sentence: Our results show that oltipraz alleviates neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation and PI3K / p-Akt , phosphorylated inhibitor of kappaBalpha ( p-IkappaBalpha ) , and MAPK overexpression , and by normalizing and / or enhancing the expression of antioxidant proteins , nuclear factor erythroid derived-2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) , heme oxygenase 1 ( HO-1 ) , and NAD ( P ) H : quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( NQO1 ) in the spinal cord .