sentence: Language may also serve to reinforce associations learned from the environment : for instance , odor – color associations differ depending on how odors are described ( de Valk et al ., 2017 ; Goubet et al ., 2018 ; Speed & Majid , 2018 ) , and the mapping between thickness and pitch is more robust in young children who are learning a language that uses a thickness metaphor to describe pitch ( Shayan et al ., 2014 ) .