sentence: The cold feed of pure water , v˙Cin ( mL / min ) , with a conductivity of 7 μ S / cm , was pumped similarly at a fixed rate of 40 mL / min and a constant temperature of 17 ° C.The flow rates of both feeds were controlled by an electronic pump drive , while saltwater feed , softwater membrane inlet , and outflow were recorded electronically using Bronkhorst CORI-FLOW ™ series mass flow meters .