sentence: The cohort data comprised 10,390 VLBW infants born between January 5 , 2013 , and November 19 , 2017 , weighing less than 1500 g. Infants who had died before three postnatal days since the confirmation of sPDA was impossible , those who had received prophylactic or presymptomatic PDA treatment , and those who had major congenital anomalies were excluded .