sentence: Noninvasive studies showed that ripples are often seen at the same time as spikes ,23 , 24 , 33 but it is uncertain whether such temporal concurrence reflects a common cortical source underlying the two biomarkers , or two separate generators , which are spatially distinct albeit active simultaneously.This study aims to : ( 1 ) assess the ability of high ‐ density EEG ( HD ‐ EEG ) and MEG to localize ripples with respect to the intracranial gold standard ( i.e ., icEEG ripples ) , ( 2 ) distinguish between scalp ripples temporally co ‐ occurring with spikes ( ripples ‐ on ‐ spike ) and independent from spikes ( ripples ‐ alone ) , and ( 3 ) evaluate their localizing value as biomarkers of the EZ in children with refractory epilepsy .