ClimaText/dev-data/Wikipedia (dev).tsv

id	label	title	paragraph	sentence
1	1	Pollution	1	Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
2	0	Pollution	1	Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
26	0	Pollution	8	By the 1940s, however, automobile-caused smog was a major issue in Los Angeles.
33	1	Pollution	11	Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and early 1970s, when Congress passed the Noise Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act.
39	0	Pollution	13	"Lake Karachay – named by the Worldwatch Institute as the ""most polluted spot"" on earth – served as a disposal site for the Soviet Union throughout the 1950s and 1960s."
42	0	Pollution	14	The toll on the worst-affected populations and the growth since then in understanding about the critical threat to human health posed by radioactivity has also been a prohibitive complication associated with nuclear power.
49	0	Pollution	15	Though their effects remain somewhat less well understood owing to a lack of experimental data, they have been detected in various ecological habitats far removed from industrial activity such as the Arctic, demonstrating diffusion and bioaccumulation after only a relatively brief period of widespread use.
52	0	Pollution	15	Organizations such as 5 Gyres have researched the pollution and, along with artists like Marina DeBris, are working toward publicizing the issue.
56	0	Pollution	19	A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water, or soil.
60	0	Pollution	20	A manufacturing activity that causes air pollution is an example of a negative externality in production.
88	1	Pollution	27	China, United States, Russia, India Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions.
95	1	Pollution	28	In 2007, China has overtaken the United States as the world's biggest producer of , while still far behind based on per capita pollution – ranked 78th among the world's nations.
97	1	Pollution	28	Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, a major climate report concluded.
131	0	Pollution	36	TEHIP also is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases that are available free of charge on the web.
147	0	Pollution	45	For humankind, the factor of technology is a distinguishing and critical consideration, both as an enabler and an additional source of byproducts.
170	1	Pollution	51	A 2018 report by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and GRAIN says that the meat and dairy industries are poised to surpass the oil industry as the world's worst polluters.
176	0	Alexis Rockman	2	Rockman's stepfather, an Australian jazz musician, brought the family to Australia frequently.
182	0	Alexis Rockman	5	In the mid and late-1980s, Rockman began exhibiting his work at the Jay Gorney Modern Art Gallery in New York City in the East Village and relocated to SoHo in 1988.
196	0	Alexis Rockman	8	"Neblina"" (1995), one of the last works resulting from the Guyana trip, was painted after the collapse of a tailings dam at the Omni gold mine in Guyana, resulting in cyanide leaking into the waterway."
208	0	Alexis Rockman	10	Farther to the right are “permutations of what things might look like in the future.” The choice of a soybean field as his subject is fitting since soybeans are the most common, genetically modified crop.
211	0	Alexis Rockman	10	A rooster sits upon a fence pole, its six wings pressed against its side.
222	0	Alexis Rockman	12	This mural was exhibited from April 2004–September 2004 at the Brooklyn Museum of Art.
223	0	Alexis Rockman	13	"Cincinnati's Contemporary Arts Center featured works by Rockman and Tony Matelli in the 2007 exhibition, ""Baroque Biology""."
231	0	Alexis Rockman	15	At an October 23 lecture at the College of the Holy Cross, Rockman discussed his involvement in the then upcoming Ang Lee film Life of Pi.
248	0	Alexis Rockman	21	People that have influenced Rockman include Stephen Jay Gould, whom Rockman met and later wrote two essays about Rockman's work for the monograph published by Monacelli Press.
255	1	Carbon Trust	2	The Carbon Trust helps reduce carbon emissions and increase resource efficiency through providing specialist help, support and advice.
257	0	Carbon Trust	2	Office bases include London , Amsterdam, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Beijing, Pretoria, Mexico City and Singapore.
264	1	Carbon Trust	6	The Carbon Trust provides analysis on sustainability issues to help businesses, investors and policy makers with their roles in reducing carbon and saving energy.
269	1	Carbon Trust	8	The Carbon Trust Carbon Standard is only awarded to companies and organisations who measure and reduce their carbon emissions year on year.
274	0	Carbon Trust	10	In November 2013 the waste standard was awarded to the first wave of organisations, which included the Football Association, Renishaw plc, Whitbread, Pricewaterhousecoopers and AkzoNobel Decorative Paints.
287	1	Carbon Trust	15	The Carbon Trust is also involved in other finance schemes including interest-free loans for small and medium-sized enterprises available for energy-efficient equipment in Wales and a funding scheme for small business across Great Britain - the Green Business Fund.
312	1	Global temperature record	10	As well as natural, numerical proxies (tree-ring widths, for example) there exist records from the human historical period that can be used to infer climate variations, including: reports of frost fairs on the Thames; records of good and bad harvests; dates of spring blossom or lambing; extraordinary falls of rain and snow; and unusual floods or droughts.
332	1	Myron Ebell	2	Ebell, who is not a scientist, has been described as a climate change skeptic, a climate contrarian and a climate change denier.
368	0	Myron Ebell	13	"ExxonMobil did not participate in public consultations, but on August 10, 2000, ran an advertisement in the ""Washington Post"" raising various objections to a draft."
371	1	Myron Ebell	13	During the campaign, Bush had promised to cap carbon dioxide emissions.
381	0	Myron Ebell	14	She eventually resigned the EPA chair in May 2003.
389	1	Myron Ebell	16	Ebell has been given extensive media coverage, frequently cited or interviewed by journalists in a way that presents a false balance by giving Ebell's lay views equal weight with those of expert climatologists, and thus misrepresents the consensus of scientific opinion on climate change.
393	1	Myron Ebell	18	"In 2006, CEI arranged a public-service television commercial about carbon dioxide with the slogan ""They call it pollution; we call it life."
398	1	Myron Ebell	18	The increase ends and often the rate drops below normal as soon as temperatures cool, which suggests that the higher temperatures are killing people who are likely to die soon anyway.
412	1	Myron Ebell	23	"Ebell compared his efforts and those of his colleagues to a ""David versus Goliath struggle"" against ""corrupt environmentalism and big government"", and has said that the ""environmental movement is not an objective, well-intentioned movement that cares about saving the planet"", but one which emerged from the New Left, and which always proposes the same solutions regardless of the issue: lower material standards of living, more government control, and more power for the technocratic elite."
423	0	Sustainable forest management	2	These were all attempts to codify and provide for independent assessment of the degree to which the broader objectives of sustainable forest management are being achieved in practice.
429	0	Sustainable forest management	5	In simpler terms, the concept can be described as the attainment of balance – balance between society's increasing demands for forest products and benefits, and the preservation of forest health and diversity.
442	0	Sustainable forest management	10	There are nine international and regional criteria and indicators initiatives, which collectively involve more than 150 countries.
455	0	Sustainable forest management	15	The Ecosystem Approach has been prominent on the agenda of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) since 1995 .
478	0	Sustainable forest management	25	The area of forest certified worldwide is growing slowly.
506	0	Sustainable forest management	32	The development of National Forest Funds is one way to address the issue of financing sustainable forest management.
526	0	World Nuclear Association	4	The WNA was founded in 2001 on the basis of the Uranium Institute, itself founded in 1975.
541	0	World Nuclear Association	11	An essential role of the World Nuclear Association is to facilitate commercially valuable interaction among its members.
586	0	Michael Oppenheimer	5	Prior to his position at The Environmental Defense Fund, Dr. Oppenheimer served as Atomic and Molecular Astrophysicist at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Lecturer on Astronomy at Harvard University.
590	0	Michael Oppenheimer	5	Oppenheimer has been a member of several panels of the National Academy of Sciences and is now a member of the National Academies' Board on Energy and Environmental Systems.
591	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	He is also a winner of the 2010 Heinz Award with special focus on global change and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
598	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	During that period, he co-founded the Climate Action Network.
599	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	His research and advocacy work on acid rain also contributed to the passage of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.
613	1	The Great Warming	1	The Great Warming is a 2006 documentary film directed by Michael Taylor.
618	1	The Great Warming	3	"Featuring elements of the 2005 Public Broadcasting Service special ""Global Warming: the Signs and the Science, The Great Warming"" (produced by the same team), it talks to key researchers and reports on social justice and day-to-day impacts as well as emission statistics."
620	1	The Great Warming	4	While making the movie, producer Karen Coshof was determined not to lose sight of her most important advocate, the person on the street, to make the issue of global warming resonate in every household around the globe.
624	0	The Great Warming	6	The effort goes beyond the documentary: with a release timed just before the United States House elections, 2006, the website featured a Questions for Candidates link where voters could send a questionnaire on energy, environment, and taxation to their federal and state candidates.
640	0	Wind power in Spain	6	At that time Navarre sustained approximately 70 percent of its electricity needs from renewable energy sources, wind farms being used most extensively, and had a 900-megawatt capacity of installed wind power.
650	0	Wind power in Spain	12	"Including those indirectly employed in supplying components and services, the total number of jobs supported by Spain’s wind industry had reached more than 30 000, and was estimated to double to 60 000 by 2010"" (2005)."
657	0	Wind power in Spain	14	Ecotècnia, established 1981, and by 2005 had 2.1% world market share by installed capacity, with wind turbines in production of up to 1.6MW.
686	0	Henrik Svensmark	2	Polyt) in 1985 and a Ph.D. in 1987 from the Physics Laboratory I at the Technical University of Denmark.
713	0	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN plans to use an accelerator rather than rely on natural cosmic rays.
725	1	Henrik Svensmark	16	An early (2003) critique by physicist Peter Laut of Svensmark's theory reanalyzed Svensmark's data and suggested that it does not support a correlation between cosmic rays and global temperature changes; it also disputes some of the theoretical bases for the theory.
740	0	Henrik Svensmark	21	(2012) found that new high quality satellite data show that the El Niño Southern Oscillation is responsible for most changes in cloud cover at the global and regional levels.
742	1	Henrik Svensmark	22	"Lockwood (2012) conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature on the ""solar influence"" on climate."
744	0	Henrik Svensmark	22	Lockwood's review also highlighted the strength of evidence in favor of the solar influence on regional climates.
767	1	Greenhouse gas	5	In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:
779	1	Greenhouse gas	8	One way is that when they break down in the atmosphere they produce another greenhouse gas.
817	0	Greenhouse gas	16	Jacob (1999) defines the lifetime formula_1 of an atmospheric species X in a one-box model as the average time that a molecule of X remains in the box.
836	1	Greenhouse gas	19	Earth's surface temperature depends on this balance between incoming and outgoing energy.
845	1	Greenhouse gas	21	GWP is measured relative to the same mass of and evaluated for a specific timescale.
885	1	Greenhouse gas	33	This increase is the result of human activities by burning fossil fuels, deforestation and forest degradation in tropical and boreal regions.
892	1	Greenhouse gas	36	It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems.
919	1	Greenhouse gas	44	In 2018 research claimed that some of the most common plastics in the environment release the greenhouse gases methane and ethylene when exposed to sunlight in an amount that can affect the earth climate.
923	1	Greenhouse gas	46	In current trend, annual emissions will grow to 1.34 billion tonnes by 2030.
935	1	Greenhouse gas	49	Thus, water vapor responds to and amplifies effects of the other greenhouse gases.
947	1	Greenhouse gas	54	"These measures are sometimes used by countries to assert various policy/ethical positions on climate change (Banuri ""et al."
968	1	Greenhouse gas	59	While cities are sometimes considered to be disproportionate contributors to emissions, per-capita emissions tend to be lower for cities than the averages in their countries.
996	1	Greenhouse gas	66	Over this time period, the US accounted for 28% of emissions; the EU, 23%; Russia, 11%; China, 9%; other OECD countries, 5%; Japan, 4%; India, 3%; and the rest of the world, 18%.
1019	0	Greenhouse gas	74	Emissions are usually measured according to production, rather than consumption.
1023	1	Greenhouse gas	75	Davis and Caldeira (2010) found that a substantial proportion of emissions are traded internationally.
1030	1	Greenhouse gas	76	Policies implemented by governments have included national and regional targets to reduce emissions, promoting energy efficiency, and support for renewable energy such as Solar energy as an effective use of renewable energy because solar uses energy from the sun and does not release pollutants into the air.
1045	1	Greenhouse gas	79	One liter of gasoline, when used as a fuel, produces (about 1300 liters or 1.3 cubic meters) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
1053	1	Greenhouse gas	83	"In the late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that and do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, ""dark radiation""), while water (both as true vapor and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds) and and other poly-atomic gaseous molecules do absorb infrared radiation."
1076	0	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	Few of the statements in the references for this list are part of the peer-reviewed scientific literature; most are from other sources such as interviews, opinion pieces, online essays and presentations.
1081	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	9	Their views on climate change are usually described in more detail in their biographical articles.
1089	1	Tipping points in the climate system	2	Climate tipping points are of particular interest in reference to concerns about climate change in the modern era.
1097	1	Tipping points in the climate system	4	"The ""IPCC AR5"" defines a tipping point as an irreversible change in the climate system."
1098	1	Tipping points in the climate system	4	It states that the precise levels of climate change sufficient to trigger a tipping point remain uncertain, but that the risk associated with crossing multiple tipping points increases with rising temperature.
1110	1	Tipping points in the climate system	11	A 2019 study predicts that if greenhouse gases reach three times the current level of atmospheric carbon dioxide that stratocumulus clouds could abruptly disperse, contributing an additional 8 degrees Celsius of warming.
1124	1	Tipping points in the climate system	15	When fresh water gets released as a consequence of Greenland melting, a threshold may be crossed which leads to disruption of the thermohaline circulation.
1137	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	As more trees die, the woodland becomes more open, leading to further warming and making forests more susceptible to fire.
1159	0	Tipping points in the climate system	22	"Effects like these have been popularized in books like ""The Uninhabitable Earth"" and ""The End of Nature""."
1165	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	These three states are therefore not a party to the Ilulissat Declaration.
1172	1	Climate Code Red	1	"Climate Code Red"" draws heavily on the work of a large number of climate scientists, including James E. Hansen."
1176	0	Climate Code Red	4	The book was launched by the Governor of Victoria, Professor David de Kretser in Parliament House in Melbourne, Victoria, on July 17, 2008.
1186	1	Atmospheric methane	3	The carbon dioxide would have been produced by volcanoes and the methane by early microbes.
1201	1	Atmospheric methane	6	According to NOAA, the atmospheric methane concentration has continued to increase since 2011 to an average global concentration of 1850.5 ppb as of July 2018.
1218	0	Atmospheric methane	13	"Acetoclastic methanogenesis"" – certain archaea cleave acetate produced during anaerobic fermentation to yield methane and carbon dioxide."
1221	1	Atmospheric methane	15	For example, it has been discovered that leaf surface wax exposed to UV radiation in the presence of oxygen is an aerobic source of methane.
1242	0	Atmospheric methane	22	They are also suspected to produce methane themselves, but because the plants would have to use aerobic conditions to produce methane, the process itself is still unidentified.
1268	1	Atmospheric methane	32	"Nicholas Stern, the author of the 2006 Stern Review on climate change has stated ""people will need to turn vegetarian if the world is to conquer climate change""."
1283	1	Atmospheric methane	35	These methanogens emit methane into the atmosphere and even after the landfill is closed, the mass amount of decaying matter allows the methanogens to continue producing methane for years.
1292	0	Atmospheric methane	39	These emissions occur through normal operation, routine maintenance, fugitive leaks, system upsets, and venting of equipment.
1296	1	Atmospheric methane	40	The review concluded that in 2015 the oil and natural gas supply chain emitted 13 Tg per year of methane, which is about 60% more than the EPA report for the same time period.
1301	0	Atmospheric methane	40	Road vehicles run more on low load than marine engines causing relatively higher methane slip.
1306	1	Atmospheric methane	43	"Any process that consumes methane from the atmosphere can be considered a ""sink"" of atmospheric methane."
1308	1	Atmospheric methane	43	Humans have yet to act as any significant sink of atmospheric methane.
1334	0	Atmospheric methane	61	Two more minor sinks are soil sinks (160-year lifetime) and stratospheric loss by reaction with ·OH, ·Cl and ·OD in the stratosphere (120-year lifetime), giving a net lifetime of 8.4 years.
1352	1	Atmospheric methane	68	The lifespan of methane in the atmosphere was estimated at 9.6 years as of 2001; however, increasing emissions of methane over time reduce the concentration of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere.
1368	0	Atmospheric methane	76	As a result, photochemistry of plants is affected and the removal of methane via the tropospheric hydroxyl radical is reduced.
1394	0	Atmospheric methane	84	These, over-flooded and filled with weeds, would have resulted in huge methane emitting wetlands.
1409	1	Atmospheric methane	89	"The authors state: We find greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and fossil fuel extraction and processing (""i.e.,"" oil and/or natural gas) are likely a factor of two or greater than cited in existing studies."
1411	1	Atmospheric methane	90	the release of methane from seas and soils in permafrost regions of the Arctic.
1417	1	Atmospheric methane	91	Permafrost and clathrates degrade on warming, thus large releases of methane from these sources may arise as a result of global warming.
1418	0	Atmospheric methane	91	Other sources of methane include submarine taliks, river transport, ice complex retreat, submarine permafrost and decaying gas hydrate deposits.
1444	0	Atmospheric methane	100	This set of requirements excludes 96% of the landfills in the USA.
1466	1	Environmental issue	2	The amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is possibly above the threshold that can potentially cause climate change.
1477	1	Environmental issue	2	A main one is the temperature rise, and according to the report ”Our Changing Climate”, the global warming that has been going on for the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities (Walsh, et al.
1494	0	Environmental issue	8	There is now clear scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably, and that an unprecedented collective effort is needed to return human use of natural resources to within sustainable limits.
1525	0	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	9	Seven reactors began operating in 2011 and 19 were shuttered.
1529	0	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	11	In the U.K., major companies like RWE, EON, and SSE have all abandoned new-build proposals in 2011/12, while companies in Japan and Bulgaria have suspended construction.
1587	1	Fossil fuel divestment	1	By 2015, fossil fuel divestment was reportedly the fastest growing divestment movement in history.
1598	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	"After 350.org submitted a petition for divestment on 6 March 2014, President Gertler established an ""ad hoc"" Advisory Committee on Divestment from Fossil Fuels."
1600	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	"Foremost, they argued that ""targeted and principled divestment from companies in the fossil fuels industry that meet certain criteria...should be an important part of the University of Toronto’s response to the challenges of climate change."
1610	1	Fossil fuel divestment	8	It demands fossil fuel divestment and phase-out of use with a just transition to a low-carbon economy.
1628	0	Fossil fuel divestment	14	This hidden or externalised cost is an implicit subsidy and accordingly represents a risk to those companies.
1641	0	Fossil fuel divestment	17	Goldman Sachs stated in January 2015 that, if oil were to stabilize at $70 per barrel, $1 trillion of planned oilfield investments would not be profitable.
1671	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	"In response, Louis Klee, an activist from Fossil Free ANU, wrote in ""The Age"" that the reaction demonstrated not just ""the complicity of state power with the mining industry,"" but also that the citizens of this country are powerful voices in the debate over climate justice."
1675	1	Fossil fuel divestment	31	350.org is an international environmental organization encouraging citizens to action with the belief that publicizing the increasing levels of carbon dioxide will pressure world leaders to address climate change and to reduce levels from 400 parts per million to 350 parts per million.
1677	1	Fossil fuel divestment	31	campaign in 2012, which campaign calls for colleges and universities, as well as cities, religious institutions, and pension funds to withdraw their investments from fossil fuel companies.
1688	1	Fossil fuel divestment	36	In January 2015, a group of more than 300 Stanford faculty published a letter calling for full divestment, which garnered international attention.
1694	1	Fossil fuel divestment	38	In April 2016, the university's Board announced that it would take no further divestment action related to fossil fuel divestment.
1706	0	Fossil fuel divestment	41	Following the protest, Faust said she would not hold the open forum that students and faculty had requested and would not engage with students from Divest Harvard.
1708	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	In September 2014, Harvard faculty renewed their calls for an open forum on divestment and continued to argue for divestment publicly.
1714	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	By April 2015, the faculty group calling for divestment grew to 250, the Harvard alumni club of Vermont officially voted to endorse divestment, and Divest Harvard announced the creation of a fossil-free alumni donation fund that Harvard would receive conditional on divestment.
1730	1	Fossil fuel divestment	47	"While the plan enacted many of the committee's recommendations, the university administration chose not to divest its holdings in fossil fuel companies, stating that ""divestment...is incompatible with the strategy of engagement with industry to solve problems that is at the heart of today’s plan."
1732	0	Fossil fuel divestment	48	Over 100 people overall participated in the sit-in, which received coverage by multiple news outlets, including the Boston Globe, Boston Magazine, and the Daily Caller.
1738	1	Fossil fuel divestment	52	Desmond Tutu has voiced support for fossil fuel divestment and compared it to divestment from South Africa in protest of apartheid.
1760	1	Freshwater acidification	1	The main reason for Freshwater acidification is atmospheric depositions and soil leaching of SO and NOx.</sub> In an acid-sensitive ecosystem, which includes slow-weathering bedrock and depleted base cation pools, SO and NO from runoff will be accompanied by acidifying hydrogen ions and inorganic aluminum, which can be toxic to marine organisms.
1765	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Increase in atmospheric CO affects freshwater acidity very similarly to the way rising CO affects ocean ecosystems.
1773	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Dissolved CO increases the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO), dissolved inorganic carbon (C) and lowers the pH.
1782	0	Freshwater acidification	3	In a natural state, most nitrogen inputted into freshwater ecosystems will be utilized by vegetation.
1790	0	Freshwater acidification	4	Soil formed from low-buffering materials and the waters that drain from them are, therefore, susceptible to acidification, even under low acid deposition.
1796	1	Freshwater acidification	5	Factors such as nearby ecosystem, agriculture, land use, watershed, lake size, precipitation, soil type and rocks all determine the amount of CO absorbed.
1798	1	Freshwater acidification	5	As the vegetation near freshwater ecosystems grow larger and multiply, due to the excess pCO feeding these plants, the carbon available at death and during decomposition increases.
1805	0	Freshwater acidification	7	In most acidic freshwater reservoirs, there will be an increase in the development of mosses and algae.
1810	0	Arnold II Hahót	3	Perhaps Arnold was appointed Palatine on a temporary basis, when Béla waited in exile until the withdrawal of all Mongol forces, and later re-establishment of the royal court in Hungary.
1825	0	Asiablatta kyotensis	3	"A. kyotensis"" are known to be in China (Shanghai, Zhejiang), Japan, southern and western parts of South Korea."
1826	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	9	"None are in Stan's native Romanian, though Hitfire suggested that her accent is strong enough that ""Thanks for Leaving"", a ballad written in the aftermath of Stan's violent breakup with Prodan, would have sounded better in Romanian."
1833	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	31	Since 1964, the game has always been played at either Lane Stadium or Scott Stadium on the campuses of the two universities.
1876	0	Carl Zeiss AG	43	Zeiss produces optically identical manual-focus lenses for multiple SLR lens mounts under the ZE, ZF, ZK, and ZS lines, manufactured in Japan by Cosina to Zeiss specifications.
1888	0	The Gift (Way Out West song)	1	The song reached #15 on the UK Singles Chart that year, and also peaked at #2 on the UK Dance Chart.
1891	0	1908 Wake Forest Baptists football team	1	The 1908 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1908 college football season.
1935	0	Mars Attacks!	17	"Production designer Thomas Wynn (""A Beautiful Mind"", ""Malcolm X"") intended to have the war room pay tribute to ""Dr. Strangelove"" (1964)."
1940	0	Ian Collins (footballer)	1	"Ian ""Collo"" Collins AM (born 24 October 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer and is now a high-profile businessman."
1942	0	Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales	5	Linus tries to ask for her address to send her a Christmas card, and she gives an address that turns out to be fake when the card is returned.
1957	0	Thomas Davey (governor)	2	There are no records of his childhood or early youth.
1969	0	Carlos Guillermo Smith	28	Smith is seeking another $2 million for the clinic in 2018.
1978	0	New Westminster Police Department	3	The police constables came from the Delta Police Department, West Vancouver Police Department and New Westminster Police Service.
1981	0	Rawbank	3	, Rawbank was the largest commercial bank in DR Congo, with 24 percent of banking assets in the country and a customer base of nearly of 300,000 accounts.
1988	0	Kimnyole	10	Kimnyole's death led to a succession dispute between his two sons; Koitalel Arap Samoei and Kipchomber Arap Koilege.
1995	0	Gomer Pyle	11	"On an episode of ""The Lucy Show"", ""Lucy Gets Caught Up in the Draft"", Nabors has a cameo role as ""Gomer Pyle""."
1997	0	Postgraduate training in general dentistry in the United States	6	In general, GPR programs pay higher stipends than do AEGD programs; this is because GPR residents take call and answer consults.
2004	0	G. Mark Voit	2	Voit graduated in astrophysical sciences from Princeton University in 1983, and completed his PhD in astrophysics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1990 under the supervision of J. Michael Shull.
2005	0	Bruce Kingsbury	4	After three months, the pair decided that they would go on an adventure – walking through western Victoria and New South Wales.
2013	0	Scottish national identity	44	"Polling conducted since 2014 has indicated that when forced to choose between ""Scottish"" and ""British"" identities, British national identity has risen to between 31-36% in Scotland and Scottish national identity has fallen to between 58-62%."
2014	0	Bermuda II Agreement	19	Air fares were only approved if they reflected the actual cost of providing these services.
2015	0	ARM Architecture (Ashton Raggatt McDougall)	2	Notable projects include the National Museum of Australia in Canberra, the Melbourne Recital Centre and Southbank Theatre in Melbourne, Perth Arena and the Marion Cultural Centre in Adelaide.
2033	0	United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce	3	She had been serving as acting deputy secretary since November 18, 2010.
2034	0	1983–84 Liverpool F.C. season	2	It was Liverpool's first season under the management of Joe Fagan, who was promoted from the coaching staff after the retirement of Bob Paisley, their manager of the last nine seasons who had won at least one major trophy in all but the first of his seasons as manager (including six league titles and three European Cups).
2050	0	Sam Cooke	28	"The album, also titled ""Shake"", reached the number one spot for R&B albums."
2055	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	36	Throughout its 72-year existence, the administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR changed numerous times, often incorporating regional reorganisation and annexation on the part of Soviet authorities during World War II.
2073	0	Glengarry Light Infantry	10	During the remainder of 1814, the regiment performed outpost duty during the unsuccessful Siege of Fort Erie, and a detachment was present at the Battle of Malcolm's Mills, the last action of the war on the Niagara Peninsula.
2076	0	Ralph Hutchinson	7	He also coached the basketball team for the 1919–20 season.
2080	0	Louie Anderson	13	"In 1999, Anderson landed the role of host of the new version of ""Family Feud""."
2081	0	Montague Egg	7	"Egg periodically expresses admiration for the up-to-date, and in ""Murder in the Morning"" comments, of a prefabricated garage: ""That's the stuff... Standardisation means immense saving in labour, time, expense."
2106	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	68	"Most scholars consider the ""tathāgatagarbha"" doctrine of an 'essential nature' in every living being is equivalent to 'Self', and it contradicts the ""no self"" (or no soul, no atman, anatta) doctrines in a vast majority of Buddhist texts, leading scholars to posit that the ""Tathagatagarbha Sutras"" were written to promote Buddhism to non-Buddhists."
2110	0	Damita Jo (album)	1	Its music incorporates pop rock, electro, house, and hip hop styles, in addition to R&B.
2120	0	Dorothy V. M. Bishop	9	The CCC specifically looked to identify pragmatic language and specific language impairments.
2127	0	Pablo Gad	7	In 1990's some of Pablo Gad's tunes were sampled by Breakbeat hardcore artists.
2130	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	7	"The album's best-performing single on that chart, ""Dance"", was released on 18 July 2014."
2136	0	Riddell Akua	1	Michael Riddell Akua (born January 26, 1963) is a political figure from the Pacific nation of the Republic of Nauru.
2156	0	McKenzie Towne, Calgary	9	"A ""park and ride"" facility has been constructed adjacent to the High Street shopping area off 52nd Street S.E., and is a hub for the region's current BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) line connecting to downtown; in the future (time-frame yet to be determined), BRT service is to be replaced by a full LRT (Light Rapid Transit) line, with a station earmarked next to the park and ride."
2161	0	Qasar	10	Mongolian chronicles say that Bolunai's brother Unubold killed Muulihai of the Ongliud, a descendant of Genghis Khan's half brother Belgütei.
2165	0	George Harriman	7	Harriman was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1943 and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1951, and was knighted in 1965.
2166	0	Thomas F. Glick	6	At the same time (in the 1990s), because of his involvement in the struggle to save Valencia's molinological patrimony from destruction, he became an activist in historical preservation and subsequently became president of the Northeast Chapter of the Society for the Preservation of Old Mills and, at the same time, a founder of the Valencian Association of the Friends of Mills.
2183	0	Bloodgood	4	"In 1985 Bloodgood released a demo, ""Metal Missionaries"", of which they sold over 5,000 copies at concerts."
2242	0	Tower City Center	15	In 1931, the Higbee Company moved its main store to a new building connected to Cleveland Union Terminal.
2259	0	Sagara, Karnataka	19	Linganamakki dam is built across the Sharavathi river and is 6 km from Jog Falls in Sagara taluk.
2260	0	River Balder	2	The head of the valley is a bleak moorland, with hills around it exceeding 500 m (1640 ft).
2264	0	Pierre Amine Gemayel	16	Similar remarks and condemnation were issued by almost all of the major Lebanese political players.
2266	0	American Wedding	9	Although agreeing they are over each other, Stifler's mom mentions having a double suite and invites Finch to join her.
2273	0	NBA on TNT	4	During the first round, TNT airs games from Sunday to Thursday nights, with occasional broadcasts on Saturdays.
2309	0	EAS Pollux	3	Both Commander Susan Ivanova and Captain John Sheridan were furious upon seeing the video.
2313	0	Denise Driehaus	6	In her 2010 reelection bid, Driehaus' seat was looked at as a potential pick-up by Republicans.
2316	0	Matrix exponential	74	The matrix exponential has applications to systems of linear differential equations.
2329	0	Yashin (band)	13	2012 also saw Yashin headline the Jägermeister stage at Donington Download festival, Support Limp Bizkit in London, Germany, The Netherlands and the Czech Republic.
2335	0	Bhabendra Nath Saikia	21	He also worked extensively in the creation, proposal, construction, and planning of the Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra in Guwahati, Assam, which is now a sprawling cultural center, one of its kind, and a tourist attraction for the state of Assam.
2336	0	Salem-Keizer School District	6	In the 2009 school year, the district had 815 students classified as homeless by the Department of Education, or 2.0% of students in the district.
2348	0	Young (mango)	4	The fruit typically ripens from July to August in Florida.
2361	0	St. Louis tornado history	2	Another F4 tornado struck the Granite City and Edwardsville, Illinois area in April 1981.
2376	0	Paul Traynor	3	Before his move, he had played for teams in the American Hockey League, International Hockey League and the East Coast Hockey League.
2381	0	MYMP	6	added a keyboardist and began working on a more pop sound, completing the transformation with the addition in 2000 of a female vocalist, Marifil Niña Girado, now known as Nina.
2427	0	G. Mark Voit	1	G. Mark Voit (born 1961) is a professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Michigan State University.
2428	0	Hotel Carrasco	2	Its construction started in 1912 and finished in 1921, after 9 years work.
2443	0	Lincoln City Career Technical High School	1	It has a class size of 3-8, a student teacher ratio of 5 to 1, and a faculty well versed in academic, trades, arts, and music.
2477	0	Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act of 2010	3	The SGR determines how much money Medicare will pay physicians and other health care providers for health services.
2493	0	High Hazels Park	2	The arches that lead to the main entrance were built of the same stone as the Houses of Parliament.
2569	0	N52 road (Ireland)	5	The installation was funded by the percentage for arts scheme where 1% of the budget is allocated to roadside art.
2582	0	Tower City Center	3	Original designs for the complex show that at first the brothers did not plan on building an office tower within the complex.
2584	0	Ayodele Casel	3	With the encouragement of Wilder, Casel started studying under Barbara Duffy.
2598	0	Almora	23	Pantnagar Airport, located in Pantnagar is the primary Airport serving entire Kumaon Region.
2604	0	Mouni Sadhu	13	So between 1946 and 1948 he lived for two years in Brazil, before emigrating to Australia.
2608	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	14	When talking in 2016 with a newspaper about a role model as a leader, she revealed her admiration for former US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright.
2613	0	Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr	11	Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr died on 17 March 1830 in Hyères, a town in the southeast of France.
2624	0	Mariss Jansons	15	"In 2011, he was awarded the same title by the German journal ""Opernwelt""."
2635	0	2012 Boeing 727 crash experiment	3	The aircraft had been leased to Bob Dole's 1996 presidential election campaign by the then-owner AvAtlantic.
2647	0	1 Corinthians 10	1	"In this chapter Paul writes about the Israelites' ""Exodus"" journey and the Eucharist, and returns to the subject of food offered to idols."
2674	0	Philip H. Torrey	16	This was the last impulse to Torrey's superior, general Holland Smith, who pressed Commandant Holcomb to replace Torrey.
2676	0	Dravyasamgraha	1	"Vahuvali Charitra"" (a Jain work based on collection of traditions) notes that Nemicandra belonged to the monastic order of Desiya gana."
2694	0	Luo Tong	2	Before he left, his mother tearfully saw him off, but Luo Tong did not look back when he boarded the carriage.
2702	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	10	"Not only passion, hatred and delusion were to be extinguished, but also all cankers (""asava"") or defilements (""khlesa"")."
2705	0	Barro Alto, Goiás	5	(Sepin There were 53,500 head of cattle (8,200 dairy cows) in 2006.
2711	0	Drawing Restraint 9	12	In the furnace room, the needle on a pressure gauge vibrates towards the end of the scale and the rivets on the machinery give.
2717	0	Thomas Davey (governor)	8	Davey was of a weakly, amiable nature, but much progress was made during his administration, including the designation of Hobart as a free port.
2729	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	14	In September Thompson and Aitchenson reached agreement to raise capital to expand their mining operation by way of a new company, the Kaitangata Coal Mining Company.
2741	0	Steel service center	2	by cutting to a size or shape specified by the customer, before sale.
2745	0	Christopher Ward (watchmaker)	6	The company was announced as the official timing partner of the Bluebird speed record team in 2012.
2750	0	James V. Forrestal Building	17	"For the CFA, the issue was not the span over 10th Street but rather whether the façade was in ""harmony with the character of Washington as the Nation's Capital."
2766	0	Two Hands (1999 film)	11	The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 67% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
2770	0	Gander International Airport	13	On December 12, 1985, Gander was the site of the Arrow Air Flight 1285 disaster, in which a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 with 256 on board crashed during takeoff, probably due to atmospheric icing; there were no survivors.
2777	0	Damita Jo (album)	9	"Jam added ""There's some house stuff, which there always is [on her albums]."
2780	0	Mars Attacks!	3	was released theatrically by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on December 13, 1996 and received mixed reviews from critics.
2787	0	Arion (comics)	14	Jaime Reyes, and the Blue Beetle scarab into undoing his sealing, stealing the scarab for himself to use its power to destroy the world.
2803	0	Stella Benson	10	"Benson's last unfinished novel ""Mundos"" and her personal selection of her best poetry ""Poems"" were published posthumously in 1935."
2808	0	Heartbeat (Nina Sky song)	2	Its filming as started on May 26, 2012 when they put pictures of filming on Facebook.
2812	0	WFME (AM)	3	"The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement of 1941 formally extended the AM band to 1600 kHz, ending the ""high-fidelity"" service but keeping all four original stations near their existing dial positions."
2818	0	Taichiro Morinaga	5	Having led an impoverished life in Japan, Morinaga had never tasted such a delicious treat.
2849	0	African Malaria Network Trust	11	It oversees the general governance, regulation and control of AMANET.
2870	0	Dodo Chaplet	1	Dodo's personality was an unsophisticated, bright and happy one.
2884	0	History of Thurgau	2	The county became the Canton of Thurgau within the Helvetic Republic in 1798, and with the Act of Mediation of 1803 a canton of the restored Confederacy.
2911	0	Vanja Bulić	2	He wrote in almost every high profile Serbian journal, had shot over 2000 TV shows and wrote several bestselling books and movie scenarios.
2914	0	Ventilation/perfusion ratio	12	Thus at the apex of the lung the resulting pressure can be insufficient for developing a flow (which can be sustained only by the negative pressure generated by venous flow towards the left atrium) or even for preventing the collapse of the vascular structures surrounding the alveoli, while the base of the lung shows an intense flow due to the higher pressure.
2919	0	Sivananda Radha Saraswati	2	Sivananda Radha (formerly known as Sylvia Hellman) was born in Germany in 1911.
2920	0	Île de la Cité	4	Later Romans under Saint Genevieve escaped to the island when their city was attacked by Huns.
2926	0	Foreign Policy Association	17	"Launched in 2007 as part of the ""Great Decision"" Program, the ""Foreign Policy Blogs"" network is a network of global affairs commentary ""blogs"" comprising nearly 50 blogs on a wide variety of global issues ranging from US foreign policy to global feature films/movies."
2955	0	Yon Tumarkin	2	In 2011, Yon Tumarkin finished his work at the army.
2982	0	Interlopers	2	"Interlopers ""has also been produced as an audio book, released on CD in November 2004 by Buzzy Multimedia, in an unabridged edition narrated by Ben Browder."
2992	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	7	He was credited with gaining 1,761 yards in eight games.
2997	0	Emanuel Bardou	3	Among his best known works are busts of Immanuel Kant (1798) and Daniel Chodowiecki.
3000	0	Qasar	10	It is widely accepted that Hasar's descendant Bolunai was a historical figure since his existence is confirmed in contemporary Chinese sources of 1463, 1467, and 1470.
3008	0	Checkmate (2010 film)	3	The drugs would go through customs smoothly with Kwame involved and to make sure of this, Kiki employs the affair tactic to corner him.
3026	0	Harper, Oregon	1	Harper is an unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon, United States.
3031	0	USS Menges (DE-320)	6	"Menges"" arrived back in New York on 21 June for duty as a training ship for the United States Coast Guard Academy, with two cadet cruises to the West Indies before arriving New London, Connecticut on 7 September."
3034	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	3	The small island of Inch Clutha lies immediately to the southwest of the town.
3042	0	Bowmans Rail	4	The new terminal is on the former Leigh Creek railway line and is expected to handle 2000 containers per year.
3047	0	Quercus kerrii	3	"This species and ""Quercus helferiana"" are closely related: the relationship between them and their distribution needs further work and it is possible that ""Q. kerrii"" does not occur in China."
3055	0	Paleontology in Texas	9	They observed the tracks of six birds, two invertebrates, nineteen mammals, and two turtles.
3066	0	1986–87 Port Vale F.C. season	2	The season would see its midweek games played on a Tuesday, rather than the traditional Monday, and the play-offs were also introduced.
3067	0	Winifred Fairfax Warder	2	She was known in Washington society for her skill at painting china, and for her expertise in rose cultivation.
3075	0	Tower City Center	5	After the completion of the nearby Gateway project in 1994, RTA built an indoor walkway connecting Tower City to the complex.
3092	0	On the Equality of the Sexes	3	"She scornfully points out that women have channeled this creativity into fashion, slander, and gossip to incredibly skilled ends, but stresses that she is not pointing this out in order to ""furnish these facts as instances of excellency in our sex"" but to be used as ""proofs of a creative faculty, of a lively imagination""."
3105	0	Mystique (comics)	60	"Mystique inquires of Cable ""How does [history] judge the part we play here and now in protecting the remnants of mutant-kind?"
3106	0	HNLMS O 3	1	O 3 was a patrol submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
3118	0	Alaska Bar Association	5	These public members also serve staggered three year terms.
3120	0	Jazz Bakery	4	In January 2012, Culver City, California transferred a parcel at 9814 Washington Blvd.
3143	0	Peever, South Dakota	4	According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
3159	0	Alexander Sipiagin	2	Influenced his choice acquaintance with Bishop Eduard von der Ropp, who instructed Sipyagin to teach at Roman Catholic seminary in Saratov.
3173	0	Order of Friendship (North Korea)	1	The Order of Friendship is a medal awarded by the government of North Korea.
3185	0	Scottish national identity	26	The influx of large numbers of Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century led to the establishment of Catholic schools, particularly in the urban west of the country, beginning with Glasgow in 1817.
3206	0	Checkmate (2010 film)	3	Kwame feels an instant attraction to her and notwithstanding his status as a family man, makes moves and quickly gets her into bed.
3212	0	Pike (programming language)	20	That definition allows a variable to hold any kind of data type.
3220	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	6	Beneath the eastern streets of the square lies the long disused Scotland Street Tunnel, which continues under the New Town to Canonmills.
3235	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	2	Meeker's Oregon Trail Memorial Association (OTMA) had tens of thousands of pieces struck in 1926 and 1928, and did not sell them all.
3238	0	Dolores Claiborne (film)	7	Selena fled home for the weekend to work at a hotel, where guests had flocked for the eclipse.
3249	0	Hinckley, Illinois	15	About 3.8% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
3255	0	Carl Zeiss AG	4	Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production along with dozens of other brands and factories, and also had major works at Dresden.
3278	0	Bermuda II Agreement	16	Moreover, both sides agreed to continue dual designation, i.e.
3279	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	25	A fortnight earlier the Sons had scrambled a win in the home fixture and the pace of this game was no different with both defences being pressed by waves of attacks.
3291	0	Solitude	1	It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).
3299	0	Spasmo	9	Additionally, its shown that he has killed Clorinda after the potential rape and dumped her in the well, that he killed the ex-girlfriend, the random woman in the car and Barbara.
3305	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	5	For the third week in a row Dumbarton were the hosts, this time to Arthurlie in their first league fixture.
3319	0	Dositej Novaković	2	Soon afterwards he left Treskavac for Holy Mount Athos and monastery of Zoographou where he became a monk.
3320	0	Henri Goovaerts	2	Goovaerts decided to become a painter and against the wishes of his father he attended the Academy of Mechelen in Belgium.
3338	0	Dartball	11	A player who advances around all of the bases to score is credited with a run (R).
3340	0	1995 Arizona Cardinals season	1	Former Seattle Seahawks quarterback Dave Krieg started in his only season with the team.
3376	0	Vinton, Texas	3	Vinton was named for Southern Pacific Railroad surveyor John C. Vinton, who laid the cross-country route for the railroad through the area in 1881, and was most likely established around that time.
3406	0	George Tuska	16	"He had a four-year run drawing ""The World's Greatest Superheroes"" comic strip from 1978–1982, inked by Vince Colletta."
3408	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	10	The conflict between the two competing governments, known as the Ukrainian–Soviet War, was part of the ongoing Russian Civil War, as well as a struggle for national independence, which ended with the pro-independence Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) being annexed into a new Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (), western Ukraine being annexed into the Second Polish Republic, and the newly stable Ukraine becoming a founding member of the Soviet Union.
3448	0	Sangbad Pratidin	2	Sangbad Pratidin is the highly popular Bengali newspaper with 5 million digital readerships primarily from Bengal and the rest of India.
3456	0	Ladian, SBS Nagar	4	According to census survey report 2011, 96.92% workers describe their work as main work and 3.08% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
3465	0	Criminally Insane 2	5	Ethel proceeds to murder the remaining resident (a man who believed he was an insect) and one of the institution doctors when he drops by to see why his calls to the halfway house have not been getting through.
3484	0	Wealdstone	3	The Harrow Leisure Centre is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, badminton, snooker, martial arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness.
3509	0	2017 Men's Asia-Oceania Floorball Cup	3	Thailand became the first champions of the AOFC beating Singapore in the final.
3513	0	The Dreamscapes Project	6	It was during this period that the band also began to expand outside the DC area and become a more regional act.
3517	0	Zaccio	5	The beginning was very hard with 4 straight defeats.
3520	0	Transculturalism	3	Another source of transculturalism is the work of American and Russian critical thinker Mikhail Epstein, beginning in 1982, and later supported by Ellen Berry, Arianna Dagnino, Slobodanka Vladiv–Glover and others.
3566	0	The Dirt (film)	6	He fires McGhee for bringing Deana to visit him.
3576	0	Hal Hartley	8	"Hartley achieved his greatest commercial and critical success with his next feature, ""Henry Fool"" (1997), a darkly comic drama about a near-catatonic garbageman, Simon Grim (James Urbaniak), and his sister Fay (Parker Posey), who meet Henry Fool (Thomas Jay Ryan), a libertine and aspiring novelist who inspires Simon to write and seduces Fay and her depressed mother (Maria Porter)."