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[ "\"Everybody Talks\" is the lead single from American rock band Neon Trees' second studio album \"Picture Show\".", "It was released on December 20, 2011 in the United States as a digital download on iTunes.", "It soon became a sleeper hit.", "The song made it to #6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making this song their highest charting single to date, as well as their first top 10 hit.", "The song was mixed and engineered by Billy Bush and mastered by Joe LaPorta.", "As of October 2012, the song has sold over 2 million digital downloads.", "It also hit #7 on the Alternative Songs chart, their 1st Top 10 hit after Animal, it also hit #1 on the Adult Pop Songs, their 1st song to do so.", "\"Everybody Talks\" was inspired by early 1960s pop music; Tyler Glenn said that \"We fell in love with a lot of like Roy Orbison and the Motown music that my dad listens to.\"" ]

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[ "Racquetballs are manufactured in a variety of colors such as blue, green, purple, black, red, and pink, and some are for specific purposes (e.g., outdoor play and indoor play), but the differences are unlikely to make much difference for recreational play.", "Beginners are recommended to use a blue ball by Penn, Ektelon, or Wilson.", "The blue ball is the most commonly used and it is the most neutral ball for average speed and accuracy of contact.", "Green balls are similar to blue balls.", "In the USA the main choices of ball are blue and green for tournament play.", "In some cases the International Pro Racquetball Tour (IRT) will use a purple Penn HD ball as the official ball.", "A black ball is often used in tournaments for senior players because the ball is designed to be slower moving and allows for longer rallies.", "The red ball is the fastest in production and they are known as Red Ektelon Fireballs.", "This ball is heavier and allows for a quicker pace.", "The pink ball tends to be the favorite of most recreational players and even some pro level players.", "This pink ball allows for the highest level of visibility due to the bright pink color.", "Also, the speed and durability of the ball is very close to that of the blue and green.", "Finally, the pink ball was created to support breast cancer research and the manufacturers of the ball Wilson, donate $1.00 to the breast cancer awareness association every time a package is sold.", "Balls do break occasionally, and will lose their bounce over time even without breaking.", "To keep balls around for a long time it is best to keep them in a room temperature setting and keep them out of extreme cold or heat because this will cause the balls to become less effective and lose their bounce." ]

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[ "When Armstrong again looked outside, he saw that the computer's landing target was in a boulder-strewn area just north and east of a diameter crater (later determined to be \"West crater,\" named for its location in the western part of the originally planned landing ellipse).", "Armstrong took semi-automatic control and, with Aldrin calling out altitude and velocity data, landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20 with about 25 seconds of fuel left.", "Apollo 11 landed with less fuel than other missions, and the astronauts encountered a premature low fuel warning.", "This was later found to be the result of greater propellant 'slosh' than expected, uncovering a fuel sensor.", "On subsequent missions, extra anti-slosh baffles were added to the tanks to prevent this.", "Throughout the descent Aldrin had called out navigation data to Armstrong, who was busy piloting the LM.", "A few moments before the landing, a light informed Aldrin that at least one of the probes hanging from \"Eagle\"'s footpads had touched the surface, and he said \"Contact light!\"", "Three seconds later, \"Eagle\" landed and Armstrong said \"Shutdown.\"", "Aldrin immediately said \"Okay, engine stop.", "ACA - out of detent.\"", "Armstrong acknowledged \"Out of detent.", "Auto\" and Aldrin continued \"Mode control - both auto.", "Descent engine command override off.", "Engine arm - off.", "413 is in.", "\"Charles Duke, acting as CAPCOM during the landing phase, acknowledged their landing by saying \"We copy you down, Eagle.", "\"Armstrong acknowledged Aldrin's completion of the post landing checklist with \"Engine arm is off,\" before responding to Duke with the words, \"Houston, Tranquility Base here.", "The \"Eagle\" has landed.\"", "Armstrong's unrehearsed change of call sign from \"Eagle\" to \"Tranquility Base\" emphasized to listeners that landing was complete and successful.", "Duke mispronounced his reply as he expressed the relief at Mission Control: \"Roger, Twan-- Tranquility, we copy you on the ground.", "You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue.", "We're breathing again.", "Thanks a lot.", "\"Two and a half hours after landing, before preparations began for the EVA, Aldrin broadcast that:The schedule for the mission called for the astronauts to follow the landing with a five-hour sleep period, since they had been awake since early morning.", "However, they elected to forgo the sleep period and begin the preparations for the EVA early, thinking that they would be unable to sleep." ]

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[ "Rendang originates from the Sumatran Minangkabau region.", "One of the earliest written records of rendang is from the early 16th century Hikayat Amir Hamzah.", "The making of rendang spreads from Minangkabau region to Mandailing, Riau, Jambi, across the strait to Malacca and Negeri Sembilan, resulting in a variety of rendang traditions.", "The popularity of rendang has spread widely from its original domain because of the \"merantau\" (migrating) culture of Minangkabau people.", "Overseas Minangkabau leave their hometown to start a career in other Indonesian cities as well as neighboring countries, and Padang restaurants, Minangkabau eating establishments that are ubiquitous in Indonesian cities, spring up.", "These Padang restaurants have introduced and popularized rendang and other Padang food dishes across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the wider world.", "Andalas University historian, Prof. Gusti Asnan suggests that rendang began to spread across the region when Minangkabau merchants and migrant workers began to trade and migrate to Malacca in the 16th century.", "“Because the journey through the river waterways in Sumatra took much time, a durable preserved dry rendang is suitable for long journey.” The dried Padang rendang is a durable food, good to consume for weeks, even when left at room temperature." ]

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[ "Human physiology seeks to understand the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning, through scientific enquiry into the nature of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed.", "The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems.", "The endocrine and nervous systems play major roles in the reception and transmission of signals that integrate function in animals.", "Homeostasis is a major aspect with regard to such interactions within plants as well as animals.", "The biological basis of the study of physiology, integration refers to the overlap of many functions of the systems of the human body, as well as its accompanied form.", "It is achieved through communication that occurs in a variety of ways, both electrical and chemical.", "Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation.", "Physiology is the study of function and is closely related to anatomy which is the study of form.", "Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum." ]

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[ "The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was \"Still Life with Geraniums\" (1910), exhibited in the Pinakothek der Moderne.", "His \"The Plum Blossoms\" (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005, for the Museum of Modern Art by Henry Kravis and the new president of the museum, Marie-Josée Drouin.", "Estimated price was US$25 million.", "Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970.", "In 2002, a Matisse sculpture, \"Reclining Nude I (Dawn),\" sold for US$9.2 million, a record for a sculpture by the artist.", "Matisse's daughter Marguerite often aided Matisse scholars with insights about his working methods and his works.", "She died in 1982 while compiling a catalogue of her father's work.", "Matisse's son, Pierre Matisse, (1900–1989) opened a modern art gallery in New York City during the 1930s.", "The Pierre Matisse Gallery which was active from 1931 until 1989 represented and exhibited many European artists and a few Americans and Canadians in New York often for the first time.", "He exhibited Joan Miró, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Dubuffet, André Derain, Yves Tanguy, Le Corbusier, Paul Delvaux, Wifredo Lam, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Balthus, Leonora Carrington, Zao Wou Ki, Sam Francis, sculptors Theodore Roszak, Raymond Mason and Reg Butler, and several other important artists, including the work of Henri Matisse.", "Henri Matisse's grandson, Paul Matisse, is an artist and inventor living in Massachusetts.", "Matisse's great-granddaughter Sophie Matisse is active as an artist.", "Les Heritiers Matisse functions as his official Estate.", "The US copyright representative for Les Heritiers Matisse is the Artists Rights Society." ]

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[ "Pho originated in the early 20th century in northern Vietnam, apparently southeast of Hanoi in Nam Định Province, then a substantial textile market.", "The traditional home of pho is reputed to be the villages of and (or ) in Đông Xuân commune, Nam Trực District, Nam Định Province.", "According to villagers, pho was eaten in long before the French colonial period when it was popularized.", "Pho was originally sold at dawn and dusk by roaming street vendors, who shouldered mobile kitchens on carrying poles (').", "From the pole hung two wooden cabinets, one housing a cauldron over a wood fire, the other storing noodles, spices, cookware, and space to prepare a bowl of pho.", "Pho vendors kept their heads warm with distinctive, disheveled felt hats called '.", "Hanoi's first two fixed pho stands were a Vietnamese-owned Cát Tường on Cầu Gỗ Street and a Chinese-owned stand in front of Bờ Hồ tram stop.", "They were joined in 1918 by two more on Quạt Row and Đồng Row.", "Around 1925, a Vân Cù villager named Vạn opened the first \"Nam Định style\" pho stand in Hanoi. \"\"", "declined in number around 1936–1946 in favor of stationary eateries." ]

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[ "On January 25, 2011, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that \"Toy Story 3\" was not only nominated for Best Animated Feature, but also for Best Picture.", "This makes \"Toy Story 3\" not only the first animated sequel in history to be nominated for Best Picture, but also the third animated film to be nominated for Best Picture (following \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Up\"), with \"Toy Story 3\" becoming the second Pixar film to be nominated for both awards.", "\"Toy Story 3\" also became the first ever Pixar film - and the first animated feature film since \"Shrek\" - to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, though six of Pixar's previous films were nominated for the Best Original Screenplay: \"Toy Story\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Ratatouille\", \"WALL-E\", and \"Up\".", "In 2011, it was nominated for a Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie, but lost to \"Despicable Me\"." ]

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[ "The 200-member unicameral Parliament of Finland exercises supreme legislative authority.", "It may alter the constitution and ordinary laws, dismiss the cabinet, and override presidential vetoes.", "Its acts are not subject to judicial review; the constitutionality of new laws is assessed by the parliament's constitutional law committee.", "The parliament is elected for a term of four years using the proportional D'Hondt method within a number of multi-seat constituencies through open list multi-member districts.", "Various parliament committees listen to experts and prepare legislation.", "The speaker is currently Eero Heinäluoma (Social Democrats).", "Since universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, the parliament has been dominated by the Centre Party (former Agrarian Union), the National Coalition Party (conservatives), and the Social Democrats.", "These parties have enjoyed approximately equal support, and their combined vote has totalled about 65–80% of all votes.", "Their lowest common total of MPs, 121, was reached in the 2011 elections.", "For a few decades after 1944, the Communists were a strong fourth party.", "Due to the electoral system of proportional representation, and the relative reluctance of voters to switch their support between parties, the relative strengths of the parties have commonly varied only slightly from one election to another.", "However, there have been some long-term trends, such as the rise and fall of the Communists during the Cold War; the steady decline into insignificance of the Liberal party and its predecessors from 1906 to about 1980; and the rise of the Green party and its predecessor since 1983.", "In the 2011 elections, the True Finns achieved exceptional success, increasing its representation from 5 to 39 seats, and thus surpassing the Centre Party.", "The autonomous province of Åland, which forms a federacy with Finland, elects one member to the parliament, who traditionally joins the parliamentary group of the Swedish People's Party of Finland.", "(The province also holds elections for its own permanent regional council, and in the 2011 elections, Åland Centre was the largest party.", ")The Parliament can be dissolved by a recommendation of the Prime minister endorsed by the President.", "This procedure has never been used, although the parliament was dissolved several times under the pre-2000 constitution, when this action was the sole prerogative of the president.", "After the parliamentary elections on 17 April 2011, the seats were divided among eight parties as follows:" ]

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[ "The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and cave art pieces, most prominent in North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumbria, but also feature further south, for example at Creswell Crags.", "With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, various forms of art utilising statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm.", "There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at Lullingstone and Aldborough.", "During the Early Middle Ages the style favoured sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the Staffordshire Hoard discovered in 2009.", "Some of these blended Gaelic and Anglian styles, such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and Vespasian Psalter.", "Later Gothic art was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as Benedictional of St. Æthelwold and Luttrell Psalter.", "The Tudor era saw prominent artists as part of their court, portrait painting which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German Hans Holbein, natives such as Nicholas Hilliard built on this.", "Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include—Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller and William Dobson.", "The 18th century was a time of significance with the founding of the Royal Academy, a classicism based on the High Renaissance prevailed—Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds became two of England's most treasured artists.", "The Norwich School continued the landscape tradition, while the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood with their vivid and detailed style revived the Early Renaissance style—Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais were leaders.", "Prominent amongst 20th-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general.", "Contemporary painters include Lucian Freud, whose work \"Benefits Supervisor Sleeping\" in 2008 set a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist." ]

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[ "Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1499.", "The republic was changing after the fall of anti-Renaissance Priest and leader of Florence, Girolamo Savonarola, (executed in 1498) and the rise of the \"gonfaloniere\" Piero Soderini.", "He was asked by the consuls of the Guild of Wool to complete an unfinished project begun 40 years earlier by Agostino di Duccio: a colossal statue of Carrara marble portraying David as a symbol of Florentine freedom, to be placed on the gable of Florence Cathedral.", "Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, the Statue of David, in 1504.", "The masterwork definitively established his prominence as a sculptor of extraordinary technical skill and strength of symbolic imagination.", "A team of consultants, including Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, was called together to decide upon its placement, ultimately the Piazza della Signoria, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio.", "It now stands in the Academia while a replica occupies its place in the square.", "With the completion of the David came another commission.", "In early 1504 Leonardo da Vinci had been commissioned in the council chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio depicting the \"Battle of Angiari\" between the forces of Florence and Milan in 1434.", "Michelangelo was then commissioned to paint the \"Battle of Cascina\".", "The two paintings are very different, Leonardo's depicting soldiers fighting on horseback, and Michelangelo's showing soldiers being ambushed as they bathe in the river.", "Neither work was completed and both were lost when the chamber was refurbished.", "Both works were much admired and copies remain of them, Leonardo's work having been copied by Rubens and Michelangelo's by Bastiano da Sangallo.", "Also during this period, Michelangelo was commissioned by Angelo Doni to paint a \"Holy Family\" as a present for his wife, Maddalena Strozzi.", "It is known as the \"Doni Tondo\" and hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in its original magnificent frame which Michelangelo may have designed.", "He also may have painted the Madonna and Child with John the Baptist, known as the \"Manchester Madonna\" and now in the National Gallery, London, United Kingdom." ]

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[ "The Beatles started recording \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" at EMI Studios in Studio 2 on 17 October 1963.", "This song, along with the single's flip side, \"This Boy\", was the first Beatles song to be recorded with four-track technology.", "The two songs were recorded on the same day, and each needed seventeen takes to complete.", "Also, the Beatles were experimenting with organ-sounding guitars, which was achieved by extreme compression on John Lennon's rhythm guitar.", "Mono and stereo mixing was done by George Martin on 21 October 1963; further stereo mixes were done on 8 June 1965, for compilations released by EMI affiliates in Australia and the Netherlands, and on 7 November 1966.", "\"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" was one of two Beatles songs (along with \"She Loves You\" as \"\"Sie liebt dich\"\") to be later recorded in German, entitled \"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\".", "Both songs were translated by Luxembourger musician Camillo Felgen, under the pseudonym of \"Jean Nicolas\".", "Odeon, the German arm of EMI (the parent company of the Beatles' record label, Parlophone) was convinced that the Beatles' records would not sell in Germany unless they were sung in German.", "The Beatles detested the idea, and when they were due to record the German version on 27 January 1964 at EMI's Pathe Marconi Studios in Paris (where the Beatles were performing 18 days of concerts at the Olympia Theatre) they chose to boycott the session.", "Their record producer, George Martin, having waited some hours for them to show up, was outraged and insisted that they give it a try.", "Two days later, the Beatles recorded \"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\", one of the few times in their career that they recorded outside of London.", "However, Martin later conceded: \"They were right, actually, it wasn’t necessary for them to record in German, but they weren’t graceless, they did a good job\".", "\"Komm, gib mir deine Hand\" appeared in full stereo in the United States on the Capitol LP \"Something New\" and years later on the Capitol CD compilation called \"The Capitol Albums, Volume 1\".", "The German-language track was a big hit in Germany at the time, but today, like all the other German-lyrics versions of English-language pop songs that were popular in that country during the 1950s and 1960s, it is generally considered as a cultural curiosity from a by-gone era at best.", "The English versions are much better known in Germany today; the Beatles' Red and Blue albums of the 1970s already featured the English hits on the German pressings." ]

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[ "More than 99 percent of the population speaks Japanese as their first language.", "Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker and listener.", "Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.", "Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), also part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.", "Few children learn these languages, but in recent years the local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages.", "The Okinawan Japanese dialect is also spoken in the region.", "The Ainu language, which has no proven relationship to Japanese or any other language, is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaido.", "Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English." ]

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[ "Fun signed to Fueled by Ramen in late 2010.", "Lead vocalist Nate Ruess, who had apprehensions about joining a major label in the past, recalled the switch being \"very, very easy\" for the group, stating that both parties approached it as if they \"knew what were getting into with each other.\"", "The transition was in the works with the label for almost nine months, when the head of the label reached out to the band.", "Ruess was flattered that employed workers for the label would buy their own tickets to Fun.", "shows and \"talk about us with the passion you'd generally reserve for an artist you're working with.\"", "After lengthy discussions within the band, the band decided to give the label a try.", "Ruess recalls that he was listening to \"so much hip-hop\" during the production that it became a big influence for him.", "The band felt inspired and gradually began working on new songs, each carrying an obvious hip-hop influence.", "Consciously, the band began working in the hip-hop factor and realized they wanted a hip-hop producer.", "After scanning the liner notes of his other hip-hop records, Ruess noticed that Jeff Bhasker was one of the most common names.", "Bhasker was preoccupied at the time working with Beyoncé but Ruess was persistent in meeting with him." ]

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[ "The Kid with a Bike () is a 2011 drama film written and directed by the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, starring Thomas Doret and Cécile de France.", "Set in Seraing, it tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who turns to a woman for comfort after his father has abandoned him.", "The film was produced through companies in Belgium, France and Italy.", "While it does not deviate from the naturalistic style of the Dardenne brothers' earlier works, a brighter aesthetic than usual was employed, and the screenplay had a structure inspired by fairy tales.", "Unusually for a film by the directors, it also uses music.", "It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was co-winner of the festival's Grand Prix." ]

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[ "Stone Mountain is a pluton, a type of igneous intrusion.", "Primarily composed of quartz monzonite, the dome of Stone Mountain was formed during the formation of the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "It formed as a result of the upwelling of magma from within the Earth's crust.", "This magma solidified to form granite within the crust five to ten miles below the surface.", "Stone Mountain pluton continues underground at its longest point into Gwinnett County.", "Numerous reference books and Georgia literature have dubbed Stone Mountain as “the largest exposed piece of granite in the world\".", "This misnomer is most likely a result of advertisement by granite companies and early park administration.", "Stone Mountain, though often called a pink granite dome, actually ranges in composition from quartz monzonite to granite and granodiorite.", "The minerals within the rock include quartz, plagioclase feldspar, microcline and muscovite, with smaller amounts of biotite and tourmaline.", "The tourmaline is mostly black in color, and the majority of it exists as optically continuous skeletal crystals, but much larger, euhedral pegmatitic tourmaline crystals can also be found in the mountain's numerous, cross-cutting felsic dikes.", "Embedded in the granite are xenoliths or pieces of foreign rocks entrained in the magma.", "The granite intruded into the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont region during the last stages of the Alleghenian Orogeny, which was the time when North America and North Africa collided.", "Over time, erosion eventually exposed the present mountain of more resistant igneous rock.", "This intrusion of granite also gave rise to Panola Mountain in DeKalb County, smaller outcroppings further east of Stone Mountain." ]

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[ "The three Slavic allies (Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro) had laid out extensive plans to coordinate their war efforts, in continuation of their secret prewar settlements and under close Russian supervision (Greece was not included).", "Serbia and Montenegro would attack in the theater of Sandjak, Bulgarian and Serbia in Macedonia and Thrace.", "The Ottoman Empire's situation was difficult.", "Its population of about 26 million people provided a massive pool of manpower, but 3/4 of the population and nearly all of the Muslim component lived in the Asian part of the Empire.", "Reinforcements had to come from Asia mainly by sea, which depended on the result of battles between the Turkish and Greek navies in the Aegean.", "With the outbreak of the war, the Ottoman Empire activated three Army HQs: the Thracian HQ in Constantinople, the Western HQ in Salonika, and the Vardar HQ in Skopje, against the Bulgarians, the Greeks and the Serbians respectively.", "Most of their available forces were allocated to these fronts.", "Smaller independent units were allocated elsewhere, mostly around heavily fortified cities.", "Montenegro was the first that declared war on 8 October (25 September O.S.", "Its main thrust was towards Shkodra, with secondary operations in the Novi Pazar area.", "The rest of the Allies, after giving a common ultimatum, declared war a week later.", "Bulgaria attacked towards Eastern Thrace, being stopped only at the outskirts of Constantinople at the Çatalca line and the isthmus of the Gallipoli peninsula, while secondary forces captured Western Thrace and Eastern Macedonia.", "Serbia attacked south towards Skopje and Monastir and then turned west to present-day Albania, reaching the Adriatic, while a second Army captured Kosovo and linked with the Montenegrin forces.", "Greece's main forces attacked from Thessaly into Macedonia through the Sarantaporo strait and after capturing Thessaloniki on 12 November (on 26 October 1912, O.S.)", "expanded its occupied area and linked up with the Serbian army to the northwest, while its main forces turned east towards Kavala, reaching the Bulgarians.", "Another Greek army attacked into Epirus towards Ioannina.", "In the naval front the Ottoman fleet twice exited the Dardanelles and was twice defeated by the Greek Navy, in the battles of Elli and Lemnos.", "Greek dominance on the Aegean Sea made it impossible for the Ottomans to transfer the planned troops from the Middle East to the Thracian (against the Bulgarian) and to the Macedonian (against the Greeks and Serbians) fronts.", "According to the E.J.", "Erickson the Greek Navy also played a crucial, albeit indirect role, in the Thracian campaign by neutralizing no less than three Thracian Corps (see First Balkan War, the Bulgarian theater of operations), a significant portion of the Ottoman Army there, in the all-important opening round of the war.", "After the defeating of the Ottoman fleet the Greek Navy was also free to liberate the islands of the Aegean.", "General Nikola Ivanov identified the activity of the Greek Navy as the chief factor in the general success of the allies.", "In January, after a successful coup by young army officers, the Ottoman Empire decided to continue the war.", "After a failed Ottoman counter-attack in the Western-Thracian front, Bulgarian forces with the help of the Serbian Army managed to conquer Adrianople while Greek forces managed to take Ioannina after defeating the Ottomans in the battle of Bizani.", "In the joint Serbian-Montenegrin theater of operation the Montenegrin army besieged and captured the Shkodra, ending the Ottoman presence in Europe west of the Çatalca line after nearly 500 years.", "The war ended with the Treaty of London on 30(17) May 1913." ]

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[ "The Market is also a significant provider of low-income housing and social services.", "The Market Foundation supports the Pike Market Medical Clinic, Pike Market Senior Center, Downtown Food Bank, and Pike Market Childcare and Preschool (all within the Market), as well as low-income housing in and near the Market.", "They provide Market Fresh coupons to their low-income tenants, redeemable for Market produce, and implement the FoodLink program that distributes unsold Market produce to other Seattle food banks and meal programs.", "The money placed in the Market's giant piggybank goes to this foundation, as do the funds raised by several annual or intermittent fundraisers, including Pigs on Parade.", "About 500 people live in the market.", "Approximately 90% are low-income seniors with subsidized rents.", "Their average income is only $11,095 a year.", "Among the low-income units in the Market are 41 in the LaSalle Hotel, 51 in Market House, 44 in the Stewart House and 96 in the Livingston-Baker.", "The Pike Market Medical Clinic provides primary care and ancillary services to 3,600 patients.", "Most of these are either elderly, HIV-positive, or working poor.", "One third homeless, 30% are physically disabled, and 60% have severe mental illness and/or chemical addiction.", "The clinic provides basic medical care, subsidized prescriptions, lab work, mental health counseling, drug and alcohol counseling, connections to other community services, and sometimes even assistance in finding housing.", "Approximately 900 people use the Market's senior center.", "Services include hot lunches for low-income seniors, help in finding housing and jobs, and a variety of classes ranging from physical fitness and health to language, geography, art, and computer training.", "The Downtown Food Bank, located in the Public Market Parking Garage on Western Avenue provides groceries to approximately 1,000 people a week.", "About 265 bags of groceries are delivered weekly to homebound downtown residents.", "About 160 families receive infant milk, baby food and diapers.", "The child care and preschool serves 90-100 families with children ages 2–5 each year.", "84% of families with children attending are low-income and receive tuition assistance.", "Besides its educational aspects, the school provides these children with breakfast, lunch, and afternoon snacks and has a full-time, onsite child and family support professional to identify resources children their families might need and to link them to those resources." ]

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[ "Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent's serve, or any form of attack.", "Proper handling includes not only preventing the ball from touching the court, but also making it reach the position where the setter is standing quickly and precisely.", "The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific techniques: underarm pass, or bump, where the ball touches the inside part of the joined forearms or platform, at waist line; and overhand pass, where it is handled with the fingertips, like a set, above the head.", "Either are acceptable in professional and beach volleyball, however there are much tighter regulations on the overhand pass in beach volleyball." ]

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[ "The most common difference between a regular runabout and a wakeboarding boat is the wakeboard tower, normally constructed of thick-walled stainless steel or aluminum tubing, which places the \"pull point\" about off the water's surface.", "The high tow point makes it easier to jump and get air as the rope is not pulling downward as when it is attached to the low tow point used for skiing.", "Most modern wakeboarding boats also have a variable ballast system, which allows for water to be pumped into and out of ballast tanks from the surrounding water.", "Adding ballast increases displacement, and consequently enlarges the wake produced.", "A significant portion of wakeboarding boats utilizes V-drive propulsion.", "These boats have a regular inboard engine, but are turned 180° such that the transmission is in front of the engine, rather than behind, or \"inline\", which is a more common layout for inboard tournament ski boats.", "The prop shaft exits the transmission towards the rear of the boat, so that the prop is placed directly under the engine.", "When viewed from the side, such a layout appears as a \"V\" lying on its side.", "This layout allows for better weight distribution(with the engine farther aft), and places the prop farther forward, reducing the danger of the spinning prop near the stern of the vessel, where riders enter and exit the water." ]

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[ "Some of the original lyrics that were penned by Martin were rejected before the show began.", "They were: \"Have yourself a merry little Christmas / It may be your last/ Next year we may all be living in the past / Have yourself a merry little Christmas / Pop that champagne cork / Next year we may all be living in New York.\"", "When presented with the original draft lyric, Garland, her co-star Tom Drake and director Vincente Minnelli criticized the song as depressing, and asked Martin to change the lyrics.", "Though he initially resisted, Martin made several changes to make the song more upbeat.", "For example, the lines \"It may be your last / Next year we may all be living in the past\" became \"Let your heart be light / Next year all our troubles will be out of sight\".", "Garland's version of the song, which was also released as a single by Decca Records, became popular among United States troops serving in World War II; her performance at the Hollywood Canteen brought many soldiers to tears.", "In 1957, Frank Sinatra asked Martin to revise the line \"Until then we'll have to muddle through somehow.\"", "He told Martin, \"The name of my album is \"A Jolly Christmas\".", "Do you think you could jolly up that line for me?\"", "Martin's new line was \"Hang a shining star upon the highest bough.\"", "Martin made several other alterations, changing the song's focus to a celebration of present happiness, rather than anticipation of a better future.", "On \"The Judy Garland Show Christmas Special\", Garland sings the song to her children Joey and Lorna Luft with Sinatra's alternate lyrics.", "The lyrics Garland sang in \"Meet Me in St. Louis\" have been recorded with only slight variations by a number of artists, including Sinatra himself (in 1950 and 1963 single recordings), Doris Day (in \"The Doris Day Christmas Album\"), Ella Fitzgerald (in \"Ella Wishes You a Swinging Christmas\"), James Taylor (in \"October Road\"), The Pretenders in the first \"A Very Special Christmas\" compilation released in 1987 (which benefits Special Olympics), and Luther Vandross (in \"This Is Christmas\").", "In 2001 the 86-year-old composer Hugh Martin, occasionally active as a pianist with religious ministries since the 1980s, wrote an entirely new set of lyrics to the song with John Fricke, \"Have Yourself a Blessed Little Christmas,\" a religious version of the secular Christmas standard.", "The song was recorded by gospel female vocalist Del Delker with Martin accompanying her on piano.", "In 2002, NewSong lead singer Michael O'Brien noted the line \"through the years, we all will be together if the Lord allows,\" which was part of the original song, was purged and replaced with \"if the fates allow\" to remove religious reference when the song was released.", "He noted while a pastor in a California church in 1990, he had met Martin, who played piano at the church where O'Brien was serving for an evening, and the pastor was told, \"That's the original way I wrote it, so I want you to sing it this way.\"", "In addition to NewSong, Rachael Lampa, Twila Paris, Kathy Troccoli, Phil Wickham, BarlowGirl, Sidewalk Prophets, and Don Moen have recorded the song with the original lyrics." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "", "\"Love the Way You Lie\" ranked in various best-of-2010 lists.", "Claire Suddath of \"Time\" placed it at number five on her top-ten list and wrote, \"That this song didn't come across sounding clichéd or tasteless is a testament to both artists' skill.\"", "AOL Radio considered the song the best of 2010 hip hop music, regarding Eminem as imaginative and passionate.", "It ranked ninth on MTV News' top-twenty-five list.", "Its editor James Montgomery attributed the song's success to its theme and relation to the artists' past abusive relationships.", "He concluded, \"You cannot write a song any better than that, because that's how this kind of thing happens in real life.\"", "\"The New York Post\" placed the song at second place on their \"top 210 songs from 2010\" list and regarded it as a \"comeback club anthem.\"", "In April 2011, Gabriel Alvarez of \"Complex\" magazine ranked it at number 100 on their \"100 Best Eminem Songs\" list, calling it a love song and praising Rihanna's vocals as beautiful.", "\"Love the Way You Lie\" and its accompanying music video were nominated for five Grammy Awards at the 2011 ceremony, including \"Record of the Year\", \"Song of the Year\" and \"Best Short Form Music Video\".", "It won the People's Choice Awards for \"Favorite Music Video\" and \"Favorite Song\"." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 15 ]

[ "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American epic superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan and the story with David S. Goyer.", "Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's \"Batman\" film trilogy, and it is the sequel to \"Batman Begins\" (2005) and \"The Dark Knight\" (2008).", "Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of his allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox.", "The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway), a sly, morally ambiguous cat burglar, and Bane (Tom Hardy), a mercenary bent on destroying Gotham City.", "Drawn back into action by new threats facing the city, an older Bruce Wayne is forced to come out of retirement and become Batman once again.", "Christopher Nolan was initially hesitant about returning to the series for a second time, but agreed to come back after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note.", "Nolan drew inspiration from Bane's comic book debut in the 1993 \"\" storyline, the 1986 series \"The Dark Knight Returns\", and the 1999 storyline \"No Man's Land\".", "Filming took place in various locations, including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh.", "Nolan used IMAX cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, to optimize the quality of the picture.", "A variation of the Batplane termed \"The Bat\", an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film.", "As with \"The Dark Knight\", viral marketing campaigns began early during production to help promotion.", "When filming concluded, Warner Bros. refocused its campaign: developing promotional websites, releasing the first six minutes of the film, screening theatrical trailers, and sending out information regarding the film's plot.", "\"The Dark Knight Rises\" premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012.", "The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on July 19, 2012, and in North America and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2012.", "Upon release it received a favorable critical response and grossed over $1.081 billion worldwide.", "It is currently the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time, the third-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the third-highest-grossing superhero film of all time." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 5 ]

[ "The Kid with a Bike () is a 2011 drama film written and directed by the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, starring Thomas Doret and Cécile de France.", "Set in Seraing, it tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who turns to a woman for comfort after his father has abandoned him.", "The film was produced through companies in Belgium, France and Italy.", "While it does not deviate from the naturalistic style of the Dardenne brothers' earlier works, a brighter aesthetic than usual was employed, and the screenplay had a structure inspired by fairy tales.", "Unusually for a film by the directors, it also uses music.", "It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was co-winner of the festival's Grand Prix." ]

[]

[ 3 ]

[ "The music video for \"Blow Me (One Last Kiss)\" premiered on July 26, 2012 at 7:50pm EDT on MTV and VEVO and was directed by Pink's longtime collaborator Dave Meyers, who directed the videos for almost all of her lead singles and many of her hits.", "The official colored version of the video was leaked online on August 31, and was officially posted on VEVO on September 5, 2012.", "The video is entirely in black and white, with splashes of color, features opening titles in French.", "The video begins with Pink having a picnic with her love interest (Sebastian de la Forza).", "The two lean in for a kiss, which is interrupted by him taking a phone call.", "Pink splashes him with red wine, and walks away through the trees.", "She meets another man on his motorbike (Alexander Ercheverria) and goes home with him.", "He draws a portrait of her.", "Pink watches through the window as many female guests arrive for a party the man has organised.", "During the party, she dances with one of the women until she is interrupted by the man who brought her home.", "Pink wears a black suit with her hair pushed back and dances with the woman (Mosh).", "The man gets down on one knee and proposes.", "Pink accepts by giving him her hand but is disappointed to find out the proposal was meant for her dance partner.", "During their wedding ceremony, Pink is dressed completely in black, as if she is attending a funeral.", "A flying bike appears above the guests (Andreas-Holm Hansen), which is carrying a heart-shaped balloon.", "The balloon pops, and red liquid covers the guests as Pink sings and dances cheerfully.", "She joins the driver of the flying bike, and they fly away together at the end of this video clip across the countryside, into the sunset, under a bridge, over trees and up close to a big hill on the high flying bicycle with eagle wings.", "A colored version was also released.", "MTV's James Montgomery assured Pink's fans that she hasn't changed, while crediting the video for its angry and funny nature, saying \"While your heroine might be saying she's a changed woman, the 'Blow Me' video proves that she's not.", "It's just as angry as her previous clips, and nearly as funny too.\"" ]

[ 3 ]

[ 2 ]

[ "The atom is the basic unit of chemistry.", "It consists of a dense core called the atomic nucleus surrounded by a space called the electron cloud.", "The nucleus is made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons (together called nucleons), while the electron cloud consists of negatively-charged electrons which orbit the nucleus.", "In a neutral atom, the negatively-charged electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons.", "The nucleus is dense; the mass of a nucleon is 1,836 times that of an electron, yet the radius of an atom is about 10,000 times that of its nucleus.", "The atom is also the smallest entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties of the element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state(s), coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form (e.g., metallic, ionic, covalent)." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 5 ]

[ "It is often convenient to study a thermodynamic process in which a single variable, such as temperature, pressure, or volume, etc., is held fixed.", "Furthermore, it is useful to group these processes into pairs, in which each variable held constant is one member of a conjugate pair.", "Several commonly studied thermodynamic processes are:", "Isobaric process: occurs at constant pressure", "Isochoric process: occurs at constant volume (also called isometric/isovolumetric)", "Isothermal process: occurs at a constant temperature", "Adiabatic process: occurs without loss or gain of energy as heat", "Isentropic process: a reversible adiabatic process occurs at a constant entropy, but is a fictional idealization.", "Conceptually it is possible to actually physically conduct a process that keeps the entropy of the system constant, allowing systematically controlled removal of heat, by conduction to a cooler body, to compensate for entropy produced within the system by irreversible work done on the system.", "Such isentropic conduct of a process seems called for when the entropy of the system is considered as an independent variable, as for example when the internal energy is considered as a function of the entropy and volume of the system, the natural variables of the internal energy as studied by Gibbs.", "Isenthalpic process: occurs at a constant enthalpy", "Isolated process: no matter or energy (neither as work nor as heat) is transferred into or out of the system", "It is sometimes of interest to study a process in which several variables are controlled, subject to some specified constraint.", "In a system in which a chemical reaction can occur, for example, in which the pressure and temperature can affect the equilibrium composition, a process might occur in which temperature is held constant but pressure is slowly altered, just so that chemical equilibrium is maintained all the way.", "There is a corresponding process at constant temperature in which the final pressure is the same but is reached by a rapid jump.", "Then it can be shown that the volume change resulting from the rapid jump process is smaller than that from the slow equilibrium process.", "The work transferred differs between the two processes." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 17 ]

[ "Space Shuttle program (1972–2011).", "The Space Shuttle became the major focus of NASA in the late 1970s and the 1980s.", "Planned as a frequently launchable and mostly reusable vehicle, four space shuttle orbiters were built by 1985.", "The first to launch, \"Columbia\", did so on April 12, 1981, the 20th anniversary of the first space flight by Yuri Gagarin.", "Its major components were a spaceplane orbiter with an external fuel tank and two solid fuel launch rockets at its side.", "The external tank, which was bigger than the spacecraft itself, was the only component that was not reused.", "The shuttle could orbit in altitudes of 185–643 km (115–400 miles) and carry a maximum payload (to low orbit) of 24,400 kg (54,000 lb).", "Missions could last from 5 to 17 days and crews could be from 2 to 8 astronauts.", "On 20 missions (1983–98) the Space Shuttle carried Spacelab, designed in cooperation with the ESA.", "Spacelab was not designed for independent orbital flight, but remained in the Shuttle's cargo bay as the astronauts entered and left it through an airlock.", "Another famous series of missions were the launch and later successful repair of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990 and 1993, respectively.", "In 1995 Russian-American interaction resumed with the Shuttle-Mir missions (1995–1998).", "Once more an American vehicle docked with a Russian craft, this time a full-fledged space station.", "This cooperation has continued with Russia and the United States as the two of the biggest partners in the largest space station built: the International Space Station (ISS).", "The strength of their cooperation on this project was even more evident when NASA began relying on Russian launch vehicles to service the ISS during the two-year grounding of the shuttle fleet following the 2003 Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" disaster.", "The Shuttle fleet lost two orbiters and 14 astronauts in two disasters: \"Challenger\" in 1986, and \"Columbia\" in 2003.", "While the 1986 loss was mitigated by building the Space Shuttle \"Endeavour\" from replacement parts, NASA did not build another orbiter to replace the second loss.", "NASA's Space Shuttle program had 135 missions when the program ended with the successful landing of the Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\" at the Kennedy Space Center on July 21, 2011.", "The program spanned 30 years with over 300 astronauts sent into space." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The design of the Forbidden City, from its overall layout to the smallest detail, was meticulously planned to reflect philosophical and religious principles, and above all to symbolise the majesty of Imperial power.", "Some noted examples of symbolic designs include:", " Yellow is the color of the Emperor.", "Thus almost all roofs in the Forbidden City bear yellow glazed tiles.", "There are only two exceptions.", "The library at the Pavilion of Literary Profundity () had black tiles because black was associated with water, and thus fire-prevention.", "Similarly, the Crown Prince's residences have green tiles because green was associated with wood, and thus growth.", " The main halls of the Outer and Inner courts are all arranged in groups of three – the shape of the Qian triagram, representing Heaven.", "The residences of the Inner Court on the other hand are arranged in groups of six – the shape of the Kun triagram, representing the Earth.", " The sloping ridges of building roofs are decorated with a line of statuettes led by a man riding a phoenix and followed by an imperial dragon.", "The number of statuettes represents the status of the building – a minor building might have 3 or 5.", "The Hall of Supreme Harmony has 10, the only building in the country to be permitted this in Imperial times.", "As a result, its 10th statuette, called a \"\"Hangshi\"\", or \"ranked tenth\" (), is also unique in the Forbidden City.", " The layout of buildings follows ancient customs laid down in the \"Classic of Rites\".", "Thus, ancestral temples are in front of the palace.", "Storage areas are placed in the front part of the palace complex, and residences in the back." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "Reformation outside Germany.", "Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in the Swiss Confederation under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli.", "Zwingli was a scholar and preacher who moved to Zurich – the then-leading city state – in 1518, a year after Martin Luther began the Reformation in Germany with his 95 Theses.", "Although the two movements agreed on many issues of theology, as the recently introduced printing press spread ideas rapidly from place to place, some unresolved differences kept them separate.", "A long-standing resentment between the German states and the Swiss Confederation led to heated debate over how much Zwingli owed his ideas to Lutheranism.", "Although Zwinglianism does hold uncanny resemblance to Lutheranism (it even had its own equivalent of the 95 Theses, called the 67 Conclusions), historians have been unable to prove that Zwingli had any contact with Luther's publications before 1520, and Zwingli himself maintained that he had prevented himself from reading them.", "The German Prince Philip of Hesse saw potential in creating an alliance between Zwingli and Luther, seeing strength in a united Protestant front.", "A meeting was held in his castle in 1529, now known as the Colloquy of Marburg, which has become infamous for its complete failure.", "The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine.", "Although Luther preached consubstantiation in the Eucharist over transubstantiation, he believed in the spiritual presence of Christ at the mass.", "Zwingli believed that the mass was only representative and memorial – Christ was not present.", "Luther became so angry that he famously carved into the meeting table 'Hoc Est Corpus Meum' – a Biblical quotation from the Last Supper meaning 'this is my body'.", "Some followers of Zwingli believed that the Reformation was too conservative, and moved independently toward more radical positions, some of which survive among modern day Anabaptists.", "One famous incident illustrating this was when radical Zwinglians fried and ate sausages during Lent in Zurich city square by way of protest against the Church teaching of good works.", "Other Protestant movements grew up along lines of mysticism or humanism (cf.", "Erasmus), sometimes breaking from Rome or from the Protestants, or forming outside of the churches." ]

[ 1 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "Box office.", "\"The Lion King\" earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $564,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $987,483,777.", "It is the ninteenth highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the second highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind \"Frozen)\".", "It is also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.", "After its initial run, having earned $768.6 million, it ranked as the second-highest grossing film of all time worldwide, behind \"Jurassic Park\" .", "It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated \"Finding Nemo\" (2003), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"\" (2009), \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), and \"Frozen\" (2013).", "During its 3D re-release, \"The Lion King\" surpassed all the afomentioned films but \"Toy Story 3\" to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide, and the highest-grossing hand-drawn animation.", "It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 8 ]

[ "Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing downwards when possible.", "Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rearcourt, and his partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift.", "If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply.", "If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack.", "If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents' smashes.", "In doubles, players generally smash to the middle ground between two players in order to take advantage of confusion and clashes.", "At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have become fairly rare at a high level of play.", "The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately.", "Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.", "At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast.", "Men's doubles is the most aggressive form of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges.", "Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles." ]

[ 2 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The City of San Francisco has sometimes grappled with what to do about camps of homeless people living in Golden Gate Park, which have been criticized as unsanitary, and \"demoralizing\" for park users and workers.", "The camps have been described by journalists as full of garbage, broken glass, hypodermic needles, and human excrement, and the people in them are described as suffering from serious addictions and often behaving aggressively with police and park gardeners.", "There have been occasional incidents of violence against homeless people in the park, including the 2010 park beating to death of a homeless man and an attack on park visitors by dogs owned by a park resident, also in 2010.", "In the 1990s, then-Mayor Willie Brown sought unsuccessfully to borrow the Oakland Police Department's helicopters in order to find homeless people's camps.", "Starting in 1988 under then-mayor Art Agnos, and continuing under the direction of subsequent mayors including Frank Jordan, Willie Brown, and Gavin Newsom, San Francisco police have conducted intermittent sweeps of the park aimed at eliminating the camps.", "Tactics have included information campaigns designed to inform homeless residents about city services available to help them; waking sleeping homeless people and making them leave the park; issuing citations for infractions and misdemeanors such as camping, trespassing, or public intoxication, which carry penalties of $75 to $100; and the seizure and removal from the park of homeless people's possessions.", "The crackdowns have been criticized by anti-poverty activists and civil liberties groups, who say they attack only the symptoms of homelessness while ignoring its root causes, and criminalize the poor for their poverty while ignoring their property rights and constitutional rights.", "In 2006, the American Civil Liberties Union brought a lawsuit against the city government on behalf of 10 homeless people, alleging property violations by the city during sweeps in Golden Gate Park the year before." ]

[ 4 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "As a result of the Redevelopment Act of 1981, Union Station was closed for restoration and refurbishing.", "Mold was growing in the leaking ceiling of the Main Hall, and the carpet laid out for an Inauguration Day celebration was full of cigarette-burned holes.", "In 1988, Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole awarded $70 million to the restoration effort.", "\"The Pit\" was transformed into a new basement level, and the Main Hall floor was refitted with marble.", "While installing new HVAC systems, crews discovered antique items in shafts that had not been opened since the building's creation.", "The station reopened in its present form on September 29, 1988.", "The former “Pit” area was replaced with an AMC movie theater (later Phoenix Theatres), closed October 12, 2009, to be replaced with additional restaurants and a large food court in the former baggage-mail level.", "The food court still retains the original arches under which the trains were parked as well as the track numbers on those arches.", "A variety of shops opened along the Concourse and Main Hall, and a new Amtrak terminal at the back behind the original Concourse.", "Trains no longer enter the original Concourse but the original, decorative gates were relocated to the new passenger concourse.", "In 1994, this new passenger concourse was renamed to honor W. Graham Claytor, Jr., who served as Amtrak's president from 1982 to 1993.", "The decorative elements of the station were also restored.", "The skylights were preserved but sunlight no longer illuminates the Concourse because it is blocked by the newer roof structure built directly overhead to support the aging, original structure." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Let It Be is the twelfth and final studio album released by the English rock band the Beatles.", "It was released on 8 May 1970 by the band's Apple Records label shortly after the group announced their break-up.", "Most of \"Let It Be\" was recorded in January 1969, before the recording and release of the album \"Abbey Road\".", "For this reason, some critics and fans, such as Mark Lewisohn, argue that \"Abbey Road\" should be considered the group's final album and \"Let It Be\" the penultimate.", "\"Let It Be\" was originally intended to be released before \"Abbey Road\" during mid-1969 as Get Back, but the Beatles were unhappy with this version, which was mixed and compiled by Glyn Johns, and it was temporarily shelved.", "A new version of the album was created by Phil Spector in 1970 and finally released as \"Let It Be\", serving as the album for the 1970 motion picture of the same name.", "While three songs from the sessions were released as singles before the album's release, \"Get Back\"/\"Don't Let Me Down\" and \"Let It Be\", the songs were remixed by Spector for the album and \"Don't Let Me Down\" was not included.", "Despite a mixed review from \"Rolling Stone\" magazine at the time of its release, the album was ranked number 86 in the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 2003.", "This was, however, adjusted to #392 in the 2012 version.", "\"Let It Be... Naked\" was released in 2003, an alternative version of the album stripping much of Phil Spector's production work and using some different versions of songs." ]

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[ 8 ]

[ "Pho originated in the early 20th century in northern Vietnam, apparently southeast of Hanoi in Nam Định Province, then a substantial textile market.", "The traditional home of pho is reputed to be the villages of and (or ) in Đông Xuân commune, Nam Trực District, Nam Định Province.", "According to villagers, pho was eaten in long before the French colonial period when it was popularized.", "Pho was originally sold at dawn and dusk by roaming street vendors, who shouldered mobile kitchens on carrying poles (').", "From the pole hung two wooden cabinets, one housing a cauldron over a wood fire, the other storing noodles, spices, cookware, and space to prepare a bowl of pho.", "Pho vendors kept their heads warm with distinctive, disheveled felt hats called '.", "Hanoi's first two fixed pho stands were a Vietnamese-owned Cát Tường on Cầu Gỗ Street and a Chinese-owned stand in front of Bờ Hồ tram stop.", "They were joined in 1918 by two more on Quạt Row and Đồng Row.", "Around 1925, a Vân Cù villager named Vạn opened the first \"Nam Định style\" pho stand in Hanoi. \"\"", "declined in number around 1936–1946 in favor of stationary eateries." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 15 ]

[ "Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking.", "Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa.", "The various Nigerian Confraternities or \"campus cults\" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria.", "As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities.", "The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members.", "On lower levels of society, there are the \"area boys\", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing.", "According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.", "Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed \"419\", a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the \"Nigerian scam\", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates.", "These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank.", "The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut.", "In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted.", "In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.", "There is also some piracy in Nigeria, with attacks mainly directed at smaller ships shuttling employees and materials belonging to the oil companies with any involvement in oil exploration in the Niger Delta.", "From 1 January 2007 to 29 October 2007, twenty-six pirate attacks were recorded.", "Nigeria is also pervaded by political corruption.", "It is ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.", "More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 8 ]

[ "The romantic tradition that originated with Luo Guanzhong's historical novel \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" differs from historical accounts in many details.", "For example, Cao Cao's army strength was exaggerated to over 830,000 men.", "This may be attributed to the ethos of later times, particularly of the Southern Song Dynasty .", "The state of Shu Han, in particular, was viewed by later literati as the \"legitimate\" successor to the Han Dynasty, so fictionalised accounts assign greater prominence than the historical records warrant to the roles of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and other heroes from Shu.", "This is generally accomplished by minimising the importance of Eastern Wu commanders and advisors such as Zhou Yu and Lu Su .", "While historical accounts describe Lu Su as a sensible advisor and Zhou Yu as an eminent military leader and \"generous, sensible and courageous\" man, \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" depicts Lu Su as unremarkable and Zhou Yu as cruel and cynical .", "Both are depicted as being inferior to Zhuge Liang in every respect .", "The romances added wholly fictional and fantastical elements to the historical accounts and these were repeated in popular plays and operas.", "Examples from the \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" include Zhuge Liang pretending to use magic to call forth favourable winds (that he had in fact predicted by astronomical observation) for the fire ship attack, his strategy of \"using straw boats to borrow arrows\", and Guan Yu capturing and releasing Cao Cao at Huarong Trail.", "The fictionalised accounts also name Zhuge Liang as a military commander in the combined forces, which is historically inaccurate ." ]

[]

[ 0 ]

[ "Shish kebab (\"Şiş\", pronounced , meaning \"skewer\" is a Turkish word.)", "is a dish consisting of meat threaded on a skewer and grilled.", "Any kind of meat may be used; cubes of fruit or vegetables are often threaded on the spit as well.", "Typical vegetables include tomato, bell pepper, onions, and mushrooms.", "In the USA, the word \"kebab\" usually refers to shish kebab." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 1, 2 ]

[ "Like the majority of the videos from the album \"American Idiot\", it was directed by Samuel Bayer.", "The video features Green Day's support guitarist, Jason White.", "This is the second time Jason White has appeared in a Green Day video, first appearing in \"When I Come Around\", ten years earlier but not as a band member.", "The video focuses on a very loving couple (played by Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood).", "The boyfriend promises never to leave his girlfriend but they later argue when the boyfriend enlists in the United States Marine Corps.", "The boyfriend interprets his actions as a way to show her that he loves her so much that he would put his life on the line to keep her safe; the girlfriend, however, is heartbroken, as he broke his vow to never leave her, and terrified at the thought that he might die in battle.", "The video then shows the boyfriend in battle in Iraq being ambushed by insurgents.", "This scene is intercut with scenes of the girlfriend tearfully mourning in a quiet field.", "The video ends on this juxtaposition, emphasizing the pain and heartache of losing loved ones due to the war.", "This video adds to the \"American Idiot\" anti-war sentiment of the Iraq War.", "The song eventually became a tribute song to the victims of Hurricane Katrina, and sound bites were added from various news coverages to the song.", "A live version of the song, recorded on September 3, 2005, at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts was released soon after and dedicated to the hurricane's victims.", "The song was performed live with U2 guitarist The Edge in the pregame show of the Monday Night Football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Atlanta Falcons; it was the first game played in the Superdome in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina." ]

[ 2, 0 ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "In 2003, twenty-four Pollock-esque paintings and drawings were found in a locker in Wainscott, New York.", "An inconclusive debate continues about whether or not these works are Pollock originals.", "Physicists have argued over whether fractals can be used to authenticate the paintings.", "This would require an analysis of geometric consistency of the paint splatters in Pollock's work at a microscopic level, and would be measured against the finding that patterns in Pollock's paintings increased in complexity with time.", "Analysis of the synthetic pigments shows that some were not patented until the 1980s, and therefore that it is highly improbable that Pollock could have used such paints.", "In 2006 a documentary, \"Who the *$&% Is Jackson Pollock?\"", "was made concerning Teri Horton, a truck driver who in 1992 bought an abstract painting for five dollars at a thrift store in California.", "This work may be a lost Pollock painting but its authenticity is debated." ]

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[ 2 ]

[ "Shooting is the act or process of firing firearms or other projectile weapons such as bows or crossbows.", "Even the firing of artillery, rockets, and missiles can be called shooting.", "A person who specializes in shooting is a marksman.", "Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field in hunting, in shooting sports, or in combat." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 6 ]

[ "Historically, the three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy (EBRT or XRT) or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.", "The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.", "Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.", "The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.", "In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.", "This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.", "Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.", "Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.", "This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers." ]

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[ 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 ]

[ "Digital download", "\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48", "Digital EP", "\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48", "\"Rolling in the Deep (Jamie xx Shuffle)\" – 4:17", "\"Rolling in the Deep (Acapella)\" – 3:56", "\"Rolling in the Deep (Avicii Remix)\" – 4:25", "CD single", "\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48", "\"If It Hadn't Been for Love\" (written by Mike Henderson and Chris Stapleton) – 3:09" ]

[ 5 ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 ]

[ "In the basic recipe for poutine, French fries are covered with fresh cheese curds, and topped with brown gravy.", "In a Quebec poutine:", "\"Fries\": Usually of medium thickness, and fried (sometimes doubly) so that the inside stays soft, while the outside is crispy.", "\"Cheese curds\": Fresh cheese curds are used to give the desired texture.", "The curd size may vary but is usually slightly smaller than bite-sized.", "\"Gravy\": Traditionally a light and thin chicken, veal, or turkey gravy, mildly spiced with a hint of pepper, or a \"sauce brune\" which is a combination of beef and chicken stock, a variant originating in Quebec.", "The gravy should be thin enough to easily filter down into the mass of fries and cheese curds.", "These sauces typically also contain vinegar or a sour flavouring to balance the richness of the cheese and fries.", "Traditional poutine sauces (\"mélange à sauce poutine\") are sold in Quebec, Ontario, and Maritime grocery stores in jars or cans and in powdered mix packets.", "Recently, some stores have begun to offer vegetarian gravy as an option to cater to ovolactovegetarians.", "Heavy beef or pork-based brown gravies are rarely used.", "To maintain the texture of the fries, the cheese curd and gravy are added immediately prior to serving the dish.", "The hot gravy is usually poured over the cold cheese curds, so that the cheese is warmed without completely melting.", "It is important to control the temperature, timing and the order in which the ingredients are added, so as to obtain the right food textures which is an essential part of the experience of eating poutine." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 14 ]

[ "http://www.pawneeindiana.com/  — Fictional city of Pawnee website.", "http://www.hoosiermate.com/  — Dating website featured in the third season episode \"Soulmates.", "\"", "http://www.scarecrowboat.com/  — Website for Andy's band Mouse Rat (formerly Scarecrow Boat), Pawnee, Indiana's #1 band.", "http://www.entertainment720.com/  — Website for Tom and Jean-Ralphio's failed business venture, Entertainment 7wenty.", "http://www.awesomesaucewedding.com/  — Andy and April's wedding site.", "http://www.knope2012.com/  — Knope 2012 campaign site.", "http://www.snakeholelounge.com/  — Website for the Snakehole Lounge, \"Pawnee's sickest nightclub.", "\"", "https://www.twitter.com/munchmeat2015  — Twitter account featured in \"The Debate.", "\"", "http://annsolo.tumblr.com  — Ann's personal blog (Tumblr), seen in the fifth season episode \"Ann's Decision.", "\"", "http://www.rentaswag.com   — Tom's high-end clothes rental for teens, tweens and everything in betweens", "http://www.ronswansongrill.com   — Ron Swanson's grilling webpage" ]

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[ 2 ]

[ "Music video.", "The music video for \"Somebody That I Used To Know\", which was directed and produced by Natasha Pincus, shows both Gotye and Kimbra naked throughout the clip, and as they sing, his skin is gradually painted into the backdrop via stop motion animation.", "In the director's cut, it features nudity.", "The director's cut was never posted.", "The painting used in the video's background, painted by Howard Clark, is based on a 1980s artwork created by Gotye's father, Frank de Backer, who also designed the cover art for the related album, \"Making Mirrors\".", "Emma Hack, an Australian artist and skin illustrator based in Adelaide, was hired by Pincus to work on the body paintings for Gotye and Kimbra.", "Melbourne Scenic Artist Howard Clark painted the backdrop.", "According to Hack, it took more than 23 hours to paint both Gotye and Kimbra to fit with Howard's background.", "Their painting symbolises their combined relationship.", "Before its official premiere, the music video was leaked on Take 40 Australia's website.", "According to Pincus, \"It was stolen out of our system.", "I guess it's always wanted to get out there.", "Within five minutes it was everywhere\".", "On 30 July 2011 it was officially premiered on YouTube and on the Australian music show \"Rage\".", "The music video was well received for its artistic style, picking up 200,000 views in its first two weeks, as well as receiving promotion on Twitter by actor Ashton Kutcher and Katy Perry.", "As of May 2013, the video has over 400 million views on YouTube.", "The video for \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" was voted number 1 in the annual \"Rage\" Fifty countdown.", "Andy Samberg and Taran Killam parodied the video in a \"Saturday Night Live\" \"digital short\" that coincided with Gotye's 14 April 2012 performance on the show.", "The video was nominated for Video of the Year and Best Editing in a Video at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards." ]

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[ 1 ]

[ "The most common middle-distance track events are the 800 metres, 1500 metres and mile run, although the 3000 metres may also be classified as a middle-distance event.", "The 880 yard run, or half mile, was the forebear of the 800 m distance and it has its roots in competitions in the United Kingdom in the 1830s.", "The 1500 m came about as a result of running three laps of a 500 m track, which was commonplace in continental Europe in the 20th century.", "Runners start the race from a standing position along a curved starting line and after hearing the starter's pistol they head towards the innermost track to follow the quickest route to the finish.", "In 800 m races athletes begin at a staggered starting point before the turn in the track and they must remain in their lanes for the first 100 m of the race.", "This rule was introduced to reduce the amount of physical jostling between runners in the early stages of the race.", "Physiologically, these middle-distance events demand that athletes have good aerobic and anaerobic energy producing systems, and also that they have strong speed endurance.", "The 1500 m and mile run events have historically been some of the most prestigious track and field events.", "Swedish rivals Gunder Hägg and Arne Andersson broke each other's 1500 m and mile world records on a number of occasions in the 1940s.", "The prominence of the distances were maintained by Roger Bannister, who (in 1954) was the first to run the long-elusive four-minute mile, and Jim Ryun's exploits served to popularise interval training.", "Races between British rivals Sebastian Coe, Steve Ovett and Steve Cram characterised middle-distance running in 1980s.", "From the 1990s onwards, North Africans such as Noureddine Morceli of Algeria and Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco came to dominate the 1500 and mile events.", "Beyond the short distances of sprinting events, factors such as an athlete's reactions and top speed becomes less important, while qualities such as pace, race tactics and endurance become more so." ]

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[ "In the physical sciences, subatomic particles are particles smaller than atoms.", "(although some subatomic particles have mass greater than some atoms).", "There are two types of subatomic particles: elementary particles, which according to current theories are not made of other particles; and \"composite\" particles.", "Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how they interact.", "In particle physics, the concept of a particle is one of several concepts inherited from classical physics.", "But it also reflects the modern understanding that at the quantum scale matter and energy behave very differently from what much of everyday experience would lead us to expect.", "The idea of a particle underwent serious rethinking in light of experiments that showed that light could behave like a stream of particles (called photons) as well as exhibit wave-like properties.", "This led to the new concept of wave–particle duality to reflect that quantum-scale \"particles\" behave like both particles and waves.", "Another new concept, the uncertainty principle, states that such their properties as position and momentum cannot be measured exactly.", "In more recent times, wave–particle duality has been shown to apply not only to photons but to increasingly massive particles.", "Interactions of particles in the framework of quantum field theory are understood as creation and annihilation of \"quanta\" of corresponding fundamental interactions.", "This blends particle physics with field theory." ]

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[ 0 ]

[ "The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.", "Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the \"Mahābhārata\" and the \"Ramayana\", the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the \"Abhijñānaśākuntalam\" (\"The Recognition of Śakuntalā\"), and poetry such as the \"Mahākāvya\".", "Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in India.", "Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the \"Sangam\" literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.", "From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak.", "This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.", "In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions.", "In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore." ]

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[ 0 ]

[ "Ecology studies the distribution and abundance of living organisms, and the interactions between organisms and their environment.", "The habitat of an organism can be described as the local abiotic factors such as climate and ecology, in addition to the other organisms and biotic factors that share its environment.", "One reason that biological systems can be difficult to study is that so many different interactions with other organisms and the environment are possible, even on small scales.", "A microscopic bacterium in a local sugar gradient is responding to its environment as much as a lion searching for food in the African savanna.", "For any species, behaviors can be co-operative, competitive, parasitic, or symbiotic.", "Matters become more complex when two or more species interact in an ecosystem.", "Ecological systems are studied at several different levels, from individuals and populations to ecosystems and the biosphere.", "The term population biology is often used interchangeably with population ecology, although \"population biology\" is more frequently used when studying diseases, viruses, and microbes, while population ecology is more commonly used when studying plants and animals.", "Ecology draws on many subdisciplines.", "Ethology studies animal behavior (particularly that of social animals such as primates and canids), and is sometimes considered a branch of zoology.", "Ethologists have been particularly concerned with the evolution of behavior and the understanding of behavior in terms of the theory of natural selection.", "In one sense, the first modern ethologist was Charles Darwin, whose book, \"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals,\" influenced many ethologists to come.", "Biogeography studies the spatial distribution of organisms on the Earth, focusing on topics like plate tectonics, climate change, dispersal and migration, and cladistics." ]

[ 0 ]

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[ " 2009: People's Choice Award for \"Favorite New TV Drama\"", " 2009: Simon Baker received a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Drama Series", " 2009: nomination for The International TV Dagger at the Crime Thriller Awards, an awards ceremony presented by the British Crime Writers' Association", " 2010: Simon Baker received a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama", " 2010: Simon Baker received a nomination for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series", " 2010: award for its scientific and critical thinking content, from The IIG during its 10th Anniversary Gala; accepted by Editor Jim Gadd", " 2014: nomination for a People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Crime Drama" ]

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[ "The Sassanid era was an important and influential historical period in Iran as Iranian culture influenced China, India and Roman civilization considerably, and so influenced as far as Western Europe and Africa.", "This influence played a prominent role in the formation of both Asiatic and European medieval art.", "This influence carried forward to the Islamic world.", "Much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture and the sciences were based on some of the practises taken from the Sassanid Persians to the broader Muslim world.", "Daily life in modern Iran is closely interwoven with Shia Islam and the country's art, literature, and architecture are an ever-present reminder of its deep national tradition and of a broader literary culture.", "The state-owned Telecommunication Company of Iran handles telecommunications.", "The media of Iran is a mixture of private and state-owned, but books and movies must be approved by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance before being released to the public.", "Iran originally received access to the internet in 1993, and it has become enormously popular among the Iranian youth.", "Iran is now the world's fourth largest country of bloggers." ]

[ 2 ]

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[ "Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil), and its flora and fauna is a mixture of Asian and Australasian species.", "The islands of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) were once linked to the Asian mainland, and have a wealth of Asian fauna.", "Large species such as the tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, elephant, and leopard, were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically.", "Forests cover approximately 60% of the country.", "In Sumatra and Kalimantan, these are predominantly of Asian species.", "However, the forests of the smaller, and more densely populated Java, have largely been removed for human habitation and agriculture.", "Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku – having been long separated from the continental landmasses—have developed their own unique flora and fauna.", "Papua was part of the Australian landmass, and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species.", "Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic.", "Indonesia's of coastline are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity.", "Indonesia has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems.", "Indonesia is one of Coral Triangle countries with the world's greatest diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia only.", "The British naturalist, Alfred Wallace, described a dividing line between the distribution and peace of Indonesia's Asian and Australasian species.", "Known as the Wallace Line, it runs roughly north-south along the edge of the Sunda Shelf, between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait, between Lombok and Bali.", "West of the line the flora and fauna are more Asian; moving east from Lombok, they are increasingly Australian.", "In his 1869 book, \"The Malay Archipelago\", Wallace described numerous species unique to the area.", "The region of islands between his line and New Guinea is now termed Wallacea.", "Indonesia's high population and rapid industrialization present serious environmental issues, which are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance.", "Issues include large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires causing heavy smog over parts of western Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; over-exploitation of marine resources; and environmental problems associated with rapid urbanization and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services.", "Deforestation and the destruction of peatlands make Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases.", "Habitat destruction threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species, including 140 species of mammals identified by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as threatened, and 15 identified as critically endangered, including Bali Starling, Sumatran Orangutan, and Javan Rhinoceros.", "Much of Indonesia's deforestation is caused by forest clearing for the palm oil Industry, which has cleared 18 million hectares of forest for palm oil expansion.", "Palm oil expansion requires land reallocation as well as changes to the local and natural ecosystems.", "Palm oil expansion can generate wealth for local communities if done right.", "If down wrong it can degrade ecosystems and cause social conflicts." ]

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[ "In 1956, Cher Yam Tian and her husband Lim Choo Ngee began selling stir-fried crabs mixed with bottled chilli and tomato sauce from a pushcart.", "This was an improvised recipe; the original one did not involve bottled chilli sauce.", "A successful business selling this dish prompted the establishment of a non-mobile restaurant situated in Palm Beach.", "In September 2009, Ng Yen Yen, Malaysia's Tourism Minister, controversially claimed that, among other dishes, that \"Chilli crab is Malaysian\", accusing \"other countries\" of \"hijacking our food\".", "Evidence supporting her claim has yet to be put forth." ]

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[ "Year-end media picks.", "\"Gangnam Style\" was ranked No.", "25 on the \"Rolling Stone\"s 50 best songs of 2012 list and No.", "8 on \"SPIN\"s 40 best songs of the year.", "The song also took the No.", "8 spot on the 2012 \"Billboard\" 20 best K-Pop songs list by Jeff Benjamin and Jessica Oak, who commented \"song stands out not only for its slick, electronic production but also for its deeper critique on high-class society.\"", "According to MTV's list of the 2012 best songs, the song was ranked No.", "8 with MTV news staff James Montgomery's comment: \"'Gangnam' is either the track we, as a culture needed right now, or the track we, as a culture, deserved\".", "\"TIME\" magazine chose it as the second best song of 2012 after Usher's \"Climax\", writing \"The YouTube meme, a good-natured, mind-bendingly catchy lampoon [...] turned into a global obsession\".", "The song was one of the best songs of the year on \"The New York Times\" pop critics' list and \"E!", "Online\"s No.", "1 pick on the top 10 pop songs of 2012 list.", "Digital Spy ranked the song No.", "20 among the 20 best singles of the year.", "It was voted the 12th best single of 2012 by \"The Village Voice\"s 40th annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll.", "Music critic Robert Christgau placed \"Gangnam Style\" as the No.", "2 single on his 2012 Dean's List." ]

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[ "As of 2012, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by three licensed-commercial nuclear power plants.", "Pakistan is the first Muslim country in the world to construct and operate civil nuclear power plants.", "The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for operating these power plants.", "As of 2012, the electricity generated by commercial nuclear power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel, ~33% from hydroelectric power and ~0.3% from coal.", "Pakistan is one of the four nuclear armed states (along with India, Israel, and North Korea) that is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but is a member in good standing of the International Atomic Energy Agency.", "The People's Republic of China has been a strong vocal and avid supporter of Pakistan's nuclear power generation programme from early on.", "In 2005, both Pakistan government and the Chinese government adopted an Energy Security Plan, calling for a huge increase in generating capacity to more than 160,000 MWe by 2030.", "Pakistan Government plans for lifting nuclear capacity to 8800 MWe, 900 MWe of it by 2015 and a further 1500 MWe by 2020.", "In June 2008, the Pakistani Government announced plans to build commercial nuclear power plants III and IV commercial nuclear power plants at Chashma, Punjab Province, each with 320–340 MWe and costing PKR 129 billion, 80 billion of this from international sources, principally China.", "A further agreement for China's help with the project was signed in October 2008, and given prominence as a counter to the US–India agreement shortly preceding it.", "Cost quoted then was US$ 1.7 billion, with a foreign loan component of $1.07 billion." ]

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[ "\"Jingle Bell Rock\" is a popular Christmas song first released by Bobby Helms in 1958.", "It has received frequent airplay in the United States during every Christmas time since then.", "\"Jingle Bell Rock\" was composed by Joseph Carleton Beal (1900–1967), and James Ross Boothe (1917–1976).", "Beal was a Massachusetts-born public relations man and longtime resident of South Ocean Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Boothe was a Texan writer in the advertising business." ]

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[ "Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on \"The Graham Norton Show\".", "She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections \"Rolling in the Deep\", \"Don't You Remember\" and \"Take It All\".", "Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.", "FX used \"Set Fire to the Rain\" to promote the final season of \"Rescue Me\" and the show's series finale.", "The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series \"Ringer\" and \"Revenge,\" which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.", "It was also used as an \"insert theme\" on the 2012 Fuji TV series \"Iki mo dekinai natsu.\"" ]

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[ "Physics (from , from \"phúsis\" \"nature\") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.", "More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.", "Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.", "Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.", "Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined.", "New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.", "Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs.", "For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus." ]

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[ "Stonehenge was produced by a culture that left no written records.", "Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate.", "This multiplicity of theories, some of them very colourful, are often called the \"mystery of Stonehenge\".", "A number of myths surround the stones.", "There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders.", "Over the years, various authors have suggested that supernatural or anachronistic methods were used, usually asserting that the stones were impossible to move otherwise.", "However, conventional techniques, using Neolithic technology as basic as shear legs, have been demonstrably effective at moving and placing stones of a similar size.", "Proposed functions for the site include usage as an astronomical observatory or as a religious site.", "More recently two major new theories have been proposed.", "Professor Geoffrey Wainwright OBE, FSA, president of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and Professor Timothy Darvill, OBE of Bournemouth University have suggested that Stonehenge was a place of healing – the primeval equivalent of Lourdes.", "They argue that this accounts for the high number of burials in the area and for the evidence of trauma deformity in some of the graves.", "However they do concede that the site was probably multifunctional and used for ancestor worship as well.", "Isotope analysis indicates that some of the buried individuals were from other regions.", "A teenage boy buried approximately 1550 BC was raised near the Mediterranean Sea; a metal worker from 2300 BC dubbed the \"Amesbury Archer\" grew up near the alpine foothills of Germany; and the \"Boscombe Bowmen\" probably arrived from Wales or Brittany, France.", "On the other hand, Professor Mike Parker Pearson of Sheffield University has suggested that Stonehenge was part of a ritual landscape and was joined to Durrington Walls by their corresponding avenues and the River Avon.", "He suggests that the area around Durrington Walls Henge was a place of the living, whilst Stonehenge was a domain of the dead.", "A journey along the Avon to reach Stonehenge was part of a ritual passage from life to death, to celebrate past ancestors and the recently deceased.", "Both explanations were first mooted in the 12th century by Geoffrey of Monmouth (below), who extolled the curative properties of the stones and was also the first to advance the idea that Stonehenge was constructed as a funerary monument.", "Whatever religious, mystical or spiritual elements were central to Stonehenge, its design includes a celestial observatory function, which might have allowed prediction of eclipse, solstice, equinox and other celestial events important to a contemporary religion.", "Another theory, brought forth in 2012, suggests that the monument was intended to unify the different peoples of the British island.", "This theory suggests that the massive amount of labour involved in the construction of Stonehenge necessitated inter-regional cooperation, especially as many of the stones were moved over very long distances, for example from quarries in Wales." ]

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[ " 1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris), orders the original cathedral demolished.", " 1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre-Dame de Paris, construction begins.", " 1182 Apse and choir completed.", " 1196 Bishop Maurice de Sully dies.", " c.1200 Work begins on western facade.", " 1208 Bishop Eudes de Sully dies.", "Nave vaults nearing completion.", " 1225 Western facade completed.", " 1250 Western towers and north rose window completed.", " c.1245–1260s Transepts remodelled in the Rayonnant style by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil", " 1250–1345 Remaining elements completed" ]

[ 2 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Physics (from , from \"phúsis\" \"nature\") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.", "More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.", "Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.", "Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.", "Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined.", "New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.", "Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs.", "For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 3 ]

[ "An individual piece of bacon is a 'slice' or 'strip'.", "In Canada:", " The term bacon on its own or, more specifically, side bacon typically refers to bacon from the pig's belly.", " Back bacon refers to either smoked or unsmoked bacon cut from the boneless eye of pork loin; this is called 'Canadian bacon' in the United States.", " Peameal bacon is back bacon, brined and coated in fine cornmeal (historically, it was rolled in a meal made from ground dried peas)." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "Adana kebabı (or kıyma kebabı) is a long, hand-minced meat kebab mounted on a wide iron skewer and grilled over charcoal.", "It is generally \"hot\" or piquant.", "A \"less hot\" version is generally called urfa kebabı." ]

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[ "The same procedure as used on acid medium is applied, for example on balancing using electron ion method to complete combustion of propane.", "\"Unbalanced reaction\": C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O", "\"Reduction\": 4 H+ + O2 + 4 e– → 2 H2O", "\"Oxidation\": 6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+", "As in acid and basic medium, electrons which were used to compensate oxidation changes are multiplied to opposite half reactions, thus solving the equation.", "20 H+ + 5 O2 + 20 e– → 10 H2O", "6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+", "Equation balanced:", "C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O" ]

[ 0 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "Between two thirds and three quarters of the population live in urban areas.", "Switzerland has gone from a largely rural country to an urban one in just 70 years.", "Since 1935 urban development has claimed as much of the Swiss landscape as it did during the previous 2,000 years.", "This urban sprawl does not only affect the plateau but also the Jura and the Alpine foothills and there are growing concerns about land use.", "However from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.", "Switzerland has a dense network of cities, where large, medium and small cities are complementary.", "The plateau is very densely populated with about 450 people per km2 and the landscape continually shows signs of man's presence.", "The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase.", "In international comparison the importance of these urban areas is stronger than their number of inhabitants suggests.", "In addition the two main centers of Zürich and Geneva are recognized for their particularly great quality of life." ]

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[ "For the first two weeks of filming the contestants stay in \"Villa De La Vina,\" a , six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California.", "The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road.", "As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million.", "For the third and remaining episodes are the contestants have filmed around the world.", "Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Korea to name just a few.", "The Agoura Hills, California mansion was not used during a few seasons including season 7 that was filmed New York City, where Charlie O'Connell, who had appeared in \"Sliders\" with his brother Jerry O'Connell, lived, Paris, France for season 8; Rome, Italy for season 9, where Lorenzo Borghese lived who is half-Italian. " ]

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[ "\"Call Me Maybe\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen for her EP \"Curiosity\" (2012) and appearing on her international debut album, \"Kiss\".", "The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre was modified to pop following the production by Josh Ramsay.", "It was released as the lead single from the EP on September 20, 2011, through 604 Records.", "Jepsen was signed to Schoolboy Records, releasing her single in the United States through the label, as the first single from \"Kiss\".", "Musically, \"Call Me Maybe\" is an upbeat teen pop track that draws influences from dance-pop and disco.", "Lyrically, the track alludes to the inconvenience that a love at first sight brings to a girl who hopes for a call back from a crush.", "The song received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised its composition and clever lyrical content .", "\"Call Me Maybe\" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, while peaking inside the top three in Austria, Belgium (Flanders & Wallonia), Germany, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden.", "After reaching the top position on the Canadian Hot 100, Jepsen became only the fifth Canadian artist to do so in her home country since 2007.", "In the United States, the track reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the Pop Songs chart.", "The song is the first number one by a Canadian female artist on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart since 2007's \"Girlfriend\" by Avril Lavigne.", "An accompanying music video was directed by Ben Knechtel.", "In it, Jepsen seeks the attention of an attractive boy next door who is revealed at the close of the story to be attracted to a male band member.", "As part of promotion for the song, Jepsen performed the track on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\", where she made her US television debut, and at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards.", "\"Call Me Maybe\" has been covered by several artists, including Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Miranda Cosgrove, Dan Deacon, Fun, Big Time Rush, The Chipettes, R5, Lil' Wayne, Enter Shikari, Ben Howard, Cody Simpson, The Saturdays, and parodied by Cookie Monster and some of the news staff of National Public Radio.", "It was also covered on \"The New Rachel\", the season premiere episode of the fourth season of \"Glee\".", "\"Call Me Maybe\" was nominated for two Grammy Awards, for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Annual ceremony, but lost to \"We Are Young\" by Fun and the live performance of \"Set Fire to the Rain\" by Adele, respectively.", "On December 11, 2012, \"Call Me Maybe\" was named \"Song of the Year\" for 2012 by MTV.", "In its 2012 Year-End issue, \"Billboard\" magazine ranked this song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts, in each case behind \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", by Gotye featuring Kimbra.", "The song was also ranked number one by the Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop poll, which compiles the votes of music critics from all over the United States.", "The song was the best-selling single worldwide in 2012, selling over 10 million copies in that year alone, and the best-selling single on the iTunes Store in 2012.", "With worldwide sales of over 13 million copies as of May 2013, \"Call Me Maybe\" was the best-selling digital single of 2012, and is also one of the best-selling digital singles and one of the best-selling singles of all time, with sales in the 10-14.99 million bracket." ]

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[ "Recording", "Recorded at Black Rock Studio Santorini, Santorini, Greece, and Patriot Studios, Denver, Colorado", "Mastered at Sterling Sound, New York", "Personnel", "Songwriting – Ryan Tedder", "Production – Ryan Tedder, Noel Zancanella", "Engineering – Smith Carlson", "Assistant engineering – Matthew Tryba", "Harp – HarpEri", "Backing vocals — Bobbie Gordon, Brent Kutzle, Zach Filkins, David McGlohon", "Mixing – Joe Zook", "Assistant mix engineering – Ryan Lipman", "Mastering – Chris Gehringer, Will Quinnell" ]

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[ "The Colosseum and its activities supported a substantial industry in the area.", "In addition to the amphitheatre itself, many other buildings nearby were linked to the games.", "Immediately to the east is the remains of the \"Ludus Magnus\", a training school for gladiators.", "This was connected to the Colosseum by an underground passage, to allow easy access for the gladiators.", "The \"Ludus Magnus\" had its own miniature training arena, which was itself a popular attraction for Roman spectators.", "Other training schools were in the same area, including the \"Ludus Matutinus\" (Morning School), where fighters of animals were trained, plus the Dacian and Gallic Schools.", "Also nearby were the \"Armamentarium\", comprising an armory to store weapons; the \"Summum Choragium\", where machinery was stored; the \"Sanitarium\", which had facilities to treat wounded gladiators; and the \"Spoliarium\", where bodies of dead gladiators were stripped of their armor and disposed of.", "Around the perimeter of the Colosseum, at a distance of 18 m (59 ft) from the perimeter, was a series of tall stone posts, with five remaining on the eastern side.", "Various explanations have been advanced for their presence; they may have been a religious boundary, or an outer boundary for ticket checks, or an anchor for the \"velarium\" or awning.", "Right next to the Colosseum is also the Arch of Constantine." ]

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[ " Birds:", "The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.", "This was regarded as the first official list and was published in \"Forest and Stream\" on June 10, 1886.", "An article in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.", "Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.", "The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.", "Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.", "One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.", "He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.", "Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.", "In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.", " Mammals", "* Raccoon (\"Procyon lotor\"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.", "* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel (\"Sciurus carolinensis\"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.", "* Eastern Chipmunk (\"Tamias striatus\"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.", "* Virginia Opossum (\"Didelphis virginiana\"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.", " Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede (\"Nannarrup hoffmani\") was discovered in Central Park.", "At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world." ]

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[ "The closer the fins are placed towards the centre of the wakeboard, the quicker and better the wakeboard releases from the wake.", "The farther out towards the tip and tail they are placed, the longer the wakeboard will stay hooked into the wake and it won’t release as well.", "Long based finsTheir effect is almost the same as a short fin with a long base because they have a similar amount of surface area.", "Long-based fins release better, give the wakeboard a loose, snowboard-like feel when riding flat through the water, and they hold up better on rails and ramps.", "Moulded finsThese are just big channels in the board that act like fins and hold up on rails and ramps.", "Moulded fins are slippery, but most boards have a removable centre fin.", "Multi-finned set-upsThese capture the maximum edge hold and aggressiveness into the wake and through the wake.", "Canted side finsThese are fins that lean out on an angle.", "These fins are not as active when the wakeboard is riding flat through the water, but the more the rider leans on edge, the more the wakeboard hooks up.", "The inside fin digs while the outside lifts, creating leverage to help the wakeboard edge hard.", "Great for 50-50 grinds, nose presses and tail presses.", "Cupped side finsThey have the same effect as canted fins but add more of a push-pull effect.", "The cupped fin allows for the use of a smaller fin but still gets the hold of a bigger fin due to the increased surface area of the cupped side of the fin.", "These fins are very deceiving – they look small and loose but really aren’t.", "No FinsSome riders prefer to ride finless, as some boards are specifically designed for cable parks or other uses, some uses of which can benefit from a finless design." ]

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[ "Lacrosse has been played for the most part in Canada and the United States, with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in the United Kingdom and Australia.", "Recently, however, lacrosse has begun to flourish at an international level, with teams being established particularly in Europe and east Asia.", "With lacrosse not having been an official Olympic sport since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the quadrennial World Championships.", "Begun in 1968, world championships began as a four-team invitational tournament sponsored by the International Lacrosse Federation.", "Until 1986, lacrosse world championships had been contested only by the US, Canada, England, and Australia.", "Scotland and Wales had teams competing in the women's edition.", "They are now held for lacrosse at senior men, senior women, under 19 men and under 19 women levels.", "With the expansion of the game internationally, the 2006 Men's World Championship was contested by 21 countries and the Iroquois Nationals, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.", "They are the only Native American/First Nations team to compete internationally.", "The 2009 Women's World Cup was competed for by 16 nations.", "In 2003, the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship was contested by six nations at four sites in Ontario.", "Canada won the championship in a final game against the Iroquois Nationals, 21-4.", "The 2007 WILC was held in Halifax from May 14–20, and also won by Canada.", "Competition included the Iroquois Nationals and teams from Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Ireland, Scotland, and the United States.", "The World Lacrosse Championships have been dominated by the United States, particularly in the men's game.", "Its only world championship game losses at either level was in the 1978 final and 2006 final, both to Canada.", "The USA has won 9 of the 11 senior men's and all six under-19 men's tournaments to date.", "In the women's game, Australia has provided stiffer competition, having won 6 of 14 games against the USA at senior world championships, including one draw.", "The USA has won 6 of the 8 senior women's, and 2 of the 3 under-19 women's tournaments to date, with the other world championships won by Australia.", "The Iroquois Nationals are a team with members representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.", "The team was admitted to the International Lacrosse Federation (ILF) in 1990.", "It is the only First Nations team sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally.", "The Nationals placed fourth in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Lacrosse Championships.", "In 2008, the Iroquois were admitted as the Haudenosunee Nation to the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations (IFWLA), since merged with the FIL (see below)." ]

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[ "\"Can't Smile Without You\" is a song written by Christian Arnold, David Martin, and Geoff Morrow, best known in its rendition by Barry Manilow.", "\"Can't Smile Without You\" was the first single to be released from Manilow's album \"Even Now\".", "The song was released as a single in 1978 where it reached the number one spot on Billboard's AC chart, and the number three spot on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Previously, the song was recorded by The Carpenters on their album \"A Kind of Hush\" in 1976, and was featured as the B-side of their hit \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" the following year.", "Manilow's version had slightly different lyrics from the Carpenters, such as the Carpenters's line \"I can't laugh and I can't walk / I'm finding it hard even to talk,\" was changed in Manilow's version to \"I can't laugh and I can't sing / I'm finding it hard to do anything\" (the latter is likely the original lyric, changed by the Carpenters because the lyric \"I can't sing\" when being sung makes no sense).", "The Carpenters remixed the song for the B-side of \"Calling Occupants\" in September 1977, again revising the lyric to read \"I can't laugh and I can't sleep / I don't even talk to people I meet\".", "Additional orchestration was also included in the remix.", "A version on Manilow's greatest hits box set, \"The Complete Collection and Then Some...\" combines the first half of Take 1 with the double-tracked second half of his released version.", "Engelbert Humperdinck released the song, using the same lyrics as the original Carpenters version, on his After the Lovin' album, 1976.", "On behalf of the songwriters, publishing company Dick James Music sued George Michael for plagiarism in the mid-'80s, claiming that the 1984 Wham!", "single \"Last Christmas\" lifted its melody from \"Can't Smile Without You.\"", "The case was settled out of court.", "In 2010 George Michael was publicly cleared of all charges.", "Jerry Lewis often sings the song on his annual Muscular Dystrophy Association telethon, with altered lyrics that speak of the need for the viewers to call in their pledge.", "The song has appeared in such films as \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\", ', \"Unconditional Love\", \"Starsky & Hutch\", ' and \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\".", "In 2008, there was an attempt by Tottenham Hotspur F.C.", "supporters following their League Cup win to get the song to Number One, as they see this song as being a part of the club, with the words \"Can't Smile Without You\" being seen on many flags, banners, and websites as a slogan to the club.", "In 2010, GP Maxine Brooks released the song as a charity single for Nurse's Aid, supporting wounded soldiers and in memory of a WWI heroine." ]

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[ "Screenwriter Jim Uhls started working on an early draft of the adapted screenplay, which excluded a voice-over because the industry perceived at the time that the technique was \"hackneyed and trite\".", "When Fincher joined the film, he thought that the film should have a voice-over, believing that the film's humor came from the narrator's voice.", "The director described the film without a voice-over as seemingly \"sad and pathetic\".", "Fincher and Uhls revised the script for six to seven months and by 1997 had a third draft that reordered the story and left out several major elements.", "When Pitt was cast, he was concerned that his character, Tyler Durden, was too one-dimensional.", "Fincher sought the advice of writer-director Cameron Crowe, who suggested giving the character more ambiguity.", "Fincher also hired screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker for assistance.", "The director invited Pitt and Norton to help revise the script, and the group drafted five revisions in the course of a year.", "Chuck Palahniuk praised the faithful film adaptation of his novel and applauded how the film's plot was more streamlined than the book's.", "Palahniuk recalled how the writers debated if film audiences would believe the plot twist from the novel.", "Fincher supported including the twist, arguing, \"If they accept everything up to this point, they'll accept the plot twist.", "If they're still in the theater, they'll stay with it.\"", "Palahniuk's novel also contained homoerotic overtones, which the director included in the film to make audiences uncomfortable and accentuate the surprise of the film's twists.", "The bathroom scene where Tyler Durden bathes next to the narrator is an example of the overtones; the line, \"I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer we need,\" was meant to suggest personal responsibility rather than homosexuality.", "Another example is the scene at the beginning of the film in which Tyler Durden puts a gun barrel down the narrator's mouth.", "The narrator finds redemption at the end of the film by rejecting Tyler Durden's dialectic, a path that diverged from the novel's ending in which the narrator is placed in a mental institution.", "Norton drew parallels between redemption in the film and redemption in \"The Graduate\", indicating that the protagonists of both films find a middle ground between two divisions of self.", "Fincher considered the novel too infatuated with Tyler Durden and changed the ending to move away from him: \"I wanted people to love Tyler, but I also wanted them to be OK with his vanquishing.\"" ]

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[ "Critical reaction.", "Todd McCarthy of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" gave a positive review of the film, remarking, \"It's clamorous, the save-the-world story is one everyone's seen time and again, and the characters have been around for more than half a century in 500 comic book issues.", "But Whedon and his cohorts have managed to stir all the personalities and ingredients together so that the resulting dish, however familiar, is irresistibly tasty again.\"", "To \"Rolling Stone\" journalist Peter Travers, the film epitomized an exceptional blockbuster.", "\"It's also the blockbuster,\" Travers said, \"I saw in my head when I imagined a movie that brought together the idols of the Marvel world in one shiny, stupendously exciting package.", "It's \"Transformers\" with a brain, a heart and a working sense of humor.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote, \"Like a superior, state-of-the-art model built from reconstituted parts, Joss Whedon's buoyant, witty and robustly entertaining superhero smash-up is escapism of a sophisticated order, boasting a tonal assurance and rich reserves of humor that offset the potentially lumbering and unavoidably formulaic aspects of this 143-minute team-origin story.\"", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" complimented the film's frenetic pace, while Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" commented that it \"provides its fans with exactly what they desire.", "Whether it is exactly what they deserve is arguable\".", "Conversely, A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" believed that \"while \"The Avengers\" is hardly worth raging about, its failures are significant and dispiriting.", "The light, amusing bits cannot overcome the grinding, hectic emptiness, the bloated cynicism that is less a shortcoming of this particular film than a feature of the genre.", "\"The performances of several cast members was a frequent topic in the critiques.", "In particular, Mark Ruffalo's portrayal of Dr. Bruce Banner/the Hulk was well-received by commentators.", "Joe Neumaier opined that his performance was superior to the rest of the cast; \"Ruffalo is the revelation, turning Banner into a wry reservoir of calm ready to become a volcano.\"", "Similarly, \"The New Yorker\" Anthony Lane proclaimed Ruffalo's acting to be one of the film's highlights—alongside Downey.", "\"The Village Voice\" Karina Longworth concluded: \"Ruffalo successfully refreshes the Hulk myth, playing Banner as an adorably bashful nerd-genius who, in contrast to the preening hunks on the team, knows better than to draw attention to himself.\"", "Travers asserted that the actor resonated a \"scruffy warmth and humor\" vibe, while Turan felt that he surpassed predecessors Edward Norton and Eric Bana in playing the character.", "Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote that \"the smartest thing the filmmakers did was to get Mark Ruffalo to play Bruce Banner as a man so sensitive that he's at war, every moment, with himself.", "(The film finally solves the Hulk problem: He's a lot more fun in small doses.", ")\"Referring to Downey, Joe Morgenstein of \"The Wall Street Journal\"—despite complimenting Downey's performance—favored his work in \"Iron Man\" over his acting in \"The Avengers\": \"His Iron Man is certainly a team player, but Mr. Downey comes to the party with two insuperable superpowers: a character of established sophistication—the industrialist/inventor Tony Stark, a sharp-tongued man of the world—and his own quicksilver presence that finds its finest expression in self-irony.\"", "Neumaier praised Evans, stating that he accurately conveyed his character's internal conflicts.", "Commentators appreciated the character development and dialogue.", "Associated Press reviewer Christy Lemire wrote that the script \"sparkles as brightly as the special effects; these people may be wearing ridiculous costumes but they're well fleshed-out underneath.\"", "Scott suggested that certain parts of the film permeated a charm that he felt was similar to the western film \"Rio Bravo\" (1959).", "Longworth felt that while Whedon's script demonstrated the backstory of the characters, the film does not explore it \"in a substantive way\"." ]

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[ "Hamburgers in the UK and Ireland are very similar to their US cousins, and the High Street is dominated by the same big two chains as in the U.S. — McDonald's and Burger King.", "The menus offered to both countries are virtually identical, although portion sizes tend to be smaller in the UK.", "In Ireland the food outlet Supermacs is widespread throughout the country serving burgers as part of its menu.", "In Ireland, Abrakebabra (started out selling kebabs) and Eddie Rocket's are also major chains.", "An original and indigenous rival to the big two U.S. giants was the quintessentially British fast-food chain Wimpy, originally known as Wimpy Bar (opened 1954 at the Lyon’s Corner House in Coventry Street London), which served its hamburgers on a plate with British-style chips, accompanied by cutlery and delivered to the customer's table.", "In the late 1970s, to compete with McDonald's, Wimpy began to open American-style counter-service restaurants and the brand disappeared from many UK high streets when those restaurants were re-branded as Burger Kings between 1989–90 by the then-owner of both brands, Grand Metropolitan.", "A management buyout in 1990 split the brands again and now Wimpy table-service restaurants can still be found in many town centers whilst new counter-service Wimpys are now often found at motorway service stations.", "Hamburgers are also available from mobile kiosks, particularly at outdoor events such as football matches.", "Burgers from this type of outlet are usually served without any form of salad — only fried onions and a choice of tomato ketchup, mustard or brown sauce.", "Chip shops, particularly in the West Midlands, North-East, Scotland and Ireland, serve battered hamburgers called batter burgers.", "This is where the burger patty, by itself, is deep-fat-fried in batter and is usually served with chips.", "Hamburgers and veggie burgers served with chips and salad, are standard pub grub menu items.", "Many pubs specialize in \"gourmet\" burgers.", "These are usually high quality minced steak patties, topped with items such as blue cheese, brie, avocado et cetera.", "Some British pubs serve burger patties made from more exotic meats including venison burgers (sometimes nicknamed Bambi Burgers), bison burgers, ostrich burgers and in some Australian themed pubs even kangaroo burgers can be purchased.", "These burgers are served in a similar way to the traditional hamburger but are sometimes served with a different sauce including redcurrant sauce, mint sauce and plum sauce.", "In the early 21st century \"premium\" hamburger chain and independent restaurants have arisen, selling burgers produced from meat stated to be of high quality and often organic, usually served to eat on the premises rather than to take away.", "Chains include Gourmet Burger Kitchen, Ultimate Burger, Hamburger Union and Byron Hamburgers in London.", "Independent restaurants such as Meatmarket and Dirty Burger developed a style of rich, juicy burger in 2012 which is known as a \"dirty burger\" or \"third-wave burger\".", "In recent years Rustlers has sold pre-cooked hamburgers re-heat able in a microwave oven in the United Kingdom.", "In the UK, as in North America and Japan, the term \"burger\" can refer simply to the patty, be it beef, some other kind of meat, or vegetarian." ]

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[ "In 2003, punk rock band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes covered the song for their album \"Take a Break\".", "American singer William Hung recorded this song for his 2004 album \"Inspiration\".", "Saxophonist Marion Meadows also covered the song from the album \"Dressed to Chill.\"", "American singer and actress Patti Labelle sang the chorus of the song on her 1998 live album \"Live One Night Only\" as an addition to her signature tune \"Over the Rainbow\".", "American singer and actress Jessica Simpson sang the song on her DreamChaser Tour in 2001.", "The song has also been covered by Etta James, Yolanda Adams (in a duet with Gerald Levert), Ruth Brown, James Ingram, Ronan Keating, Bianca Ryan, and formerly of Woe, Is Me Tyler Carter.", "\"American Idol\" candidates Katharine McPhee, Anwar Robinson, Aaron Kelly, Curtis Finch Jr., and Jacob Lusk all performed the song in different seasons of the TV show.", "The song was covered by Tim Olstad on season 3 of the X-Factor USA." ]

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[ "The second line of development pursued by the Manhattan Project used the fissile element plutonium.", "Although small amounts of plutonium exist in nature, the best way to obtain large quantities of the element is in a nuclear reactor, in which natural uranium is bombarded by neutrons.", "The uranium-238 is transmuted into uranium-239, which rapidly decays, first into neptunium-239 and then into plutonium-239.", "Only a small amount of the uranium-238 will be transformed, so the plutonium must be chemically separated from the remaining uranium, from any initial impurities, and from fission products." ]

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[ "In addition to being a major source of variation, mutation may also function as a mechanism of evolution when there are different probabilities at the molecular level for different mutations to occur, a process known as mutation bias.", "If two genotypes, for example one with the nucleotide G and another with the nucleotide A in the same position, have the same fitness, but mutation from G to A happens more often than mutation from A to G, then genotypes with A will tend to evolve.", "Different insertion vs. deletion mutation biases in different taxa can lead to the evolution of different genome sizes.", "Developmental or mutational biases have also been observed in morphological evolution.", "For example, according to the phenotype-first theory of evolution, mutations can eventually cause the genetic assimilation of traits that were previously induced by the environment.", "Mutation bias effects are superimposed on other processes.", "If selection would favor either one out of two mutations, but there is no extra advantage to having both, then the mutation that occurs the most frequently is the one that is most likely to become fixed in a population.", "Mutations leading to the loss of function of a gene are much more common than mutations that produce a new, fully functional gene.", "Most loss of function mutations are selected against.", "But when selection is weak, mutation bias towards loss of function can affect evolution.", "For example, pigments are no longer useful when animals live in the darkness of caves, and tend to be lost.", "This kind of loss of function can occur because of mutation bias, and/or because the function had a cost, and once the benefit of the function disappeared, natural selection leads to the loss.", "Loss of sporulation ability in a bacterium during laboratory evolution appears to have been caused by mutation bias, rather than natural selection against the cost of maintaining sporulation ability.", "When there is no selection for loss of function, the speed at which loss evolves depends more on the mutation rate than it does on the effective population size, indicating that it is driven more by mutation bias than by genetic drift." ]

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[ "The dissolutions in Ireland followed a very different course from those in England and Wales.", "There were around 400 religious houses in Ireland in 1530—many more, relative to population and material wealth than in England and Wales.", "In marked distinction to the situation in England, in Ireland the houses of friars had flourished in the 15th century, attracting popular support and financial endowments, undertaking many ambitious building schemes, and maintaining a regular conventual and spiritual life.", "They constituted around half of the total number of religious houses.", "Irish monasteries, by contrast, had experienced a catastrophic decline in numbers, such that by the 16th century only a minority maintained the daily observance of the Divine Office.", "Henry's direct authority, as Lord of Ireland and from 1541 as King of Ireland, only extended to the area of the Pale immediately around Dublin.", "Outside this area, he could only proceed by tactical agreement with clan chiefs and local lords.", "Nevertheless, Henry was determined to carry through a policy of dissolution in Ireland—and in 1537 introduced legislation into the Irish Parliament to legalise the closure of monasteries.", "The process faced considerable opposition, and only sixteen houses were suppressed.", "Henry remained resolute however, and from 1541 as part of the Tudor conquest of Ireland he continued to press for the area of successful dissolution to be extended.", "For the most part, this involved making deals with local lords, under which monastic property was granted away in exchange for allegiance to the new Irish Crown; and consequently Henry acquired little if any of the wealth of the Irish houses.", "By the time of Henry's death (1547) around half of the Irish houses had been suppressed; but many continued to resist dissolution until well into the reign of Elizabeth I, and some houses in the West of Ireland remained active until the early 17th century.", "In 1649, Oliver Cromwell led a Parliamentary army seeking to subjugate Ireland, and systematically sought out and destroyed former monastic houses.", "Subsequently, however, sympathetic landowners housed monks or friars close to several ruined religious houses, allowing them a continued covert existence during the 17th and 18th centuries, subject to the dangers of discovery and legal ejection or imprisonment." ]

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[ "The life expectancy at birth in the UAE is at 78.5 years.", "Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death in the UAE, constituting 28% of total deaths; other major causes are accidents and injuries, malignancies, and congenital anomalies.", "In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities.", "The strategy focuses on unifyinghealthcare policy and improving access to healthcare services at reasonable cost, at the same time reducing dependence on overseas treatment.", "The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86.", "Nine were scheduled to open in 2008.", "The introduction of mandatory health insurance in Abu Dhabi for expatriates and their dependants was a major driver in reform of healthcare policy.", "Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees.", "Eventually, under federal law, every Emirati and expatriate in the country will be covered by compulsory health insurance under a unified mandatory scheme.", "Recently the country has been benefiting from medical tourists from all over the GCC.", "The UAE currently attracts medical tourists seeking plastic surgery and advanced procedures, cardiac and spinal surgery, and dental treatment, as health services have higher standards than other Arab countries in the Persian Gulf." ]

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[ "Since the 1970s, sports clubs and federations are organised separately within each language community.", "Association football is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo.", "Belgians hold the most Tour de France victories of any country except France.", "They have also the most victories on the UCI Road World Championships.", "Philippe Gilbert is the 2012 world champion.", "Another modern well-known Belgian cyclist is Tom Boonen.", "With five victories in the Tour de France and numerous other cycling records, Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx is regarded as one of the greatest cyclists of all time.", "Jean-Marie Pfaff, a former Belgian goalkeeper, is considered one of the greatest in the history of football (soccer).", "Belgium and The Netherlands previously hosted the UEFA European Football Championship in 2000.", "Belgium hosted the 1972 European Football Championships.", "The current Belgium football team have qualified for the 2014 world cup in Brazil and have a range of Premier League footbal players such as Romelu Lukaku, Eden Hazard and Marouane Fellaini.", "Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin both were Player of the Year in the Women's Tennis Association as they were ranked the number one female tennis player.", "The Spa-Francorchamps motor-racing circuit hosts the Formula One World Championship Belgian Grand Prix.", "The Belgian driver, Jacky Ickx, won eight Grands Prix and six 24 Hours of Le Mans and finished twice as runner-up in the Formula One World Championship.", "Belgium also has a strong reputation in motocross.", "Sporting events annually held in Belgium include the Memorial Van Damme athletics competition, the Belgian Grand Prix Formula One, and a number of classic cycle races such as the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège.", "The 1920 Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp." ]

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[ "There are tug of war clubs in many countries, and both men and women participate.", "The sport was part of the Olympic Games from 1900 until 1920, but has not been included since.", "The sport is contested in the World Games.", "The Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), organises World Championships for nation teams biannually, for both indoor and outdoor contests, and a similar competition for club teams.", "In England the sport is catered for by the Tug of War Association (formed in 1958), and the Tug of War Federation of Great Britain (formed in 1984).", "In Scotland, the Scottish Tug of War Association was formed in 1980.", "The sport also features in Highland Games there.", "Between 1976 and 1988 Tug of War was a regular event during the television series Battle of The Networks Stars.", "Teams of celebrities representing each major network competed in different sporting events culminating into the final event, the Tug of War.", "Lou Ferrigno's epic tug-o'-war performance in May 1979 is considered the greatest feat in 'Battle' history." ]

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[ "In 1907, when Picasso began to work on \"Les Demoiselles\", one of the old master painters he greatly admired was El Greco (1541–1614).", "At the time El Greco was largely obscure and under-appreciated.", "Picasso's friend Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945) acquired El Greco's masterpiece, the \"Opening of the Fifth Seal\", in 1897 for 1000 pesetas.", "While Picasso was working on , he visited his friend Ignacio Zuloaga in his studio in Paris and studied El Greco's \"Opening of the Fifth Seal.\"", "The relation between and the \"Opening of the Fifth Seal\" was pinpointed in the early 1980s, when the stylistic similarities and the relationship between the motifs and visually identifying qualities of both works were analysed.", "El Greco's painting which Picasso studied over and over in Zuloaga's house inspired not only the size, format, and composition of \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon\" but it inspired its apocalyptic power.", "Later, speaking of the work to Dor de la Souchère in Antibes, Picasso said: \"In any case, only the execution counts.", "From this point of view, it is correct to say that Cubism has a Spanish origin and that I invented Cubism.", "We must look for the Spanish influence in Cézanne.", "Things themselves necessitate it, the influence of El Greco, a Venetian painter, on him.", "But his structure is Cubist.", "\"The relationship of the painting to other group portraits in the Western tradition, such as \"Diana and Callisto\" by Titian (1488–1576), and the same subject by Rubens (1577–1640), in the Prado, has also been discussed." ]

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[ "Melody Lau of \"Rolling Stone\" wrote that \"Call Me Maybe\" is a \"Taylor Swift meets Robyn\" song.", "Jon O'Brien of Allmusic stated that the songs of \"Curiosity\" recall the bubblegum pop era of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, and added that \"Call Me Maybe\" is a combination of teen pop and synthpop with \"a chorus that just about straddles that fine line between sugary sweet and sickly.\"", "Tiffany Lee of Yahoo!", "Music deemed it as an instant summer hit, and added that \"Call Me Maybe\" has \"a good beat, great melody and catchy lyrics; something you and your friends can belt out in the car while driving to the beach, a party, and pretty much anywhere.\"", "Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" wrote that the song is \"breezy and sweet, an eyelash-fluttering flirtation run hard through the Disney-pop model of digitized feelings and brusque, chipper arrangements.", "\"According to Musicnotes.com, \"Call Me Maybe\" is written in the key of G major with a moderate tempo of 120 beats per minute.", "Jepsen's vocals span from G3 to C5, and the song follows a key progression of Cmaj7–G/D–Cmaj7–G/D." ]

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[ "The heliosphere is divided into two separate regions.", "The solar wind travels at roughly 400 km/s until it collides with the interstellar wind; the flow of plasma in the interstellar medium.", "The collision occurs at the termination shock, which is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind.", "Here the wind slows dramatically, condenses, and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the heliosheath.", "This structure is believed to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind; evidence from the Cassini and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field.", "The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the heliopause, is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space.", "Both \"Voyager 1\" and \"Voyager 2\" are reported to have passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath, at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively.", "\"Voyager 1\" is also reported to have reached the heliopause.", "The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, e.g.", "it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere.", "Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the bow shock, a plasma \"wake\" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way.", "Due to a lack of data, the conditions in local interstellar space are not known for certain.", "It is expected that NASA's Voyager spacecraft, as they pass the heliopause, will transmit valuable data on radiation levels and solar wind back to Earth.", "How well the heliosphere shields the Solar System from cosmic rays is poorly understood.", "A NASA-funded team has developed a concept of a \"Vision Mission\" dedicated to sending a probe to the heliosphere." ]

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[ "Many bacteria can move using a variety of mechanisms: flagella are used for swimming through fluids; bacterial gliding and twitching motility move bacteria across surfaces; and changes of buoyancy allow vertical motion.", "Swimming bacteria frequently move near 10 body lengths per second and a few as fast as 100.", "This makes them at least as fast as fish, on a relative scale.", "In bacterial gliding and twitching motility, bacteria use their type IV pili as a grappling hook, repeatedly extending it, anchoring it and then retracting it with remarkable force (>80 pN).", "Flagella are semi-rigid cylindrical structures that are rotated and function much like the propeller on a ship.", "Objects as small as bacteria operate a low Reynolds number and cylindrical forms are more efficient than the flat, paddle-like, forms appropriate at human-size scale.", "Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritrichous).", "The bacterial flagella is the best-understood motility structure in any organism and is made of about 20 proteins, with approximately another 30 proteins required for its regulation and assembly.", "The flagellum is a rotating structure driven by a reversible motor at the base that uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for power.", "This motor drives the motion of the filament, which acts as a propeller.", "Many bacteria (such as \"E. coli\") have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling.", "The tumbling allows them to reorient and makes their movement a three-dimensional random walk.", "(See external links below for link to videos.)", "The flagella of a unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, are found between two membranes in the periplasmic space.", "They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.", "Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli in behaviors called taxes: these include chemotaxis, phototaxis, energy taxis, and magnetotaxis.", "In one peculiar group, the myxobacteria, individual bacteria move together to form waves of cells that then differentiate to form fruiting bodies containing spores.", "The myxobacteria move only when on solid surfaces, unlike \"E. coli\", which is motile in liquid or solid media.", "Several \"Listeria\" and \"Shigella\" species move inside host cells by usurping the cytoskeleton, which is normally used to move organelles inside the cell.", "By promoting actin polymerization at one pole of their cells, they can form a kind of tail that pushes them through the host cell's cytoplasm." ]

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[ "Several of the characters are fictional versions of specific real-life counterparts:", " Christian Bale as Irving Rosenfeld (based on Melvin Weinberg )", " Bradley Cooper as FBI Agent Richard \"Richie\" DiMaso (based on Anthony Amoroso, Jr.)", " Amy Adams as Sydney Prosser / Lady Edith Greensly (based on Evelyn Knight)", " Jeremy Renner as Mayor Carmine Polito (based on Angelo Errichetti)", " Jennifer Lawrence as Rosalyn Rosenfeld (based on Cynthia Marie Weinberg)", " Louis C.K.", "as Stoddard Thorsen", " Jack Huston as Pete Musane", " Saïd Taghmaoui as Irving's Sheikh Plant", " Michael Peña as Paco Hernandez / Sheikh Abdullah", " Shea Whigham as Carl Elway", " Erica McDermott as Carl Elway's Assistant / Addie Abrams", " Alessandro Nivola as Anthony Amado", " Elisabeth Röhm as Dolly Polito (based on Dolores \"Dodie\" Errichetti)", " Colleen Camp as Brenda", " Paul Herman as Alfonse Simone", " Anthony Zerbe as a US Senator from New Jersey (based on US Senator Harrison A.", "\"Pete\" Williams)", " Robert De Niro (uncredited) as Victor Tellegio (based on mobster Vincent Alo)" ]

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[ "The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the duo's first number one hit in the US, and remained there for six straight weeks.", "The song spent 68 weeks on the chart, becoming the third most total weeks on Billboard Hot 100 history.", "It topped the 7 million downloads mark in the United States in July 2012, becoming the second fastest song in digital history to reach this plateau (in 68 weeks) just behind Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\" which achieved it in 67 weeks, and the third-biggest selling digital single since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital sales in 2003.", "It has also sold 7,695,000 copies in the US as of May 2013, and over one million copies in the UK.", "The song spent eleven weeks at number one in New Zealand and ten weeks in Australia.", "It is the longest-running number one single in New Zealand since Smashproof's hit single \"Brother\" in 2009, selling over 45,000 copies there, whereas in Australia, it is the longest-running number-one single since \"I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker (With Flowers in My Hair)\" by Sandi Thom in 2006 and the best-selling single of 2011.", "Certified thirteen-times platinum, it is the second biggest-selling single of all time in Australia, behind only Elton John's \"Candle in the Wind 1997\"." ]

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[ " The Korean War You Never Knew & Life in the Korean War – slideshows by \"Life magazine\"", " QuickTime sequence of 27 maps adapted from the West Point Atlas of American Wars", " Animation for operations in 1950", " Animation for operations in 1951", " US Army Korea Media Center official Korean War online image archive", " Rare pictures of the Korean War from the U.S. Library of Congress and National Archives", " \"Land of the Morning Calm Canadians in Korea\" – multimedia project including veteran interviews", " Pathé Online newsreel archive featuring films on the war", " CBC Digital Archives—Forgotten Heroes: Canada and the Korean War" ]

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[ " Bonanza Gift Shop is billed as the \"World's Largest Gift Shop\", with over of shopping space.", " The Shoppes at The Palazzo feature luxury stores including the only Barneys New York department store in Las Vegas.", " Fashion Show Mall is adjacent to Treasure Island and opposite Wynn Las Vegas.", " Grand Canal Shoppes is a luxury mall connected to The Venetian with canals, gondolas and singing gondoliers.", " Miracle Mile is part of the Planet Hollywood hotel.", " The Forum Shops at Caesars is a luxury mall connected to Caesars Palace, with more than 160 shops and 11 restaurants.", " Crystals at CityCenter is a luxury high-fashion mall at CityCenter.", " Harmon Corner is a three story retail center located next to Planet Hollywood with shops and restaurants." ]

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[ " Bradley Cooper as Patrick \"Pat\" Solatano, Jr.", " Jennifer Lawrence as Tiffany Maxwell", " Robert De Niro as Patrizio \"Pat\" Solatano, Sr.", " Jacki Weaver as Dolores Solatano", " Anupam Kher as Dr. Cliff Patel", " Chris Tucker as Danny McDaniels", " Julia Stiles as Veronica", " Brea Bee as Nikki Solatano", " Shea Whigham as Jake Solatano", " John Ortiz as Ronnie", " Paul Herman as Randy", " Dash Mihok as Officer Keogh" ]

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[ "Targeted therapies are a relatively new class of cancer drugs that can overcome many of the issues seen with the use of cytotoxics.", "They are divided into two groups: small molecule and antibodies.", "The massive toxicity seen with the use of cytotoxics is due to the lack of cell specificity of the drugs.", "They will kill any rapidly dividing cell, tumor or normal.", "Targeted therapies are designed to affect cellular proteins or processes that are utilised by the cancer cells.", "This allows a high dose to cancer tissues with a relatively low dose to other tissues.", "As different proteins are utilised by different cancer types, the targeted therapy drugs are used on a cancer type specific, or even on a patient specific basis.", "Although the side effects are often less severe than that seen of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, life-threatening effects can occur.", "Initially, the targeted therapeutics were supposed to be solely selective for one protein.", "Now it is clear that there is often a range of protein targets that the drug can bind.", "An example target for targeted therapy is the protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome, a genetic lesion found commonly in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.", "This fusion protein has enzyme activity that can be inhibited by imatinib, a small molecule drug." ]

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[ "Around the world.", "Southern Europe.", "In Italy, particularly in Palermo, marzipan (') is often shaped and painted with food colorings to resemble fruit—'—especially during the Christmas season and on ' (All Souls' Day) on November 2.", "May 9 and 10 are also special days for eating marzipan in Sicily.", "In Portugal, where the confection has been made by nuns since olden times, traditional marzipan (') fruit-shaped sweets made in the Algarve region are a very common sweet.", "There are other regions, as Toledo in Spain in which marzipan is shaped into simple animal shapes, and usually filled in with egg yolk (\"\") and sugar.", "In Greece and Cyprus, marzipan is made in a variety of shapes and sizes and is almost always left white.", "In the islands of the Aegean in particular, white marzipan is considered a wedding treat and is served to guests at wedding feasts. " ]

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[ "Leonardo's formal training in the anatomy of the human body began with his apprenticeship to Andrea del Verrocchio, who insisted that all his pupils learn anatomy.", "As an artist, he quickly became master of \"topographic anatomy\", drawing many studies of muscles, tendons and other visible anatomical features.", "As a successful artist, he was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence and later at hospitals in Milan and Rome.", "From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre.", "Leonardo made over 240 detailed drawings and wrote about 13,000 words towards a treatise on anatomy.", "These papers were left to his heir, Francesco Melzi, for publication, a task of overwhelming difficulty because of its scope and Leonardo's idiosyncratic writing.", "It was left incomplete at the time of Melzi's death more than fifty years later, with only a small amount of the material on anatomy included in Leonardo's \"Treatise on painting\", published in France in 1632.", "During the time that Melzi was ordering the material into chapters for publication, they were examined by a number of anatomists and artists, including Vasari, Cellini and Albrecht Dürer who made a number of drawings from them.", "Leonardo's anatomical drawings include many studies of the human skeleton and its parts, and studies muscles and sinews.", "He studied the mechanical functions of the skeleton and the muscular forces that are applied to it in a manner that prefigured the modern science of biomechanics.", "He drew the heart and vascular system, the sex organs and other internal organs, making one of the first scientific drawings of a fetus \"in utero\".", "The drawings and notation are far ahead of their time, and if published, would undoubtedly have made a major contribution to medical science.", "As an artist, Leonardo also closely observed and recorded the effects of age and of human emotion on the physiology, studying in particular the effects of rage.", "He also drew many figures who had significant facial deformities or signs of illness.", "Leonardo also studied and drew the anatomy of many animals, dissecting cows, birds, monkeys, bears, and frogs, and comparing in his drawings their anatomical structure with that of humans.", "He also made a number of studies of horses." ]

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[ "The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War or the Fourth Partition of Poland (Polish: \"Kampania wrześniowa\" or \"Wojna obronna 1939 roku\" or \"IV rozbiór Polski\") in Poland and the Poland Campaign (German: \"Polenfeldzug\") or Fall Weiß (Case White) in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.", "The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September 1939 following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September 1939.", "The campaign ended on 6 October 1939 with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland.", "The morning after the Gleiwitz incident, German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west.", "As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established lines of defence to the east.", "After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage.", "Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom.", "The two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September, though in the end their aid to Poland in the September campaign was very limited.", "The Soviet Red Army's invasion of Eastern Poland on 17 September, in accordance with a secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete.", "Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania.", "On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the Battle of Kock, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland.", "The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered.", "On 8 October, after an initial period of military administration, Germany directly annexed western Poland and the former Free City of Danzig and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established General Government.", "The Soviet Union incorporated its newly acquired areas into its constituent Belarusian and Ukrainian republics, and immediately started a campaign of sovietization.", "In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground resistance organizations formed the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state.", "Many of the military exiles that managed to escape Poland subsequently joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West, an armed force loyal to the Polish government in exile." ]

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[ "After the Versailles conference Wilson claimed that \"at last the world knows America as the savior of the world!", "\"The Republican Party—led by Henry Cabot Lodge—controlled the U.S. Senate after the election of 1918, but the Senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question.", "It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two-thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty.", "An angry bloc of 12–18 \"Irreconcilables\", mostly Republicans but also representatives of the Irish and German Democrats, fiercely opposed the Treaty.", "One block of Democrats strongly supported the Versailles Treaty, even with reservations added by Lodge.", "A second group of Democrats supported the Treaty but followed Wilson in opposing any amendments or reservations.", "The largest bloc—led by Senator Lodge— comprised a majority of the Republicans.", "They wanted a treaty with reservations, especially on Article X, which involved the power of the League of Nations to make war without a vote by the U.S. Congress.", "All of the Irreconcilables were bitter enemies of President Wilson, and he launched a nationwide speaking tour in the summer of 1919 to refute them.", "However, Wilson collapsed midway with a serious stroke that effectively ruined his leadership skills.", "The closest the Treaty came to passage was on November 19, 1919, as Lodge and his Republicans formed a coalition with the pro-Treaty Democrats, and were close to a two-thirds majority for a Treaty with reservations, but Wilson rejected this compromise and enough Democrats followed his lead to permanently end the chances for ratification.", "Among the American public as a whole, the Irish Catholics and the German Americans were intensely opposed to the Treaty, saying it favored the British.", "After Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding continued American opposition to the League of Nations, Congress passed the Knox–Porter Resolution bringing a formal end to hostilities between the U.S. and the Central Powers.", "It was signed into law by Harding on July 21, 1921.", "The U.S.–German Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Berlin on , the US–Austrian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Vienna on , and the US–Hungarian Peace Treaty of 1921 was signed in Budapest on ." ]

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[ "The DNA in an organism's genome can be analyzed to diagnose vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a child's paternity (genetic father) or a person's ancestry.", "Normally, every person carries two variations of every gene, one inherited from their mother, the other inherited from their father.", "The human genome is believed to contain around 20,000 - 25,000 genes.", "In addition to studying chromosomes to the level of individual genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders.", "Genetic testing identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.", "Usually, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders.", "The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.", "Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed." ]

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