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ScienceQA

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Which of these states is farthest west?

closed choice

grade2

social science

geography

Geography

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west.

Compare the motion of two blue whales. Which blue whale was moving at a lower speed?

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Force and motion

Compare the speeds of moving objects

An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.

Look at the distance each blue whale moved and the time it took to move that distance. One blue whale moved 75 miles in 10 hours. The other blue whale moved 100 miles in 10 hours. Notice that each blue whale spent the same amount of time moving. The blue whale that moved 75 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that blue whale must have moved at a lower speed.

What is the direction of this push?

A bride kicks over a pot of rice. Her foot pushes the pot, and the rice spills out.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Force and motion

Identify pushes and pulls

One object can make another object move with a push or a pull. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.

The bride's kick is a type of push. She kicks the pot of rice away from her foot and spills the rice. The direction of the push is away from the bride's foot.

Complete the statement. Krypton is ().

Krypton is one of the rarest gases found in Earth's atmosphere. The chemical formula for krypton is Kr.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Classify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas

Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be. The symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula. An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol. The symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule. For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula. The chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms. A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols. For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.

You can tell whether krypton is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for krypton is Kr. This formula contains one symbol: Kr. So, the formula tells you that krypton is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, krypton is an elementary substance.

Which sentence states a fact?

closed choice

grade5

social science

civics

Social studies skills

Identify facts and opinions

A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information. The flag of the United States has 13 stripes. This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes. An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true. The flag of the United States is easy to draw. This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag "easy" to draw.

The second sentence states a fact. The state of Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean. It can be proved by finding Hawaii on a world map. The first sentence states an opinion. Hawaii is too far from the other states. Too far shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how far is too far.

What is the capital of Montana?

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify the 50 state capitals

Helena is the capital of Montana.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Which animal's body is better adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth?

Desert tortoises are adapted to protect themselves from a predator with sharp teeth. They have hard outer shells covering their bodies. A can pull its head and legs into its shell when attacked. Figure: desert tortoise.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the desert tortoise. The desert tortoise has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hard shell makes it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the desert tortoise. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The queen scallop has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hyrax has thin fur covering its skin. Its body is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.

What is the capital of Iowa?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.

Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? advertise - alike

closed choice

grade8

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since afford is between the guide words advertise - alike, it would be found on that page.

Which sentence states a fact?

closed choice

grade5

social science

civics

Social studies skills

Identify facts and opinions

A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information. The flag of the United States has 13 stripes. This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes. An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true. The flag of the United States is easy to draw. This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag "easy" to draw.

The second sentence states a fact. In North America, summer starts in late June. It can be proved by checking a calendar. The first sentence states an opinion. Summers in the United States are too hot. Too hot shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how hot is too hot.

Which figure of speech is used in this text? We don't need to decrease the cost of the product; we need to increase the quality of the product.

closed choice

grade11

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify the figure of speech: review

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.

The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. The sentence contrasts two things related to a product, decrease the cost and increase the quality.

Which is the stickiest?

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of materials

Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy. For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.

Sticky is a property. A sticky material easily attaches to other things. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the jam is the stickiest. If you touch jam, it will stick to you.

Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter. Solution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent, but the gold ring and the car bumper are not. Yellow is a color. This color is yellow. The gold ring is yellow, but the glass bottle and the car bumper are not. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth. The property that all three objects have in common is smooth.

Which phrase has a more negative connotation?

closed choice

grade4

language science

vocabulary

Shades of meaning

Positive and negative connotation

Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.

Waste water has a more negative connotation. If you waste water, you use it in a bad way.

Does Danio rerio have cells that have a nucleus?

This organism is Danio rerio. It is a member of the animal kingdom. Danio rerio is commonly called a zebrafish. Young zebrafish are see-through! Scientists can easily observe their insides. This trait makes zebrafish a useful organism for scientists to study.

yes or no

grade4

natural science

biology

Classification

Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Danio rerio is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus.

Based on this information, what is Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait?

In a group of rock pocket mice, some individuals have dark fur and others have light fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for dark fur, and the allele f is for light fur. Nutmeg, a rock pocket mouse from this group, has light fur. Nutmeg has two alleles for light fur.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.

An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Nutmeg's observable version of the fur color trait is light fur. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait is light fur.

Select the reptile below.

Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. An American alligator is an example of a reptile.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A western rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. A gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.

Which logical fallacy is used in the text? We cannot have shorter prison sentences, even for low-level criminals. It would only be a matter of time before all prison sentences were reduced and violent offenders were roaming the streets!

closed choice

grade11

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that going easy on low-level criminals will lead to going easy on violent criminals, too. However, there is no reason why easing penalties for low-level criminals must necessarily lead to changes to penalties for violent criminals. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.

Complete the sentence. A () can grow into a new plant.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Plants

Describe and construct flowering plant life cycles

Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce? First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.

A seed can germinate and grow into a new plant. Plants can grow leaves and petals. But leaves and petals cannot grow into a new plant.

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

Figure: Granada Province. Granada Province is located in southern Spain. Clouds often cover the mountains year-round in this part of the country. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Weather and climate around the world

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Granada Province is located in southern Spain. Clouds often cover the mountains year-round in this part of the country. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in Granada Province. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

Which organ works in groups to move the body's bones?

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Animals

Human organs and their functions

Identify the question that Jada's experiment can best answer.

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Jada prepared ten buckets, each with one gallon of boiling water and three tablespoons of black fabric dye. Jada soaked white linen fabric squares in five of the buckets, and white cotton fabric squares in the other five buckets. All of the fabric squares were soaked for 15 minutes. After the fabric dried, Jada scored the darkness of the squares on a scale from light to dark. She compared the darkness of the linen fabric to the darkness of the cotton fabric. Figure: fabric that has been dyed black.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

What is the expected ratio of offspring that have horns to offspring that do not have horns? Choose the most likely ratio.

In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This Punnett square shows a cross between two cows.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have horns, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the horns trait. The question tells you that the h allele, which is for having horns, is recessive to the H allele, which is for not having horns. Having horns is the recessive allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the recessive version of the horns trait must have only recessive alleles for the horns gene. So, offspring that have horns must have the genotype hh. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype hh. Not having horns is the dominant allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the dominant version of the horns trait must have at least one dominant allele for the horns gene. So, offspring that do not have horns must have the genotype HH or Hh. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype HH or Hh. So, the expected ratio of offspring that have horns to offspring that do not have horns is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring that have horns. This cross is expected to never produce offspring that do not have horns.

Which property matches this object?

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A hard object keeps its shape when you squeeze it. The track suit is not hard. A soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The track suit is soft.

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Particle motion and energy

Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? bicycle - butterfly

closed choice

grade2

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since bruise is between the guide words bicycle - butterfly, it would be found on that page.

Which property matches this object?

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The icicle is translucent. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The icicle is not soft.

What can Fernando and Manuel trade to each get what they want?

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Fernando and Manuel open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Fernando nor Manuel got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Fernando's lunch Manuel's lunch

closed choice

grade7

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Fernando wants broccoli. Manuel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

Which property matches this object?

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass flask is transparent. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The glass flask is not stretchy.

Which object has less thermal energy?

The objects are identical except for their temperatures.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Heat and thermal energy

How is temperature related to thermal energy?

All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.

The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 210°F block is colder than the 225°F block, it has less thermal energy.

Select the fish below.

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. A tiger shark is an example of a fish.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.

Which of these states is farthest south?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Maps

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south.

Select the description that doesn't belong.

closed choice

grade3

language science

vocabulary

Categories

Select the words that don't belong

Poorly doesn't belong. Swiftly, slowly, and quickly all describe the speed at which something happens.

Which of these states is farthest north?

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

Geography

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Indiana is farthest north.

What is the capital of South Dakota?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.

Which figure of speech is used in this text? Michael returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.

closed choice

grade11

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected.

The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Somewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.

Which tense does the sentence use? I tell Katy my opinions about her music.

closed choice

grade4

language science

verbs

Verb tense

Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?

Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present | Past | Future walk, walks | walked | will walk go, goes | went | will go

The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.

Which part of a pine tree can grow into a new tree?

This diagram shows the life cycle of a pine tree.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Plant reproduction

Angiosperm and conifer life cycles

Gymnosperms are plants that have seeds but not flowers. Conifers are a type of a gymnosperm. Instead of flowers, conifers have cones. Conifers use their cones for sexual reproduction. Most conifer trees have both male and female cones. The male cones produce pollen. The female cones produce eggs and a sticky substance on the edge of the cone. Male cones release pollen into the wind. Pollination happens when pollen lands on and sticks to the female cones. Self-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on the same tree. Cross-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on a different tree. After pollination, sperm from the pollen fuse with eggs at the base of the female cone's scales. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds inside the female cone. Conifer seeds are released from the fertilized cones. Many conifer seeds have wing-like structures. They can be carried long distances by the wind. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant. The new plant can grow cones and begin the conifer life cycle again.

A seed can grow into a new tree. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant. A pine tree's needles are its leaves! The needles make most of the food for the tree using photosynthesis. They do not grow into a new tree.

Select the invertebrate.

Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals. A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange. An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.

A western rattlesnake is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a western rattlesnake is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. An echidna is a mammal. Like other mammals, an echidna is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A robin is a bird. Like other birds, a robin is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.

The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Particle motion and energy

Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Based on this information, what is Tim's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?

This passage describes the Thomsen disease trait in humans: In a group of humans, some individuals have Thomsen disease and others do not. In this group, the gene for the Thomsen disease trait has two alleles. The allele M is for having Thomsen disease, and the allele m is for not having Thomsen disease. Tim, a human from this group, has Thomsen disease. Tim has one allele for having Thomsen disease and one allele for not having Thomsen disease.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.

An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Tim has one allele for having Thomsen disease (M) and one allele for not having Thomsen disease (m). So, Tim's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is Mm.

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

Figure: Tower of David. The Tower of David is in the Old City of Jerusalem. Winds in this part of Jerusalem are typically light and from the west. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Weather and climate around the world

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. The Tower of David is in the Old City of Jerusalem. Winds in this part of Jerusalem are typically light and from the west. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Jerusalem. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

Is Rangifer tarandus made up of many cells?

This organism is Rangifer tarandus. It is a member of the animal kingdom. Rangifer tarandus is commonly called a reindeer. Both male and female reindeer grow large antlers on their heads. Each year, reindeer naturally shed their antlers. The antlers usually fall off in the spring or summer. Then, over the next three to four months, a new pair of antlers grows in its place.

yes or no

grade4

natural science

biology

Classification

Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Rangifer tarandus is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.

What is the capital of Delaware?

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Dover is the capital of Delaware.

What do these two changes have in common? carving a piece of wood butter melting on a hot day

closed choice

grade4

natural science

chemistry

Physical and chemical change

Compare physical and chemical changes

Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change. In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke. In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.

Step 1: Think about each change. Carving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Butter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Butter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But carving a piece of wood is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The dress and the ball of wet clay are not rough. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are soft. A sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The dress and the scarf are not sticky. The property that all three objects have in common is soft.

Select the reptile.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.

A leafy seadragon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A seadragon's body looks like a clump of seaweed. This helps the seadragon hide from its predators. An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. A domestic pig is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Pigs are omnivores. This means that they can eat both plants and animals. A tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. A tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Identify elementary substances and compounds using models

There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.

What is the capital of Tennessee?

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.

Which country is highlighted?

closed choice

grade8

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is Australia. Is Australia a country or a continent? Both! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.

Which month has the highest average precipitation in Santiago?

Use the graph to answer the question below.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Use climate data to make predictions

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

To describe the average precipitation trends in Santiago, look at the graph. Choice "Mar" is incorrect. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. June has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, June has the highest average precipitation.

What is the name of the colony shown?

closed choice

grade4

social science

us-history

English colonies in North America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is New Jersey.

According to the timeline, which of the following statements is true about the period between 500 BCE and 50 BCE?

Rome is the name of a city, but it can also refer to the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic began to rule many new places between 500 BCE and 50 BCE. In the questions that follow, you will learn more about the spread of the republic during that time. This timeline shows when the Roman Republic was at war and peace during the 450 years after it began. Look at the timeline. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade7

social science

world-history

Rome and the Byzantine Empire

The Roman Republic: part II

Look at the timeline below. The different shades show periods of time when Rome was at war or at peace. The legend shows which shade represents war and which represents peace. On the timeline, periods of war take up more space than periods of peace do. So, Rome was at war for most of the years between 500 BCE and 50 BCE.

Would you find the word income on a dictionary page with the following guide words? iodine - its

yes or no

grade4

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since income is not between the guide words iodine - its, it would not be found on that page.

What is the name of the colony shown?

closed choice

grade8

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is Maryland.

Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Janelle has no school spirit—she never comes to any of our football games.

closed choice

grade6

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Janelle doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Janelle doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.

Select the plant.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify plants and animals

Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms. Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can. Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.

Watercress is a plant. It has small green leaves. Watercress can grow in water or in the ground. A ladybug is an animal. It walks and flies. Some ladybugs have spots. Other types of ladybugs have stripes!

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The washing machine () when Fernando ran an oversized load of laundry.

closed choice

grade10

language science

writing-strategies

Creative techniques

Use personification

Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point. The trees danced in the wind. The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.

Complete the sentence with the word complained. It describes the washing machine as if it were a grumpy, overworked person.

Which type of sentence is this? As Luca sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.

closed choice

grade8

language science

grammar

Phrases and clauses

Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?

A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.

The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as. As Luca sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.

Which of the following could Franklin's test show?

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Franklin was an aerospace engineer who was developing a parachute for a spacecraft that would land on Mars. He needed to add a vent at the center of the parachute so the spacecraft would land smoothly. However, the spacecraft would have to travel at a high speed before landing. If the vent was too big or too small, the parachute might swing wildly at this speed. The movement could damage the spacecraft. So, to help decide how big the vent should be, Franklin put a parachute with a 1 m vent in a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel made it seem like the parachute was moving at 200 km per hour. He observed the parachute to see how much it swung. Figure: a spacecraft's parachute in a wind tunnel.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

Which property do these four objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The jello is flexible, but the wet ice cube is not. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The jello is soft, but the wet ice cube is not. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All four objects are translucent. The property that all four objects have in common is translucent.

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Magnets

Identify magnets that attract or repel

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.

Which object has the least thermal energy?

The objects are identical except for their temperatures.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Heat and thermal energy

How is temperature related to thermal energy?

All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.

All three fish tanks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 17°C fish tank is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.

Does Drosophila melanogaster have cells that have a nucleus?

This organism is Drosophila melanogaster. It is a member of the animal kingdom. Drosophila melanogaster is commonly called a fruit fly. Many scientists study fruit flies to learn about how animals grow and live.

yes or no

grade4

natural science

biology

Classification

Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms

Drosophila melanogaster is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus.

Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Karen has two arms and two legs.

Hint: Karen was born with two arms and two legs.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Heredity

Identify inherited and acquired traits

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.

Most humans are born with two arms and two legs. So, having two arms and two legs is an inherited trait.

What information supports the conclusion that Ariana inherited this trait?

Read the description of a trait. Ariana has red hair.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

Which of these organisms contains matter that was once part of the bilberry?

Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Interpret food webs II

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bilberry.There are two paths matter can take from the bilberry to the Arctic fox: bilberry Arctic fox. bilberry brown lemming Arctic fox. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the parasitic jaeger: bilberry brown lemming parasitic jaeger. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the grizzly bear: bilberry grizzly bear. bear sedge. The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the bear sedge.. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the mushroom: bilberry grizzly bear mushroom.

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

Scientists in a laboratory were working with insulin, a protein often used to treat diabetes. They left two identical vials of insulin in different places. This table shows how the temperature of each vial changed over 15minutes.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Thermal energy

Compare thermal energy transfers

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.

The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. None of the objects are scratchy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The wet bar of soap and the ceramic mug are not bouncy. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth. The property that all three objects have in common is smooth.

Which animal's feet are also adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces?

Red-eyed tree frogs live in the rain forests of Central America. They spend most of their lives in trees. The feet of the tree frog are adapted to stick to the smooth surfaces of leaves. Figure: red-eyed tree frog.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: feet and limbs

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Look at the picture of the red-eyed tree frog. The red-eyed tree frog has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces. The red-eyed tree frog uses its toes to walk on the smooth surfaces of leaves without slipping. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The Madagascar day gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces. The American alligator has short toes with claws. Its feet are not adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces.

What is the capital of Utah?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify the 50 state capitals

Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.

Which correctly shows the title of a book?

closed choice

grade3

language science

punctuation

Formatting

Formatting titles

The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"

A book should be in italics. The correct title is **Rain, Shine, or Snow**.

Last year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Newport. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Newport?

closed choice

grade7

social science

economics

Supply and demand

Understand overall supply and demand

Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply. | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand Supply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up Supply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down Producers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.

The population of Newport fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Newport has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.

What kind of sentence is this? What made Isabelle so upset?

closed choice

grade4

language science

punctuation

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?

There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period. I have an older brother and a younger sister. An interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark. How tall are you? An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point. Read the first chapter by next week. Look out for that car! An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point. Some whales are over ninety feet long! I can't wait until tomorrow!

The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.

Which body part protects the body's soft parts?

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Animals

Body parts and their functions

Which of these states is farthest south?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Maps

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south.

Based on the text, where might you find these singing dogs?

Read the text about singing dogs. One dog begins howling. Others join in. Some of the howls are high, and some of the howls are low. So, when a group howls together, it can sound like singing. These unique sounds are made by New Guinea singing dogs, and they are quite different from the sounds other dogs make. New Guinea singing dogs live in the mountains on the island of New Guinea. However, they are very shy and rarely seen. They look a lot like other kinds of wild dogs, but in some ways they are more like cats. They are great climbers and jumpers, and they groom themselves often to stay clean. Their eyes shine green in low light, just like cats' eyes do. These catlike singing dogs are one of a kind.

closed choice

grade3

language science

reading-comprehension

Informational texts: level 1

Read passages about animals

Look at the text in bold below. It tells you where you might find these singing dogs. New Guinea singing dogs live in the mountains on the island of New Guinea. However, they are very shy and rarely seen. They look a lot like other kinds of wild dogs, but in some ways, they are more like cats. They are great climbers and jumpers, and they groom themselves often to stay clean. Their eyes shine green in low light, just like cats' eyes do. These catlike singing dogs are one of a kind.

Which country is highlighted?

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.

Which is this organism's common name?

This organism is Cybister sugillatus. It is also called a diving beetle.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Identify common and scientific names

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Cybister sugillatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Cybister sugillatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that diving beetle is the common name.

What is the volume of a water balloon?

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose metric units of volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.

The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 500 milliliters. 500 liters is too much.

What do these two changes have in common? picking up a paper clip with a magnet breaking a ceramic plate

closed choice

grade8

natural science

chemistry

Chemical reactions

Compare physical and chemical changes

Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.

Step 1: Think about each change. Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Breaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

Which continent is highlighted?

closed choice

grade8

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Europe.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Blue is a color. This color is blue. The blueberry is blue, but the caramel corn and the chocolate syrup are not. Sugar has a sweet taste. All three objects are sweet. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy. The property that all three objects have in common is sweet.

Select the plant.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify plants and animals

Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms. Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can. Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.

Papyrus is a plant. It has a long thin stem with green leaves on top. You can make paper out of the stems of papyrus plants! A wombat is an animal. It eats plants. Wombats have strong claws. They use their claws to dig tunnels called burrows.

Which is a complex sentence?

closed choice

grade5

language science

grammar

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?

A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until. Air will leak out of the tire until you find the hole and repair it.

Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? distinct - dreadful

closed choice

grade4

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since donkey is between the guide words distinct - dreadful, it would be found on that page.

Complete the sentence. Dew appearing on grass in the morning is a ().

closed choice

grade5

natural science

chemistry

Physical and chemical change

Compare physical and chemical changes

Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.

Dew appearing on grass in the morning is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air touches the cool grass and becomes liquid. The water vapor changes state to become dew, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.

Which of the following organisms is the tertiary consumer in this food web?

Below is a food web from an ocean ecosystem in Monterey Bay, off the coast of California. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Interpret food webs I

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. So, in a food web, tertiary consumers have arrows pointing to them from secondary consumers. Secondary consumers have arrows pointing to them from primary consumers. And primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The sea otter has an arrow pointing to it from the sea urchin. The sea urchin is not a secondary consumer. So, the sea otter is not a tertiary consumer. The sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is not a secondary consumer. So, the sea urchin is not a tertiary consumer. The phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not a tertiary consumer. The kelp bass has arrows pointing to it from the plainfin midshipman and the black rockfish. The plainfin midshipman and the black rockfish are secondary consumers, so the kelp bass is a tertiary consumer. The orca has an arrow pointing to it from the sea otter. The sea otter is a secondary consumer, so the orca is a tertiary consumer.

Which continent is highlighted?

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Europe.

Which tense does the sentence use? Cows eat the grass on the hill.

closed choice

grade2

language science

verbs

Verb tense

Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?

Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present | Past | Future walk, walks | walked | will walk go, goes | went | will go

The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, eat. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.

Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Select the reptile below.

Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A box turtle is an example of a reptile.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A barking tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. A Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Rattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey.

Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Don't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Akira! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.

closed choice

grade8

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Akira must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Akira's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Akira does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A lemon has a sour taste. The ocean water and the fries are not sour. Potato chips have a salty taste. All three objects are salty. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The ocean water is shiny, but the fries and the potato chips are not. The property that all three objects have in common is salty.

Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in New Orleans?

Use the graph to answer the question below.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Use climate data to make predictions

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "October is the wettest month." is incorrect. Every other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month. Choice "February is wetter than June." is incorrect. February has a lower average precipitation than June. So, February is drier, not wetter, than June. Choice "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August." is incorrect. On average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months.