sentence: Our results are in agreement with previous studies that observed the inhibition of microglia , MAPK , and cytokines induced by other Nrf2 transcription factor activators in the spinal cord of sciatic nerve-injured animals [ 30,31 ] and further demonstrate the participation of microglia , PI3K / p-Akt , p-IKB α , and MAPK in the analgesic effects induced by oltipraz in animals with persistent neuropathic pain.The critical role of oxidative stress in the development of neuropathic pain has also been shown [ 12,51 ] .