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davis_wsc_raw

text stringlengths 36 170	pronoun stringclasses 12 values	pronoun_loc int32 8 163	quote stringlengths 6 40	quote_loc int32 8 156	options sequence	label class label 2 classes	source stringclasses 12 values
The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence.	they	63	they feared violence	63	[ "The city councilmen", "The demonstrators" ]	00	(Winograd 1972)
The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they advocated violence.	they	63	they advocated violence	63	[ "The city councilmen", "The demonstrators" ]	11	(Winograd 1972)
The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because it is too large.	it	55	it is too large	55	[ "the trophy", "the suitcase" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because it is too small.	it	55	it is too small	55	[ "the trophy", "the suitcase" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Joan made sure to thank Susan for all the help she had recieved.	she	47	she had received	47	[ "Joan", "Susan" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Joan made sure to thank Susan for all the help she had given.	she	47	she had given	47	[ "Joan", "Susan" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Paul tried to call George on the phone, but he wasn't successful.	he	44	he wasn't successful.	44	[ "Paul", "George" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Paul tried to call George on the phone, but he wasn't available.	he	44	he wasn't available.	44	[ "Paul", "George" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The lawyer asked the witness a question, but he was reluctant to repeat it.	he	45	he was reluctant	45	[ "the lawyer", "the witness" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The lawyer asked the witness a question, but he was reluctant to answer it.	he	45	he was reluctant	45	[ "the lawyer", "the witness" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The delivery truck zoomed by the school bus because it was going so fast.	it	52	it was going so fast.	52	[ "the delivery truck", "the school bus" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The delivery truck zoomed by the school bus because it was going so slow.	it	52	it was going so slow.	52	[ "the delivery truck", "the school bus" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Frank felt vindicated when his longtime rival Bill revealed that he was the winner of the competition.	he	65	he was the winner	65	[ "Frank", "Bill" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Frank felt crushed when his longtime rival Bill revealed that he was the winner of the competition.	he	62	he was the winner	62	[ "Frank", "Bill" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The man couldn't lift his son because he was so weak.	he	38	he was so weak.	38	[ "The man", "The son" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The man couldn't lift his son because he was so heavy.	he	38	he was so heavy.	38	[ "The man", "The son" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The large ball crashed right through the table because it was made of steel.	it	55	it was made of steel.	55	[ "The large ball", "The table" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The large ball crashed right through the table because it was made of styrofoam.	it	55	it was made of styrofoam.	55	[ "The large ball", "The table" ]	11	Hector Levesque
John couldn't see the stage with Billy in front of him because he is so short.	he	63	he is so short.	63	[ "John", "Billy" ]	00	Hector Levesque
John couldn't see the stage with Billy in front of him because he is so tall.	he	63	he is so tall.	63	[ "John", "Billy" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Tom threw his schoolbag down to Ray after he reached the top of the stairs.	he	42	he reached the top of the stairs.	42	[ "Tom", "Ray" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Tom threw his schoolbag down to Ray after he reached the bottom of the stairs.	he	42	he reached the bottom of the stairs.	42	[ "Tom", "Ray" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Although they ran at about the same speed, Sue beat Sally because she had such a good start.	she	66	she had such a good start.	66	[ "Sue", "Sally" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Although they ran at about the same speed, Sue beat Sally because she had such a bad start.	she	66	she had such a bad start.	66	[ "Sue", "Sally" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The sculpture rolled off the shelf because it wasn't anchored.	it	43	it wasn't anchored.	43	[ "The sculpture", "The shelf" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The sculpture rolled off the shelf because it wasn't level.	it	43	it wasn't level.	43	[ "The sculpture", "The shelf" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Sam's drawing was hung just above Tina's and it did look much better with another one below it.	it	45	it did look much better	45	[ "Sam's drawing", "Tina's drawing" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Sam's drawing was hung just above Tina's and it did look much better with another one above it.	it	45	it did look much better	45	[ "Sam's drawing", "Tina's drawing" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Anna did a lot better than her good friend Lucy on the test because she had studied so hard.	she	68	she had studied so hard.	68	[ "Anna", "Lucy" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Anna did a lot worse than her good friend Lucy on the test because she had studied so hard.	she	67	she had studied so hard.	67	[ "Anna", "Lucy" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The firemen arrived after the police because they were coming from so far away.	they	45	they were coming from so far away.	45	[ "The firemen", "The police" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The firemen arrived before the police because they were coming from so far away.	they	46	they were coming from so far away.	46	[ "The firemen", "The police" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Frank was upset with Tom because the toaster he had bought from him didn't work.	he	45	he had bought	45	[ "Frank", "Tom" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Frank was upset with Tom because the toaster he had sold him didn't work.	he	45	he had sold	45	[ "Frank", "Tom" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Jim yelled at Kevin because he was so upset.	he	28	he was so upset.	28	[ "Jim", "Kevin" ]	00	Hector Levesque
Jim comforted Kevin because he was so upset.	he	28	he was so upset.	28	[ "Jim", "Kevin" ]	11	Hector Levesque
The sack of potatoes had been placed above the bag of flour, so it had to be moved first.	it	64	it had to be moved first.	64	[ "The sack of potatoes", "The bag of flour" ]	00	Hector Levesque
The sack of potatoes had been placed below the bag of flour, so it had to be moved first.	it	64	it had to be moved first.	64	[ "The sack of potatoes", "The bag of flour" ]	11	Hector Levesque
Pete envies Martin although he is very successful.	he	28	he is very successful.	28	[ "Pete", "Martin" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Pete envies Martin because he is very successful.	he	27	he is very successful.	27	[ "Pete", "Martin" ]	11	Ernest Davis
The older students were bullying the younger ones, so we punished them .	them	66	we punished them	54	[ "The older students", "The younger students" ]	00	Ernest Davis
The older students were bullying the younger ones, so we rescued them .	them	65	we rescued them	54	[ "The older students", "The younger students" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I poured water from the bottle into the cup until it was empty.	it	50	it was empty	50	[ "the bottle", "the cup" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I poured water from the bottle into the cup until it was full.	it	50	it was full	50	[ "the bottle", "the cup" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Susan knows all about Ann's personal problems because she is nosy.	she	54	she is nosy	54	[ "Susan", "Ann" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Susan knows all about Ann's personal problems because she is indiscreet.	she	54	she is indiscreet	54	[ "Susan", "Ann" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Sid explained his theory to Mark but he couldn't convince him.	he	37	he couldn't convince him.	37	[ "Sid", "Mark" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Sid explained his theory to Mark but he couldn't understand him.	he	37	he couldn't understand him.	37	[ "Sid", "Mark" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Susan knew that Ann's son had been in a car accident, so she told her about it.	she	57	she told	57	[ "Susan", "Ann" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Susan knew that Ann's son had been in a car accident, because she told her about it.	she	62	she told	62	[ "Susan", "Ann" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Joe's uncle can still beat him at tennis, even though he is 30 years younger.	he	54	he is 30 years younger.	54	[ "Joe", "Joe's uncle" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Joe's uncle can still beat him at tennis, even though he is 30 years older.	he	54	he is 30 years older.	54	[ "Joe", "Joe's uncle" ]	11	Ernest Davis
The painting in Mark's living room shows an oak tree. It is to the right of the bookcase.	It	54	It is to the right	54	[ "The painting", "The oak tree" ]	00	Ernest Davis
The painting in Mark's living room shows an oak tree. It is to the right of a house.	It	54	It is to the right	54	[ "The painting", "The oak tree" ]	11	Ernest Davis
There is a gap in the wall. You can see the garden through it .	it	59	through it	51	[ "The gap", "The wall" ]	00	Ernest Davis
There is a gap in the wall. You can see the garden behind it .	it	58	behind it	51	[ "The gap", "The wall" ]	11	Ernest Davis
The drain is clogged with hair. It has to be cleaned.	It	32	It has to be cleaned.	32	[ "The drain", "The hair" ]	00	Ernest Davis
The drain is clogged with hair. It has to be removed.	It	32	It has to be removed.	32	[ "The drain", "The hair" ]	11	Ernest Davis
My meeting started at 4:00 and I needed to catch the train at 4:30, so there wasn't much time. Luckily, it was short, so it worked out.	it	104	it was short	104	[ "The meeting", "The train" ]	00	Ernest Davis
My meeting started at 4:00 and I needed to catch the train at 4:30, so there wasn't much time. Luckily, it was delayed, so it worked out.	it	104	it was delayed	104	[ "The meeting", "The train" ]	11	Ernest Davis
There is a pillar between me and the stage, and I can't see around it .	it	67	see around it	56	[ "The pillar", "The stage" ]	00	Ernest Davis
There is a pillar between me and the stage, and I can't see it .	it	60	see it	56	[ "The pillar", "The stage" ]	11	Ernest Davis
They broadcast an announcement, but a subway came into the station and I couldn't hear it .	it	87	hear it	82	[ "The announcement", "The subway" ]	00	Ernest Davis
They broadcast an announcement, but a subway came into the station and I couldn't hear over it .	it	92	hear over it	82	[ "The announcement", "The subway" ]	11	Ernest Davis
In the middle of the outdoor concert, the rain started falling, but it continued until 10.	it	68	it continued	68	[ "The concert", "The rain" ]	00	Ernest Davis
In the middle of the outdoor concert, the rain started falling, and it continued until 10.	it	68	it continued	68	[ "The concert", "The rain" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I used an old rag to clean the knife, and then I put it in the trash.	it	53	put it in the trash.	49	[ "The rag", "The knife" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I used an old rag to clean the knife, and then I put it in the drawer.	it	53	put it in the drawer.	49	[ "The rag", "The knife" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Ann asked Mary what time the library closes, because she had forgotten.	she	53	she had forgotten.	53	[ "Ann", "Mary" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Ann asked Mary what time the library closes, but she had forgotten.	she	49	she had forgotten.	49	[ "Ann", "Mary" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I took the water bottle out of the backpack so that it would be handy.	it	52	it would be handy	52	[ "The water bottle", "The backpack" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I took the water bottle out of the backpack so that it would be lighter.	it	52	it would be lighter	52	[ "The water bottle", "The backpack" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I couldn't put the pot on the shelf because it was too tall.	it	44	it was too tall.	44	[ "The pot", "The shelf" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I couldn't put the pot on the shelf because it was too high.	it	44	it was too high.	44	[ "The pot", "The shelf" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I'm sure that my map will show this building; it is very good.	it	46	it is very good	46	[ "The map", "The building" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I'm sure that my map will show this building; it is very famous.	it	46	it is very famous	46	[ "The map", "The building" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Bob paid for Charlie's college education. He is very generous.	He	42	He is very generous.	42	[ "Bob", "Charlie" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Bob paid for Charlie's college education. He is very grateful.	He	42	He is very grateful.	42	[ "Bob", "Charlie" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Bob paid for Charlie's college education, but now Charlie acts as though it never happened. He is very hurt.	He	92	He is very hurt.	92	[ "Bob", "Charlie" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Bob paid for Charlie's college education, but now Charlie acts as though it never happened. He is very ungrateful.	He	92	He is very ungrateful.	92	[ "Bob", "Charlie" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Bob was playing cards with Adam and was way ahead. If Adam hadn't had a sudden run of good luck, he would have won.	he	97	he would have won.	97	[ "Bob", "Adam" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Bob was playing cards with Adam and was way ahead. If Adam hadn't had a sudden run of good luck, he would have lost.	he	97	he would have lost.	97	[ "Bob", "Adam" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Adam can't leave work here until Bob arrives to replace him. If Bob had left home for work on time, he would be gone by this time.	he	100	he would be gone	100	[ "Adam", "Bob" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Adam can't leave work here until Bob arrives to replace him. If Bob had left home for work on time, he would be here by this time.	he	100	he would be here	100	[ "Adam", "Bob" ]	11	Ernest Davis
If the con artist has succeeded in fooling Sam, he would have gotten a lot of money.	he	48	he would have gotten a lot of money.	48	[ "The con artist", "Sam" ]	00	Ernest Davis
If the con artist has succeeded in fooling Sam, he would have lost a lot of money.	he	48	he would have lost a lot of money.	48	[ "The con artist", "Sam" ]	11	Ernest Davis
It was a summer afternoon, and the dog was sitting in the middle of the lawn. After a while, it got up and moved to a spot under the tree, because it was hot.	it	147	it was hot	147	[ "The dog", "The spot under the tree" ]	00	Ernest Davis
It was a summer afternoon, and the dog was sitting in the middle of the lawn. After a while, it got up and moved to a spot under the tree, because it was cooler.	it	147	it was cooler	147	[ "The dog", "The spot under the tree" ]	11	Ernest Davis
The cat was lying by the mouse hole waiting for the mouse, but it was too impatient.	it	63	it was too impatient.	63	[ "The cat", "The mouse" ]	00	Ernest Davis
The cat was lying by the mouse hole waiting for the mouse, but it was too cautious.	it	63	it was too cautious.	63	[ "The cat", "The mouse" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Anne gave birth to a daughter last month. She is a very charming woman.	She	42	She is a very charming woman.	42	[ "Anne", "Anne's daughter" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Anne gave birth to a daughter last month. She is a very charming baby.	She	42	She is a very charming baby.	42	[ "Anne", "Anne's daughter" ]	11	Ernest Davis
Alice tried frantically to stop her daughter from chatting at the party, leaving us to wonder why she was behaving so strangely.	she	98	she was behaving so strangely.	98	[ "Alice", "Alice's daughter" ]	00	Ernest Davis
Alice tried frantically to stop her daughter from barking at the party, leaving us to wonder why she was behaving so strangely.	she	97	she was behaving so strangely.	97	[ "Alice", "Alice's daughter" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I saw Jim yelling at some guy in a military uniform with a huge red beard. I don't know why he was, but he looked very unhappy.	he	92	why he was	88	[ "Jim", "the guy in uniform" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I saw Jim yelling at some guy in a military uniform with a huge red beard. I don't know who he was, but he looked very unhappy.	he	92	who he was	88	[ "Jim", "the guy in uniform" ]	11	Ernest Davis
The fish ate the worm. It was hungry.	It	23	It was hungry.	23	[ "The fish", "The worm" ]	00	Ernest Davis
The fish ate the worm. It was tasty.	It	23	It was tasty.	23	[ "The fish", "The worm" ]	11	Ernest Davis
I was trying to open the lock with the key, but someone had filled the keyhole with chewing gum, and I couldn't get it in.	it	116	I couldn't get it in.	101	[ "The key", "The chewing gum" ]	00	Ernest Davis
I was trying to open the lock with the key, but someone had filled the keyhole with chewing gum, and I couldn't get it out.	it	116	I couldn't get it out.	101	[ "The key", "The chewing gum" ]	11	Ernest Davis

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The original Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) as hosted by Ernest Davis

Dataset Summary

The original Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) consisted of 136 schemas resulting in 273 problems. This was later expanded to 150 schemas resulting in 285 problems.

A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences that differ in only one or two words and that contain an ambiguity that is resolved in opposite ways in the two sentences and requires the use of world knowledge and reasoning for its resolution. The schema takes its name from a well-known example by Terry Winograd:

The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they [feared/advocated] violence.

If the word is "feared", then "they" presumably refers to the city council; if it is "advocated" then "they" presumably refers to the demonstrators.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

Each instance contains a text passage with a designated pronoun and two possible answers indicating which entity in the passage the pronoun represents. An example instance looks like the following:

{
  'label': 0,
  'options': ['The city councilmen', 'The demonstrators'],
  'pronoun': 'they',
  'pronoun_loc': 63,
  'quote': 'they feared violence',
  'quote_loc': 63,
  'source': '(Winograd 1972)',
  'text': 'The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence.'
}

Data Fields

text (str): The text sequence
options (list[str]): The two entity options that the pronoun may be referring to
label (int): The index of the correct option in the options field
pronoun (str): The pronoun in the sequence to be resolved
pronoun_loc (int): The starting position of the pronoun in the sequence
quote (str): The substr with the key action or context surrounding the pronoun
quote_loc (int): The starting position of the quote in the sequence
source (str): A description of the source who contributed the example

Licensing Information

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Citation Information

The Winograd Schema Challenge including many of the examples here was proposed by Levesque et al 2012:

@inproceedings{levesque2012winograd,
  title={The winograd schema challenge},
  author={Levesque, Hector and Davis, Ernest and Morgenstern, Leora},
  booktitle={Thirteenth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year={2012},
  organization={Citeseer}
}