sentence: Lee et al. meanwhile showed that the flavonoid Cudraflavone C was a novel natural drug for the treatment of melanoma ; this drug could activate the phosphorylation of MAPKs ( p38 , ERK , and JNK ) and increase the expression of apoptosis proteins ( Bax , cytochrome c , caspase-9 , and caspase-3 / 7 ) to induce the apoptosis of melanoma cells by increasing mitochondrial ROS production [ 108 ] .