode of the series overall. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship "Enterprise". In this episode, as Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his staff meet with the leaders of the planet Angosia III who are petitioning for Federation membership, they find themselves learning more than expected about the Angosians

Context: Document [3](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)) Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3) The third season of the American science fiction television series "" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 25, 1989 and concluded on June 18, 1990 after airing 26 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship "Enterprise"-D. Season three featured the return of Gates McFadden as Dr. Beverly Crusher after she was replaced by Diana Muldaur for the . The season also saw the debut of several actors who would reappear in the same roles and others throughout

Context: Document [4](Title: The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Hunted" is the 11th episode of the of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", and the 59th episode of the series overall. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship "Enterprise". In this episode, as Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his staff meet with the leaders of the planet Angosia III who are petitioning for Federation membership, they find themselves learning more than expected about the Angosians when they offer to help capture a local escaped prisoner. The "Enterprise" is investigating

Context: Document [5](Title: The Chase (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) The Chase (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Chase" is the 146th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", the 20th episode of the . It is directed by series cast member Jonathan Frakes (Commander William Riker). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS "Enterprise"-D. In this episode, four competing expeditions—Federation, Klingon, Cardassian, and Romulan—attempt to solve an ancient genetic puzzle. "Enterprise" Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) has always been a student of archaeology, and in this episode he is contacted by his former mentor Professor Richard

Context: Document [6](Title: Clues (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) not knowing. One of them even has a broken limb..." Clues (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Clues" is the 14th episode of the of the American science fiction television series "", it originally aired on February 11, 1991 in broadcast syndication. The teleplay was written by Bruce D. Arthurs and Joe Menosky from a story by Arthurs and was directed by Les Landau Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship USS "Enterprise"-D. While en route to investigate a mysterious planet, the entire crew, with the exception of Lieutenant Commander Data,

Context: Document [7](Title: Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Preemptive Strike" is the 176th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series "". It is the 24th episode of the , and penultimate episode of the series overall, directed by cast member Patrick Stewart (Captain Jean-Luc Picard). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS "Enterprise"-D. In this episode, the recurring character Ro Laren (Michelle Forbes), a court-martialed Starfleet officer who first appeared in the episode "", finds her loyalties divided between Starfleet and a group of resistance fighters who oppose

Context: Document [8](Title: Manhunt (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) about her, much to his dismay. Manhunt had some of the lowest Nielsen ratings of all of The Next Generation first run broadcasts, at 8.9 points. Manhunt (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Manhunt" is the 19th episode of the of the American science fiction television series "", the 45th episode overall, originally broadcast on June 19, 1989. In this episode, the "Enterprise" must transport delegates to a conference, one of whom is an extremely man-hungry Lwaxana Troi with eyes for Captain Picard. Drummer Mick Fleetwood from the British rock band Fleetwood Mac plays an Antedean dignitary in this episode. The

Context: Document [9](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation) and films, including "Star Trek: The Next Generation" Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG and ST:TNG) is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. It originally aired from September 28, 1987 to May 23, 1994 on syndication, spanning 178 episodes over the course of seven seasons. The third series in the "Star Trek" franchise, it is the second sequel to "". Set in the 24th century, when Earth is part of a United Federation of Planets, it follows the adventures of a Starfleet starship, the USS "Enterprise"-D, in its exploration of the

Context: Document [10](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 2)) Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series "" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on November 21, 1988, and concluded on July 17, 1989, after airing 22 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship "Enterprise"-D. Season two featured changes to the main cast, following the departure of Gates McFadden. Diana Muldaur was cast as Dr. Katherine Pulaski for a single season before the return of McFadden in season three. Academy Award winner Whoopi Goldberg also joined

Question: star trek the next generation season 3 episode 24?

Answer: "Ménage à Troi"


Context: Document [1](Title: The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) also notes that they may reapply to join the Federation at a later date. The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Hunted" is the 11th episode of the of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", and the 59th episode of the series overall. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship "Enterprise". In this episode, as Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his staff meet with the leaders of the planet Angosia III who are petitioning for Federation membership, they find themselves learning more than expected about the Angosians

Context: Document [2](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)) Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3) The third season of the American science fiction television series "" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 25, 1989 and concluded on June 18, 1990 after airing 26 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship "Enterprise"-D. Season three featured the return of Gates McFadden as Dr. Beverly Crusher after she was replaced by Diana Muldaur for the . The season also saw the debut of several actors who would reappear in the same roles and others throughout

Context: Document [3](Title: The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) The Hunted (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Hunted" is the 11th episode of the of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", and the 59th episode of the series overall. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship "Enterprise". In this episode, as Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his staff meet with the leaders of the planet Angosia III who are petitioning for Federation membership, they find themselves learning more than expected about the Angosians when they offer to help capture a local escaped prisoner. The "Enterprise" is investigating

Context: Document [4](Title: The Chase (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) The Chase (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "The Chase" is the 146th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", the 20th episode of the . It is directed by series cast member Jonathan Frakes (Commander William Riker). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS "Enterprise"-D. In this episode, four competing expeditions—Federation, Klingon, Cardassian, and Romulan—attempt to solve an ancient genetic puzzle. "Enterprise" Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) has always been a student of archaeology, and in this episode he is contacted by his former mentor Professor Richard

Context: Document [5](Title: Ménage à Troi) "Ménage à Troi" is the 24th episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 72nd episode of the series overall.

Question: star trek the next generation season 3 episode 24?

Answer: "Ménage à Troi"


Context: Document [5](Title: Clues (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) not knowing. One of them even has a broken limb..." Clues (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Clues" is the 14th episode of the of the American science fiction television series "", it originally aired on February 11, 1991 in broadcast syndication. The teleplay was written by Bruce D. Arthurs and Joe Menosky from a story by Arthurs and was directed by Les Landau Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship USS "Enterprise"-D. While en route to investigate a mysterious planet, the entire crew, with the exception of Lieutenant Commander Data,

Context: Document [6](Title: Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Preemptive Strike" is the 176th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series "". It is the 24th episode of the , and penultimate episode of the series overall, directed by cast member Patrick Stewart (Captain Jean-Luc Picard). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS "Enterprise"-D. In this episode, the recurring character Ro Laren (Michelle Forbes), a court-martialed Starfleet officer who first appeared in the episode "", finds her loyalties divided between Starfleet and a group of resistance fighters who oppose

Context: Document [7](Title: Manhunt (Star Trek: The Next Generation)) about her, much to his dismay. Manhunt had some of the lowest Nielsen ratings of all of The Next Generation first run broadcasts, at 8.9 points. Manhunt (Star Trek: The Next Generation) "Manhunt" is the 19th episode of the of the American science fiction television series "", the 45th episode overall, originally broadcast on June 19, 1989. In this episode, the "Enterprise" must transport delegates to a conference, one of whom is an extremely man-hungry Lwaxana Troi with eyes for Captain Picard. Drummer Mick Fleetwood from the British rock band Fleetwood Mac plays an Antedean dignitary in this episode. The

Context: Document [8](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation) and films, including "Star Trek: The Next Generation" Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG and ST:TNG) is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. It originally aired from September 28, 1987 to May 23, 1994 on syndication, spanning 178 episodes over the course of seven seasons. The third series in the "Star Trek" franchise, it is the second sequel to "". Set in the 24th century, when Earth is part of a United Federation of Planets, it follows the adventures of a Starfleet starship, the USS "Enterprise"-D, in its exploration of the

Context: Document [9](Title: Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 2)) Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series "" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on November 21, 1988, and concluded on July 17, 1989, after airing 22 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship "Enterprise"-D. Season two featured changes to the main cast, following the departure of Gates McFadden. Diana Muldaur was cast as Dr. Katherine Pulaski for a single season before the return of McFadden in season three. Academy Award winner Whoopi Goldberg also joined

Context: Document [10](Title: Ménage à Troi) "Ménage à Troi" is the 24th episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 72nd episode of the series overall.

Question: star trek the next generation season 3 episode 24?

Answer: "Ménage à Troi"


Context: Document [1](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)) USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is a fictional starship in the fictional Star Trek universe that serves as both the main setting of the original Star Trek television series, as well as the primary transportation method for the show's characters. The Enterprise has been depicted in four network television series, six feature films, many books, and much fan-created media. The original Star Trek series (1966–1969) features a voice-over by Enterprise captain, James T. Kirk (William Shatner), which describes the mission of the Enterprise as "to explore strange new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no

Context: Document [2](Title: Starship Enterprise) that was Earth's first attempt to explore another star system. "The Making of Star Trek: The Motion Picture", published in 1980, describes the ship as "the very first starship U.S.S. "Enterprise"". A painting of this ship hangs on the wall of Earth's 602 Club in flashbacks that appeared in the "" episode "" (2003). Registry: "Enterprise" (NX-01) Class: NX Service: 2151–2161 (10 years) Captain: Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) United Earth Starfleet's "Enterprise" is the main setting of "" (2001–2005). "Enterprise" was the first Earth built starship capable of reaching Warp 5. She was commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer and played

Context: Document [3](Title: Starship Enterprise) of illustrations depicting ships named "Enterprise". It also appears as a model in "Star Trek Into Darkness" (2013), together with models of a "Wright Flyer", a V-2 rocket, a Bell X-1, a Vostok-3KA capsule, a Space Shuttle orbiter, and some "Star Trek" universe starships. The 1979 "Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology" describes this "first interstellar liner" as a "Declaration"-class ship launched in 2123. Its length is given as , and it has a capacity of 100 crew and 850 passengers. The "Star Trek Maps" by New Eye Photography Editors, also published in 1979, listed this ship as a fusion drive probe

Context: Document [4](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)) at Farpoint" under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Several episodes, as well as the ship's dedication plaque, establish that the "Enterprise" was built at the Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards in orbit around Mars. The "Enterprise"-D is the third "Galaxy"-class starship, after the pathfinder ship USS "Galaxy" and the USS "Yamato". The dedication plaque gives its commissioning date as 40759.5, which was intended to represent October 4, 2363, which would be the 406th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik, humanity's first spacecraft. During the "Star Trek: The Next Generation" series, the ship's crew makes first contact with many species, including

Context: Document [5](Title: Star Trek: Enterprise) the adventures of the crew of the starship "Enterprise", designation NX-01. They are the first deep space explorers in Starfleet, using the first Warp 5 equipped vessel. At the start of the series, it is revealed that the Vulcans have withheld advanced technology from humanity since their first contact, concerned that humans were not ready for it. This has delayed human space exploration and caused resentment in Captain Jonathan Archer, whose father developed the Warp 5 engine but did not live to see it used. "Enterprise" was intentionally equipped with less advanced versions of technologies seen in previous series. For

Context: Document [6](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)) "Enterprise", which would become the latest flagship of the United Federation of Planets after the "Enterprise"-D had been destroyed. The "Enterprise"-E, a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, and most of the key officers from the "Enterprise"-D. According to the non-canon novel "Ship of the Line", the originally planned name for the vessel was USS "Honorius", and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the "Enterprise"-E. In the film "Star Trek: First Contact", the "Enterprise" participates in the Battle of Sector 001, destroying

Context: Document [7](Title: First Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)) Base and the first NASA astronauts. Reference is also made to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, when Archer mentions that no-one remembers astronaut Buzz Aldrin's first words when he stepped onto the moon. His actual first words were "Beautiful view." Warp drive was first mentioned in Gene Roddenberry's first-draft pitch for "Star Trek", dated March 11, 1964, although in that version it was referred to as a "space-warp drive". The drive allows for a vessel to travel faster than the speed of light by warping space-time around the ship itself. In 1994, physicist Miguel Alcubierre created the theoretical Alcubierre drive,

Context: Document [8](Title: Star Trek) Star Trek Star Trek is an American space opera media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called "Star Trek" and now referred to as """", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC. It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and his crew aboard the starship USS "Enterprise", a space exploration vessel, built by the United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century. The "Star Trek" canon of the franchise includes "The Original Series", an animated series, five spin-off

Context: Document [9](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)) fan letters about the "Enterprise" than any of the actors. A write-in campaign in 1976 led to the first space shuttle being named "Enterprise" rather than "Constitution". In 2009, Virgin Galactic named its first commercial spaceship to honor the "Star Trek" vessel. "Build the Enterprise" is a website that proposes creating a functional spacecraft with a hull similar to the "Enterprise". The United States Navy evaluated the efficiency of the "Enterprise" bridge's style and layout, and the bridge of the USS "Independence" and the Ship's Mission Center of the USS "Zumwalt" have been compared to the "Enterprise"s bridge. An exacting

Context: Document [10](Title: Kir'Shara) the first Starfleet starship "Enterprise", registration NX-01. In this episode, "Enterprise" attempts to avert a war, and is caught in a crossfire between Vulcan and Andorian starships. Meanwhile. Captain Archer, Commander T'Pol, and T'Pau aim to take the Kir'Shara to the Vulcan capital, and use it to reveal Administrator V'Las' plot to the rest of the Vulcan High Command. In addition to the guest stars returning from the previous arc episodes, or the episode "", Jeffrey Combs returned as Shran. The episode was shot across seven days using mostly standing sets, with only an Andorian brig built specifically for this

Question: what was the first star trek enterprise ship?

Answer: NCC-1701


Context: Document [1](Title: Starship Enterprise) that was Earth's first attempt to explore another star system. "The Making of Star Trek: The Motion Picture", published in 1980, describes the ship as "the very first starship U.S.S. "Enterprise"". A painting of this ship hangs on the wall of Earth's 602 Club in flashbacks that appeared in the "" episode "" (2003). Registry: "Enterprise" (NX-01) Class: NX Service: 2151–2161 (10 years) Captain: Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) United Earth Starfleet's "Enterprise" is the main setting of "" (2001–2005). "Enterprise" was the first Earth built starship capable of reaching Warp 5. She was commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer and played

Context: Document [2](Title: Starship Enterprise) of illustrations depicting ships named "Enterprise". It also appears as a model in "Star Trek Into Darkness" (2013), together with models of a "Wright Flyer", a V-2 rocket, a Bell X-1, a Vostok-3KA capsule, a Space Shuttle orbiter, and some "Star Trek" universe starships. The 1979 "Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology" describes this "first interstellar liner" as a "Declaration"-class ship launched in 2123. Its length is given as , and it has a capacity of 100 crew and 850 passengers. The "Star Trek Maps" by New Eye Photography Editors, also published in 1979, listed this ship as a fusion drive probe

Context: Document [3](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)) at Farpoint" under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Several episodes, as well as the ship's dedication plaque, establish that the "Enterprise" was built at the Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards in orbit around Mars. The "Enterprise"-D is the third "Galaxy"-class starship, after the pathfinder ship USS "Galaxy" and the USS "Yamato". The dedication plaque gives its commissioning date as 40759.5, which was intended to represent October 4, 2363, which would be the 406th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik, humanity's first spacecraft. During the "Star Trek: The Next Generation" series, the ship's crew makes first contact with many species, including

Context: Document [4](Title: Star Trek: Enterprise) the adventures of the crew of the starship "Enterprise", designation NX-01. They are the first deep space explorers in Starfleet, using the first Warp 5 equipped vessel. At the start of the series, it is revealed that the Vulcans have withheld advanced technology from humanity since their first contact, concerned that humans were not ready for it. This has delayed human space exploration and caused resentment in Captain Jonathan Archer, whose father developed the Warp 5 engine but did not live to see it used. "Enterprise" was intentionally equipped with less advanced versions of technologies seen in previous series. For

Context: Document [5](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)) USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is a fictional starship in the fictional Star Trek universe that serves as both the main setting of the original Star Trek television series, as well as the primary transportation method for the show's characters. The Enterprise has been depicted in four network television series, six feature films, many books, and much fan-created media. The original Star Trek series (1966–1969) features a voice-over by Enterprise captain, James T. Kirk (William Shatner), which describes the mission of the Enterprise as "to explore strange new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no

Question: what was the first star trek enterprise ship?

Answer: NCC-1701


Context: Document [5](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)) "Enterprise", which would become the latest flagship of the United Federation of Planets after the "Enterprise"-D had been destroyed. The "Enterprise"-E, a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, and most of the key officers from the "Enterprise"-D. According to the non-canon novel "Ship of the Line", the originally planned name for the vessel was USS "Honorius", and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the "Enterprise"-E. In the film "Star Trek: First Contact", the "Enterprise" participates in the Battle of Sector 001, destroying

Context: Document [6](Title: First Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)) Base and the first NASA astronauts. Reference is also made to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, when Archer mentions that no-one remembers astronaut Buzz Aldrin's first words when he stepped onto the moon. His actual first words were "Beautiful view." Warp drive was first mentioned in Gene Roddenberry's first-draft pitch for "Star Trek", dated March 11, 1964, although in that version it was referred to as a "space-warp drive". The drive allows for a vessel to travel faster than the speed of light by warping space-time around the ship itself. In 1994, physicist Miguel Alcubierre created the theoretical Alcubierre drive,

Context: Document [7](Title: Star Trek) Star Trek Star Trek is an American space opera media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called "Star Trek" and now referred to as """", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC. It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and his crew aboard the starship USS "Enterprise", a space exploration vessel, built by the United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century. The "Star Trek" canon of the franchise includes "The Original Series", an animated series, five spin-off

Context: Document [8](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)) fan letters about the "Enterprise" than any of the actors. A write-in campaign in 1976 led to the first space shuttle being named "Enterprise" rather than "Constitution". In 2009, Virgin Galactic named its first commercial spaceship to honor the "Star Trek" vessel. "Build the Enterprise" is a website that proposes creating a functional spacecraft with a hull similar to the "Enterprise". The United States Navy evaluated the efficiency of the "Enterprise" bridge's style and layout, and the bridge of the USS "Independence" and the Ship's Mission Center of the USS "Zumwalt" have been compared to the "Enterprise"s bridge. An exacting

Context: Document [9](Title: Kir'Shara) the first Starfleet starship "Enterprise", registration NX-01. In this episode, "Enterprise" attempts to avert a war, and is caught in a crossfire between Vulcan and Andorian starships. Meanwhile. Captain Archer, Commander T'Pol, and T'Pau aim to take the Kir'Shara to the Vulcan capital, and use it to reveal Administrator V'Las' plot to the rest of the Vulcan High Command. In addition to the guest stars returning from the previous arc episodes, or the episode "", Jeffrey Combs returned as Shran. The episode was shot across seven days using mostly standing sets, with only an Andorian brig built specifically for this

Context: Document [10](Title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)) USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is a fictional starship in the fictional Star Trek universe that serves as both the main setting of the original Star Trek television series, as well as the primary transportation method for the show's characters. The Enterprise has been depicted in four network television series, six feature films, many books, and much fan-created media. The original Star Trek series (1966–1969) features a voice-over by Enterprise captain, James T. Kirk (William Shatner), which describes the mission of the Enterprise as "to explore strange new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no

Question: what was the first star trek enterprise ship?

Answer: NCC-1701


Context: Document [1](Title: The Art of War) The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. The Art of War remains the most influential strategy

Context: Document [2](Title: The Art of War) cited by KGB officers in charge of disinformation operations in Vladimir Volkoff's novel "Le Montage". "The Art of War" has been applied to many fields well outside of the military. Much of the text is about how to fight wars without actually having to do battle: It gives tips on how to outsmart one's opponent so that physical battle is not necessary. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat. "The Art of War" is mentioned as an influence in the earliest known Chinese collection of stories about

Context: Document [3](Title: The Art of War) remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare. It has a profound influence on both Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. Numerous military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong,

Context: Document [4](Title: The Art of War) to the field of education. "The Art of War" has been the subject of legal books and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy. "The Art of War" has also been applied in the world of sports. National Football League coach Bill Belichick is known to have read the book and used its lessons to gain insights in preparing for games. Australian cricket as well as Brazilian association football coaches Luiz Felipe Scolari and Carlos Alberto Parreira are known to have embraced the text. Scolari made the Brazilian World Cup squad of 2002 study the

Context: Document [5](Title: The Art of War) lists "The Art of War" as one example of a book that may be kept at a military unit's library. "The Art of War" is listed on the Marine Corps Professional Reading Program (formerly known as the Commandant's Reading List). It is recommended reading for all United States Military Intelligence personnel. According to some authors, the strategy of deception from "The Art of War" was studied and widely used by the KGB: "I will force the enemy to take our strength for weakness, and our weakness for strength, and thus will turn his strength into weakness". The book is widely

Context: Document [6](Title: The Art of War) War" and "Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War", and includes Mao's quote: "We must not belittle the saying in the book of Sun Wu Tzu, the great military expert of ancient China, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster." During the Vietnam War, some Vietcong officers extensively studied "The Art of War" and reportedly could recite entire passages from memory. General Võ Nguyên Giáp successfully implemented tactics described in "The Art of War" during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ending major French involvement in Indochina and leading to the accords which

Context: Document [7](Title: The Art of War) the state of Chu. The prominent strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the "Art of War". Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically. "The Art of War" appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely. In the early 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Sunzi's purported

Context: Document [8](Title: William S. Lind) Jr., of Ohio from 1973 through 1976 and held a similar position with Senator Gary Hart of Colorado from 1977 to 1986. He is the author of the "Maneuver Warfare Handbook" (Westview Press, 1985) and co-author, with Gary Hart, of "America Can Win: The Case for Military Reform." With Bruce Gudmundsson, Lind hosted the program "Modern War" on the now-defunct satellite television network NET. Lind has written for the "Marine Corps Gazette", "Defense and the National Interest", (D-N-I.net), and "The American Conservative". According to writer Robert Coram's book "Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed The Art of War", during lectures

Context: Document [9](Title: Lionel Giles) studied Classics at Wadham College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1899. The 1910 Giles translation of "The Art of War" succeeded British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop's 1905 and 1908 translations, and refuted large portions of Calthrop's work. In the Introduction, Giles writes: It is not merely a question of downright blunders, from which none can hope to be wholly exempt. Omissions were frequent; hard passages were willfully distorted or slurred over. Such offenses are less pardonable. They would not be tolerated in any edition of a Latin or Greek classic, and a similar standard of honesty ought to be insisted upon

Context: Document [10](Title: J. F. C. Fuller) expressive, and opinionated writer of military history and of controversial predictions of the future of war, publishing "On Future Warfare" in 1928. Seeing his teachings largely vindicated by the Second World War, he published "Machine Warfare: An Enquiry into the Influence of Mechanics on the Art of War" in 1942. Fuller is perhaps best known today for his "Nine Principles of War" which have formed the foundation of much of modern military theory since the 1930s, and which were originally derived from a convergence of Fuller's mystical and military interests. The Nine Principles went through several iterations; Fuller stated that

Question: who was the author of the art of war?

Answer: Sun Tzu


Context: Document [1](Title: The Art of War) cited by KGB officers in charge of disinformation operations in Vladimir Volkoff's novel "Le Montage". "The Art of War" has been applied to many fields well outside of the military. Much of the text is about how to fight wars without actually having to do battle: It gives tips on how to outsmart one's opponent so that physical battle is not necessary. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat. "The Art of War" is mentioned as an influence in the earliest known Chinese collection of stories about

Context: Document [2](Title: The Art of War) remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare. It has a profound influence on both Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. Numerous military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong,

Context: Document [3](Title: The Art of War) to the field of education. "The Art of War" has been the subject of legal books and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy. "The Art of War" has also been applied in the world of sports. National Football League coach Bill Belichick is known to have read the book and used its lessons to gain insights in preparing for games. Australian cricket as well as Brazilian association football coaches Luiz Felipe Scolari and Carlos Alberto Parreira are known to have embraced the text. Scolari made the Brazilian World Cup squad of 2002 study the

Context: Document [4](Title: The Art of War) lists "The Art of War" as one example of a book that may be kept at a military unit's library. "The Art of War" is listed on the Marine Corps Professional Reading Program (formerly known as the Commandant's Reading List). It is recommended reading for all United States Military Intelligence personnel. According to some authors, the strategy of deception from "The Art of War" was studied and widely used by the KGB: "I will force the enemy to take our strength for weakness, and our weakness for strength, and thus will turn his strength into weakness". The book is widely

Context: Document [5](Title: The Art of War) The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. The Art of War remains the most influential strategy

Question: who was the author of the art of war?

Answer: Sun Tzu


Context: Document [5](Title: The Art of War) War" and "Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War", and includes Mao's quote: "We must not belittle the saying in the book of Sun Wu Tzu, the great military expert of ancient China, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster." During the Vietnam War, some Vietcong officers extensively studied "The Art of War" and reportedly could recite entire passages from memory. General Võ Nguyên Giáp successfully implemented tactics described in "The Art of War" during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ending major French involvement in Indochina and leading to the accords which

Context: Document [6](Title: The Art of War) the state of Chu. The prominent strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the "Art of War". Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically. "The Art of War" appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely. In the early 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Sunzi's purported

Context: Document [7](Title: William S. Lind) Jr., of Ohio from 1973 through 1976 and held a similar position with Senator Gary Hart of Colorado from 1977 to 1986. He is the author of the "Maneuver Warfare Handbook" (Westview Press, 1985) and co-author, with Gary Hart, of "America Can Win: The Case for Military Reform." With Bruce Gudmundsson, Lind hosted the program "Modern War" on the now-defunct satellite television network NET. Lind has written for the "Marine Corps Gazette", "Defense and the National Interest", (D-N-I.net), and "The American Conservative". According to writer Robert Coram's book "Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed The Art of War", during lectures

Context: Document [8](Title: Lionel Giles) studied Classics at Wadham College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1899. The 1910 Giles translation of "The Art of War" succeeded British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop's 1905 and 1908 translations, and refuted large portions of Calthrop's work. In the Introduction, Giles writes: It is not merely a question of downright blunders, from which none can hope to be wholly exempt. Omissions were frequent; hard passages were willfully distorted or slurred over. Such offenses are less pardonable. They would not be tolerated in any edition of a Latin or Greek classic, and a similar standard of honesty ought to be insisted upon

Context: Document [9](Title: J. F. C. Fuller) expressive, and opinionated writer of military history and of controversial predictions of the future of war, publishing "On Future Warfare" in 1928. Seeing his teachings largely vindicated by the Second World War, he published "Machine Warfare: An Enquiry into the Influence of Mechanics on the Art of War" in 1942. Fuller is perhaps best known today for his "Nine Principles of War" which have formed the foundation of much of modern military theory since the 1930s, and which were originally derived from a convergence of Fuller's mystical and military interests. The Nine Principles went through several iterations; Fuller stated that

Context: Document [10](Title: The Art of War) The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. The Art of War remains the most influential strategy

Question: who was the author of the art of war?

Answer: Sun Tzu


Context: Document [1](Title: NFL on Thanksgiving Day) In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). This is only partly true; Dallas had in fact decided to host games on Thanksgiving by their own decision because there was nothing else to do or watch on that day. In 1975 and 1977, at the behest of then-Commissioner Pete Rozelle, the St. Louis Cardinals replaced Dallas as a host team (Dallas then hosted St. Louis in 1976). Although the Cardinals, at the time known as the "Cardiac Cards" due to their propensity for winning very close games, were a modest success at the time, they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys, who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era. This, combined with St. Louis's consistently weak attendance, a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three-game stretch, and opposition from the Kirkwood–Webster Groves Turkey Day Game (a local high school football contest) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978; it was then, after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games, that the Cowboys requested (and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever.

Context: Document [2](Title: 2016 Dallas Cowboys season) time. Thanksgiving Day game In the traditional Thanksgiving game, the Cowboys hosted the Washington Redskins, who had just came off a victory against the Green Bay Packers. In a game of catch-up, the Redskins never led; however, they made a valiant effort in the fourth quarter to take the lead. The Cowboys held them off and won the game, thus extending their winning streak to ten games for the first time in franchise history. The Cowboys traveled to Minnesota to take on the struggling Vikings following their loss against the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving. In a rather tightly contested game

Context: Document [3](Title: Dallas Cowboys) their regular blue jerseys for their Thanksgiving game, something they have not done at home since Schramm started the white-jersey-at-home tradition. With the Cowboys traditionally hosting Thanksgiving Day games, separate practice uniforms have been used for these games in recent years. Through the 2000 season, the Cowboys continued the usual practice of wearing white at home. In 2001, the Cowboys wore blue at home for the first time in years with was an older design of the blue jersey. Dallas would lose the game, but again wore the older blue jersey at home on Thanksgiving the next year and won.

Context: Document [4](Title: 2010 Dallas Cowboys season) in their annual Thanksgiving Day game. The Cowboys trailed early with RB Chris Ivory getting a 3-yard TD run, followed by kicker Garrett Hartley getting a 50-yard field goal, and then by Ivory making a 6-yard TD run. The Cowboys cut the lead as kicker David Buehler got a 21-yard field goal, but the Saints replied as Hartley nailed a 45-yard field goal. The Cowboys tried to come back as Buehler hit a 53-yard field goal, followed by Miles Austin getting a 60-yard TD run. The Cowboys trailed further with Hartley making a 28-yard field goal, but took the lead

Context: Document [5](Title: NFL on Thanksgiving Day) time since 1963. In 2015, the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white "Double-Star" jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league's "Color Rush", a trial run of specially-designed, monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games. It has remained a tradition for Dallas and Detroit to host the afternoon games dating back several decades. However, in recent years, other teams have expressed interest in hosting Thanksgiving games. Lamar Hunt, the former owner of the Chiefs (who had hosted Thanksgiving games from 1967–69 as an AFL team prior to the merger), lobbied heavily in favor of

Context: Document [6](Title: National Football League on television) Network package that season, with the exception of , when the Cowboys played the Green Bay Packers on week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The Cowboys and Detroit Lions were ineligible for appearing on the NFL Network, due to hosting Thanksgiving games every year. However, the Cowboys played a Thursday night game at the Chicago Bears in 2014, one week after both teams played on Thanksgiving, while the Lions hosted a Thursday night game against the Packers in 2015, one week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The "one Thursday game per team" rule does not include the Kickoff Game, so

Context: Document [7](Title: 2006 Dallas Cowboys season) Romo botched the hold on a go-ahead field goal inside the final two minutes. When Romo started the Thanksgiving Day game against Tampa Bay, it marked the 7th different starting Cowboys quarterback in the last 7 Thanksgiving Day games (Troy Aikman, Ryan Leaf, Chad Hutchison, Quincy Carter, Drew Henson, Drew Bledsoe and Romo). This was Bill Parcells' final season as a head coach as he would go on to retire following the end of the season. During the 2006 offseason, the team signed several high-profile players, including kicker Mike Vanderjagt, linebacker Akin Ayodele, offensive linemen Jason Fabini and Kyle Kosier,

Context: Document [8](Title: Dallas Cowboys) Cowboys resurrected their original 1960–1963 uniform on Thanksgiving Day. This uniform became the team's alternate or "third jersey" and was usually worn at least once a year, primarily Thanksgiving Day. Two exceptions were when the Cowboys wore their normal white uniforms on Thanksgiving in 2007 and 2008. While the team didn't wear the throwback uniform exactly on Thanksgiving Day in those two years, Dallas wore them on a date around Thanksgiving for those two years. In 2007 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November 29, 2007 against the Green Bay Packers. In 2008 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November

Context: Document [9](Title: Dallas Cowboys) With the 2002 victory, it seems an exception to the theory of the blue jersey jinx is invoked on Thanksgiving. Thus, the Cowboys continued wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving from 2003–2006, however it was always an older-styled alternate blue jersey. In 2007 and 2008, the Cowboys returned to wearing white at home for their Thanksgiving game. Since 2009, the Cowboys returned to wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving only. (From 2009–2012, the team again decided to go with an older-styled blue uniform as they had in previous years on Thanksgiving, and since 2013 have worn the newer-styled blue jersey.)

Context: Document [10](Title: Dallas Cowboys) home for Thanksgiving, which has since become an annual tradition. In 2017, the team initially announced that they will wear blue jerseys at home on a more regular basis, only to rescind soon after. In 2015, the Cowboys released their Color Rush uniform, featuring a variation of the 1990s "Double Star" alternates with white pants and socks. The uniform was first used in a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers and in subsequent "Thursday Night Football" games during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The Cowboys also unveiled a navy uniform-white pants combination which was first used on December 10, 2017

Question: when did the cowboys start playing on thanksgiving day?

Answer: In 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1978


Context: Document [1](Title: 2016 Dallas Cowboys season) time. Thanksgiving Day game In the traditional Thanksgiving game, the Cowboys hosted the Washington Redskins, who had just came off a victory against the Green Bay Packers. In a game of catch-up, the Redskins never led; however, they made a valiant effort in the fourth quarter to take the lead. The Cowboys held them off and won the game, thus extending their winning streak to ten games for the first time in franchise history. The Cowboys traveled to Minnesota to take on the struggling Vikings following their loss against the Detroit Lions on Thanksgiving. In a rather tightly contested game

Context: Document [2](Title: Dallas Cowboys) their regular blue jerseys for their Thanksgiving game, something they have not done at home since Schramm started the white-jersey-at-home tradition. With the Cowboys traditionally hosting Thanksgiving Day games, separate practice uniforms have been used for these games in recent years. Through the 2000 season, the Cowboys continued the usual practice of wearing white at home. In 2001, the Cowboys wore blue at home for the first time in years with was an older design of the blue jersey. Dallas would lose the game, but again wore the older blue jersey at home on Thanksgiving the next year and won.

Context: Document [3](Title: 2010 Dallas Cowboys season) in their annual Thanksgiving Day game. The Cowboys trailed early with RB Chris Ivory getting a 3-yard TD run, followed by kicker Garrett Hartley getting a 50-yard field goal, and then by Ivory making a 6-yard TD run. The Cowboys cut the lead as kicker David Buehler got a 21-yard field goal, but the Saints replied as Hartley nailed a 45-yard field goal. The Cowboys tried to come back as Buehler hit a 53-yard field goal, followed by Miles Austin getting a 60-yard TD run. The Cowboys trailed further with Hartley making a 28-yard field goal, but took the lead

Context: Document [4](Title: NFL on Thanksgiving Day) time since 1963. In 2015, the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white "Double-Star" jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league's "Color Rush", a trial run of specially-designed, monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games. It has remained a tradition for Dallas and Detroit to host the afternoon games dating back several decades. However, in recent years, other teams have expressed interest in hosting Thanksgiving games. Lamar Hunt, the former owner of the Chiefs (who had hosted Thanksgiving games from 1967–69 as an AFL team prior to the merger), lobbied heavily in favor of

Context: Document [5](Title: NFL on Thanksgiving Day) In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). This is only partly true; Dallas had in fact decided to host games on Thanksgiving by their own decision because there was nothing else to do or watch on that day. In 1975 and 1977, at the behest of then-Commissioner Pete Rozelle, the St. Louis Cardinals replaced Dallas as a host team (Dallas then hosted St. Louis in 1976). Although the Cardinals, at the time known as the "Cardiac Cards" due to their propensity for winning very close games, were a modest success at the time, they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys, who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era. This, combined with St. Louis's consistently weak attendance, a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three-game stretch, and opposition from the Kirkwood–Webster Groves Turkey Day Game (a local high school football contest) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978; it was then, after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games, that the Cowboys requested (and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever.

Question: when did the cowboys start playing on thanksgiving day?

Answer: In 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1978


Context: Document [5](Title: National Football League on television) Network package that season, with the exception of , when the Cowboys played the Green Bay Packers on week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The Cowboys and Detroit Lions were ineligible for appearing on the NFL Network, due to hosting Thanksgiving games every year. However, the Cowboys played a Thursday night game at the Chicago Bears in 2014, one week after both teams played on Thanksgiving, while the Lions hosted a Thursday night game against the Packers in 2015, one week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The "one Thursday game per team" rule does not include the Kickoff Game, so

Context: Document [6](Title: 2006 Dallas Cowboys season) Romo botched the hold on a go-ahead field goal inside the final two minutes. When Romo started the Thanksgiving Day game against Tampa Bay, it marked the 7th different starting Cowboys quarterback in the last 7 Thanksgiving Day games (Troy Aikman, Ryan Leaf, Chad Hutchison, Quincy Carter, Drew Henson, Drew Bledsoe and Romo). This was Bill Parcells' final season as a head coach as he would go on to retire following the end of the season. During the 2006 offseason, the team signed several high-profile players, including kicker Mike Vanderjagt, linebacker Akin Ayodele, offensive linemen Jason Fabini and Kyle Kosier,

Context: Document [7](Title: Dallas Cowboys) Cowboys resurrected their original 1960–1963 uniform on Thanksgiving Day. This uniform became the team's alternate or "third jersey" and was usually worn at least once a year, primarily Thanksgiving Day. Two exceptions were when the Cowboys wore their normal white uniforms on Thanksgiving in 2007 and 2008. While the team didn't wear the throwback uniform exactly on Thanksgiving Day in those two years, Dallas wore them on a date around Thanksgiving for those two years. In 2007 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November 29, 2007 against the Green Bay Packers. In 2008 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November

Context: Document [8](Title: Dallas Cowboys) With the 2002 victory, it seems an exception to the theory of the blue jersey jinx is invoked on Thanksgiving. Thus, the Cowboys continued wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving from 2003–2006, however it was always an older-styled alternate blue jersey. In 2007 and 2008, the Cowboys returned to wearing white at home for their Thanksgiving game. Since 2009, the Cowboys returned to wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving only. (From 2009–2012, the team again decided to go with an older-styled blue uniform as they had in previous years on Thanksgiving, and since 2013 have worn the newer-styled blue jersey.)

Context: Document [9](Title: Dallas Cowboys) home for Thanksgiving, which has since become an annual tradition. In 2017, the team initially announced that they will wear blue jerseys at home on a more regular basis, only to rescind soon after. In 2015, the Cowboys released their Color Rush uniform, featuring a variation of the 1990s "Double Star" alternates with white pants and socks. The uniform was first used in a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers and in subsequent "Thursday Night Football" games during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The Cowboys also unveiled a navy uniform-white pants combination which was first used on December 10, 2017

Context: Document [10](Title: NFL on Thanksgiving Day) In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). This is only partly true; Dallas had in fact decided to host games on Thanksgiving by their own decision because there was nothing else to do or watch on that day. In 1975 and 1977, at the behest of then-Commissioner Pete Rozelle, the St. Louis Cardinals replaced Dallas as a host team (Dallas then hosted St. Louis in 1976). Although the Cardinals, at the time known as the "Cardiac Cards" due to their propensity for winning very close games, were a modest success at the time, they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys, who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era. This, combined with St. Louis's consistently weak attendance, a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three-game stretch, and opposition from the Kirkwood–Webster Groves Turkey Day Game (a local high school football contest) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978; it was then, after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games, that the Cowboys requested (and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever.

Question: when did the cowboys start playing on thanksgiving day?

Answer: In 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1978


Context: Document [1](Title: The Grapes of Wrath) Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California. Along with thousands of other "Okies", they seek jobs, land, dignity, and a future.

Context: Document [2](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (play)) The Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for 188 performances. The cast included Gary Sinise, Kathryn Erbe, Terry

Context: Document [3](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (opera)) The Grapes of Wrath (opera) The Grapes of Wrath is an opera in three acts composed by Ricky Ian Gordon to a libretto by Michael Korie based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. It premiered on February 10, 2007 at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota in a production by Minnesota Opera. The work has been revised in subsequent years and has also been performed as a two-act concert version. Originally commissioned by the Minnesota Opera and co-produced with Utah Symphony – Utah Opera, the Minnesota Opera production had its premiere February

Context: Document [4](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (play)) Kinney, Jeff Perry, Lois Smith, Francis Guinan, and Stephen Bogardus. The Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for

Context: Document [5](Title: Operation Grapes of Wrath) the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on.</poem> The irony (and potential controversy) of an Israeli military operation being named after a Christian religious doctrine was not entirely lost on the Israeli press. However, most commentators either believed the title was a reference from the Torah or that the phrase merely referred to John Steinbeck's novel of the same name, "The Grapes of Wrath". Operation Grapes of Wrath Operation "Grapes of Wrath" () is the Israeli Defense Forces code-name (referred to as April War by Hezbollah)

Context: Document [6](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (film)) break-up of the Joad family, the film switches the order of sequences so that the family ends up in a "good" camp provided by the government, and events turn out relatively well. The novel's original ending was considered far too controversial to be included in the film. In the novel, Rose-of-Sharon ("Rosasharn") Rivers (played in the film by Dorris Bowdon) gives birth to a stillborn baby. Later she offers her milk-filled breasts to a starving man, dying in a barn. These scenes were not included in the film. While the film is somewhat stark, it has a more optimistic and

Context: Document [7](Title: Operation Grapes of Wrath) Committee for the Implementation of the "Grapes of Wrath" Understandings was set up, comprising representatives from the U.S., France, Syria, Israel and Lebanon. The committee convenes to monitor and discuss infringements of the understandings by the two sides. The phrase "grapes of wrath" is a reference from the Book of Revelation (chapter 14 verses 19 and 20). It was a well-known idea in 19th century American Christian eschatology and also appears in the abolitionist hymn The Battle Hymn of the Republic: <poem>Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: He is trampling out the vintage where

Context: Document [8](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (film)) whereas the novel focuses on their journey as a part of the "family of man". She points out that their farm is never shown in detail, and that the family members are never shown working in agriculture; not a single peach is shown in the entire film. This subtly serves to focus the film on the specific family, as opposed to the novel's focus on man and land together. In the film, most family members are either reduced, such as Al, Noah and Uncle John, to background characters or, like Rose of Sharon and Connie, to being the focus of

Context: Document [9](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (opera)) 10, 2007, at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota conducted by Grant Gershon. The world premiere broadcast was heard on Minnesota Public Radio on September 19, 2007. Utah Symphony – Utah Opera subsequently performed the work (in a modified version) on May 12–20, 2007, at the Capitol Theatre in Salt Lake City. A revised version of the opera was performed by Pittsburgh Opera in November, 2008. Its collegiate premiere was performed at the Moores School of Music of the University of Houston in April, 2009. A greatly revised concert version of the opera (in two

Context: Document [10](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (film)) of Daryl F. Zanuck, outtakes, a gallery, Franklin D. Roosevelt lauds motion pictures at Academy featurette, Movietone news: three drought reports from 1934, etc. The film was released on Blu-ray on April 3, 2012, and features all supplemental material from the DVD release. The Grapes of Wrath (film) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It was based on John Steinbeck's 1939 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Nunnally Johnson and the executive producer was Darryl F. Zanuck. The film tells the story of the Joads, an

Question: where does the grapes of wrath take place?

Answer: Oklahoma

Answer: California


Context: Document [1](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (play)) The Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for 188 performances. The cast included Gary Sinise, Kathryn Erbe, Terry

Context: Document [2](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (opera)) The Grapes of Wrath (opera) The Grapes of Wrath is an opera in three acts composed by Ricky Ian Gordon to a libretto by Michael Korie based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. It premiered on February 10, 2007 at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota in a production by Minnesota Opera. The work has been revised in subsequent years and has also been performed as a two-act concert version. Originally commissioned by the Minnesota Opera and co-produced with Utah Symphony – Utah Opera, the Minnesota Opera production had its premiere February

Context: Document [3](Title: The Grapes of Wrath (play)) Kinney, Jeff Perry, Lois Smith, Francis Guinan, and Stephen Bogardus. The Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for

Context: Document [4](Title: Operation Grapes of Wrath) the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on.</poem> The irony (and potential controversy) of an Israeli military operation being named after a Christian religious doctrine was not entirely lost on the Israeli press. However, most commentators either believed the title was a reference from the Torah or that the phrase merely referred to John Steinbeck's novel of the same name, "The Grapes of Wrath". Operation Grapes of Wrath Operation "Grapes of Wrath" () is the Israeli Defense Forces code-name (referred to as April War by Hezbollah)

Context: Document [5](Title: The Grapes of Wrath) Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California. Along with thousands of other "Okies", they seek jobs, land, dignity, and a future.

Question: where does the grapes of wrath take place?

Answer: Oklahoma

Answer: California