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+s6liSQH7jxQ-00000-00000208-00000719 good morning
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00001-00000720-00001054 it is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00002-00001055-00001491 yes it's transformation tuesday raw
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00003-00001492-00001798 stars i'm back from l.a
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00004-00001800-00002079 it was amazing vacation i had a lot of
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00005-00002080-00002255 fun let me tell you though it's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00006-00002256-00002534 nice to get back to your routine i got
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00007-00002535-00002671 back to my groove
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00008-00002672-00002895 all right i got my workout in this
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00009-00002896-00003039 morning on the trfc
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00010-00003040-00003270 and i'm feeling amazing all right let me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00011-00003271-00003406 tell you guys when you start your day
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00012-00003407-00003590 with a workout you feel like
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00013-00003592-00003838 fire like fire let's see what's going on
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00014-00003839-00004015 right here i gotta
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00015-00004015-00004231 all right i gotta be able to see you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00016-00004232-00004406 guys we're in the comments
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00017-00004407-00004806 all right all right there we go okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00018-00004807-00004983 so i see you guys you're popping on
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00019-00004984-00005175 somebody send me a comment so i'll know
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00020-00005176-00005302 that you're there
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00021-00005303-00005583 are you there let me see all right i got
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00022-00005584-00005759 the star sanders
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00023-00005760-00005967 all right guys good morning facebook
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00024-00005968-00006159 family i want to tell you something
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00025-00006160-00006422 i have the secret sauce to being healthy
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00026-00006423-00006518 forever
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00027-00006519-00006751 do you want to know what it is who wants
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00028-00006752-00006934 to know
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00029-00006936-00007223 how to stay healthy forever i want to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00030-00007223-00007375 tell you how to stay healthy forever
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00031-00007376-00007487 because i read
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00032-00007488-00007887 so hey yasenya i read scientific
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00033-00007888-00008095 journals hey angelina
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00034-00008095-00008310 there we go hey natasha good morning
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00035-00008311-00008399 sweetheart
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00036-00008400-00008791 brian is in the house okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00037-00008792-00009046 i see legally good morning sunshine
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00038-00009047-00009255 shawn is in the house hey baby shawn
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00039-00009256-00009446 what's up come to mexico
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00040-00009447-00009751 hey reginald full of fire jalena how are
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00041-00009752-00009895 you listen you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00042-00009896-00010039 i'm gonna tell you guys are you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00043-00010040-00010278 listening natasha coming mexico
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00044-00010279-00010359 sweetheart
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00045-00010360-00010671 listen lily patrick
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00046-00010672-00011087 listen up hey sylvia
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00047-00011088-00011414 listen up janice is coming to mexico
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00048-00011415-00011631 my rosters are coming we're going to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00049-00011632-00011783 have so much fun and that's part of what
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00050-00011784-00011895 i want to tell you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00051-00011896-00012023 that's part of my hey marilyn that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00052-00012024-00012263 part of what i'm going to tell you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00053-00012264-00012463 do you know that i was reading a
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00054-00012464-00012695 scientific study
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00055-00012696-00012958 about health and how the body works do
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00056-00012959-00013127 you know there's a lot of
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00057-00013128-00013366 toxins in the world right there's a lot
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00058-00013368-00013583 of negativity in the world
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00059-00013584-00013743 there's a lot of things in the world
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00060-00013744-00014030 that our body is constantly fighting off
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00061-00014031-00014094 right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00062-00014095-00014311 and so we have this is the thing about
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00063-00014312-00014455 our bodies right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00064-00014456-00014758 our bodies are self-healing organisms
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00065-00014759-00015071 but we have to get ourselves at a state
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00066-00015072-00015303 of positive energy and positive
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00067-00015304-00015399 vibration
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00068-00015400-00015719 so that we can heal so that we can heal
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00069-00015719-00016079 so listen you guys there are ways that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00070-00016080-00016294 you can heal your body
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00071-00016295-00016543 and there are ways that you can make
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00072-00016544-00016703 yourself sick right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00073-00016704-00016903 so i'm going to tell you one way that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00074-00016904-00017167 you can heal your body is with oxytocin
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00075-00017168-00017327 does anybody know what that is hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00076-00017328-00017455 nathaniel
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00077-00017456-00017822 who knows what oxytocin is hey shiru
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00078-00017823-00018343 who knows what oxytocin is hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00079-00018344-00018814 it's a it's a it's like a drug
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00080-00018815-00019086 but it's a happy hormone are you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00081-00019087-00019222 listening to me sometimes i feel like
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00082-00019223-00019375 i'm talking to myself
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00083-00019376-00019694 hey nathaniel who knows what oxytocin is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00084-00019695-00019943 who knows what oxytocin is i'm going to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00085-00019944-00020103 tell you what it is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00086-00020104-00020414 all right i'll get approval for mercy
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00087-00020415-00020455 yeah
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00088-00020456-00020863 sean okay listen you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00089-00020864-00021158 oxytocin is that thing that you feel on
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00090-00021159-00021263 the inside and
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00091-00021264-00021678 you're like oh that feels good
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00092-00021679-00021822 all right so let me tell you when you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00093-00021823-00022030 get oxytocin
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00094-00022031-00022350 after sex you start having sex
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00095-00022351-00022599 you start producing more oxytocin that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00096-00022600-00022822 like a love hormone that is like
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00097-00022823-00023007 something in your body that makes you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00098-00023008-00023183 feel good but actually
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00099-00023184-00023558 it heals you it heals you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00100-00023559-00023839 you know when else you get oxytocin
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00101-00023840-00024119 after working out hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00102-00024120-00024350 so you start to get that feeling that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00103-00024351-00024558 hormone like oh god i know some of you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00104-00024559-00024711 guys might have gotten there yet but i
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00105-00024712-00024863 get there when i get that workout
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00106-00024864-00025047 that's when i pop on here and i talk to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00107-00025048-00025214 you guys which you see and we say
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00108-00025215-00025367 tiffany has so much energy
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00109-00025368-00025687 that's oxytocin and serotonin right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00110-00025688-00025943 that makes you feel good but listen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00111-00025944-00026111 listen there's another time that you get
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00112-00026112-00026199 that right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00113-00026200-00026390 when you're with people that you love
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00114-00026391-00026518 when you're with people that you love
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00115-00026519-00026670 and you're free to love them your
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00116-00026672-00026767 children
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00117-00026768-00027055 your parents your spouse all of that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00118-00027056-00027279 love energy that oxytocin
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00119-00027280-00027599 heals your body okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00120-00027600-00027767 now there's another thing that happens
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00121-00027768-00028046 right that's stress hormone
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00122-00028047-00028383 stress hormone when you're constantly
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00123-00028383-00028695 worried about something all right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00124-00028695-00028951 you're worried about not having enough
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00125-00028952-00029007 right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00126-00029008-00029327 and it's about not being worthy yourself
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00127-00029327-00029462 right when you don't feel good about
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00128-00029463-00029679 yourself then you're constantly
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00129-00029680-00029799 operating and oh
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00130-00029800-00030014 there's never enough there's never
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00131-00030016-00030214 enough love there's never enough money
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00132-00030216-00030311 there's never enough
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00133-00030312-00030623 time there's never enough energy never
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00134-00030624-00030927 enough listen you guys what's up have
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00135-00030927-00031070 you ever felt that way before when
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00136-00031072-00031287 you're operating and not enough
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00137-00031288-00031574 right he doesn't love me enough she
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00138-00031575-00031718 doesn't love me enough there's not
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00139-00031719-00031814 enough money for this
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00140-00031816-00031983 there's not enough time for this i don't
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00141-00031983-00032158 have enough energy for that but not
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00142-00032160-00032295 enoughness
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00143-00032295-00032623 right that produces a stress hormone
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00144-00032624-00032862 right a stress hormone that you do not
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00145-00032863-00033095 want because the stress hormone
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00146-00033096-00033383 breaks you down from the inside out it
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00147-00033384-00033639 breaks you down it does not lift you up
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00148-00033640-00033927 like the happy hormones it does not all
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00149-00033928-00034087 right and then your body
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00150-00034088-00034279 starts to fight against the stress
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00151-00034280-00034390 hormone right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00152-00034391-00034607 with cortisol it starts to fight against
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00153-00034608-00034783 the stress so every time you're feeling
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00154-00034784-00034967 like you're not enough your body gets
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00155-00034968-00035118 into fight or flight mode
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00156-00035119-00035302 you're fighting against yourself are you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00157-00035303-00035527 guys feeling me you are fighting against
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00158-00035528-00035711 yourself you're saying oh my god like
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00159-00035712-00035887 i know i'm enough but you're saying i'm
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00160-00035888-00036071 not enough and i know i want to do it
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00161-00036072-00036183 but i can't do it
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00162-00036184-00036351 and they'll constantly have this battle
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00163-00036352-00036502 inside and that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00164-00036503-00036783 breaks down your cellular construction
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00165-00036784-00036943 right we get i'm preaching to you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00166-00036944-00036990 this morning
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00167-00036991-00037159 it's transformation tuesday i'm going to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00168-00037160-00037367 tell you how to turn your health around
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00169-00037368-00037407 right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00170-00037408-00037607 so when you have that inner battle hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00171-00037608-00037759 natalie nathaniel thank you for your
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00172-00037760-00037855 stars baby
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00173-00037856-00038118 when you have that inner battle inside
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00174-00038119-00038199 of you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00175-00038200-00038502 right that breaks you down that breaks
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00176-00038503-00038735 you down and when you get broken down
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00177-00038736-00039071 right then your cells don't repair oh my
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00178-00039072-00039183 god why
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00179-00039184-00039390 when you got a broken down feeling on
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00180-00039391-00039615 the inside then your cells
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00181-00039616-00039846 they don't repair they don't heal
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00182-00039847-00039918 themselves
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00183-00039919-00040167 and that's when this ease right you hear
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00184-00040168-00040230 me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00185-00040231-00040623 dis ease ease is like hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00186-00040624-00040839 you got ease and grace when you have
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00187-00040840-00040967 dis-ease that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00188-00040968-00041239 disease that is against easing grace
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00189-00041240-00041335 you're like oh
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00190-00041336-00041702 no i can't i'm not enough
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00191-00041703-00041974 how you don't want that in your life you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00192-00041975-00042207 don't want that in your life so
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00193-00042208-00042487 you always have a choice i'ma tell you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00194-00042488-00042687 this is how you get this is how you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00195-00042688-00043079 stay healthy forever you choose
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00196-00043080-00043358 you choose love and it has to start with
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00197-00043359-00043430 you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00198-00043431-00043718 you choose abundance you choose
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00199-00043719-00043855 possibility
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00200-00043856-00044271 you choose connection you choose to live
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00201-00044272-00044527 greatly and when you do that you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00202-00044528-00044702 when you fill yourself up with all that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00203-00044703-00044855 love and positive energy
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00204-00044856-00045143 and health and wealth then you live
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00205-00045144-00045374 longer because your body
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00206-00045375-00045655 starts to repair any negativity right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00207-00045656-00045751 hey gwen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00208-00045752-00045999 gwen we're going to mexico baby oh my
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00209-00046000-00046174 god i'm so excited i can't wait to meet
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00210-00046175-00046246 you live
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00211-00046247-00046623 all right so listen gwen has chosen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00212-00046624-00046718 herself
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00213-00046719-00047015 janice has chosen herself and has chosen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00214-00047016-00047215 herself when you choose yourself
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00215-00047216-00047415 to celebrate your life right that's what
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00216-00047416-00047599 we do when we're going to mexico you say
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00217-00047600-00047943 i choose me right i choose me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00218-00047944-00048167 you always have bills you always have
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00219-00048168-00048311 things that you have to do
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00220-00048312-00048567 you always have um stuff that gets to be
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00221-00048568-00048639 paid
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00222-00048640-00048902 but when do you get to choose your
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00223-00048903-00048967 health
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00224-00048968-00049311 your happiness connection choose
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00225-00049312-00049630 you yes carla choose you sometimes if
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00226-00049631-00049815 you choose everybody else you get that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00227-00049816-00050007 broken down scarcity feeling
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00228-00050008-00050311 and that creates disease disease and
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00229-00050312-00050399 this is why
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00230-00050400-00050718 hey shavita this is why i want us to go
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00231-00050719-00050815 to tulum
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00232-00050816-00051135 because listen this past year
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00233-00051136-00051558 this past year we have post-traumatic
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00234-00051559-00051854 covenant disorder there's disease
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00235-00051855-00052119 floating all around us and we have to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00236-00052120-00052438 continue to be free we have to continue
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00237-00052439-00052638 to love ourselves we have to continue to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00238-00052639-00052735 build ourselves
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00239-00052736-00052959 up in love and connection and hope and
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00240-00052960-00053159 abundance and when you do that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00241-00053160-00053526 yourselves flower and they heal
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00242-00053527-00053679 they flower and they heal from the
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00243-00053679-00053799 inside out a lot of times you don't
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00244-00053800-00053975 realize what stress does to your body
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00245-00053976-00054087 from the inside out
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00246-00054088-00054471 so choose yourself choose yourself okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00247-00054472-00054671 choose yourself cheryl that's it that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00248-00054672-00054799 it later so
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00249-00054800-00055054 now let me tell you a lot of times it's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00250-00055055-00055230 hard if everybody around you is so
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00251-00055232-00055342 negative
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00252-00055344-00055559 everybody's already so negative that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00253-00055560-00055711 why i come on here you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00254-00055712-00055911 to let you know that there is another
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00255-00055912-00056103 way there's another way
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00256-00056104-00056423 to live there's another way to celebrate
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00257-00056424-00056479 right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00258-00056479-00056638 so i'm talking about this i'm gonna be
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00259-00056639-00056847 talking about this until the retreat is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00260-00056848-00056919 filled up
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00261-00056920-00057103 until the next retreat is booked out
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00262-00057104-00057230 because listen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00263-00057232-00057542 sometimes you gotta put yourself in an
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00264-00057544-00057791 energy pod i want you to come into an
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00265-00057791-00057926 energy pod with me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00266-00057927-00058103 into little it's an energy i'm going to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00267-00058104-00058263 take you into my arms
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00268-00058264-00058503 i'm going to fill you up with so much
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00269-00058504-00058735 self love so much self care
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00270-00058736-00058919 so much fit fierce and fabulous living
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00271-00058920-00059094 that you're going to be like bam
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00272-00059095-00059279 you're going to leave 10 years younger
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00273-00059279-00059430 than when you came right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00274-00059432-00059582 that's what happens when you roll with
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00275-00059583-00059903 me right ow it's not energy that you see
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00276-00059904-00060191 it is self-love and healing my body is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00277-00060191-00060366 healing every single day that i connect
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00278-00060367-00060559 with you guys and i do my workouts
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00279-00060560-00060799 that i show up and i make something
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00280-00060800-00060863 happen
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00281-00060864-00061038 that's what i want for you guys that's
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00282-00061039-00061191 what i want for you guys for you to be
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00283-00061191-00061271 connected
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00284-00061272-00061471 for you to be on fire and alive on the
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00285-00061472-00061582 inside okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00286-00061583-00062006 so listen ccc
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00287-00062007-00062366 eagles fff hey now listen if you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00288-00062367-00062494 are listening
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00289-00062495-00062806 if the person that signs up today good
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00290-00062807-00062911 morning wendy
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00291-00062912-00063182 is going to get a special treat if you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00292-00063183-00063375 sign up if you are listening to my
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00293-00063376-00063479 message
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00294-00063479-00063638 i'm going to put a link to sign up for
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00295-00063639-00063823 the retreat you put your
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00296-00063824-00064079 your deposit down you say tiffany i'm
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00297-00064079-00064238 going with you to retweet i'm going to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00298-00064239-00064391 buy you a present
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00299-00064391-00064550 i'm going to buy you a present you know
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00300-00064551-00065326 what it is oh let me show you what it is
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00301-00065327-00065687 now this is just if you sign up two day
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00302-00065688-00066350 right okay i got these shoes
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00303-00066351-00066615 are these fabulous or what are these
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00304-00066616-00066823 beautiful
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00305-00066824-00067023 all right we got that green for
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00306-00067024-00067159 abundance
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00307-00067160-00067375 we got that pink for fifth pierce and
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00308-00067376-00067503 fabulous
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00309-00067504-00067911 wendy where do you see this
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00310-00067912-00068231 you see on this shoe that says c
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00311-00068232-00068823 c c constant consistent commitment yes
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00312-00068824-00069199 the next shoe says f
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00313-00069200-00069503 f f what
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00314-00069504-00069831 okay c c c equals
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00315-00069832-00070215 f f are these fierce or what right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00316-00070216-00070687 all right ccc equals fff listen you guys
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00317-00070688-00071055 whoever signs up for the fake fierce and
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00318-00071056-00071182 fabulous retreat
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00319-00071183-00071419 i'm going to send you a pair of these
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00320-00071420-00071559 customized
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00321-00071560-00072006 one-of-a-kind ccc fff
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00322-00072007-00072391 shoes right that's right sign up today
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00323-00072392-00072606 and you get i'm going to send you some
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00324-00072607-00072750 ccc
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00325-00072751-00073175 fff shoes that's because i love to hear
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00326-00073176-00073438 it makes me happy and i want to tell you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00327-00073439-00073582 guys that i'm behind you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00328-00073583-00073847 100 so i'm going to put this link in
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00329-00073848-00073887 there
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00330-00073888-00074191 are they right sign up today this is a
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00331-00074192-00074415 special offer for today only
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00332-00074416-00074631 whoever signs up for the fifth piercing
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00333-00074632-00074726 baptist retreat
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00334-00074727-00075062 will get these shoes today ccc
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00335-00075063-00075335 fff are you guys feeling me say with me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00336-00075336-00075567 ccc
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00337-00075568-00075831 fff i'm going to put a link in the
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00338-00075832-00075959 description box
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00339-00075960-00076311 about these shoes and if you sign up
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00340-00076312-00076559 i'm going to order these and send them
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00341-00076560-00076711 to your house
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00342-00076712-00076950 to your house these are one of a kind
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00343-00076951-00077126 you can't buy them in the stores
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00344-00077127-00077431 you can only get them from me here we go
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00345-00077432-00077838 ccc fff these are nikes
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00346-00077839-00078094 these are figures these are priceless
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00347-00078095-00078182 right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00348-00078183-00078303 we're going to be the only ones that
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00349-00078304-00078550 have them you and me all right okay
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00350-00078551-00078775 i love you guys all right so i'm gonna
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00351-00078776-00078999 put the link in here you guys passing on
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00352-00079000-00079238 i'm gonna be watching whoever signs up
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00353-00079239-00079319 and says i
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00354-00079320-00079623 commit to healing myself by self love
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00355-00079624-00079726 and self care
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00356-00079727-00079919 i want to be in that circle with you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00357-00079920-00080087 tiffany that's what it means when you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00358-00080088-00080135 sign up
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00359-00080136-00080447 cheryl oh my god roster you need to be
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00360-00080448-00080582 at this retreat
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00361-00080583-00080919 you need to be here all right hey shrew
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00362-00080920-00081215 how are you baby is it shiru shari all
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00363-00081216-00081375 right so you guys feeling me
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00364-00081376-00081582 that's what's happening today tell a
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00365-00081583-00081735 friend if you can't come
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00366-00081736-00081999 tell a friend all right and you get to
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00367-00082000-00082223 make this happen for yourself all right
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00368-00082224-00082382 i love you guys with all my heart
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00369-00082383-00082599 remember self-care is self-love hey
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00370-00082600-00082679 marilyn
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00371-00082680-00082943 i want my raw stars listen rostars get
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00372-00082944-00083062 on this please
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00373-00083063-00083399 get on it okay listen i want you to take
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00374-00083400-00083535 care of yourself i'm going to take care
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00375-00083536-00083655 of you when you come to this retreat
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00376-00083656-00083782 you're going to know what it feels like
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00377-00083783-00083887 to be treated
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00378-00083888-00084118 fabulously to have your crown on your
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00379-00084119-00084311 head i'm going to celebrate you in ways
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00380-00084312-00084359 that you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00381-00084360-00084671 never ever imagined deny
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00382-00084672-00084967 chocolate i love you sweetie how are you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00383-00084968-00085062 we are holding you
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00384-00085063-00085279 high we're holding you very high for
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00385-00085280-00085382 your healing to be
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00386-00085383-00085671 speedy and fast and incredible we got
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00387-00085672-00085971 you rostar i love you sweetheart
+s6liSQH7jxQ-00388-00085972-00086272 bye
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00001-00004518-00005152 people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00002-00005153-00005663 all right great people Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00003-00005664-00005993 all right Freedom Fighters
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00004-00005994-00006209 lovers of Freedom great people all over
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00005-00006210-00006539 the world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00006-00006540-00006827 I welcome you all today in the name of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00007-00006828-00007283 jukoke
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00008-00007284-00009859 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00009-00009860-00010114 we followed him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00010-00010115-00010474 because we believed him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00011-00010475-00010751 I am back again today to preach the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00012-00010752-00011105 gospel of redemption
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00013-00011106-00011381 and gospel of biafran restoration
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00014-00011382-00011555 project
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00015-00011556-00011891 because we have come to stay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00016-00011892-00012235 I greet you great people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00017-00012236-00012587 you are welcome
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00018-00012588-00012910 endurance you are welcome I want people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00019-00012911-00013085 to write their name
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00020-00013086-00013403 if I can be able to cause some names
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00021-00013404-00013757 before I will proceed
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00022-00013758-00013991 I'm here today to talk about what is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00023-00013991-00014286 going on in that contraption
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00024-00014287-00014638 I'm here today to talk about this is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00025-00014640-00014801 going to be my preamble
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00026-00014802-00014944 things that I'm going to talk about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00027-00014945-00015311 today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00028-00015312-00016049 um blessing art you are welcome
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00029-00016050-00016463 are you are welcome as you are joining
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00030-00016464-00016811 don't biafran CJ you are welcome as you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00031-00016812-00017171 are joining don't hesitate to invite
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00032-00017172-00017297 your friends
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00033-00017298-00017525 invite those that are around you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00034-00017526-00017741 tell them to come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00035-00017742-00018143 because what we are preaching here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00036-00018144-00018689 is the way out to our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00037-00018690-00018965 you know I am the biafran child watching
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00038-00018966-00019367 I don't do Saga but I preaching what our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00039-00019368-00019721 people supposed to hear
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00040-00019722-00020117 today I'm going to talk about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00041-00020118-00020489 the uh Katrina line
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00042-00020490-00021022 what Katrina line said about this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00043-00021023-00021263 the election the president presidential
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00044-00021264-00021629 election and Assembly election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00045-00021630-00022085 she said the election is facilitating
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00046-00022086-00022372 I'm also going to talk about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00047-00022373-00022571 today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00048-00022572-00022908 did you do of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00049-00022909-00023386 azoga and Simone bileman
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00050-00023387-00023591 I'm also going to talk about those
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00051-00023592-00024094 people that are tearing their passports
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00052-00024095-00024377 and I'm going to also show some videos
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00053-00024378-00024599 to our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00054-00024600-00024785 so that you will understand what is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00055-00024786-00024964 happening
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00056-00024965-00025336 I'm not going to take much of your time
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00057-00025337-00025612 it's going to be a quick one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00058-00025613-00025883 so as you are coming don't hesitate to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00059-00025883-00026075 invite your friends
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00060-00026076-00026458 invite those that are around you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00061-00026460-00026893 you know we talk things that matters
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00062-00026894-00027287 is still in DSS dungeon
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00063-00027288-00027743 and I am not going to deviate from that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00064-00027744-00028012 I'm going to continue preaching
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00065-00028013-00028337 the gospel to our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00066-00028338-00028651 and um
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00067-00028652-00029046 also the prisoner of conscience
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00068-00029047-00029302 have been discharged from the court of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00069-00029304-00029573 appeal the competent Court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00070-00029574-00029770 but today they are still holding a mass
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00071-00029772-00030035 in namdecano
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00072-00030036-00030208 and it's something that we are not going
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00073-00030210-00030670 to shy away from we always face reality
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00074-00030672-00030874 we are telling the world that they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00075-00030875-00031061 should look
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00076-00031062-00031487 into Mazi namdecano Mata
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00077-00031488-00031805 Katrina line like I said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00078-00031806-00032008 when our leader we are telling us that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00079-00032010-00032296 all these people you see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00080-00032297-00032579 all these high commissioners
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00081-00032580-00032843 from America from Britain from every
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00082-00032844-00032999 part of the world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00083-00033000-00033268 they are all compromised
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00084-00033269-00033461 that is why you see they never tell
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00085-00033462-00033659 their citizens
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00086-00033660-00033868 what is happening or they never report
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00087-00033869-00034259 to their government what is going on
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00088-00034260-00034655 and that is why sometimes the word
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00089-00034656-00034967 they are blind in what is happening to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00090-00034968-00035207 people of Africa or those people that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00091-00035208-00035339 find themselves in that Contraption
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00092-00035340-00035533 called them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00093-00035534-00035801 we are going to also talk about the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00094-00035802-00036083 index of Boko Haram those that they were
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00095-00036084-00036407 I mean those people that they are part
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00096-00036408-00036574 of those that carry the investigation
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00097-00036575-00036809 about the Boko Haram
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00098-00036810-00037024 then you will know that these people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00099-00037025-00037390 just want to put fear in US
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00100-00037391-00037751 for us to abandon Biafra because you are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00101-00037752-00038068 coming to call us terrorists who cares
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00102-00038069-00038237 and we are going to also listen to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00103-00038238-00038687 Martin what he said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00104-00038688-00039089 we are here to set the record straight
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00105-00039090-00039287 but let me introduce myself to you all
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00106-00039288-00039568 some of you that are here now or those
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00107-00039569-00039827 of you that are also going to watch this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00108-00039828-00040151 broadcast later
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00109-00040152-00040912 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00110-00040913-00041093 The General
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00111-00041094-00041452 I am from ihala in anambra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00112-00041453-00041962 Prince Biafra you are welcome
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00113-00041963-00042130 in anambra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00114-00042131-00042430 anambraim Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00115-00042431-00042899 ID I am ipob under chain of command
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00116-00042900-00043301 number
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00117-00043302-00043511 is the leader of indigenous people of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00118-00043512-00043765 Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00119-00043766-00044218 also the director of radio Biafra and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00120-00044219-00044718 biafran television worldwide
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00121-00044719-00045046 is the highest commander and the highest
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00122-00045047-00045305 Authority in this movement that we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00123-00045306-00045646 the biafran restoration project
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00124-00045647-00046062 but on absence of Madison
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00125-00046063-00046337 is the one in charge
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00126-00046338-00046643 and everything that he says goes
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00127-00046644-00046871 any person that he removes you can never
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00128-00046872-00047015 come back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00129-00047016-00047380 if we expelled you your own is gone
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00130-00047381-00047668 if we give you indefinitely suspension
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00131-00047669-00047861 your own is gone you are not going to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00132-00047862-00048029 return again believe you me are not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00133-00048030-00048340 going to return
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00134-00048341-00048565 and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00135-00048566-00049001 Biafra is our religion
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00136-00049002-00049223 in radio Biafra is where we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00137-00049224-00049679 worshiping
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00138-00049680-00049955 is our God
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00139-00049956-00050230 now let me go further
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00140-00050231-00050633 like I said let me bring out my preamble
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00141-00050634-00050879 so that all of you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00142-00050880-00051244 we see what I'm going to preach today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00143-00051245-00051520 because I have gotten to that level
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00144-00051521-00051808 that I don't have to come here and begin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00145-00051809-00052138 to shout on top of my voice
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00146-00052139-00052480 when I speak I show you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00147-00052482-00052804 then you are going to be the witness
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00148-00052805-00053291 and now let us go to our leaders
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00149-00053291-00053699 let us hear what tomorrow said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00150-00053700-00053957 because there is no how we can ever come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00151-00053958-00054166 here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00152-00054167-00054419 we start telling the world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00153-00054420-00054713 said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00154-00054714-00055061 about putting our name
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00155-00055062-00055385 in the depth or index
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00156-00055386-00055673 of the terrorist group we are not going
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00157-00055674-00055841 to run away
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00158-00055841-00056011 and our leaders
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00159-00056012-00056369 have said a time with that number
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00160-00056370-00056735 remember what Muslim said before
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00161-00056736-00056921 he said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00162-00056922-00057161 we are not going to pay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00163-00057162-00057382 BBC
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00164-00057383-00057713 we are not going to pay any of them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00165-00057714-00057899 but when time comes
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00166-00057900-00058187 they are going to mention our name
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00167-00058188-00058600 did it happen yes it did happen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00168-00058601-00058913 wish the BBC International
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00169-00058914-00059285 also wrote a letter to me
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00170-00059286-00059663 and they did a documentary about Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00171-00059664-00059926 struggle we did not pay them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00172-00059927-00060250 because they go tights and they have to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00173-00060251-00060419 talk about us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00174-00060420-00060713 did we pay them the answer is no man's
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00175-00060714-00060929 in them they can't talk about it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00176-00060929-00061204 and also in a program of marzin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00177-00061205-00061576 namdecano he also let us know that if
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00178-00061577-00061829 they never call you or begin to think
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00179-00061829-00062111 about you know putting fear in you to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00180-00062112-00062369 stop agitating by putting your name in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00181-00062370-00062650 terrorist group you never started that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00182-00062651-00062813 is when the world will begin to hear
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00183-00062814-00062975 about you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00184-00062976-00063257 they thought that we are coming here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00185-00063258-00063461 when you say this we are going to run
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00186-00063462-00063700 away no we can never do that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00187-00063701-00064066 we never tackle we never bomb anything
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00188-00064067-00064319 American citizens we never kill any
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00189-00064320-00064661 American citizen we never kill anybody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00190-00064662-00064925 we never kill any British citizen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00191-00064926-00065242 we don't have a problem with the world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00192-00065244-00065513 only the problem we have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00193-00065514-00065885 is that we are fighting for survival
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00194-00065886-00066311 we are fighting to have our nation
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00195-00066312-00066532 we are not isba
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00196-00066533-00066821 we are not Boko Haram that they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00197-00066822-00067037 kidnapping every single day they kidnap
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00198-00067038-00067475 Shiba girls is it ipob the answer is no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00199-00067476-00067793 they went to Abuja they they destroy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00200-00067794-00068141 with the Bumble a trainer is it ipob the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00201-00068142-00068369 answer is no it's a terrorist group in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00202-00068370-00068626 northern part of Nigeria Boko Haram and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00203-00068627-00068747 Israel
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00204-00068748-00068969 they are adopting every single day
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00205-00068970-00069209 threatening people remember when they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00206-00069210-00069359 said that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00207-00069360-00069575 the terrorist group is about to take
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00208-00069576-00069923 take over the federal capital is it ipob
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00209-00069924-00070144 the answer is no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00210-00070145-00070415 and I showed you people before we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00211-00070416-00070673 the international communities are living
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00212-00070674-00070961 that Contraption called them because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00213-00070962-00071309 the threats of the terrorists are we the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00214-00071310-00071494 one that threatening them the answer is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00215-00071495-00071579 no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00216-00071580-00071825 so that is the reason why we are not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00217-00071826-00072023 going to listen to them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00218-00072024-00072343 that is the reason why they can go to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00219-00072344-00072617 Britain and pay them some of huge of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00220-00072618-00072923 amount and begin to write nonsense we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00221-00072924-00073181 don't care and they believe you me the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00222-00073182-00073331 world can never support them because we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00223-00073332-00073553 never done anything to the world we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00224-00073554-00073799 just fighting for our freedom we just
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00225-00073800-00074009 want to go back to the way I mean the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00226-00074010-00074200 way we are before the Colonial people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00227-00074201-00074429 came that is what we're asking for we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00228-00074430-00074626 never kill anybody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00229-00074627-00074921 The Killing from 1945 up to date they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00230-00074922-00075131 are only killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00231-00075132-00075388 now after the election they are still
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00232-00075389-00075563 killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00233-00075564-00075791 in northern part of Nigeria they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00234-00075792-00075982 killing our people we are the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00235-00075983-00076312 sacrificial lamp and today they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00236-00076313-00076469 paying people every single day like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00237-00076470-00076762 Muhammad paying people every day for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00238-00076763-00077117 them to put our name in a terrorist so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00239-00077118-00077393 that we they will put fear in us no we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00240-00077394-00077537 are not going to be afraid of anybody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00241-00077538-00077723 and I want you people to listen to what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00242-00077724-00078017 olindu said about this index of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00243-00078018-00078250 terrorists or whatever they may call it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00244-00078251-00078581 we never did anything to anybody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00245-00078582-00078844 named
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00246-00078845-00079241 2017.
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00247-00079242-00079625 Nigerian terrorists in uniform they came
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00248-00079626-00079943 to afaruki Big with their battalion
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00249-00079944-00080197 with the fighter jet
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00250-00080198-00080749 with the I mean with the amount tankers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00251-00080750-00081125 looking for only one man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00252-00081126-00081335 in the process of looking for that man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00253-00081336-00081781 to assassinate him they killed 28
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00254-00081782-00082115 vibrant and healthy mans
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00255-00082116-00082361 they kill them on blood daylight
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00256-00082362-00082769 the world has seen that too
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00257-00082770-00083129 and they kill a lot of our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00258-00083130-00083338 in the process they are running for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00259-00083339-00083447 their life
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00260-00083448-00083776 we discovered a lot of dead bodies in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00261-00083777-00084076 the bushes and Forest because they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00262-00084077-00084221 couldn't make it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00263-00084222-00084623 but 28 men died the same particular
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00264-00084624-00084911 place and the same particular point in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00265-00084912-00085229 afaruki vehicle in a house of as a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00266-00085230-00085559 Israel and Lolo is a local
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00267-00085560-00085831 we haven't forgot that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00268-00085832-00086062 kind of escaped
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00269-00086063-00086735 by the special Grace of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00270-00086736-00087059 he helped him he escaped
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00271-00087060-00087394 now they also look for him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00272-00087395-00087676 after the Zuko Nigeria committed that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00273-00087677-00087959 crime against humanity the world are not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00274-00087960-00088091 listening
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00275-00088092-00088511 they see it they are blind because they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00276-00088512-00088732 are beneficiary of the resources that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00277-00088733-00088949 they are coming out from our land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00278-00088950-00089267 and they know that we are the children
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00279-00089268-00089644 of Chicago that we can stand and we can
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00280-00089645-00089903 make Africa grow because that is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00281-00089904-00089981 problem
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00282-00089982-00090299 one person one country have to rise
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00283-00090300-00090629 before other we follow join this suit
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00284-00090630-00090899 and that is the reason why they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00285-00090900-00091043 holding us down
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00286-00091044-00091349 at the same time we are crying they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00287-00091350-00091643 knocking on our heads tell us not to cry
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00288-00091644-00091835 now do you understand what we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00289-00091836-00091918 talking about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00290-00091919-00092099 they are beating you are beating your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00291-00092100-00092326 your your your your your son or your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00292-00092327-00092543 daughter a kid and you are telling the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00293-00092544-00092771 kid not to cry is it possible the answer
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00294-00092772-00093173 is no that is why we are crying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00295-00093174-00093515 we told the election people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00296-00093516-00093875 come back let us be in one Accord
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00297-00093876-00094117 to push this biafran restoration project
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00298-00094118-00094426 to the Limit that the world will know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00299-00094427-00094649 that we have tried
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00300-00094650-00095009 our people said no it's election now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00301-00095010-00095405 after devoting our brother Peter Obi did
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00302-00095406-00095573 not want the election but they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00303-00095574-00095782 killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00304-00095783-00096215 they are killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00305-00096216-00096467 and when I'm saying all these things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00306-00096468-00096659 people don't seem to understand some
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00307-00096660-00096785 people will think that I'm coming here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00308-00096786-00096994 just to talk no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00309-00096995-00097379 we are we have come to stay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00310-00097380-00097715 and on this consistency we are going to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00311-00097716-00097937 keep on saying what we are saying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00312-00097938-00098179 we are telling the Nigerian government
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00313-00098180-00098435 the Boku Haram and the terrorist
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00314-00098436-00098681 government of that contraption that they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00315-00098682-00098981 should listen and become for us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00316-00098982-00099299 election have come and gone
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00317-00099300-00099688 they have already selected who they want
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00318-00099689-00099965 now can somebody tell me the crime of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00319-00099966-00100223 Mars in namdecano now why shouldn't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00320-00100224-00100462 these people release our leader for us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00321-00100463-00100829 let us go and take care of this man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00322-00100830-00101176 let him just get himself back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00323-00101177-00101381 because the reason why they kidnapped
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00324-00101382-00101562 our leader from Kenya
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00325-00101563-00101771 renditioned him to that Contraption
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00326-00101772-00101987 called dominable zoo is because of the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00327-00101988-00102071 election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00328-00102072-00102329 and is because of the help of our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00329-00102330-00102544 politicians
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00330-00102545-00102863 those that cannot stand on their words
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00331-00102864-00103192 those that don't have balls and goals to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00332-00103193-00103456 make a decision on their own
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00333-00103457-00103660 those people that will keep on following
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00334-00103661-00104128 fulanis like ABC News
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00335-00104129-00104434 so can somebody tell me the reason why
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00336-00104435-00104699 they are holding emergency today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00337-00104700-00104897 everything is over
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00338-00104898-00105245 he releases so that this month will come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00339-00105246-00105604 and talk to our people in Lagos tell
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00340-00105605-00105749 them way out
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00341-00105750-00105940 because he had been saying this from day
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00342-00105941-00106186 one but this time around maybe he is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00343-00106188-00106457 going to bring a new subjection how we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00344-00106458-00106804 can be able to cope and be able to you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00345-00106805-00107093 know overcome all these shenanigans that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00346-00107094-00107375 the election by our brother Peter is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00347-00107376-00107549 causing to us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00348-00107550-00107758 because we told Peter will be but he
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00349-00107759-00107927 don't want to listen today they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00350-00107928-00108095 killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00351-00108096-00108334 you see what I'm saying and that is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00352-00108335-00108545 problem that I'm having today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00353-00108546-00108893 we want them malami
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00354-00108894-00109115 the Anthony general of Federation of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00355-00109116-00109271 Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00356-00109272-00109493 the competent Court have released onion
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00357-00109494-00109781 do we are telling you people to that is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00358-00109782-00109949 why we are telling you people that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00359-00109950-00110177 Nigeria cannot be you can never fix
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00360-00110178-00110321 Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00361-00110322-00110590 imagine the competent Court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00362-00110591-00110836 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00363-00110838-00111227 tell them that the court told them the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00364-00111228-00111383 the judge told them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00365-00111383-00111731 you don't have any right again to put
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00366-00111732-00111886 any allegation
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00367-00111888-00112066 on this man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00368-00112067-00112408 you have no right anywhere any place to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00369-00112409-00112660 put any allegation on this man release
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00370-00112661-00113063 him but today they are still holding him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00371-00113064-00113369 our people abandoned
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00372-00113370-00113731 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00373-00113732-00114010 Collective the evil people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00374-00114011-00114545 they abandoned their the honestly
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00375-00114546-00114834 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00376-00114835-00115134 that is why you will know that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00377-00115135-00115501 is a leader
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00378-00115502-00115890 have his people in his heart
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00379-00115891-00116177 said with his mouth
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00380-00116178-00116471 if you can kill me
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00381-00116472-00116686 and Biafra will come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00382-00116688-00117040 then take my life but make sure you give
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00383-00117041-00117293 my people their Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00384-00117294-00117384 ID
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00385-00117385-00117725 have gone through humiliation
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00386-00117726-00117952 torture because of biafran restoration
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00387-00117953-00118186 project
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00388-00118188-00118457 because election that will last four
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00389-00118458-00118577 years
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00390-00118578-00118949 our people abandon a man they have been
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00391-00118950-00119123 calling Messiah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00392-00119124-00119393 a man they have been following
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00393-00119394-00119681 a man they have been listening to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00394-00119682-00120010 because of our broader people be they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00395-00120011-00120419 abandon our brother marzin namdecano at
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00396-00120420-00120623 the same time our leader
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00397-00120624-00120916 I call him brother because all of you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00398-00120917-00121247 don't see him as your Your Leader you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00399-00121248-00121499 see him as your brother but we see him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00400-00121500-00121769 as our leader at the same time our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00401-00121770-00121984 brother so we are telling the Nigerian
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00402-00121985-00122104 government
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00403-00122105-00122519 all of you the sabbos in Biafra land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00404-00122520-00122740 that don't want to reason
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00405-00122741-00123040 and don't want to stand in what you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00406-00123041-00123131 believe
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00407-00123132-00123347 or if you think that you keep on being
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00408-00123348-00123473 slave forever
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00409-00123474-00123725 well that is left for you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00410-00123726-00124001 but I want you people to know this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00411-00124002-00124577 is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00412-00124578-00124960 when something happened you begin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00413-00124961-00125177 today now a lot of people are looking
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00414-00125178-00125399 for Mars in America isn't it they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00415-00125400-00125615 looking for him to come and talk to them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00416-00125616-00125866 to come and give them way out but you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00417-00125867-00126047 people abandon him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00418-00126048-00126257 and you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00419-00126258-00126478 that the competent God have freed him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00420-00126479-00126821 you know you know you know peterbi my
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00421-00126822-00126958 brother no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00422-00126959-00127213 they don't care
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00423-00127214-00127504 my governor in anambra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00424-00127505-00127751 and I come across Society or across the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00425-00127752-00127847 side here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00426-00127848-00129449 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00427-00129450-00129689 people tell me that it's a good move
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00428-00129690-00129995 what is a good move so rudo did not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00429-00129996-00130181 wrote any letter to the federal
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00430-00130182-00130457 government to go there and talk to these
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00431-00130458-00130678 people no he was on purpose where he was
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00432-00130679-00130871 addressing the people just say what you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00433-00130872-00131099 feel like so that people will clap for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00434-00131100-00131321 him so that people will say soluto is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00435-00131322-00131543 doing something no that is not the way
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00436-00131544-00131837 things supposed to be you write a letter
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00437-00131838-00132077 to them tell them you go there one on
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00438-00132078-00132323 one you speak to them not you come where
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00439-00132324-00132581 you are making what I don't know I told
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00440-00132582-00132814 them they say it's a lie and we are also
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00441-00132815-00133114 going to talk about all Jews or Carlo
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00442-00133115-00133571 the men the the all Jews or Carlo is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00443-00133572-00133816 senior boy boy of Fulani at this moment
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00444-00133817-00134045 as I'm speaking to you all Joseph Carlo
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00445-00134046-00134273 is looking for he said that if they vote
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00446-00134274-00134597 him as a what they call it I say I said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00447-00134598-00134873 what they call it a house a Senate
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00448-00134874-00135281 President so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00449-00135282-00135466 they are promising
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00450-00135467-00135731 give your land to Fulani we are going to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00451-00135732-00135989 give you Senate present after all those
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00452-00135990-00136223 okalo will go and give them you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00453-00136224-00136361 that all Jason Carlo have give them land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00454-00136362-00136573 before and it's going to give them more
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00455-00136574-00136847 at the last they are going to disappoint
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00456-00136848-00136981 him also
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00457-00136982-00137261 because all of them they knows nothing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00458-00137262-00137549 when all Jose was in prison we fight for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00459-00137550-00137807 him it's our product but the problem is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00460-00137808-00138109 these people don't reason
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00461-00138110-00138577 is in prison we fought for him today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00462-00138578-00138839 he never wrote anything about Muslim
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00463-00138840-00139681 numbers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00464-00139682-00140243 is another another the enslavement they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00465-00140244-00140440 are enslaving forget you know some
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00466-00140441-00140699 people will say but he's a rich man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00467-00140700-00141935 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00468-00141936-00142151 he may have all the whole money in this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00469-00142152-00142252 earth
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00470-00142253-00143197 but we are talking about Good Life
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00471-00143198-00143561 when if they told you in this life
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00472-00143562-00143909 if ever somebody come he just come and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00473-00143910-00144199 tell you do you know that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00474-00144200-00144581 can be in prison and there is no how he
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00475-00144582-00144797 can use his money to bring himself out
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00476-00144798-00145037 all of you will say it can never happen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00477-00145038-00145354 what is happening today isn't it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00478-00145355-00145528 are they talking about UK for the money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00479-00145529-00145837 again and I'm telling you people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00480-00145838-00146104 remember find himself today it's not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00481-00146105-00146237 coming back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00482-00146238-00146590 the law of the land in Great Britain
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00483-00146591-00146825 forgets that you think that they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00484-00146826-00147143 your problem when you commit a crime
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00485-00147144-00147461 against the law of the land believe you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00486-00147462-00147671 me you are going to pay dearly
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00487-00147672-00147990 and the other Jews
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00488-00147991-00148264 committed atrocity
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00489-00148265-00148583 against the law of the land and the law
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00490-00148584-00148816 of the land is going to supersede
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00491-00148817-00149099 is going to pay his penalty it does not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00492-00149100-00149351 matter who he is it does not matter
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00493-00149352-00149599 if their own
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00494-00149600-00149813 parliamentarian people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00495-00149814-00150107 House of Assembly can go to prison who
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00496-00150108-00150364 is not to go to prison
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00497-00150365-00150563 he will think that the whole houses of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00498-00150564-00150916 the mother in in London can save him the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00499-00150917-00151151 answer is no but now let me pray the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00500-00151152-00151354 Preamble of onindu so that we will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00501-00151355-00151457 continue
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00502-00151458-00151763 about the terrorist index
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00503-00151764-00152075 now pay attention
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00504-00152076-00152687 I want ipob to know tonight
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00505-00152688-00152902 because you're fighting for your land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00506-00152903-00153137 and your nation
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00507-00153138-00153364 is a badge of honor it means you've
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00508-00153365-00153647 arrived it means the enemy is scared of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00509-00153648-00153839 what you're doing and it means that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00510-00153840-00154043 you're succeeding at whatever pain that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00511-00154044-00154199 you're doing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00512-00154200-00154366 are you following We are following
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00513-00154367-00155561 yourself
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00514-00155562-00155687 then that means you're not doing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00515-00155688-00155854 anything
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00516-00155855-00156004 that means you're not threatening the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00517-00156005-00156190 status quo
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00518-00156191-00156413 now you understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00519-00156414-00156545 so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00520-00156546-00156814 we are not afraid
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00521-00156815-00157043 we are not afraid
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00522-00157044-00157451 now I want to go to Katrina line
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00523-00157452-00157625 Katrina lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00524-00157626-00157895 before we go to terrorists
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00525-00157896-00158140 organization in that contraption
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00526-00158141-00158411 this is katuna line
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00527-00158412-00158614 and I'm going to read out what this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00528-00158615-00158837 woman said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00529-00158838-00159035 I want to live it for a while so that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00530-00159036-00159281 you people can be able to read it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00531-00159282-00159863 so that I will go there
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00532-00159864-00160211 are you people listening now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00533-00160212-00160457 and after I will read this out we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00534-00160458-00160835 going to bring Aisha Yusuf
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00535-00160836-00161281 and as you are watching this eyeshadow
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00536-00161282-00161621 response to Katrina lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00537-00161622-00161861 because they always lie to their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00538-00161862-00162028 government people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00539-00162029-00162233 that is why today you see Katrina Lang
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00540-00162234-00162539 believe you me I don't lie about it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00541-00162540-00162785 I believe Katrina Lang we have all your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00542-00162786-00162989 world in our land today she will have an
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00543-00162990-00163199 oil Obama have all your world in our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00544-00163200-00163402 land don't you know about it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00545-00163403-00163739 that is why he fought
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00546-00163740-00164014 for Bugatti to be there they give him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00547-00164015-00164152 all you will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00548-00164153-00164404 and Katrina Lange is running from
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00549-00164405-00164614 coastal region down to Hinterland of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00550-00164615-00164890 Biafra from Hinterland moved to coastal
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00551-00164891-00165073 region of Biafra land going to our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00552-00165074-00165433 Newland wearing their clothes
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00553-00165434-00165821 and the old dwarf catalog is a dwarf
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00554-00165822-00166163 very imbecile woman that even though we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00555-00166164-00166385 that are coming from third world country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00556-00166386-00166666 none of us will marry that idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00557-00166667-00167728 Finland
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00558-00167729-00167926 I've been telling you that me and Simon
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00559-00167927-00168113 were not in the same level forget all
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00560-00168114-00168251 this nonsense
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00561-00168252-00168378 forget all
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00562-00168379-00169128 money speaks
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00563-00169129-00169516 now let me read what Katrina line said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00564-00169517-00169787 and if you don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00565-00169788-00169985 I want you if you don't if you haven't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00566-00169986-00170566 forgotten I want you to know that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00567-00170567-00170813 they are the slave masters
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00568-00170814-00171064 if you don't know you know now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00569-00171065-00171575 I brought out what their NP UK MP said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00570-00171576-00171940 yesterday like I said because the man is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00571-00171941-00172049 not from
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00572-00172050-00172337 his ancestors is not from there that is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00573-00172338-00172564 why he'd be able to say what he said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00574-00172565-00172840 katron aligned you see they are the real
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00575-00172841-00172966 British people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00576-00172967-00173311 that is why it was concussing stories
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00577-00173312-00173614 fabricating lies dishing out to the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00578-00173615-00173926 world at the same time lying to their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00579-00173927-00174107 own people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00580-00174108-00174347 their government is lying to them when
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00581-00174348-00174557 something will happen Katrina language
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00582-00174558-00174751 said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00583-00174752-00175104 he just said between her
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00584-00175105-00175564 qatariaras and the farmers is nothing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00585-00175565-00175795 and you know what they will believe her
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00586-00175796-00176290 because she is High Commissioner
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00587-00176291-00176519 is the one that report to them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00588-00176520-00176776 idiot she have left today the another
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00589-00176777-00177035 one they came there you know whenever as
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00590-00177036-00177281 a commissioner you you come to Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00591-00177282-00177581 they will use money to buff you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00592-00177582-00177833 before you we finish your one year two
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00593-00177834-00178073 years you have become a billionaire and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00594-00178074-00178252 you will keep on lying they go now let
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00595-00178253-00178507 us see what Katrina live said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00596-00178508-00178943 Nigeria 2023 election is fascinating I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00597-00178944-00179137 want you to underline this word
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00598-00179138-00179526 fascinating and ask yourself what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00599-00179527-00179771 fascinating about this election that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00600-00179772-00180035 they are killing every single day
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00601-00180036-00180352 Nigerian 2023 election is fascinating
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00602-00180353-00180719 positive British Envoy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00603-00180720-00180959 the outgoing British High Commissioner
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00604-00180960-00181307 in Nigeria cartoon Allied described
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00605-00181308-00181535 the 2023 presidential and National
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00606-00181536-00181811 Assembly Election as fascinated and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00607-00181812-00182233 offered future as sure next for Democrat
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00608-00182234-00182759 Democratic governance in the country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00609-00182760-00183085 the election they are killing people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00610-00183086-00183335 the election they are still killing our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00611-00183336-00183497 people today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00612-00183498-00183754 this is the High Commissioner the former
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00613-00183755-00184007 High Commissioner of United Kingdom
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00614-00184008-00184295 Katrina Lang is British he's telling you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00615-00184296-00184564 now that it's fascinating
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00616-00184565-00184775 do you now see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00617-00184776-00185087 how they lie to the world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00618-00185088-00185345 that is why they said that is the one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00619-00185346-00185561 that caused the War
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00620-00185562-00185831 because we don't have media
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00621-00185832-00186052 that is why you see I am not coming here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00622-00186053-00186190 to gossip
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00623-00186191-00186402 when I have something to tell our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00624-00186403-00186676 something like about religion
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00625-00186677-00186863 I'm not coming here to begin to talk
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00626-00186864-00187054 about religion as my topic no I will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00627-00187055-00187295 just ship something tell you if you feel
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00628-00187296-00187499 like to believe you believe if you feel
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00629-00187500-00187763 like not that is your own cup of tea I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00630-00187764-00187871 don't care
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00631-00187872-00188111 I am here for biafran restoration
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00632-00188112-00188399 project I am here to preach the gospel
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00633-00188400-00188771 of redemption the gospel of freedom to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00634-00188772-00188981 our people so that they will understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00635-00188982-00189251 the mess that we are into because you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00636-00189252-00189413 must understand the root of your problem
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00637-00189414-00189671 before you begin to solve it if you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00638-00189672-00189875 don't know there is no how now that is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00639-00189876-00190073 one of our problems Katrina like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00640-00190074-00190295 he's lying to our people telling you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00641-00190296-00190601 that 2023 election and National Assembly
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00642-00190602-00190937 election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00643-00190938-00191304 as fascinating and offered future
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00644-00191305-00191687 assuredness of the democratical uh
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00645-00191688-00191866 governance in the country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00646-00191867-00192166 now let us go to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00647-00192167-00192413 Aisha Yusuf
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00648-00192414-00192551 and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00649-00192552-00192778 you know there's something about Aisha
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00650-00192779-00193109 Yusuf I like that woman but because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00651-00193110-00193451 this election day went to double into
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00652-00193452-00193714 that is why you see I always tell my
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00653-00193715-00194038 people Nigerian people are not sincere
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00654-00194039-00194237 that is the reason why they are finding
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00655-00194238-00194626 it difficult always they are not sincere
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00656-00194627-00194866 if they are sincere they always stand I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00657-00194867-00195143 remember when Aisha was saying Bugatti
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00658-00195144-00195359 can never do this let us divide Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00659-00195360-00195628 let us go into our regions I thought
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00660-00195629-00195797 that she would stand there Peter will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00661-00195798-00196073 become obasanjo joined him the all of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00662-00196074-00196331 them jump around they sin obasanjo you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00663-00196332-00196438 don't know the obasanjo is a double
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00664-00196439-00197257 agents
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00665-00197258-00197604 will be and I will show you where
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00666-00197605-00197926 garafia our brother
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00667-00197927-00198113 his Mumu will never do in Ghana or
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00668-00198114-00198673 Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00669-00198674-00199188 head of damage Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00670-00199189-00199481 today where is Charlie Boy nowhere to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00671-00199482-00199738 found obasanjo have taken forefoot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00672-00199739-00200423 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00673-00200424-00200669 now you understand the problem about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00674-00200670-00200873 these people why I'm why I'm having
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00675-00200874-00201088 problem with them is like if they can
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00676-00201089-00201371 come here and stay here like us he could
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00677-00201372-00201569 have better but then we go back to the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00678-00201570-00201778 zoo store the whole money come back here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00679-00201779-00202000 and begin to squander the money that is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00680-00202001-00202199 my problem let them come here and live
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00681-00202200-00202487 with like as we are and begin to walk as
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00682-00202488-00202649 we are walking here no they will not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00683-00202650-00202726 walk
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00684-00202727-00202985 if obasanjo came to Europe today he will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00685-00202986-00203164 never for one year he will just stay in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00686-00203165-00203478 South Ocean we saw William
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00687-00203479-00203819 on America after stolen our money in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00688-00203820-00204040 anambra what happened is in America
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00689-00204041-00204214 enjoy it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00690-00204215-00204563 uh election come he came back after
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00691-00204564-00204881 campaigning he run back you see that let
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00692-00204882-00205036 us see Aisha
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00693-00205037-00205240 Aisha Yusuf
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00694-00205241-00205498 I said wait wait wait I know you are you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00695-00205500-00205786 I shall wait wait yeah you shall wait
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00696-00205787-00205984 wait wait
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00697-00205985-00206362 and then you will see the fascinating
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00698-00206363-00206777 as you are watching this Aisha
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00699-00206778-00207125 you know response to Katrina line I want
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00700-00207126-00207425 you to also sing the the videos they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00701-00207426-00208008 showing on the ground we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00702-00208009-00208186 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00703-00208187-00208427 have used two by two
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00704-00208428-00208631 not opposing the bunnies
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00705-00208632-00208984 because we are sacrificials lamb
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00706-00208985-00209188 as they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00707-00209189-00209477 as the election is fascinating
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00708-00209478-00209723 the Yoruba School belongs
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00709-00209723-00210041 talks
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00710-00210042-00210473 they are there fascinating two by two
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00711-00210473-00210701 on top of our people's head
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00712-00210702-00210994 they are fascinating two by two on top
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00713-00210996-00211241 of our people said now let us see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00714-00211242-00211553 let us see respond to Aisha
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00715-00211554-00212608 franchise more people have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00716-00212609-00212873 been your fascinated by an election that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00717-00212873-00213232 is Magic violence because of course it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00718-00213233-00213760 is you can watch in life happening
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00719-00213761-00213965 again and again and again we have said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00720-00213966-00214229 this double standard these two things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00721-00214230-00214505 standards we do not want it you sit in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00722-00214506-00214708 your prison little countries you have a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00723-00214709-00214913 nation where people are free to go out
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00724-00214914-00215146 and vote when nobody is afraid for their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00725-00215148-00215327 life where nobody is killed when they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00726-00215328-00215506 acquired for election and then you come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00727-00215507-00215723 to our own place you accept it minimum
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00728-00215723-00216065 standing you're okay with who
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00729-00216066-00216358 killed because those few are not part of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00730-00216359-00216575 your families those few are not your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00731-00216576-00216791 citizens
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00732-00216792-00217073 we do not need Hangouts on you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00733-00217073-00217342 we do not need hunger from from this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00734-00217344-00217648 nation you sit there you constantly want
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00735-00217650-00217865 our country to be loved you want our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00736-00217866-00218063 continent to be that so that you say oh
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00737-00218064-00218375 we send them five million pounds for the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00738-00218376-00218663 election that they have money now you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00739-00218664-00218929 understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00740-00218930-00219125 look like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00741-00219126-00219484 we have sent
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00742-00219485-00219713 Ry for people who
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00743-00219714-00219905 drive and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00744-00219906-00220121 invest them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00745-00220121-00221046 now you understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00746-00221048-00221363 their civic duty and you come to tell us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00747-00221364-00221506 that we should be proud of an election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00748-00221507-00222137 that is so mad yeah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00749-00222138-00222473 wow thank you sir
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00750-00222473-00223384 how well more people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00751-00223385-00223667 thank you thank you Aisha thank you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00752-00223667-00224003 Aisha I know I know I know I know that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00753-00224004-00224153 some people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00754-00224154-00224494 in that Nigeria of course is because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00755-00224496-00224669 the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00756-00224669-00224939 environment they find themselves
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00757-00224940-00225175 that is why somebody may come tomorrow
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00758-00225176-00225527 they think that person will be will be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00759-00225528-00225658 good
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00760-00225659-00225827 now you understand what I'm saying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00761-00225828-00226175 because when I read this article out you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00762-00226176-00226348 think I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00763-00226350-00226771 now is telling them that the election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00764-00226771-00227015 2023 election was nothing happened
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00765-00227016-00227323 everything went well just a few people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00766-00227323-00227584 and we have counted
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00767-00227585-00227746 body box
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00768-00227748-00227951 every single day they are still killing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00769-00227952-00228029 today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00770-00228030-00228179 but uh
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00771-00228180-00228365 in Britain
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00772-00228366-00228544 those people that brought you this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00773-00228546-00228703 nonsensical
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00774-00228704-00228946 democracy demo democracy of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00775-00228948-00229198 demonstration of craziness
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00776-00229200-00229529 they are not doing so in their land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00777-00229530-00229846 and none of you as a representative of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00778-00229848-00230098 that Contraption can ever come and tell
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00779-00230100-00230363 you that or they brought you people and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00780-00230364-00230644 say what they call it Envoy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00781-00230646-00230932 no it's only them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00782-00230933-00231232 you heard what Aisha said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00783-00231233-00231401 she said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00784-00231402-00231694 very very soon now what they are going
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00785-00231696-00231941 to do is that they will say they send
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00786-00231942-00232384 you 30 billion audio money audio money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00787-00232385-00232763 say they use it for the casualty in this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00788-00232764-00233081 election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00789-00233082-00233339 our people will be clapping British
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00790-00233340-00233644 people they have come to rescue us they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00791-00233646-00233873 are killing you nobody is coming to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00792-00233873-00234106 rescue you they are killing you if you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00793-00234107-00234221 don't know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00794-00234221-00234389 now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00795-00234390-00234719 let us go to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00796-00234719-00235055 to what they call it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00797-00235056-00235325 I want two people to see this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00798-00235326-00235565 when I tell you people that Nigeria can
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00799-00235566-00235715 never be fixed
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00800-00235716-00235960 you are looking for money you are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00801-00235961-00236182 looking for money this thing that I will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00802-00236183-00236465 show you here you can never believe in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00803-00236466-00236627 your life
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00804-00236628-00236837 you can never believe in your life let
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00805-00236838-00237034 me come you can never believe in your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00806-00237035-00237431 life let me stop it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00807-00237432-00237623 it can never believe in your life what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00808-00237623-00237821 is this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00809-00237821-00238019 you will say this thing is just a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00810-00238019-00238289 garbage or does being
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00811-00238290-00238475 but believe you me see all these things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00812-00238476-00238625 that you're seeing there
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00813-00238626-00238996 is a grounded money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00814-00238998-00239279 you know when they I don't know maybe
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00815-00239280-00239392 you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00816-00239394-00239591 all these places they are selling
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00817-00239592-00239884 stationaries in that contraption when
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00818-00239885-00240119 you go to stationary stores
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00819-00240119-00240382 there is a machine that's used to Grant
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00820-00240383-00240617 paper after I grant the paper the paper
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00821-00240617-00240832 will be Pieces by pieces like small
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00822-00240833-00241042 small small small
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00823-00241044-00241319 this is a money your money your money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00824-00241319-00241673 you are crying every single day you are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00825-00241673-00242003 dying in poverty and hunger but they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00826-00242004-00242279 granting your money to tell you nah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00827-00242280-00242506 I don't know let us see yeah so that you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00828-00242507-00242710 can be able to see it so that it will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00829-00242711-00243053 not be that I'm live you will see it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00830-00243054-00243323 you will see it please
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00831-00243323-00243544 just hold on my people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00832-00243546-00243725 just hold on
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00833-00243726-00244163 now let us see okay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00834-00244164-00244408 let us see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00835-00244409-00245363 let us see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00836-00245364-00246055 see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00837-00246056-00246256 then grind down
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00838-00246257-00246679 now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00839-00246680-00247067 see see money then guide money see all
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00840-00247067-00247246 this one are money why I cannot see it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00841-00247248-00249713 wait let's go back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00842-00249714-00250188 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00843-00250189-00250625 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00844-00250626-00251141 now you understand it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00845-00251142-00251656 They Don't Want You To Survive
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00846-00251657-00251896 they are grounding your money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00847-00251898-00252058 paper money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00848-00252059-00252191 now you understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00849-00252192-00252551 let me go to let me go to I have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00850-00252552-00252808 promised my people so long
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00851-00252809-00253103 about this autopilot video
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00852-00253104-00253596 let me show it before we move forward
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00853-00253598-00254153 azoka and Simon Ayana
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00854-00254154-00254634 oh yeah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00855-00254635-00254927 we're at the end and only our body one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00856-00254928-00255263 side
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00857-00255264-00255706 because Simon never want to claim
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00858-00255707-00256048 that whatever he says
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00859-00256050-00256277 that people will say
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00860-00256278-00256505 is true
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00861-00256506-00256732 Simon ever in on the ground if you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00862-00256733-00256882 people haven't forgotten where Simon
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00863-00256883-00257815 ever we are saying that was saying that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00864-00257816-00258113 on Twitter
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00865-00258114-00258358 to justify that because that he brought
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00866-00258359-00258521 out on Twitter
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00867-00258521-00258856 he came out again
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00868-00258857-00259067 saying that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00869-00259067-00259194 is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00870-00259196-00259553 not confess within one week Daniela
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00871-00259554-00259841 Fable will run mad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00872-00259842-00260063 but unfortunate
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00873-00260064-00260303 level did not run mad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00874-00260304-00260621 but today nello Fable is useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00875-00260621-00260801 because I don't know where nello Fable
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00876-00260802-00260944 is today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00877-00260946-00261251 nobody is still hearing from Nelly fable
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00878-00261252-00261467 we don't even know if naliophobia is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00879-00261467-00261544 fine
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00880-00261546-00261839 but Simon Andy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00881-00261840-00262180 okay what is what her name is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00882-00262181-00262529 um
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00883-00262530-00262877 let me show you people who is azok
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00884-00262878-00263380 azoka is doing Juju Azuka did Juju
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00885-00263381-00263873 to silence
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00886-00263874-00264317 to make Nelly of favor kiss useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00887-00264318-00264571 that is exactly what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00888-00264572-00264821 azoka did
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00889-00264822-00265091 so that Nelly affair with kids
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00890-00265092-00265408 we never see good in their life
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00891-00265409-00265684 and for them to claim
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00892-00265685-00265834 that uh
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00893-00265835-00266182 they are worshiping that evil they call
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00894-00266183-00266339 their own God
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00895-00266340-00267143 where is this this woman
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00896-00267144-00267358 let me see if I still have her picture
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00897-00267359-00267563 here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00898-00267564-00267832 I don't know if I still have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00899-00267833-00268127 that idiot picture here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00900-00268128-00268301 so that you people will see who I'm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00901-00268302-00269056 talking about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00902-00269057-00269249 I don't have her picture
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00903-00269250-00269506 all of you knows the picture
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00904-00269507-00269915 we are going to listen to that Juju man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00905-00269916-00270149 you remember there's a one Juju man that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00906-00270150-00270425 Simon ever said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00907-00270426-00270677 he is the one that brought out nello
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00908-00270678-00270934 fable
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00909-00270935-00271067 because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00910-00271068-00271295 because Simon ever was claiming that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00911-00271296-00271589 he's a jujuman that brought it out
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00912-00271590-00271834 the juju man that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00913-00271835-00272093 uh nello Fable went
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00914-00272094-00272380 to tie them that is when someone ever we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00915-00272381-00272705 are saying that they tie them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00916-00272706-00272975 Simon ever is lying nobody ties him he's
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00917-00272976-00273256 the one that wanted to tie somebody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00918-00273257-00273599 now he came out and begin to claim it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00919-00273600-00273880 that they want to tie him now I want two
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00920-00273881-00274121 people to see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00921-00274122-00274427 person
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00922-00274428-00274715 we are going to hear their voice
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00923-00274716-00274967 did
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00924-00274968-00275237 to nail your fable
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00925-00275238-00275413 because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00926-00275414-00275741 I have said the time with that number I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00927-00275742-00276023 don't believe in Juju all this nonsense
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00928-00276024-00276269 and whenever we are saying religion
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00929-00276270-00276449 some people don't get to me the people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00930-00276450-00276737 don't get me right
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00931-00276738-00277030 I'm not saying that because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00932-00277031-00277241 the European brought
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00933-00277242-00277469 religion to us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00934-00277470-00277643 that does not mean that we are not going
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00935-00277644-00277858 to stay in Europe no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00936-00277859-00278093 but what we are saying is that yes they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00937-00278094-00278249 brought this to us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00938-00278250-00278579 but we can also change the narrative
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00939-00278580-00278819 to be able to have our own now we have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00940-00278820-00278956 understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00941-00278957-00279155 because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00942-00279156-00279487 like I said always if Nigeria is working
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00943-00279488-00279695 do you think that we are going to talk
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00944-00279696-00279941 about Biafra the answer is no nobody is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00945-00279942-00280205 going to talk about Biafra nobody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00946-00280206-00280415 we are going to be moving forward
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00947-00280416-00280577 nobody will be telling you that it's
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00948-00280578-00280799 regard that The Amalgamated that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00949-00280800-00281095 contraption or foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00950-00281096-00281380 nobody will talk about it because things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00951-00281381-00281632 are moving fine but when things are not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00952-00281633-00281908 moving fine now you begin to bring out
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00953-00281909-00282239 things for people to be able to you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00954-00282240-00282497 understand what you are telling them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00955-00282498-00282713 if the Christianity they brought to us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00956-00282714-00282905 in our life today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00957-00282906-00283180 those religious leaders
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00958-00283181-00283415 if they are practicing what the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00959-00283416-00283637 Europeans are doing who is going to talk
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00960-00283638-00283919 about the religion in Africa nobody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00961-00283920-00284255 do you see how Muslims are doing in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00962-00284256-00284453 their place
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00963-00284454-00284627 if you touch them they want they don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00964-00284628-00284734 care
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00965-00284735-00284975 their religious leaders is the one they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00966-00284976-00285232 will tell them my friend they let us go
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00967-00285233-00285460 let us go and Destroy them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00968-00285461-00285706 let us go and deal with them let us go
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00969-00285707-00285856 and deal with that is why you see today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00970-00285857-00286151 a northern part of Nigeria none of them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00971-00286152-00286343 ever condemn Boko Haram none of them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00972-00286344-00286541 they can't condemn Boko Haram because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00973-00286542-00286745 it's their militia
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00974-00286746-00286919 if you don't know I'm telling you today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00975-00286920-00287206 is the ammunition that is who the people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00976-00287207-00287471 they are hoping on when you tamper them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00977-00287472-00287621 they bring them come and deal with them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00978-00287622-00287806 and they will deal with you this is it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00979-00287807-00287956 that is exactly what we are talking
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00980-00287957-00288215 about if the pastors and the priests
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00981-00288216-00288467 that we have there be able to tell you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00982-00288468-00288737 you have to defend yourself nobody never
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00983-00288738-00288887 tell you to pray to whatever you want to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00984-00288888-00289108 pray our leader have said it you will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00985-00289109-00289415 come worship snake you can worship iron
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00986-00289416-00289637 you can worship whatever you want to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00987-00289638-00289979 worship but let us have that idea of one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00988-00289980-00290327 Accord when something happens to us do
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00989-00290328-00290591 you know the reason why I said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00990-00290592-00290897 Joy Muslim he have said it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00991-00290898-00291089 because when these people say something
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00992-00291090-00291299 they will do it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00993-00291300-00291575 they don't believe say let us fold our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00994-00291576-00291863 hands let manner falls from heaven
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00995-00291864-00292097 and I'm selling this here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00996-00292098-00292337 on biafran television I know a lot of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00997-00292338-00292547 people won't understand what I'm saying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00998-00292548-00292906 if that we are Muslims
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-00999-00292907-00293201 believe you me we have resolve Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01000-00293202-00293458 because everybody will turn to radical
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01001-00293459-00293699 as they wear the radical today in that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01002-00293700-00293891 contraption that is why do you know the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01003-00293892-00294047 reason why the fullness are controlling
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01004-00294048-00294232 because they have the ammunition that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01005-00294233-00294377 will come
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01006-00294378-00294575 if you tamper them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01007-00294576-00294815 Jonathan was there they they they they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01008-00294816-00295163 printed all of them out come and destroy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01009-00295164-00295427 the Jonathan presidents
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01010-00295428-00295649 they come out all of them begin to carry
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01011-00295650-00295882 triple girls begin to destroy this begin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01012-00295883-00296110 to that is what we are talking about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01013-00296111-00296327 you don't have to fold your hands and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01014-00296328-00296705 tell God or to cook no that is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01015-00296706-00296879 problem I have with the those things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01016-00296880-00297149 that our people are talking about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01017-00297150-00297382 if we can have our way when things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01018-00297383-00297539 happen we are going to take it on our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01019-00297540-00297713 own that is what I'm talking about now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01020-00297714-00297875 let us listen to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01021-00297876-00298108 I don't want to talk too much and I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01022-00298109-00298247 don't want to double into all this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01023-00298248-00298432 region something because some of you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01024-00298433-00298655 people don't reason if your reason you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01025-00298656-00298745 will understand what we are talking
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01026-00298746-00298967 about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01027-00298968-00299345 what am I saying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01028-00299346-00299560 how can somebody will tell you to come I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01029-00299561-00299693 will pray for you and you will begin to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01030-00299694-00299945 you will be a rich man how can somebody
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01031-00299946-00300101 tell you that your mother is doing you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01032-00300102-00300329 and you are believing it we have saw a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01033-00300330-00300551 lot of people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01034-00300552-00300760 that killed their mother
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01035-00300761-00300995 chase their mother away because of what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01036-00300996-00301384 and a nonsensical and idiotic Pastor or
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01037-00301385-00301637 priest told the person about the parent
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01038-00301638-00301895 about the brothers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01039-00301896-00302129 wish something like that is not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01040-00302130-00302327 happening in northern part of Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01041-00302328-00302506 which is something like that is not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01042-00302507-00302680 happening to Muslim people they will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01043-00302681-00302819 never tell you your mother is doing you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01044-00302820-00302980 know they will not tell you though but
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01045-00302981-00303221 it's only in our place and Europe we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01046-00303222-00303406 they are not telling us so now let us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01047-00303407-00303556 listen to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01048-00303557-00304037 the voice of Lena world
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01049-00304038-00304373 so that you will hear what I'm saying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01050-00304374-00304530 wait
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01051-00304531-00305404 wait wait
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01052-00305405-00306354 now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01053-00306355-00307019 as well
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01054-00307020-00307327 they have an account
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01055-00307328-00307625 more than six months he did not do not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01056-00307626-00307775 give them 41.
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01057-00307776-00307954 I don't I don't know this guy the guy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01058-00307955-00310663 did not even hear me because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01059-00310664-00310937 contacting them he said contacting them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01060-00310938-00311260 she she and them was doing stuff
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01061-00311261-00311434 and I never knew
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01062-00311435-00311710 so maybe because the guy he stopped I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01063-00311711-00311860 don't know why she she stopped giving
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01064-00311861-00312047 them money because the guy who refused
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01065-00312048-00312280 to do what Azuka asked them to do
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01066-00312281-00312473 do you know what Azuka asked them to do
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01067-00312474-00312677 tell us to ask them to make navy match
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01068-00312678-00312958 and so they asked them to do to to to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01069-00312959-00313253 let me play it Asuka asked them to make
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01070-00313254-00313451 nearly children useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01071-00313452-00313879 useless I'm playing it this woman right
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01072-00313880-00314093 I said I didn't wanted to share this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01073-00314094-00314279 thing to you guys because when I had
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01074-00314280-00314663 this I was like is this and you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01075-00314664-00314908 that is when someone ever was telling
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01076-00314909-00315191 you people that in two weeks
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01077-00315192-00315460 Nelly will be mad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01078-00315461-00315671 and I want you people to also understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01079-00315672-00316019 that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01080-00316020-00316703 this is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01081-00316704-00317213 Nelly
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01082-00317214-00317773 awkwardness
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01083-00317774-00317993 and I'm not going to stop you because it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01084-00317994-00318263 has no time
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01085-00318264-00318569 my god did this happen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01086-00318570-00318797 let me play because this guy did not he
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01087-00318798-00318941 said for more than six seven months I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01088-00318942-00319073 think I did not give them feeding money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01089-00319074-00319253 I don't know let me first place first
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01090-00319254-00320215 you guys be here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01091-00320216-00320387 can be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01092-00320388-00320897 okay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01093-00320898-00322043 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01094-00322044-00323806 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01095-00323807-00325017 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01096-00325018-00326092 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01097-00326093-00326723 [Laughter]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01098-00326724-00326963 remember
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01099-00326964-00327191 this one is good then I'm going to play
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01100-00327192-00327347 because this is where the problem
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01101-00327348-00327587 started I took I refuse to send them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01102-00327588-00327815 feeding money I don't know how why then
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01103-00327816-00328156 listen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01104-00328157-00329213 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01107-00335478-00337906 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01108-00337907-00339017 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01109-00339018-00339713 where I was
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01110-00339714-00340093 let me out back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01111-00340094-00342760 I know that one of them is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01112-00342761-00342971 to close him up
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01113-00342972-00345854 yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01114-00345855-00347880 [Laughter]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01115-00347881-00348701 [Applause]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01116-00348702-00348929 why
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01117-00348930-00349756 why
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01118-00349757-00350104 months
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01120-00353279-00353797 Andrew
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01121-00353798-00356092 welcome Robert
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01122-00356093-00356447 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01123-00356448-00357071 s
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01124-00357072-00357180 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01125-00357181-00359993 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01126-00359994-00360578 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01127-00360579-00360910 [Music]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01129-00364031-00364673 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01130-00364674-00364871 many of them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01131-00364872-00365128 you know all this thing that he was
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01132-00365129-00365315 saying is just to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01133-00365316-00365773 cover himself so that tomorrow Alabama
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01134-00365774-00366178 the useless now people because of their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01135-00366179-00366425 superstitious now they will say that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01136-00366426-00366623 Simon ever said it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01137-00366624-00366934 this thing now is because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01138-00366935-00367247 the problem they are having now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01139-00367248-00367517 in their Gathering
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01140-00367518-00367721 and this woman now that brought this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01141-00367722-00367937 video out which is this woman that you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01142-00367938-00368215 are seeing here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01143-00368216-00368465 us no never give up
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01144-00368466-00369043 the first woman the woman in cabinet
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01145-00369044-00369310 because now they suck the woman they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01146-00369311-00369473 have gave this woman this voice for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01147-00369474-00369569 years
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01148-00369570-00369899 I mean for months she kept The Voice
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01149-00369900-00370163 no problem have started they are now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01150-00370164-00370373 beginning to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01151-00370374-00371310 open up
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01152-00371311-00371623 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01153-00371624-00371903 useless today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01154-00371904-00372328 and indeed Nelly of favor is useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01155-00372329-00372593 and I'm telling Nelly of favor
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01156-00372594-00372863 any day you get yourself
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01157-00372864-00373253 any day you try to get yourself
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01158-00373254-00373739 I want you to deal with Asoka
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01159-00373740-00374003 I want you to deal with her
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01160-00374004-00374332 you see how our people you see the evil
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01161-00374333-00374632 in our people and some of you people are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01162-00374633-00374884 following them autopilot or autopilot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01163-00374885-00375256 who are not according story but we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01164-00375257-00375593 here they came we are here now they have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01165-00375594-00375928 gone
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01166-00375929-00376145 are you talking about autopilot peoples
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01167-00376146-00376475 today the answer is no they are gone
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01168-00376476-00376684 and more is coming
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01169-00376685-00376949 more and more is coming
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01170-00376950-00377128 and now I want you to show you people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01171-00377129-00377308 Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01172-00377309-00378415 and um
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01173-00378416-00378858 foreign are you seeing it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01174-00378859-00379103 all these vintage
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01175-00379104-00379349 vintage old shears
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01176-00379350-00379606 that Europeans have abandoned
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01177-00379607-00379834 all these vintage
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01178-00379835-00380171 you know primitive old shares backward
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01179-00380172-00380477 odd shares that the great grandfathers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01180-00380478-00380747 of my wife they are using before because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01181-00380748-00381028 the new generation of Europeans today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01182-00381029-00381232 you can never see such a thing in their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01183-00381233-00381413 house anymore if they don't use all this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01184-00381414-00381725 thing they use what they call suffer one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01185-00381726-00381928 share three in one it will be together
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01186-00381929-00382210 you can also draw it out to make it as a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01187-00382211-00382510 bed you can get it one thousand five two
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01188-00382511-00382703 thousand three thousand but not all this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01189-00382704-00382960 vintage but because of the Primitive
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01190-00382961-00383219 life of African people that is why you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01191-00383220-00383356 are going to be seeing all these things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01192-00383357-00383458 as something
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01193-00383459-00383645 all these things that you are seeing in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01194-00383646-00383854 someone ever house all these years you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01195-00383855-00384053 see that share you see there they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01196-00384054-00384269 throwing it out today in those beers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01197-00384270-00384545 people are not using that again but
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01198-00384546-00384791 because of this he used it to deceive
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01199-00384792-00385049 our people and they know because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01200-00385050-00385219 African way and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01201-00385220-00385589 I I I don't blame our people too you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01202-00385590-00385841 know some of also our Governors our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01203-00385842-00386075 Representatives this is kind of share
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01204-00386076-00386273 they are using today they will go and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01205-00386274-00386506 fight share make sure they painted gold
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01206-00386507-00386867 to look that they are rich Europeans are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01207-00386868-00387101 not using that kind of share again it's
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01208-00387102-00387353 no more in fashion in Europe
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01209-00387354-00387532 where I'm living today is No More in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01210-00387533-00387791 fashion all these things when you go we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01211-00387792-00387989 have showed I have showed it before once
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01212-00387990-00388271 once last year
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01213-00388272-00388493 in Rapture media you go there you will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01214-00388494-00388793 see it when I went to where they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01215-00388794-00389128 selling old things you get all this year
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01216-00389129-00389441 15 Euro the one that is cost three in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01217-00389442-00389710 one you can get it 30 Euro the full set
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01218-00389711-00390077 you can get it 150 Euro all these things
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01219-00390078-00390365 nobody is using it again but I know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01220-00390366-00390563 this is exactly what someone ever used
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01221-00390564-00390730 to get our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01222-00390731-00391019 by showing all these things everything
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01223-00391020-00391271 is shining as a gold gold coated like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01224-00391272-00391427 this thing that I have here this is this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01225-00391428-00391643 is a light you will think that it's a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01226-00391644-00391834 goat someone ever can see something like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01227-00391835-00392003 this and buy it and keep it in his house
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01228-00392004-00392243 and you will tell you say good or yeah
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01229-00392244-00393187 glass come on glass
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01230-00393188-00393419 do you know what this guy is looking for
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01231-00393420-00393532 money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01232-00393533-00393832 Queen Elizabeth cell phone he never seen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01233-00393833-00394054 such a thing in his house her house
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01234-00394055-00394367 let me show you these people it's okay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01235-00394368-00394565 our people are gullible that is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01236-00394566-00394697 reason why nothingness our people are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01237-00394698-00394841 gullible nothingness
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01238-00394842-00395213 that is uh the reason why our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01239-00395214-00395501 uh I don't know what they are I don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01240-00395502-00395839 know let me show you people Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01241-00395840-00396293 with obasanjo and before I get there let
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01242-00396294-00396425 me show you those people that they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01243-00396426-00396575 tearing their passport today they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01244-00396576-00396778 tearing their passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01245-00396779-00397084 see it here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01246-00397085-00397804 They are tearing their passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01247-00397805-00398177 the bottom line is I am Nigerian and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01248-00398178-00398341 that comes first
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01249-00398342-00398621 Nigeria has filled us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01250-00398622-00398747 we have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01251-00398748-00399017 hoped for a better country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01252-00399018-00399508 my wife is Yoruba and I never intended
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01253-00399509-00399839 for Peter or B to be the leader of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01254-00399840-00400132 Nigeria because he is evil
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01255-00400133-00400408 wanted him to be the president be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01256-00400409-00400763 because of what he has to offer
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01257-00400764-00401045 who brings to the table for Nigerians
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01258-00401046-00401332 and for that reason because of what has
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01259-00401333-00401573 transpired
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01260-00401574-00401956 by action from today I refuse to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01261-00401957-00402256 associated with anything regarding
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01262-00402257-00402725 Nigeria this is my passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01263-00402726-00403001 number one okay wait
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01264-00403002-00403169 after that I'm going to say something
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01265-00403170-00403349 because some of you will think that I'm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01266-00403350-00403528 I will let me bring this number one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01267-00403529-00404101 again okay this is another one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01268-00404102-00404327 you see it they are different one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01269-00404328-00404656 another one Theory
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01270-00404657-00405017 okay let me bring another one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01271-00405018-00405310 let me bring you another one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01272-00405311-00405497 there are many They are tearing their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01273-00405498-00405928 passport hold on you people will see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01274-00405929-00406804 this is another one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01275-00406805-00407117 this is another one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01276-00407118-00407669 is staring her his passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01277-00407670-00408802 let me bring another one too
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01278-00408803-00409451 he's sharing his passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01279-00409452-00409757 you see it but now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01280-00409758-00409978 let me speak about those people that are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01281-00409979-00410195 tearing their passport before I will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01282-00410196-00410363 bring out Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01283-00410364-00410524 listen to me I want you people to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01284-00410525-00410693 understand something you see these
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01285-00410693-00410993 people that are sharing their passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01286-00410993-00411251 I don't know what to tell them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01287-00411252-00411443 but I want you people to understand that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01288-00411443-00411563 these people that are sharing their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01289-00411564-00411832 passport they are all liars
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01290-00411833-00412272 these people have a dual citizen like we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01291-00412273-00412522 they have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01292-00412523-00412853 international passport they have I mean
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01293-00412854-00413026 to say this passport they are having now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01294-00413027-00413380 is their dual passport as a Nigerian as
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01295-00413381-00413705 a person that he is from Nigeria this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01296-00413706-00413824 person that you see that they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01297-00413825-00414010 telling their passport today probably
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01298-00414012-00414245 they have red passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01299-00414246-00414526 or they have a green passport as
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01300-00414527-00414737 American passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01301-00414738-00414947 but all these passport They are tearing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01302-00414947-00415072 now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01303-00415073-00415378 they want us to be here and begin to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01304-00415379-00415570 sympathize with them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01305-00415571-00415757 and you will see a lot of our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01306-00415758-00415907 they are sharing this video but I'm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01307-00415908-00416032 telling you you see those people that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01308-00416033-00416441 tell their passport they are useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01309-00416442-00416645 you know we say things the way it is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01310-00416646-00416909 they are useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01311-00416910-00417155 the anointity
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01312-00417156-00417472 they happen there is nothing to offer
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01313-00417473-00417628 you know the reason why we have been
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01314-00417629-00417845 telling them this from the day one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01315-00417846-00418157 that Nigeria is not for you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01316-00418158-00418403 let us divide this country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01317-00418404-00418691 let us cease Nigeria to exist
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01318-00418692-00418960 let us go back to to the way we used to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01319-00418962-00419218 be before the Colonial people came
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01320-00419219-00419435 things will be better for you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01321-00419435-00419675 competition will start
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01322-00419676-00419825 from the neighboring country to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01323-00419826-00419987 neighboring country
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01324-00419988-00420239 things will begin to work out they said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01325-00420239-00420635 no it's one Nigeria and now they are not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01326-00420635-00420857 tearing their passport and they think
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01327-00420858-00421007 they are thinking that I will come here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01328-00421008-00421259 and begin to say right on you have done
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01329-00421260-00421525 well come and see people that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01330-00421526-00421841 because two people are so useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01331-00421842-00422110 that you can't even understand the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01332-00422112-00422363 common letter a letter that are written
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01333-00422364-00422687 on the wall bold you don't see it now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01334-00422688-00422885 you are sharing your passport it's a lie
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01335-00422885-00423101 after you tell your passport you go back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01336-00423102-00423299 again you have already have these people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01337-00423300-00423485 have already copied their passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01338-00423485-00423707 number don't mind them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01339-00423708-00423893 or they are tearing their own passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01340-00423893-00424241 individually you come here like well the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01341-00424242-00424468 same thing that my Finland did or he
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01342-00424469-00424637 went to go and share his old passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01343-00424638-00424822 and some people are clapping say that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01344-00424823-00425020 you have cleared his passport I don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01345-00425021-00425183 have Nigerian passport and all I don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01346-00425184-00425464 have to tear it because by me tearing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01347-00425465-00425675 Nigerian person it has nothing to there
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01348-00425676-00425933 is nothing I can do there's nothing you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01349-00425934-00426089 can bring out of this thing there is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01350-00426089-00426293 nothing you can't bring nothing only
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01351-00426293-00426563 what you can offer is for you to push
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01352-00426564-00426857 for the balkanization and cease Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01353-00426858-00427133 to exist that is only the the what you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01354-00427134-00427433 can push push it tell your people to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01355-00427434-00427727 join hands let us balkanize it let
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01356-00427728-00427943 everybody go to their place this is it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01357-00427943-00428147 but telling a passport you're a useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01358-00428147-00428410 man he has nothing tomorrow the person
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01359-00428412-00428639 will use the passport number and go back
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01360-00428639-00428891 to their useless Embassy here or where
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01361-00428892-00429149 they reside and give them the old
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01362-00429150-00429359 passport number told them that they lost
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01363-00429360-00429503 their passport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01364-00429504-00429766 then we issue the new one you understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01365-00429767-00429979 what I'm saying happened
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01366-00429980-00430331 listen to me we understand all these
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01367-00430332-00430516 things they are doing these people are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01368-00430517-00430613 useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01369-00430614-00430889 tell them to go and join
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01370-00430889-00431213 come to join this struggle let us stay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01371-00431214-00431464 stand in one Accord and push this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01372-00431465-00431716 struggle it will benefit us not by
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01373-00431717-00431951 telling me it's just a common paper that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01374-00431952-00432257 you have already taken a a a a a a a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01375-00432258-00432563 picture within the passport number you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01376-00432564-00432766 go there tomorrow they will give you new
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01377-00432767-00433768 passport you are telling me
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01378-00433769-00434545 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01379-00434546-00434789 you see it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01380-00434789-00435209 this is our brother impersonating Siam
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01381-00435210-00435497 that comedy the guy now is a [__]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01382-00435497-00435713 rich man now look at his house
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01383-00435714-00435916 are you still seeing this guy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01384-00435917-00436145 as a comedian this is our brother used
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01385-00436146-00436343 to see him the answer is no you will not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01386-00436343-00436613 see him again now you see his house
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01387-00436614-00436847 the one that is fascinating Bugatti
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01388-00436847-00437099 seriously our brother here they give him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01389-00437100-00437483 a they give him a Fulani woman I think
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01390-00437484-00437710 by I think they have two kids now or
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01391-00437712-00437818 three
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01392-00437819-00438155 our brother personality you see him now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01393-00438156-00440068 a comedian girl foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01394-00440069-00440231 this is our brother
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01395-00440232-00440735 now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01397-00443742-00443963 because of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01398-00443964-00444191 event kowa
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01399-00444192-00444743 because of ethanable
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01400-00444743-00445643 okay
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01401-00445643-00446077 Charlie Boy Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01402-00446078-00446495 there's nowhere to be found sorry boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01403-00446496-00446789 they deceive our brother Peter will be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01404-00446789-00446939 hi
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01405-00446939-00447295 do people only disabled or a person
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01406-00447296-00447563 you know better for you by deceiving our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01407-00447564-00447727 brothers
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01408-00447728-00447983 because you know what you did you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01409-00447984-00448133 deceive our brother
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01410-00448134-00448314 and now they are killing our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01411-00448315-00448685 obasanjo cannot even come out and begin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01412-00448685-00448829 to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01413-00448830-00449279 you know begin to condemn the killings
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01414-00449280-00449495 of Yoruba people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01415-00449496-00450168 people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01416-00450169-00450799 I mean to I mean condemnity
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01417-00450800-00451085 today they are nowhere to be found
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01418-00451085-00451477 let us listen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01419-00451478-00452729 somebody's ringing my bell
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01420-00452730-00453431 y
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01421-00453432-00453635 let me show this thing okay see I'm see
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01422-00453635-00453779 I'm here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01423-00453780-00454222 if as the president of frustrated use of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01424-00454223-00454414 this country we are meet with their
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01425-00454415-00454564 presidents
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01426-00454565-00455070 okay me myself are they frustrated
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01427-00455071-00455410 you are a president
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01428-00455412-00455731 and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01429-00455732-00455983 frustrated Nigerians
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01430-00455984-00456243 yeah I am their father
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01431-00456243-00457579 [Laughter]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01432-00457580-00458668 let's go back again
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01433-00458669-00458860 you are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01434-00458862-00459205 accident
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01435-00459206-00459570 of frustrated Nigerians
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01436-00459571-00460535 yeah I am their father
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01437-00460535-00460870 now you see it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01438-00460871-00461164 Charlie Boy is the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01439-00461165-00461575 leader of frustrated Nigerian youths
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01440-00461576-00461866 obasanjo is their father
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01441-00461867-00462197 that is when they were deceiving
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01442-00462197-00462389 Peter will be my brother thinking that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01443-00462389-00462779 these people are with him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01444-00462780-00463013 Peter B thought that these people are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01445-00463014-00463210 with him they deceived him obasanjo
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01446-00463212-00463505 deceived petobee I don't lie
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01447-00463506-00463847 listen you see I know that you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01448-00463847-00463979 there's something our people don't even
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01449-00463980-00464164 understand you see you are going to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01450-00464165-00464387 court you are going to court yes you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01451-00464388-00464555 will go to court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01452-00464556-00464759 our brother Peter B is going to court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01453-00464760-00465077 they are talking about how of uh our
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01454-00465078-00465299 brother Peter will be within gide they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01455-00465300-00465575 were dragging a governorship later they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01456-00465576-00465779 give it to obasanjo to give it to people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01457-00465780-00466018 you are talking about governorship on in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01458-00466019-00466210 your own state
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01459-00466212-00466451 they are talking about that useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01460-00466452-00466643 Federation that is what they are telling
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01461-00466643-00466720 you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01462-00466721-00467393 you will go to court but um
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01463-00467393-00467560 these people are not ready to move away
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01464-00467562-00467807 from there
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01465-00467808-00467951 remember that this thing they are doing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01466-00467952-00468310 is Muslim Muslim
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01467-00468312-00468575 the movement of jihad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01468-00468576-00468851 Muslim Muslim means to Muslim people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01469-00468852-00469145 Jihad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01470-00469146-00469709 Muslim Muslim mean to shatima Jihad
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01471-00469710-00470209 Jihad is the movement of the fulanis
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01472-00470210-00470555 conquest called holy war
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01473-00470556-00470813 take over your land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01474-00470814-00471047 coming with ethnic cleansing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01475-00471047-00471310 if you stand on their way
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01476-00471312-00471487 of course
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01477-00471488-00471749 if you survive
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01478-00471750-00471959 and believe you me will be a crippled
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01479-00471960-00472222 person if you survive it you must be a
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01480-00472223-00472325 [__]
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01481-00472326-00472649 now you understand it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01482-00472650-00472816 so this is something that I want you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01483-00472817-00473075 people to understand
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01484-00473076-00473609 and I'm not coming here to tell you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01485-00473610-00473914 or I mean to lie to you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01486-00473915-00474107 or for you to be believing what I'm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01487-00474108-00474418 saying I assured our people all these
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01488-00474419-00474557 things so that you can be able to see it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01489-00474558-00474743 that is exactly when they were deceiving
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01490-00474743-00475055 our brother Peter will be obasanjo
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01491-00475056-00475231 if we are here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01492-00475232-00475439 to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01493-00475439-00475805 and uh
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01494-00475806-00475993 because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01495-00475993-00476387 what they call it will be that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01496-00476388-00477016 yes
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01497-00477017-00477527 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01498-00477528-00477839 what am I lying to can you just tell me
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01499-00477839-00478145 why I'm lying can you tell me a useless
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01500-00478146-00478385 man tell me why I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01501-00478385-00478793 digital deceive our brother
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01502-00478793-00478972 or they want to tell me that they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01503-00478973-00479172 not killing people in Lagos today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01504-00479173-00479566 from uh are they not killing people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01505-00479567-00479683 people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01506-00479684-00480101 from are you not a Yoruba man
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01507-00480102-00480725 foreign
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01508-00480726-00480916 tell me the lie I'm lying are they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01509-00480917-00481043 you people not killing the evil people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01510-00481043-00481397 today in Lagos
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01511-00481397-00481570 are you not saying today that Lagos is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01512-00481571-00481697 your own
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01513-00481697-00481943 and who is dragging Lagos with you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01514-00481943-00482141 after you have sold your land and begin
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01515-00482142-00482831 to give money to to or to to wash you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01516-00482832-00483029 go there go they buy once you go cover
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01517-00483030-00483197 the whole street
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01518-00483197-00483449 you are making party carrying one street
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01519-00483450-00483545 to cover
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01520-00483546-00483839 after you finish party to to eat now you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01521-00483839-00483995 know garigo they drink
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01522-00483996-00484289 go and sell your your ancestry land your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01523-00484289-00484451 land your father gave to you to to an
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01524-00484452-00484714 Igbo man after you sell it finished you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01525-00484715-00484855 lose the money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01526-00484856-00485135 half of them go and that that's your
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01527-00485135-00485339 basically use the other one go and
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01528-00485339-00485645 that's you who was you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01529-00485646-00485968 after then you go begin to drink
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01530-00485969-00486149 you say I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01531-00486150-00486431 what makes me the lie now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01532-00486432-00486641 or don't you see the imaginalization of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01533-00486642-00486760 the evil people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01534-00486762-00486910 I thought that you people said that we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01535-00486912-00487103 are one Nigeria
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01536-00487104-00487307 in northern part of Nigeria they have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01537-00487308-00487570 international airport isn't it they have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01538-00487571-00487837 dry pots which is international dry port
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01539-00487838-00488105 in Lagos State
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01540-00488106-00488285 in Yoruba land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01541-00488285-00488543 they have International International
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01542-00488543-00488699 Airport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01543-00488700-00489059 they have International Airport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01544-00489060-00489268 in Biafra land did they have anyone I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01545-00489269-00489377 thought that you people say that we're
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01546-00489378-00489616 one why can't they divide it the way
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01547-00489617-00490145 it's supposed to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01548-00490146-00490379 why can't why can't you go and talk to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01549-00490380-00490637 your people to tell them but they say
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01550-00490638-00490775 there is a sense in these people what
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01551-00490776-00490937 these people are saying building Seaport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01552-00490938-00491093 for them build the international airport
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01553-00491093-00491297 today for these people so that we are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01554-00491297-00491464 going to be equal you say here I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01555-00491465-00491705 idiot I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01556-00491706-00491968 what makes us lie why am I lying can you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01557-00491969-00492245 tell me the reason why I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01558-00492246-00492533 a homie as an evil man from anambra I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01559-00492534-00492803 will travel I have to land in Lagos
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01560-00492804-00493018 before I will travel to anambra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01561-00493019-00493403 a woman a woman from our anambra state I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01562-00493404-00493595 send my container it must land in Lagos
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01563-00493596-00493793 or Abuja Why Can't This thing land in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01564-00493793-00494014 need water Port Harcourt a so-called
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01565-00494015-00494135 Port Harcourt
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01566-00494135-00494351 why can't my Goose land in so-called
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01567-00494352-00494593 Port Harcourt
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01568-00494593-00494897 foreign why can't my Goose land in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01569-00494897-00495070 Calabar
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01570-00495071-00495425 why can't they drill a head Bridge
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01571-00495426-00495659 ownership for them to have a Seaport so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01572-00495660-00495797 that when I bring my container it will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01573-00495797-00495916 land there you come here and say I'm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01574-00495917-00496018 lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01575-00496019-00496235 that is the stupidity of black people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01576-00496235-00496499 you can't even reason and understand the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01577-00496500-00496714 ethics of the life you don't have it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01578-00496715-00496943 because if you know you can come here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01579-00496943-00497063 and say I'm lying
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01580-00497064-00497345 don't pass on your dissip it will be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01581-00497346-00497501 the people that are killing today is you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01582-00497502-00497770 know because of people be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01583-00497771-00498016 because obasanjo deceive him and today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01584-00498017-00498214 obasanjo is nowhere to be found
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01585-00498215-00498485 where is your Charlie Boy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01586-00498485-00498664 by now they're supposed to start
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01587-00498665-00498887 Revolution are they doing any Evolution
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01588-00498888-00499109 no they said they are going to court the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01589-00499110-00499337 same code they discharge margin and can
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01590-00499338-00499516 they never leave him now you want to go
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01591-00499517-00500491 to court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01592-00500492-00500722 they are going to court
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01593-00500723-00500968 idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01594-00500969-00501197 tell me what is so happy you would tell
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01595-00501197-00501472 me where the competent court is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01596-00501473-00501749 Jeremy which cut we we gotta you don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01597-00501750-00501905 know before somebody begin to do
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01598-00501906-00502355 something before tinubu begin to you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01599-00502356-00502739 know parade himself pay off the inec you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01600-00502739-00502883 don't know that the tinubu brother is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01601-00502884-00503033 the one is a chairman of inec you don't
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01602-00503034-00503189 know before
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01603-00503189-00503368 you don't know that enable have buy
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01604-00503369-00503605 everything chairman
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01605-00503606-00503887 officials so you don't know before
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01606-00503888-00504166 have already buy the whole senior
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01607-00504167-00504316 advocate in that Contraption those
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01608-00504317-00504455 people are going to judge the case so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01609-00504456-00504659 you don't know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01610-00504660-00504916 or you think that he said just he said
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01611-00504917-00505168 it's an idiot like you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01612-00505169-00505459 terrible is a criminal
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01613-00505460-00505763 before he he does something he has
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01614-00505764-00505895 already risen it what is going to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01615-00505896-00506081 outcome he have already bridged it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01616-00506082-00506177 already
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01617-00506178-00506345 you are coming here you think that Pito
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01618-00506346-00506501 B is going to court they are going to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01619-00506502-00506860 listen to peterbi
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01620-00506862-00507029 but the saint called the Freemason now
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01621-00507030-00507299 the kind of nothing happen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01622-00507300-00507472 they have started reading elections
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01623-00507473-00507953 since 1945. now he says
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01624-00507954-00508151 he think that he my friend go even
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01625-00508152-00508331 though he knows nothing I just come here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01626-00508332-00508487 accordingly talking on he knows nothing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01627-00508488-00508697 if you know if you know something you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01628-00508697-00508913 will know because of your idiots you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01629-00508914-00509131 can't even listen
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01630-00509132-00509345 you are there you people are killing the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01631-00509346-00509525 evil people saying that evil people are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01632-00509526-00509722 coming to occupy your land is you know
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01633-00509723-00509885 what you people are saying today
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01634-00509885-00510035 but you are the one that said they land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01635-00510035-00510179 to a woman
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01636-00510180-00510377 and you have forgotten that the Lagos is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01637-00510378-00510701 a federal capital before former capital
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01638-00510702-00510935 that the allocation that is coming to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01639-00510935-00511222 Lagos no no place is coming
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01640-00511223-00511637 in in evil land in our land or the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01641-00511638-00511859 Eastern region of Biafra the cutoff Mark
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01642-00511860-00512087 of common entrance is not the same thing
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01643-00512088-00512357 in in West it's not the same thing in in
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01644-00512358-00512543 the north and you never ask yourself
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01645-00512543-00512879 that question why why the cutoff Mark of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01646-00512880-00513083 the Eastern Regional Eastern region of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01647-00513084-00513251 Biafra the Eastern region of that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01648-00513252-00513377 Contraption called dominable will be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01649-00513378-00513539 different from the west and different
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01650-00513539-00513695 from the north you don't ask yourself
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01651-00513696-00513814 that question
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01652-00513815-00514193 but we are one no way we are one We Are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01653-00514193-00514264 One
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01654-00514265-00514445 We Are One
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01655-00514446-00514666 that is the just in new people and you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01656-00514667-00514841 don't want to reason
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01657-00514842-00515027 you will make accommodation you will
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01658-00515028-00515255 allow them to come after they have built
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01659-00515256-00515447 finish now you are chasing them away to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01660-00515447-00515525 go
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01661-00515526-00515716 why are you chasing them away
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01662-00515717-00515879 is it not enable that won the election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01663-00515880-00516160 then why are you killing them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01664-00516162-00516383 why are you killing them why are you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01665-00516384-00517662 killing them
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01666-00517663-00518009 they died in 2017 and you have forgotten
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01667-00518010-00518327 that the Queen Elizabeth the second the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01668-00518328-00518543 one that just died about three or four
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01669-00518543-00518668 months ago
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01670-00518669-00518903 wrote a congress letter to Nigeria so
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01671-00518904-00519041 you don't say it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01672-00519042-00519251 and that our stupid brother is there
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01673-00519252-00519455 impersonating Bugatti
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01674-00519456-00519683 impersonating Bugatti because of money
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01675-00519684-00519959 they are paying him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01676-00519960-00520187 today they kill our people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01677-00520188-00520451 they lead the election they won
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01678-00520452-00520691 election of Nigeria never the region of
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01679-00520692-00520859 election did not start today that is why
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01680-00520860-00521089 sometimes I see my brother Peter will be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01681-00521089-00521429 I don't agree because election they have
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01682-00521430-00521555 started leading the election it's not
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01683-00521556-00521791 today it's not today it started during
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01684-00521792-00521957 Bugatti
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01685-00521958-00522287 and um and Jonathan they leaked the
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01686-00522288-00522359 election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01687-00522360-00522677 during atiku and the Bugatti they lead
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01688-00522678-00522839 the election
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01689-00522839-00523127 so it's it's like that in that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01690-00523128-00523505 Contraption only what can save all of us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01691-00523506-00525253 for you balance
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01692-00525254-00525816 no correct because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01693-00525817-00525995 you know if you tell me all this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01694-00525996-00526091 nonsense
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01695-00526092-00526325 we speak different languages
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01696-00526326-00526589 I have been in Yoruba land
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01697-00526590-00526855 why why should I be there because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01698-00526856-00527177 after you finish your school in eastern
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01699-00527178-00527381 region of that Contraption called you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01700-00527382-00527585 can never find work now you have to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01701-00527586-00527783 force yourself to come there and walk
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01702-00527784-00528107 because all the government presence are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01703-00528108-00528359 in the west and the North
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01704-00528360-00528605 have you asked yourself which Embassy is
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01705-00528606-00528868 in in eastern region of Biafra you say
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01706-00528869-00529133 We Are One let us Forge ahead let us
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01707-00529134-00529457 leave us a one how many embassies do you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01708-00529458-00529666 have in our place no
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01709-00529667-00530033 government houses none zero
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01710-00530034-00530285 government presence none
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01711-00530286-00530561 you come here talking also of rubbish
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01712-00530562-00530687 idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01713-00530688-00530879 and after I finish I think I will let me
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01714-00530880-00531029 find if I can be able to block you from
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01715-00531030-00531233 here idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01716-00531234-00531449 that is from
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01717-00531450-00531749 is from uh what they call it
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01718-00531750-00532114 this thing is from
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01719-00532115-00532331 is formico Biafra
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01720-00532332-00532564 Biafra extension
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01721-00532565-00532859 I don't know I think let me find it like
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01722-00532860-00532961 this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01723-00532962-00533225 let me see if I can block him like this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01724-00533226-00533483 you abandoned him from the live stream
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01725-00533484-00533705 banned him from the Stream
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01726-00533706-00533933 banned him from the page let me bind him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01727-00533934-00534203 from the page confirm
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01728-00534204-00534425 idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01729-00534426-00534575 I banned him
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01730-00534576-00534718 idiot
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01731-00534719-00534905 all right wonderful people I greet you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01732-00534906-00535079 all for listening
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01733-00535080-00535349 to this wonderful program
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01734-00535350-00535516 I thank you all we are now coming here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01735-00535517-00535666 to lie to you people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01736-00535667-00535822 we are coming here to tell you people
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01737-00535823-00536020 what is going on
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01738-00536021-00536212 of course I still want you people to
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01739-00536213-00536333 understand that we don't care about
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01740-00536334-00536435 Facebook
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01741-00536436-00536687 we are on frequency
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01742-00536688-00536903 we are on frequency
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01743-00536904-00537137 biafran television channel one
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01744-00537138-00537485 that is where we are because
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01745-00537486-00537629 if you think that you're going to be
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01746-00537630-00537761 waiting for Facebook with all this they
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01747-00537762-00537970 are nonsensical
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01748-00537971-00538259 and the bad attitude they are they are
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01749-00538260-00538512 they are given to us you will know that
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01750-00538513-00538859 but we have already made our ground we
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01751-00538860-00539033 have already watered our ground
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01752-00539034-00539177 and we are not going to stop on this
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01753-00539178-00539527 Biafra restoration project
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01754-00539528-00539866 foreign the prisoner of conscience I
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01755-00539867-00540061 salute you
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01756-00540062-00540472 the wife of our leader from me from here
+s6L8HUo8b4Q-01757-00540473-00540794 it is good afternoon
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00000-00000064-00000262 stick position okay right yes we are
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00001-00000263-00000534 ready okay very good
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00002-00000535-00000767 good morning welcome to the 23rd edition
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00003-00000768-00001047 of geofluid the international exhibition
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00004-00001048-00001239 of drilling and foundation we are here
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00005-00001240-00001543 at our geofluid tv studio to ask some
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00006-00001544-00001751 questions to one of our international
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00007-00001752-00002055 exhibitors in particular we have here mr
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00008-00002056-00002334 haroun sikichi from turkey
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00009-00002335-00002567 welcome and the name of the company is
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00010-00002568-00002823 skc machina
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00011-00002824-00003095 welcome mr haroon uh please tell us
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00012-00003096-00003286 something about your company
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00013-00003288-00003663 my company is established in 2013 and
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00014-00003664-00003911 our product range are
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00015-00003911-00004206 descending units descended
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00016-00004207-00004622 bantonite mixers bentonite tanks
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00017-00004623-00004815 drilling tools and
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00018-00004816-00005051 we train machines
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00019-00005052-00005206 [Music]
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00020-00005207-00005311 we
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00021-00005312-00005391 our
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00022-00005392-00005663 factories in istanbul turkey
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00023-00005664-00006079 and we are our
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00024-00006080-00006399 90 percent we exporting our products to
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00025-00006400-00006583 other countries
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00026-00006584-00006798 and we are here
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00027-00006800-00007183 to met with european customers also
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00028-00007184-00007431 it was perfect for us to come here yeah
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00029-00007431-00007623 thank you and from what i know it's the
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00030-00007623-00007823 first time for you to come to joe floyd
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00031-00007823-00007991 as an exhibition right
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00032-00007992-00008087 so and
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00033-00008088-00008246 what do you think in the overall
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00034-00008247-00008463 experience till now
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00035-00008464-00008655 it was perfect for us i think okay we
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00036-00008656-00008903 met uh lots of european customers
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00037-00008904-00009071 because we
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00038-00009072-00009239 we have european customers but not too
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00039-00009240-00009319 much
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00040-00009320-00009431 but
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00041-00009432-00009606 it was very good for us to met with
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00042-00009607-00009871 european customers it's the point for us
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00043-00009872-00010063 that's great that's the purpose of the
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00044-00010064-00010191 fair that's great
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00045-00010192-00010463 and one more question um what's the plan
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00046-00010464-00010623 for the future of your company what do
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00047-00010624-00010871 you have in mind of course we want to
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00048-00010872-00011046 grow our
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00049-00011047-00011327 company at our product range also
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00050-00011328-00011519 to meet with
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00051-00011520-00011799 new customers new european customers and
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00052-00011800-00012263 to grow our endorsement of course
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00053-00012264-00012487 yeah that's great so then we hope to see
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00054-00012488-00012767 your next edition
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00055-00012768-00012935 thank you so much thank you thank you
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00056-00012936-00013247 very much
+s9YpVKuQwFk-00057-00013247-00013487 all right
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00000-00000336-00000476 laughs
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00004-00010229-00010685 thank you
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00005-00010686-00010973 so I'm moving the flock
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00006-00010974-00011267 to a new field now
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00007-00011268-00011573 no longer to the wind charger field
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00008-00011574-00011891 and I've been catching a few Lambs this
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00009-00011892-00012292 is the Miss Lacy and treating their feet
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00010-00012293-00012535 she's a very sore foot there
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00011-00012536-00012796 had a bit of an infection in it so
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00012-00012797-00012965 hopefully
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00013-00012966-00013271 uh she'll be fine
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00014-00013272-00013433 there's a couple others that are a
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00015-00013434-00013708 little bit lame with scald
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00016-00013709-00013943 and uh
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00017-00013944-00014158 yeah
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00018-00014159-00014471 I'm holding her because I want the spray
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00019-00014472-00014615 to dry
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00020-00014616-00014897 particularly in that bottom left
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00021-00014897-00015533 hoof
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00022-00015534-00015857 Inca leave it leave it alone
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00023-00015858-00016193 see
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00024-00016194-00016505 she doesn't like it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00025-00016506-00016685 oh that looks dry
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00026-00016686-00016829 okay
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00027-00016830-00017236 so she's gonna look like she's crippled
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00028-00017237-00017467 for a minute or two
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00029-00017468-00017591 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00030-00017592-00017807 see she's holding it up
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00031-00017808-00018083 but it had a infection in it there
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00032-00018084-00018250 was something caught in it and I had to
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00033-00018251-00018365 take it out
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00034-00018366-00018544 so poor little lady is gonna be
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00035-00018545-00018743 three-legged
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00036-00018744-00019067 but she's been treated
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00037-00019068-00019349 her mommy's up there but she's coming
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00038-00019350-00019672 pretty quickly on three legs
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00039-00019673-00020080 okay ladies
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00040-00020081-00020614 are you ready for moving day
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00041-00020615-00021017 come on ladies hey Maya leave it they're
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00042-00021018-00021172 not going up the laneway they're going
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00043-00021173-00021335 out this way
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00044-00021336-00021436 no
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00045-00021437-00021700 Maya
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00046-00021701-00021977 come on ladies
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00047-00021978-00022157 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00048-00022158-00022475 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00049-00022476-00022678 Inca leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00050-00022679-00023786 foreign
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00051-00023787-00024680 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00052-00024681-00025567 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00053-00025568-00025943 come on ladies
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00054-00025944-00026170 what
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00055-00026172-00026399 come on ladies
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00056-00026400-00026658 good stuff
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00057-00026660-00027173 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00058-00027174-00027412 they think they're going up the hill but
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00059-00027413-00027611 they're not
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00060-00027612-00027785 I'm gonna let them graze here for a
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00061-00027786-00027946 minute or two
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00062-00027947-00028258 and go and sort Gates out to get them
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00063-00028260-00028454 out into the new field
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00064-00028455-00029195 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00065-00029195-00029357 now
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00066-00029358-00029573 the lame yo
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00067-00029574-00029837 is sound
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00068-00029838-00030124 and she's waiting at this gate
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00069-00030125-00030370 so I'm going to let her out
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00070-00030372-00030562 because she's going to join the rest of
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00071-00030563-00030952 the flock
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00072-00030954-00031252 so she can go ahead of them
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00073-00031254-00031612 you coming come on girl
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00074-00031613-00031757 your Lambs are they going to follow you
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00075-00031758-00032267 or not
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00076-00032268-00032555 come on brindle out of the way
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00077-00032556-00032843 Inca out of the way out of the way good
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00078-00032844-00033017 girl
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00079-00033018-00033251 there we go
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00080-00033252-00033785 you can see she's going quite sound now
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00081-00033786-00033911 now I've got to get the rest of the
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00082-00033912-00034079 flock
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00083-00034080-00034337 and it's very hard to get the Lambs all
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00084-00034338-00034505 through this little gate
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00085-00034506-00034912 because they'll stop here
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00086-00034913-00035189 and panic
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00087-00035190-00035555 Magpie overseeing proceedings
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00088-00035556-00035807 how's magpie and you've gone through
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00089-00035808-00035896 there
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00090-00035897-00036257 okay girls come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00091-00036258-00036347 come on girls
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00092-00036348-00036502 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00093-00036503-00036952 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00094-00036953-00037331 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00095-00037332-00037768 come on girl
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00096-00037769-00039000 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00097-00039001-00039535 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00098-00039536-00040302 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00099-00040303-00041117 all right
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00100-00041118-00041543 wait Anka come back here
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00101-00041544-00041662 wait
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00102-00041663-00042040 wait
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00103-00042041-00042437 nearly there
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00104-00042438-00042683 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00105-00042684-00042887 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00106-00042888-00043318 hey leave it leave it Maya Maya leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00107-00043319-00043896 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00108-00043897-00044908 Maya leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00109-00044909-00045640 leave it Maya
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00110-00045641-00045815 okay
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00111-00045816-00046318 no ebony go this way
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00112-00046319-00046505 okay leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00113-00046506-00047057 leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00114-00047058-00047374 each section you have to go through
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00115-00047375-00048155 the Lambs start getting lost
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00116-00048156-00048479 come on girls
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00117-00048480-00048917 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00118-00048918-00049285 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00119-00049286-00049624 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00120-00049625-00050015 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00121-00050016-00050230 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00122-00050231-00050362 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00123-00050363-00050627 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00124-00050628-00051557 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00125-00051558-00051832 okay okay hey
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00126-00051833-00052079 this is not looking as bad as it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00127-00052079-00052319 normally would be
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00128-00052320-00052637 the Nettles are actually acting as a
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00129-00052638-00052871 funnels for the Lambs to go through the
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00130-00052872-00053111 gate go on girls
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00131-00053112-00053759 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00132-00053760-00056154 okay
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00133-00056155-00056454 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00134-00056455-00056729 the hoggets are in there
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00135-00056729-00057042 don't want the flock mixing
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00136-00057044-00057208 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00137-00057209-00058247 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00138-00058248-00058721 come on girls
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00139-00058722-00059063 mom
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00140-00059064-00059323 foreign
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00141-00059324-00059598 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00142-00059599-00060779 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00143-00060780-00061376 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00144-00061377-00061415 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00145-00061416-00062419 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00146-00062420-00062819 go on ebony go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00147-00062820-00063011 one
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00148-00063012-00063026 one
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00149-00063027-00063185 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00150-00063186-00063358 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00151-00063359-00063722 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00152-00063723-00063965 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00153-00063966-00064391 don't you dare go out in that field
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00154-00064391-00064541 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00155-00064541-00064703 there we go
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00156-00064704-00065067 now there's one yo stuck up here
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00157-00065069-00065237 [Music]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00158-00065238-00065669 always one
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00159-00065670-00066515 all the others have gone down
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00160-00066516-00066803 you're just eating the cow parsley I
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00161-00066804-00067211 know what you want go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00162-00067212-00067776 go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00163-00067777-00068243 Maya Maya Maya Maya leave it
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00164-00068244-00068387 good girl
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00165-00068388-00068897 good girl
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00166-00068898-00069185 oh
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00167-00069186-00069419 there we go
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00168-00069420-00069667 oh look
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00169-00069668-00069947 and there Judy is eating all the
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00170-00069948-00070061 bluebells
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00171-00070062-00070253 come on ebony
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00172-00070254-00070465 come on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00173-00070466-00070775 all that lovely bunch of bluebells is
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00174-00070776-00071032 now two-thirds of it is eaten go on
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00175-00071033-00071147 ebony
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00176-00071148-00071650 how'd you go
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00177-00071651-00071855 so here
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00178-00071856-00072179 under a beautiful lime trees
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00179-00072180-00072888 horse chestnut trees Larch trees
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00180-00072889-00073006 [Applause]
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00181-00073007-00073194 a new field
+sqqnYEN6iZI-00182-00073195-00073805 [Music]
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00000-00000000-00000158 i hope you fall in love with someone
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00001-00000159-00000430 very special me too you have such a cute
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00002-00000431-00000695 little sister ray she's adorable
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00003-00000696-00000871 yeah just looking at you two gives me
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00004-00000872-00001023 hope that my luck will change and i'll
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00005-00001024-00001223 find true love with that kind of
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00006-00001224-00001415 positive spirit i'm sure you will very
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00007-00001416-00001614 soon really then i'll come for
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00008-00001616-00001791 inspiration every day
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00009-00001792-00002145 we'll be here waiting thank you
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00010-00002146-00003990 [Music]
+srt8ZNSCbT8-00011-00003992-00004200 you
+su86l-Y2E34-00000-00000266-00001254 [Music]
+su86l-Y2E34-00001-00001255-00001648 thank you 1000 and today I have a craft
+su86l-Y2E34-00002-00001650-00002014 to do so we are gonna do this craft
+su86l-Y2E34-00003-00002016-00002315 I you did I think it was last year I did
+su86l-Y2E34-00004-00002316-00002495 a globe
+su86l-Y2E34-00005-00002496-00002560 um
+su86l-Y2E34-00006-00002561-00002897 I got a Dollar Tree and the problem was
+su86l-Y2E34-00007-00002898-00003221 that the top was missing this little
+su86l-Y2E34-00008-00003222-00003490 piece right here this plastic piece
+su86l-Y2E34-00009-00003492-00003911 was missing and so it ended up leaking
+su86l-Y2E34-00010-00003911-00004199 because that piece is really important
+su86l-Y2E34-00011-00004200-00004438 if you don't have this piece it will
+su86l-Y2E34-00012-00004439-00004756 leak everywhere trust me I know
+su86l-Y2E34-00013-00004757-00005063 so and I had I think I got the
+su86l-Y2E34-00014-00005064-00005225 directions or I didn't get the
+su86l-Y2E34-00015-00005226-00005543 directions for it too so I finally went
+su86l-Y2E34-00016-00005544-00005897 back to Dollar Tree and I found one that
+su86l-Y2E34-00017-00005898-00006167 has it so I wanted to do another glove
+su86l-Y2E34-00018-00006168-00006478 to make it right and um so I got a
+su86l-Y2E34-00019-00006479-00006719 couple little things too I got these two
+su86l-Y2E34-00020-00006720-00006964 little things it's two lights and a
+su86l-Y2E34-00021-00006965-00007060 bench
+su86l-Y2E34-00022-00007061-00007445 and then I have some Christmas trees now
+su86l-Y2E34-00023-00007445-00007589 I'm not going to use all of them of
+su86l-Y2E34-00024-00007590-00007720 course I'm just going to use a couple
+su86l-Y2E34-00025-00007722-00008033 maybe that depends on the size of it and
+su86l-Y2E34-00026-00008034-00008267 I also got some glitter here I'm going
+su86l-Y2E34-00027-00008268-00008483 to use gold this time the last time I
+su86l-Y2E34-00028-00008484-00008596 think I use
+su86l-Y2E34-00029-00008597-00008914 um a package of uh they were like white
+su86l-Y2E34-00030-00008915-00009178 snowflake silver kind of and the problem
+su86l-Y2E34-00031-00009179-00009407 was I think they were really heavy it
+su86l-Y2E34-00032-00009408-00009695 were made for this but um and I got a
+su86l-Y2E34-00033-00009696-00009892 Dollar Tree too but I they were really
+su86l-Y2E34-00034-00009893-00010091 heavy and they just
+su86l-Y2E34-00035-00010092-00010349 they didn't do what I wanted to do so
+su86l-Y2E34-00036-00010350-00010589 hopefully maybe this might work a little
+su86l-Y2E34-00037-00010590-00010817 bit better so we're gonna try it anyways
+su86l-Y2E34-00038-00010818-00010955 with that great
+su86l-Y2E34-00039-00010956-00011105 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00040-00011106-00011381 um yeah so stay tuned and I'm going to
+su86l-Y2E34-00041-00011382-00011663 get my stuff together here and we'll get
+su86l-Y2E34-00042-00011664-00011759 it going
+su86l-Y2E34-00043-00011760-00012173 be right back
+su86l-Y2E34-00044-00012174-00012437 okay guys so I took the lid off I'm
+su86l-Y2E34-00045-00012438-00012599 trying to get the plastic thing out I'm
+su86l-Y2E34-00046-00012600-00012785 gonna pry it with a butter knife see if
+su86l-Y2E34-00047-00012786-00013007 I can get it out it should just pop
+su86l-Y2E34-00048-00013008-00013222 right off but I don't
+su86l-Y2E34-00049-00013223-00013794 you know
+su86l-Y2E34-00050-00013795-00014125 uh yeah right
+su86l-Y2E34-00051-00014126-00014363 I don't want to put a hole in it either
+su86l-Y2E34-00052-00014363-00014465 because
+su86l-Y2E34-00053-00014466-00014591 you know
+su86l-Y2E34-00054-00014591-00014753 you put a hole in it and then it's going
+su86l-Y2E34-00055-00014754-00014927 to leak and we're gonna be in the same
+su86l-Y2E34-00056-00014928-00015161 mess we were last time
+su86l-Y2E34-00057-00015162-00015371 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00058-00015372-00015557 I think I ended up throwing that out
+su86l-Y2E34-00059-00015558-00015736 because all it did was leak I kept it
+su86l-Y2E34-00060-00015737-00016036 for a little bit but um
+su86l-Y2E34-00061-00016037-00016300 it's just late I couldn't keep it after
+su86l-Y2E34-00062-00016301-00016571 Christmas was over
+su86l-Y2E34-00063-00016572-00017003 so I just thought I'd try to do it again
+su86l-Y2E34-00064-00017004-00017207 yeah I get the plastic thing now I can't
+su86l-Y2E34-00065-00017208-00017377 get it out
+su86l-Y2E34-00066-00017378-00017615 yeah okay
+su86l-Y2E34-00067-00017616-00017807 I'll be back when I get this thing out
+su86l-Y2E34-00068-00017808-00018029 be right back
+su86l-Y2E34-00069-00018030-00018365 hey everyone okay so what I've been
+su86l-Y2E34-00070-00018366-00018611 trying to edit this um
+su86l-Y2E34-00071-00018612-00018965 this this project and I found that there
+su86l-Y2E34-00072-00018966-00019180 was a clip messing so I wanted to
+su86l-Y2E34-00073-00019181-00019464 explain some things that wasn't said
+su86l-Y2E34-00074-00019465-00019858 that was said but I lost it from the SD
+su86l-Y2E34-00075-00019859-00020044 card so
+su86l-Y2E34-00076-00020045-00020308 um what you want to do I did have these
+su86l-Y2E34-00077-00020309-00020572 little things I think you might have
+su86l-Y2E34-00078-00020573-00020825 seen them you you saw them in the globe
+su86l-Y2E34-00079-00020826-00020975 anyways
+su86l-Y2E34-00080-00020976-00021155 um I got this at Dollar Tree for a
+su86l-Y2E34-00081-00021156-00021419 dollar 25 okay and it had the little
+su86l-Y2E34-00082-00021420-00021791 trees same price and then I um the
+su86l-Y2E34-00083-00021792-00022036 glitter that I had already had so what
+su86l-Y2E34-00084-00022037-00022253 you got to do that little plastic piece
+su86l-Y2E34-00085-00022254-00022433 that's inside this globe I can't take
+su86l-Y2E34-00086-00022434-00022697 this off because I glued it now but um
+su86l-Y2E34-00087-00022698-00022930 the one that I show you in the clip
+su86l-Y2E34-00088-00022931-00023297 before it's it um you take it out and
+su86l-Y2E34-00089-00023298-00023494 then you put your little ornaments on
+su86l-Y2E34-00090-00023495-00023747 there and you glue them now I use the
+su86l-Y2E34-00091-00023748-00024071 gorilla Zoo gorilla the Gorilla Glue
+su86l-Y2E34-00092-00024072-00024485 can't speak and I use that now you have
+su86l-Y2E34-00093-00024486-00024713 to wait 24 hours to let it dry but
+su86l-Y2E34-00094-00024714-00024857 before you do that you got to put
+su86l-Y2E34-00095-00024858-00025019 sandpaper on it and you got to rub it
+su86l-Y2E34-00096-00025020-00025469 down so just enough to to
+su86l-Y2E34-00097-00025470-00025733 um you know make it rough and and get
+su86l-Y2E34-00098-00025733-00026122 that glossy look gone so I wanted to
+su86l-Y2E34-00099-00026123-00026368 make sure that it was said because if
+su86l-Y2E34-00100-00026369-00026668 you don't do this and you don't glue
+su86l-Y2E34-00101-00026669-00026993 these on there it ain't gonna work so
+su86l-Y2E34-00102-00026994-00027377 that was my thing so anyways I'm sorry
+su86l-Y2E34-00103-00027377-00027568 about the SD card
+su86l-Y2E34-00104-00027569-00027881 um yeah so at least I only lost one clip
+su86l-Y2E34-00105-00027882-00028217 on this one and my other video that I
+su86l-Y2E34-00106-00028218-00028451 did that's already up
+su86l-Y2E34-00107-00028452-00028835 um I lost the whole thing so yeah which
+su86l-Y2E34-00108-00028836-00029158 I explained in that video so anyways so
+su86l-Y2E34-00109-00029160-00029446 I have um shavier gave me another SD
+su86l-Y2E34-00110-00029447-00029602 card so I'm not going to use that SD
+su86l-Y2E34-00111-00029604-00029890 card anymore so um yeah we're gonna have
+su86l-Y2E34-00112-00029891-00030161 to order some so that's what we've
+su86l-Y2E34-00113-00030162-00030358 talked about last night is ordering some
+su86l-Y2E34-00114-00030360-00030611 more SD cards anyways that's what I
+su86l-Y2E34-00115-00030612-00030857 wanted to explain so
+su86l-Y2E34-00116-00030858-00031312 um yeah so yeah continue watching
+su86l-Y2E34-00117-00031313-00031624 oh and now this is the next day and we
+su86l-Y2E34-00118-00031625-00031973 let it dry it's it's thicken really good
+su86l-Y2E34-00119-00031974-00032268 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00120-00032269-00032567 excuse me okay
+su86l-Y2E34-00121-00032568-00032849 so now what are we gonna do
+su86l-Y2E34-00122-00032850-00033143 we have the glue on there we let it
+su86l-Y2E34-00123-00033144-00033389 um do for 24 hours fill the globe
+su86l-Y2E34-00124-00033390-00033665 container with water or baby oil but I
+su86l-Y2E34-00125-00033666-00033946 have enough room to put the seam inside
+su86l-Y2E34-00126-00033947-00034252 without overflowing so it doesn't tell
+su86l-Y2E34-00127-00034253-00034531 you how much water to put in here
+su86l-Y2E34-00128-00034532-00034924 so I guess I put it maybe here to this
+su86l-Y2E34-00129-00034925-00035124 rim
+su86l-Y2E34-00130-00035125-00035393 maybe underneath it
+su86l-Y2E34-00131-00035394-00035621 yeah I don't want to have it though
+su86l-Y2E34-00132-00035622-00035837 because when you turn it over if you
+su86l-Y2E34-00133-00035838-00036035 don't have enough water in it it's going
+su86l-Y2E34-00134-00036036-00036227 to Bubble up here and you're going to
+su86l-Y2E34-00135-00036228-00036449 have this space up here and that's not
+su86l-Y2E34-00136-00036450-00036743 going to be no good so I think I will
+su86l-Y2E34-00137-00036744-00036935 try here because then when you put this
+su86l-Y2E34-00138-00036936-00037229 in it's going to push it yeah it'll push
+su86l-Y2E34-00139-00037230-00037493 the water and this has to go in kind of
+su86l-Y2E34-00140-00037494-00037843 you snap it in so it has to go in so
+su86l-Y2E34-00141-00037844-00038099 okay so I'm going to fill this up with
+su86l-Y2E34-00142-00038100-00038207 water
+su86l-Y2E34-00143-00038208-00038573 and I'm gonna be back
+su86l-Y2E34-00144-00038574-00038812 butter in I got it right underneath the
+su86l-Y2E34-00145-00038813-00039005 rim here
+su86l-Y2E34-00146-00039006-00039155 um hopefully that's not going to push
+su86l-Y2E34-00147-00039156-00039365 any water out I hope not but if it does
+su86l-Y2E34-00148-00039366-00039551 it does whatever
+su86l-Y2E34-00149-00039552-00039940 so kind of gotta do everything with two
+su86l-Y2E34-00150-00039941-00040373 hands one hand half a hand
+su86l-Y2E34-00151-00040374-00040727 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00152-00040728-00040996 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00153-00040997-00041230 I wonder if I could get a cup let me get
+su86l-Y2E34-00154-00041231-00041818 a cup and I can sit this in
+su86l-Y2E34-00155-00041819-00041969 foreign
+su86l-Y2E34-00156-00041970-00043318 [Music]
+su86l-Y2E34-00157-00043319-00043571 so then I can set it on here so you guys
+su86l-Y2E34-00158-00043572-00043817 can see better too shaver is working
+su86l-Y2E34-00159-00043818-00044008 outside he's got a
+su86l-Y2E34-00160-00044009-00044315 friend over that um
+su86l-Y2E34-00161-00044316-00044549 that need is back brakes done so he's
+su86l-Y2E34-00162-00044550-00044849 working on this truck today so that's
+su86l-Y2E34-00163-00044850-00045058 what you're hearing is the compressor on
+su86l-Y2E34-00164-00045059-00045340 and off all right so we're gonna put the
+su86l-Y2E34-00165-00045341-00045629 sparkles in here
+su86l-Y2E34-00166-00045630-00045929 and there wasn't a whole lot I mean I
+su86l-Y2E34-00167-00045930-00046115 don't want to put a bunch in there but
+su86l-Y2E34-00168-00046116-00046301 because last time I think I put a little
+su86l-Y2E34-00169-00046302-00046523 bit too much in
+su86l-Y2E34-00170-00046524-00046865 I'll add a little bit more in there
+su86l-Y2E34-00171-00046866-00047057 and that should be enough
+su86l-Y2E34-00172-00047058-00047530 because if you I think the saddle
+su86l-Y2E34-00173-00047531-00047758 and we'll put a little bit more flakes
+su86l-Y2E34-00174-00047759-00047933 in there
+su86l-Y2E34-00175-00047934-00048155 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00176-00048156-00048371 oh I never got it all over the counter
+su86l-Y2E34-00177-00048372-00048851 I'm gonna Sparkle all day
+su86l-Y2E34-00178-00048852-00049055 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00179-00049056-00049321 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00180-00049322-00049643 all right
+su86l-Y2E34-00181-00049644-00049871 all right so what it what you do now
+su86l-Y2E34-00182-00049872-00050140 they want you to put glue around here
+su86l-Y2E34-00183-00050141-00050393 because it won't they want you to seal
+su86l-Y2E34-00184-00050394-00050693 it so it won't leak so I'm gonna get my
+su86l-Y2E34-00185-00050694-00050974 glue that I used to put these on I think
+su86l-Y2E34-00186-00050975-00051304 that would be better than hot glue and
+su86l-Y2E34-00187-00051305-00051696 um it's right here so let me get this
+su86l-Y2E34-00188-00051697-00051958 and Lola
+su86l-Y2E34-00189-00051959-00052144 put the glue on there
+su86l-Y2E34-00190-00052145-00052438 this is waterproof blue so
+su86l-Y2E34-00191-00052439-00052685 um it's a little pricey but it's well
+su86l-Y2E34-00192-00052686-00052930 worth it because you know I think this
+su86l-Y2E34-00193-00052932-00053092 is the best stuff
+su86l-Y2E34-00194-00053094-00053326 and um
+su86l-Y2E34-00195-00053327-00053573 yeah so you can use it on stuff like
+su86l-Y2E34-00196-00053574-00053915 this except the dang thing is old
+su86l-Y2E34-00197-00053916-00054226 so I've had it a while
+su86l-Y2E34-00198-00054227-00054497 so I'm just taking it out so I'm just
+su86l-Y2E34-00199-00054498-00054826 using a stick that I had yesterday
+su86l-Y2E34-00200-00054827-00055019 here
+su86l-Y2E34-00201-00055020-00055223 and I'm just going to put it up there
+su86l-Y2E34-00202-00055224-00055319 and
+su86l-Y2E34-00203-00055320-00055559 I'm going to put around the rim
+su86l-Y2E34-00204-00055560-00055811 and just do it like that now they say
+su86l-Y2E34-00205-00055812-00056092 you can use a hot glue glue gun but I
+su86l-Y2E34-00206-00056094-00056344 just someone was protected don't think
+su86l-Y2E34-00207-00056345-00056650 the hot glue gun is good enough
+su86l-Y2E34-00208-00056651-00056842 you know I think this would help a lot
+su86l-Y2E34-00209-00056844-00057335 better
+su86l-Y2E34-00210-00057336-00057671 and uh so
+su86l-Y2E34-00211-00057672-00057904 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00212-00057905-00058535 I'm gonna put this on
+su86l-Y2E34-00213-00058536-00058835 do my thing here
+su86l-Y2E34-00214-00058836-00059003 let's glue
+su86l-Y2E34-00215-00059004-00059242 it's like really bad
+su86l-Y2E34-00216-00059244-00059500 it cracked on me it I don't know how I
+su86l-Y2E34-00217-00059501-00059687 got a hole in it but it did
+su86l-Y2E34-00218-00059688-00059987 so it's kind of icky and it still works
+su86l-Y2E34-00219-00059988-00060197 it's working good so I'm just gonna use
+su86l-Y2E34-00220-00060198-00060515 it because this stuff is expensive
+su86l-Y2E34-00221-00060516-00060892 not cheap
+su86l-Y2E34-00222-00060894-00061192 that threes do I call that 600 stuff
+su86l-Y2E34-00223-00061194-00061391 that you buy at Dollar Tree I don't like
+su86l-Y2E34-00224-00061391-00061607 it I don't know why people like it so
+su86l-Y2E34-00225-00061608-00061882 much I don't think it works very well
+su86l-Y2E34-00226-00061883-00062188 you know it's cheap cheap glue
+su86l-Y2E34-00227-00062189-00062507 everybody swears by it but yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00228-00062508-00062854 I I don't like it
+su86l-Y2E34-00229-00062855-00063119 so I rather spend my money on something
+su86l-Y2E34-00230-00063120-00063341 that I know that's going to work
+su86l-Y2E34-00231-00063341-00063647 and not fall apart
+su86l-Y2E34-00232-00063648-00063892 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00233-00063894-00064054 just trying to make sure I don't get the
+su86l-Y2E34-00234-00064055-00064391 glue inside
+su86l-Y2E34-00235-00064391-00065038 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00236-00065039-00065525 yeah we just stirred the whole Rim here
+su86l-Y2E34-00237-00065526-00065759 hopefully I didn't put too many sparkles
+su86l-Y2E34-00238-00065760-00065950 in there
+su86l-Y2E34-00239-00065951-00066155 last time I think I had bought the
+su86l-Y2E34-00240-00066156-00066341 little baggies and I think I poured the
+su86l-Y2E34-00241-00066342-00066521 whole bag in there
+su86l-Y2E34-00242-00066522-00066935 pretty much and it was way too much
+su86l-Y2E34-00243-00066936-00067205 you just want a little bit in there okay
+su86l-Y2E34-00244-00067206-00067343 so now what I'm going to do I'm going to
+su86l-Y2E34-00245-00067344-00067600 push this inside Center it where I want
+su86l-Y2E34-00246-00067601-00067817 it I already tested this with the water
+su86l-Y2E34-00247-00067818-00067991 to make sure it's not going to pour all
+su86l-Y2E34-00248-00067992-00068153 the way out
+su86l-Y2E34-00249-00068154-00068543 and just gonna push it in
+su86l-Y2E34-00250-00068544-00068696 wow
+su86l-Y2E34-00251-00068697-00068915 [Music]
+su86l-Y2E34-00252-00068916-00069250 and there you go push it down real good
+su86l-Y2E34-00253-00069251-00069575 make sure
+su86l-Y2E34-00254-00069576-00069761 I got a little bit of water coming out
+su86l-Y2E34-00255-00069762-00070006 but not very much
+su86l-Y2E34-00256-00070007-00070229 so I did it right
+su86l-Y2E34-00257-00070230-00070517 so I would do it at The Rim there
+su86l-Y2E34-00258-00070518-00070679 that's about as close as you're gonna
+su86l-Y2E34-00259-00070680-00070871 get her it will overflow when you put
+su86l-Y2E34-00260-00070872-00071026 that in there
+su86l-Y2E34-00261-00071027-00071297 Okay so
+su86l-Y2E34-00262-00071298-00071723 now you can put hot glue on there
+su86l-Y2E34-00263-00071724-00071969 and um
+su86l-Y2E34-00264-00071970-00072119 foreign
+su86l-Y2E34-00265-00072120-00072323 and then put the lid on it's just to
+su86l-Y2E34-00266-00072324-00072538 make sure that it just the water don't
+su86l-Y2E34-00267-00072539-00073253 come out you know
+su86l-Y2E34-00268-00073254-00073438 trying to dry it a little bit because it
+su86l-Y2E34-00269-00073439-00073613 got a little wet
+su86l-Y2E34-00270-00073614-00073997 but this glue is waterproof so it's okay
+su86l-Y2E34-00271-00073998-00074363 so now I'm going to
+su86l-Y2E34-00272-00074364-00074585 to get the hot glue gun and I'm going to
+su86l-Y2E34-00273-00074586-00074782 warm it up and I'll put I'm going to put
+su86l-Y2E34-00274-00074783-00075029 it up here along the edge again just to
+su86l-Y2E34-00275-00075030-00075215 double seal it to make sure it's good
+su86l-Y2E34-00276-00075216-00075443 and I'll be back
+su86l-Y2E34-00277-00075444-00075815 okay guys so we're back now and um I got
+su86l-Y2E34-00278-00075816-00076085 my hot glue gun going on here so I'm
+su86l-Y2E34-00279-00076086-00076253 just going to go around the rim here
+su86l-Y2E34-00280-00076254-00076643 with the hot glue and um
+su86l-Y2E34-00281-00076644-00077285 I think it's ready it should be ready
+su86l-Y2E34-00282-00077286-00077512 yeah it's coming slowly
+su86l-Y2E34-00283-00077513-00077987 so I'm just gonna go around here
+su86l-Y2E34-00284-00077988-00078256 and
+su86l-Y2E34-00285-00078257-00078593 do my rim
+su86l-Y2E34-00286-00078594-00078893 just to give you a double thing so it's
+su86l-Y2E34-00287-00078894-00079115 not gonna leak on their table or
+su86l-Y2E34-00288-00079116-00079331 wherever you have it I think this would
+su86l-Y2E34-00289-00079332-00079606 be a great idea for Christmas gifts you
+su86l-Y2E34-00290-00079607-00079847 know you can you can help your kids make
+su86l-Y2E34-00291-00079848-00080081 these you know and it really doesn't
+su86l-Y2E34-00292-00080082-00080273 cost a whole lot you know for Christmas
+su86l-Y2E34-00293-00080274-00080447 and they could give them to Grandma and
+su86l-Y2E34-00294-00080448-00080699 Grandpa well Grandmas love stuff like
+su86l-Y2E34-00295-00080700-00080921 this you know and
+su86l-Y2E34-00296-00080922-00080975 um
+su86l-Y2E34-00297-00080976-00081119 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00298-00081120-00081299 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00299-00081300-00081682 I think it would be a fun thing
+su86l-Y2E34-00300-00081683-00081982 to do you just have to supervise if you
+su86l-Y2E34-00301-00081983-00082306 have young ones you know and um maybe
+su86l-Y2E34-00302-00082307-00082576 help them but if you have teenagers or
+su86l-Y2E34-00303-00082577-00082721 something like that they want to do
+su86l-Y2E34-00304-00082722-00082859 something like this you know they don't
+su86l-Y2E34-00305-00082860-00083243 have a lot of money and um yeah be a
+su86l-Y2E34-00306-00083244-00083387 great idea
+su86l-Y2E34-00307-00083388-00083650 yeah and then it's always something that
+su86l-Y2E34-00308-00083651-00083938 you know you remember you know
+su86l-Y2E34-00309-00083939-00084347 so I'm just gonna let this get hard
+su86l-Y2E34-00310-00084348-00084611 and uh
+su86l-Y2E34-00311-00084612-00084797 let's sit here for a minute it's already
+su86l-Y2E34-00312-00084798-00085181 hard really it's already hard
+su86l-Y2E34-00313-00085182-00085571 so I think it's good enough yeah good
+su86l-Y2E34-00314-00085572-00085703 and then what you're going to do is
+su86l-Y2E34-00315-00085704-00085937 you're going to just twist your cap on
+su86l-Y2E34-00316-00085938-00086182 now I might have to scrape some of this
+su86l-Y2E34-00317-00086183-00086519 off I might have made it too thick
+su86l-Y2E34-00318-00086520-00086717 yeah it's uh
+su86l-Y2E34-00319-00086718-00086938 just take some of it off where it's
+su86l-Y2E34-00320-00086939-00087094 thick at
+su86l-Y2E34-00321-00087095-00087311 and uh because you don't want it real
+su86l-Y2E34-00322-00087312-00087773 thick you don't need it thick
+su86l-Y2E34-00323-00087774-00088043 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00324-00088044-00088594 yeah so this cap can go on
+su86l-Y2E34-00325-00088595-00088811 and you're just going to twist this cap
+su86l-Y2E34-00326-00088812-00089741 on
+su86l-Y2E34-00327-00089742-00089956 okay let me get the cap on and I'll be
+su86l-Y2E34-00328-00089957-00090209 back
+su86l-Y2E34-00329-00090210-00090449 but you just got to make the glue not so
+su86l-Y2E34-00330-00090450-00090647 thick it's got to be very thin if you're
+su86l-Y2E34-00331-00090648-00090862 going to use a hot glue gun on it or you
+su86l-Y2E34-00332-00090863-00091115 can't get the cap on it so I had to take
+su86l-Y2E34-00333-00091116-00091300 a little bit off of it but it's no big
+su86l-Y2E34-00334-00091301-00091444 deal
+su86l-Y2E34-00335-00091445-00091744 and then you can flip it over
+su86l-Y2E34-00336-00091745-00092332 and there's your Globe let's shake it up
+su86l-Y2E34-00337-00092333-00092611 it made the chair gold
+su86l-Y2E34-00338-00092612-00092800 oh my God
+su86l-Y2E34-00339-00092801-00093100 I made the chair gold there you go oh
+su86l-Y2E34-00340-00093101-00093250 well
+su86l-Y2E34-00341-00093251-00093550 that's all right it's kind of cool
+su86l-Y2E34-00342-00093551-00093785 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00343-00093786-00094229 that's funny yeah see made the chair
+su86l-Y2E34-00344-00094230-00094450 gold and we made everything go
+su86l-Y2E34-00345-00094451-00094756 that's okay
+su86l-Y2E34-00346-00094757-00094949 that's funny
+su86l-Y2E34-00347-00094950-00095188 you could use the red stuff you can use
+su86l-Y2E34-00348-00095189-00095494 whatever you want in it flake you can
+su86l-Y2E34-00349-00095495-00095729 really just put dye in there right my
+su86l-Y2E34-00350-00095730-00095944 little bit of dye in there oh yeah yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00351-00095945-00096238 and you could do it that way too
+su86l-Y2E34-00352-00096239-00096394 yeah I might have put a little bit too
+su86l-Y2E34-00353-00096395-00096532 much you really
+su86l-Y2E34-00354-00096533-00096838 got to be very very little I think you
+su86l-Y2E34-00355-00096839-00097026 don't put as much in there as you think
+su86l-Y2E34-00356-00097027-00097318 I don't think I didn't put as much in as
+su86l-Y2E34-00357-00097319-00097576 last time though but yeah there you go
+su86l-Y2E34-00358-00097577-00097906 it's kind of cool
+su86l-Y2E34-00359-00097907-00098285 yeah everything's gold on it so
+su86l-Y2E34-00360-00098286-00098518 and it's not leaking either like my
+su86l-Y2E34-00361-00098519-00098641 other one did
+su86l-Y2E34-00362-00098642-00099065 yep there you go cool huh I don't have
+su86l-Y2E34-00363-00099066-00099318 my thing so see
+su86l-Y2E34-00364-00099319-00099844 so anyways that's that's what you do
+su86l-Y2E34-00365-00099845-00100043 that's cute
+su86l-Y2E34-00366-00100044-00100282 it'd be a great gift but I I put a
+su86l-Y2E34-00367-00100283-00100541 little don't put that much glitter in
+su86l-Y2E34-00368-00100542-00100787 there because it's not moving around it
+su86l-Y2E34-00369-00100788-00101081 kind of clumped up too with the water I
+su86l-Y2E34-00370-00101082-00101273 don't know why there goes
+su86l-Y2E34-00371-00101274-00101921 yeah you're having a bad glittering day
+su86l-Y2E34-00372-00101922-00102029 though
+su86l-Y2E34-00373-00102030-00102274 probably look nice at night time
+su86l-Y2E34-00374-00102275-00102616 and I I had lights around my other one
+su86l-Y2E34-00375-00102617-00103013 um LED lights I put around around it
+su86l-Y2E34-00376-00103014-00103271 um just sat on the table and and left it
+su86l-Y2E34-00377-00103272-00103456 so it probably looked nice that night
+su86l-Y2E34-00378-00103457-00103654 yeah
+su86l-Y2E34-00379-00103655-00103901 that was pretty cool anyways there you
+su86l-Y2E34-00380-00103902-00104201 go guys that concludes that one just
+su86l-Y2E34-00381-00104202-00104477 make sure you get that cap inside very
+su86l-Y2E34-00382-00104478-00104734 important I did not know the first time
+su86l-Y2E34-00383-00104735-00104986 I made this but
+su86l-Y2E34-00384-00104988-00105233 um yeah so and I wanted to use a
+su86l-Y2E34-00385-00105233-00105473 different glitter this time this is just
+su86l-Y2E34-00386-00105474-00105640 glitter
+su86l-Y2E34-00387-00105641-00105845 um the other stuff is some kind of like
+su86l-Y2E34-00388-00105846-00106078 white snowflakes or something that I got
+su86l-Y2E34-00389-00106079-00106390 a Dollar Tree tooth so this stuff I just
+su86l-Y2E34-00390-00106391-00106547 bought into
+su86l-Y2E34-00391-00106548-00106834 and just like this I had it already I
+su86l-Y2E34-00392-00106835-00107033 had red too I was going to maybe do red
+su86l-Y2E34-00393-00107033-00107273 but my mother liked the gold so I did
+su86l-Y2E34-00394-00107274-00107440 the gold for her
+su86l-Y2E34-00395-00107441-00107734 there you go so there you go
+su86l-Y2E34-00396-00107735-00107993 anyways I hope you have a good rest of
+su86l-Y2E34-00397-00107994-00108323 the week and um yeah stay tuned there
+su86l-Y2E34-00398-00108324-00108610 will be many many more videos coming up
+su86l-Y2E34-00399-00108611-00108725 so
+su86l-Y2E34-00400-00108726-00111215 we'll see you in the next one bye y'all
+su86l-Y2E34-00401-00111216-00111960 [Music]
+su86l-Y2E34-00402-00111961-00112274 thank you
+sunfNyOk4vk-00000-00000608-00000815 like that
+sunfNyOk4vk-00001-00000816-00001153 come come here okay okay
+sunfNyOk4vk-00002-00001154-00001536 I am now in Goa after two generations
+sunfNyOk4vk-00003-00001537-00001973 because my grandfather left Goa
+sunfNyOk4vk-00004-00001973-00002213 Campus before he was even married campus
+sunfNyOk4vk-00005-00002214-00002347 no no no
+sunfNyOk4vk-00006-00002348-00002971 he left foreign
+sunfNyOk4vk-00007-00002972-00003286 and things like that anyway my
+sunfNyOk4vk-00008-00003288-00003467 grandmother was born in bhusawal because
+sunfNyOk4vk-00009-00003468-00003719 her father my great-grandfather had left
+sunfNyOk4vk-00010-00003720-00003911 from sangolda to build the railway lines
+sunfNyOk4vk-00011-00003911-00004315 to from um you know
+sunfNyOk4vk-00012-00004316-00004672 so anyway that's how my grandfather and
+sunfNyOk4vk-00013-00004673-00004883 my grandfather my grandmother met in
+sunfNyOk4vk-00014-00004884-00005285 buzawal my father was born in bhusawal I
+sunfNyOk4vk-00015-00005286-00005572 was born in bhusawal but every year we
+sunfNyOk4vk-00016-00005573-00005783 came back to go every year we came back
+sunfNyOk4vk-00017-00005784-00005986 to go my every year my father came back
+sunfNyOk4vk-00018-00005987-00006209 to go ever since he was young and the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00019-00006210-00006509 moment my grandfather stepped on the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00020-00006509-00006773 island of diwar he would take the soil
+sunfNyOk4vk-00021-00006773-00007073 put it to his forehead and say
+sunfNyOk4vk-00022-00007073-00007367 because that was his land so we loved
+sunfNyOk4vk-00023-00007368-00007720 Goa right through but anyway I got into
+sunfNyOk4vk-00024-00007722-00008020 the service I I I schooled in bhusawal
+sunfNyOk4vk-00025-00008022-00008369 went to college in Bombay sat for my
+sunfNyOk4vk-00026-00008370-00008717 exam and got into the IAS in 1980
+sunfNyOk4vk-00027-00008718-00008957 and well after that I was allotted to
+sunfNyOk4vk-00028-00008958-00009389 the madhy Pradesh pardon first
+sunfNyOk4vk-00029-00009390-00009635 and I was allotted to the madhya Pradesh
+sunfNyOk4vk-00030-00009636-00009985 Garden
+sunfNyOk4vk-00031-00009986-00010337 and after my first posting I I met
+sunfNyOk4vk-00032-00010338-00010735 malucia in Bombay got married
+sunfNyOk4vk-00033-00010736-00011269 and and Malaysia at 20 got married to me
+sunfNyOk4vk-00034-00011270-00011674 and and the interesting thing was that
+sunfNyOk4vk-00035-00011675-00011987 her last her last bcom paper
+sunfNyOk4vk-00036-00011988-00012167 got leaked
+sunfNyOk4vk-00037-00012168-00012431 and uh someday I got leaked and some
+sunfNyOk4vk-00038-00012432-00012701 confusion happened and so that paper was
+sunfNyOk4vk-00039-00012702-00012857 canceled which year which year this is
+sunfNyOk4vk-00040-00012858-00013079 which year 84 84 and then bomber
+sunfNyOk4vk-00041-00013080-00013301 University announced a new schedule and
+sunfNyOk4vk-00042-00013302-00013451 they said because we don't want to upset
+sunfNyOk4vk-00043-00013452-00013619 the other schedule this paper will be
+sunfNyOk4vk-00044-00013619-00013811 re-held on a Sunday and we were getting
+sunfNyOk4vk-00045-00013812-00014057 married on a Sunday but one week before
+sunfNyOk4vk-00046-00014058-00014261 we go luckily was our 20th of May the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00047-00014262-00014447 13th of May otherwise I should have had
+sunfNyOk4vk-00048-00014447-00014621 her last paper on the day that we got
+sunfNyOk4vk-00049-00014622-00015355 married
+sunfNyOk4vk-00050-00015356-00015557 is my mother
+sunfNyOk4vk-00051-00015558-00015958 my mother is a campus she is from anjuna
+sunfNyOk4vk-00052-00015959-00016144 but my grandfather
+sunfNyOk4vk-00053-00016144-00016291 [Music]
+sunfNyOk4vk-00054-00016291-00016572 but otherwise
+sunfNyOk4vk-00055-00016573-00016889 but my grandfather was actually he went
+sunfNyOk4vk-00056-00016890-00017177 to Nairobi and he was consoled their
+sunfNyOk4vk-00057-00017178-00017435 consoles he set up he is he's the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00058-00017436-00017657 founder president of the Gohan Institute
+sunfNyOk4vk-00059-00017658-00017975 in Nairobi set it up there he was
+sunfNyOk4vk-00060-00017976-00018244 involved in the politics in Nairobi
+sunfNyOk4vk-00061-00018245-00018563 he led a movement for representation of
+sunfNyOk4vk-00062-00018564-00018797 Bowens he led a delegation to churches
+sunfNyOk4vk-00063-00018798-00019013 there's the interview that he had with
+sunfNyOk4vk-00064-00019014-00019258 Churchill which has been published also
+sunfNyOk4vk-00065-00019259-00019564 he wrote a tree ties which was quoted in
+sunfNyOk4vk-00066-00019565-00019714 the House of Commons
+sunfNyOk4vk-00067-00019715-00019936 in 1913
+sunfNyOk4vk-00068-00019937-00020249 Annie my mother was born in Nairobi but
+sunfNyOk4vk-00069-00020250-00020383 then in
+sunfNyOk4vk-00070-00020384-00020836 1931 my grandfather returned to go on
+sunfNyOk4vk-00071-00020837-00021221 and yeah he was here and then he did his
+sunfNyOk4vk-00072-00021222-00021569 career as uh as the trade commissioner
+sunfNyOk4vk-00073-00021570-00021850 for Portugal in Bombay
+sunfNyOk4vk-00074-00021851-00022055 and then when relations broke off
+sunfNyOk4vk-00075-00022056-00022294 between India and Portugal on the first
+sunfNyOk4vk-00076-00022295-00022594 of September 1955. he was declared
+sunfNyOk4vk-00077-00022595-00022828 person on grata and he had to overnight
+sunfNyOk4vk-00078-00022829-00023008 go to Karachi
+sunfNyOk4vk-00079-00023009-00023189 he was not allowed to come back to Goa
+sunfNyOk4vk-00080-00023190-00023435 also so he and my grandmother just had
+sunfNyOk4vk-00081-00023436-00023825 to leave uh Bombay and go to Karachi
+sunfNyOk4vk-00082-00023826-00024221 and then in 1958 he managed to get a
+sunfNyOk4vk-00083-00024222-00024472 direct report from Karachi to go because
+sunfNyOk4vk-00084-00024473-00024775 they couldn't come through India
+sunfNyOk4vk-00085-00024776-00025061 and he came to Goa
+sunfNyOk4vk-00086-00025062-00025319 and my mom and my dad came from musawal
+sunfNyOk4vk-00087-00025320-00025564 over here met him and
+sunfNyOk4vk-00088-00025565-00025775 he saw me for the first time because I
+sunfNyOk4vk-00089-00025776-00026189 was born after he left then he died he
+sunfNyOk4vk-00090-00026189-00026381 was in a day with enough within a week
+sunfNyOk4vk-00091-00026382-00026585 you know he just met me and died in a
+sunfNyOk4vk-00092-00026586-00026783 house in piedad he could not even go to
+sunfNyOk4vk-00093-00026783-00026968 their own house in Arjuna because it was
+sunfNyOk4vk-00094-00026969-00027196 uh it had not been lived in performance
+sunfNyOk4vk-00095-00027197-00027479 yeah
+sunfNyOk4vk-00096-00027480-00027677 yeah amazing son that is my mother's
+sunfNyOk4vk-00097-00027677-00027773 brother
+sunfNyOk4vk-00098-00027774-00027995 also had the privilege then of becoming
+sunfNyOk4vk-00099-00027995-00028123 the the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00100-00028124-00028457 strangely he became the vice Council for
+sunfNyOk4vk-00101-00028458-00028685 Portugal and in Thailand here Thailand
+sunfNyOk4vk-00102-00028686-00028907 no Thailand was my first his first
+sunfNyOk4vk-00103-00028908-00029195 cousin but my uncle was also in the
+sunfNyOk4vk-00104-00029195-00029905 Portugal diplomatic service
+sunfNyOk4vk-00105-00029906-00030311 to reopen the Portuguese Embassy he
+sunfNyOk4vk-00106-00030312-00030485 reopened established the Portuguese
+sunfNyOk4vk-00107-00030486-00030695 Embassy for five years he was in Delhi
+sunfNyOk4vk-00108-00030695-00030952 and then he went off to
+sunfNyOk4vk-00109-00030954-00031268 you amazing amazing
+suEBZqpnSgA-00000-00000341-00000686 we all win by living united by forging
+suEBZqpnSgA-00001-00000687-00000944 unlikely partnership by finding new
+suEBZqpnSgA-00002-00000944-00001258 solutions the old problem by mobilizing
+suEBZqpnSgA-00003-00001259-00001528 the best resources and by inspiring
+suEBZqpnSgA-00004-00001529-00001742 individuals to join the fight against
+suEBZqpnSgA-00005-00001743-00001951 our community's most daunting social
+suEBZqpnSgA-00006-00001952-00002237 crises we find every dollar we can to
+suEBZqpnSgA-00007-00002238-00002483 address that but we are more we are more
+suEBZqpnSgA-00008-00002484-00002710 than the fund raisers we are the
+suEBZqpnSgA-00009-00002711-00002992 hand-raisers we are the hand-raisers the
+suEBZqpnSgA-00010-00002993-00003254 game changing the game changers the stop
+suEBZqpnSgA-00011-00003254-00003511 talking start doing band together and
+suEBZqpnSgA-00012-00003513-00003729 take on the impossible task masters
+suEBZqpnSgA-00013-00003730-00004045 united we stand up for the children left
+suEBZqpnSgA-00014-00004046-00004361 behind united we battle for families
+suEBZqpnSgA-00015-00004362-00004654 facing homelessness united we confront
+suEBZqpnSgA-00016-00004655-00004874 the struggles of poor mental health no
+suEBZqpnSgA-00017-00004875-00005120 matter the obstacle no matter the odds
+suEBZqpnSgA-00018-00005121-00005281 we surround the communities most
+suEBZqpnSgA-00019-00005282-00005666 critical problems and we fight we fight
+suEBZqpnSgA-00020-00005667-00005884 for those who need a voice and those
+suEBZqpnSgA-00021-00005885-00006154 whose names we do not know the United
+suEBZqpnSgA-00022-00006155-00006361 Way of east central Iowa fights for the
+suEBZqpnSgA-00023-00006362-00006653 education financial stability and health
+suEBZqpnSgA-00024-00006654-00006950 of every person in our community because
+suEBZqpnSgA-00025-00006951-00007145 change doesn't happen alone because
+suEBZqpnSgA-00026-00007145-00007451 change doesn't happen alone hope isn't a
+suEBZqpnSgA-00027-00007452-00007667 one-man band and there's no such thing
+suEBZqpnSgA-00028-00007668-00007999 as self-taught or self-made we have one
+suEBZqpnSgA-00029-00008000-00008260 life to live better to live better we
+suEBZqpnSgA-00030-00008261-00008494 must we must we must live United
+suEBZqpnSgA-00031-00008495-00008864 volunteer volunteer advocate advocate
+suEBZqpnSgA-00032-00008865-00009209 give give make a difference make a
+suEBZqpnSgA-00033-00009210-00009411 difference make a difference
+suEBZqpnSgA-00034-00009412-00010657 [Music]
+suEBZqpnSgA-00035-00010658-00012276 [Music]
+suEBZqpnSgA-00036-00012277-00012482 you
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00000-00000391-00002082 you already know who it is
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00001-00002083-00002965 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00002-00002966-00004255 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00003-00004256-00004799 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00004-00004800-00005255 uh
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00005-00005256-00006118 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00006-00006119-00006592 oh
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00007-00006593-00008439 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00008-00008440-00008990 every time i turn around
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00009-00008991-00010569 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00010-00010570-00013096 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00011-00013097-00013351 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00012-00013352-00013511 what else could i possibly do to make
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00013-00013512-00013713 noise
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00014-00013713-00014769 [Music]
+svgbUZ1Dfu0-00015-00014769-00015141 [Music]
+svPcq3458WI-00000-00000050-00001166 [Music]
+svPcq3458WI-00001-00001167-00001503 hello world welcome to the gadget flow
+svPcq3458WI-00002-00001504-00001689 podcast this show is all about
+svPcq3458WI-00003-00001689-00001935 everything gadgets products and
+svPcq3458WI-00004-00001936-00002232 crowdfunding this week we have Nurik
+svPcq3458WI-00005-00002233-00002529 Vardanyan on the show and he is a total
+svPcq3458WI-00006-00002530-00002792 legend when it comes to crowdfunding his
+svPcq3458WI-00007-00002793-00002990 most recent campaign raised nearly two
+svPcq3458WI-00008-00002991-00003158 million dollars just to give you some
+svPcq3458WI-00009-00003159-00003411 context so this episode is really
+svPcq3458WI-00010-00003411-00003642 practical and he gives some amazing
+svPcq3458WI-00011-00003643-00003765 pointers when it comes to having a
+svPcq3458WI-00012-00003765-00004017 successful crowdfunding campaign so
+svPcq3458WI-00013-00004018-00004167 without further ado here is our
+svPcq3458WI-00014-00004168-00004501 interview with Nurik Vardanyan
+svPcq3458WI-00015-00004502-00005322 [Music]
+svPcq3458WI-00016-00005323-00005688 okay so I am here with Nurik norick how
+svPcq3458WI-00017-00005689-00006021 you doing man good good thanks for
+svPcq3458WI-00018-00006022-00006276 having me here absolutely we are so
+svPcq3458WI-00019-00006277-00006473 excited to have you on the gadget float
+svPcq3458WI-00020-00006475-00006773 podcast and you have quite the resume
+svPcq3458WI-00021-00006775-00007068 when it comes to crowdfunding and I
+svPcq3458WI-00022-00007069-00007248 would love if you would give our
+svPcq3458WI-00023-00007248-00007421 listeners just a brief overview of what
+svPcq3458WI-00024-00007422-00007695 it is you do a few of your your biggest
+svPcq3458WI-00025-00007695-00007845 projects a few of the things you're
+svPcq3458WI-00026-00007845-00008084 working on currently just to get to know
+svPcq3458WI-00027-00008086-00008412 get to know you a little bit yeah thank
+svPcq3458WI-00028-00008413-00008471 you Alex
+svPcq3458WI-00029-00008472-00008892 well I'm in crowd.mannequin two years I
+svPcq3458WI-00030-00008893-00009156 have crowdfunding training called the
+svPcq3458WI-00031-00009157-00009444 winners program I had more than 300
+svPcq3458WI-00032-00009445-00009792 participants in there and recently with
+svPcq3458WI-00033-00009793-00010092 with our agency the crowdfunding formula
+svPcq3458WI-00034-00010093-00010308 we started to support campaigns to
+svPcq3458WI-00035-00010309-00010545 succeed in the crowdfunding we have
+svPcq3458WI-00036-00010546-00010799 participated in I guess more than 50
+svPcq3458WI-00037-00010800-00011210 campaigns 50 successful campaigns and a
+svPcq3458WI-00038-00011211-00011510 couple of our last campaigns were of
+svPcq3458WI-00039-00011511-00011757 alterman were raised like close to 2
+svPcq3458WI-00040-00011758-00012102 million dollars we had the moon where we
+svPcq3458WI-00041-00012103-00012270 raised more than four hundred thousand
+svPcq3458WI-00042-00012271-00012649 dollars etc yes so basically we are like
+svPcq3458WI-00043-00012650-00012912 full-service crowdfunding agency where
+svPcq3458WI-00044-00012913-00013491 we provide crowdfunding support to all
+svPcq3458WI-00045-00013491-00013655 the all those people who have this very
+svPcq3458WI-00046-00013656-00014051 creative ideas awesome yeah I mean like
+svPcq3458WI-00047-00014052-00014297 looking through your portfolio of your
+svPcq3458WI-00048-00014299-00014337 work
+svPcq3458WI-00049-00014338-00014676 super super impressive so today I am
+svPcq3458WI-00050-00014677-00014877 going to take the opportunity to just
+svPcq3458WI-00051-00014878-00015162 ask you a few questions I've had for a
+svPcq3458WI-00052-00015163-00015380 long time about crowdfunding kind of
+svPcq3458WI-00053-00015381-00015663 really on the more practical side of how
+svPcq3458WI-00054-00015663-00015872 to how to be better at it's because it's
+svPcq3458WI-00055-00015874-00016019 such a you know it can be a really
+svPcq3458WI-00056-00016020-00016296 crowded space so I feel like you you've
+svPcq3458WI-00057-00016297-00016469 become an expert on how to really stand
+svPcq3458WI-00058-00016470-00016815 out in the crowd and so so the first
+svPcq3458WI-00059-00016816-00017001 question I wanted to ask you was what
+svPcq3458WI-00060-00017002-00017348 exactly can make a campaign stand out
+svPcq3458WI-00061-00017349-00017610 like just last year for example with the
+svPcq3458WI-00062-00017611-00017850 the vultureman wallets on indiegogo I
+svPcq3458WI-00063-00017851-00018078 mean you you reached 2 million dollars
+svPcq3458WI-00064-00018079-00018275 or nearly 2 million dollars and I'm just
+svPcq3458WI-00065-00018276-00018665 curious about how you made that wallet
+svPcq3458WI-00066-00018666-00018926 stand out from the crowd like what is it
+svPcq3458WI-00067-00018927-00019265 about that that made it stand out and
+svPcq3458WI-00068-00019266-00019412 how did you approach that campaign
+svPcq3458WI-00069-00019413-00019892 specifically right right well first of
+svPcq3458WI-00070-00019893-00020105 all first of all it all starts from the
+svPcq3458WI-00071-00020106-00020366 product so the product itself needs to
+svPcq3458WI-00072-00020367-00020609 be exceptional yeah when we're starting
+svPcq3458WI-00073-00020610-00020909 the Quatermain campaign like the first
+svPcq3458WI-00074-00020910-00021185 prototype or the first version of the of
+svPcq3458WI-00075-00021186-00021461 the wallet was only the wallet that has
+svPcq3458WI-00076-00021462-00021680 a power bank and bluetooth alarm system
+svPcq3458WI-00077-00021681-00021941 in it and with a quick research we we
+svPcq3458WI-00078-00021942-00022145 understood that with this functionality
+svPcq3458WI-00079-00022146-00022451 it will not be exceptional and we may
+svPcq3458WI-00080-00022452-00022742 not make this an exceptional campaign so
+svPcq3458WI-00081-00022743-00022934 what we did we started to work on the
+svPcq3458WI-00082-00022935-00023168 product itself we started to improve it
+svPcq3458WI-00083-00023169-00023468 we looked at the market and we try to
+svPcq3458WI-00084-00023469-00023723 analyze what function functionality like
+svPcq3458WI-00085-00023724-00024011 currently all people want and basically
+svPcq3458WI-00086-00024012-00024200 we added a couple of really cool
+svPcq3458WI-00087-00024201-00024458 features like a global GPS tracking a
+svPcq3458WI-00088-00024459-00024731 camera that photographs the thieves a
+svPcq3458WI-00089-00024732-00025085 Wi-Fi global Wi-Fi of hotspot etcetera
+svPcq3458WI-00090-00025086-00025331 etcetera so we made the product really
+svPcq3458WI-00091-00025332-00025571 really good one and we paid a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00092-00025572-00025852 attention on design and finally it was
+svPcq3458WI-00093-00025854-00026059 ready for the for the crowdfunding and
+svPcq3458WI-00094-00026060-00026276 when we had a really good product we
+svPcq3458WI-00095-00026277-00026435 understood that this is something that
+svPcq3458WI-00096-00026436-00026750 can can be like overcome everybody in
+svPcq3458WI-00097-00026751-00027061 the market and the other thing that that
+svPcq3458WI-00098-00027062-00027377 that is the most important thinking when
+svPcq3458WI-00099-00027377-00027524 we are speaking about crowdfunding is
+svPcq3458WI-00100-00027525-00027788 the preparation so most people fail in
+svPcq3458WI-00101-00027789-00028052 this stage and this is why the success
+svPcq3458WI-00102-00028052-00028292 rate is so low now in crowdfunding it's
+svPcq3458WI-00103-00028293-00028712 it's I guess less than 30% now so 70% of
+svPcq3458WI-00104-00028713-00028925 people who go to crowdfunding basically
+svPcq3458WI-00105-00028926-00029312 fail to raise the money he wants right
+svPcq3458WI-00106-00029313-00029527 and the main reason for that is
+svPcq3458WI-00107-00029529-00030002 preparation we put a really a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00108-00030002-00030208 time and resources from our preparation
+svPcq3458WI-00109-00030210-00030413 activities we have prepared more than
+svPcq3458WI-00110-00030414-00030686 four to five months I guess to the
+svPcq3458WI-00111-00030687-00031064 campaign and basically that was that was
+svPcq3458WI-00112-00031064-00031493 something that that drove us to success
+svPcq3458WI-00113-00031494-00031805 and we became the most funded wallet
+svPcq3458WI-00114-00031806-00031943 campaign ever in car
+svPcq3458WI-00115-00031944-00032276 funding industry yeah absolutely I mean
+svPcq3458WI-00116-00032277-00032417 I think that was actually my next
+svPcq3458WI-00117-00032418-00032771 question was I I feel like and I've been
+svPcq3458WI-00118-00032772-00033086 a part of a couple Krenim funding things
+svPcq3458WI-00119-00033087-00033248 in the past and I've had a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00120-00033249-00033596 friends go for it and I do I do feel
+svPcq3458WI-00121-00033597-00033914 like the the key is how you prepare just
+svPcq3458WI-00122-00033915-00034164 like you're saying and I've seen him do
+svPcq3458WI-00123-00034165-00034326 great and I've seen him bomb you know
+svPcq3458WI-00124-00034327-00034640 I've seen him fail - yeah and so maybe
+svPcq3458WI-00125-00034641-00034805 if you could give like you don't have to
+svPcq3458WI-00126-00034806-00035108 give a huge amount of information but
+svPcq3458WI-00127-00035109-00035420 even just a little tip on like what is
+svPcq3458WI-00128-00035421-00035661 preparing successfully to look like for
+svPcq3458WI-00129-00035662-00035861 someone like when yeah when when they're
+svPcq3458WI-00130-00035862-00036146 starting this campaign or when they're
+svPcq3458WI-00131-00036147-00036317 thinking about crowdfunding like what
+svPcq3458WI-00132-00036318-00036486 are a few ways that they could prepare
+svPcq3458WI-00133-00036487-00036801 well for you yeah yeah well I
+svPcq3458WI-00134-00036802-00037049 differentiate three main dimensions that
+svPcq3458WI-00135-00037050-00037257 one should pay attention in the
+svPcq3458WI-00136-00037258-00037511 preparation stage here so first of all
+svPcq3458WI-00137-00037512-00037763 that's the video then collecting
+svPcq3458WI-00138-00037764-00038255 subscribers and then the PR part we will
+svPcq3458WI-00139-00038256-00038448 address like each one separately intact
+svPcq3458WI-00140-00038449-00038699 try to give a couple of hints on how to
+svPcq3458WI-00141-00038700-00038933 win in each each of these dimensions
+svPcq3458WI-00142-00038934-00039152 well basically your video should be
+svPcq3458WI-00143-00039153-00039443 really cool like this is nothing new but
+svPcq3458WI-00144-00039444-00039692 but it really works if you have a viral
+svPcq3458WI-00145-00039693-00040055 video and people want to share it so we
+svPcq3458WI-00146-00040056-00040283 really paid a lot of attention on our
+svPcq3458WI-00147-00040284-00040692 video we we try to underline some
+svPcq3458WI-00148-00040693-00040967 messages which we were using a couple of
+svPcq3458WI-00149-00040968-00041186 times in the video to make it memorable
+svPcq3458WI-00150-00041187-00041599 we're trying to make the video a cool
+svPcq3458WI-00151-00041600-00041873 video that people really would like to
+svPcq3458WI-00152-00041874-00042186 share and we got overall more than I
+svPcq3458WI-00153-00042187-00042461 guess more than 200 million views on our
+svPcq3458WI-00154-00042462-00042644 video like overall where we are
+svPcq3458WI-00155-00042645-00042908 comparing all the Facebook pages that
+svPcq3458WI-00156-00042909-00043130 that shared our video so this is a
+svPcq3458WI-00157-00043131-00043436 really really really cool way yeah to
+svPcq3458WI-00158-00043437-00043658 draw to drive traffic to your campaign
+svPcq3458WI-00159-00043659-00043976 page and and in here if you have a
+svPcq3458WI-00160-00043977-00044223 really cool video you can approach to
+svPcq3458WI-00161-00044224-00044558 Facebook pages who have like a big
+svPcq3458WI-00162-00044559-00044981 number of likes and you can address them
+svPcq3458WI-00163-00044982-00045269 to share your video in their page here's
+svPcq3458WI-00164-00045270-00045381 a pro hint in hee
+svPcq3458WI-00165-00045382-00045723 on how to succeed you can you can pay a
+svPcq3458WI-00166-00045724-00045936 couple of pages to share your video and
+svPcq3458WI-00167-00045937-00046284 I guarantee you like a million view yeah
+svPcq3458WI-00168-00046285-00046470 there are this kind of pages that give
+svPcq3458WI-00169-00046471-00046671 you this kind of service and then what
+svPcq3458WI-00170-00046672-00046836 you should do you should just take this
+svPcq3458WI-00171-00046837-00047097 post and approach to other pages and say
+svPcq3458WI-00172-00047098-00047301 well you know I have this viral video
+svPcq3458WI-00173-00047302-00047586 which raised like million views in this
+svPcq3458WI-00174-00047587-00047766 page and you can share it too and and
+svPcq3458WI-00175-00047767-00048162 get get get this engagement etcetera
+svPcq3458WI-00176-00048163-00048351 etcetera sure and this really works yeah
+svPcq3458WI-00177-00048352-00048627 so what we did we have a like big team
+svPcq3458WI-00178-00048628-00048824 of four to five people who were
+svPcq3458WI-00179-00048825-00049056 bombarding all the Facebook pages with
+svPcq3458WI-00180-00049057-00049371 our video and as a result I think we got
+svPcq3458WI-00181-00049372-00049632 covered in most of the biggest Facebook
+svPcq3458WI-00182-00049633-00049929 pages out there so yeah this is this is
+svPcq3458WI-00183-00049930-00050193 about video that you did that need to be
+svPcq3458WI-00184-00050194-00050394 viral and you need to address the key
+svPcq3458WI-00185-00050395-00050697 messages very like carefully in the
+svPcq3458WI-00186-00050698-00050973 video and then and then the other aspect
+svPcq3458WI-00187-00050974-00051308 is subscribers so basically subscribers
+svPcq3458WI-00188-00051309-00051546 is one of the most important elements or
+svPcq3458WI-00189-00051547-00051804 factors that drive success to the
+svPcq3458WI-00190-00051804-00052079 crowdfunding campaigns and what
+svPcq3458WI-00191-00052080-00052302 typically successful campaigns are doing
+svPcq3458WI-00192-00052303-00052551 and and we also did that is that we
+svPcq3458WI-00193-00052552-00052788 create a landing page and start to
+svPcq3458WI-00194-00052789-00053004 collect subscribers start to drive
+svPcq3458WI-00195-00053004-00053223 traffic via Facebook to this landing
+svPcq3458WI-00196-00053224-00053429 page and try to collect as much
+svPcq3458WI-00197-00053430-00053717 subscribers as we can return so in here
+svPcq3458WI-00198-00053719-00053985 in here to extend the number of
+svPcq3458WI-00199-00053986-00054147 subscribers and make it more effective
+svPcq3458WI-00200-00054148-00054519 you should use a referral programs which
+svPcq3458WI-00201-00054520-00055035 will which will help or which will help
+svPcq3458WI-00202-00055036-00055311 the existing subscriber base to bring
+svPcq3458WI-00203-00055312-00055476 additional subscribers to your to your
+svPcq3458WI-00204-00055477-00055821 campaign like we're using to referral
+svPcq3458WI-00205-00055822-00056175 tools on our landing page okay one is
+svPcq3458WI-00206-00056176-00056391 called up viral so basically when a
+svPcq3458WI-00207-00056391-00056571 person is subscribed a pop-up appears
+svPcq3458WI-00208-00056572-00056838 which says if you bring five more of
+svPcq3458WI-00209-00056839-00057041 your friends you will participate in a
+svPcq3458WI-00210-00057042-00057462 free giveaway yeah 20 yeah so and 20
+svPcq3458WI-00211-00057463-00057729 percent of our subscribers really did
+svPcq3458WI-00212-00057729-00057938 like they invited their friends and
+svPcq3458WI-00213-00057939-00058179 basically with this way we almost
+svPcq3458WI-00214-00058179-00058448 doubled our subscriber base Wow
+svPcq3458WI-00215-00058449-00058712 and then and then prior to launch when
+svPcq3458WI-00216-00058713-00059003 we already had more than 20,000
+svPcq3458WI-00217-00059004-00059273 subscribers in our list what we did we
+svPcq3458WI-00218-00059274-00059522 sent this tool that I really love
+svPcq3458WI-00219-00059523-00059909 it's called Q yes oh yes I've heard of
+svPcq3458WI-00220-00059910-00060167 this yeah yeah this is a great tool
+svPcq3458WI-00221-00060168-00060395 which makes all this referral contests
+svPcq3458WI-00222-00060396-00060614 like very interactive and I really like
+svPcq3458WI-00223-00060615-00060911 recommend to use that so we sent out an
+svPcq3458WI-00224-00060912-00061136 email to our list which this so
+svPcq3458WI-00225-00061137-00061286 basically you can compete with each
+svPcq3458WI-00226-00061287-00061541 others with each other bring more people
+svPcq3458WI-00227-00061542-00061865 to - to this content page and the winner
+svPcq3458WI-00228-00061866-00062105 will get like a free wallet and the
+svPcq3458WI-00229-00062106-00062339 first five places we get I don't know
+svPcq3458WI-00230-00062340-00062654 free wireless charger etcetera etcetera
+svPcq3458WI-00231-00062655-00062873 so basically this was one of the
+svPcq3458WI-00232-00062874-00063215 incentives also - to increase our
+svPcq3458WI-00233-00063216-00063494 subscriber list another another Pro hint
+svPcq3458WI-00234-00063495-00063761 I can give in here is that you know the
+svPcq3458WI-00235-00063762-00064165 most accessible reward in our case was
+svPcq3458WI-00236-00064166-00064442 was engraving like engraving to the
+svPcq3458WI-00237-00064443-00064652 wallet right so basically basically
+svPcq3458WI-00238-00064653-00064876 where people were winning this engraving
+svPcq3458WI-00239-00064877-00065303 engraving itself like it's not it does
+svPcq3458WI-00240-00065304-00065540 not value in there yeah so basically you
+svPcq3458WI-00241-00065541-00065741 should buy a wallet or baker a big
+svPcq3458WI-00242-00065742-00066074 project in order to get your reward so
+svPcq3458WI-00243-00066075-00066329 this is this is a kind of mechanism to
+svPcq3458WI-00244-00066330-00066596 incentivize you all your winners to
+svPcq3458WI-00245-00066597-00066797 become your bakers so you can give them
+svPcq3458WI-00246-00066798-00067221 a reward which is not which doesn't have
+svPcq3458WI-00247-00067222-00067442 any value without your core product so
+svPcq3458WI-00248-00067443-00067625 that they come they come and bake your
+svPcq3458WI-00249-00067626-00067988 project yep so this is this is what we
+svPcq3458WI-00250-00067989-00068162 did with the subscribers and we got
+svPcq3458WI-00251-00068163-00068486 really big number of subscribers prior
+svPcq3458WI-00252-00068487-00068840 our launch and then another thing is the
+svPcq3458WI-00253-00068841-00069188 PR we paid really good attention on on
+svPcq3458WI-00254-00069189-00069526 PR we started collecting emails of
+svPcq3458WI-00255-00069527-00069824 journalists who wrote previously about
+svPcq3458WI-00256-00069825-00070238 bullets and we were using some tools to
+svPcq3458WI-00257-00070239-00070664 get the emails of journalists and had a
+svPcq3458WI-00258-00070665-00070985 really big list prior our launch so we
+svPcq3458WI-00259-00070986-00071342 had like more than 5,000 I guess emails
+svPcq3458WI-00260-00071343-00071597 or two lists who wrote an article about
+svPcq3458WI-00261-00071598-00071787 like smart wallets roll
+svPcq3458WI-00262-00071788-00071964 etcetera etcetera so basically they were
+svPcq3458WI-00263-00071965-00072309 targeted contact and when we started our
+svPcq3458WI-00264-00072310-00072558 campaign and with the subscribers we
+svPcq3458WI-00265-00072559-00073002 raised really we raised all our goal at
+svPcq3458WI-00266-00073003-00073269 at that time like $45,000 we raised in
+svPcq3458WI-00267-00073270-00073590 one day and then we started to approach
+svPcq3458WI-00268-00073591-00073830 all this all these PR contacts because
+svPcq3458WI-00269-00073831-00074049 we already had the credibility of a good
+svPcq3458WI-00270-00074050-00074391 campaign and we started to approach like
+svPcq3458WI-00271-00074392-00074688 almost one by one without spamming to
+svPcq3458WI-00272-00074689-00074871 other journalists and trying to pitch
+svPcq3458WI-00273-00074872-00075051 them to convince them to write about us
+svPcq3458WI-00274-00075052-00075480 and yet again work and we got covered in
+svPcq3458WI-00275-00075481-00075774 many big big media and medium and I
+svPcq3458WI-00276-00075775-00076053 think more than 1,000 media coverage Wow
+svPcq3458WI-00277-00076054-00076377 yeah this is like kind of brief snapshot
+svPcq3458WI-00278-00076378-00076686 of how it looks like the preparation to
+svPcq3458WI-00279-00076687-00076911 the campaign no man I mean that that
+svPcq3458WI-00280-00076912-00077115 information is so that's like gold
+svPcq3458WI-00281-00077116-00077454 that's so valuable not so helpful yeah
+svPcq3458WI-00282-00077455-00077709 and I mean one thing - and the next
+svPcq3458WI-00283-00077710-00077991 question I have for you is kind of like
+svPcq3458WI-00284-00077992-00078138 the biggest thing I've seen when it
+svPcq3458WI-00285-00078139-00078411 comes to crowdfunding and a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00286-00078412-00078588 issues I've seen with it it's like I
+svPcq3458WI-00287-00078589-00078795 think that everyone gets a really strong
+svPcq3458WI-00288-00078796-00079011 start and they have a really strong
+svPcq3458WI-00289-00079012-00079317 ending but I was curious if you had any
+svPcq3458WI-00290-00079318-00079716 tips for for us on like how to make that
+svPcq3458WI-00291-00079717-00079989 middle section like how to keep momentum
+svPcq3458WI-00292-00079990-00080190 throughout the middle of your campaign
+svPcq3458WI-00293-00080191-00080378 as well as the beginning and end of it
+svPcq3458WI-00294-00080379-00080637 all right right yeah yeah you are
+svPcq3458WI-00295-00080638-00080847 absolutely right that's a biggest issue
+svPcq3458WI-00296-00080848-00081084 for most of the campaigns and they they
+svPcq3458WI-00297-00081085-00081384 have this big start and big ending but
+svPcq3458WI-00298-00081385-00081546 in the middle they just absolutely don't
+svPcq3458WI-00299-00081547-00081882 know what to do right so so so here's
+svPcq3458WI-00300-00081883-00082137 here's the secret basically the game
+svPcq3458WI-00301-00082138-00082311 comes from the preparation if you have a
+svPcq3458WI-00302-00082312-00082551 big list of journalists like as I said
+svPcq3458WI-00303-00082552-00082884 more than one more than 5,000 it will
+svPcq3458WI-00304-00082885-00083084 take some times to preach to everybody
+svPcq3458WI-00305-00083085-00083496 so pitching to all these journalists not
+svPcq3458WI-00306-00083497-00083730 only the top ones a lot of people do
+svPcq3458WI-00307-00083731-00083934 this mistakes when they're when they
+svPcq3458WI-00308-00083935-00084135 target to all the journalists from like
+svPcq3458WI-00309-00084136-00084378 TechCrunch from measurable from CNET et
+svPcq3458WI-00310-00084379-00084654 cetera et cetera but they don't take
+svPcq3458WI-00311-00084655-00084801 into account that there are a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00312-00084802-00085163 websites which maybe nobody
+svPcq3458WI-00313-00085164-00085341 heard about them but they will give you
+svPcq3458WI-00314-00085342-00085574 like a lot of convertible traffic right
+svPcq3458WI-00315-00085575-00085815 so you need to you need to secure
+svPcq3458WI-00316-00085816-00086022 yourself also with these middle and
+svPcq3458WI-00317-00086023-00086393 small websites to keep the momentum no
+svPcq3458WI-00318-00086394-00086616 basically we started to pitch actively
+svPcq3458WI-00319-00086617-00086843 all the websites like both medium and
+svPcq3458WI-00320-00086844-00087356 small ones as well we we actively use
+svPcq3458WI-00321-00087357-00087621 these Facebook pages trick as I told you
+svPcq3458WI-00322-00087622-00087860 like we started to pitch them with our
+svPcq3458WI-00323-00087861-00088041 video and started to get traffic from
+svPcq3458WI-00324-00088042-00088274 France from biggest Facebook pages out
+svPcq3458WI-00325-00088275-00088682 there which actively shared our video we
+svPcq3458WI-00326-00088683-00089085 we started to deep and and approach to
+svPcq3458WI-00327-00089086-00089310 website which bring convertible
+svPcq3458WI-00328-00089311-00089567 traffic's and and here's where we we got
+svPcq3458WI-00329-00089568-00089790 the gadget flow as well like we got a
+svPcq3458WI-00330-00089791-00090104 really really big and good traffic from
+svPcq3458WI-00331-00090105-00090290 from the gadget so I think we raised
+svPcq3458WI-00332-00090291-00090546 more than eleven thousand dollars only
+svPcq3458WI-00333-00090547-00090857 only from graduate flow this was one of
+svPcq3458WI-00334-00090858-00091100 the best websites I would say that that
+svPcq3458WI-00335-00091101-00091341 provided very comfortable and relevant
+svPcq3458WI-00336-00091342-00091578 traffic to our page that's awesome and
+svPcq3458WI-00337-00091579-00091829 yeah and and this is this is basically
+svPcq3458WI-00338-00091830-00092154 the secret like you should work the
+svPcq3458WI-00339-00092155-00092486 whole time like as they say in football
+svPcq3458WI-00340-00092487-00092825 the game is ninety minute not not less
+svPcq3458WI-00341-00092826-00093194 so you should you should work out on it
+svPcq3458WI-00342-00093195-00093593 fully and start to pitch everybody which
+svPcq3458WI-00343-00093594-00093978 which you think is can have a relevant
+svPcq3458WI-00344-00093979-00094319 audience for your campaign so things
+svPcq3458WI-00345-00094320-00094503 things get a lot easier if you are
+svPcq3458WI-00346-00094504-00094694 well-prepared so you have a big list big
+svPcq3458WI-00347-00094695-00094967 number of websites which will be enough
+svPcq3458WI-00348-00094968-00095373 for 30 days or something to pitch and
+svPcq3458WI-00349-00095374-00095657 they keep you they they help you to keep
+svPcq3458WI-00350-00095658-00095946 the momentum yeah I think that is that's
+svPcq3458WI-00351-00095947-00096218 spot on like in my thinking like yeah if
+svPcq3458WI-00352-00096219-00096360 you prepare well and if you have this
+svPcq3458WI-00353-00096361-00096684 huge list of potential people to promote
+svPcq3458WI-00354-00096685-00096972 your your crowdfunding campaign and if
+svPcq3458WI-00355-00096973-00097181 you kind of like spread it out over the
+svPcq3458WI-00356-00097182-00097337 month and maybe you know you put a
+svPcq3458WI-00357-00097338-00097485 little bit more behind the arrow at the
+svPcq3458WI-00358-00097486-00097625 beginning and end of the month I think
+svPcq3458WI-00359-00097626-00097860 that's natural for a launch but if you
+svPcq3458WI-00360-00097861-00098024 kind of have it prepared to where
+svPcq3458WI-00361-00098025-00098196 throughout the month you're you're
+svPcq3458WI-00362-00098197-00098453 you're really you know it's giving that
+svPcq3458WI-00363-00098454-00098519 out too
+svPcq3458WI-00364-00098520-00098693 different people to promote that'll keep
+svPcq3458WI-00365-00098694-00098879 her momentum high which is really really
+svPcq3458WI-00366-00098880-00099320 really smart so so my next question is
+svPcq3458WI-00367-00099321-00099611 okay see you've had a super successful
+svPcq3458WI-00368-00099612-00099866 campaign everything's gone to plan you
+svPcq3458WI-00369-00099867-00100109 you you know you've gone way over and
+svPcq3458WI-00370-00100110-00100322 above and something I've seen time and
+svPcq3458WI-00371-00100323-00100616 time again is campaigns almost becoming
+svPcq3458WI-00372-00100617-00100931 completely dismantled after it's all
+svPcq3458WI-00373-00100932-00101225 over because they didn't prepare well
+svPcq3458WI-00374-00101226-00101633 with their incentives I've seen like so
+svPcq3458WI-00375-00101634-00101834 many people lose money on their
+svPcq3458WI-00376-00101835-00102011 Kickstarter and so many things like that
+svPcq3458WI-00377-00102012-00102227 or their indiegogo x' whatever because
+svPcq3458WI-00378-00102228-00102527 their incentives are are not well
+svPcq3458WI-00379-00102528-00102701 thought through so do you have any tips
+svPcq3458WI-00380-00102702-00103049 on how to you know and be create
+svPcq3458WI-00381-00103050-00103381 incentives that are not just a amazing
+svPcq3458WI-00382-00103382-00103574 value for your customer but also won't
+svPcq3458WI-00383-00103575-00103810 you know break you down on the back end
+svPcq3458WI-00384-00103811-00104010 of your campaign like is there a way to
+svPcq3458WI-00385-00104011-00104291 really make that that is like make smart
+svPcq3458WI-00386-00104292-00104581 decisions in your incentives beforehand
+svPcq3458WI-00387-00104582-00104888 you mean incentives for the bakers for
+svPcq3458WI-00388-00104889-00105286 the potential bakers yeah yeah yeah
+svPcq3458WI-00389-00105288-00105503 there's that the key is communication
+svPcq3458WI-00390-00105504-00105743 you know is the communication with your
+svPcq3458WI-00391-00105744-00106094 bakers we and we used that really well
+svPcq3458WI-00392-00106095-00106285 when we started we started to
+svPcq3458WI-00393-00106286-00106483 communicate with our bakers I started to
+svPcq3458WI-00394-00106484-00106724 get feedback and we got a lot of great
+svPcq3458WI-00395-00106725-00106967 ideas from the Baker's themselves so
+svPcq3458WI-00396-00106968-00107198 basically we even changed our strategy
+svPcq3458WI-00397-00107199-00107393 that we were using we haven't changed
+svPcq3458WI-00398-00107394-00107618 our product during the campaign to make
+svPcq3458WI-00399-00107619-00107921 it as customizable as possible to the
+svPcq3458WI-00400-00107922-00108176 needs of Baker's yeah so this is really
+svPcq3458WI-00401-00108177-00108413 key and we came up with the final
+svPcq3458WI-00402-00108414-00108586 product that really everybody wanted
+svPcq3458WI-00403-00108588-00108905 like with their color color side with
+svPcq3458WI-00404-00108906-00109097 their functionality etcetera etcetera so
+svPcq3458WI-00405-00109098-00109298 what we're doing we're just sending a
+svPcq3458WI-00406-00109299-00109534 survey to the Baker's and saying what
+svPcq3458WI-00407-00109535-00109730 would you like to see in our in our
+svPcq3458WI-00408-00109731-00110228 campaign and and we got so many great
+svPcq3458WI-00409-00110229-00110507 ideas that we even like pivoted from our
+svPcq3458WI-00410-00110508-00110747 ones that we had before and shifted to
+svPcq3458WI-00411-00110748-00110897 the ones that we got from Baker's
+svPcq3458WI-00412-00110898-00111109 because they were like coming from the
+svPcq3458WI-00413-00111110-00111379 right audience audience itself for me
+svPcq3458WI-00414-00111380-00111791 yeah and and this way we create
+svPcq3458WI-00415-00111792-00111996 a really good product and something that
+svPcq3458WI-00416-00111997-00112427 people really want it so yeah and and
+svPcq3458WI-00417-00112428-00112610 basically it was there so the keys
+svPcq3458WI-00418-00112611-00112833 communication is is understanding your
+svPcq3458WI-00419-00112833-00113135 your target audience what it wants and
+svPcq3458WI-00420-00113136-00113331 if you really understand like what
+svPcq3458WI-00421-00113332-00113547 basically your customer wants your
+svPcq3458WI-00422-00113548-00113856 bakers want you can create incentives
+svPcq3458WI-00423-00113857-00114103 you can create product that is really
+svPcq3458WI-00424-00114104-00114377 demanded well and really people want
+svPcq3458WI-00425-00114378-00114665 right so in I mean that's right this
+svPcq3458WI-00426-00114666-00114812 might be a silly question but when you
+svPcq3458WI-00427-00114813-00115004 when you start you know taking surveys
+svPcq3458WI-00428-00115005-00115316 and things like that like how do you how
+svPcq3458WI-00429-00115317-00115569 do you then like adjust your you know
+svPcq3458WI-00430-00115570-00115739 like the original video the landing page
+svPcq3458WI-00431-00115740-00115910 video and all that stuff like you know
+svPcq3458WI-00432-00115911-00116169 you don't do are those shifts that
+svPcq3458WI-00433-00116170-00116327 you're changing are they more to those
+svPcq3458WI-00434-00116328-00116516 like incentives to backers is that what
+svPcq3458WI-00435-00116517-00116852 you're saying yeah yeah so what we did
+svPcq3458WI-00436-00116853-00117093 is that we didn't change our original
+svPcq3458WI-00437-00117094-00117341 video but we introduced another videos
+svPcq3458WI-00438-00117342-00117611 like on the page okay introduced another
+svPcq3458WI-00439-00117612-00117846 videos like we try to keep the
+svPcq3458WI-00440-00117847-00118214 communication as much as possible and we
+svPcq3458WI-00441-00118215-00118460 we openly said that you know we like
+svPcq3458WI-00442-00118461-00118727 like for example we were first we're
+svPcq3458WI-00443-00118728-00118916 thinking that this wallet should be only
+svPcq3458WI-00444-00118917-00119213 brown but based on your feedbacks we
+svPcq3458WI-00445-00119214-00119433 decided to provide also the black option
+svPcq3458WI-00446-00119433-00119706 and we see that people really want that
+svPcq3458WI-00447-00119707-00119948 and better they become excited that we
+svPcq3458WI-00448-00119949-00120183 also took this decision based on their
+svPcq3458WI-00449-00120183-00120507 feedback right and yeah so this is this
+svPcq3458WI-00450-00120508-00120681 is really good to keep the communication
+svPcq3458WI-00451-00120682-00120981 with your peckers and not address them
+svPcq3458WI-00452-00120982-00121269 as customers but address them as a team
+svPcq3458WI-00453-00121270-00121439 members so basically you are one big
+svPcq3458WI-00454-00121440-00121715 team and we are bringing a really good
+svPcq3458WI-00455-00121716-00122031 innovation to life so and when they feel
+svPcq3458WI-00456-00122032-00122204 that that you are like communicating
+svPcq3458WI-00457-00122205-00122411 with them not as a customer but as a
+svPcq3458WI-00458-00122412-00122648 team member they become much more
+svPcq3458WI-00459-00122649-00122883 engaged in your campaign they share it
+svPcq3458WI-00460-00122883-00123195 openly they invite their friends and
+svPcq3458WI-00461-00123196-00123447 imagine you suddenly like have a team of
+svPcq3458WI-00462-00123448-00123803 more than 1000 people so that they all
+svPcq3458WI-00463-00123804-00124025 are interested to helping you out to
+svPcq3458WI-00464-00124026-00124214 bring you good ideas to share your
+svPcq3458WI-00465-00124215-00124541 campaigns and you are getting this
+svPcq3458WI-00466-00124542-00124731 snowball effect yeah yeah
+svPcq3458WI-00467-00124732-00125070 Wow that that's such a crazy good
+svPcq3458WI-00468-00125071-00125189 perspective change
+svPcq3458WI-00469-00125190-00125339 on the whole the whole thing you know
+svPcq3458WI-00470-00125340-00125531 thinking of them less is this is your
+svPcq3458WI-00471-00125532-00125705 customer and more is your teammate I
+svPcq3458WI-00472-00125706-00126098 think that is genius um so I have one
+svPcq3458WI-00473-00126099-00126380 one final question for you um if you
+svPcq3458WI-00474-00126381-00126518 could give one piece of advice
+svPcq3458WI-00475-00126519-00126665 she's someone starting their first
+svPcq3458WI-00476-00126666-00126929 crowdfunding campaign never done it
+svPcq3458WI-00477-00126930-00127052 before
+svPcq3458WI-00478-00127053-00127493 what would you say yeah I would have
+svPcq3458WI-00479-00127494-00127877 many advices but the key the key is to
+svPcq3458WI-00480-00127878-00128123 start from the product I think who do
+svPcq3458WI-00481-00128124-00128396 research a good research on the product
+svPcq3458WI-00482-00128397-00128626 itself because there are products which
+svPcq3458WI-00483-00128627-00128891 which don't do well on crowdfunding and
+svPcq3458WI-00484-00128892-00129247 despite of your marketing skills it just
+svPcq3458WI-00485-00129248-00129494 people just don't want it yeah this is
+svPcq3458WI-00486-00129495-00129693 something that people don't want it so I
+svPcq3458WI-00487-00129694-00130013 advise you advise people who start to go
+svPcq3458WI-00488-00130014-00130199 to craft crowdfunding to first pay
+svPcq3458WI-00489-00130200-00130394 attention on their product on the
+svPcq3458WI-00490-00130395-00130598 functionality on the design on the
+svPcq3458WI-00491-00130599-00130883 competition aspects making sure that
+svPcq3458WI-00492-00130884-00131126 there is an audience in in Kickstarter
+svPcq3458WI-00493-00131127-00131360 on or or an IndieGoGo for their product
+svPcq3458WI-00494-00131361-00131546 they can see similar campaigns and
+svPcq3458WI-00495-00131547-00131795 basically get an idea about it and then
+svPcq3458WI-00496-00131796-00131981 after that after they feel that their
+svPcq3458WI-00497-00131982-00132329 product is is really demand about and
+svPcq3458WI-00498-00132330-00132500 there's really no audience for their
+svPcq3458WI-00499-00132501-00132662 product the next thing is the
+svPcq3458WI-00500-00132663-00132890 preparation so they need to prepare they
+svPcq3458WI-00501-00132891-00133076 need to start collecting subscribers and
+svPcq3458WI-00502-00133077-00133286 basically it will take some times for
+svPcq3458WI-00503-00133287-00133652 them to get ready for the campaign it is
+svPcq3458WI-00504-00133653-00133943 hard but but the good thing is that it's
+svPcq3458WI-00505-00133944-00134418 doable so yeah if if you if you take
+svPcq3458WI-00506-00134419-00134684 into account everything it's very much
+svPcq3458WI-00507-00134685-00134868 possible and this is a great place to be
+svPcq3458WI-00508-00134869-00135323 yes absolutely well so where should
+svPcq3458WI-00509-00135324-00135455 where should people find you I think
+svPcq3458WI-00510-00135456-00135731 you're you're the guy who who's kind of
+svPcq3458WI-00511-00135732-00135968 leading a leader in this space so so
+svPcq3458WI-00512-00135969-00136103 where would you want people to come
+svPcq3458WI-00513-00136104-00136427 check out your stuff I have my website
+svPcq3458WI-00514-00136428-00136726 blog and where I also share some tips
+svPcq3458WI-00515-00136727-00136975 and advice in the crowdfunding
+svPcq3458WI-00516-00136976-00137111 formula.com
+svPcq3458WI-00517-00137112-00137480 okay yeah basically people can find a
+svPcq3458WI-00518-00137481-00137756 lot of a lot of articles and a lot of
+svPcq3458WI-00519-00137757-00137933 advice in there which will help them
+svPcq3458WI-00520-00137934-00138158 also to prepare well and they can
+svPcq3458WI-00521-00138159-00138457 contact me if any question also
+svPcq3458WI-00522-00138458-00138757 well thank you so much for your time man
+svPcq3458WI-00523-00138758-00138949 I mean this I know the interview is
+svPcq3458WI-00524-00138950-00139159 short but I think it's packed full of
+svPcq3458WI-00525-00139160-00139357 valuable information and packed full of
+svPcq3458WI-00526-00139358-00139615 gold that I'm excited to implement for
+svPcq3458WI-00527-00139616-00139843 my next campaign so I really appreciate
+svPcq3458WI-00528-00139844-00139917 your time
+svPcq3458WI-00529-00139918-00140179 yeah thanks Alex thanks again for having
+svPcq3458WI-00530-00140180-00140562 me pose pleasure absolutely
+svPcq3458WI-00531-00140563-00140788 that was our interview with narc
+svPcq3458WI-00532-00140789-00141118 Vardanyan man he is full of incredible
+svPcq3458WI-00533-00141119-00141331 knowledge in the crowdfunding space so
+svPcq3458WI-00534-00141332-00141493 we have made sure to provide all the
+svPcq3458WI-00535-00141494-00141661 links to his stuff in the show notes so
+svPcq3458WI-00536-00141662-00141898 make sure to go follow him and his work
+svPcq3458WI-00537-00141899-00142192 today this podcast is made by gadget
+svPcq3458WI-00538-00142193-00142387 close and we are proud to be the number
+svPcq3458WI-00539-00142388-00142609 one platform to find new and awesome
+svPcq3458WI-00540-00142610-00142858 gadgets so make sure to keep an eye on
+svPcq3458WI-00541-00142859-00143074 our site for all the new products were
+svPcq3458WI-00542-00143075-00143359 curating every single day we'll be back
+svPcq3458WI-00543-00143360-00143578 next week with another episode so in the
+svPcq3458WI-00544-00143579-00143770 meantime please go rate and review our
+svPcq3458WI-00545-00143771-00144058 show on iTunes again thank you so much
+svPcq3458WI-00546-00144059-00144266 for listening to the gadget flow podcast
+svPcq3458WI-00547-00144267-00144361 [Music]
+svPcq3458WI-00548-00144362-00145756 [Applause]
+svPcq3458WI-00549-00145757-00146911 [Music]
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00000-00021054-00021443 can you hear me is that better okay uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00001-00021444-00021814 good afternoon and welcome uh to the end
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00002-00021815-00022114 of another long day but hopefully we're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00003-00022115-00022336 gonna make this a really great
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00004-00022337-00022613 conversation uh to be really interactive
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00005-00022614-00022913 we're going to have more of trying to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00006-00022914-00023099 think together rather than people just
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00007-00023100-00023483 speaking at you and and hopefully you're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00008-00023484-00023627 in the right room we're here to talk
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00009-00023628-00023921 about growing a new culture of tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00010-00023922-00024214 diplomats I'm Melanie Garson I'm the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00011-00024215-00024455 Cyber policy lead and acting director at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00012-00024456-00024664 the Tony Blair Institute for Global
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00013-00024665-00024964 change for those who don't know Blair
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00014-00024965-00025385 interview we work in uh nearly 30
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00015-00025386-00025708 countries globally working to support
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00016-00025710-00025955 Leaders with practical policies
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00017-00025956-00026044 Solutions
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00018-00026045-00026273 and to some of the world's biggest
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00019-00026274-00026561 challenges including I think related to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00020-00026562-00026812 the internet we also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00021-00026813-00027112 um co-hosting this panel with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00022-00027113-00027239 um seps
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00023-00027241-00027274 [Music]
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00024-00027275-00027461 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00025-00027462-00027552 which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00026-00027554-00027845 words I didn't like that someone uh that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00027-00027845-00028067 didn't uh there was a Savage in 1983 as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00028-00028068-00028361 a leading Think Tank and for um for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00029-00028362-00028631 debate on EU Affairs based in Brussels
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00030-00028632-00029040 and I have a Rosanna Fanny here who is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00031-00029041-00029357 specializes in AI governance and the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00032-00029358-00029867 impact on IR as part of this panel so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00033-00029868-00030274 today uh we're really trying to bring
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00034-00030275-00030581 together some thinking about
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00035-00030582-00030911 um last year we at TBR we launched
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00036-00030912-00031085 um a Leader's guide to Tech forward
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00037-00031086-00031277 foreign policy and really springy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00038-00031277-00031487 boarding off a report that we wrote
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00039-00031488-00031762 about the open internet being on the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00040-00031763-00032017 brink and really showing this clear need
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00041-00032018-00032314 for countries to be able to have a glip
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00042-00032316-00032633 a picture of the whole ecosystem of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00043-00032633-00032896 global challenges to be able to solve
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00044-00032897-00033371 them and as was said this morning the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00045-00033372-00033562 internet that we see before us is not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00046-00033563-00033767 actually you know quite the internet
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00047-00033768-00033983 that the founders really imagined and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00048-00033984-00034229 it's sort of become with so many moving
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00049-00034230-00034595 parts that within foreign policy it's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00050-00034596-00034865 been very challenging for countries to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00051-00034866-00035117 find the right way to be able to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00052-00035118-00035340 interact holistically across those
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00053-00035341-00035681 moving parts and what we're seeing is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00054-00035682-00036052 the increased need for well that Tech is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00055-00036053-00036293 affecting everything from security and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00056-00036294-00036562 defense to humanitarian delivery but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00057-00036563-00036799 that it's not necessarily being unified
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00058-00036800-00037211 from foreign policy capacities so we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00059-00037212-00037468 call for this uh need for countries to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00060-00037469-00037702 embed Tech into their foreign policy for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00061-00037703-00037912 greater anticipatory awareness for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00062-00037913-00038159 coordinated policy Visions for strategic
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00063-00038160-00038423 and clear strategic Vision
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00064-00038424-00038579 um this month Diplo brought out great
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00065-00038580-00038879 report reviewing the situation on Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00066-00038880-00039205 diplomacy in Africa in particular and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00067-00039206-00039568 looking at still how less than half the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00068-00039569-00039899 countries in Africa really bring up
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00069-00039900-00040249 digital issues onto the UN Agenda
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00070-00040250-00040612 so it's they're increasingly becoming
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00071-00040613-00040990 torn between EU US versus China visions
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00072-00040991-00041224 of where to sit on the proposals of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00073-00041225-00041446 governance of the internet and so what
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00074-00041447-00041699 we wanted to do with this session was
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00075-00041700-00042040 bring together some thinking on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00076-00042041-00042401 where what is the impact of having a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00077-00042402-00042739 tech Diplomat for different uh countries
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00078-00042740-00043001 and really and then come together and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00079-00043002-00043133 think about what would be the best
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00080-00043134-00043637 practice or ideas or lessons to overcome
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00081-00043638-00043918 the obstacles so that we can build a new
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00082-00043919-00044105 card yet I've checked diplomats to have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00083-00044106-00044321 their voice on the stage so to do this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00084-00044322-00044621 we put together Professor Andre shrimp
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00085-00044622-00045040 who was malta's first Diplomat Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00086-00045041-00045245 diplomats or appointed or didn't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00087-00045246-00045502 Diplomat Ambassador for digital Affairs
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00088-00045503-00045923 formally appointed in 2020 we also have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00089-00045924-00046290 a cenizo from the Tony Blair Institute
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00090-00046291-00046589 who has LED digital transformation work
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00091-00046590-00046943 dreams both here in Ethiopia and has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00092-00046944-00047105 been engaged in working across
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00093-00047106-00047371 sub-Saharan African digital issues since
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00094-00047372-00047752 2007. we were supposed to be joined by
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00095-00047753-00047980 Andrea render who was going to give us
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00096-00047981-00048383 the Latin American Viewpoint and the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00097-00048384-00048749 heat but we also have a dow de low also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00098-00048750-00048989 from the head of Tech for TBI in Senegal
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00099-00048990-00049165 with the background in Tech development
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00100-00049166-00049511 and really working with a governmental
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00101-00049512-00050002 Ministries uh in Senegal across thinking
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00102-00050003-00050171 about this issue about where Tech should
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00103-00050172-00050357 sit with foreign policy and most of all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00104-00050358-00050524 we have everyone here in the room so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00105-00050525-00050952 anyone here with tech Diplomat as well
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00106-00050953-00051316 that's my excellent oh anyone part of a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00107-00051317-00051508 tech diplomatic capacity
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00108-00051509-00051707 and you want to engage your Tech clip
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00109-00051708-00051826 mats
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00110-00051827-00052030 excellent so we're going to want all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00111-00052032-00052444 your viewpoints as well so uh without
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00112-00052445-00052769 any further Ado I'm going to turn over
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00113-00052770-00053369 to Andre and Andre you there
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00114-00053370-00053761 oh actually we have a slide from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00115-00053762-00054041 Rosano as well so if you just sort of if
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00116-00054041-00054203 you have a minute before we go to you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00117-00054204-00054532 Andre to just go to slider.com and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00118-00054533-00054832 answer the very first question that she
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00119-00054833-00055199 has there
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00120-00055200-00055366 and you can also put any of your
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00121-00055367-00056507 questions that you have on slido
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00122-00056508-00057100 it's not working
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00123-00057101-00059057 yep
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00124-00059058-00059663 no
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00125-00059664-00059929 no but that is an interesting question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00126-00059929-00060197 we were just debating that at lunch in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00127-00060198-00060382 fact quickly about what about medicine
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00128-00060383-00060575 we'll come back to that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00129-00060576-00060815 um okay so without further Ado
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00130-00060816-00061054 um I'd like to turn over to Andrea and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00131-00061055-00061325 Andre really what I want to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00132-00061326-00061469 um ask you we're so sorry you're not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00133-00061470-00061738 here in the room with us is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00134-00061739-00062087 um from your experience of being a small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00135-00062088-00062453 country what has having representation
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00136-00062454-00062807 as a digital Ambassador really brought
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00137-00062808-00063041 to shaping your foreign policy shaping
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00138-00063041-00063250 your interactions on the global stage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00139-00063251-00063544 and what difference has it made thank
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00140-00063545-00063659 you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00141-00063660-00063929 sure thank you and uh I'm sorry for not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00142-00063929-00064163 being able to be present it's uh lots of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00143-00064164-00064307 commitments family and everything else
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00144-00064308-00064523 made it impossible to me to be there but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00145-00064524-00064697 still uh thank you uh thank you everyone
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00146-00064698-00064913 for for the invite uh Tony Blair
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00147-00064914-00065075 Institute of course Melanie and Rosanna
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00148-00065076-00065297 for setting all of this up and I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00149-00065298-00065525 really happy to see such an interesting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00150-00065526-00065873 um uh such a large crowd um um following
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00151-00065874-00066088 and proceedings live and to the one
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00152-00066089-00066293 person who raised his hand or her hand
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00153-00066294-00066611 as being the the one technological let's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00154-00066612-00066881 hope that by igf 18 that'll be more more
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00155-00066882-00067043 in the room who can who can raise their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00156-00067044-00067343 arm uh and answer to that question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00157-00067344-00067565 um so uh yes Merlin it's a very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00158-00067566-00067769 important question and and I I'm very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00159-00067770-00068050 proud to also have this opportunity to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00160-00068051-00068375 to be you know malta's first uh Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00161-00068376-00068525 Diplomat hopefully not the last of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00162-00068526-00068794 course uh but I I am one of the growing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00163-00068795-00069059 classes of tech diplomats but let's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00164-00069060-00069250 let's talk about the question that you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00165-00069251-00069431 raised about small states and maybe
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00166-00069432-00069737 broaden that um a bit now one of the key
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00167-00069738-00069994 points I I often make about us small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00168-00069995-00070403 states is is agility so yeah being small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00169-00070404-00070613 can be a hindrance but on the other hand
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00170-00070614-00070906 being small allows you to change dark
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00171-00070907-00071182 and change um change direction rather
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00172-00071183-00071543 rapidly and that makes us in general
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00173-00071544-00071813 um a natural place to Natural places to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00174-00071814-00071956 think about new regulations new
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00175-00071957-00072155 governance structures and incorporations
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00176-00072156-00072538 of Incorporation apologies into uh into
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00177-00072539-00072785 our country before larger States and in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00178-00072786-00072994 some sense this gives us experience of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00179-00072995-00073144 how these Technologies how these ideas
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00180-00073145-00073391 work before others which allows us to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00181-00073392-00073649 again take leadership positions um in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00182-00073650-00073805 the discussion of course we need to try
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00183-00073806-00073973 and take those positions but we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00184-00073974-00074267 naturally placed in many in many places
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00185-00074268-00074519 too to do to take those uh those
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00186-00074520-00074759 leadership roles and um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00187-00074760-00075011 it's not just small states of course
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00188-00075012-00075185 um one of the in one of the Premier
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00189-00075186-00075376 League discussions we had uh there was
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00190-00075377-00075526 also this issue of playing on the global
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00191-00075527-00075785 North versus global now South which is a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00192-00075786-00076049 big a big part of um uh the tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00193-00076050-00076426 discussion and what counts for small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00194-00076427-00076631 states also accounts for for the global
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00195-00076632-00076925 South in this sense that is to say
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00196-00076926-00077206 um we are seen as Lagos occasionally
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00197-00077207-00077350 when it comes to taking up new
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00198-00077351-00077591 technologies and so on but rather than
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00199-00077592-00077788 saying it as a problem you know in a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00200-00077789-00077981 sort of deficit mentality uh perspective
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00201-00077982-00078119 I'd like to say there's an opportunity
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00202-00078120-00078305 and if you think about Technologies like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00203-00078306-00078515 peer-to-peer Mobile Banking you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00204-00078516-00078737 Africa is the Pioneer there so again
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00205-00078738-00078994 there's a lot we can learn uh from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00206-00078995-00079235 Africa in this particular space which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00207-00079236-00079403 allows us to think about how to regulate
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00208-00079404-00079571 how to govern this aspect of technology
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00209-00079572-00079775 and more broadly
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00210-00079776-00079955 this is what I'm trying to say small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00211-00079956-00080182 states like the global South like other
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00212-00080183-00080525 places have a a particularly interesting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00213-00080526-00080867 particularly good role to play if if we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00214-00080868-00081035 take the initiative to try to set
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00215-00081036-00081299 leadership in certain in certain in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00216-00081300-00081479 certain before and I guess this is the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00217-00081480-00081694 important point then we also need to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00218-00081695-00081899 find put our foot forward uh best foot
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00219-00081900-00082109 forward and try and take trying to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00220-00082110-00082331 certain leadership in the right fora you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00221-00082332-00082529 know we need to be around the table
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00222-00082530-00082882 um uh in all of these discussions and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00223-00082883-00083129 you know there is president for this so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00224-00083130-00083273 there's a couple of presidents uh you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00225-00083274-00083405 know which I can think about off the top
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00226-00083406-00083561 of my head I mean what it is one of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00227-00083562-00083812 these is uh the recent uh International
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00228-00083813-00084071 discussion spoke about the uh climate
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00229-00084072-00084347 catastrophe which was sparked in part by
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00230-00084348-00084532 small island States saying this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00231-00084533-00084838 represents an existential threat to us
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00232-00084839-00085121 we need to do something about this and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00233-00085122-00085349 closer to home um a few decades ago
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00234-00085350-00085535 Malta was the one that spearheadedly the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00235-00085536-00085721 law of the Seas uh at the United Nations
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00236-00085722-00085894 so there is is president for small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00237-00085895-00086225 states globally taking leadership roles
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00238-00086226-00086494 and in the technology in the world of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00239-00086495-00086644 technology this could also be another
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00240-00086645-00086891 front for us to to do this and of course
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00241-00086892-00087167 we need we need uh Tech diplomats to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00242-00087168-00087323 able to participate in the conversation
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00243-00087324-00087515 and as I'm saying a certain leadership
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00244-00087516-00088043 there
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00245-00088044-00088271 okay thank you so much Andrea and I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00246-00088272-00088481 sure we'll come back to if people have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00247-00088482-00088817 questions uh for you but I'd like to now
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00248-00088818-00089176 give the floor over to sunit so suneet
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00249-00089177-00089356 although clearly couldn't have been
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00250-00089357-00089650 working since 2007 across I believe that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00251-00089651-00089962 would make you a small child but with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00252-00089963-00090323 all your experience what do you think is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00253-00090324-00090725 missing with Africa's engagement in Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00254-00090726-00091073 diplomacy and how do you feel that in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00255-00091074-00091343 fact we can close that Gap and what
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00256-00091344-00091631 would it take to build a carjob tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00257-00091632-00091865 diplomats
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00258-00091866-00092153 thanks Melanie hi everybody can
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00259-00092154-00092303 everybody hear me
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00260-00092304-00092644 fantastic okay so I think I'll I'll
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00261-00092645-00092818 invite everybody to take a step back
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00262-00092819-00093244 first and kind of uh invite us to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00263-00093245-00093538 consider two lenses to to think about
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00264-00093539-00093791 where Africa sits in the in this kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00265-00093792-00094156 big Global uh Tech diplomatic world that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00266-00094157-00094361 is emerging so I think the first lens
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00267-00094362-00094588 that is an interesting one is a kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00268-00094589-00094835 neo-cold war that appears to be emerging
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00269-00094836-00095062 and playing out on the continent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00270-00095063-00095231 um and then on one side and you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00271-00095232-00095441 I'll preface this by saying that I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00272-00095442-00095621 using country names as a shorthand but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00273-00095622-00095885 obviously respecting that policies and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00274-00095886-00096017 governments and people are not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00275-00096018-00096244 homogeneous but on the one hand you sort
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00276-00096245-00096473 of have the China Russia positioning and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00277-00096474-00096768 their allies versus the kind of us EU
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00278-00096769-00097055 and their respective allies
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00279-00097056-00097331 um and I think one of the interesting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00280-00097332-00097505 things about the Neo Cold War playing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00281-00097506-00097631 out is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00282-00097632-00097865 it brings Tech policy to the Forefront
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00283-00097866-00098153 only at periods of Crisis and I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00284-00098154-00098350 the lesson to that we should be taking
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00285-00098351-00098573 away from from those moments of Crisis
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00286-00098574-00098794 is let's not wait for the crisis we have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00287-00098795-00098993 to take a proactive approach and I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00288-00098994-00099191 that's what I would invite all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00289-00099192-00099305 governments to do but particularly
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00290-00099306-00099479 African governments
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00291-00099480-00099647 um I think the second interesting lens
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00292-00099648-00099871 is the kind of the rise of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00293-00099872-00100144 multinational corporation versus the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00294-00100145-00100312 power of the nation-state and other
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00295-00100313-00100517 multilateral governments
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00296-00100518-00100744 um so we see big players obviously like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00297-00100745-00101176 Alibaba Google Apple Huawei Oracle the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00298-00101177-00101309 list goes on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00299-00101310-00101465 kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00300-00101466-00101861 at odds with governments at various kind
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00301-00101862-00102100 of issues whether that's around text
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00302-00102101-00102329 um tax uh tax revenue whether that's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00303-00102330-00102563 around employment rights whether that's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00304-00102564-00102677 around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00305-00102678-00102928 um thinking about again kind of uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00306-00102929-00103108 periods of Elections and social media
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00307-00103109-00103282 content you kind of see this tension
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00308-00103283-00103504 playing out in that lens so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00309-00103505-00103834 both lenses tempt you to see Africa I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00310-00103835-00104134 think as passive or victimized
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00311-00104135-00104304 um and I would challenge that narrative
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00312-00104305-00104584 and what I'll do is I'll just go through
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00313-00104585-00104806 a flavor of kind of the top spaces where
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00314-00104807-00105058 Tech diplomacy might play out thinking
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00315-00105059-00105286 about these lenses so the first one is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00316-00105288-00105610 cyber security we have the Au convention
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00317-00105611-00105904 on cyber security and data privacy we've
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00318-00105905-00106193 made a first step but the sign up to it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00319-00106194-00106384 the kind of follow-through is still very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00320-00106385-00106495 limited
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00321-00106496-00106721 thinking about our kind of next
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00322-00106722-00107008 Dimension around e-commerce and trade we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00323-00107009-00107195 have the Africa Continental Free Trade
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00324-00107196-00107369 Agreement there's a lot of talk about
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00325-00107370-00107686 Africa being the single digital Market
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00326-00107688-00107777 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00327-00107778-00107986 I think also it's it's very interesting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00328-00107988-00108233 that the Central African Republic has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00329-00108233-00108599 accepted cryptocurrency as a legitimate
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00330-00108600-00108852 um currency we see Nigeria
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00331-00108853-00109157 launching its uh Central there's its own
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00332-00109158-00109486 cbdc The enaira Limited success I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00333-00109488-00109715 there's a lot of these are Big complex
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00334-00109716-00109919 issues that I'm I'm touching upon but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00335-00109920-00110021 one of the important things around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00336-00110022-00110195 e-commerce and trade is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00337-00110196-00110452 given the youth dividend and the huge
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00338-00110453-00110633 kind of unemployment that many African
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00339-00110633-00110765 countries face we know that the gig
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00340-00110766-00111034 economy is hugely important on the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00341-00111035-00111143 continent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00342-00111144-00111389 these the gig economy is dominated by
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00343-00111390-00111557 again major multinational corporations
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00344-00111558-00111760 and it raises lots of issues for African
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00345-00111761-00111940 governments around protecting employee
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00346-00111941-00112175 rights around taxation
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00347-00112176-00112415 um around the the role that education
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00348-00112416-00112595 has got to play to prepare
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00349-00112596-00112834 the African Youth and frankly all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00350-00112835-00112984 Africans because we're all having to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00351-00112985-00113140 learn all the time now
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00352-00113141-00113278 um so I think thinking about the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00353-00113279-00113440 legislation and thinking about planning
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00354-00113441-00113651 is also really important again in that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00355-00113652-00113875 space of tech diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00356-00113876-00114077 infrastructure I think the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00357-00114078-00114221 infrastructure conversation in Africa
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00358-00114222-00114515 focuses on connectivity 5G power access
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00359-00114516-00114713 to devices all of these things demand
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00360-00114714-00114940 engagement with foreign powers whether
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00361-00114941-00115102 they be corporations or whether they be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00362-00115103-00115390 governments and then the final one which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00363-00115391-00115583 is also very important around is around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00364-00115583-00115816 social norms and governance
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00365-00115817-00116177 um we've had various pockets of debate
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00366-00116178-00116477 they typically are isolated whether
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00367-00116478-00116663 they're around what are acceptable
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00368-00116664-00116813 things to say on the internet whether
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00369-00116814-00116993 that's around what is the role of social
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00370-00116994-00117215 media platforms on elections all of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00371-00117216-00117316 these things
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00372-00117317-00117665 again demand a coherent and holistic
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00373-00117666-00117910 view not just at a national level but at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00374-00117911-00118151 a regional level so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00375-00118152-00118354 keeping all of those kind of big flavor
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00376-00118355-00118619 issues in mind what I would say is at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00377-00118620-00118810 the Tony Blair Institute we always say
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00378-00118811-00119045 all policy is Tech policy and I think if
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00379-00119046-00119183 you're going to walk away with one thing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00380-00119183-00119423 from from our talk that's what I would
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00381-00119424-00119651 invite you to walk away with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00382-00119652-00119866 um I would say on AF in Africa when it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00383-00119867-00120065 comes to Tech diplomacy issues
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00384-00120066-00120347 it's very varied there's a lot of stuff
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00385-00120348-00120593 that we're making proactive steps on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00386-00120594-00120790 I've mentioned a few of them I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00387-00120791-00120958 another one to mention
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00388-00120959-00121169 um worth mentioning is the Africa
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00389-00121170-00121451 Declaration on internet rights we've
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00390-00121452-00121619 there are things on paper the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00391-00121620-00121769 translation on the ground is there's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00392-00121770-00121984 still a long long journey to go
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00393-00121985-00122225 so one thing is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00394-00122226-00122566 Tech policy requires Africa and all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00395-00122567-00122771 governments to be proactive
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00396-00122772-00123160 we need to see Tech On a par with energy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00397-00123161-00123407 military capacity food security when it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00398-00123408-00123557 comes to thinking about the role of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00399-00123558-00123754 technology and Tech diplomats in foreign
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00400-00123755-00123869 policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00401-00123870-00124084 we have to commit to upskilling both at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00402-00124085-00124373 individual level but also in terms of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00403-00124374-00124552 leveraging and upskilling important
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00404-00124553-00124840 forums like the African Union like the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00405-00124841-00125045 Unica including Regional bodies like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00406-00125046-00125195 igad
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00407-00125196-00125489 I think the third thing is we have to we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00408-00125490-00125651 have to be a lot more united on these
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00409-00125652-00125752 fronts
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00410-00125753-00125890 um we don't have to agree on everything
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00411-00125891-00126131 we're not homogeneous entity but we've
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00412-00126132-00126407 got to identify where we've got partners
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00413-00126408-00126581 and where we're going to have to kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00414-00126582-00126802 fight a battle and I think being open
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00415-00126803-00127073 and clear about that allows you to have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00416-00127074-00127325 a foreign policy strategy that will be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00417-00127326-00127481 much more effective and will help you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00418-00127482-00127636 identify the assets that you can
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00419-00127638-00127823 Leverage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00420-00127824-00128002 um and then the final thing is I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00421-00128003-00128254 speaking also to to the point that my
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00422-00128255-00128465 predecessor made
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00423-00128466-00128752 this stuff being nascent Works to this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00424-00128753-00128969 continent's Advantage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00425-00128970-00129166 um it's not just about being big or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00426-00129167-00129364 small but it's also about being an early
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00427-00129365-00129664 stage and I think Africa is in a really
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00428-00129665-00129797 good position
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00429-00129798-00130054 if it's able to to get ahead of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00430-00130055-00130373 curve and then let's learn lessons from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00431-00130374-00130745 kind of previous Global battles uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00432-00130746-00130919 whether that's around Commodities or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00433-00130920-00131219 security we don't repeat those mistakes
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00434-00131220-00131489 so I'll stop there thanks Melanie
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00435-00131490-00131759 thank you SUNY and I'm sure that's also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00436-00131760-00131939 triggered a bunch of questions and we're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00437-00131940-00132190 seeing some coming in through on slido
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00438-00132191-00132454 you can still feed into the slido pole
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00439-00132455-00132599 if you go to it should be working now
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00440-00132600-00132785 you just have to take on the section
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00441-00132786-00133061 that says polls and give us your ideas
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00442-00133062-00133463 but I'd like to Now call upon dalda I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00443-00133464-00133559 don't know why I'm looking up on the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00444-00133560-00133727 screen meditation it seems like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00445-00133728-00134093 networking do uh Dowda joining us from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00446-00134094-00134387 uh Senegal and again with soy uh that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00447-00134388-00134627 you can't be with us today
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00448-00134628-00135077 but um are you there can you hear us
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00449-00135078-00135293 yes I lost you for a bit but yeah I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00450-00135294-00135545 hearing you very well excellent uh thank
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00451-00135546-00135833 you Dada so really what I'd like to um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00452-00135834-00136145 do is get some of your thoughts on the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00453-00136146-00136481 challenges uh from Senegal both that uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00454-00136482-00136637 where you're engaging with tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00455-00136638-00137063 diplomacy and what is needed to help you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00456-00137064-00137357 build sort of a better Tech diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00457-00137358-00137878 capacity within Senegal
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00458-00137879-00138239 thank you Melanie uh I would love to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00459-00138240-00138473 with you today but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00460-00138474-00138539 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00461-00138540-00138869 the first thing for Senegal the chance
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00462-00138870-00139151 we have is that we have a president who
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00463-00139152-00139493 is an engineer that's the first thing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00464-00139494-00139702 um and the second is he's the first tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00465-00139703-00139961 Diplomat without you know having the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00466-00139962-00140285 official Title by that I mean uh because
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00467-00140286-00140581 Tech is very high the agenda for Senegal
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00468-00140582-00140777 we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00469-00140778-00141071 um he is trying on any International
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00470-00141072-00141359 Gathering to just push for the digital
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00471-00141360-00141593 agenda in Senegal so I think that's the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00472-00141594-00141904 first role he's playing in the in in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00473-00141905-00142169 that field
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00474-00142170-00142511 um so Senegal is a bit of a particular
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00475-00142512-00142877 country which is that we are a very a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00476-00142878-00143027 true democracy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00477-00143028-00143364 and at the same time surrounded with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00478-00143365-00143789 countries that are a bit unstable so we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00479-00143790-00144149 are moving uh on that field
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00480-00144150-00144454 alone and at the same time because we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00481-00144455-00144785 are part of the other kind of IEC also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00482-00144786-00145031 the regional economic Community like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00483-00145032-00145469 ecowas we are moving on with one heart
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00484-00145470-00145589 are they
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00485-00145590-00145751 um you know sovereign country and then
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00486-00145752-00146069 at the same time we're trying to uh you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00487-00146070-00146423 know uh on the ecowas side pushing the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00488-00146424-00146759 agenda on everything uh around policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00489-00146760-00146939 Etc so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00490-00146940-00147013 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00491-00147014-00147269 well just one example
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00492-00147270-00147719 um we have been a member of the GPI
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00493-00147720-00147911 which is the global partnership for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00494-00147912-00148187 artificial intelligence since two days
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00495-00148188-00148552 ago this is one thing that Tony Blair
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00496-00148553-00148901 Institute has really uh was leading uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00497-00148902-00149273 since last year and now Senegal has uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00498-00149274-00149693 has joined other members of oecd as a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00499-00149694-00149911 member of the global partnership for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00500-00149912-00150137 artificial intelligence which is a big
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00501-00150138-00150328 achievement for that country because
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00502-00150329-00150821 it's like-minded countries we are we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00503-00150822-00151187 were able to push that uh you know to to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00504-00151188-00151504 put that one over over the line uh the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00505-00151505-00151787 the second thing uh maybe that I want to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00506-00151788-00152033 discuss is around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00507-00152034-00152507 um the the the data governance and how a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00508-00152508-00152801 country like Senegal is trying to push
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00509-00152802-00153076 um so it's again uh Tech diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00510-00153077-00153340 because uh because it's a stable country
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00511-00153341-00153551 again uh that we have some
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00512-00153552-00153749 infrastructure like data centers that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00513-00153750-00154037 we're trying to build uh we are pushing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00514-00154038-00154313 it's not a tech Diplomat you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00515-00154314-00154475 traveling around the country the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00516-00154476-00154739 surrounding countries uh trying to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00517-00154740-00155009 convince them to host their data within
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00518-00155010-00155339 us but it's just uh either the ministry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00519-00155340-00155537 of digital recording or the digital
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00520-00155538-00155854 agency who travel to The Gambia who is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00521-00155855-00156131 very our neighbor to Mali or again
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00522-00156132-00156502 linear and then try to sell these ideas
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00523-00156503-00156923 of this idea sorry of digital of data
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00524-00156924-00157264 Embassy where we say listen it's uh the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00525-00157265-00157649 same ecowas region again you better host
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00526-00157650-00157847 your data within a Senegal
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00527-00157848-00158033 infrastructure rather than going to the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00528-00158034-00158309 US or or Europe to hospital that's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00529-00158310-00158633 that's one of the uh thing that we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00530-00158634-00159113 seeing playing uh uh in the fields uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00531-00159114-00159563 the other maybe uh the last subject that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00532-00159564-00159899 I want to touch uh is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00533-00159900-00160039 um around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00534-00160040-00160625 how we can you know uh it's got kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00535-00160626-00160954 piggybacking but how we can uh are the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00536-00160955-00161314 small and agile country uh try to frame
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00537-00161315-00161633 and put a conversation between uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00538-00161634-00161909 Senegal and and big Tech and we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00539-00161910-00162257 seeing that in a very Vivid and uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00540-00162258-00162509 concrete example of how we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00541-00162510-00162863 convincing a partner like Oracle to come
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00542-00162864-00163326 to Senegal and then set up a a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00543-00163327-00163637 sovereign Cloud so this is uh something
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00544-00163638-00163954 again that Tony Blairs is trying to to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00545-00163955-00164416 push where we say to uh a big Tech like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00546-00164417-00164645 uh Oracle this is the problem for many
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00547-00164646-00164831 countries who want their data to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00548-00164832-00165119 within boundaries so The Residency of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00549-00165120-00165401 data how could you help us do it you're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00550-00165402-00165623 making a case we are an example a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00551-00165624-00165887 country so if it works for us it could
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00552-00165888-00166175 work for 54 countries in Africa so I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00553-00166176-00166357 just going to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00554-00166358-00166690 just stop there but yes it's kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00555-00166691-00167123 Legacy uh sorry uh regulations around
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00556-00167124-00167316 data but it's a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00557-00167317-00167773 also some concrete implementation of how
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00558-00167774-00168301 Senegal can you know at least try to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00559-00168302-00168613 converse and talk with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00560-00168614-00169013 big Tech and you know have some kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00561-00169014-00170081 uh positive output out of it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00562-00170082-00170519 thank you so much dauda and um before we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00563-00170520-00170759 turn and if any of our speakers so Andre
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00564-00170760-00170957 daldo if you want to jump in at any
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00565-00170958-00171251 point please uh alert Rosanna and we'll
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00566-00171252-00171485 turn over uh the floor back to you and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00567-00171486-00171875 uh you can just nudge me but uh we have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00568-00171876-00172061 a whole bunch of questions that have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00569-00172062-00172421 come in thick and fast and so I'm just
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00570-00172422-00172571 going to and I'm going to jump off the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00571-00172572-00172709 first one because I think it's a really
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00572-00172710-00172859 interesting one is that we didn't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00573-00172860-00173045 actually Define what we meant by Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00574-00173046-00173285 diplomacy and someone said well what do
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00575-00173286-00173590 we mean by Tech diplomacy and I'm mother
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00576-00173591-00173933 I'm happy to give what how we perceived
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00577-00173934-00174131 it as our definition in the paper and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00578-00174132-00174316 then more than open to if anyone wants
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00579-00174317-00174599 to add or change your own responder to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00580-00174600-00174773 that but and I think there is a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00581-00174774-00175019 distinction between e-diplomacy and Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00582-00175020-00175295 diplomacy with e-diplomacy being the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00583-00175296-00175583 extent that you use sort of social media
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00584-00175584-00176099 or Tech as part of your messaging in and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00585-00176100-00176297 Tech diplomacy similarly in the same
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00586-00176298-00176537 that we think of climate diplomacy or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00587-00176538-00176831 any other sort of diplomacy in the sense
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00588-00176832-00177125 that it's partly how you're engaging
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00589-00177126-00177581 with the whole range of actors uh across
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00590-00177582-00177838 any given issue in this case Tech to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00591-00177839-00178049 able to shape and formulate the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00592-00178050-00178325 conversation Advance your interests
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00593-00178326-00178463 and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00594-00178464-00178661 and see the change or be part of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00595-00178662-00178876 change that you want to see both locally
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00596-00178877-00179093 and nationally regionally and globally
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00597-00179094-00179351 so that would be whether that is and I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00598-00179352-00179633 think data raised and an important point
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00599-00179634-00179813 that contains in today's day and age
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00600-00179814-00180101 both engaging with other states and with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00601-00180102-00180287 the international Forum being able to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00602-00180288-00180575 have your voice heard alongside and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00603-00180576-00180821 cooperating collaborating for that as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00604-00180822-00181085 well as with tech companies that do
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00605-00181086-00181475 increasingly taking on roles as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00606-00181476-00181745 geopolitical actors whether that's in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00607-00181746-00182028 stabilizing the internet or in their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00608-00182029-00182357 formulation or of tech and how we're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00609-00182358-00182699 using it so that would be where I put
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00610-00182700-00182957 the definition at but I'm happy for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00611-00182958-00183185 anyone else Andre or anyone in the room
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00612-00183186-00183316 that would like to add to that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00613-00183317-00184001 definition
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00614-00184002-00184564 today
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00615-00184565-00185002 thank you very much um no maybe offer
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00616-00185003-00185201 and add to the definition but maybe a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00617-00185202-00185435 framework for it you know not too long
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00618-00185436-00185638 ago about um two weeks ago there was a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00619-00185639-00185795 conference in Malta actually
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00620-00185796-00185945 um called digital diplomacy on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00621-00185946-00186066 governance and I had the pleasure to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00622-00186067-00186371 participate in that and to some extent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00623-00186372-00186635 we identified three elements or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00624-00186636-00186814 components of digital diplomacy one of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00625-00186815-00186959 which that you mentioned and that is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00626-00186960-00187187 that first is the impact of basically
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00627-00187188-00187373 information communication technology on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00628-00187374-00187552 the geopolitical environment or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00629-00187553-00187690 basically on the environment in which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00630-00187691-00187949 diplomacy acts and then
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00631-00187950-00188116 um and then so that will be the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00632-00188117-00188351 environment then issues so as you said
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00633-00188352-00188626 there are Tech issues and ICT related
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00634-00188627-00188825 issues that the Diplomat modern Diplomat
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00635-00188826-00189161 now has to face and then icts tools so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00636-00189162-00189347 the tools that Diplomat would use to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00637-00189348-00189619 reach out to a bigger
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00638-00189620-00189964 audience and and constituency and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00639-00189965-00190199 probably that framework of those three
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00640-00190200-00190463 points can help us to see either the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00641-00190464-00190643 definitions of each or the overlap
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00642-00190644-00190859 between them digital diplomacy e
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00643-00190860-00191266 diplomacy and uh diplomacy alike Leo I'd
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00644-00191267-00191476 like to also bring back that many of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00645-00191477-00191704 these issues were were tackled quite a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00646-00191705-00192071 few years ago 2003 2005 the two phases
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00647-00192072-00192245 of the whistles in which the first
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00648-00192246-00192569 Fusion between the tech community and as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00649-00192570-00192773 modern or as new as it could look like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00650-00192774-00193090 and the and the diplomacy as traditional
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00651-00193091-00193295 and as old as it could look like the two
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00652-00193296-00193481 uh the two communities met and I was
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00653-00193482-00193738 happy enough to be one of them one of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00654-00193739-00193931 those members participating in the two
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00655-00193932-00194123 in the two phases of the summit so I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00656-00194124-00194297 think it's very useful to have that um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00657-00194298-00194471 that look into the history as well to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00658-00194472-00194614 see how to build into the future thank
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00659-00194615-00194795 you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00660-00194796-00195107 thank you so much and may I get your
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00661-00195108-00195197 name
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00662-00195198-00195319 my name is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00663-00195320-00195604 a diplomat but currently at the African
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00664-00195605-00195785 Union commission perfect thank you well
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00665-00195786-00196175 thank you for uh sharing that uh with us
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00666-00196176-00196511 um and I think Andre you wanted to add
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00667-00196512-00197002 into that so um Andrei
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00668-00197003-00197237 I recognize my my the previous speaker
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00669-00197238-00197483 but I we've probably interacted in Malta
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00670-00197484-00197776 a couple weeks ago so uh hi
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00671-00197777-00197981 um yes yes I mean uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00672-00197982-00198173 um there's a few different ways in which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00673-00198174-00198371 one can spend this uh this idea of you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00674-00198372-00198611 know what really is Tech diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00675-00198612-00198887 um one is as has been said right now
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00676-00198888-00199090 which is you know there's Tech as a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00677-00199091-00199378 topic and Tech as an environment for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00678-00199379-00199619 doing diplomacy uh my preferred way
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00679-00199620-00199847 because I come from science as my
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00680-00199848-00200009 background my preferred way is actually
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00681-00200010-00200326 to piggyback off of the um a definition
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00682-00200327-00200549 for science diplomacy which was given a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00683-00200550-00200795 few years ago by the Royal Society and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00684-00200796-00201071 the aaas uh but they'll change a few
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00685-00201072-00201413 ways and that is this tech for diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00686-00201414-00201664 which you just called e-diplomacy a few
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00687-00201665-00201881 minutes ago and that is basically using
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00688-00201882-00202150 technology as a tool to help us engage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00689-00202151-00202271 diplomatically you know this is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00690-00202272-00202469 particularly important for small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00691-00202470-00202714 countries perhaps also for those reasons
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00692-00202715-00202895 regions which don't have a very large
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00693-00202896-00203104 diplomatic footprint General but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00694-00203105-00203273 particularly as a small country we don't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00695-00203274-00203387 have the resources to engage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00696-00203388-00203638 diplomatically in the same way as for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00697-00203639-00203975 example the US has so by using digital
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00698-00203976-00204161 Tools in just the right way we can grow
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00699-00204162-00204340 our diplomatic footprint and one can
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00700-00204341-00204502 call that sort of tech for diplomacy or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00701-00204503-00204743 E diplomacy uh there's also the idea of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00702-00204744-00204977 diplomacy for Tech where here we're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00703-00204978-00205169 talking about using diplomatic means
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00704-00205169-00205336 diplomatic challenge multi-stakeholder
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00705-00205337-00205540 for uh uh to discuss the issue of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00706-00205541-00205805 governing Technologies uh perhaps also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00707-00205806-00206032 somehow through diplomacy encouraging
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00708-00206033-00206284 the growth of Technology uh encouraging
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00709-00206285-00206531 the the development of technology and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00710-00206532-00206771 here I want to I want to Echo some of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00711-00206771-00206986 the concerns raised by both simet and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00712-00206987-00207179 dauda and that is kind of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00713-00207180-00207377 interesting place that we find ourselves
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00714-00207378-00207532 in at the moment in the global World
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00715-00207533-00207760 whether where there are the the large
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00716-00207761-00208042 multinational corporations that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00717-00208044-00208229 really and here I'm going to put on my
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00718-00208230-00208625 small small country hat they have much
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00719-00208626-00208805 more power in every sense of the word
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00720-00208806-00209027 than than small countries and that makes
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00721-00209028-00209207 it very difficult for us as small
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00722-00209208-00209446 countries to interact with them there is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00723-00209448-00209705 yes the aspect of of encouraging them to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00724-00209706-00209944 invest in us which is one way but also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00725-00209946-00210184 when it comes to discussing uh for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00726-00210185-00210484 example issues that we face or or try to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00727-00210485-00210767 talk about governance the structures are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00728-00210767-00210994 not obvious how do we go about going to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00729-00210996-00211175 these multinational corporations sitting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00730-00211176-00211319 around on the same up around the table
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00731-00211319-00211534 with them and discussing ways forward
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00732-00211535-00211721 when it comes to governance so there are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00733-00211721-00211913 some issues there which kind of go a bit
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00734-00211914-00212134 beyond the traditional uh diplomatic
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00735-00212135-00212369 framework and then there is Tech in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00736-00212369-00212706 diplomacy uh so that is using technology
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00737-00212707-00213029 to inform diplomacy diplomatic relations
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00738-00213030-00213263 to somehow make diplomatic relations
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00739-00213264-00213551 smoother and I would kind of bring in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00740-00213552-00213832 perhaps meta's Cicero software you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00741-00213833-00214121 that sort of idea as using detectors
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00742-00214121-00214432 somehow enhance how States interact
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00743-00214433-00214648 diplomatically with one another so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00744-00214650-00214853 that's just a slightly different way of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00745-00214854-00215110 phrasing you know these three pillars uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00746-00215111-00215291 but it's my preferred way of defining
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00747-00215292-00215458 technical obviously you know so in three
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00748-00215459-00215825 these using these three different lenses
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00749-00215826-00216071 thank you so much well that's uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00750-00216071-00216292 definitely added I hope that answered
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00751-00216294-00216617 the question of the person uh that asked
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00752-00216617-00216941 it did you want to add into that yeah
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00753-00216942-00217301 it's all uh great so I think um again
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00754-00217302-00217582 turning back to uh some of the questions
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00755-00217583-00217744 and if there are any questions in the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00756-00217746-00217882 room other than the ones I got the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00757-00217883-00218194 sliding please uh raise your hand
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00758-00218196-00218273 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00759-00218273-00218567 and sort of it and as you are or if you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00760-00218567-00218813 put them into slido uh then so it'd be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00761-00218814-00219131 it uh so we've had a question uh also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00762-00219132-00219342 here from Paul who said to what extent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00763-00219344-00219731 should uh Tech diplomacy come from the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00764-00219732-00219917 foreign Ministry or should it become to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00765-00219917-00220205 other bodies and and I think this is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00766-00220206-00220469 something that we were looking at and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00767-00220469-00220684 and part of the advocacy of the paper we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00768-00220685-00220865 did was just supposed to actually say
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00769-00220866-00221039 this it should be embedded in foreign
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00770-00221040-00221308 policy and I think uh Chris blinken said
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00771-00221309-00221675 it recently when the U.S only last year
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00772-00221676-00222023 or this year put in Tech into their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00773-00222023-00222155 foreign policy to say he was always
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00774-00222156-00222346 bringing in scientists and technologists
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00775-00222348-00222605 to tell him what he needed to know and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00776-00222606-00222917 that this needs to be embedded into the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00777-00222917-00223313 foreign policy capacity and I think as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00778-00223314-00223660 Sunita alluded to that it's so that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00779-00223661-00223996 there the gaps aren't so there's so many
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00780-00223998-00224219 missing gaps if it's left to either
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00781-00224219-00224560 different Ministries to each try and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00782-00224561-00224794 work out their bit of tech that things
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00783-00224796-00224969 are falling through the cracks and from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00784-00224969-00225221 our perspective that's where we see
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00785-00225221-00225371 actually the fragmentation of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00786-00225371-00225496 internet potentially happening because
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00787-00225498-00225815 if your traditional diplomats don't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00788-00225816-00226121 realize what trade you know the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00789-00226121-00226367 department of trade may be doing on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00790-00226367-00226553 various standards and how that can be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00791-00226554-00226756 impacting onto the wider internet
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00792-00226757-00226973 ecosystem or something else within the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00793-00226973-00227225 whole Tech ecosystem then that's when
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00794-00227226-00227417 the system's beginning to break up for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00795-00227417-00227555 countries a little
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00796-00227556-00227915 um I see Sunny my to add something here
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00797-00227916-00228131 no I mean I agree with you I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00798-00228132-00228341 typically the big players tend to be the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00799-00228342-00228539 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00800-00228540-00228719 um and then Ministry of defense for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00801-00228719-00228869 security issues
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00802-00228869-00229001 um and the Ministry of Finance and then
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00803-00229002-00229198 the head of state officers and the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00804-00229200-00229469 ministry of ICT I think it's it's has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00805-00229469-00229601 probably in every country has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00806-00229602-00229810 experienced an interesting Journey from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00807-00229811-00230021 kind of being the kind of backhand I.T
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00808-00230021-00230158 guy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00809-00230159-00230387 um and then suddenly like periodically
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00810-00230388-00230548 there's sort of thrust to the you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00811-00230550-00230753 like Limelight because there's been a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00812-00230754-00231029 crisis or a kind of critical issue so I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00813-00231030-00231131 think there's an interesting question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00814-00231132-00231382 about the role of the ministry of ICT or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00815-00231383-00231592 innovation and Tech specifically in the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00816-00231594-00231742 mix
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00817-00231744-00232019 um what tech diplomas see demands that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00818-00232019-00232582 is a is a greater need for collaboration
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00819-00232583-00232894 um which governments internally and kind
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00820-00232896-00233056 of in terms of internal comes are not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00821-00233057-00233248 always great at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00822-00233250-00233381 um and that's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00823-00233382-00233584 challenges further compounded by the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00824-00233585-00233915 fact that the nature of technical Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00825-00233916-00234196 diplomacy issues are international in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00826-00234198-00234377 their nature so not only do you have to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00827-00234378-00234521 speak to all the key people in your own
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00828-00234521-00234634 country you've got to speak to all the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00829-00234635-00234839 key people sort of in other countries
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00830-00234840-00235169 and then further it all changes really
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00831-00235169-00235337 really really really fast the tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00832-00235338-00235510 change is fast
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00833-00235511-00235667 um things are moving at a much faster
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00834-00235667-00235948 pace and again I think governments
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00835-00235950-00236146 typically are going to struggle or have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00836-00236148-00236356 struggled in the past with keeping
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00837-00236357-00236482 um up to speed with this stuff
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00838-00236483-00236639 particularly when it comes to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00839-00236640-00236777 translating a kind of initial
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00840-00236778-00237046 announcement to regulation and then roll
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00841-00237048-00237281 out etc etc and I think where that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00842-00237282-00237605 really matters is in issues that impact
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00843-00237606-00237863 particularly vulnerable communities
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00844-00237864-00238313 um and my my my thinking is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00845-00238314-00238577 just from a moral perspective that also
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00846-00238578-00238823 has to be in the mix and so we're not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00847-00238823-00238996 just trying to challenge the kind of big
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00848-00238998-00239267 powers that be but thinking about well
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00849-00239267-00239387 there are lots of people who aren't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00850-00239388-00239513 going to be in the room to represent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00851-00239514-00239758 their interests so embedded
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00852-00239759-00239944 um and mainstreamed across that is what
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00853-00239946-00240106 does this mean for the poorest what does
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00854-00240107-00240244 this mean for the vulnerable what does
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00855-00240246-00240521 this mean for communities that are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00856-00240521-00240719 disproportionately impacted again going
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00857-00240719-00240910 back I think to resonating with the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00858-00240911-00241060 earlier Point
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00859-00241061-00241313 um on the impact of climate change and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00860-00241314-00241541 how that has forced a kind of Coalition
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00861-00241542-00241798 of small island bodies
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00862-00241800-00242044 um to get together I think I would hope
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00863-00242046-00242279 to see something like that for for Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00864-00242280-00242381 policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00865-00242382-00242698 thank you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00866-00242700-00242884 I I put the question and there's sort of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00867-00242885-00243046 two parts to it and one part you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00868-00243048-00243167 kind of got lost in the small word
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00869-00243167-00243448 counter on on platform
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00870-00243450-00243658 um and the I mean I'm inclined to the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00871-00243659-00243827 view that if a country has a Tech minus
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00872-00243828-00244031 to buy whatever title that person should
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00873-00244032-00244192 be a diplomat as in quite quite
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00874-00244194-00244348 literally your job if you're the ICT
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00875-00244350-00244582 Minister should be to travel and work in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00876-00244583-00244810 in conjunction with foreign Ministry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00877-00244811-00244937 um but the the second part of the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00878-00244938-00245237 question comes to the to what extent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00879-00245238-00245429 no it's not mine uh to what extent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00880-00245430-00245608 should the the tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00881-00245609-00245963 um you know diplomacy involve the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00882-00245964-00246173 non-government sector involve you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00883-00246173-00246329 to what extent so if you you know if you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00884-00246330-00246496 consider the UK a lot of its Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00885-00246498-00246617 diplomacy at the moment is done by
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00886-00246617-00246827 things like London Tech Advocates and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00887-00246828-00247013 it's sort of outsourced and and you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00888-00247014-00247234 there is an extent to which again let me
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00889-00247235-00247427 pick on the UK because that's the Tony
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00890-00247428-00247619 play Institute but you know a particular
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00891-00247619-00247763 government might might have some
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00892-00247764-00247906 difficulty in in Breaking certain
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00893-00247907-00248171 barriers because of unpopular policies a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00894-00248171-00248303 particular political party can be very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00895-00248304-00248477 unpopular and their predecessors could
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00896-00248478-00248675 could be more popular
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00897-00248676-00248837 um but the NGO sector often has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00898-00248838-00249048 credibility and I mean you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00899-00249050-00249394 well-managed diplomacy has the sense of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00900-00249396-00249592 separation of state and government and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00901-00249594-00249803 but in the tech sector and in a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00902-00249804-00250006 fast-moving new industry that sort of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00903-00250007-00250319 institutional mechanism does not yet
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00904-00250319-00250594 exist and and my sort of fear is if
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00905-00250596-00250787 countries adopt the the approach of okay
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00906-00250788-00250991 well we're going to a point five people
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00907-00250992-00251219 as you know diplomats we're going to you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00908-00251219-00251429 know give them diplomatic power and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00909-00251430-00251560 we're going to send them abroad as Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00910-00251561-00251782 diplomats they won't have the necessary
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00911-00251783-00251992 credibility and and you need to build
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00912-00251994-00252239 that in in various shapes and forms and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00913-00252240-00252437 work in a slightly different way than
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00914-00252438-00252671 how you you've traditionally done it so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00915-00252671-00252856 yeah so that's kind of the double nudge
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00916-00252857-00253103 of in government where should it be and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00917-00253104-00253277 I I very strongly agree it should be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00918-00253278-00253396 Foreign Affairs and if there is a tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00919-00253398-00253601 Ministry it should work very very much
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00920-00253602-00253781 in conjunction
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00921-00253782-00254056 um but secondly to what extent with the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00922-00254057-00254242 culture and with the way things are is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00923-00254244-00254387 government a little bit more important
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00924-00254388-00254584 than it really would like to be um to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00925-00254585-00254873 actually do things
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00926-00254873-00255082 thank you very much I believe Andre
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00927-00255083-00255346 wants to come back into the conversation
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00928-00255348-00255887 Andre
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00929-00255888-00256079 thank you I apologize I got this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00930-00256080-00256373 connected uh yes yes um so I did miss
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00931-00256373-00256541 following a question and I I do
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00932-00256542-00256721 apologize because I I get disconnected
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00933-00256721-00256967 so I hope I'm not contradicting you or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00934-00256967-00257117 or somehow answering a different
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00935-00257117-00257237 question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00936-00257238-00257417 um but but there is there's a very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00937-00257417-00257567 interesting uh point to be made here
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00938-00257567-00257723 about you know the extent the extent to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00939-00257723-00258005 which this uh this kind of um philosophy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00940-00258006-00258191 should be embedded within foreign policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00941-00258192-00258419 and within a country's foreign policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00942-00258419-00258748 rather than for example the um industry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00943-00258750-00259055 now I'm kind of leaving ngos and Civil
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00944-00259056-00259319 Society uh aside because uh for me
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00945-00259319-00259541 they're kind of part of the uh National
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00946-00259542-00259775 or government package in in this context
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00947-00259776-00259979 I'll explain myself in a second
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00948-00259980-00260165 um but for me perhaps the the best uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00949-00260166-00260339 the best way to to answer this question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00950-00260340-00260489 is to kind of look at look at look at a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00951-00260490-00260651 specific example
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00952-00260652-00261058 um and see how um how I feel that Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00953-00261059-00261401 diplomacy has allowed countries in this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00954-00261402-00261575 case the EU actually saw an entire block
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00955-00261576-00261880 to to negotiate with with the tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00956-00261881-00262145 Giants a deal which is much
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00957-00262146-00262325 significantly better for their citizens
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00958-00262326-00262517 and here I'm talking about gdpr which
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00959-00262518-00262793 obviously many many companies hate but
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00960-00262794-00263129 it's basically how the EU has has helped
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00961-00263130-00263477 it citizens data be be safeguarded and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00962-00263478-00263680 this is something which um it's not an
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00963-00263681-00263843 optional too I mean every every
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00964-00263844-00264077 multinational digital tech company that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00965-00264078-00264256 needs to operate in the EU has to abide
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00966-00264257-00264425 by the gdpr
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00967-00264426-00264737 um but it is only by uh by having
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00968-00264738-00264929 National and Supernatural entities like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00969-00264930-00265247 the EU kind of discussing with their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00970-00265248-00265475 citizens and showing them you know how
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00971-00265476-00265684 high the stakes are how how important it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00972-00265685-00265877 is to for example Safeguard your data
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00973-00265878-00266219 that then would give the citizens the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00974-00266220-00266477 power to push back against Tech Giants
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00975-00266478-00266675 and say listen we want our data to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00976-00266676-00266855 Safeguard we want our data to be to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00977-00266856-00267065 held safe we don't want our data to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00978-00267066-00267287 sold to every every any other third
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00979-00267288-00267521 party uh third party that you you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00980-00267522-00267737 you would like to use to to sell data to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00981-00267738-00268145 and this has allowed as I said to the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00982-00268146-00268534 the the the block to improve its
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00983-00268535-00268787 citizens digital lives
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00984-00268788-00268925 um in in a way which wouldn't have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00985-00268926-00269129 otherwise happened in my opinion so if
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00986-00269130-00269405 if if we left this negotiation or this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00987-00269406-00269567 discussion to the tech industry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00988-00269568-00269723 obviously a tech industry would have not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00989-00269724-00269921 made such a big deal of it because it is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00990-00269922-00270167 it is quite simply more expensive to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00991-00270168-00270395 deal with things this way and and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00992-00270396-00270617 citizens would have not perhaps been as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00993-00270618-00270851 involved and the outcry would have not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00994-00270852-00271049 perhaps been as as strong and therefore
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00995-00271050-00271253 things would have not progressed in in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00996-00271254-00271534 this in this positive way so I do see uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00997-00271535-00271691 in this very specific aspect of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00998-00271692-00271991 governance at least I do see a very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-00999-00271992-00272297 vital role for governments and National
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01000-00272298-00272453 governments and Supernatural governments
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01001-00272454-00272687 to play uh when it comes to dealing with
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01002-00272688-00272837 the tech giant so here it's kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01003-00272838-00273071 diplomacy uh for governing Tech so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01004-00273072-00273329 diplomacy for Tech uh in my in my
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01005-00273330-00273497 nomenclature
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01006-00273498-00273641 um so yeah so I just wanted to add this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01007-00273642-00273863 as a product Institute to some of this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01008-00273864-00274049 question but again I apologize I did get
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01009-00274050-00274234 disconnected so I might have missed uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01010-00274235-00274427 the rest of your intervention so I'm
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01011-00274428-00274543 sorry about that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01012-00274544-00274829 it was absolutely perfect John Jay you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01013-00274830-00275129 did it helped bring a lot of clarity
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01014-00275130-00275351 um I want to come back to Dowden I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01015-00275352-00275506 I'm going to put two questions together
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01016-00275507-00275825 as we're running out of time a little
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01017-00275826-00276041 bit uh but I'll go back to that and then
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01018-00276042-00276317 possibly to send it on this but we have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01019-00276318-00276545 one question about do you worry about
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01020-00276546-00276779 the fragmented status of digital policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01021-00276780-00277097 in Africa as a risk for Africa to become
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01022-00277098-00277339 a strong player in the Global Tech
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01023-00277340-00277721 geopolitics and by the same token um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01024-00277722-00278003 what do you see the top issues of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01025-00278004-00278321 current Tech diplomatic efforts so is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01026-00278322-00278543 that data governance is it AI is it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01027-00278544-00278795 cyber I would love to have your thoughts
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01028-00278796-00280427 on that deodor
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01029-00280428-00280597 thought
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01030-00280598-00280834 thank you for yeah all good can you hear
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01031-00280835-00281308 me
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01032-00281309-00281530 yes it's very interesting question
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01033-00281531-00281687 Melanie
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01034-00281688-00281921 um but I think to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01035-00281922-00282293 um so Senegal Senegal is now uh the um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01036-00282294-00282647 we're chairing the African Union
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01037-00282648-00282929 um and I know that there is a lot going
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01038-00282930-00283241 on on the Continental side of things so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01039-00283242-00283637 we are trying I think to be uh to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01040-00283638-00283930 consolidate not only the policies the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01041-00283931-00284363 regulations but again to align on uh the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01042-00284364-00284795 kind of interest that we have on uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01043-00284796-00285106 making sure that as Africans we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01044-00285107-00285329 moving in the same you know we're having
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01045-00285330-00285484 the same
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01046-00285485-00285832 um vision and we're executing on on on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01047-00285833-00286163 this thing but again the fact that there
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01048-00286164-00286289 is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01049-00286290-00286643 um uh different regime let's call it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01050-00286644-00287039 that way uh with some kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01051-00287040-00287419 um
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01052-00287420-00287758 countries uh leaning through you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01053-00287759-00288167 Russia is playing a big role uh in Mali
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01054-00288168-00288443 for instance while you have you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01055-00288444-00288755 China all over so there is uh I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01056-00288756-00289037 that cine talked about it uh earlier
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01057-00289038-00289282 which is that fragmentation will come
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01058-00289283-00289541 from you know uh super power playing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01059-00289542-00289921 having Africa at the playing field so uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01060-00289922-00290206 last year when we were at the FTF and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01061-00290207-00290621 then we talked about the new IP uh or uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01062-00290622-00291034 that kind of trying to push and uh so I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01063-00291035-00291145 think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01064-00291146-00291547 that we are being more and more aware of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01065-00291548-00291923 what is being what is playing on on the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01066-00291924-00292156 geopolitical side of things we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01067-00292157-00292451 understand it but for now uh I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01068-00292452-00292817 there is some kind of uh pragmatism for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01069-00292818-00293093 um the country like Senegal where we say
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01070-00293094-00293465 okay if uh we have a good offer of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01071-00293466-00293669 Huawei building the physical
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01072-00293670-00293963 infrastructure no problem and then we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01073-00293964-00294341 try to assess it and have other you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01074-00294342-00294634 other local Tech or big Tech coming in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01075-00294635-00294923 and and then play and putting their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01076-00294924-00295103 their Hardware or their software so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01077-00295104-00295343 we're trying to be pragmatic
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01078-00295344-00295601 um for now because I think that this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01079-00295602-00295817 Tech diplomacy first and a girlfriend is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01080-00295818-00296447 again uh around FDI how how we can solve
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01081-00296448-00296758 our youth employment so uh the approach
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01082-00296759-00297130 is very economical uh and being
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01083-00297131-00297430 led by the the president so that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01084-00297431-00297677 fragmentation we have it in the back of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01085-00297678-00298030 our head but what is now very what we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01086-00298031-00298367 are focusing on is how we can use the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01087-00298368-00298649 tech diplomacy to you know push the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01088-00298650-00298871 economical agenda so that's where we are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01089-00298872-00299080 at for now
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01090-00299081-00299405 thank you so much uh Cindy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01091-00299406-00299560 thanks Melanie
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01092-00299561-00299873 um so I'll speak in terms of my view on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01093-00299874-00300287 what the kind of three big issues
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01094-00300288-00300425 um where Tech diplomacy can play an
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01095-00300426-00300658 important role at a kind of pan-african
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01096-00300659-00300827 level so the first one is digital ID
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01097-00300828-00301097 like the lack of ID is just a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01098-00301098-00301327 fundamental barrier to so many people
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01099-00301328-00301660 and also for kind of governments to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01100-00301661-00302075 manage and and be in service of their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01101-00302076-00302345 populations so digital ID is one
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01102-00302346-00302530 um it has to be interoperable it has to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01103-00302531-00302680 operate internationally it has to be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01104-00302681-00302884 respected not just on on the continent
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01105-00302885-00303119 but globally
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01106-00303120-00303484 um secondly is peace and security
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01107-00303485-00303677 um so I I would I don't want that to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01108-00303678-00303953 boil down to kind of cyber security and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01109-00303954-00304139 Tech Warfare although those are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01110-00304140-00304499 important Dimensions but I think moving
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01111-00304500-00304625 beyond
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01112-00304626-00304799 um the role of tech in war but actually
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01113-00304800-00305099 the role the role that Tech can play in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01114-00305100-00305249 promoting peace in promoting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01115-00305250-00305453 understanding so that speaks to your
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01116-00305454-00305723 earlier Point around e-diplomacy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01117-00305724-00305969 um and understanding the importance of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01118-00305970-00306280 managing and protecting the narrative
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01119-00306281-00306521 um particularly toxic narratives that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01120-00306522-00306773 feed that feed that feed war and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01121-00306774-00307001 conflict um across the continent so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01122-00307002-00307193 digital ID first peace and security
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01123-00307194-00307482 second and then the final one is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01124-00307483-00307775 leveraging the digital economy for what
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01125-00307776-00307984 I would describe as productive and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01126-00307985-00308237 dignified employment unemployment across
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01127-00308238-00308549 the continent is a major problem and I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01128-00308550-00308830 think people lacking a sense of optimism
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01129-00308831-00309034 about their future and their future role
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01130-00309035-00309365 in terms of the direction of travel and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01131-00309366-00309610 I don't think that's specific to Africa
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01132-00309611-00309947 um I think I think dare I say brexit
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01133-00309948-00310204 might be an example of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01134-00310205-00310463 certain communities feeling like they
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01135-00310464-00310673 don't they they don't have a right and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01136-00310674-00310865 they they're not featured in what the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01137-00310866-00311021 future looks like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01138-00311022-00311237 um so I would so for me the three major
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01139-00311238-00311339 areas
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01140-00311340-00311597 um where I see Tech diplomacy being a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01141-00311598-00311819 powerful forces digital ID peace and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01142-00311820-00311963 security
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01143-00311964-00312113 um and dignified employment in the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01144-00312114-00312401 digital economy thanks
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01145-00312402-00312658 thank you so much
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01146-00312659-00312941 um we are nearly at time
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01147-00312942-00313193 um so the question actually on slido
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01148-00313194-00313384 with the most likes at the moment is the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01149-00313385-00313679 question of meta and Cicero and to the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01150-00313680-00313973 extent that can a machine learning
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01151-00313974-00314332 process do diplomacy better than us or
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01152-00314333-00314621 to the extent that it can be used as a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01153-00314622-00314945 tool uh I have my personal thoughts
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01154-00314946-00315239 about this both an academic that teaches
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01155-00315240-00315430 International conflict resolution and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01156-00315431-00315593 security as well as someone that teaches
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01157-00315594-00315869 International negotiation and that works
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01158-00315870-00316175 uh in this and I absolutely use all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01159-00316176-00316367 sorts of tools on this but I'm going to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01160-00316368-00316571 throw it open to the room before I have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01161-00316572-00316810 my say does anybody want to give their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01162-00316811-00317027 pennies worth on meta and Cicero at the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01163-00317028-00317245 moment
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01164-00317246-00317818 bad idea why
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01165-00317819-00319543 [Laughter]
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01166-00319544-00319853 okay she can be used as a tool for the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01167-00319854-00320065 non-diplomatic
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01168-00320066-00320729 anyone else would have that thought
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01169-00320730-00321163 shine everyone's kind of shy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01170-00321164-00321460 quickly oh sorry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01171-00321461-00321730 did I drop someone yes of course
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01172-00321731-00321934 I'm sorry okay I thought I interrupted
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01173-00321935-00322234 someone no I mean I I I agree I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01174-00322235-00322547 with the spirit with the with the spirit
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01175-00322548-00322721 that there is in the room at the moment
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01176-00322722-00322937 as far as I could gather
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01177-00322938-00323213 um my my personal opinion is uh you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01178-00323214-00323465 things like this are always always a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01179-00323466-00323791 tool which might have some applicability
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01180-00323792-00324053 and there is perhaps one direct thing
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01181-00324054-00324239 which I could I could speak to you know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01182-00324240-00324460 um one of the interesting ways of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01183-00324461-00324701 approaching any dispute is kind of uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01184-00324702-00324863 yeah so one of the Cardinal rules is
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01185-00324864-00325054 separate the people from the problem you
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01186-00325055-00325175 know separate the States from the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01187-00325176-00325360 problem and try and think about kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01188-00325361-00325565 the objective issues that have
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01189-00325566-00325895 perhaps there could be a a space for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01190-00325896-00326093 electronic tools to help us do that
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01191-00326094-00326380 perhaps you know see certain things a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01192-00326381-00326554 bit more objectively
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01193-00326555-00326903 but then beyond that I I would be scared
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01194-00326904-00327239 of of giving them any leeway
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01195-00327240-00327443 um uh having said that yeah this is very
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01196-00327444-00327629 very interesting important topic and I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01197-00327630-00327845 know that at least the Swiss Ministry of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01198-00327846-00328054 Foreign Affairs is is commissioning a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01199-00328055-00328253 study on this point uh which would be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01200-00328254-00328432 interesting to see that um even when
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01201-00328433-00328554 it's published
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01202-00328555-00328853 uh but yes I think I do agree with the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01203-00328854-00329069 spirit that perhaps there is a place for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01204-00329070-00329303 these things not quite in high stage
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01205-00329304-00329519 diplomacy though
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01206-00329520-00329860 yeah and that's just a lot of my sort of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01207-00329861-00330179 opinion on it for what it's worth
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01208-00330180-00330334 um and as they say I love gaming I use
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01209-00330335-00330508 all sorts of tools particularly my
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01210-00330509-00330763 teaching of negotiation and I've even
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01211-00330764-00331139 spent some time with students in virtual
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01212-00331140-00331379 reality platforms using seeing do people
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01213-00331380-00331613 negotiate better as an avatar or not and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01214-00331614-00331751 you know does it help them overcome
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01215-00331752-00331871 different barriers when they're in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01216-00331872-00332021 Avatar
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01217-00332022-00332249 um I'd send like Andre I think these
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01218-00332250-00332404 things can be really useful tools I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01219-00332405-00332603 think they give you useful tools for
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01220-00332604-00332939 stress testing ideas but the basic art
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01221-00332940-00333149 of diplomacy and relationship building
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01222-00333150-00333425 and understanding really what people's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01223-00333426-00333563 interests are that aren't always
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01224-00333564-00333995 expressed is not something that I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01225-00333996-00334258 machine learning has quite been able to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01226-00334259-00334469 uncover yet so you often get and people
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01227-00334470-00334667 send me all the time different types of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01228-00334668-00334858 machine learning tools where I've had
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01229-00334859-00334997 one presented to me it's like this one
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01230-00334998-00335182 can solve the Ukraine crisis like look
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01231-00335183-00335429 at the like and then I look at the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01232-00335430-00335584 caveat and it's like you know this is a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01233-00335585-00335813 tool it's like in the hands of a skilled
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01234-00335814-00336119 mediator and I think you know they're
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01235-00336120-00336317 like the postgroup there's like yes most
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01236-00336318-00336454 things in the hands of a skilled
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01237-00336455-00336887 mediator can be helpful which is why we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01238-00336888-00337156 need more skilled Tech mediators and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01239-00337157-00337445 more skilled Tech diplomats and uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01240-00337446-00337691 thinking about what we need to do to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01241-00337692-00338056 enable that both as organizations as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01242-00338057-00338404 communities as governments as academics
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01243-00338405-00338729 as where we can and where countries can
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01244-00338730-00338927 come to us with its organizations like
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01245-00338928-00339256 steps or myself or their TPI of where
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01246-00339257-00339484 they can come to and say you know what
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01247-00339485-00339689 can we do to help build this I know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01248-00339690-00339839 there's programs in the US that are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01249-00339840-00340080 going in and upskilling foreign policy
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01250-00340081-00340343 of the foreign Ministry
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01251-00340344-00340639 State Department like in teaching
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01252-00340640-00340847 diplomats there called what is a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01253-00340848-00340997 Hypersonic missile just what is it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01254-00340998-00341153 what's the technology what is it and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01255-00341154-00341369 what's the conversation around it so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01256-00341370-00341560 sometimes just opening up this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01257-00341561-00341777 conversation and upskinning and giving
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01258-00341778-00342034 the tools to be able to engage across
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01259-00342035-00342365 the full range of the tech ecosystem
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01260-00342366-00342730 um I think that that brings us to time
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01261-00342731-00342934 um do any of our speakers have any
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01262-00342935-00343193 parting comments sleep
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01263-00343194-00343379 I'll just say one thing I'm the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01264-00343380-00343582 metaverse your question I think it's a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01265-00343583-00343841 good one I think an interesting thought
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01266-00343842-00344021 experiment would be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01267-00344022-00344182 um particularly in diplomacy we know
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01268-00344183-00344375 that who you are where you come from
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01269-00344376-00344651 your accent kind of already projects a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01270-00344652-00344927 certain position and I think kind of I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01271-00344928-00345221 wonder if virtual spaces would would be
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01272-00345222-00345425 quite interesting spaces to enable
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01273-00345426-00345665 greater inclusion I guess and greater
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01274-00345666-00345995 neutrality I also think they allow a
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01275-00345996-00346169 kind of more egalitarian voice
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01276-00346170-00346349 potentially
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01277-00346350-00346756 um and I'm particularly keen on uh text
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01278-00346757-00346984 virtual spaces being used for inclusion
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01279-00346985-00347201 in terms of people with disabilities and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01280-00347202-00347345 and all of those things that kind of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01281-00347346-00347477 make us judge people and judge their
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01282-00347478-00347675 positions early on so like everyone else
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01283-00347676-00347999 I agree there's a tool I think I think
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01284-00348000-00348197 I think at the end of the day where we
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01285-00348198-00348310 are
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01286-00348311-00348449 um we still want to shake people's hands
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01287-00348450-00348623 and look them in the eye right like I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01288-00348624-00348784 think that's I think that's probably
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01289-00348785-00348917 still true so that'll be my parting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01290-00348918-00349079 comment thank you everyone
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01291-00349080-00349141 yes
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01292-00349142-00349434 [Laughter]
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01293-00349435-00349691 no but the interesting thing and I don't
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01294-00349692-00349841 know if anyone else has done any work on
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01295-00349842-00349979 the metaverse but when I was doing work
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01296-00349980-00350201 on negotiation in the metaverse and just
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01297-00350202-00350332 finding what that's interested in this
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01298-00350333-00350573 it's that point was really interesting
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01299-00350574-00350693 in the fact that there's something
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01300-00350694-00350879 called the Proteus effect about how
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01301-00350880-00351077 people choose to represent themselves in
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01302-00351078-00351358 the metaverse and if you go into sort of
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01303-00351359-00351527 the ones where you build an avatar it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01304-00351528-00351713 was really interesting people who had
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01305-00351714-00351899 disabilities for instance still choose
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01306-00351900-00352115 to represent themselves with those
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01307-00352116-00352475 disabilities in the metaverse rather
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01308-00352476-00352654 than so people still will build
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01309-00352655-00352810 themselves in wheelchairs and stuff
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01310-00352811-00353056 other than I can walk in a vetiverse so
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01311-00353057-00353254 I think that's a really interesting not
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01312-00353255-00353428 that it negates but I just think it's
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01313-00353429-00353656 the interesting PostScript so Tech has
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01314-00353657-00353830 still has lots of other offer as
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01315-00353831-00354028 teaching tools maybe as solution tools
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01316-00354029-00354232 and
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01317-00354233-00354382 um we hope
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01318-00354383-00354532 um that you find the conversation
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01319-00354533-00354719 interesting I want to take a huge thanks
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01320-00354720-00355001 to our speakers that joined us from afar
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01321-00355002-00355480 to uh Andre to dalda to Andrea who I
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01322-00355481-00355673 hope will listen to this in recording at
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01323-00355674-00355828 some point and wish he was here to give
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01324-00355829-00356008 us the Latin American Express uh
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01325-00356009-00356171 perspective but please do look up his
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01326-00356172-00356375 work I'm sure he would love to share it
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01327-00356376-00356506 or maybe we can be open to the
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01328-00356507-00356884 conversation to sneet to Rosanna to
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01329-00356885-00357023 Natalia at the back there that's been
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01330-00357024-00357251 feeding us all the questions and to all
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01331-00357252-00357419 of you for staying as I say at the end
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01332-00357420-00357658 of a long day uh thank you for making
+s-f_-uFvHM8-01333-00357659-00358028 this a super interesting conversation
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+sCcyteXLmAQ-00000-00000123-00000607 from Orlando Florida it's the cube
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00001-00000608-00001040 covering si P sapphire now 2018 brought
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00002-00001041-00001524 to you by net app
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00003-00001525-00001789 hi welcome to the cube I'm Lisa Martin
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00004-00001789-00001980 with Keith Townsend and we are with
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00005-00001982-00002223 NetApp in their boot at SVP sapphire
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00006-00002224-00002530 2018 welcoming Mike McGinn knee to the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00007-00002531-00002704 cue from sa P or the SVP of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00008-00002705-00002910 SuccessFactors service delivery and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00009-00002911-00003102 operations welcome well thank you
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00010-00003103-00003411 so SuccessFactors largest people cloud
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00011-00003413-00003610 in the world so you probably a little
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00012-00003611-00003906 bit busy just a little bit tell us about
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00013-00003907-00004086 what you're doing in success factors so
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00014-00004087-00004254 I'm responsible for the delivery and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00015-00004255-00004470 operation of the cloud service so we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00016-00004471-00004636 service all of our customers and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00017-00004637-00004924 continue to introduce new capabilities
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00018-00004925-00005215 into that cloud we support them from
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00019-00005216-00005424 payroll all the way through recruitment
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00020-00005425-00005827 basically from hire to retire so Mike
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00021-00005828-00006043 knocked your first cloud little
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00022-00006044-00006220 background history me and Mike have been
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00023-00006221-00006423 on the one of the probably one of the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00024-00006425-00006738 toughest projects politically I've ever
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00025-00006739-00006798 been on
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00026-00006800-00007134 yes definitely yeah so there's history
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00027-00007136-00007458 but great history we deliver success
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00028-00007459-00007738 you're not a your your this isn't your
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00029-00007739-00008023 first power now you build plows before
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00030-00008023-00008341 what's fundamentally different about the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00031-00008342-00008683 sa p-people cloud versus clouds you've
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00032-00008684-00009031 built in the past I think the speed the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00033-00009032-00009184 way this is accelerating both the the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00034-00009185-00009358 breadth of the capabilities that we're
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00035-00009359-00009595 offering when you think about the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00036-00009596-00009970 integrations into sa P and the growth so
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00037-00009971-00010289 that this is moving truly a cloud speed
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00038-00010290-00010516 the things that we're shooting for today
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00039-00010517-00010882 are already past right so we constantly
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00040-00010883-00011113 have to be focused you know out there on
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00041-00011114-00011310 the horizon we've got to adapt very
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00042-00011311-00011566 quickly and we've got to implement very
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00043-00011567-00011734 quickly our customers need it to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00044-00011735-00011932 accelerate their business and our
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00045-00011933-00012181 services need that that support
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00046-00012182-00012287 underneath them as well
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00047-00012288-00012514 so you guys had had this at this long
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00048-00012515-00012646 history so I'll let you guys chat in a
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00049-00012647-00012833 minute but in terms of customer
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00050-00012834-00012977 experience customer engagement customer
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00051-00012978-00013265 influence that was kind of a a lot of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00052-00013266-00013487 undertone in the keynote this morning 50
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00053-00013488-00013747 million business users on your success
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00054-00013748-00014018 factors in 60 industries how are you how
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00055-00014019-00014219 do you needing to get to the speed that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00056-00014219-00014390 you just mentioned how do you get that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00057-00014391-00014696 customer feedback to drive evolution of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00058-00014697-00014915 the product as fast as they're demanding
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00059-00014916-00015161 it well so that the product and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00060-00015162-00015613 engineering team have a whole system
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00061-00015615-00015841 around customer engagements with
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00062-00015843-00016184 delivery panels and steering committees
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00063-00016185-00016385 but from the operation side we felt it
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00064-00016386-00016630 was important as well we have a whole
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00065-00016631-00016897 organization that is focused on engaging
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00066-00016898-00017138 the customer we built our operational
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00067-00017139-00017459 centers and we do probably about 60
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00068-00017460-00017678 customer tours a year through our
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00069-00017679-00018110 operational centers we also do about 200
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00070-00018111-00018347 customer calls from the operational team
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00071-00018348-00018769 a month so globally we work with the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00072-00018770-00018919 pre-sales
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00073-00018920-00019403 the see groups and some of the other s
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00074-00019404-00019606 AP support groups to make sure that we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00075-00019607-00019756 have boots on the ground understanding
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00076-00019757-00019958 what our customers want understanding
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00077-00019959-00020138 what their experiences so we can
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00078-00020139-00020434 continue to adjust and reset the bar you
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00079-00020435-00020678 know where it needs to be so Lisa I'm
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00080-00020679-00020794 not going to dominate the conversation
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00081-00020795-00021089 Mike and probably will crack open the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00082-00021090-00021371 beer in a minute and we'll continue but
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00083-00021372-00021590 there's other hero muntins numbers from
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00084-00021591-00021887 the stage talk let's talk about the high
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00085-00021888-00022217 level first and then man Mike geek geek
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00086-00022218-00022703 out what are some other out Xers a good
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00087-00022704-00022894 question I think just some of the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00088-00022895-00023189 industries I always like to see which
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00089-00023190-00023387 industries are kind of leading edge here
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00090-00023388-00023953 so he mentioned 23,000 Hana users and 25
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00091-00023954-00024218 different industries
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00092-00024219-00024551 and I'm curious that's a lot and I'm
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00093-00024552-00024770 curious to see what some of the key use
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00094-00024771-00024995 cases are that you guys are driving with
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00095-00024996-00025271 helping some you know customers in many
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00096-00025272-00025568 industries said hire to retire what are
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00097-00025569-00025708 some of the key use cases that you're
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00098-00025710-00026050 helping those customers to to drive well
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00099-00026051-00026414 I I think we we have a good presence in
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00100-00026414-00026660 about every vertical from both the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00101-00026661-00026914 public and the private sector the suite
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00102-00026916-00027437 of tools that we have service you know
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00103-00027438-00027797 that the entire each of those use cases
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00104-00027798-00028016 I think when you start to think about
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00105-00028017-00028283 the sa p suite and the integration story
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00106-00028283-00028451 that they talked about with the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00107-00028452-00028633 intelligence and the analytics on top
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00108-00028635-00028844 that just takes it to another another
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00109-00028845-00028997 level I think that's really the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00110-00028998-00029300 underlying important message I think and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00111-00029301-00029491 that's what's gonna help not only
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00112-00029492-00029822 success factors but si P continue to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00113-00029823-00030167 drive and lead across the board so can
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00114-00030168-00030427 we talk a little bit about customer
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00115-00030429-00030680 interaction I think traditionally you've
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00116-00030681-00030986 served up infrastructures to developers
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00117-00030987-00031301 directly but a lot of cases York direct
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00118-00031302-00031573 customer may be an actual business user
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00119-00031574-00031990 looking to transform digital how talk
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00120-00031991-00032245 about the experience the difference and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00121-00032247-00032417 experience of running the cloud that was
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00122-00032418-00032608 consumed by other technologies to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00123-00032610-00032869 potentially run in the cloud this
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00124-00032870-00033149 federal people are thinking about people
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00125-00033150-00033332 and customers yeah that's a great
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00126-00033333-00033554 question because these are business
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00127-00033555-00033767 critical activities you think about
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00128-00033768-00034019 something like learning right that's
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00129-00034020-00034304 used to certify pilots before they they
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00130-00034305-00034394 can takeoff
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00131-00034395-00034676 so we can actually the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00132-00034677-00034877 availability and the delivery of that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00133-00034878-00035102 service is critical
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00134-00035103-00035324 large amusement parks have to certify
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00135-00035325-00035558 all the ride handlers so this thing has
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00136-00035559-00035921 to be available 24 by 7 365 days a week
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00137-00035922-00036135 and that's just something like learning
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00138-00036136-00036314 when you think about some of the other
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00139-00036315-00036585 facets they are entrenched in our
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00140-00036586-00037064 customers modern business processes and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00141-00037065-00037343 they're they're all critical so when we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00142-00037344-00037496 look at these we have to look at them
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00143-00037497-00037820 like we used to some of the most
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00144-00037821-00038045 critical functions in the in the backend
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00145-00038046-00038504 so we run them like you would a from an
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00146-00038505-00038651 operational perspective like a bank
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00147-00038652-00038921 right with that resilience those
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00148-00038922-00039269 practices that focus but we also have to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00149-00039270-00039554 do it at the speed of class I'm just
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00150-00039555-00039692 gonna ask that question yeah you know
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00151-00039693-00039902 you have two competing episodes you know
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00152-00039903-00040214 I like to well people say sa P processes
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00153-00040215-00040436 70% of the transaction in the world it
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00154-00040437-00040682 is has been called the cash register of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00155-00040683-00041039 the child it is the ultimate system of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00156-00041040-00041219 record therefore should never be touched
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00157-00041220-00041570 however we have to move fast we have to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00158-00041571-00041774 digitally transform there are commercial
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00159-00041775-00042026 MDS that want to build to new
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00160-00042027-00042365 applications on Fiori etc there are
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00161-00042366-00042587 other business integrations how do you
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00162-00042588-00042887 how do you waive those to what seems
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00163-00042888-00043175 like competing interests but I think
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00164-00043176-00043385 Bert laid out the data strategy and how
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00165-00043386-00043458 we're going
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00166-00043459-00043645 integrate the data across the sweep and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00167-00043646-00043927 that's going to be the key right instead
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00168-00043928-00044080 of integrating and pointing to we're
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00169-00044081-00044265 going to have single sources of data
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00170-00044266-00044474 where where data is going to reside
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00171-00044475-00044683 we're going to use that as a system a
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00172-00044684-00044902 record as the suite evolves that will
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00173-00044903-00045160 give it that the data integrity that it
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00174-00045161-00045367 needs also the performance and an
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00175-00045368-00045517 integration perspective
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00176-00045518-00045757 so we're sponsored by the data driven
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00177-00045758-00046117 company and NetApp who is powering one
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00178-00046118-00046330 of the most powerful data platforms on
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00179-00046331-00046521 the planet s AP talked about the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00180-00046522-00046740 relationship the importance of NetApp's
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00181-00046741-00047095 nana vision is supporting so-so NetApp
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00182-00047096-00047392 was was here at sa p long before I
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00183-00047393-00047683 started but I have a probably a 20 year
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00184-00047684-00048024 player he's 17 to 20 year history with
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00185-00048025-00048276 that out and you know data is critical
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00186-00048277-00048580 right the storage the access the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00187-00048581-00048927 performance and they've been a critical
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00188-00048928-00049239 part of almost every architecture I've
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00189-00049240-00049417 worked on today
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00190-00049418-00049599 rock solid performance rock salt
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00191-00049600-00049804 reliability but more important to me is
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00192-00049805-00050115 the partnership with the company and the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00193-00050116-00050364 support that we get not just on the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00194-00050365-00050473 stuff that we're doing today but
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00195-00050474-00050668 thinking about how we're going to change
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00196-00050669-00050902 in the future and supporting us as we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00197-00050903-00051160 evolve and helping us plan and think
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00198-00051161-00051396 through that as well one of the things
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00199-00051397-00051666 that that bill talked about this morning
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00200-00051667-00052013 as well is getting to this fourth gen of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00201-00052014-00052273 customer experience but these
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00202-00052274-00052462 expectations we talked about speed that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00203-00052463-00052629 it's everything has to be done yesterday
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00204-00052630-00052876 right how are you guys working with net
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00205-00052877-00053110 up delivering that fourth generation
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00206-00053111-00053329 customer experience internally and to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00207-00053329-00053590 your 50 million business users well I
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00208-00053591-00053773 think you touched on bits and pieces of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00209-00053774-00054091 it it's a it's a whole suite of all
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00210-00054091-00054410 right size it's a whole it's a whole
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00211-00054411-00054847 a program of plans right between fury
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00212-00054848-00055047 right you know all those things in the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00213-00055048-00055101 front end
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00214-00055102-00055269 where the customer touches but in the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00215-00055270-00055443 back end it's about speed and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00216-00055444-00055626 reliability to their data right
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00217-00055627-00055860 so our architectures are sick are
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00218-00055861-00056111 getting simplified our data is getting
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00219-00056112-00056365 condensed right we need the compliance
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00220-00056366-00056562 pieces and that's where NetApp kind of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00221-00056563-00057046 play a core role in those pieces so back
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00222-00057047-00057251 in traditional infrastructures and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00223-00057252-00057555 operations we could tell speeds and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00224-00057556-00057792 scenes there's one of the best features
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00225-00057793-00057960 of why you should use one service or
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00226-00057961-00058254 another as you strap the way everyone
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00227-00058255-00058569 expects fees and speeds and fees what
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00228-00058570-00058899 are some of the value props or kpi's for
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00229-00058900-00059260 your new environment so we've really
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00230-00059261-00059424 shifted right so one of the things that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00231-00059425-00059693 we've done done is we've actually added
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00232-00059694-00060078 operational intelligence so we have
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00233-00060079-00060357 basically a brain that sits on top of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00234-00060358-00060703 our cloud environment it looks at all of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00235-00060704-00060963 the transactions it filters out all the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00236-00060964-00061191 noise so the speeds and feeds are part
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00237-00061192-00061410 of a now a service or a business
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00238-00061411-00061632 function that we're delivering that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00239-00061633-00061873 metric down by itself is important but
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00240-00061874-00062087 unless you can correlate it to some
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00241-00062088-00062323 business impact or something happening
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00242-00062324-00062541 it doesn't really have the weight that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00243-00062542-00062592 it needs
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00244-00062593-00062835 right so now what we're looking at is is
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00245-00062836-00063024 we've ingested and mapped all of the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00246-00063025-00063297 business transactions we can proactively
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00247-00063298-00063598 focus on the ones so we filter out 99
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00248-00063599-00063891 and change percent of the noise and then
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00249-00063892-00064149 we prorate the things that we need to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00250-00064150-00064459 kind of pivot and focus on we have three
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00251-00064460-00064632 global operational centers around the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00252-00064633-00064905 world one in Budapest one in Bangalore
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00253-00064906-00064994 and one
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00254-00064995-00065291 Weston and then we have a global
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00255-00065291-00065474 operation center that sits on the top so
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00256-00065475-00065747 the regionals sit in the region and they
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00257-00065748-00065924 look at all of that feedback from that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00258-00065925-00066313 intelligence so so getting those key
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00259-00066314-00066581 performance indicators out of the system
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00260-00066582-00066950 as I looked at LinkedIn I look at some
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00261-00066951-00067190 of the common folks we have you have a
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00262-00067191-00067361 pretty consistent core team that used
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00263-00067362-00067562 that that supported you over the past
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00264-00067563-00067841 two or three different major iterations
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00265-00067842-00068203 yep you've done talks through how
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00266-00068204-00068609 collectively your team has looked at new
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00267-00068610-00068843 innovations and operation to delivery
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00268-00068844-00069119 such as DevOps and you've changed the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00269-00069120-00069545 way that your core team approaches these
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00270-00069546-00069755 challenges and the outcomes that you've
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00271-00069756-00069992 made in the real life yeah so for us
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00272-00069993-00070382 it's about you know the architecture and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00273-00070383-00070645 technology evolves as it evolves it
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00274-00070646-00070912 makes a few things simpler it also
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00275-00070913-00071195 introduces some usually more complex
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00276-00071196-00071495 challenges but it's mitigating risk
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00277-00071496-00071719 delivering performance and reliability
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00278-00071720-00072506 and maturing your actions so if we do
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00279-00072507-00072683 those basic things as we mature the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00280-00072684-00072911 technology underneath we can drive that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00281-00072912-00073145 so the team has been focused on when we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00282-00073146-00073414 think about DevOps we think about
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00283-00073415-00073802 delivering seamlessly new capabilities
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00284-00073803-00074144 features into the cloud how do we do
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00285-00074145-00074477 that with and minimize risk and do it
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00286-00074478-00074654 automation through automation and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00287-00074655-00074936 seamless right so it's how we segmented
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00288-00074937-00075104 the application how we built the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00289-00075105-00075308 resilience and how our processes
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00290-00075309-00075704 understand and validate and be able to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00291-00075705-00076049 stand in if something happens I'm
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00292-00076050-00076196 wondering on that from maybe a pivot as
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00293-00076197-00076388 we talk about often times at different
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00294-00076389-00076703 events whether we're talking about you
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00295-00076704-00076877 know advanced analytics or data science
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00296-00076878-00077222 skills gap or you know I think bill even
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00297-00077223-00077402 sound like upskilling I think everyone
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00298-00077403-00077546 this morning I'm curious as you were
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00299-00077547-00077729 saying that the folks that you've been
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00300-00077730-00077843 working with for a long time on
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00301-00077844-00078002 different projects what are some of the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00302-00078003-00078308 the skills that they're able to you may
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00303-00078309-00078590 be able to enable them to learn be by
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00304-00078591-00078755 being part of s8p is it something that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00305-00078756-00078974 helps accelerate their ability to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00306-00078975-00079220 develop even better more competitive
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00307-00079221-00079322 products yeah
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00308-00079323-00079649 so s EP has a one of the best talent
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00309-00079650-00079919 pools I've ever seen across write some
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00310-00079920-00080168 very brilliant people in every business
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00311-00080169-00080393 life so there's there's best practices
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00312-00080394-00080738 that can be learned from everything that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00313-00080739-00081002 we do right so all you have to do is be
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00314-00081003-00081290 able to have the conversations and look
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00315-00081291-00081557 around bringing when we brought the team
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00316-00081558-00082041 in about two years ago we did a whole
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00317-00082042-00082272 skills analysis gap analysis the skills
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00318-00082273-00082475 that we had we read looked at our
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00319-00082476-00082767 operating model created a new operating
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00320-00082768-00083061 model that was enabling us to evolve
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00321-00083062-00083280 from an operational perspective and then
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00322-00083281-00083541 put plans in place and use the tools
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00323-00083542-00083993 that we sell right to help deliver
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00324-00083994-00084306 development to the team so basically we
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00325-00084307-00084563 became our own customer we drove
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00326-00084564-00084900 development of upskilling our existing
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00327-00084901-00085143 resources and we supplemented where
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00328-00085144-00085386 needed and we also hold from the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00329-00085387-00085656 collective knowledge of SA P so doing
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00330-00085657-00085887 those three things helped us really
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00331-00085888-00086172 accelerate and and execute something
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00332-00086173-00086430 that typically would take you know three
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00333-00086431-00086784 years in less than 12 months last
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00334-00086785-00087038 question Mike for you this morning's
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00335-00087039-00087246 energetic keynote we've talked about a
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00336-00087247-00087597 number of times already today really I
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00337-00087598-00087812 think somebody on the show earlier said
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00338-00087813-00088026 likened to Bill mederma to kind of
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00339-00088027-00088191 really an evangelist which is really
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00340-00088192-00088335 refreshing you don't see a lot of sea
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00341-00088336-00088512 levels that are that where you can feel
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00342-00088513-00088770 and kind of see their passion they suv's
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00343-00088771-00088917 been very vocal for a while but really
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00344-00088918-00089181 wanting to disrupt the marketplace for
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00345-00089182-00089421 CRM some big news coming out today I'm
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00346-00089422-00089634 just wondering kind of culturally to
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00347-00089635-00089910 wrap this up what excites you about this
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00348-00089911-00090249 train that you're on an SAT why I think
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00349-00090250-00090441 that the message is electrifying
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00350-00090442-00090792 and inside of sa P you feel that right
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00351-00090793-00091041 so we've been feeling it as these bits
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00352-00091042-00091191 and pieces have been coming out over the
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00353-00091192-00091458 last year so this is just a culmination
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00354-00091459-00091695 of all the little pieces that we've
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00355-00091696-00092001 known inside and were able to share
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00356-00092002-00092259 externally so I'm extremely excited
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00357-00092260-00092542 about where we're at and what
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00358-00092543-00092799 and obviously anytime I get to hear Bill
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00359-00092800-00093099 speak it just amplifies it yeah that
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00360-00093100-00093316 energy was really could feel it from
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00361-00093317-00093523 wherever you were it was awesome so Mike
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00362-00093524-00093657 thanks so much for stopping by and
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00363-00093658-00093807 catching up with your old buddy Keith
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00364-00093808-00094003 and me and sharing what you guys are
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00365-00094004-00094135 doing with SuccessFactors that's like
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00366-00094136-00094315 excellent thank you very much oh sorry
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00367-00094316-00094540 and thanks for watching the cube Lisa
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00368-00094541-00094755 Martin with Keith Townsend from sa peace
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00369-00094756-00094950 a fire in the nettop booth thanks for
+sCcyteXLmAQ-00370-00094951-00095187 watching
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00000-00000524-00000872 hi this is a good idea scan at the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00001-00000873-00001091 moment I'm at singularity University in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00002-00001092-00001378 the heart of Silicon Valley at the NASA
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00003-00001379-00001838 a message park i am with vivek he's
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00004-00001839-00002180 ahead of research and innovation of a
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00005-00002181-00002489 single universe team hello hi nice to be
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00006-00002490-00002917 talking to you thank you I remember that
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00007-00002918-00003272 the value decided to leave Harvard and
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00008-00003272-00003563 join singler team I do like the way that
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00009-00003564-00003781 you were like a telling no reason and i
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00010-00003782-00004070 would like to share with people well you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00011-00004071-00004325 know when you are in academia when you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00012-00004326-00004561 live in most places you get very
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00013-00004562-00004751 pessimistic about the future because you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00014-00004752-00004945 only see a little little tiny fraction
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00015-00004946-00005095 of it when i came to single at
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00016-00005096-00005306 university with for the first time I was
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00017-00005307-00005570 completely blown away when I learned the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00018-00005571-00005743 advances that are happening in medicine
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00019-00005744-00006191 in energy in computing nanotechnology I
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00020-00006192-00006326 started learning more and more about it
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00021-00006327-00006706 and I was completely astonished at how
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00022-00006708-00006928 fast things were moving and then I
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00023-00006929-00007084 started realizing the opportunities that
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00024-00007086-00007328 exist to save the world will lead us to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00025-00007329-00007619 to solve the world's problems and that's
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00026-00007620-00007784 why I spend so much time with single our
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00027-00007784-00008006 universities has become my my primary
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00028-00008006-00008198 base i'm also at Stanford and Duke and
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00029-00008199-00008426 Emory and I do a lot of other things but
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00030-00008427-00008660 this is my passion is the future of
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00031-00008661-00008889 technology and trying to motivate
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00032-00008890-00009131 entrepreneurs all over the world to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00033-00009132-00009556 start solving big problems and we are in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00034-00009557-00009866 the heart of Silicon Valley and the SS
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00035-00009867-00010024 of the culture is quite different than
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00036-00010025-00010313 the rest and how do you describe it it's
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00037-00010314-00010528 a culture of openness sharing
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00038-00010529-00010996 risk-taking optimism you know believing
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00039-00010997-00011144 that you can change the world this is
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00040-00011145-00011288 that's the beauty about Silicon Valley
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00041-00011289-00011471 and you don't see this anywhere else in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00042-00011472-00011656 the world you have optimistic people in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00043-00011657-00011894 the world but then people don't share
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00044-00011895-00012041 with each other they don't they don't
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00045-00012042-00012299 trust each other you have people to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00046-00012300-00012449 trust each other and then they're
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00047-00012450-00012638 pessimistic they're all sort of they're
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00048-00012639-00012841 all dragging each other down they don't
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00049-00012842-00013027 have the resources that you have in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00050-00013028-00013147 Silicon Valley this is why silicon
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00051-00013148-00013358 valley is the most amazing place in the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00052-00013359-00013385 world
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00053-00013386-00013661 if you can be here and there how do you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00054-00013662-00013904 see emerging markets from here because
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00055-00013905-00014222 it's different looking it from you know
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00056-00014222-00014519 for example with India let's just take
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00057-00014519-00014651 indy as an example and the same thing
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00058-00014652-00014888 applies to Turkey and the Middle East
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00059-00014888-00015143 and many others India's about to undergo
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00060-00015144-00015326 a revolution in technology like nowhere
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00061-00015327-00015452 else in the world what happened here
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00062-00015453-00015587 during the dot-com boom with the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00063-00015588-00015749 Internet boom is going to happen there
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00064-00015750-00015941 because they're producing cheap tablets
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00065-00015941-00016072 those cheap tablets going to be
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00066-00016074-00016244 available everywhere so suddenly you'll
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00067-00016244-00016412 have devices that cost thirty or forty
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00068-00016413-00016592 dollars they connect people to the world
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00069-00016593-00016766 you're going to have three billion more
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00070-00016767-00016943 people coming online which means that
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00071-00016944-00017051 you're going to have an Internet boom
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00072-00017052-00017267 you can have a social media boom you're
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00073-00017268-00017408 going to now have transmission in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00074-00017409-00017702 societies in attitudes and so on so the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00075-00017703-00017867 opportunity is in the developing world
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00076-00017868-00018116 to start using these technologies to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00077-00018117-00018341 solve not only the own problems but the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00078-00018342-00018521 exponent of their country and the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00079-00018522-00018659 problems of the world this is the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00080-00018660-00018893 exciting thing that's part of this is
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00081-00018894-00019106 why what's possible today do you think
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00082-00019107-00019322 technology developed in in Silicon
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00083-00019323-00019667 Valley somehow will help the world's
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00084-00019668-00019894 problems mainly in emerging market or
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00085-00019895-00020147 basically say the disc Alicia question
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00086-00020148-00020411 can secure will they save the world you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00087-00020412-00020663 know the I'm so optimistic about Silicon
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00088-00020664-00020780 Valley say good things about Silicon
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00089-00020781-00020950 Valley but Silicon Valley is also
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00090-00020951-00021161 imperfect the Silicon Valley focuses on
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00091-00021162-00021319 its own problems it doesn't understand
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00092-00021320-00021524 the needs of the developing world so the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00093-00021525-00021728 opportunity here is for people in the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00094-00021729-00021899 developing world to drop their own
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00095-00021900-00022075 problems why does why do people in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00096-00022076-00022208 Turkey have to depend on people in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00097-00022209-00022484 Silicon Valley to do that they can learn
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00098-00022485-00022622 the advances that are happening over
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00099-00022623-00022784 here right now the beauty of of
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00100-00022785-00022997 technologies is that they've democratize
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00101-00022998-00023165 the same knowledge that's available here
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00102-00023166-00023366 is available anywhere in everywhere else
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00103-00023367-00023537 in the world because of the internet so
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00104-00023538-00023944 that entrepreneurs in in the turkey the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00105-00023945-00024281 Middle East Africa India China can start
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00106-00024282-00024440 learning about the advances that are
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00107-00024441-00024581 happening a Silicon Valley and applying
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00108-00024582-00024772 them to their own countries and solving
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00109-00024773-00024905 their own problems and they'll probably
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00110-00024906-00025139 come up with many better ideas then the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00111-00025140-00025361 the Silicon Valley can come up for their
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00112-00025362-00025541 needs so silicon valley will continue to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00113-00025542-00025793 two lead in innovation and come up with
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00114-00025794-00026095 amazing ideas it will not come up with
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00115-00026097-00026261 practical solutions for the developing
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00116-00026262-00026444 world that's what entrepreneurs have to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00117-00026445-00026750 do come up with their own
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00118-00026751-00026888 so you know they know they know their
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00119-00026889-00027064 own problems one of the teams here at
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00120-00027066-00027206 singularity University which I'm helping
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00121-00027207-00027551 is taking is creating a roadmap for
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00122-00027552-00027818 women in Latin America they basically
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00123-00027819-00027958 teaching them how they can grow their
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00124-00027960-00028120 small businesses into middle businesses
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00125-00028122-00028337 how they can network with each other how
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00126-00028338-00028556 they can form groups it's providing them
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00127-00028557-00028795 with basic knowledge about businesses
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00128-00028797-00029014 and rules and things like that and it's
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00129-00029016-00029141 giving them tablets so that they can
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00130-00029142-00029276 connect with each other we're taking
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00131-00029277-00029522 tablets from India to Latin America to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00132-00029523-00029701 enable them to solve their own problems
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00133-00029702-00029918 so this is what's possible right now
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00134-00029919-00030167 using you know what you learn here in
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00135-00030168-00030314 Silicon Valley applying it to the needs
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00136-00030314-00030527 of Latin American women because the
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00137-00030527-00030707 women if they have different needs and
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00138-00030708-00030875 different problems then the women over
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00139-00030876-00031091 here have my last question is about your
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00140-00031092-00031462 last book or immigrant excess and then
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00141-00031463-00031673 you are really leading with these
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00142-00031674-00031931 discussions in us and talking to many
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00143-00031932-00032245 people what's your observations so far
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00144-00032247-00032480 and then your motivation basically
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00145-00032481-00032735 behind this you know when people think
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00146-00032736-00032876 of Silicon Valley thing you California
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00147-00032877-00033136 they think that it's ruled by Americans
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00148-00033137-00033317 fifty-two percent of the started with
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00149-00033318-00033422 Silicon Valley were founded by
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00150-00033423-00033653 immigrants people born abroad the reason
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00151-00033654-00033905 why silicon valley thrives is because
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00152-00033906-00034064 the people like you and me over here who
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00153-00034065-00034286 come here who speak different languages
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00154-00034287-00034538 who have different experiences who now
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00155-00034539-00034717 are very highly motivated to succeed
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00156-00034718-00035063 they work together with EGA work with
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00157-00035064-00035201 each other and then they work with
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00158-00035202-00035420 Americans and that creates a culture of
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00159-00035421-00035873 sharing and competition and it equates a
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00160-00035874-00036059 magic that you can't replicate anywhere
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00161-00036060-00036323 else in the world so this is you know
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00162-00036324-00036500 the amazing thing over again this is
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00163-00036501-00036635 what we need to start doing in other
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00164-00036636-00036821 countries is to start getting people to
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00165-00036822-00037016 share information to help each other and
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00166-00037017-00037256 to solve big problems okay thank you
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00167-00037257-00037583 very much
+sDkMHc6OqS8-00168-00037584-00037790 you
+sDmneerqGzI-00000-00001639-00001887 i
+sDmneerqGzI-00001-00001888-00001975 don't
+sDmneerqGzI-00002-00001976-00002375 think you'll ever know
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+sDmneerqGzI-00004-00002791-00003711 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00005-00003711-00004015 how much you've helped me keep it
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+sDmneerqGzI-00007-00004274-00005903 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00008-00005904-00006942 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00009-00006943-00008263 keeping me safe
+sDmneerqGzI-00010-00008264-00008999 keeping me safe
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+sDmneerqGzI-00019-00015472-00016655 no
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+sDmneerqGzI-00021-00016951-00018128 you
+sDmneerqGzI-00022-00018129-00018152 [Applause]
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+sDmneerqGzI-00031-00026683-00026895 i don't
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+sDmneerqGzI-00033-00027304-00027720 how much you've changed
+sDmneerqGzI-00035-00030829-00031535 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00036-00031536-00031862 keeping me safe and soon
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+sDmneerqGzI-00040-00036434-00036460 [Applause]
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+sDmneerqGzI-00046-00041581-00042158 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00047-00042159-00043052 in
+sDmneerqGzI-00048-00043053-00043077 [Applause]
+sDmneerqGzI-00049-00043078-00044373 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00050-00044374-00044546 [Applause]
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+sDmneerqGzI-00055-00051271-00051570 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00056-00051571-00051735 i
+sDmneerqGzI-00057-00051736-00052223 don't think you'll ever know
+sDmneerqGzI-00058-00052224-00052645 how much you've changed
+sDmneerqGzI-00059-00052646-00053559 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00060-00053560-00053863 how much you've helped me keep it
+sDmneerqGzI-00061-00053864-00054199 together
+sDmneerqGzI-00062-00054200-00054535 and when i was
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+sDmneerqGzI-00064-00055753-00056454 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00065-00056455-00058894 keeping me safe
+sDmneerqGzI-00066-00058895-00059591 me
+sDmneerqGzI-00067-00059592-00061357 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00068-00061358-00061384 [Applause]
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+sDmneerqGzI-00073-00065776-00066143 except you
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+sDmneerqGzI-00076-00067416-00067977 let me say
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+sDmneerqGzI-00145-00120767-00120890 oh
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+sDmneerqGzI-00148-00123615-00124599 [Music]
+sDmneerqGzI-00149-00124600-00124808 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00000-00000050-00000380 Oregon listen Oh our IGN is a state in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00001-00000381-00000574 the Pacific Northwest region on the west
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00002-00000575-00000736 coast of the United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00003-00000737-00001000 the Columbia River delineates much of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00004-00001001-00001160 Oregon's northern boundary along
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00005-00001161-00001324 Washington State while the Snake River
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00006-00001325-00001544 delineates much of its eastern boundary
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00007-00001545-00001864 along Idaho the parallel 42 degrees
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00008-00001866-00002063 north delineates the southern boundary
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00009-00002064-00002363 with California and Nevada Oregon is one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00010-00002364-00002527 of only three states of the contiguous
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00011-00002528-00002747 United States to have the coastline on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00012-00002748-00003038 the Pacific Ocean Oregon was inhabited
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00013-00003039-00003293 by many indigenous tribes before Western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00014-00003294-00003520 traders explorers and settlers arrived
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00015-00003521-00003794 an autonomous government was formed in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00016-00003795-00004058 the Oregon country in 1843 before the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00017-00004059-00004366 Oregon Territory was created in 1848
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00018-00004367-00004649 Oregon became the 33rd state On February
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00019-00004650-00005126 14th 1859 today at 98 thousand square
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00020-00005127-00005474 miles 250,000 square kilometres Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00021-00005475-00005629 is the ninth largest and with a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00022-00005630-00005825 population of four million twenty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00023-00005826-00006106 seventh most populous u.s. state the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00024-00006107-00006308 capital Salem is the second most
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00025-00006309-00006758 populous city in Oregon with 160 4549
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00026-00006759-00007231 residents Portland with 630 2309
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00027-00007233-00007469 residents is the most populous and ranks
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00028-00007470-00007696 as the 26th most populous city in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00029-00007697-00007955 United States the Portland metropolitan
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00030-00007956-00008203 area which also includes the City of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00031-00008204-00008414 Vancouver Washington to the north ranks
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00032-00008415-00008642 the 23rd largest metro area in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00033-00008643-00008842 nation with a population of 2 million
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00034-00008843-00009196 380 9228
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00035-00009197-00009452 Oregon is one of the most geographically
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00036-00009453-00009659 diverse states in the u.s. marked by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00037-00009660-00009914 volcanoes abundant bodies of water dense
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00038-00009915-00010130 evergreen and mixed forests as well as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00039-00010131-00010342 high deserts and semi-arid shrublands
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00040-00010343-00010763 at 11,000 249 feet three thousand four
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00041-00010764-00010970 hundred twenty nine meters Mount Hood a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00042-00010971-00011185 stratovolcano is the state's highest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00043-00011186-00011253 point
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00044-00011254-00011521 Oregon's only National Park Crater Lake
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00045-00011522-00011762 National Park comprises the caldera
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00046-00011763-00011966 surrounding Crater Lake the deepest lake
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00047-00011967-00012238 in the United States the state is also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00048-00012239-00012463 home to the single largest organism in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00049-00012464-00012742 the world our malaria OCI a fungus that
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00050-00012743-00013096 runs beneath 2,200 acres 8.9 square
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00051-00013097-00013229 kilometers of the Malheur National
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00052-00013230-00013363 Forest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00053-00013365-00013567 of its diverse landscapes in waterways
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00054-00013568-00013811 Oregon's economy is largely powered by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00055-00013812-00014050 various forms of agriculture fishing and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00056-00014051-00014369 hydroelectric power Oregon is also the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00057-00014369-00014549 top timber producer of the contiguous
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00058-00014550-00014744 United States and the timber industry
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00059-00014744-00014966 dominated the state's economy in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00060-00014966-00015283 20th century technology is another one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00061-00015284-00015472 of Oregon's major economic forces
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00062-00015473-00015694 beginning in the 1970s with the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00063-00015695-00015928 establishment of the Silicon Forest and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00064-00015929-00016130 the expansion of Tektronix in Intel
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00065-00016131-00016316 sportswear company Nike Inc
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00066-00016316-00016505 headquartered in Beaverton is the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00067-00016506-00016721 state's largest public corporation with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00068-00016722-00016919 an annual revenue of thirty point six
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00069-00016920-00017086 billion dollars like its northern
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00070-00017087-00017294 neighbor Washington Oregon is one of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00071-00017295-00017483 most socially progressive states in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00072-00017484-00017783 country same-sex marriage in Oregon was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00073-00017784-00018028 recognized in 2013 before it's full
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00074-00018029-00018230 legalization in 2015
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00075-00018231-00018446 cannabis is legal for recreational and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00076-00018447-00018661 medicinal use in the state and assisted
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00077-00018662-00019412 suicide is also permitted by line Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00078-00019413-00019944 topic etymology
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00079-00019945-00020194 the earliest evidence of the name Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00080-00020195-00020508 has Spanish origins the term or a hone
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00081-00020509-00020745 comes from the historical chronicle
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00082-00020746-00021030 relation de la alta y Baja California
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00083-00021031-00021267 1598 written by the new Spaniard
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00084-00021268-00021469 Roderigo mode azuma and made reference
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00085-00021470-00021655 to the Columbia River when the Spanish
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00086-00021656-00021850 explorers penetrated into the actual
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00087-00021851-00022053 North American territory that became
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00088-00022054-00022230 part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00089-00022231-00022452 this Chronicle is the first
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00090-00022453-00022675 topographical and linguistic source with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00091-00022676-00022936 respect to the place name Oregon there
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00092-00022937-00023149 are also two other sources with Spanish
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00093-00023150-00023371 origins such as the name oregano which
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00094-00023372-00023556 grows in the southern part of the region
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00095-00023557-00023817 it is most probable that the American
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00096-00023818-00024019 territory was named by the Spaniards as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00097-00024020-00024222 there are some populations in Spain such
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00098-00024223-00024574 as Arroyo del Oregon which is situated
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00099-00024575-00024789 in the province of Ciudad real also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00100-00024790-00024945 considering that the individualization
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00101-00024946-00025294 in Spanish language L or a hone with the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00102-00025295-00025674 mutation of the letter G instead of je
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00103-00025675-00025933 another early use of the name spelled
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00104-00025933-00026251 Oregon was in a 1765 petitioned by major
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00105-00026252-00026443 Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00106-00026444-00026680 Britain the term referred to the then
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00107-00026681-00026877 mythical River of the West the columbia
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00108-00026878-00027252 river by 1778 the spelling had shifted
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00109-00027253-00027601 to Oregon in his 1765 petition Rodgers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00110-00027602-00028008 wrote the route SiC less than pre
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00111-00028009-00028204 greater than slash pre greater than dot
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00112-00028205-00028402 dot dot is from the Great Lakes towards
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00113-00028402-00028564 the head of the Mississippi and from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00114-00028564-00028693 thence to the river called by the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00115-00028694-00029058 Indians Oregon one theory is that the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00116-00029059-00029242 name comes from the French word Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00117-00029243-00029617 wind storm or hurricane which was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00118-00029618-00029793 applied to the river of the West based
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00119-00029794-00029998 on Native American tales of powerful
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00120-00029999-00030139 chinook winds on the Lower Columbia
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00121-00030139-00030390 River or perhaps from firsthand French
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00122-00030391-00030574 experience with the chinook winds of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00123-00030575-00030849 Great Plains at the time the river of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00124-00030850-00031033 the West was thought to rise in western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00125-00031033-00031201 Minnesota and flow west through the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00126-00031202-00031443 Great Plains Joaquin Miller explained in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00127-00031444-00031737 Sunset magazine in 1904 how Oregon's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00128-00031738-00032035 name was derived the name Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00129-00032036-00032287 rounded down phonetically from oral agua
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00130-00032288-00032664 agua Oregon Oregon given probably by the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00131-00032665-00032875 same Portuguese navigator that named the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00132-00032876-00033076 Farallones after his first officer and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00133-00033077-00033274 it literally in a large way means
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00134-00033275-00033331 cascade
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00135-00033332-00033526 here the waters you should steam up the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00136-00033527-00033718 Columbia and hear and feel the waters
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00137-00033719-00033883 falling out of the clouds of Mount Hood
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00138-00033884-00034075 to understand entirely the full meaning
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00139-00034076-00034405 of the name or Illig wa Oregon another
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00140-00034406-00034633 account endorsed as the most plausible
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00141-00034634-00034906 explanation in the book Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00142-00034907-00035137 Geographic Names was advanced by George
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00143-00035138-00035446 r Stewart in a 1944 article in American
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00144-00035447-00035701 speech according to Stewart the name
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00145-00035702-00035911 came from an engravers error in a French
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00146-00035912-00036106 map published in the early 18th century
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00147-00036107-00036361 on which the weazy Kahn sink Wisconsin
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00148-00036362-00036700 River was spelled wara concent broken on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00149-00036701-00036904 two lines with the cent below so there
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00150-00036905-00037057 appeared to be a river flowing to the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00151-00037058-00037435 west named warrick on according to the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00152-00037436-00037630 Oregon Tourism Commission present-day
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00153-00037631-00037837 Oregonians pronounced the state's name
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00154-00037838-00038245 as or a gun never re gone after being
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00155-00038246-00038503 drafted by the Detroit Lions in 2002
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00156-00038504-00038725 former Oregon Ducks quarterback Joey
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00157-00038726-00039043 Harrington distributed Oregon stickers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00158-00039044-00039235 to members of the media as a reminder of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00159-00039236-00039394 how to pronounce the name of his home
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00160-00039395-00039631 state the stickers are sold by the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00161-00039632-00040290 University of Oregon bookstore
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00162-00040291-00040830 topic geography
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00163-00040831-00041298 Oregon does 295 miles 475 kilometers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00164-00041299-00041526 north to south at longest distance and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00165-00041527-00041967 395 miles 636 kilometers east to west at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00166-00041968-00042264 longest distance with an area of 98
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00167-00042265-00042532 thousand 381 square miles
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00168-00042533-00042717 two hundred fifty four thousand eight
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00169-00042718-00042951 hundred ten square kilometers Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00170-00042952-00043143 slightly larger than the United Kingdom
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00171-00043144-00043386 it is the ninth largest state in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00172-00043387-00043488 United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00173-00043489-00043710 Oregon's highest point as the summit of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00174-00043711-00043899 Mount Hood at eleven thousand two
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00175-00043900-00044101 hundred forty nine feet three thousand
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00176-00044102-00044301 four hundred twenty nine meters and its
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00177-00044302-00044476 lowest point is the sea level of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00178-00044477-00044696 Pacific Ocean along the Oregon coast
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00179-00044697-00045060 Oregon's mean elevation is 3,300 feet
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00180-00045061-00045342 one thousand six meters crater lake
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00181-00045343-00045555 national park is the state's only
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00182-00045556-00045738 national park in the sight of Crater
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00183-00045739-00045927 Lake the deepest lake in the United
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00184-00045928-00046488 States at 1943 feet 592 metres oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00185-00046489-00046680 claims the D River as the shortest river
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00186-00046681-00046869 in the world though the state of Montana
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00187-00046870-00047061 makes the same claim of its roe River
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00188-00047062-00047370 Oregon is also home to Mill ends Park in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00189-00047371-00047557 Portland the smallest Park in the world
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00190-00047558-00048057 at 452 square inches 0.29 square meters
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00191-00048058-00048321 Oregon is split into eight geographical
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00192-00048322-00048600 regions in western Oregon Oregon coast
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00193-00048601-00048804 west of the coast range the Willamette
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00194-00048805-00049038 Valley Rogue Valley Cascade Range and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00195-00049039-00049230 Klamath mountains and in Central and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00196-00049231-00049470 Eastern Oregon the Columbia Plateau the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00197-00049471-00049682 high desert and the Blue Mountains
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00198-00049683-00049932 Oregon lies in two time zones
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00199-00049933-00050127 most of Malheur County is in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00200-00050128-00050313 Mountain Time Zone while the rest of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00201-00050314-00050978 state lies in the Pacific time zone
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00202-00050979-00051632 topic geology and terrain Western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00203-00051633-00051841 Oregon's mountainous regions home to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00204-00051842-00051989 three of the most prominent mountain
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00205-00051990-00052199 peaks of the United States including
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00206-00052200-00052394 Mount Hood were formed by the volcanic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00207-00052395-00052598 activity of the Juan de Fuca plate a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00208-00052599-00052808 tectonic plate that poses a continued
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00209-00052809-00052964 threat of volcanic activity and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00210-00052965-00053201 earthquakes in the region the most
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00211-00053202-00053465 recent major activity was the 1700
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00212-00053466-00053704 Cascadia earthquake Washington's Mount
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00213-00053705-00053980 Saint Helens erupted in 1980 an event
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00214-00053982-00054154 visible from northern Oregon and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00215-00054155-00054355 affecting some areas there the Columbia
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00216-00054357-00054548 River which forms much of Oregon's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00217-00054549-00054749 northern border also played a major role
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00218-00054750-00054986 in the region's geological evolution as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00219-00054987-00055145 well as its economic and cultural
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00220-00055146-00055441 development the Columbia is one of North
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00221-00055442-00055661 America's largest rivers and one of two
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00222-00055662-00055838 rivers to cut through the Cascades the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00223-00055839-00056039 Klamath River in Southern Oregon as the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00224-00056040-00056327 other about fifteen thousand years ago
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00225-00056328-00056542 the Columbia repeatedly flooded much of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00226-00056544-00056738 Oregon during the Missoula floods the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00227-00056739-00056870 modern fertility of the Willamette
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00228-00056871-00057079 Valley is largely a result of those
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00229-00057080-00057371 floods plentiful salmon made parts of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00230-00057372-00057604 the river such as Celilo Falls hubs of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00231-00057605-00057855 economic activity for thousands of years
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00232-00057857-00057974 today
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00233-00057975-00058160 Oregon's landscape varies from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00234-00058161-00058373 rainforest in the coast range to barren
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00235-00058374-00058553 desert in the southeast which still
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00236-00058554-00058712 meets the technical definition of a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00237-00058713-00059021 frontier Oregon's geographical center is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00238-00059022-00059216 further west than any of the other 48
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00239-00059216-00059378 contiguous states although the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00240-00059379-00059573 westernmost point of the lower 48 states
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00241-00059574-00059858 as in Washington central Oregon's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00242-00059859-00060059 geographical features range from high
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00243-00060060-00060233 desert and volcanic rock formations
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00244-00060234-00060554 resulting from lava beds the Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00245-00060554-00060764 Badlands wilderness is in this region of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00246-00060765-00061254 the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00247-00061254-00061787 topic flora and fauna
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00248-00061788-00062050 typical of a Western State Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00249-00062051-00062242 home to a unique and diverse array of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00250-00062244-00062587 wildlife roughly 60% of the state is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00251-00062588-00062786 covered in forest while the areas west
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00252-00062787-00062944 of the Cascades are more densely
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00253-00062945-00063191 populated by forests making up around 80
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00254-00063191-00063529 percent of the landscape some 60% of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00255-00063530-00063737 Oregon's forests are within federal land
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00256-00063738-00063998 Oregon is the top timber producer of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00257-00063999-00064340 lower 48 states typical tree species
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00258-00064341-00064567 include the Douglas fir the state tree
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00259-00064569-00064790 as well as Redwood ponderosa pine
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00260-00064791-00065026 generally east of the Cascades western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00261-00065027-00065350 red cedar and hemlock ponderosa pine are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00262-00065351-00065528 more common in the Blue Mountains in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00263-00065529-00065711 eastern part of the state and furs are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00264-00065712-00065987 more common in the West there are many
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00265-00065988-00066169 species of mammals that live in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00266-00066170-00066325 state which include but are not limited
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00267-00066326-00066698 to opossums shrews moles little pocket
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00268-00066699-00066925 mice great basin pocket mice dark
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00269-00066926-00067162 kangaroo mouse California kangaroo rat
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00270-00067163-00067363 chiseled tooth kangaroo rat boards
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00271-00067364-00067673 kangaroo rat bats rabbits pikas mountain
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00272-00067674-00067930 beavers chipmunks Western gray squirrels
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00273-00067931-00068119 yellow-bellied marmots beavers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00274-00068120-00068486 porcupines coyotes wolves red foxes come
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00275-00068487-00068656 in gray fox Kitfox
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00276-00068657-00068968 black bears raccoons badgers skunks
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00277-00068969-00069197 antelopes Cougars Bobcats
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00278-00069198-00069601 Lynx's deer elk and moose marine mammals
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00279-00069602-00069868 include seals sea lions humpback whales
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00280-00069869-00070115 killer whales gray whales blue whales
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00281-00070116-00070369 sperm whales Pacific white-sided dolphin
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00282-00070370-00070693 and bottlenose dolphin notable birds
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00283-00070694-00070918 include American Wiggins mallard ducks
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00284-00070919-00071176 great blue herons bald eagles Golden
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00285-00071177-00071392 Eagles Western meadowlarks the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00286-00071393-00071626 bird barn owls great horned owls
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00287-00071627-00071861 Rufus hummingbirds pileated woodpeckers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00288-00071862-00072175 wrens tau YZ sparrows and buntings moose
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00289-00072176-00072376 have not always inhabited the state but
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00290-00072377-00072631 came to Oregon in the 1960s the Wallowa
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00291-00072632-00072922 Valley herd numbered about 60 as of 2013
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00292-00072923-00073213 gray wolves were extirpated from Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00293-00073214-00073442 around 1930 but have since found their
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00294-00073443-00073612 way back most of them reside in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00295-00073613-00073778 northeast Oregon but there are now two
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00296-00073779-00073973 packs living in the south central part
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00297-00073974-00074242 of the state although their existence in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00298-00074243-00074476 Oregon is unconfirmed reports of grizzly
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00299-00074477-00074684 bears still turn up and it is probable
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00300-00074685-00074875 some still move into Eastern Oregon from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00301-00074876-00075067 Idaho Oregon is home to what is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00302-00075068-00075163 considered the lar
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00303-00075164-00075359 just single organism in the world and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00304-00075360-00075562 our malaria solidifies fungus beneath
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00305-00075563-00075757 the Malheur national forests of Eastern
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00306-00075758-00075982 Oregon Oregon has three National Park
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00307-00075983-00076213 sites Crater Lake National Park in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00308-00076214-00076426 southern part of the Cascades John Day
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00309-00076427-00076654 Fossil Beds National Monument east of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00310-00076655-00076835 the Cascades and Lewis and Clark
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00311-00076836-00077050 national and state historical parks on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00312-00077051-00077604 the north coast
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00313-00077605-00078081 topic climate
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00314-00078082-00078312 most of Oregon has a generally mild
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00315-00078313-00078480 climate though there is significant
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00316-00078481-00078633 variation given the variety of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00317-00078634-00078912 landscapes across the state the state's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00318-00078913-00079107 western region west of the Cascade Range
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00319-00079108-00079365 has an oceanic climate populated by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00320-00079366-00079653 dense evergreen mixed forests Western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00321-00079654-00079863 Oregon's climate is heavily influenced
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00322-00079864-00080064 by the Pacific Ocean the Western third
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00323-00080065-00080235 of Oregon is very wet in the winter
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00324-00080236-00080457 moderately to very wet during the spring
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00325-00080458-00080724 and fall and dry during the summer the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00326-00080725-00080943 relative humidity of Western Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00327-00080944-00081153 high except during summer days which are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00328-00081154-00081387 semi dried to semi-humid Eastern Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00329-00081388-00081585 typically sees low humidity year-round
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00330-00081586-00081795 the state southwestern portion
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00331-00081796-00081990 particularly the Rogue Valley has a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00332-00081991-00082197 Mediterranean climate with drier and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00333-00082198-00082365 sunnier winters and hotter summers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00334-00082366-00082599 similar to Northern California Oregon's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00335-00082600-00082782 northeastern portion has a steppe
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00336-00082783-00082962 climate and its high terrain regions
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00337-00082963-00083226 have a subarctic climate like Western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00338-00083227-00083406 Europe Oregon and the Pacific Northwest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00339-00083407-00083670 in general is considered warm for its
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00340-00083671-00083877 latitude and the state has far milder
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00341-00083878-00084048 winters at a given elevation than
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00342-00084049-00084246 comparable latitudes elsewhere in North
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00343-00084247-00084419 America such as the Upper Midwest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00344-00084420-00084750 Ontario Quebec and New England however
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00345-00084751-00084984 the state ranks fifth for coolest summer
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00346-00084985-00085155 temperatures of any state in the country
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00347-00085156-00085497 after Maine Idaho Wyoming and Alaska the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00348-00085498-00085677 eastern two-thirds of Oregon which
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00349-00085678-00085893 largely comprised high desert have cold
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00350-00085894-00086199 snowy winters and very dry summers much
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00351-00086200-00086388 of the East is semi-arid to arid like
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00352-00086389-00086559 the rest of the Great Basin though the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00353-00086560-00086730 Blue Mountains are wet enough to support
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00354-00086731-00087015 extensive forests most of Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00355-00087016-00087219 receives significant snowfall but the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00356-00087220-00087453 Willamette Valley where 60% of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00357-00087454-00087675 population lives has considerably milder
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00358-00087676-00087900 winters for its latitude and typically
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00359-00087901-00088098 only sees light snowfall Oregon's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00360-00088099-00088374 highest recorded temperature as 119
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00361-00088375-00088656 degrees Fahrenheit 48 degrees Celsius at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00362-00088657-00088932 Pendleton on August 10th 1898 and the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00363-00088933-00089193 lowest recorded temperature as minus 54
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00364-00089194-00089424 degrees Fahrenheit minus 48 degrees
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00365-00089425-00090276 Celsius at Seneca on February 10th 1933
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00366-00090277-00090786 topic history
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00367-00090787-00091032 humans have inhabited the area that is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00368-00091033-00091331 now Oregon for at least 15,000 years in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00369-00091332-00091578 recorded history mentions of the land
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00370-00091579-00091797 date to as early as the 16th century
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00371-00091798-00092069 during the 18th and 19th centuries
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00372-00092070-00092289 European powers and later the United
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00373-00092290-00092523 States quarreled over possession of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00374-00092524-00092826 region until 1846 when the US and Great
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00375-00092827-00093047 Britain finalized division of the region
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00376-00093048-00093368 Oregon became a state on February 14th
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00377-00093369-00093720 1859 and as of 2015 is home to over 4
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00378-00093721-00094291 million residents
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00379-00094292-00094702 topic earliest inhabitants
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00380-00094703-00094850 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00381-00094851-00095054 while there is considerable evidence
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00382-00095055-00095255 that paleo-indians inhabited the region
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00383-00095256-00095495 the oldest evidence of habitation in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00384-00095496-00095708 Oregon was found at Fort Rock cave and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00385-00095709-00095932 the Paisley caves in Lake County
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00386-00095933-00096161 archaeologist Luther crest mandated
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00387-00096162-00096350 material from Fort Rock to thirteen
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00388-00096351-00096560 thousand two hundred years ago and there
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00389-00096561-00096746 is evidence supporting inhabitants in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00390-00096747-00096920 the region at least fifteen thousand
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00391-00096921-00097214 years ago by eight thousand BC there
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00392-00097215-00097358 were settlements throughout the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00393-00097359-00097583 with populations concentrated along the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00394-00097584-00097772 Lower Columbia River in the western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00395-00097773-00098017 valleys and around coastal estuaries
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00396-00098018-00098267 during the prehistoric period the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00397-00098268-00098450 Willamette Valley region was flooded
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00398-00098451-00098651 after the collapse of glacial dams from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00399-00098652-00098831 Lake Missoula located in what would
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00400-00098832-00099086 later become Montana these massive
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00401-00099087-00099266 floods occurred during the last glacial
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00402-00099267-00099515 period and filled the valley with 300 to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00403-00099516-00099923 400 feet 91 to 122 meters of water by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00404-00099924-00100169 the 16th century Oregon was home to many
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00405-00100170-00100370 Native American groups including the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00406-00100371-00100598 Chinook Coquille Koch well Bannock
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00407-00100599-00100868 Shasta Calabria Klamath Klickitat
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00408-00100869-00101153 Molalla Nez Perce tekele mikela Mook
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00409-00101154-00101916 Neah Connie Umatilla and Umpqua
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00410-00101917-00102542 topic european and pioneer settlement
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00411-00102543-00102803 the first Europeans to visit Oregon were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00412-00102804-00103052 Spanish explorers led by one Rodriguez
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00413-00103053-00103268 Cabrillo who cited Southern Oregon off
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00414-00103269-00103657 the Pacific Coast in 1543 sailing Golden
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00415-00103658-00103858 Hind in search of the strait of Antion
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00416-00103859-00104057 Drake briefly sought shelter anchoring
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00417-00104058-00104311 at South Cove Kappa raga just south of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00418-00104313-00104555 Coos Bay Oregon before sailing for what
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00419-00104556-00104833 is now California exploration was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00420-00104834-00105164 retaken routinely in 1774 starting with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00421-00105165-00105374 the expedition of the frigate Santiago
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00422-00105375-00105653 by Juan Jose Perez Hernandez si Spanish
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00423-00105654-00105875 expeditions to the Pacific Northwest and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00424-00105876-00106070 the coast of Oregon became a valuable
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00425-00106071-00106459 trading route to Asia in 1778 British
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00426-00106460-00106679 Captain James Cook also explored the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00427-00106680-00106922 coast french-canadian and matey trappers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00428-00106923-00107099 and missionaries arrived in the eastern
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00429-00107100-00107294 part of the state in the late 18th and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00430-00107295-00107504 early 19th centuries many having
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00431-00107505-00107669 traveled as members of Lewis and Clark
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00432-00107670-00108020 in the 1811 aster expeditions some
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00433-00108021-00108208 stayed permanently including Eddie and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00434-00108209-00108392 Lucy a believed to be the first European
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00435-00108393-00108658 farmer in the state of Oregon the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00436-00108659-00108824 evidence of this french-canadian
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00437-00108825-00108980 presence can be found in the numerous
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00438-00108981-00109199 names of French origin in that part of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00439-00109200-00109388 the state including malar lake in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00440-00109389-00109655 Malheur river the Grande Ronde Indus and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00441-00109656-00109955 the city of La Grande the Lewis and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00442-00109956-00110126 Clark expedition traveled through
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00443-00110127-00110318 northern Oregon also in search of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00444-00110319-00110549 Northwest Passage they built their
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00445-00110550-00110855 winter fort in 1805 206 at Fort Clatsop
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00446-00110856-00111032 near the mouth of the Columbia River
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00447-00111033-00111248 staying at the encampment from December
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00448-00111249-00111449 until March British explorer David
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00449-00111450-00111623 Thompson also conducted overland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00450-00111624-00111950 exploration in 1811 while working for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00451-00111951-00112154 the Northwest company Thompson became
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00452-00112155-00112325 the first European to navigate the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00453-00112326-00112592 entire Columbia River stopping on the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00454-00112593-00112759 way at the junction of the Snake River
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00455-00112760-00112984 he posted a claim to the region for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00456-00112985-00113179 Great Britain in the Northwest company
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00457-00113180-00113489 upon returning to Montreal he publicized
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00458-00113490-00113693 the abundance of fur bearing animals in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00459-00113694-00113975 the area also in 1811 New Yorker John
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00460-00113976-00114206 Jacob Astor financed the establishment
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00461-00114207-00114368 of four historia at the mouth of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00462-00114369-00114581 Columbia River as a Western outpost to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00463-00114582-00114779 his Pacific Fur Company this was the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00464-00114780-00114971 first permanent European settlement in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00465-00114972-00115289 Oregon in the war of 1812 the British
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00466-00115290-00115502 gained control of all Pacific Fur
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00467-00115503-00115789 Company posts the Treaty of 1818
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00468-00115790-00115936 established joint
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00469-00115938-00116120 British and American occupancy of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00470-00116121-00116303 region west of the Rocky Mountains to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00471-00116304-00116624 the Pacific Ocean by the 1820s and 1830s
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00472-00116625-00116906 the Hudson's Bay Company dominated the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00473-00116907-00117104 Pacific Northwest from its Columbia
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00474-00117105-00117269 district headquarters at Fort Vancouver
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00475-00117270-00117557 built in 1825 by the district's chief
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00476-00117558-00117784 actor John McLaughlin across the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00477-00117785-00118078 Columbia from present-day Portland in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00478-00118079-00118376 1841 the expert trapper and entrepreneur
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00479-00118377-00118574 Ewing young died leaving considerable
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00480-00118575-00118754 wealth and no apparent heir and no
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00481-00118755-00119030 system to probate his estate a meeting
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00482-00119031-00119209 followed Young's funeral at which a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00483-00119210-00119389 probate government was proposed
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00484-00119390-00119720 dr. IRA Babcock of Jason Lee's Methodist
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00485-00119721-00119938 mission was elected supreme judge
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00486-00119939-00120293 Babcock chaired two meetings in 1842 at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00487-00120294-00120464 schampoo II halfway between Lee's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00488-00120465-00120638 mission and Oregon City to discuss
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00489-00120639-00120869 wolves and other animals of contemporary
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00490-00120870-00121118 concern these meetings were precursors
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00491-00121119-00121427 to an all citizen meeting in 1843 which
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00492-00121428-00121565 instituted a provisional government
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00493-00121566-00121790 headed by an executive committee made up
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00494-00121791-00121997 of David Hill Alan's and beers and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00495-00121998-00122264 Joseph Gale this government was the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00496-00122265-00122444 first acting public government of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00497-00122445-00122651 Oregon country before annexation by the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00498-00122652-00122911 government of the United States it was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00499-00122913-00123061 succeeded by a second executive
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00500-00123063-00123290 committee made up of Peter G Stewart
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00501-00123291-00123632 Osborn Russell and William J Bailey and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00502-00123633-00123815 this committee was itself succeeded by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00503-00123816-00124019 George Abernathy who was the first and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00504-00124020-00124175 only governor of Oregon under the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00505-00124176-00124411 provisional government
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00506-00124413-00124783 also in 1841 Sir George Simpson governor
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00507-00124784-00124982 of the Hudson's Bay Company reversed the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00508-00124983-00125147 Hudson's Bay company's long-standing
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00509-00125148-00125353 policy of discouraging settlement
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00510-00125354-00125525 because it interfered with the lucrative
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00511-00125526-00125843 fur trade he directed that some 200 Red
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00512-00125844-00126083 River Colony settlers be relocated to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00513-00126083-00126358 HBC farms near Fort Vancouver the James
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00514-00126359-00126563 Sinclair expedition in an attempt to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00515-00126564-00126940 hold Columbia district starting in 1842
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00516-00126941-00127204 243 the Oregon Trail brought many new
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00517-00127205-00127432 American settlers to the oregon country
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00518-00127433-00127718 for some time it seemed that Britain and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00519-00127719-00127919 the United States would go to war for a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00520-00127920-00128116 third time in 75 years
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00521-00128117-00128302 see Oregon boundary dispute but the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00522-00128303-00128594 border was defined peacefully in 1846 by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00523-00128595-00128852 the Oregon treaty the border between the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00524-00128853-00129074 United States and British North America
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00525-00129075-00129379 was set at the 49th parallel the Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00526-00129380-00129593 Territory was officially organized on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00527-00129594-00129883 August 13th 1848 settlement increased
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00528-00129884-00130129 with the donation land claim Act of 1850
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00529-00130130-00130343 and the forced relocation of the native
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00530-00130344-00130547 population to Indian reservations in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00531-00130548-00131064 Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00532-00131065-00131553 topic statehood
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00533-00131554-00131910 in December 1844 Oregon passed its black
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00534-00131911-00132101 exclusion law which prohibited
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00535-00132102-00132276 african-americans from entering the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00536-00132277-00132404 territory while simultaneously
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00537-00132405-00132729 prohibiting slavery slave owners who
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00538-00132730-00132858 brought their slaves with them were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00539-00132859-00133005 given three years before they were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00540-00133006-00133202 forced to free them any
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00541-00133203-00133383 african-americans in the region after
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00542-00133384-00133578 the law was passed were forced to leave
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00543-00133579-00133737 and those who did not comply were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00544-00133738-00133986 arrested and beaten they received no
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00545-00133987-00134193 less than twenty and no more than 39
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00546-00134194-00134451 stripes across their bare back if they
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00547-00134452-00134643 still did not leave this process could
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00548-00134644-00134925 be repeated every six months slavery
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00549-00134926-00135138 played a major part in Oregon's history
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00550-00135139-00135306 and even influenced its path to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00551-00135307-00135579 statehood the territory's request for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00552-00135580-00135777 statehood was delayed several times as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00553-00135778-00135948 members of Congress argued among
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00554-00135949-00136131 themselves whether the territory should
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00555-00136132-00136542 be admitted as a free or slave state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00556-00136543-00136773 eventually politicians from the South
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00557-00136774-00136956 agreed to allow Oregon to enter as a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00558-00136957-00137226 free state in exchange for opening
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00559-00137227-00137475 slavery to the southwest United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00560-00137476-00137664 Oregon was admitted to the Union on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00561-00137665-00138060 February 14th 1859 found it as a refuge
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00562-00138061-00138294 from disputes over slavery Oregon hedda
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00563-00138295-00138603 whites only clause in its original state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00564-00138604-00138834 constitution at the outbreak of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00565-00138835-00139080 American Civil War regular US troops
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00566-00139081-00139365 were withdrawn and sent east volunteer
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00567-00139366-00139578 cavalry recruited in California were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00568-00139579-00139782 sent north to Oregon to keep peace and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00569-00139783-00140055 protect the populace the first Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00570-00140056-00140767 cavalry served until June 1865
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00571-00140768-00141317 topic post-reconstruction
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00572-00141318-00141578 beginning in the 1880s the growth of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00573-00141579-00141776 railroads expanded the state's lumber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00574-00141777-00141998 wheat and other agricultural markets and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00575-00141999-00142256 the rapid growth of its cities due to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00576-00142257-00142424 the abundance of timber and waterway
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00577-00142425-00142655 access via the Willamette River Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00578-00142656-00142838 became a major force in the lumber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00579-00142839-00143039 industry of the Pacific Northwest and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00580-00143040-00143234 quickly became the state's largest city
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00581-00143235-00143519 it would earn the nickname stump town
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00582-00143520-00143780 and would later become recognized as one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00583-00143781-00143975 of the most dangerous port cities in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00584-00143976-00144173 United States due to racketeering and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00585-00144174-00144356 illegal activities at the turn of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00586-00144357-00144749 20th century in 1902 Oregon introduced
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00587-00144750-00144995 direct legislation by the state citizens
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00588-00144996-00145187 through initiatives and referenda known
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00589-00145188-00145514 as the Oregon system on May 5th 1945 six
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00590-00145515-00145706 people were killed by a Japanese bomb
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00591-00145707-00145901 that exploded on gearheart Mountain near
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00592-00145902-00146201 Bly this is the only fatal attack on the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00593-00146202-00146396 United States mainland committed by a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00594-00146397-00146510 foreign nation since the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00595-00146511-00146747 mexican-american war making Oregon the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00596-00146748-00146945 only u.s. state that has experienced
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00597-00146946-00147164 fatal casualties by a foreign army since
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00598-00147165-00147536 1848 the bombing site is now located in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00599-00147537-00147817 the mitchell Recreation Area industrial
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00600-00147818-00148067 expansion began in earnest following the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00601-00148068-00148382 1933 2:37 construction of the Bonneville
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00602-00148383-00148685 Dam on the Columbia River hydroelectric
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00603-00148686-00148925 power food and lumber provided by Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00604-00148926-00149138 helped fuel the development of the West
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00605-00149139-00149333 although the periodic fluctuations in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00606-00149334-00149522 the u.s. building industry have hurt the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00607-00149523-00149755 state's economy on multiple occasions
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00608-00149756-00150023 Portland in particular experienced a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00609-00150024-00150314 population boom between 1900 and 1930
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00610-00150315-00150572 tripling in size the arrival of World
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00611-00150573-00150836 War 2 also provided the Northwest region
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00612-00150837-00151010 of the state with an industrial boom
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00613-00151011-00151184 where Liberty ships and aircraft
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00614-00151185-00151367 carriers were constructed during the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00615-00151368-00151619 1970s the Pacific Northwest was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00616-00151620-00151889 particularly affected by the 1973 oil
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00617-00151890-00152102 crisis with Oregon suffering a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00618-00152103-00152396 substantial shortage in 1994 Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00619-00152397-00152576 became the first US state to legalize
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00620-00152577-00152795 physician assisted suicide through the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00621-00152796-00153059 Oregon Death with Dignity Act a measure
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00622-00153060-00153239 to legalize recreational use of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00623-00153240-00153449 marijuana in Oregon was approved on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00624-00153450-00153620 November 4th 2014
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00625-00153621-00153845 making Oregon only the second state at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00626-00153846-00153986 the time to have legalized gay marriage
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00627-00153987-00154202 physician assisted suicide and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00628-00154203-00154494 recreational marijuana
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00629-00154495-00154845 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00630-00154846-00155418 topic cities and towns
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00631-00155419-00155640 Oregon's population is largely
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00632-00155641-00155808 concentrated in the Willamette Valley
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00633-00155809-00156036 which stretches from Eugene in the south
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00634-00156037-00156243 home of the University of Oregon through
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00635-00156244-00156429 Corvallis home of Oregon State
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00636-00156430-00156657 University and Salem the capital to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00637-00156658-00156912 Portland Oregon's largest city Astoria
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00638-00156913-00157110 at the mouth of the Columbia River was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00639-00157111-00157278 the first permanent English speaking
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00640-00157279-00157470 settlement west of the Rockies in what
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00641-00157471-00157776 is now the United States Oregon City at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00642-00157777-00157959 the end of the Oregon Trail was the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00643-00157960-00158178 Oregon territory's first incorporated
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00644-00158179-00158448 city and was its first capital from 1848
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00645-00158449-00158748 until 1852 when the capital was moved to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00646-00158749-00159048 Salem Bend near the geographic center of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00647-00159049-00159246 the state is one of the ten fastest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00648-00159247-00159429 growing metropolitan areas in the United
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00649-00159430-00159765 States in Southern Oregon Medford is a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00650-00159766-00159996 rapidly growing metro area and is home
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00651-00159997-00160158 to the Rogue Valley international
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00652-00160159-00160320 Medford Airport the state's third
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00653-00160321-00160599 busiest airport to the south near the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00654-00160600-00160806 California border are the communities of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00655-00160807-00161454 Ashland and Grants Pass
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00656-00161455-00162014 topic line government
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00657-00162015-00162254 a writer in the Oregon Country book a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00658-00162255-00162494 Pacific Republic written in 1839
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00659-00162495-00162734 predicted the territory was to become an
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00660-00162735-00163025 independent republic four years later in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00661-00163026-00163286 1843 settlers of the Willamette Valley
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00662-00163287-00163499 voted in majority for a republic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00663-00163500-00163769 government the oregon country functioned
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00664-00163770-00164075 in this way until August 13th 1848 when
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00665-00164076-00164285 Oregon was annexed by the United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00666-00164286-00164453 and a territorial government was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00667-00164454-00164696 established Oregon maintained a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00668-00164697-00164903 territorial government until February
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00669-00164904-00165188 14th 1859 when it was granted statehood
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00670-00165189-00165449 Oregon state government has a separation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00671-00165450-00165587 of powers similar to the federal
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00672-00165588-00165913 government it has three branches a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00673-00165914-00166196 legislative branch the bicameral Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00674-00166197-00166523 Legislative Assembly an executive branch
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00675-00166524-00166736 which includes an administrative
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00676-00166737-00166958 department and Oregon's governor's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00677-00166959-00167161 serving as chief executive and a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00678-00167162-00167426 judicial branch headed by the Chief
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00679-00167427-00167588 Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00680-00167589-00167798 governor's in Oregon serve four-year
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00681-00167799-00167987 terms and are limited to two consecutive
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00682-00167988-00168227 terms but an unlimited number of total
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00683-00168228-00168545 terms Oregon has no lieutenant governor
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00684-00168546-00168734 in the event that the office of governor
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00685-00168735-00169013 is vacated article 5 section 8 a of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00686-00169014-00169238 Oregon Constitution specifies that the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00687-00169239-00169460 Secretary of State is first in line for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00688-00169461-00169727 succession the other statewide officers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00689-00169728-00169904 are Treasurer attorney general
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00690-00169905-00170098 superintendent and Labor Commissioner
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00691-00170099-00170423 the biennial Oregon Legislative Assembly
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00692-00170424-00170678 consists of a 30 member Senate and a 60
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00693-00170679-00170960 member house the state Supreme Court has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00694-00170961-00171170 seven elected justices currently
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00695-00171171-00171377 including the only two openly gay State
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00696-00171378-00171575 Supreme Court justices in the nation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00697-00171576-00171803 they choose one of their own to serve a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00698-00171804-00172115 six-year term as chief justice the only
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00699-00172116-00172295 court that may reverse her modify a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00700-00172296-00172517 decision of the Oregon Supreme Court as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00701-00172518-00172726 the Supreme Court of the United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00702-00172727-00172967 the debate over whether to move to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00703-00172968-00173129 annual sessions as a long-standing
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00704-00173130-00173366 battle in Oregon politics but the voters
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00705-00173367-00173549 have resisted the move from citizen
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00706-00173550-00173753 legislators to professional lawmakers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00707-00173754-00174035 because Oregon's state budget is written
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00708-00174036-00174203 in two-year increments and there being
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00709-00174204-00174440 no sales tax state revenue is based
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00710-00174441-00174656 largely on income taxes it is often
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00711-00174657-00174880 significantly over or under budget
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00712-00174881-00175142 recent legislators have had to be called
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00713-00175143-00175340 into special session repeatedly to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00714-00175341-00175412 address Revan
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00715-00175413-00175610 shortfalls resulting from economic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00716-00175611-00175793 downturns bringing to a head the need
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00717-00175794-00176014 for more frequent legislative sessions
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00718-00176015-00176360 Oregon initiative 71 passed in 2010
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00719-00176361-00176561 mandates the legislature to begin
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00720-00176562-00176810 meeting every year for 160 days in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00721-00176811-00177035 odd-numbered years and 35 days in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00722-00177036-00177332 even-numbered years Oregonians have
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00723-00177333-00177512 voted for the Democratic presidential
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00724-00177513-00177779 candidate in every election since 1988
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00725-00177780-00178262 in 2004 in 2006 Democrats won control of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00726-00178263-00178426 the state Senate and then the house
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00727-00178427-00178751 since the late 1990s Oregon has been
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00728-00178752-00178967 represented by four Democrats in one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00729-00178968-00179129 Republican in the US House of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00730-00179130-00179489 Representatives since 2009 the state has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00731-00179490-00179768 had two Democratic US senators Ron Wyden
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00732-00179769-00180044 and Jeff Merkley Oregon voters have
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00733-00180045-00180248 elected Democratic governors in every
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00734-00180249-00180440 election since 1986
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00735-00180441-00180641 most recently electing Kate Brown over
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00736-00180642-00180929 Republican bud Pierce in a 2016 special
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00737-00180930-00181244 election the base of Democratic support
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00738-00181245-00181442 is largely concentrated in the urban
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00739-00181443-00181673 centers of the Willamette Valley the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00740-00181674-00181859 eastern two-thirds of the state beyond
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00741-00181860-00182057 the Cascade Mountains typically votes
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00742-00182058-00182417 Republican in 2000 in 2004 George W Bush
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00743-00182418-00182588 carried every County east of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00744-00182589-00182668 Cascades
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00745-00182669-00182903 however the region's sparse population
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00746-00182904-00183152 means that the more populous counties in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00747-00183153-00183326 the Willamette Valley usually outweigh
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00748-00183327-00183473 the eastern counties in statewide
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00749-00183474-00183860 elections in the 2002 general election
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00750-00183861-00184049 Oregon voters approved a ballot measure
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00751-00184050-00184240 to increase the state minimum wage
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00752-00184241-00184445 automatically each year according to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00753-00184446-00184649 inflationary changes which are measured
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00754-00184650-00184997 by the Consumer Price Index CPI in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00755-00184998-00185249 2004 general election Oregon voters
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00756-00185250-00185459 passed ballot measures banning same-sex
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00757-00185460-00185651 marriage and restricting land use
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00758-00185652-00186005 regulation in the 2006 general election
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00759-00186006-00186197 voters restricted the use of eminent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00760-00186198-00186401 domain and extended the state's discount
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00761-00186402-00187018 prescription drug coverage
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00762-00187019-00187538 topic federal representation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00763-00187539-00187872 like all US states Oregon is represented
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00764-00187873-00188205 by two senators since the 1980 census
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00765-00188206-00188394 Oregon has had five congressional
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00766-00188395-00188676 districts after Oregon was admitted to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00767-00188677-00188880 the Union it began with a single member
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00768-00188881-00189045 in the House of Representatives
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00769-00189046-00189264 Lafayette Grover who served in the 35th
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00770-00189265-00189468 United States Congress for less than a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00771-00189469-00189666 month congressional apportionment
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00772-00189667-00189882 increased the size of the delegation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00773-00189883-00190287 following the censuses of 1890 1910 1940
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00774-00190288-00190647 and 1980 a detailed list of the past and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00775-00190648-00190842 present congressional delegations from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00776-00190843-00191145 Oregon is available the United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00777-00191146-00191310 District Court for the District of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00778-00191311-00191526 Oregon hears federal cases in the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00779-00191527-00191805 the court has courthouses in Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00780-00191806-00192129 Eugene Medford and Pendleton also in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00781-00192130-00192309 Portland as the federal bankruptcy court
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00782-00192310-00192579 with a second branch in Eugene Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00783-00192580-00192768 among other western states and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00784-00192769-00192951 territories is in the ninth Court of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00785-00192952-00193245 Appeals one of the courts meeting places
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00786-00193246-00193410 is at the Pioneer Courthouse in downtown
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00787-00193411-00193677 Portland a national historic landmark
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00788-00193678-00194319 built in 1869
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00789-00194320-00194819 topic politics
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00790-00194820-00195048 political opinions in Oregon are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00791-00195049-00195246 geographically split by the Cascade
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00792-00195247-00195444 Range with Western Oregon being more
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00793-00195445-00195609 liberal in Eastern Oregon being
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00794-00195610-00195689 conservative
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00795-00195690-00196028 in a 2008 analysis of the 2004
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00796-00196029-00196229 presidential election a political
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00797-00196230-00196391 analyst found that according to the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00798-00196392-00196614 application of a Likert scale Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00799-00196615-00196794 boasted both the most liberal carry
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00800-00196795-00196976 voters and the most conservative Bush
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00801-00196977-00197177 voters making it the most politically
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00802-00197178-00197364 polarized state in the country while
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00803-00197365-00197574 Republicans typically win more counties
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00804-00197575-00197769 by running up huge margins in the east
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00805-00197770-00197931 the Democratic tilt of the more
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00806-00197932-00198140 populated West is usually enough to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00807-00198141-00198401 swing the entire state Democratic in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00808-00198402-00198684 2008 for instance Republican Senate
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00809-00198685-00198909 incumbent Gordon H Smith lost his bid
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00810-00198910-00199098 for a third term even though he carried
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00811-00199099-00199364 all but eight counties his Democratic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00812-00199365-00199593 challenger Jeff Merkley one mole Noma
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00813-00199594-00199893 County by 142 thousand votes more than
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00814-00199894-00200099 doubled the overall margin of victory
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00815-00200100-00200373 during Oregon's history it has adopted
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00816-00200374-00200619 many electoral reforms proposed during
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00817-00200620-00200787 the Progressive Era through the efforts
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00818-00200788-00200973 of William s urine and his direct
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00819-00200974-00201213 legislation League under his leadership
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00820-00201214-00201426 the state overwhelmingly approved a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00821-00201427-00201699 ballot measure in 1902 that created the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00822-00201700-00201900 initiative and referendum for citizens
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00823-00201901-00202146 to introduce or approve proposed laws or
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00824-00202147-00202291 amendments to the state constitution
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00825-00202292-00202557 directly making Oregon the first state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00826-00202558-00202848 to adopt such a system today roughly
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00827-00202849-00203076 half of US states do so in following
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00828-00203077-00203288 years the primary election to select
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00829-00203289-00203576 party candidates was adopted in 1904 and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00830-00203577-00203828 in 1908 the Oregon Constitution was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00831-00203829-00204018 amended to include recall of public
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00832-00204019-00204306 officials more recent amendments include
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00833-00204307-00204488 the nation's first doctor assisted
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00834-00204489-00204657 suicide law called the Death with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00835-00204658-00204825 Dignity Act which was challenged
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00836-00204826-00205094 unsuccessfully in 2005 by the Bush
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00837-00205096-00205316 administration in a case heard by the US
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00838-00205317-00205535 Supreme Court legalized ation of medical
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00839-00205536-00205685 cannabis and among the nation's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00840-00205686-00205851 strongest entire band sprawl and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00841-00205852-00206132 pro-environment laws more recently
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00842-00206133-00206448 2004's measure 37 reflects a backlash
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00843-00206448-00206759 against such land use laws however a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00844-00206760-00207032 further ballot measure in 2007 measure
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00845-00207033-00207279 49 curtailed many of the provisions of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00846-00207280-00207584 37 of the measures placed on the ballot
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00847-00207585-00207876 since 1902 the people have passed ninety
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00848-00207877-00208184 nine of the 288 initiatives and 25 of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00849-00208185-00208210 the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00850-00208211-00208387 sixty-one referendums on the ballot
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00851-00208388-00208513 though not all of them survived
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00852-00208514-00208705 challenges in courts see Pierce V
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00853-00208706-00209071 Society of sisters for an example during
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00854-00209073-00209284 the same period the legislature has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00855-00209285-00209578 referred 363 measures to the people of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00856-00209579-00209963 which 206 have passed Oregon pioneered
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00857-00209964-00210140 the American use of postal voting
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00858-00210141-00210358 beginning with experimentation approved
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00859-00210359-00210559 by the Oregon Legislative Assembly in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00860-00210560-00210887 1981 and culminating with a 1998 ballot
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00861-00210888-00211057 measure mandating that all counties
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00862-00211058-00211346 conduct elections by mail it remains one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00863-00211346-00211523 of just two states the other being
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00864-00211523-00211717 Washington where voting by mail is the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00865-00211719-00212114 only method of voting in 1994 Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00866-00212115-00212302 adopted the Oregon Health Plan which
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00867-00212303-00212506 made health care available to most of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00868-00212507-00212666 its citizens without private health
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00869-00212667-00212894 insurance in the u.s. electoral college
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00870-00212894-00213196 Oregon cast seven votes Oregon has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00871-00213198-00213403 supported Democratic candidates in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00872-00213404-00213519 last eight elections
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00873-00213521-00213791 Democratic incumbent Barack Obama won
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00874-00213792-00213994 the state by a margin of 12 percentage
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00875-00213996-00214279 points with over 54% of the popular vote
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00876-00214280-00214646 in 2012 in the 2016 election Hillary
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00877-00214646-00214865 Clinton won Oregon by 11 percentage
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00878-00214866-00215417 points
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00879-00215419-00215937 topic economy
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00880-00215938-00216273 as of 2015 Oregon ranks as the 17th
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00881-00216273-00216479 highest in median household income at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00882-00216480-00216813 sixty thousand eight hundred $34 the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00883-00216814-00217119 gross domestic product GDP of Oregon in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00884-00217119-00217502 2013 was 219 point six billion dollars a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00885-00217503-00217853 2.7 percent increase from 2012 Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00886-00217854-00218105 the twenty-fifth wealthiest state by GDP
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00887-00218106-00218592 in 2003 Oregon was 28th in the US by GDP
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00888-00218592-00218909 the state's per capita personal income P
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00889-00218910-00219246 CPI in 2013 was 39 thousand eight
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00890-00219246-00219479 hundred forty eight dollars a 1.5
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00891-00219480-00219827 percent increase from 2012 Oregon ranks
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00892-00219828-00220178 33rd in the US by P CPI compared to 31st
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00893-00220179-00220658 in 2003 the National P CPI in 2013 was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00894-00220659-00220904 44 thousand seven hundred sixty-five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00895-00220905-00220973 dollars
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00896-00220975-00221159 Oregon's unemployment rate was five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00897-00221160-00221417 point five percent in September 2016
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00898-00221419-00221678 while the US unemployment rate was 5.0%
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00899-00221679-00221964 that month Oregon has the third largest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00900-00221965-00222206 amount of food stamp users in the nation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00901-00222207-00222877 21 percent of the population
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00902-00222878-00223400 topic agriculture
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00903-00223401-00223655 Oregon's diverse landscapes provide
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00904-00223656-00223873 ideal environments for various types of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00905-00223875-00224057 farming land in the Willamette Valley
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00906-00224058-00224255 owes its fertility to the Missoula
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00907-00224256-00224480 floods which deposited lake sediment
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00908-00224481-00224671 from glacial lake Missoula in western
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00909-00224673-00225002 Montana unto the valley floor in 2016
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00910-00225003-00225196 the Willamette Valley region produced
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00911-00225198-00225491 over 100 million pounds 45 knots of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00912-00225492-00225725 blueberries Oregon is also one of four
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00913-00225726-00225946 major world hazelnut growing regions and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00914-00225948-00226135 produces ninety-five percent of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00915-00226136-00226354 domestic hazelnuts in the United States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00916-00226355-00226598 while the history of the wine production
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00917-00226598-00226787 in Oregon can be traced to before
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00918-00226788-00226988 prohibition it became a significant
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00919-00226989-00227387 industry beginning in the 1970s in 2005
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00920-00227388-00227627 Oregon ranked third among US states with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00921-00227628-00227888 303 wineries due to regional
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00922-00227889-00228125 similarities in climate and soil the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00923-00228126-00228326 grapes planted in Oregon are often the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00924-00228327-00228491 same varieties found in the French
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00925-00228492-00228869 regions of Alsace and burgundy in 2014
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00926-00228869-00229133 71 wineries opened in the state the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00927-00229134-00229471 total is currently 676 which represents
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00928-00229473-00229781 growth of 12% over 2013 in the southern
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00929-00229782-00229948 oregon coast commercially cultivated
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00930-00229948-00230252 cranberries account for about 7% of US
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00931-00230253-00230465 production and the cranberry ranks 23rd
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00932-00230466-00230705 among Oregon's top 50 agricultural
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00933-00230706-00230987 commodities cranberry cultivation in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00934-00230988-00231332 Oregon uses about 27,000 acres 110
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00935-00231333-00231554 square kilometres in southern coos in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00936-00231555-00231734 northern Curry counties centered around
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00937-00231735-00231980 the coastal city of Bandhan in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00938-00231981-00232115 northeastern region of the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00939-00232116-00232331 particularly around Pendleton both
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00940-00232332-00232567 irrigated and dryland wheat is grown
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00941-00232567-00232853 Oregon farmers and ranchers also produce
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00942-00232854-00233098 cattle sheep dairy products eggs and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00943-00233100-00233623 poultry
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00944-00233625-00234159 topic forestry and Fisheries
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00945-00234160-00234428 vast forests have historically made
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00946-00234429-00234646 Oregon one of the nation's major timber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00947-00234648-00234871 producing and logging States but forest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00948-00234873-00235064 fires such as the Tillamook burn over
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00949-00235065-00235292 harvesting and lawsuits over the proper
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00950-00235292-00235466 management of the extensive federal
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00951-00235467-00235640 Forest Holdings have reduced that timber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00952-00235641-00235952 produced according to 1914 data
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00953-00235953-00236114 Australia was the single largest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00954-00236115-00236417 purchaser of the state's lumber between
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00955-00236417-00236702 1989 and 2011 the amount of timber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00956-00236703-00236927 harvested from federal lands in Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00957-00236928-00237155 dropped about 90% although harvest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00958-00237156-00237331 levels on private land have remained
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00959-00237332-00237539 relatively constant even the shift in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00960-00237540-00237742 recent years towards finished goods such
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00961-00237744-00237950 as paper and building materials has not
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00962-00237951-00238096 slowed the decline of the timber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00963-00238098-00238342 industry in the state the effects of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00964-00238344-00238502 this decline have included where
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00965-00238503-00238700 Hauser's acquisition of Portland based
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00966-00238701-00238984 Willamette industries in January 2002
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00967-00238985-00239225 the relocation of Louisiana Pacific's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00968-00239226-00239414 corporate headquarters from Portland to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00969-00239415-00239591 Nashville and the decline of former
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00970-00239592-00239821 lumber company towns such as Gilchrist
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00971-00239821-00240113 despite these changes Oregon still leads
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00972-00240114-00240292 the United States in softwood lumber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00973-00240294-00240748 production in 2011 4134 million board
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00974-00240750-00240971 feet nine million seven hundred sixty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00975-00240971-00241175 thousand cubic meters was produced in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00976-00241176-00241388 Oregon compared with three thousand six
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00977-00241389-00241565 hundred eighty-five million board feet
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00978-00241566-00241778 eight million seven hundred thousand
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00979-00241779-00242165 cubic meters in Washington 1914 million
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00980-00242166-00242366 board feet four million five hundred
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00981-00242367-00242584 twenty thousand cubic meters in Georgia
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00982-00242585-00242773 and one thousand seven hundred eight
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00983-00242775-00242978 million board feet four million thirty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00984-00242979-00243278 thousand cubic metres in Mississippi the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00985-00243279-00243409 slowing of the timber and lumber
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00986-00243410-00243578 industry has caused high unemployment
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00987-00243579-00243863 rates in rural areas Oregon has one of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00988-00243864-00244073 the largest salmon fishing industries in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00989-00244073-00244258 the world although ocean fisheries have
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00990-00244259-00244442 reduced the river fisheries in recent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00991-00244442-00244669 years because of the abundance of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00992-00244671-00244865 waterways in the state it is also a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00993-00244866-00245244 major producer of hydroelectric energy
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00994-00245246-00245528 topic tourism and entertainment tourism
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00995-00245529-00245737 is also a strong industry in the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00996-00245738-00245980 much of this is centered on the state's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00997-00245981-00246188 natural features Oregon's mountains
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00998-00246189-00246481 forests waterfalls rivers beaches and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-00999-00246482-00246631 lakes including Crater Lake National
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01000-00246632-00246914 Park Mall Noma Falls The Painted Hills
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01001-00246915-00247130 the Deschutes River and the oregon caves
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01002-00247131-00247346 national monument and Preserve
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01003-00247346-00247604 Mount Hood and Mount Bachelor also draw
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01004-00247605-00247817 visitors year-round for skiing and snow
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01005-00247817-00248071 activities Portland is home to the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01006-00248073-00248257 Oregon Museum of Science and Industry
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01007-00248258-00248506 the Portland Art Museum and the Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01008-00248507-00248717 Zoo which is the oldest zoo west of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01009-00248717-00248992 Mississippi River the international Rose
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01010-00248994-00249157 test Garden is another prominent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01011-00249158-00249440 attraction in the city Portland has also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01012-00249441-00249607 been named the best city in the world
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01013-00249608-00249784 for street food by several publications
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01014-00249785-00250088 including the US News & World Report and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01015-00250089-00250427 CNN Oregon is home to many breweries and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01016-00250428-00250598 Portland has the largest number of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01017-00250598-00250805 breweries of any city in the world the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01018-00250806-00250973 state's coastal region produces
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01019-00250973-00251252 significant tourism as well the Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01020-00251253-00251591 Coast Aquarium comprises 23 acres 9.3
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01021-00251592-00251651 hectares
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01022-00251652-00251848 along Yaquina Bay in Newport and was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01023-00251850-00252140 also home to Keiko the orca whale it has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01024-00252141-00252298 been noted as one of the top ten
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01025-00252300-00252580 aquariums in North America Fort Clatsop
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01026-00252581-00252823 in Warrenton features a replica of Lewis
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01027-00252825-00253001 and Clark's encampment at the mouth of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01028-00253002-00253333 the Columbia River in 1805 the sea lion
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01029-00253334-00253562 caves in Florence are the largest system
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01030-00253563-00253775 of sea caverns in the United States and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01031-00253776-00253996 also attract many visitors in Southern
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01032-00253998-00254165 Oregon the Oregon Shakespeare Festival
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01033-00254166-00254455 held in Ashland is also a tourist draw
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01034-00254456-00254669 as is the Oregon vortex and the Wolf
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01035-00254669-00254917 Creek in state heritage site a historic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01036-00254919-00255169 Inn where Jack London wrote his 1913
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01037-00255171-00255398 novel Valley of the Moon Oregon has also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01038-00255398-00255623 historically been a popular region for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01039-00255623-00255776 film shoots due to its diverse
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01040-00255777-00256006 landscapes as well as its proximity to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01041-00256007-00256202 Hollywood see list of films shot in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01042-00256203-00256492 Oregon movies filmed in Oregon include
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01043-00256494-00256751 Animal House Free Willy the general The
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01044-00256752-00256967 Goonies Kindergarten Cop One Flew Over
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01045-00256967-00257305 the Cuckoo's Nest and Stand By Me Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01046-00257306-00257494 native matt grainy creator of The
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01047-00257496-00257659 Simpsons has incorporated many
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01048-00257660-00257848 references from his hometown of Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01049-00257850-00258152 into the TV series the Oregon film
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01050-00258153-00258355 Museum is located in the old Clatsop
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01051-00258356-00258985 County Jail in Astoria
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01052-00258986-00259498 topic technology
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01053-00259500-00259766 high technology industries located in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01054-00259767-00259931 Silicon Forest have been a major
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01055-00259932-00260306 employer since the 1970s Tektronix was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01056-00260307-00260513 the largest private employer in Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01057-00260514-00260852 until the late 1980s Intel's creation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01058-00260853-00261056 and expansion of several facilities in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01059-00261057-00261263 Eastern Washington County continued the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01060-00261264-00261557 growth that Tektronix had started Intel
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01061-00261558-00261758 the state's largest for-profit private
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01062-00261759-00262013 employer operates four large facilities
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01063-00262014-00262223 with ROM ler acres Jones farm and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01064-00262224-00262442 Hawthorn farm all located in Hillsboro
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01065-00262443-00262631 the spin-offs and startups that were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01066-00262632-00262817 produced by these two companies led to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01067-00262818-00262982 the establishment in that area of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01068-00262983-00263288 so-called Silicon Forest the recession
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01069-00263289-00263546 and dot-com bust of 2001 hit the region
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01070-00263547-00263774 heart many high-technology employers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01071-00263775-00263969 reduced the number of their employees or
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01072-00263970-00264206 went out of business open source
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01073-00264207-00264521 development labs made news in 2004 when
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01074-00264522-00264746 they hired Linus Torvalds developer of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01075-00264747-00265103 the Linux kernel in 2010 biotechnology
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01076-00265104-00265286 giant Genentech opened a four hundred
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01077-00265287-00265529 million dollars facility in Hillsboro to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01078-00265530-00265741 expand its production capabilities
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01079-00265742-00266000 Oregon is home to several large data
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01080-00266001-00266174 centers that take advantage of cheap
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01081-00266175-00266351 power and a climate conducive to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01082-00266352-00266672 reducing cooling costs Google operates a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01083-00266673-00266852 large data center in The Dalles and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01084-00266853-00267062 Facebook built a large data center near
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01085-00267063-00267389 Prineville in 2010 Amazon opened a data
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01086-00267390-00267614 center near Boardman in 2011 and a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01087-00267615-00268355 fulfillment center in Troutdale in 2018
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01088-00268356-00268917 topic corporate headquarters
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01089-00268918-00269135 Oregon is also the home of large
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01090-00269136-00269373 corporations in other industries the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01091-00269374-00269595 world headquarters of Nike are located
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01092-00269596-00269826 near Beaverton Medford is home to Harry
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01093-00269827-00270042 and David which sells gift items under
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01094-00270043-00270324 several brands Medford is also home to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01095-00270325-00270506 the national headquarters of lithium
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01096-00270507-00270738 motors Portland is home to one of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01097-00270739-00270932 West's largest trade book publishing
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01098-00270933-00271166 houses graphic arts center publishing
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01099-00271167-00271403 Oregon is also home to Mentor Graphics
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01100-00271404-00271638 corporation a world leader in electronic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01101-00271639-00271917 design automation located in Wilsonville
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01102-00271918-00272204 and employs roughly 4,500 people
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01103-00272205-00272302 worldwide
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01104-00272303-00272552 adidas corporation's American
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01105-00272553-00272769 headquarters is located in Portland and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01106-00272770-00273024 employs roughly 900 full-time workers at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01107-00273025-00273324 its Portland campus Nike located in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01108-00273325-00273551 Beaverton employs roughly 5,000
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01109-00273552-00273822 full-time employees at its 200 acre 81
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01110-00273823-00274149 hectares campus Nikes Beaverton campus
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01111-00274150-00274365 is continuously ranked as a top employer
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01112-00274366-00274515 in the Portland area along with
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01113-00274516-00274797 competitor adidas Intel Corporation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01114-00274798-00275121 employs 18,600 in Oregon with the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01115-00275122-00275333 majority of these employees located at
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01116-00275334-00275487 the company's Hillsborough campus
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01117-00275488-00275673 located about 30 minutes west of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01118-00275674-00275946 Portland Intel has been a top employer
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01119-00275947-00276273 in Oregon since 1974 the US federal
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01120-00276274-00276465 government and Providence Health Systems
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01121-00276466-00276629 our respective contenders for top
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01122-00276630-00276881 employers in Oregon with roughly 12,000
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01123-00276882-00277130 federal workers and 14,000 Providence
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01124-00277131-00277532 health workers in 2015 a total of seven
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01125-00277533-00277749 companies headquartered in Oregon landed
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01126-00277750-00278046 in the Fortune 1000 Nike at 106
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01127-00278047-00278316 Precision Castparts Corp at 300 to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01128-00278317-00278627 lithium motors at 480 to Stan Corps
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01129-00278628-00278879 Financial Group at 800 for Schmitt sir
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01130-00278880-00279158 steel industries at 853 The Greenbrier
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01131-00279159-00279468 companies at 948 and Columbia Sportswear
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01132-00279469-00280105 at 982
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01133-00280106-00280669 topic taxes and budgets
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01134-00280670-00280978 Oregon's biennial state budget 2.6
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01135-00280979-00281254 billion dollars in 2017 comprises
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01136-00281255-00281476 general funds federal funds lottery
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01137-00281477-00281710 funds and other funds Oregon is one of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01138-00281711-00281952 only five states that have no sales tax
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01139-00281953-00282187 Oregon voters have been resolute in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01140-00282188-00282409 their opposition to a sales tax voting
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01141-00282410-00282592 proposals down each of the nine times
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01142-00282593-00282867 they've been presented the last vote for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01143-00282868-00283132 1993's measure one was defeated by a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01144-00283133-00283315 seventy five to twenty five percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01145-00283316-00283537 margin the state also has a minimum
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01146-00283538-00283816 corporate tax of only $150 a year
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01147-00283817-00284059 amounting to five point six percent of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01148-00284060-00284308 the general fund in the 2005 to seven
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01149-00284309-00284533 biennium data about which businesses pay
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01150-00284534-00284701 the minimum is not available to the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01151-00284702-00284974 public as a result the state relies on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01152-00284975-00285184 property and income taxes for its
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01153-00285185-00285433 revenue Oregon has the fifth highest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01154-00285434-00285606 personal income tax in the nation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01155-00285607-00285919 according to the US Census Bureau Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01156-00285920-00286147 ranked 41st out of the 50 states in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01157-00286148-00286450 taxes per capita in 2005 with an average
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01158-00286451-00286927 amount paid of 1790 1.45 a few local
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01159-00286928-00287137 governments levy sales taxes on services
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01160-00287138-00287296 the city of Ashland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01161-00287297-00287524 for example collects a 5 percent sales
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01162-00287525-00287674 tax on prepared food
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01163-00287675-00287860 the city of Portland imposes an arts
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01164-00287861-00288082 education and access income tax on
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01165-00288083-00288388 residents over 18 a flat tax of $35
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01166-00288389-00288570 collected from individuals earning
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01167-00288571-00288832 $1,000 or more per year and residing in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01168-00288833-00288985 a household with an annual income
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01169-00288986-00289267 exceeding the federal poverty level the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01170-00289268-00289480 tax funds Portland schoolteachers and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01171-00289481-00289717 art focused nonprofit organizations in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01172-00289718-00289933 Portland the state of Oregon also allows
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01173-00289934-00290152 transit district to Le'Veon income tax
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01174-00290153-00290419 on employers in the self-employed the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01175-00290420-00290611 state currently collects the tax for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01176-00290612-00290800 TriMet in the lane transit district
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01177-00290801-00290977 Oregon is one of six states with a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01178-00290978-00291334 revenue limit the kicker law stipulates
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01179-00291335-00291577 that when income tax collections exceed
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01180-00291578-00291754 state economists estimates by two
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01181-00291755-00291988 percent or more any excess must be
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01182-00291989-00292228 returned to taxpayers since the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01183-00292229-00292519 enactment of the law in 1979 refunds
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01184-00292520-00292696 have been issued for seven of the eleven
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01185-00292697-00293038 by enniaa in 2000 ballot measure 86
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01186-00293039-00293362 converted the kicker law from statute to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01187-00293363-00293563 the Oregon Constitution and changed some
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01188-00293564-00293866 of its provisions federal payments to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01189-00293867-00294037 county governments that were granted
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01190-00294038-00294225 replaced timber revenue when logging in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01191-00294226-00294424 national forests was restricted in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01192-00294425-00294616 1990s have been under threat of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01193-00294617-00294889 suspension for several years this issue
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01194-00294890-00295101 dominates the future revenue of rural
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01195-00295102-00295291 counties which have come to rely on the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01196-00295292-00295500 payments in providing essential services
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01197-00295501-00295782 0.55 percent of state revenues are spent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01198-00295783-00296074 on public education 23 percent on Human
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01199-00296075-00296252 Services Child Protective Services
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01200-00296253-00296596 Medicaid and senior services 17 percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01201-00296597-00296826 on public safety and 5 percent on other
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01202-00296827-00297400 services
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01203-00297401-00297935 topic demographics
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01204-00297936-00298275 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01205-00298276-00298789 topic population
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01206-00298790-00298977 the united states census bureau
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01207-00298978-00299239 estimates that the population of oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01208-00299240-00299457 was 4 million ninety three thousand four
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01209-00299458-00299775 hundred sixty five on July 1st 2016 a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01210-00299776-00299971 six point eight percent increase over
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01211-00299972-00300255 the 2010 united states census Oregon was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01212-00300256-00300675 the USS top moving destination in 2014
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01213-00300676-00300873 with two families moving into the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01214-00300874-00301087 for everyone moving out of state sixty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01215-00301088-00301278 six point four percent to thirty three
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01216-00301279-00301578 point six percent Oregon was also the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01217-00301579-00301830 top moving destination in 2013 and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01218-00301831-00302098 second most popular destination in 2010
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01219-00302099-00302389 through 2012 as of the 2010 census the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01220-00302390-00302580 population of Oregon was three million
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01221-00302581-00302754 eight hundred thirty one thousand
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01222-00302755-00303009 seventy four the gender makeup of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01223-00303010-00303204 state was forty nine point five percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01224-00303205-00303476 male and fifty point five percent female
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01225-00303477-00303732 twenty two point six percent of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01226-00303733-00303892 population were under the age of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01227-00303893-00304138 eighteen sixty three point five percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01228-00304139-00304410 were between the ages of 18 and 64 and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01229-00304411-00304785 12.5% were 65 years of age or older the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01230-00304786-00304956 table below shows the racial composition
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01231-00304957-00305282 of Oregon's population as of 2016
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01232-00305283-00305604 according to the 2016 American Community
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01233-00305605-00305815 Survey twelve point four percent of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01234-00305816-00306051 Oregon's population were of Hispanic or
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01235-00306052-00306324 Latino origin of any race Mexican ten
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01236-00306325-00306619 point four percent Puerto Rican 0.3%
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01237-00306620-00307050 Cuban 0.1% and other Hispanic or Latino
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01238-00307051-00307350 origin one point five percent the five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01239-00307351-00307569 largest ancestry groups were German
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01240-00307570-00307908 19.1% Irish eleven point seven percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01241-00307909-00308123 English eleven point three percent
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01242-00308124-00308379 American five point three percent and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01243-00308380-00308607 Norwegian three point eight percent the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01244-00308608-00308794 state's most populous ethnic group
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01245-00308795-00308997 non-hispanic white has declined from
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01246-00308998-00309183 ninety five point eight percent in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01247-00309184-00309402 nineteen seventy to seventy seven point
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01248-00309403-00309582 eight percent in 2012
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01249-00309583-00309798 as of 2011 thirty eight point seven
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01250-00309799-00310008 percent of Oregon's children under one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01251-00310009-00310189 year of age belong to minority groups
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01252-00310190-00310401 meaning they had at least one parent who
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01253-00310402-00310663 was not a non-hispanic white of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01254-00310664-00311025 state's total population 22.6% was under
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01255-00311026-00311239 the age eighteen and seventy seven point
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01256-00311240-00311453 four percent were eighteen or older
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01257-00311454-00311746 the center of population of Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01258-00311747-00311955 located in Linn County in the city of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01259-00311956-00312178 Lyons around 60
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01260-00312179-00312394 percent of Oregon's population resides
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01261-00312395-00312613 within the Portland metropolitan area as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01262-00312614-00312745 of 2009
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01263-00312746-00313198 Oregon's population comprised 360 1393
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01264-00313199-00313441 foreign-born residents of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01265-00313442-00313651 foreign-born residents the three largest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01266-00313652-00313843 groups are originally from countries in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01267-00313844-00314368 Latin America 47.8% Asia 27.4% and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01268-00314369-00315039 Europe 16.5%
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01269-00315040-00315694 topic religious and secular communities
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01270-00315695-00315928 Oregon has frequently been cited by
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01271-00315929-00316117 statistical agencies for having a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01272-00316118-00316276 smaller percentage of religious
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01273-00316277-00316479 communities than other US states
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01274-00316480-00316822 according to a 2009 Gallup poll Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01275-00316823-00317041 was paired with Vermont as the two least
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01276-00317042-00317341 religious states in the United States in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01277-00317342-00317686 the same 2009 Gallup poll 69% of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01278-00317687-00317890 Oregonians identified themselves as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01279-00317891-00318154 being Christian the largest Christian
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01280-00318155-00318349 denominations in Oregon by number of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01281-00318350-00318568 adherents in 2010 were the Roman
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01282-00318569-00318877 Catholic Church with 398 thousand seven
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01283-00318878-00319054 hundred thirty-eight the Church of Jesus
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01284-00319055-00319330 Christ of latter-day saints with 147
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01285-00319331-00319582 thousand nine hundred sixty-five and the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01286-00319583-00319762 Assemblies of God with forty five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01287-00319763-00320164 thousand 492 Oregon also contains the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01288-00320165-00320329 largest community of Russian Old
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01289-00320330-00320503 Believers to be found in the United
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01290-00320504-00320554 States
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01291-00320555-00320785 the Northwest Tibetan cultural
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01292-00320786-00321001 Association is headquartered in Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01293-00321002-00321235 there are an estimated six thousand to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01294-00321236-00321469 ten thousand Muslims in Oregon most of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01295-00321470-00321673 whom live in and around Portland most of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01296-00321674-00321868 the remainder of the population had no
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01297-00321869-00322117 religious affiliation the 2008 American
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01298-00322118-00322375 religious identification survey Aris
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01299-00322376-00322588 placed Oregon is tied with Nevada in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01300-00322589-00322774 fifth place of US states having the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01301-00322775-00322897 highest percentage of residents
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01302-00322898-00323197 identifying themselves as non-religious
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01303-00323198-00323596 at 24% secular organizations include the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01304-00323597-00323857 Center for inquiry CFI the humanists of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01305-00323858-00324118 Greater Portland hgp and the United
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01306-00324119-00324460 States atheists USA during much of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01307-00324461-00324736 1990s a group of conservative Christians
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01308-00324737-00324949 formed the Oregon citizens Alliance and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01309-00324950-00325123 unsuccessfully tried to pass legislation
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01310-00325124-00325432 to prevent gay sensitivity training in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01311-00325433-00325693 public schools and legal benefits for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01312-00325694-00326098 homosexual couples birth data note
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01313-00326099-00326278 births in table don't add up because
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01314-00326279-00326461 Hispanics are counted both by their
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01315-00326462-00326650 ethnicity and by their race giving a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01316-00326651-00326926 higher overall number since 2016 data
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01317-00326927-00327145 for births of white Hispanic origin are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01318-00327146-00327322 not collected but included in one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01319-00327323-00327532 Hispanic group persons of Hispanic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01320-00327533-00327847 origin may be of any race
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01321-00327848-00328157 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01322-00328158-00328717 topic future projections
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01323-00328718-00328925 projections from the US Census Bureau
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01324-00328926-00329189 show Oregon's population increasing to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01325-00329190-00329375 four million eight hundred thirty three
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01326-00329376-00329585 thousand nine hundred eighteen by twenty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01327-00329586-00329789 thirty an increase of forty one point
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01328-00329790-00329960 three percent compared to the state's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01329-00329961-00330152 population of three million four hundred
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01330-00330153-00330383 twenty one thousand three hundred ninety
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01331-00330384-00330626 nine in two thousand the state's own
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01332-00330627-00330872 projections forecasts a total population
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01333-00330873-00331076 of five million four hundred twenty five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01334-00331077-00331815 thousand four hundred eight in 2040
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01335-00331816-00332340 topic education
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01336-00332341-00332679 you
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01337-00332680-00333274 topic primary and secondary
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01338-00333275-00333613 in the 2013-2014 school year the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01339-00333614-00333901 had 567 thousand students in public
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01340-00333902-00334239 primary and secondary schools there were
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01341-00334240-00334582 197 public school districts served by 19
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01342-00334583-00334876 education service districts in 2016 the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01343-00334877-00335038 largest school districts in the state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01344-00335039-00335290 were Portland Public Schools comprising
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01345-00335291-00335461 forty seven thousand three hundred
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01346-00335462-00335668 twenty three students Salem Keizer
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01347-00335669-00335869 school district comprising forty
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01348-00335870-00336037 thousand five hundred sixty five
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01349-00336038-00336235 students Beaverton School District
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01350-00336236-00336469 comprising 39 thousand six hundred
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01351-00336470-00336688 twenty-five students Hillsboro School
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01352-00336689-00336922 District comprising twenty-one thousand
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01353-00336923-00337114 one hundred eighteen students in north
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01354-00337115-00337315 Clackamas school district comprising
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01355-00337316-00337671 seventeen thousand fifty three students
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01356-00337672-00337918 topic colleges and universities
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01357-00337919-00338167 especially since the 1990 passage of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01358-00338168-00338398 measure 5 which set limits on property
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01359-00338399-00338626 tax levels Oregon has struggled to fund
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01360-00338627-00338926 higher education since then Oregon has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01361-00338927-00339124 cut its higher education budget and now
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01362-00339125-00339340 ranks 46th in the country and state
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01363-00339341-00339451 spending per student
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01364-00339452-00339799 however 2007 legislation funded the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01365-00339800-00339976 university system far beyond the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01366-00339977-00340168 governor's requested budget though still
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01367-00340169-00340458 capping tuition increases at 3% per year
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01368-00340459-00340747 Oregon supports a total of seven public
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01369-00340748-00340975 universities and one affiliate it is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01370-00340976-00341125 home to three public research
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01371-00341126-00341395 universities the University of Oregon UO
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01372-00341396-00341635 in Eugene and Oregon State University
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01373-00341636-00341914 asou in Corvallis both classified as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01374-00341915-00342103 research universities with very high
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01375-00342104-00342307 research activity in Portland State
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01376-00342308-00342502 University which is classified as a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01377-00342503-00342688 research university with high research
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01378-00342689-00342880 activity UO is the state's highest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01379-00342881-00343084 nationally ranked and most selective
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01380-00343085-00343306 public university by US News and World
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01381-00343307-00343612 Report in Forbes osoo is the state's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01382-00343613-00343831 only land grant University has the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01383-00343832-00344098 state's largest enrollment for fall 2014
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01384-00344099-00344266 and as the state's highest ranking
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01385-00344267-00344491 University according to academic ranking
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01386-00344492-00344719 of world universities Washington Monthly
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01387-00344720-00345028 and Q s world university rankings though
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01388-00345029-00345235 su receives more annual funding for
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01389-00345236-00345406 research than all other public higher
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01390-00345407-00345607 education institutions in Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01391-00345608-00345865 combined the state's urban Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01392-00345866-00346081 State University has Oregon's second
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01393-00346082-00346309 largest enrollment the state has three
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01394-00346310-00346531 regional universities Western Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01395-00346532-00346645 University in Mon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01396-00346646-00346891 Southern Oregon University in Ashland in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01397-00346892-00347116 Eastern Oregon University in La Grande
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01398-00347117-00347419 the Oregon Institute of Technology has
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01399-00347420-00347638 its campus in Klamath Falls the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01400-00347639-00347866 quasi-public Oregon Health and Science
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01401-00347867-00348166 University OHSU includes medical dental
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01402-00348167-00348373 and nursing schools and graduate
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01403-00348374-00348592 programs in biomedical sciences in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01404-00348593-00348783 Portland and a science and engineering
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01405-00348784-00349054 school in Hillsboro the state also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01406-00349055-00349369 supports 17 community colleges Oregon is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01407-00349370-00349549 home to a wide variety of private
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01408-00349550-00349741 colleges the majority of which are
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01409-00349742-00349978 located in the Portland area the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01410-00349979-00350167 University of Portland and Marylhurst
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01411-00350168-00350353 University are both Catholic
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01412-00350354-00350535 universities located in her near
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01413-00350536-00350689 Portland affiliated with the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01414-00350690-00350872 congregation of Holy Cross and the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01415-00350873-00351084 sisters of the holy names of Jesus and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01416-00351085-00351367 Mary respectively Reed College a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01417-00351368-00351544 rigorous liberal arts college in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01418-00351545-00351735 Portland was ranked by Forbes as the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01419-00351736-00352054 52nd best college in the country in 2015
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01420-00352055-00352276 other private institutions in Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01421-00352277-00352516 include Concordia University Lewis and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01422-00352517-00352726 Clark College Mull Noma University
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01423-00352727-00352930 Portland Bible College Warner Pacific
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01424-00352931-00353184 College cascade college the national
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01425-00353185-00353365 university of natural medicine and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01426-00353366-00353632 western seminary a theological graduate
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01427-00353633-00353907 school Pacific University as in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01428-00353908-00354130 Portland suburb of Forest Grove there
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01429-00354131-00354346 are also private colleges further south
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01430-00354347-00354571 in the Willamette Valley McMinnville is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01431-00354572-00354759 home to Linfield College while nearby
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01432-00354760-00355032 Newberg is home to George Fox University
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01433-00355033-00355291 Salem is home to two private schools
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01434-00355292-00355543 Willamette University the state's oldest
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01435-00355544-00355707 established during the Provisional
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01436-00355708-00355959 period and corbin university also
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01437-00355960-00356179 located near Salem as mount angel
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01438-00356180-00356422 seminary one of America's largest Roman
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01439-00356423-00356719 Catholic seminaries the state's second
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01440-00356720-00356875 Medical School the College of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01441-00356876-00357082 Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01442-00357083-00357421 Northwest is located in Lebanon Eugene
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01443-00357422-00357604 is home to three private colleges
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01444-00357605-00357853 Northwest Christian University New Hope
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01445-00357854-00358564 Christian College and Gutenberg College
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01446-00358565-00359087 topic sports
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01447-00359088-00359294 Oregon is home to three major
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01448-00359295-00359519 professional sports teams the Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01449-00359520-00359741 Trailblazers of the NBA the Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01450-00359742-00359972 thorns of the NWSL and the Portland
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01451-00359973-00360272 Timbers of MLS until 2011 the only major
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01452-00360273-00360494 professional sports team in Oregon was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01453-00360495-00360653 the Portland Trailblazers of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01454-00360654-00360946 National Basketball Association from the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01455-00360947-00361274 1970s to the 1990s the Blazers were one
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01456-00361275-00361457 of the most successful teams in the NBA
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01457-00361458-00361685 in terms of both win-loss record and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01458-00361686-00362012 attendance in the early 21st century the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01459-00362013-00362216 team's popularity declined due to
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01460-00362217-00362420 personnel and financial issues but
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01461-00362421-00362558 revived after the departure of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01462-00362559-00362708 controversial players and the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01463-00362709-00362870 acquisition of new players such as
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01464-00362871-00363161 Brandon Roy and LaMarcus Aldridge the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01465-00363162-00363344 Blazers play in the modus Center in
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01466-00363345-00363548 Portland Lloyd district which also is
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01467-00363549-00363734 home to the Portland Winterhawks of the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01468-00363735-00363896 junior Western Hockey League the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01469-00363897-00364094 Portland Timbers play at Providence Park
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01470-00364095-00364355 just west of downtown Portland the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01471-00364356-00364538 Timbers have a strong following with the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01472-00364539-00364829 team regularly selling out its games the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01473-00364830-00364985 Timbers repurposed the formerly
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01474-00364986-00365198 multi-use stadium into a soccer-specific
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01475-00365199-00365486 Stadium in fall 2010 increasing the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01476-00365487-00365726 seating in the process the Timbers
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01477-00365727-00365975 operate Portland thorns FC a women's
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01478-00365976-00366140 soccer team that has played in the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01479-00366141-00366335 National Women's Soccer League since the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01480-00366336-00366656 league's first season in 2013 the thorns
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01481-00366657-00366908 who also play at Providence Park the 1/2
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01482-00366909-00367076 league championships in the inaugural
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01483-00367077-00367418 2013 season and also in 2017 and have
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01484-00367419-00367679 been by far the NWSL attendance leader
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01485-00367680-00367976 in each of the league seasons Eugene
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01486-00367977-00368117 Salem and Hillsboro
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01487-00368118-00368318 have minor league baseball teams the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01488-00368319-00368420 Eugene emeralds
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01489-00368421-00368600 the Salem Kaiser volcanoes and the
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01490-00368601-00368813 Hillsborough hops all play in the single
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01491-00368814-00369077 a Northwest League Portland has had
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01492-00369078-00369275 minor league baseball teams in the past
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01493-00369276-00369467 including the Portland Beavers and
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01494-00369468-00369629 Portland Rockies who played most
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01495-00369630-00369824 recently at Providence Park when it was
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01496-00369825-00370151 known as PGE Park the Oregon State
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01497-00370152-00370328 Beavers and the University of Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01498-00370329-00370538 Ducks football teams of the pac-12
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01499-00370539-00370739 conference meet annually in the Civil
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01500-00370740-00371042 War both schools have had recent success
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01501-00371043-00371180 in other sports as well
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01502-00371181-00371384 Oregon State won back-to-back college
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01503-00371385-00371747 baseball championships in 2006 in 2007
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01504-00371748-00372026 winning a 3rd in 2018 and the University
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01505-00372027-00372248 of Oregon won back-to-back NC double-a
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01506-00372249-00372473 men's cross country championships in two
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01507-00372474-00373142 seven in 2008
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01508-00373143-00373695 topic sister regions
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01509-00373696-00373966 Fujian Province People's Republic of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01510-00373967-00374386 China 1984 Taiwan province Republic of
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01511-00374387-00374646 China Taiwan 1985
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01512-00374647-00375084 Toyama prefecture Japan 1991
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01513-00375085-00375349 jeollanam-do province Republic of Korea
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01514-00375350-00375801 South Korea 1996 Iraqi Kurdistan Iraq
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01515-00375802-00376319 2005
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01516-00376320-00377005 topic see also outline of Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01517-00377006-00377272 organized list of topics about Oregon
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01518-00377273-00377545 index of Oregon related articles
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01519-00377546-00377948 bibliography of Oregon history equals
+sDHo6IJPxP4-01520-00377949-00378215 equals notes
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00000-00000010-00001422 and with this just house-sit available
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00002-00004759-00007626 going in I agree
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00005-00014909-00016316 I see how get this game boys this right
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00006-00016318-00016981 the rat site
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00007-00016982-00018955 please don't make an earthquake camera
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00008-00018956-00021660 races go Christmas America
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00009-00021661-00022801 take me and price.we slaggy so I
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00010-00022802-00023355 rendered this
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00011-00023356-00023725 when you support TV on this mop yeah I
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00012-00023726-00023889 agree
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00013-00023890-00024530 good days their logo
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00014-00024531-00025762 you
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00015-00025763-00027670 to be in place yeah I guess yeah I agree
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00016-00027672-00029157 cool I agree Oh way to top we see the
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00017-00029158-00029427 Christmas Carol Doug duesy we used to
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00018-00029427-00030227 put Timmy into small TV a sandy humping
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00019-00030228-00031364 great Oh Jimmy's to the world he's dead
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00020-00031364-00031848 no can't see everything over Sutton this
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00021-00031849-00032633 is the recipe
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00025-00043128-00043529 I got up with this fear
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00026-00043530-00044120 chinnu salsa can remember this
+sFmAeKzsyW4-00027-00044121-00044468 all that it does so
+sGCWHXEFihY-00000-00000014-00000326 the University of Washington College of
+sGCWHXEFihY-00001-00000327-00000596 Engineering Co is the engineering unit
+sGCWHXEFihY-00002-00000597-00001010 of the university in autumn 2018 the co
+sGCWHXEFihY-00003-00001011-00001214 had an enrollment of eight thousand one
+sGCWHXEFihY-00004-00001215-00002023 hundred and twenty-five students topic
+sGCWHXEFihY-00005-00002025-00002752 history founded in 1901 the University
+sGCWHXEFihY-00006-00002753-00002981 of Washington College of Engineering is
+sGCWHXEFihY-00007-00002982-00003191 known for innovation research and
+sGCWHXEFihY-00008-00003192-00003406 collaboration with industry and a
+sGCWHXEFihY-00009-00003407-00003602 commitment to educating a diverse
+sGCWHXEFihY-00010-00003603-00003992 population of talented students the UW
+sGCWHXEFihY-00011-00003993-00004231 College of Engineering's faculty lead
+sGCWHXEFihY-00012-00004232-00004424 the nation's engineering schools in
+sGCWHXEFihY-00013-00004425-00004685 gender diversity twenty four point two
+sGCWHXEFihY-00014-00004686-00004870 percent of our faculty are women
+sGCWHXEFihY-00015-00004871-00005092 compared to sixteen point nine percent
+sGCWHXEFihY-00016-00005093-00005522 nationally faculty of UW engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00017-00005523-00005795 have included 27 members of the National
+sGCWHXEFihY-00018-00005796-00006043 Academy of Engineering 32 sloan
+sGCWHXEFihY-00019-00006044-00006286 foundation research award recipients and
+sGCWHXEFihY-00020-00006287-00006646 two MacArthur Foundation fellows in 2017
+sGCWHXEFihY-00021-00006647-00006871 reuters ranked the UW as the most
+sGCWHXEFihY-00022-00006872-00007153 innovative public university in the u.s.
+sGCWHXEFihY-00023-00007154-00007603 from 2012 to 2017 85 companies were
+sGCWHXEFihY-00024-00007604-00007892 started by UW Engineering students and
+sGCWHXEFihY-00025-00007893-00008369 faculty or technology over 50% of UW
+sGCWHXEFihY-00026-00008370-00008671 startups in FY 18 came from the College
+sGCWHXEFihY-00027-00008672-00009038 of Engineering UW sponsored research
+sGCWHXEFihY-00028-00009039-00009370 totals over 1 billion dollars annually
+sGCWHXEFihY-00029-00009371-00010006 from 2012 to 2017 1128 innovations were
+sGCWHXEFihY-00030-00010007-00010516 reported and 1824 patents were filed
+sGCWHXEFihY-00031-00010517-00010753 engineering research expenditures
+sGCWHXEFihY-00032-00010754-00011263 totaled 153 million dollars in FY 18 in
+sGCWHXEFihY-00033-00011264-00011674 FY 18 industry sponsored research for UW
+sGCWHXEFihY-00034-00011675-00011945 Engineering totaled 14 point six million
+sGCWHXEFihY-00035-00011946-00012292 dollars in autumn 2017 the college began
+sGCWHXEFihY-00036-00012293-00012674 a direct to college admission process by
+sGCWHXEFihY-00037-00012675-00012877 which prospective freshmen can apply
+sGCWHXEFihY-00038-00012878-00013115 directly to the college to be assured a
+sGCWHXEFihY-00039-00013116-00013385 place in an engineering major
+sGCWHXEFihY-00040-00013386-00013591 accepted students must still meet
+sGCWHXEFihY-00041-00013593-00013832 minimum progress requirements to enter a
+sGCWHXEFihY-00042-00013833-00014132 major the process was created in
+sGCWHXEFihY-00043-00014133-00014341 response to the growing competition at
+sGCWHXEFihY-00044-00014343-00014537 the college where fewer than half of
+sGCWHXEFihY-00045-00014538-00014753 undergraduates who apply to major in
+sGCWHXEFihY-00046-00014754-00015152 engineering are accepted topic
+sGCWHXEFihY-00047-00015153-00015335 departments the departments in the
+sGCWHXEFihY-00048-00015336-00015551 college our Aeronautics and Astronautics
+sGCWHXEFihY-00049-00015552-00015791 bio engineering Chemical Engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00050-00015791-00015976 civil and environmental engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00051-00015977-00016183 computer science and engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00052-00016184-00016369 Electrical and Computer Engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00053-00016369-00016637 human centered design and engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00054-00016638-00016828 industrial and systems engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00055-00016829-00017041 materials science and engineering
+sGCWHXEFihY-00056-00017042-00017398 mechanical engineering
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00000-00000192-00000415 hi this is anita this is tyler we hit a
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00001-00000416-00000599 thousand dollars for the wounded warrior
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00002-00000600-00000854 project so we're going to do a special
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00003-00000855-00002567 twice pie here we go
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00004-00002568-00004270 yourself first hurry up
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00005-00004271-00005038 whenever you're ready you ready
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00006-00005039-00005622 thanks for raising a thousand dollars
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00007-00005623-00005759 this is daniel
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00008-00005760-00005863 we had a thousand dollars for the
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00009-00005864-00006054 wounded warrior project so we get to do
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00010-00006055-00006254 a special twice pod
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00011-00006255-00006422 put your hands on
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00012-00006423-00006798 just put your hands on your hands
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00013-00006800-00007063 all right daniel
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00014-00007064-00007246 hi this is abby this is kaley we hit
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00015-00007247-00007375 thousand dollars for wounded warrior
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00016-00007376-00007542 project so they get to do quite surprise
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00017-00007543-00007687 you ready close your eyes i gotta do
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00018-00007688-00009058 this one ready
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00019-00009059-00009399 [Applause]
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00020-00009400-00009623 hi this is zach this is tammy we reached
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00021-00009624-00009767 a thousand dollars for wounded warrior
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00022-00009768-00011006 project so twice
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00023-00011007-00011359 remember i can run away you can't
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00024-00011360-00012174 [Laughter]
+sLdGsbR3O_E-00025-00012175-00012484 all right
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00000-00000000-00000214 hey everyone dave here and today i am
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00001-00000215-00000438 obsessing over this one particular
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00002-00000440-00000734 thought so i am making a passionate plea
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00003-00000735-00000902 to cbs
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00004-00000903-00001111 i know who should be the next host of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00005-00001112-00001895 the late late show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00006-00001896-00002110 so for just a little bit of context the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00007-00002111-00002310 last late night talk show that i really
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00008-00002311-00002550 really loved was craig ferguson's
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00009-00002551-00003156 version of the late late show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00010-00003157-00003415 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00011-00003415-00003638 craig was playful and goofy and always
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00012-00003639-00003886 pushing for absurdism whenever possible
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00013-00003887-00004079 he did sketches and impressions and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00014-00004079-00004295 characters and he interviewed guests in
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00015-00004296-00004422 monologues all the things you're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00016-00004423-00004663 supposed to do but he always put his own
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00017-00004664-00004863 unique spin on it he used the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00018-00004864-00005022 traditional trappings of late night as a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00019-00005023-00005191 framework to do whatever the hell he
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00020-00005192-00005447 wanted and it felt like he was getting
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00021-00005448-00005663 away with something every episode was
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00022-00005664-00005847 like a party hosted by your weirdest
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00023-00005848-00006086 funniest friend making late night fun
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00024-00006087-00006263 while still fitting into the late night
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00025-00006264-00006486 box yep it's another edition of we don't
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00026-00006487-00006710 give a crap television
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00027-00006711-00006919 when he left he was replaced by james
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00028-00006920-00007095 corden a man i have
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00029-00007095-00007263 no particular feelings about no matter
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00030-00007264-00007427 how hard i try
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00031-00007428-00008199 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00032-00008200-00008342 i know there are plenty of people who
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00033-00008343-00008535 like him and there are no shortage of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00034-00008536-00008751 people who despise him and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00035-00008752-00008974 i just can't muster up a feeling i gave
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00036-00008975-00009199 his version a try and it was
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00037-00009200-00009310 fine
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00038-00009311-00009455 gordon surrounded himself with some
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00039-00009456-00009655 truly talented people both on stage and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00040-00009656-00009831 behind the scenes and he certainly
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00041-00009832-00009967 steered into the playfulness of his
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00042-00009968-00010159 predecessor but he didn't quite go for
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00043-00010160-00010351 that absurdism that made the playfulness
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00044-00010352-00010591 pop his show always felt like
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00045-00010592-00010767 watching rich and famous people play
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00046-00010768-00011038 games which can be a lot of fun if you
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00047-00011039-00011263 like those rich and famous people but
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00048-00011264-00011487 nothing about the show's own identity or
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00049-00011488-00011678 gordon's identity as a host really drew
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00050-00011679-00011887 me in so now corton has announced that
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00051-00011888-00012103 he is leaving the late late show and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00052-00012104-00012287 with the caveat that it would be really
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00053-00012288-00012438 nice to give this slot to someone who
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00054-00012439-00012663 isn't a cis-head white man
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00055-00012664-00012863 this is network television and they're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00056-00012863-00013094 gonna do what they're gonna do so if
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00057-00013095-00013263 we're giving the late late show to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00058-00013263-00013430 another white dude
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00059-00013431-00013719 i think there's only one choice my name
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00060-00013719-00013951 is paul f tompkins and i do paul f
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00061-00013952-00014375 tompkins-based comedy
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00062-00014376-00014558 if you're not familiar with me i don't
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00063-00014559-00014727 blame you i'm just getting to know
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00064-00014728-00015063 myself
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00065-00015063-00015251 here's what's going to happen
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00066-00015252-00015615 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00067-00015616-00015783 all f time time
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00068-00015784-00015983 it's paul f tomkin time
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00069-00015984-00016183 it's paul f tompkins time
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00070-00016184-00016422 it's all up talking time
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00071-00016423-00016679 the late late show with paul f tompkins
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00072-00016680-00016871 now i know what you're asking what is
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00073-00016872-00017222 this a crossover episode paul f tompkins
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00074-00017223-00017575 is the funniest man alive period the man
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00075-00017576-00017735 deserves to be on television more no
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00076-00017736-00017943 matter what type of show he's on but i
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00077-00017944-00018150 think he would be especially well suited
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00078-00018151-00018455 to a late night talk show because
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00079-00018456-00018630 well he's great at pretty much
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00080-00018631-00018855 everything the job requires ostensibly
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00081-00018856-00019022 the number one job of a talk show host
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00082-00019023-00019255 is interviewing celebrities and pft has
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00083-00019256-00019527 proven to be an expert at that i mean
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00084-00019528-00019727 have you seen speakeasy welcome once
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00085-00019728-00019967 again to speak easy i am still paul f
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00086-00019968-00020167 tompkins and our guest today you're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00087-00020168-00020335 going to lose your mind ladies and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00088-00020336-00020486 gentlemen most of the ladies if we're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00089-00020487-00020807 honest mr nathan fillion nathan hello on
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00090-00020808-00020991 the youtube series speakeasy paul
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00091-00020992-00021158 interviewed a number of celebrities over
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00092-00021159-00021343 drinks some of the celebrities were
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00093-00021344-00021543 friends and colleagues of his and some
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00094-00021544-00021711 of them were people he accidentally
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00095-00021712-00021871 created beef with but they managed to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00096-00021872-00021984 bury the hatchet
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00097-00021985-00022407 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00098-00022408-00022583 the chats were insightful going deeper
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00099-00022584-00022758 than the traditional celebrity interview
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00100-00022759-00022919 and they often reached heartwarming
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00101-00022920-00023094 places but they were still funny
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00102-00023095-00023286 throughout thanks to paul's quick wit
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00103-00023287-00023527 and his instant repartee and chemistry
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00104-00023528-00023735 with every celebrity he talked to so
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00105-00023736-00023942 i've been desperately trying to find
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00106-00023943-00024119 stability i've been trying to get on a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00107-00024120-00024335 tv show forever i do pilot season every
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00108-00024336-00024550 year i always try to get on a tv show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00109-00024551-00024878 and this year again doing pilot season i
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00110-00024879-00025119 read the script that i loved so much
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00111-00025120-00025367 but it's shot in new york but it was the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00112-00025368-00025646 first time that i was like
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00113-00025647-00025927 i can't was that scary yes it was super
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00114-00025927-00026039 scary
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00115-00026039-00026231 and then i didn't get a pilot
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00116-00026232-00026399 but still i was like
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00117-00026400-00026623 wow i'm doing this i'm saying no
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00118-00026624-00026839 putting myself first how long did it
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00119-00026839-00027167 take before that felt good it doesn't it
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00120-00027168-00027543 didn't i guess when i got the next pilot
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00121-00027544-00027743 so there is a part of me uh that keeps
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00122-00027744-00027862 going and there is a part of me that
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00123-00027863-00028062 gets anxious that i have to keep going
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00124-00028063-00028327 because uh i worked so hard for no money
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00125-00028327-00028535 for so so long and now i'm able to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00126-00028536-00028718 support myself a little bit and there's
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00127-00028719-00028823 always that fear in the back of my head
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00128-00028824-00029007 that if i stop
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00129-00029008-00029095 um
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00130-00029095-00029246 then maybe who knows what'll happen
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00131-00029247-00029423 it'll all go away right i got here by
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00132-00029424-00029583 not stopping yeah and somebody's like
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00133-00029583-00029695 somebody's going to come in and say
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00134-00029695-00029999 you're not allowed to stop no
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00135-00030000-00030246 i just went swimming no stopping oh and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00136-00030247-00030390 it's going to be you who doesn't it'll
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00137-00030391-00030543 be me yeah you'll come here wear these
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00138-00030544-00030790 suits we don't explore a lot ourselves
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00139-00030791-00031046 scenes about ourselves that may be a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00140-00031047-00031214 direction we want to explore more this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00141-00031216-00031607 season i'm not sure yet yeah mustache
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00142-00031608-00031862 do you see this i see it
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00143-00031863-00031967 it's happening
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00144-00031968-00032167 he never no one's ever talked about this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00145-00032168-00032351 but no it's the first that's being
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00146-00032352-00032679 acknowledged he likes it it looks nice
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00147-00032680-00032990 maybe i'm biased
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00148-00032991-00033279 but i grew up watching sesame street i'm
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00149-00033280-00033687 i'm a gordon fan
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00150-00033688-00033918 who is it right nobody's not a gordon
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00151-00033919-00034151 jordan's very affable what's up what's
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00152-00034152-00034423 up what's up big boy he's an officer and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00153-00034424-00034935 a gentleman
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00154-00034936-00035095 but okay maybe you're not convinced
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00155-00035096-00035343 because speakeasy was edited and you're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00156-00035344-00035551 not sure he'd be as good at off-the-cuff
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00157-00035552-00035830 interviews to which i say have you heard
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00158-00035831-00036502 spontaneous nation
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00159-00036503-00036711 spontaneous nation was a podcast pft
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00160-00036712-00037071 hosted from 2015 to 2019. i've talked
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00161-00037072-00037279 about it before you remember uh
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00162-00037280-00037511 fantastic long-form improv you know
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00163-00037512-00038430 savannah georgia in savannah georgia
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00164-00038431-00038599 but before the improv began every
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00165-00038600-00038718 episode had an interview with a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00166-00038719-00038879 celebrity guest and those interviews
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00167-00038880-00039007 would range from hilarious to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00168-00039008-00039207 heart-wrenching paul had a knack for
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00169-00039208-00039471 really getting personal with guests and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00170-00039472-00039727 it would be a great asset to late night
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00171-00039728-00039967 i believe i was afraid to learn how to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00172-00039968-00040679 tell time
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00173-00040680-00040927 hey hey
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00174-00040928-00041023 no
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00175-00041024-00041118 no
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00176-00041119-00041318 this is a mission that this man is
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00177-00041319-00041430 making
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00178-00041431-00041551 we're not going to laugh at his
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00179-00041552-00042071 childhood self child childhood right
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00180-00042072-00042246 okay but interviewing is only part of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00181-00042247-00042415 the equation how does he do at
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00182-00042416-00042695 monologues are you seriously asking that
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00183-00042696-00042846 question
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00184-00042847-00042999 no you're not because you're just a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00185-00043000-00043174 straw man i concocted to set up each
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00186-00043175-00043374 point but yes he can do monologues
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00187-00043375-00043479 ladies and gentlemen i've been a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00188-00043480-00043830 stand-up comedian since i was 17 years
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00189-00043831-00044135 old 17 i was a child
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00190-00044136-00044455 a child going to work in comedy clubs it
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00191-00044456-00044823 was downright dickensian
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00192-00044824-00045007 there i was just out of high school and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00193-00045008-00045246 uh my tattered cap and my face and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00194-00045247-00045430 i went to a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00195-00045431-00045630 comedy club
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00196-00045631-00045879 please send me i tell some jokes not
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00197-00045880-00046183 only is paul a legendary stand-up he can
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00198-00046184-00046374 improvise monologues on the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00199-00046375-00046574 aforementioned spontaneous nation and
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00200-00046575-00046807 his earlier pod f tomcast paul would
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00201-00046808-00047023 start each show with a gently spoken yet
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00202-00047024-00047318 hilarious soliloquy off the top of his
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00203-00047319-00047630 head the podcast started
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00204-00047631-00047927 which podcast you ask
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00205-00047928-00048190 that is a strange question for you
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00206-00048191-00048455 because you downloaded this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00207-00048456-00048646 and you're listening to it you chose to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00208-00048647-00048879 do this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00209-00048880-00049030 i'm assuming
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00210-00049031-00049167 look i don't know what kind of freaky
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00211-00049168-00049294 thing you got going on
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00212-00049295-00049462 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00213-00049463-00049623 some role play
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00214-00049624-00049830 that went south
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00215-00049831-00050007 okay but these days we turn to our late
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00216-00050008-00050239 night host for political takes can pft
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00217-00050240-00050367 provide those
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00218-00050368-00050567 have you forgotten he's already hosted a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00219-00050568-00050720 political satire show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00220-00050721-00051454 [Music]
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00221-00051455-00051679 no you shut up on fusion featured pft
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00222-00051679-00051870 moderating political debates with henson
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00223-00051871-00052087 alternative puppets the same puppets you
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00224-00052088-00052279 see at puppet up if you happen to be in
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00225-00052279-00052526 la or at not scary farm the show was
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00226-00052527-00052759 mostly a parody of political television
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00227-00052760-00052982 taking pundit panel shows and turning
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00228-00052983-00053223 them into an absurd puppet panel show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00229-00053224-00053366 but there were still genuine sharp
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00230-00053367-00053582 political jokes among the nonsense have
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00231-00053583-00053759 you been vaccinated of course i'm
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00232-00053760-00054007 vaccinated i'm not an idiot
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00233-00054008-00054215 i just think idiots should be allowed to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00234-00054216-00054447 die from idiot diseases that they want
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00235-00054448-00054682 to if people don't want to learn from
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00236-00054683-00055038 history that's their prerogative so yes
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00237-00055039-00055207 paul has done political comedy on
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00238-00055208-00055415 television before i'm just asking for
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00239-00055416-00055535 him to be offered the same chance
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00240-00055536-00055807 without being upstaged by puppets i mean
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00241-00055808-00055959 nothing against puppets of course i
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00242-00055960-00056103 won't complain if puppets still make
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00243-00056104-00056294 their way onto his version of the late
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00244-00056295-00056511 late show but i'd like to see him host a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00245-00056512-00056766 show as himself a show built around his
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00246-00056767-00056999 full comedic persona and not just this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00247-00057000-00057182 pundit moderator persona version of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00248-00057183-00057391 himself i'd like a late night show that
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00249-00057391-00057591 gives paul a chance to show his full
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00250-00057591-00057799 range and also that doesn't get
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00251-00057800-00057966 cancelled unceremoniously without
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00252-00057967-00058294 warning but can he do sketches the man
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00253-00058295-00058882 was on mr
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00254-00058883-00059303 show yeah you know mr show legendary hbo
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00255-00059304-00059511 sketch comedy series it starts saul
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00256-00059512-00059711 goodman and tobias fukay and spongebob
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00257-00059712-00059887 squarepants and as far as we know only
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00258-00059888-00060079 one cast member who stormed the capital
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00259-00060079-00060326 pft was on it as well i think he has
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00260-00060327-00060606 sketch comedy cred on top of which paul
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00261-00060607-00060835 has his own regular live variety show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00262-00060836-00061087 bryotopia and if you're ever in la to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00263-00061088-00061238 see the show or if you just buy the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00264-00061239-00061487 recordings off of paul's vimeo page you
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00265-00061488-00061726 know that this show has everything he
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00266-00061727-00062006 could need for a talk show monologue
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00267-00062007-00062294 interviews musical guests and yes
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00268-00062295-00062519 sketches with paul playing both wacky
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00269-00062520-00062679 characters and the straight man
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00270-00062679-00062863 depending on the sketch the man is
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00271-00062864-00063047 giving us everything we could want from
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00272-00063048-00063230 a late night show and he's putting it
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00273-00063232-00063519 all together himself okay so paul f
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00274-00063520-00063726 tompkins is good at literally everything
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00275-00063727-00063966 required to host a late night talk show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00276-00063967-00064191 but is he famous enough to host a late
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00277-00064191-00064319 night talk show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00278-00064320-00064454 first off
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00279-00064455-00064542 yes
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00280-00064544-00064687 second off
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00281-00064688-00064903 does it matter conan o'brien wasn't
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00282-00064904-00065103 exactly a household name when he started
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00283-00065104-00065303 but his legacy has been cemented so much
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00284-00065304-00065454 that he's moved on to taking over
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00285-00065455-00065799 podcasting a medium that pft has already
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00286-00065800-00066167 conquered
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00287-00066168-00066703 hi my name is paul f thompkins
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00288-00066704-00066871 and i feel
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00289-00066872-00067159 cautiously optimistic about being conan
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00290-00067160-00067399 o'brien's friend good lord we've been
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00291-00067400-00067623 messing around uh with i think this is
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00292-00067624-00067782 called a podcast we don't know what this
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00293-00067783-00067903 is it's really
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00294-00067904-00068079 probably doesn't earn the title but
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00295-00068080-00068294 you've mastered this form uh such a long
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00296-00068295-00068526 time ago third off paul f tompkins
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00297-00068527-00068694 already had his own network late night
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00298-00068695-00069038 talk show 10 years ago
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00299-00069039-00069294 in the fictional world of the ctv cw
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00300-00069295-00069550 drama the la complex what's he doing
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00301-00069551-00069799 here what are you doing here what am i
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00302-00069800-00070079 it's my show the paul f tompkins show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00303-00070080-00070199 you don't even know what job you're
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00304-00070200-00070399 interviewing for all he said was a talk
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00305-00070400-00070582 show do we really want the real world to
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00306-00070583-00070782 be worse than the world of a canadian
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00307-00070783-00070999 american television drama but the bottom
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00308-00071000-00071231 line is i think paul has a better chance
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00309-00071232-00071423 than just about anyone of bringing the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00310-00071424-00071599 same kind of spark to late night that
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00311-00071600-00071806 craig ferguson brought once before
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00312-00071807-00072038 because just like craig paul not only
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00313-00072039-00072255 excels at everything i've mentioned but
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00314-00072256-00072487 he puts his own fresh creative spin on
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00315-00072488-00072743 all of it it's kind of his thing so much
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00316-00072744-00072935 of pft's career is based on blending the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00317-00072936-00073167 aesthetics of classic showbiz with a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00318-00073168-00073335 modern quick wit and progressive
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00319-00073336-00073535 viewpoint taking the trappings of the
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00320-00073536-00073719 entertainment he grew up with and doing
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00321-00073720-00073950 whatever he wants with it the exact
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00322-00073951-00074238 thing late night needs paul f tompkins
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00323-00074239-00074479 is the funniest man alive and he's a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00324-00074480-00074711 master of literally every skill set
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00325-00074712-00074959 required to host a late night talk show
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00326-00074960-00075167 the only reason not to give him the slot
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00327-00075168-00075438 is if he doesn't want it which to be
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00328-00075439-00075662 fair maybe he doesn't i haven't asked
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00329-00075663-00075903 him about it but until he says i don't
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00330-00075904-00076094 want to host the late late show you
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00331-00076095-00076399 should at least offer it to him anyway i
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00332-00076400-00076591 guess the target audience of this video
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00333-00076592-00076711 is um
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00334-00076712-00076999 cbs executives so uh if you are not a
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00335-00077000-00077238 cbs executive um
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00336-00077239-00077494 i guess disregard but if you know any
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00337-00077495-00077719 cbs executives please forward this video
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00338-00077720-00077806 to them
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00339-00077807-00077982 uh and if you like this video you might
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00340-00077983-00078150 like other videos in the obsession of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00341-00078151-00078335 the moment series where i babble
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00342-00078336-00078535 passionately about other dumb things
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00343-00078536-00078711 that matter to me and you might like
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00344-00078712-00078871 other videos where i talk specifically
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00345-00078872-00079135 about podcasts i like not all of said
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00346-00079136-00079406 podcast feature pft but you know most of
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00347-00079407-00079655 them do and until next time this is dave
+sL_TJTcjEt4-00348-00079656-00079995 signing off
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00000-00000056-00000366 yo it's me samurai guy here
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00001-00000367-00000551 and today
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00002-00000552-00000823 because you know me as a musou youtuber
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00003-00000824-00001062 by now
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00004-00001063-00001254 we're gonna go talk about something a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00005-00001255-00001647 little different
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00006-00001648-00001863 scary movies
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00007-00001864-00001998 yeah
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00008-00002000-00002087 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00009-00002088-00002334 i'm 18 and i'm
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00010-00002335-00002583 scary movie age but
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00011-00002584-00002663 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00012-00002664-00002807 of course
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00013-00002808-00003126 me being a big wuss
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00014-00003127-00003415 never see them like physically
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00015-00003415-00003615 so that's why i always go on wikipedia
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00016-00003615-00003919 and see what what the story is all about
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00017-00003920-00004063 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00018-00004064-00004303 this is my
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00019-00004304-00004511 actually
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00020-00004512-00004695 was
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00021-00004696-00004767 the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00022-00004768-00005063 exorcist was my
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00023-00005064-00005391 lead so the x-voices was my first
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00024-00005392-00005575 ever movie
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00025-00005576-00005718 that i
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00026-00005719-00006079 know and that was probably because
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00027-00006080-00006118 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00028-00006119-00006431 [Music]
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00029-00006431-00006623 because
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00030-00006623-00006878 i played my brother and i
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00031-00006879-00006991 played
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00032-00006992-00007198 with some friends this game called the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00033-00007200-00007423 scary move a scary maze game if you
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00034-00007423-00007574 remember that
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00035-00007575-00007903 uh so that's where this girl came from
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00036-00007904-00008095 like after some
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00037-00008095-00008214 years
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00038-00008215-00008407 like because like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00039-00008408-00008639 the scream and the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00040-00008640-00008863 demonic face and everything
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00041-00008864-00009151 that's uh where
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00042-00009152-00009383 i finally found it through some like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00043-00009384-00009695 music videos of the movie along with two
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00044-00009696-00009951 of uh tubular bells
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00045-00009952-00010206 which is the theme for the entire movie
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00046-00010207-00010551 that only plays in the credits i think
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00047-00010552-00010751 so yeah this is
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00048-00010752-00011023 how i got the thing how i got
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00049-00011024-00011214 to know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00050-00011215-00011551 how the exorcist was a thing
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00051-00011552-00011774 just to go alone just scream jack
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00052-00011775-00011895 sources
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00053-00011896-00012135 and then the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00054-00012136-00012279 but i know that
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00055-00012280-00012406 [Music]
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00056-00012407-00012606 my brothers also watch
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00057-00012607-00012751 um this
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00058-00012752-00012983 like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00059-00012984-00013471 realistic
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00060-00013472-00013630 uh type movie
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00061-00013631-00013943 called the paranormal activities
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00062-00013944-00014383 which is like where the cameraman was
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00063-00014384-00014511 did exist
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00064-00014512-00014607 and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00065-00014608-00014822 film the entire
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00066-00014823-00015030 like scene
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00067-00015031-00015294 so like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00068-00015295-00015503 usually because i'm a big wuss so i just
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00069-00015504-00015719 come in here and see what the story is
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00070-00015719-00015847 all about
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00071-00015847-00015943 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00072-00015944-00016255 and then like it was you know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00073-00016256-00016511 very
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00074-00016512-00016719 i actually walked in on my brother's
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00075-00016720-00016919 watching uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00076-00016920-00017247 saw actually not the first one though
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00077-00017248-00017335 i think
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00078-00017336-00017711 my letter said it's the sixth the final
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00079-00017712-00017950 the six saw
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00080-00017951-00018086 this one
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00081-00018087-00018207 yeah
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00082-00018208-00018407 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00083-00018408-00018527 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00084-00018528-00018727 of course
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00085-00018728-00019071 uh like i walked in on my two brothers
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00086-00019072-00019239 watching saw
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00087-00019240-00019358 where this
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00088-00019359-00019519 woman
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00089-00019520-00019679 was in a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00090-00019680-00019911 was in a room and the kill actually
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00091-00019912-00020230 found her and slammed her onto a table
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00092-00020231-00020455 then tied her up later with a little
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00093-00020456-00020599 trap
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00094-00020600-00020678 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00095-00020679-00021022 that probably opens up her face so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00096-00021023-00021319 that's what kind of scared me
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00097-00021320-00021591 so like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00098-00021592-00021911 that was my first
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00099-00021912-00022127 though those like encounters with scary
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00100-00022128-00022439 moves movie just
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00101-00022440-00022663 merely just by chance
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00102-00022664-00022791 you know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00103-00022792-00022919 um so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00104-00022920-00023239 basically
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00105-00023240-00023327 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00106-00023328-00023550 the exorcist
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00107-00023551-00023767 i just know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00108-00023768-00024167 that was um based on a true story
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00109-00024168-00024253 because
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00110-00024254-00024383 [Music]
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00111-00024384-00024494 you know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00112-00024495-00024894 the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00113-00024895-00024975 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00114-00024976-00025263 what the exorcist is about
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00115-00025264-00025478 is basically
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00116-00025479-00025631 like who this
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00117-00025632-00025846 girl and our mom we are living together
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00118-00025847-00026055 now in one house
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00119-00026056-00026527 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00120-00026527-00026767 and then like after
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00121-00026768-00027007 when she goes to the hospital later in
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00122-00027008-00027302 the movie um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00123-00027304-00027423 she gets
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00124-00027424-00027527 she gets
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00125-00027527-00027735 haunted by a demon
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00126-00027736-00027935 and after she plays a little bit with
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00127-00027936-00028039 her
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00128-00028039-00028239 i think uncle or
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00129-00028239-00028367 some other
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00130-00028368-00028655 elderly uh relative there
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00131-00028656-00028823 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00132-00028824-00029031 with an ouija board
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00133-00029032-00029174 she actually gets
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00134-00029175-00029518 her she actually gets the curse later on
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00135-00029519-00029718 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00136-00029719-00030056 so like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00137-00030057-00030374 [Music]
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00138-00030375-00030543 and she actually does
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00139-00030544-00030727 transform into
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00140-00030727-00030935 the demon he
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00141-00030936-00031183 that's how the how they do it is like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00142-00031183-00031327 they
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00143-00031327-00031535 that she's on her bedroom and she's in
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00144-00031536-00031751 her bedroom on her bed
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00145-00031752-00031983 and the bed is like swinging her up and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00146-00031983-00032070 down
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00147-00032072-00032255 until she like changes voice and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00148-00032256-00032558 everything until she becomes a man
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00149-00032560-00032711 but
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00150-00032712-00032983 she's still in a female body which is
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00151-00032984-00033127 kind of weird
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00152-00033128-00033495 and then like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00153-00033496-00033607 because i
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00154-00033608-00033839 because usually i just go live on the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00155-00033840-00034031 internet
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00156-00034032-00034207 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00157-00034208-00034479 that's how i know about these things
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00158-00034480-00034718 uh so i know like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00159-00034719-00035174 i know freddy krueger was a thing
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00160-00035175-00035679 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00161-00035680-00036055 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00162-00036056-00036230 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00163-00036231-00036495 buddy cougar is basically
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00164-00036496-00036983 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00165-00036984-00037071 a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00166-00037072-00037199 normal guy
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00167-00037200-00037219 who
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00168-00037220-00037671 [Music]
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00169-00037672-00037807 who like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00170-00037808-00038183 in an incident got burned in the fire
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00171-00038184-00038495 uh and then later on
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00172-00038496-00038662 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00173-00038663-00039055 that's how she that's how he haunts the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00174-00039056-00039174 people
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00175-00039175-00039502 of
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00176-00039503-00039662 springwood
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00177-00039663-00039887 not not actually
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00178-00039888-00040007 yeah of
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00179-00040008-00040207 the town that he lives in
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00180-00040208-00040351 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00181-00040352-00040502 basically she
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00182-00040503-00040655 so basically
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00183-00040656-00041023 now his face after he got burned by
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00184-00041024-00041190 the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00185-00041191-00041302 flames
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00186-00041303-00041511 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00187-00041512-00041774 he now looks like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00188-00041775-00041911 just a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00189-00041912-00042174 guy
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00190-00042175-00042446 temples are over his face because of the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00191-00042447-00042590 burns
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00192-00042591-00042743 and he looks
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00193-00042744-00042918 like a fancy
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00194-00042919-00043335 michael jackson but if he was burned
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00195-00043336-00043767 uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00196-00043768-00043846 and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00197-00043847-00043983 i now
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00198-00043984-00044174 also know that
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00199-00044175-00044383 the ring and garage
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00200-00044384-00044774 were both like a japanese classic
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00201-00044775-00044887 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00202-00044888-00045127 i know that
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00203-00045128-00045543 those are uh originally from japan and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00204-00045544-00045846 if you guys thought the american one
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00205-00045847-00046151 wasn't as scary you should go watch the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00206-00046152-00046527 japanese one but i'm not gonna go watch
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00207-00046528-00046727 it because uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00208-00046728-00046943 as i told you before i move
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00209-00046944-00047199 for scary movies
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00210-00047200-00047302 but
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00211-00047303-00047558 for the first time ever i watched a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00212-00047559-00047718 horror anime
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00213-00047719-00047983 called the parasite
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00214-00047984-00048527 with a y
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00215-00048528-00049583 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00216-00049584-00049743 yeah this one
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00217-00049744-00050174 uh i watched this when i was uh
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00218-00050175-00050367 15 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00219-00050368-00050686 it was rated m a t b n a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00220-00050687-00051015 which means 17 and older
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00221-00051016-00051214 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00222-00051215-00051702 um
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00223-00051703-00051982 yeah i was i wasn't scared by this as
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00224-00051983-00052079 much
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00225-00052079-00052214 as
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00226-00052215-00052487 if i was about if i was going to watch a
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00227-00052488-00052663 scary movie
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00228-00052664-00052750 because
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00229-00052751-00052999 it's cartoonish and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00230-00053000-00053111 it's not
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00231-00053112-00053230 really
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00232-00053232-00053687 body you know
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00233-00053688-00053823 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00234-00053824-00054199 after all that
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00235-00054200-00054447 so after all that's done
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00236-00054448-00054711 what do you think
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00237-00054712-00054935 what do you think of my little weird
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00238-00054936-00055071 quirk
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00239-00055072-00055471 uh was it very interesting or
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00240-00055472-00055654 unique
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00241-00055655-00055830 uh let me
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00242-00055832-00056079 let me know down in the comments
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00243-00056079-00056350 and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00244-00056351-00056542 don't forget to
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00245-00056544-00056863 you know like and subscribe to my videos
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00246-00056864-00057166 so you can get note and get more
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00247-00057167-00057471 musou content or maybe i can do more
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00248-00057472-00057791 videos like this
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00249-00057791-00057959 so
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00250-00057960-00058159 let me down let me know down in the
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00251-00058160-00058511 comments what your favorite quirk is and
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00252-00058512-00058887 uh subscribe for more muscle content or
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00253-00058888-00059135 sometimes i can even do more videos like
+sOeKvHfkTuk-00254-00059136-00059472 this thank you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00000-00000059-00001189 [Music]
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00001-00001190-00001486 hello and welcome to today's mindfulness
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00002-00001487-00001771 challenge date 97 thank you for joining
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00003-00001772-00001942 me today today we're going to talk about
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00004-00001943-00002401 how we deal with negative people and the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00005-00002402-00002629 challenges that we face when when we
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00006-00002630-00002785 come across some of these people and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00007-00002786-00003124 there's many different types of negative
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00008-00003125-00003582 people and I try and find myself now and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00009-00003583-00003667 people say well that's not very
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00010-00003668-00003843 spiritual Julian but I find myself
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00011-00003844-00003993 gravitating towards and like-minded
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00012-00003994-00004311 people okay because the energy exchange
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00013-00004312-00004552 is Pleasant and it's this but we have to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00014-00004553-00004702 remember that the world that we live in
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00015-00004703-00004828 and some of these people now are going
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00016-00004829-00005146 to be coming out of isolation and all
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00017-00005147-00005260 the rest of it and they're gonna they
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00018-00005261-00005485 can feel a bit of angst but when you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00019-00005486-00005778 think of working with negative type of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00020-00005779-00005922 people I've always been told that this
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00021-00005923-00006196 sort of we can categorize them as much
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00022-00006197-00006346 as you want but there's sort of six
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00023-00006347-00006706 categories of negative people and we're
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00024-00006706-00006808 gonna go through them and then we're
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00025-00006809-00007051 gonna think about how we deal with them
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00026-00007052-00007167 and how we're gonna work with them and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00027-00007168-00007387 how we can you know ensure that we don't
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00028-00007388-00007552 take on board their energy but try and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00029-00007553-00007777 help them along the process as well and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00030-00007778-00008125 the first sort of negative person that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00031-00008126-00008242 we're going to talk about today is the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00032-00008243-00008641 complainer and that type of person is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00033-00008642-00008824 someone who's always there's always
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00034-00008825-00008986 something wrong there's always something
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00035-00008987-00009142 happening to them things are never good
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00036-00009143-00009487 enough they have an urge to express
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00037-00009488-00009646 their frustration with every little
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00038-00009647-00009943 thing every time there's an extreme
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00039-00009944-00010177 version and the complainer becomes
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00040-00010178-00010521 always becomes the victim now
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00041-00010522-00010687 we're gonna know some of these people as
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00042-00010688-00010828 were actually talking about the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00043-00010829-00010989 character see oh yeah yeah I remember
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00044-00010990-00011289 that person they want you to hear their
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00045-00011290-00011523 complaints in and agree with them and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00046-00011524-00011785 spending a long time with a complainer
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00047-00011786-00012096 makes you feel negative and the key
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00048-00012097-00012556 emotion here is this dissatisfaction the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00049-00012557-00012696 next person we're going to talk about is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00050-00012697-00012982 the antagonist and they think they
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00051-00012983-00013164 sometimes can be quite aggressive and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00052-00013165-00013450 confrontational and pushy and some of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00053-00013451-00013591 their particular feelings of hostility
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00054-00013591-00013969 towards certain groups of people they
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00055-00013969-00014274 can be manifesting racist or
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00056-00014275-00014688 extreme behavior and sometimes it's a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00057-00014690-00014875 personal dislike in many of these cases
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00058-00014876-00015157 however it's not about you they just
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00059-00015158-00015313 have a boiling point of anger and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00060-00015313-00015493 frustration and they'll pour it out
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00061-00015494-00015688 often through whoever happens to be next
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00062-00015688-00015963 to them and they get irritated easy and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00063-00015965-00016191 they like to blame or attack others in
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00064-00016193-00016414 extreme cases there can be bullies who
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00065-00016415-00016591 intentionally want to hurt people and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00066-00016592-00016881 sometimes it does convert out that way
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00067-00016882-00017101 but a more refined version the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00068-00017102-00017365 antagonist behaves in more of a civil
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00069-00017366-00017670 manner on the surface but uses
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00070-00017671-00017980 passive-aggressive speech jokes or
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00071-00017981-00018250 sarcasm to vent their true feelings and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00072-00018251-00018451 the antagonist can trigger in your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00073-00018452-00018664 feelings and angle of abuse or distress
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00074-00018665-00018928 or or being a victim of injustice and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00075-00018929-00019255 the key emotions here are anger and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00076-00019256-00019681 aversion now another type of person that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00077-00019682-00019936 will come across is the narcissist it's
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00078-00019937-00020125 all about them and they want you to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00079-00020126-00020410 realize that okay they love talking
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00080-00020411-00020578 about their trips their fun times
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00081-00020579-00020854 achievement successes and close their
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00082-00020855-00021073 there's a feeling of self entitlement
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00083-00021074-00021229 they want your attention your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00084-00021230-00021667 confirmation and your admiration taking
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00085-00021668-00021933 or talking to a narcissist
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00086-00021934-00022231 quite often make you feel disgusted and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00087-00022232-00022429 superficial or it can leave you with
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00088-00022430-00022705 this false sense of feeling that the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00089-00022706-00022951 life's not you know interesting enough
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00090-00022952-00023281 and the key emotion here when we start
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00091-00023282-00023425 to think about when we talk to a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00092-00023426-00023947 narcissist is pride and then we have mr.
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00093-00023948-00024280 better or missus better and you find
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00094-00024281-00024444 this type of person in every group their
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00095-00024445-00024658 opinion is the incorrect one or at least
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00096-00024659-00024994 the most accurate one they believe that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00097-00024995-00025213 they're far better than you they're more
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00098-00025214-00025402 intelligent they have the material
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00099-00025403-00025573 success personal development or whatever
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00100-00025574-00025831 it is but they conceal their flaws they
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00101-00025832-00026107 have by apologizing or recognizing
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00102-00026108-00026344 mistakes and only put out as a forward
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00103-00026345-00026755 shiny face what do they do secretly well
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00104-00026756-00026908 your recognition admiration and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00105-00026908-00027199 sometimes submission is what takes them
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00106-00027200-00027455 forward they're constantly judging
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00107-00027456-00027779 comparing they can manifest as I know it
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00108-00027780-00028214 all they are a purist that can show off
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00109-00028215-00028508 quite a bit in a more refined expression
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00110-00028509-00028670 they hold their strong opinions with an
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00111-00028671-00028936 Armour of rational arguments and using
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00112-00028937-00029192 condescending language to point to your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00113-00029193-00029516 inadequacies talking to a mister or
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00114-00029517-00029679 missus better may make you feel bad
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00115-00029680-00030239 about yourself as if you're inferior but
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00116-00030240-00030593 the key pattern here is arrogance and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00117-00030594-00030755 then we're going to move on to the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00118-00030756-00031124 manipulator they will do whatever it
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00119-00031125-00031379 takes to achieve their goals even if it
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00120-00031380-00031619 means emotionally manipulating you to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00121-00031620-00031793 act accordingly to their own
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00122-00031794-00032102 self-interest they might be quite
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00123-00032103-00032338 skilled individual self driven observant
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00124-00032339-00032610 charming and possessing good emotional
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00125-00032611-00032879 intelligence an extremely good
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00126-00032880-00033062 communication skills but in the most
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00127-00033063-00033512 severe cases they're Psychopaths and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00128-00033513-00033848 sociopaths you may not realize that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00129-00033849-00034039 you're in the presence of a manipulator
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00130-00034040-00034286 although with meditation practice you'll
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00131-00034287-00034604 become better at detecting it the key
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00132-00034605-00034988 emotion here is selfishness and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00133-00034989-00035345 selfishness and the last one we're going
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00134-00035346-00035489 to talk about is the drama queen or the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00135-00035490-00035679 drama king and then in a habit of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00136-00035680-00035846 spinning small frustrations into
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00137-00035847-00036110 outsized disasters and create this
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00138-00036111-00036329 exaggerated emotional response to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00139-00036330-00036536 trivial things and this can be
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00140-00036537-00036895 accompanied by blaming others you know
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00141-00036896-00037187 generalization pessimism paranoia and a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00142-00037188-00037511 vindictive behavior and their moods
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00143-00037512-00037838 their volatile and they expect you to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00144-00037839-00038024 engage with their self-indulgent
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00145-00038025-00038298 monologues when you don't they can make
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00146-00038299-00038642 you feel bad about it they want our
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00147-00038643-00038829 attention our emotional support and our
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00148-00038830-00039112 ears but spending time with them is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00149-00039113-00039417 exhausting as if they're sucking the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00150-00039418-00039770 life out of your blood the key emotions
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00151-00039771-00040246 here neediness self-importance and panic
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00152-00040247-00040510 now we talk about you know the six
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00153-00040511-00040690 different types of people there there's
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00154-00040691-00040870 more but I think we can all relate to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00155-00040871-00041260 that and what strategies can we use when
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00156-00041261-00041401 we come across these different people
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00157-00041402-00041635 these difficult people and how can we
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00158-00041636-00041914 use mindfulness to be able to you know
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00159-00041915-00042144 change our relationships as some of that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00160-00042145-00042646 an equanimity is something that is very
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00161-00042647-00042838 powerful it's the pause it's the breath
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00162-00042839-00043051 it's the present without getting
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00163-00043052-00043345 emotionally affected we can use
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00164-00043346-00043477 compassion for these people we
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00165-00043478-00043747 understand them inside out we can use
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00166-00043748-00043978 communication we can actively listen and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00167-00043979-00044182 and work on how we can answer some of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00168-00044183-00044584 those questions interruption well let's
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00169-00044585-00044839 not get sucked into that rabbit hole or
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00170-00044840-00044929 break-
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00171-00044930-00045127 you know bring so even more negative
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00172-00045128-00045463 interactions and if assertion if all
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00173-00045464-00045703 else fails then confront them mindfully
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00174-00045704-00045997 but sharply bringing things to their
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00175-00045998-00046465 mind but I want to talk to us about any
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00176-00046466-00046930 Konami s presence equanimity for me is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00177-00046931-00047152 the beginning the middle and the end of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00178-00047153-00047554 all exercises and without equanimity
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00179-00047555-00048088 when we can just pause and breathe so
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00180-00048089-00048253 when you get yourself into the situation
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00181-00048254-00048538 with one of these type of people don't
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00182-00048539-00048965 just jump in and react ground yourself
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00183-00048966-00049426 around your body and just without even
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00184-00049427-00049852 doing it with your eyes open just
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00185-00049853-00050045 check-in
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00186-00050046-00050508 you feel where that reaction and emotion
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00187-00050509-00051036 is and how does that feel and just pause
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00188-00051037-00051362 knowing that you're in the power and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00189-00051363-00051711 that you're grounded and you can
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00190-00051712-00051879 silently communicate to yourself you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00191-00051879-00052194 know if you've got the complainer and to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00192-00052195-00052307 the complaining you want to be saying
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00193-00052308-00052979 that's not important to the antagonist
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00194-00052980-00053178 you wanna be saying in your mind I'm not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00195-00053179-00053717 intimidated to the narcissist I'm not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00196-00053719-00053944 playing your games
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00197-00053945-00054144 - mr. onus is better
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00198-00054145-00054704 it says unimpressed to the manipulator
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00199-00054705-00055154 you cannot use me or control me or to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00200-00055155-00055437 the drama queen quite simply I'm not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00201-00055438-00055971 buying that and equanimity means you not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00202-00055972-00056138 going to become more defensive you your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00203-00056139-00056330 present you're calm you're fearless
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00204-00056332-00056625 you're clear it's like you know it's
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00205-00056626-00056754 like a lion walking through the jungle
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00206-00056754-00057032 he's not afraid of anybody is he cuz he
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00207-00057033-00057257 knows he's the most powerful and he's
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00208-00057258-00057800 the most calm person in the jungle and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00209-00057801-00058301 think about that in terms of how we can
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00210-00058302-00058538 have equanimity as a direct product of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00211-00058539-00058784 meditation how we can have this
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00212-00058785-00059057 purposeful daily resilience and practice
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00213-00059058-00059361 where we meditate equanimity every time
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00214-00059362-00059616 we refrain from reacting to the thoughts
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00215-00059616-00059813 and emotions and instead bring your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00216-00059814-00060169 attention back to your object of focus
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00217-00060170-00060591 equanimity is a mindfulness armor that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00218-00060591-00060791 we can put up when we get in and around
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00219-00060792-00061091 people who have emotional problems
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00220-00061091-00061335 narcissism we've just talked about it
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00221-00061336-00061713 and the good way of doing that is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00222-00061714-00062115 through meditation and what I'd like us
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00223-00062116-00062304 to do now is just close our eyes very
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00224-00062304-00062738 quickly I put a picture up let's take a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00225-00062739-00062900 deep breath in
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00226-00062901-00063071 just think about everything I just said
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00227-00063072-00063494 and breathe out and after those six
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00228-00063495-00063769 categories I'd like you to bring to mind
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00229-00063770-00064019 somebody who sits in those categories
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00230-00064020-00064267 the complainer or the antagonist the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00231-00064269-00064565 narcissist mister or missus better the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00232-00064566-00064865 manipulator or the drama queen or king
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00233-00064866-00065174 and just bring him to mind bring that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00234-00065175-00065467 person to mind and as you bring that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00235-00065469-00065944 person to man how do they make you feel
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00236-00065945-00066347 how do they make you feel and if you've
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00237-00066348-00066608 got the complainer in front of you just
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00238-00066609-00066749 take a deep breath in as you breathe out
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00239-00066750-00067013 say what you're complaining about isn't
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00240-00067014-00067508 important what you're complaining about
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00241-00067509-00067865 is it important and I'd like you to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00242-00067866-00068045 bring to mind now an antagonist somebody
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00243-00068046-00068501 who knows antagonizes you and just say
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00244-00068502-00068648 to yourself as you're breathing and you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00245-00068649-00069040 breathe out I'm no longer intimidated I
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00246-00069041-00069569 am no longer intimidated and to the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00247-00069570-00069728 narcissists take a deep breath in and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00248-00069729-00070007 when you bring this now statistic person
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00249-00070008-00070400 to your mind say to yourself I'm not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00250-00070401-00070838 playing your games anymore to you the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00251-00070839-00071096 narcissist I'm not playing your games
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00252-00071097-00071281 anymore
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00253-00071282-00071549 and the person who was always better
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00254-00071550-00071723 than you mr. and mrs. better bring that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00255-00071724-00071939 person to mind take a deep breath in and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00256-00071940-00072149 don't attach yourself to it keep that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00257-00072150-00072674 equanimity be present be calm be
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00258-00072675-00073061 fearless be clear have that confidence
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00259-00073062-00073469 that equanimity can bring and you say to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00260-00073470-00073694 mr. and mrs. better as you bring him to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00261-00073695-00073967 your visualization I'm not impressed
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00262-00073968-00074546 anymore and to the manipulator somebody
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00263-00074547-00074768 who was being over the Peter just trying
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00264-00074769-00074918 to move you in their direction and even
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00265-00074919-00075074 if you don't want to go there moving you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00266-00075075-00075290 to a different value system even if you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00267-00075291-00075811 don't want to be there say to yourself
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00268-00075812-00076079 you cannot use me
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00269-00076080-00076640 I'm in control from now on and finally
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00270-00076641-00076946 take a deep breath in and just bring to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00271-00076947-00077376 mind the drama queen somebody who has
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00272-00077377-00077793 expanded a small situation into a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00273-00077794-00078250 disaster that in the main suits them and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00274-00078251-00078655 say to yourself I'm not buying your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00275-00078656-00079024 exaggeration anymore I'm not buying your
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00276-00079025-00079294 amplification of the truth anymore I'm
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00277-00079295-00079997 not buying it I'm just sitting out
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00278-00079998-00080216 feeling to it feel now and check in with
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00279-00080217-00080441 your body how having done that you feel
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00280-00080442-00081172 in control you have this equanimity you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00281-00081173-00081373 are the calm observer of what happens
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00282-00081374-00081716 and you can do this in relation to any
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00283-00081717-00081880 recurring challenges that you face in
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00284-00081881-00082184 your daily life and once the challenge
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00285-00082185-00082426 happens for real your nervous system
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00286-00082427-00082851 will already been trained to equanimity
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00287-00082852-00083530 work on the situation as you're
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00288-00083531-00083692 breathing you just bring another person
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00289-00083693-00083828 to mind who's trying to take you out of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00290-00083829-00084088 it they're trying to really work you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00291-00084089-00084823 hard they'll say that you're cold or
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00292-00084824-00084955 you're indifferent or you're not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00293-00084956-00085381 listening per ticket deep breath in and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00294-00085382-00085555 when you get that response again realize
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00295-00085556-00086107 that this is a trap this is for you to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00296-00086108-00086372 come out of equanimity come on to the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00297-00086373-00086791 defensive or come on to the attack but
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00298-00086792-00087200 don't buy it
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00299-00087201-00087476 just show that from your actions that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00300-00087477-00087892 you are listening that you aren't cold
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00301-00087893-00088112 and that you are compassionate and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00302-00088113-00088472 engaging but you just simply not get an
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00303-00088473-00089311 emotionally distressed by this anymore
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00304-00089312-00089914 develop in equanimity through meditation
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00305-00089915-00090254 can really help you to protect you from
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00306-00090255-00090431 the harm of negative people and the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00307-00090432-00091354 emotion that they bring
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00308-00091355-00091616 we know we can show compassion when we
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00309-00091617-00091882 need to and we know that we can work
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00310-00091883-00092101 with difficult people who are driven by
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00311-00092102-00092548 negative emotions and sometimes we just
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00312-00092549-00092723 need to put ourselves in their shoes and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00313-00092724-00093037 imagine you're inside their skin and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00314-00093038-00093410 what they've gone through but the sixth
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00315-00093411-00093590 type of people we just mentioned you've
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00316-00093591-00093763 just brought to mind and you take a deep
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00317-00093764-00094069 breath in you realize that this is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00318-00094070-00094441 symptomatic this is this has happened on
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00319-00094442-00094829 many occasions although you offer them
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00320-00094830-00095143 loving kindness and the powerful
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00321-00095144-00095425 practice of building emotional
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00322-00095426-00095694 intelligence and empathy within yourself
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00323-00095695-00095978 it's very difficult to change somebody
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00324-00095979-00097018 who is completely ingrained
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00325-00097019-00097276 just sit with that feeling of equanimity
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00326-00097277-00097510 that knowing it doesn't matter what type
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00327-00097511-00097816 of person comes your way you'll be able
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00328-00097817-00098008 to deal with them you'll be able to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00329-00098009-00098299 recognize them you'll be able to try to
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00330-00098300-00098677 help them but when that point of help is
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00331-00098678-00099241 beyond then you know you have the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00332-00099242-00099915 protection to be able to walk away
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00333-00099916-00101580 without getting emotionally involved
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00334-00101581-00101800 take a deep breath in and open your eyes
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00335-00101801-00101938 and just wiggle your fingers and come
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00336-00101939-00102322 back so it's an interesting topic and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00337-00102323-00102658 it's one that we will you know work on
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00338-00102659-00102826 in the future but I just thought today
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00339-00102827-00103027 we've talked about a lot of things but
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00340-00103028-00103172 we're gonna be coming out of lockdown
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00341-00103173-00103351 most of us are now and going forward
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00342-00103352-00103526 that we're gonna come back into this
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00343-00103527-00103775 relationship and to this activation with
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00344-00103776-00104171 people who are in front of us so it's a
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00345-00104172-00104546 a mindful way of dealing with these
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00346-00104547-00104935 people and situations to understand that
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00347-00104936-00105076 they are spiraling all of much I'm gonna
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00348-00105077-00105308 help them can cause yours and that's not
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00349-00105308-00105649 always helpful either
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00350-00105650-00106051 today 96 good afternoon good morning
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00351-00106052-00106291 Julian I love you bein up and gave love
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00352-00106292-00106465 and just think about your relationship
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00353-00106466-00106700 again change your relationship with the
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00354-00106701-00106838 emotions that are attached to these
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00355-00106839-00106988 people see if you can help them if you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00356-00106989-00107258 can't then just make your own decisions
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00357-00107258-00107461 but don't get caught up in the trap of
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00358-00107463-00107791 jumping in and and and combining and
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00359-00107792-00108058 amplifying me the issues through
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00360-00108059-00108516 emotional entanglement have a lovely day
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00361-00108517-00108725 be loved and given up I'll see you
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00362-00108726-00109025 tomorrow day 97 I'm ready to go
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00363-00109026-00109983 see you soon take care bye bye
+sOcMmNjPUX8-00364-00109983-00110722 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00000-00000647-00001297 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00001-00001298-00001491 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00002-00001492-00001794 um
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00004-00005684-00006085 so
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00005-00006086-00007865 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00006-00007866-00008483 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00007-00008484-00008978 so
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00008-00008979-00011441 oh yeah
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00010-00015805-00016724 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00011-00016725-00016883 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00012-00016884-00017568 be
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00013-00017569-00018383 [Music]
+sRJW2YWz2bg-00014-00018384-00018592 you
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00000-00000234-00000603 fina one talk podcast episode 64 for
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00001-00000604-00000942 monday january second 2012 welcome to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00002-00000943-00001164 this edition of 911 talk with your host
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00003-00001165-00001370 mark fletcher line manager for
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00004-00001371-00001686 emergency services at abaya no here's
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00005-00001687-00002013 flesh well the new year is here and it
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00006-00002014-00002145 looks like we've made it through another
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00007-00002146-00002418 holiday break and now it's time to get
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00008-00002419-00002670 back to work before I left you hanging
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00009-00002671-00002904 for the last 30 days as I took my winter
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00010-00002905-00003147 hiatus there was a bit of news that was
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00011-00003148-00003402 scheduled to hit January one regarding
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00012-00003403-00003594 the state of Michigan and enterprise
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00013-00003595-00003915 based enamel one requirements for EM LTS
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00014-00003915-00004185 PBX systems you see prior to the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00015-00004186-00004419 holidays Michigan was well on track to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00016-00004420-00004761 becoming the 17th state to add em LTS
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00017-00004762-00004956 legislation and that was going to go
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00018-00004957-00005231 into effect by the end of 2011 now in
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00019-00005232-00005493 addition to compliance requirements the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00020-00005494-00005772 Michigan Public Services Commission was
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00021-00005773-00005931 going to be the first in the nation to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00022-00005932-00006270 attach penalties for non-compliance that
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00023-00006271-00006500 would range from five hundred dollars to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00024-00006501-00006752 five thousand dollars for each offense
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00025-00006753-00007067 however just before the holidays a bill
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00026-00007068-00007305 was introduced and passed that amended
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00027-00007306-00007527 the legislation's effective date to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00028-00007528-00007973 December 31st 2016 that gave business is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00029-00007974-00008135 a five-year reprieved to become
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00030-00008136-00008352 compliant now I talked to several people
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00031-00008353-00008534 in the industry as well as several
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00032-00008535-00008714 customers that would have been impacted
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00033-00008715-00008924 by this and although I was asked several
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00034-00008925-00009149 times over the holidays what my thoughts
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00035-00009150-00009348 were I pretty much declined to comment
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00036-00009349-00009609 until I could digest the ramifications a
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00037-00009610-00009848 little more completely now at first I
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00038-00009849-00010049 have to admit I was a bit disappointed
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00039-00010050-00010310 that the legislation was extended so far
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00040-00010311-00010528 into the future from an IT perspective
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00041-00010529-00010853 five years is like a lifetime my
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00042-00010854-00011024 immediate thought was with next
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00043-00011025-00011219 generation I'm one rapidly being
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00044-00011220-00011477 implemented around the country just
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00045-00011478-00011645 about the time that missions law is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00046-00011646-00011894 going to affect the next evolution of
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00047-00011895-00012101 diamond one would be common in many
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00048-00012102-00012314 places that can make a brand new law
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00049-00012315-00012491 effectively out of date before it even
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00050-00012492-00012583 goes into a
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00051-00012584-00012784 now I certainly can't condemn the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00052-00012785-00012963 Michigan Public Services Commission
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00053-00012964-00013230 after all they did enact legislation and
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00054-00013231-00013432 it will address the problem but what I
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00055-00013433-00013635 would have liked to have seen however is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00056-00013636-00013963 immediate compliance for new systems and
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00057-00013963-00014208 then give a generous waiver or existing
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00058-00014209-00014386 systems you see the fact of the matter
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00059-00014387-00014830 is most M LTS systems today already have
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00060-00014831-00015085 the ability built in to provide at least
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00061-00015086-00015372 zone level granularity if not station
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00062-00015373-00015633 level granularity with minimal external
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00063-00015634-00015874 adjuncts now based on that fact you
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00064-00015875-00015988 don't have to commit to an all or
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00065-00015988-00016233 nothing on day one many states in fact
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00066-00016234-00016471 do require immediate compliance for new
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00067-00016472-00016690 systems after a particular date but then
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00068-00016691-00016956 allow a grandfather clause for systems
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00069-00016957-00017227 that are already in place Massachusetts
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00070-00017228-00017419 took that input for example directly
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00071-00017420-00017590 from the industry when they crafted
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00072-00017591-00017821 their law a few years back that
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00073-00017822-00018072 legislation states that if the MLT s
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00074-00018073-00018310 undergoes a significant upgrade which
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00075-00018311-00018466 would include a software upgrade of
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00076-00018467-00018708 fifty percent or more then the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00077-00018709-00018925 enterprise must implement enamel one
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00078-00018926-00019197 compliancy with that upgrade I think
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00079-00019198-00019375 that what happened in Michigan was they
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00080-00019376-00019621 basically ran out of time the Michigan
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00081-00019622-00019846 Public Services Commission opened up
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00082-00019847-00020052 talks on the matter earlier this year in
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00083-00020053-00020331 2011 and perhaps they weren't prepared
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00084-00020332-00020605 for the deluge of responses from both
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00085-00020606-00020767 the public and the telecommunications
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00086-00020768-00021006 industry even when telecom is your
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00087-00021007-00021289 primary job description be 9 11 can
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00088-00021290-00021487 certainly become difficult to understand
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00089-00021488-00021669 if you've never taken the time to look
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00090-00021670-00021862 at the inner workings but for those of
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00091-00021863-00022047 you that have and I keep finding more
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00092-00022048-00022165 and more of you each and every day
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00093-00022166-00022372 you'll have to agree that after
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00094-00022373-00022528 understanding some of the basic
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00095-00022529-00022792 principles of how enamel one works there
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00096-00022793-00023034 really is no man behind the curtain and
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00097-00023035-00023218 you don't need flying monkeys to make a
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00098-00023219-00023419 solution work as a good friend of mine
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00099-00023420-00023647 commonly puts it part of the problem is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00100-00023648-00023815 that a few companies out there have
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00101-00023816-00024097 carved out an entire industry based on
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00102-00024098-00024343 certain fears and uncertainties around a
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00103-00024344-00024652 911 several others myself included feel
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00104-00024653-00024808 that education is the key
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00105-00024809-00025014 to a successful enamel one deployment
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00106-00025015-00025330 effective even when management today can
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00107-00025331-00025522 mean a zone based approach with static
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00108-00025523-00025722 Eiland and Ally records and on-site
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00109-00025723-00025965 notification indicating to local first
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00110-00025966-00026206 responders the exact location of the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00111-00026207-00026427 caller on a map I've talked to public
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00112-00026429-00026637 safety they're really not interested in
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00113-00026638-00026940 cube 3 w2 39 they don't know where that
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00114-00026941-00027168 is and they don't carry floor plans to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00115-00027169-00027396 tell them where it is there concern is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00116-00027397-00027558 to get to the right building in the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00117-00027560-00027781 right town especially when on-site
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00118-00027782-00027987 personnel can further direct them when
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00119-00027988-00028219 they arrive now tomorrow we'll build on
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00120-00028220-00028429 today's technology and push that
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00121-00028430-00028575 intelligent contextually aware
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00122-00028576-00028837 information directly to public safety
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00123-00028838-00029110 via the ESI net and then directly into
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00124-00029111-00029335 the hands of Public Safety responders so
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00125-00029336-00029455 to the michigan public service
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00126-00029456-00029674 commission thank you for passing a law
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00127-00029675-00029889 that will ultimately save people's life
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00128-00029891-00030136 in the enterprise and i urge you to look
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00129-00030137-00030333 at the requirements carefully prior to
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00130-00030335-00030568 the legislation going live and consider
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00131-00030569-00030762 amending those to be in alignment with
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00132-00030763-00031012 the nena MLPs model legislation and the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00133-00031013-00031258 upcoming ng 911 standards and best
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00134-00031258-00031669 practices you've been listening to the
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00135-00031670-00031977 e-911 talk podcast with your host mark
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00136-00031978-00032158 fletcher product line manager for
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00137-00032158-00032479 emergency services at ohio EU 911 talk
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00138-00032480-00032683 is a weekly podcast available on sites
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00139-00032683-00032935 like this as well as itunes and is
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00140-00032936-00033165 available free of charge if you have any
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00141-00033166-00033387 comments or questions you can email
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00142-00033388-00033623 Fletch at Fletcher em
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00143-00033624-00033977 viacom that's Fletcher the letter M at
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00144-00033978-00034318 avaya com be sure to listen in next week
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00145-00034319-00034815 for more informative topics on e 911
+sSpTx04Q8hY-00146-00034816-00035019 Oh
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00000-00000054-00002442 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00001-00002443-00003186 thank you
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00002-00003187-00003679 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00003-00003679-00004271 thank you
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00004-00004272-00004915 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00005-00004916-00005095 thank you
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00006-00005096-00007642 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00007-00007643-00008329 foreign
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00008-00008330-00008965 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00009-00008966-00009803 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00010-00009804-00010003 [Applause]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00011-00010004-00010235 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00012-00010236-00010794 [Applause]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00013-00010795-00011069 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00014-00011070-00011470 foreign
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00015-00011471-00012794 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00016-00012795-00014086 [Music]
+sYIbiOU3s3I-00017-00014087-00014425 foreign
+sZpcBxkruGo-00000-00000000-00000286 greeting Lady Hannah looking wonderful
+sZpcBxkruGo-00001-00000287-00000641 as always loving the hair today and also
+sZpcBxkruGo-00002-00000642-00000923 always love that top so your outfit and
+sZpcBxkruGo-00003-00000924-00001265 hair are on point today
+sZpcBxkruGo-00004-00001266-00001595 thank you yeah Simon's only 30 minutes
+sZpcBxkruGo-00005-00001596-00001818 long it's not that long today
+sZpcBxkruGo-00006-00001819-00002051 yeah yeah I think it's gonna get Bob
+sZpcBxkruGo-00007-00002052-00002423 Lazar on with who is he saying it to I'm
+sZpcBxkruGo-00008-00002424-00002609 sure he's saying it to uh this Eric
+sZpcBxkruGo-00009-00002610-00002849 Weinstein Feinstein we're gonna get on
+sZpcBxkruGo-00010-00002850-00003137 together I'm still in paint hand I've
+sZpcBxkruGo-00011-00003138-00003340 sent you an important email that cannot
+sZpcBxkruGo-00012-00003342-00003593 be missed got to do with my health so
+sZpcBxkruGo-00013-00003594-00003785 it's all the reasons why I'm in pain
+sZpcBxkruGo-00014-00003786-00003965 it's all in there yeah yeah I hope
+sZpcBxkruGo-00015-00003965-00004204 you're well hey I'm all good I'm okay
+sZpcBxkruGo-00016-00004205-00004445 thank you I'm all good you feel any
+sZpcBxkruGo-00017-00004446-00004691 better God likes on at all I know you
+sZpcBxkruGo-00018-00004692-00004906 said he's still in pain please go to the
+sZpcBxkruGo-00019-00004907-00005515 doctors please it's been three days
+sZpcBxkruGo-00020-00005516-00005783 whether it's the only situation where
+sZpcBxkruGo-00021-00005784-00005963 you can talk about getting inches of
+sZpcBxkruGo-00022-00005964-00006143 something and it's okay to say on
+sZpcBxkruGo-00023-00006144-00006377 regular TV
+sZpcBxkruGo-00024-00006378-00006601 tonight
+sZpcBxkruGo-00025-00006602-00006892 expected challenges
+sZpcBxkruGo-00026-00006893-00007259 of snow
+sZpcBxkruGo-00027-00007259-00007415 yeah that one
+sZpcBxkruGo-00028-00007416-00007560 [Music]
+sZpcBxkruGo-00029-00007561-00007787 no the thing the thing of the month
+sZpcBxkruGo-00030-00007788-00008020 hasn't even come yet I'm having like the
+sZpcBxkruGo-00031-00008022-00008296 PMS the pre-menstrual syndrome which got
+sZpcBxkruGo-00032-00008297-00008485 a week I think it's about a week
+sZpcBxkruGo-00033-00008486-00008801 he's so good he got a boot full of food
+sZpcBxkruGo-00034-00008802-00009041 and last night got loads of girl knows
+sZpcBxkruGo-00035-00009042-00009274 so he can get loads more food and treats
+sZpcBxkruGo-00036-00009275-00009617 and it's a poinsettia I'm sure I
+sZpcBxkruGo-00037-00009618-00009821 followed but
+sZpcBxkruGo-00038-00009822-00010069 human alive
+sZpcBxkruGo-00039-00010070-00010414 oh I love that I love that oh I am
+sZpcBxkruGo-00040-00010415-00010714 following oh can I turn the Bell on is
+sZpcBxkruGo-00041-00010715-00010938 that on
+sZpcBxkruGo-00042-00010939-00011356 his next chance my flexible Supple sweet
+sZpcBxkruGo-00043-00011357-00011706 and the most beautiful dance partner
+sZpcBxkruGo-00044-00011707-00011999 how are you oh did you sleep well and
+sZpcBxkruGo-00045-00012000-00012238 everything is fine yes every day that
+sZpcBxkruGo-00046-00012239-00012388 starts with you is the best and
+sZpcBxkruGo-00047-00012389-00012659 brightest I wish it would always be like
+sZpcBxkruGo-00048-00012660-00012916 this and forever so nice to see you
+sZpcBxkruGo-00049-00012917-00013199 share your overflowing energy and warmth
+sZpcBxkruGo-00050-00013200-00013469 of heart my dear better heart you look
+sZpcBxkruGo-00051-00013469-00014011 great baby love you baby love you
+sZpcBxkruGo-00052-00014012-00014330 aren't you
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00000-00000272-00000494 hey folks welcome back to the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00001-00000495-00000634 progressive web apps summit I'm Rob
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00002-00000635-00000821 Dodson we're here in beautiful actually
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00003-00000822-00001108 sunny Amsterdam today I'm joined with
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00004-00001109-00001337 Andrew Morey he's the director of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00005-00001338-00001726 engineering at conga conga is Nigerian
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00006-00001727-00001946 ecommerce company and just gave a talk
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00007-00001947-00002198 here at the summit and Andrew I was kind
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00008-00002199-00002377 of curious so one of the things that you
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00009-00002378-00002608 really focus on in your talk is this
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00010-00002609-00002900 cost of data in emerging markets and I
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00011-00002901-00003010 was wondering if you just just talk
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00012-00003011-00003122 through that a little bit because I know
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00013-00003123-00003242 there's a lot of folks who might be in
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00014-00003243-00003413 in Western markets they don't even think
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00015-00003414-00003626 about what it costs to use data on their
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00016-00003627-00003731 phone but how is that different if
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00017-00003732-00003935 you're in a place like like Nigeria or
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00018-00003936-00004244 India or some other market yeah sure
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00019-00004245-00004634 hello so originally as a startup we
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00020-00004635-00005075 started a responsive web a responsive
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00021-00005076-00005318 web app that was sort of work it works
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00022-00005319-00005593 well on 3G and Wi-Fi connections but as
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00023-00005594-00005765 we started paying attention to our users
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00024-00005766-00005915 we we had a good look at our at our
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00025-00005916-00006116 metrics in our CDN and we noticed a very
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00026-00006117-00006386 interesting stat which said that the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00027-00006387-00006662 average transfer rate of data coming out
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00028-00006663-00006920 of our CDN is exiting at about 250
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00029-00006920-00007163 kilobits per second which is pretty slow
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00030-00007164-00007370 if you think about it and then we we had
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00031-00007370-00007502 to think about that and we looked at we
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00032-00007503-00007642 looked at our current approach to our
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00033-00007643-00007849 mobile web and when we notice how big
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00034-00007850-00008198 our pages were and the fact of the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00035-00008199-00008371 matter is that if you try our home page
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00036-00008372-00008630 was 2.5 megabytes and at a specific
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00037-00008631-00008821 point in time and if you think about how
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00038-00008822-00009101 long it'll take at a rate of 250 KB per
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00039-00009102-00009362 second you'd end up waiting 40 50
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00040-00009363-00009560 seconds to load the home page and most
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00041-00009561-00009746 users in the Western world would long
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00042-00009747-00010003 drop-off but in in Africa we have a
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00043-00010004-00010220 slightly different scenario the fact
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00044-00010221-00010388 isn't there isn't that much choice there
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00045-00010389-00010523 isn't you can't just go to a brick and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00046-00010524-00010685 mortar shop so people are pretty
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00047-00010686-00010973 persistent and you know you know respect
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00048-00010974-00011159 to our users who have pushed through
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00049-00011160-00011384 that but we owe them some sort of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00050-00011385-00011806 improvement and I think one of the one
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00051-00011807-00011935 of the big points that came out of our
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00052-00011936-00012174 usability tests was we'd seen a user
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00053-00012175-00012403 searching for a product and as as he'd
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00054-00012404-00012553 seen that search result as he started
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00055-00012554-00012716 scrolling he said hey hey I can't
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00056-00012717-00012863 actually do this this is gonna cost me
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00057-00012863-00013232 too much data and and so we realized and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00058-00013233-00013287 and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00059-00013288-00013455 you know we paid attention to the market
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00060-00013456-00013587 and the fact that you know it costs
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00061-00013588-00013866 quite a bit of money to buy 10 20
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00062-00013866-00014040 megabyte bundles and we realized we
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00063-00014041-00014216 actually over to our customers to pay
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00064-00014218-00014403 attention to that and that's that's why
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00065-00014404-00014637 we chose the progressive web app sort of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00066-00014638-00014850 system the fact that we can cache all of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00067-00014851-00015147 this data with a serviceworker cache and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00068-00015147-00015384 and sort of intercept that that network
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00069-00015385-00015576 request and the fact of the matter is
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00070-00015577-00015831 that in Nigeria specifically in rural
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00071-00015832-00016172 Nigeria there's relatively intermittent
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00072-00016174-00016488 Network statuses and so in terms of data
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00073-00016489-00016761 and and and bad networks we we had a
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00074-00016762-00016875 really good match with with the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00075-00016876-00017190 progressive web app and can you tell me
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00076-00017191-00017394 a little bit about sort of the the data
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00077-00017395-00017544 saving cost that you were able to
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00078-00017545-00017808 achieve and really like the the pieces
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00079-00017809-00018095 of technology that unlock that for you
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00080-00018096-00018417 so we've done a before and after picture
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00081-00018418-00018663 and we basically recorded how much data
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00082-00018664-00018915 it took to complete it well the first
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00083-00018916-00019080 thing was to complete of the first load
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00084-00019081-00019508 and we've managed to achieve a 92%
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00085-00019509-00019764 improvement so decreasing the amount of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00086-00019765-00019938 data it requires to load that homepage
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00087-00019939-00020199 and originally the first technology was
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00088-00020200-00020463 simple design optimization so you know
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00089-00020464-00020601 basic things like instead of serving
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00090-00020602-00020961 massive images or icons like PNG icons
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00091-00020962-00021144 or whatever we've gone with SVG's and we
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00092-00021145-00021333 paid some serious attention to 12 design
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00093-00021334-00021516 on top of the fact that we simplified it
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00094-00021517-00021690 it made it made it really and simple
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00095-00021691-00021924 that would be the first thing the second
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00096-00021925-00022149 the second way we optimized for data was
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00097-00022150-00022386 I mean that first load it's not really
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00098-00022387-00022599 the big part of it it's more the second
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00099-00022600-00022839 load and subsequent requests so on that
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00100-00022840-00023007 first load we're using our app shell
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00101-00023008-00023211 architecture to to store all of that
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00102-00023212-00023502 HTML CSS and JavaScript and then it sits
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00103-00023503-00023667 there in the serviceworker and in the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00104-00023668-00023844 app shell and the next request to it
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00105-00023845-00024015 it's not fetching it from the network so
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00106-00024016-00024318 there is no data cost and the second
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00107-00024319-00024558 metric that that sort of screams is the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00108-00024559-00024765 is the amount of data it requires to
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00109-00024766-00024951 perform a checkout so imagine you're
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00110-00024952-00025299 going to buy a product we've achieved an
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00111-00025300-00025560 80% reduction in in data cost up for
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00112-00025561-00025703 that first transaction and the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00113-00025704-00025964 technology stack is quite simple it's
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00114-00025966-00026175 based on serviceworker cache and the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00115-00026176-00026367 usage of IDB and and sort of all the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00116-00026368-00026592 underlying technologies of progressive
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00117-00026593-00026738 web app
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00118-00026739-00026858 and there's some other interesting
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00119-00026858-00027032 things there but that is the main the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00120-00027033-00027302 majority of it comes from that very cool
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00121-00027302-00027548 so an omission so you got you mentioned
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00122-00027549-00027767 in kind of a web technology stack there
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00123-00027768-00027917 and as we were talking an interesting
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00124-00027918-00028114 point that you raised was that the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00125-00028116-00028238 engineering team that you worked on with
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00126-00028239-00028483 this is not exclusively web developers
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00127-00028485-00028727 it kind of cuts across all sorts of
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00128-00028727-00028907 different kind of engineering types so
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00129-00028908-00029033 you talk about that a little bit cuz I
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00130-00029033-00029111 think a lot of people when they think
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00131-00029112-00029308 about progressive web apps they see it
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00132-00029310-00029432 as sort of a mutually exclusive thing
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00133-00029433-00029539 where they're like well I'm gonna have
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00134-00029541-00029735 to just drop my need of app developers
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00135-00029736-00029870 and go with this or something and it's
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00136-00029870-00030041 it's hard for them to choose so so can
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00137-00030042-00030133 you explain a little bit about that
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00138-00030135-00030404 process they all went through there sure
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00139-00030405-00030761 so I think it was more about timing than
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00140-00030762-00030932 anything else it wasn't an active
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00141-00030933-00031169 decision to say hey let's let's have
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00142-00031170-00031391 them the native engineers builders it's
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00143-00031392-00031592 more about the fact that this wasn't
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00144-00031593-00031787 originally part of our roadmap we have a
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00145-00031788-00032039 very serious engineering undertaking at
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00146-00032039-00032207 the moment and that's all about breaking
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00147-00032208-00032366 down on monolithic application into
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00148-00032367-00032573 smaller independently deployable and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00149-00032574-00032774 scalable micro services and that's where
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00150-00032775-00032957 our efforts are at the moment so our web
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00151-00032958-00032996 devs
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00152-00032997-00033203 were kind of focused on other projects
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00153-00033204-00033437 of rebuilding some client-side front-end
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00154-00033438-00033689 components and they had been the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00155-00033690-00033824 resources had been booked out and the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00156-00033825-00033986 only available resources at the time
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00157-00033987-00034223 were the native engineers who we were
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00158-00034224-00034370 struggling with our native apps and in
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00159-00034371-00034610 any case so that was the only team
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00160-00034611-00034901 available at the time and I charged them
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00161-00034902-00035045 and challenge them with you know
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00162-00035046-00035261 switching from native two to two web dev
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00163-00035262-00035539 which is it's a pretty different field
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00164-00035540-00035873 but they seem to they seem to thrive not
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00165-00035874-00036143 only did it provide some variety people
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00166-00036144-00036374 learn new skills and the new components
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00167-00036375-00036503 of the web and I think they did very
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00168-00036504-00036728 very well and the feedback I got from
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00169-00036729-00036989 them was nothing but positive everybody
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00170-00036990-00037202 seemed to kind of grasp polymer really
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00171-00037203-00037388 easily and and that sort of switched to
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00172-00037389-00037658 web development quite quite easily you
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00173-00037659-00037805 know all I can say is you know pay
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00174-00037806-00038033 attention to to some of the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00175-00038034-00038216 documentation that that that's not
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00176-00038217-00038372 available really on polymer and
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00177-00038373-00038489 progressive Web Apps go into the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00178-00038490-00038729 examples like inspect the code and that
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00179-00038730-00038933 was pretty much what what our team did
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00180-00038934-00039401 to build this so Andrew thank you so
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00181-00039402-00039575 much for being with me today if you want
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00182-00039576-00039737 to catch Andrews talk you can tune into
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00183-00039738-00039863 the chrome Developers YouTube channel
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00184-00039864-00040023 we've got a playlist there for
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00185-00040024-00040176 all the sessions of day 2 from the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00186-00040177-00040356 cursive webapp summit also we're gonna
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00187-00040357-00040452 include some links down in the
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00188-00040453-00040671 description for the conga showcase on
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00189-00040672-00040881 developers.google.com down web it covers
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00190-00040882-00041040 a little bit more of the story of how
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00191-00041041-00041232 they built the site and also a few more
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00192-00041233-00041373 the sort of like stats on where they
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00193-00041374-00041526 picked up in data savings and things
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00194-00041527-00041580 like that
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00195-00041581-00041754 again Andrew thank you so much for being
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00196-00041755-00041865 with me today it's been great talking
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00197-00041866-00042012 with you and I thank you all for being
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00198-00042013-00042207 with us and stay tuned for more from day
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00199-00042208-00042351 two of the progressive web app summit
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00200-00042352-00043283 see ya
+sZJCNv8rVjI-00201-00043284-00043490 you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00000-00000008-00000167 um brilliant so i can see we've got a
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00001-00000168-00000342 few people joining
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00002-00000343-00000615 but we can't see who's joined so if
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00003-00000616-00000782 you've joined can you just give us a
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00004-00000783-00000958 little bit of a hey
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00005-00000959-00001166 in the chat and make sure that it's the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00006-00001167-00001454 session tab at the top right hand corner
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00007-00001455-00001614 and can you tell i work in software and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00008-00001616-00002183 describe to you how to use the software
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00009-00002184-00002295 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00010-00002296-00002479 brilliant how long have you been doing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00011-00002480-00002687 kraken marketing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00012-00002688-00003023 um it started in like april just after
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00013-00003024-00003383 lockdown oh yeah yeah about 18 months
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00014-00003384-00003590 and you and you also spoke last year at
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00015-00003592-00003870 our conference yeah you're returning
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00016-00003871-00004159 that's how good it was
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00017-00004160-00004359 i also hosted one year when it was back
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00018-00004360-00004599 when things were in person yeah you know
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00019-00004600-00004959 what we were saying come on 2022 we need
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00020-00004960-00005270 to have at least a hybrid event
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00021-00005271-00005399 you know i'm a little bit nervous to do
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00022-00005400-00005535 things in person
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00023-00005536-00005743 yeah well i think maybe next next
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00024-00005744-00005918 september we'll all feel a little bit
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00025-00005919-00006191 you know yeah so so but it would be nice
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00026-00006192-00006446 even to be together in a smaller setting
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00027-00006447-00006534 yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00028-00006536-00006775 even if it's not hundreds of people yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00029-00006776-00007046 some more casual meetups to like ease me
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00030-00007047-00007327 into society yeah yeah yeah we'll be
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00031-00007328-00007455 looking at that towards the end of the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00032-00007456-00007623 year beginning of next really just
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00033-00007623-00007910 waiting on what's happening yeah um hi
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00034-00007911-00008023 tony
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00035-00008023-00008310 nice to see you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00036-00008311-00008583 give awesomeness with lissa can be i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00037-00008584-00008807 think guaranteed i think yeah i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00038-00008808-00008967 that's going to happen
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00039-00008968-00009191 oh it's not as many gifts as normal but
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00040-00009192-00009327 there's like
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00041-00009328-00009614 other things oh wow
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00042-00009615-00009823 wow i know
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00043-00009824-00010214 tony cannot believe it what
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00044-00010215-00010383 that's brilliant
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00045-00010384-00010567 i'll make up for it on twitter
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00046-00010568-00010823 oh you always do you always deliver we
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00047-00010824-00011151 trust you we trust you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00048-00011152-00011278 brilliant
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00049-00011279-00011591 excellent so um we are nearly at quarter
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00050-00011592-00011831 past perfect
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00051-00011832-00012046 so if you want to hit recall if you want
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00052-00012047-00012214 to do your thing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00053-00012215-00012391 and then we'll start listening to your
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00054-00012392-00012599 talk and um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00055-00012600-00012910 get this show on the road perfect
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00056-00012911-00013166 we're back
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00057-00013168-00013438 absolutely love that thank you so much
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00058-00013440-00013719 listen oh thank you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00059-00013719-00013935 um there were so many great examples in
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00060-00013936-00014135 there personally really loved the etsy
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00061-00014136-00014263 one
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00062-00014263-00014486 yes i feel really good watching that
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00063-00014487-00014663 doesn't it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00064-00014663-00014791 yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00065-00014791-00014975 because in a way so one of the funny
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00066-00014976-00015230 things is if you so as because i'm
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00067-00015231-00015486 german i've lived here for 12 years so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00068-00015487-00015727 in some i'm not local and other eyes i'm
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00069-00015728-00015879 very local because i don't belong to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00070-00015880-00016079 either but one of the things about for
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00071-00016080-00016247 example my name although
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00072-00016247-00016719 it's very easily spelled it's s-a-r-a-h
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00073-00016720-00016958 the pronunciation sarah is actually not
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00074-00016959-00017150 my name that is not what i was called
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00075-00017151-00017319 when i was growing up because the german
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00076-00017320-00017583 pronunciation is zara which is a very
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00077-00017584-00017814 different name so in it that is just a
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00078-00017815-00017983 little bit of a way actually where
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00079-00017984-00018239 sometimes i'm like that's not my name
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00080-00018240-00018463 but i've sort of accepted it and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00081-00018464-00018703 obviously with your um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00082-00018704-00018919 uh accent and for example now you see it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00083-00018920-00019167 on the fae of your name so you guys if
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00084-00019168-00019279 you can see
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00085-00019280-00019463 uh there it actually hoppin doesn't
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00086-00019464-00019679 accept it either
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00087-00019680-00019919 and um i find that really interesting
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00088-00019920-00020063 because actually we're not just
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00089-00020064-00020279 alienating individuals we're actually
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00090-00020280-00020543 alleviating whole language groups yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00091-00020544-00020630 right
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00092-00020631-00020863 and i think it's either
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00093-00020864-00021030 my passport or my driving license one of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00094-00021031-00021175 them has it on one of them doesn't
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00095-00021176-00021447 because it's not possible
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00096-00021448-00021694 crazy yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00097-00021695-00021863 so um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00098-00021864-00022143 apparently tom connolly says
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00099-00022144-00022294 connelly sorry
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00100-00022295-00022447 i like that you seem to be answering my
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00101-00022448-00022647 questions as fast as i can think of them
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00102-00022648-00022927 basically you cracked mind reading how
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00103-00022928-00023143 amazing is that winning
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00104-00023144-00023327 um so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00105-00023328-00023550 i'm just going to go up and pick out the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00106-00023551-00023878 questions that did come in okay
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00107-00023879-00024039 julianna turnbull
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00108-00024040-00024294 who's also one of our speakers is asking
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00109-00024295-00024503 why is inclusivity a subject people have
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00110-00024504-00024719 avoided for so long and why now are
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00111-00024720-00024991 people starting to take notice
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00112-00024992-00025255 i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00113-00025256-00025422 sometimes it feels really scary to talk
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00114-00025423-00025631 about it as well because you're like who
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00115-00025632-00025911 am i to talk on this subject um and i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00116-00025912-00026055 think quite often people are really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00117-00026056-00026246 worried about doing things wrong so they
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00118-00026247-00026407 just don't do things
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00119-00026408-00026590 um but also
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00120-00026591-00026695 i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00121-00026695-00026935 more people are making space and doing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00122-00026936-00027127 it and showing that it's viable for
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00123-00027127-00027343 businesses like i mentioned fenty beauty
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00124-00027344-00027583 and the foundation since rihanna did
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00125-00027583-00027783 that lots of other brands are following
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00126-00027783-00027990 suit whereas before they said
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00127-00027991-00028167 it wasn't financially responsible for
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00128-00028168-00028311 them to do that because there wasn't the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00129-00028312-00028462 demand and now they're seeing this
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00130-00028463-00028574 little end
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00131-00028575-00028751 so more people are
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00132-00028752-00028958 approaching it which is fantastic and i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00133-00028960-00029039 think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00134-00029039-00029246 we just need to be having conversations
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00135-00029247-00029414 and willing to learn and willing to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00136-00029416-00029662 listen um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00137-00029663-00029814 but yeah i think it's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00138-00029816-00029990 it's taking way too long to happen at
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00139-00029991-00030135 the same time
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00140-00030136-00030246 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00141-00030247-00030407 and i know i mentioned right at the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00142-00030408-00030670 start particularly with racial diversity
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00143-00030672-00030927 how very white cornwall is
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00144-00030927-00031070 i think sometimes
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00145-00031072-00031270 it's ridiculous i think people feel like
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00146-00031272-00031439 they're being inauthentic if they use
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00147-00031439-00031623 people of color in their marketing if
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00148-00031624-00031839 it's not reflected in their team
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00149-00031839-00032014 but we need to kind of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00150-00032016-00032135 get over it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00151-00032136-00032358 and just start being more inclusive
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00152-00032360-00032639 because then it will feel more authentic
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00153-00032639-00032855 as we continue to grow and do it i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00154-00032856-00033071 people also may be a bit scared to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00155-00033072-00033431 offend yeah right so if i think of uh
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00156-00033432-00033607 friends of mine who are
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00157-00033608-00033879 in the lgbtq plus community
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00158-00033880-00034079 actually sometimes asking
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00159-00034080-00034327 questions because you're curious
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00160-00034328-00034799 can feel really risky yeah um because
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00161-00034800-00035190 you're scared that you won't
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00162-00035191-00035367 that you will say something that will
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00163-00035368-00035639 offend the other person however they may
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00164-00035640-00035774 define
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00165-00035775-00035927 but actually
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00166-00035928-00036143 if you were speaking to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00167-00036144-00036311 a sorry i'm thinking at the same time
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00168-00036312-00036511 you're speaking to a member of you the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00169-00036512-00036807 same persuasion yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00170-00036808-00037039 you might ask that yeah do you know what
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00171-00037040-00037159 i mean like
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00172-00037160-00037374 who do you think is fit do you know what
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00173-00037375-00037623 i mean that's a normal question
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00174-00037624-00037895 but somehow there is an awkwardness
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00175-00037896-00038159 around that and actually i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00176-00038160-00038527 we all have sort of that power to create
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00177-00038528-00038807 um connectivity between us and actually
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00178-00038808-00039030 you know even me asking like hey can i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00179-00039031-00039183 ask you a question and it might be a bit
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00180-00039184-00039351 borderline so if it's borderline i'm
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00181-00039352-00039599 really sorry but i'm just curious and i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00182-00039600-00039751 i i'm
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00183-00039752-00039974 i'm 98 sure
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00184-00039975-00040295 that in 98 of the times that happens the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00185-00040296-00040623 other person will go go on then yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00186-00040624-00040790 i think it come if it's coming from a
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00187-00040791-00041062 place of good i was so welcoming and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00188-00041063-00041215 respectful of it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00189-00041216-00041415 but i did see um particularly during
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00190-00041416-00041551 black history month
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00191-00041552-00041767 a lot of content online from black
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00192-00041768-00042007 creators saying
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00193-00042008-00042174 stop asking me
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00194-00042175-00042383 because people were just asking them
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00195-00042384-00042511 questions and not taking the time to do
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00196-00042512-00042695 their own research then asking them to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00197-00042696-00042846 create content for them but not paying
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00198-00042847-00043015 them for their time come and do an
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00199-00043016-00043174 instagram live for us or come and write
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00200-00043175-00043415 an article but not paying them so yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00201-00043416-00043567 that's like performative you're not
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00202-00043568-00043783 respecting these black creators and the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00203-00043784-00043918 time and effort they're putting in to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00204-00043919-00044102 make your brand look better
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00205-00044103-00044302 so there was a lot of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00206-00044303-00044527 um i guess pushback
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00207-00044528-00044790 about
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00208-00044791-00045030 the onus is on you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00209-00045031-00045207 correct yeah yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00210-00045208-00045430 exactly and i think i think that is also
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00211-00045431-00045639 something to be sort of mindful of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00212-00045640-00045846 actually there is stuff you can learn
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00213-00045847-00045951 online
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00214-00045952-00046190 but there's stuff you can't learn online
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00215-00046191-00046390 and i think knowing the difference and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00216-00046391-00046655 taking you know taking that further and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00217-00046656-00046846 going i read some stuff
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00218-00046847-00047095 and i have some questions it's probably
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00219-00047096-00047262 one of the best things to sort of go
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00220-00047263-00047399 about it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00221-00047400-00047599 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00222-00047600-00047815 rachel hammond also another one of our
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00223-00047816-00048039 speakers says i really like the target
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00224-00048040-00048215 audience review have you got any
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00225-00048216-00048439 resource to help with this
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00226-00048440-00048630 i can definitely have a quick look and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00227-00048631-00048862 try and tweet some things out afterwards
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00228-00048863-00049102 um i've done it a few times myself but
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00229-00049103-00049295 each one's been so tailored to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00230-00049296-00049439 the product or service i was working
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00231-00049440-00049702 with in the audience and sometimes it's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00232-00049703-00049918 as simple as like creating a survey
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00233-00049919-00050023 monkey
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00234-00050024-00050102 and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00235-00050103-00050295 offering an ipad to people that respond
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00236-00050296-00050495 to it like you get put in a drawer or
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00237-00050496-00050639 something not everyone
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00238-00050640-00050751 uh
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00239-00050752-00050999 encourage people to respond
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00240-00051000-00051079 yeah
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00241-00051080-00051375 if you've got like already a focus group
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00242-00051376-00051511 of people
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00243-00051512-00051719 like say for example your social media
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00244-00051720-00051887 followers that's like already kind of an
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00245-00051888-00052023 engaged group of people that you could
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00246-00052024-00052199 then speak to and say
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00247-00052200-00052366 how does this make you feel do you feel
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00248-00052367-00052559 represented ask some really good
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00249-00052560-00052750 questions and then you'll get
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00250-00052751-00052950 excellent qualified feedback
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00251-00052951-00053103 amazing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00252-00053104-00053494 um tony says great talk um any tips on
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00253-00053495-00053647 making our collective social media
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00254-00053648-00053959 experience presence more accessible
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00255-00053960-00054054 yes
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00256-00054055-00054294 um oh so many things so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00257-00054295-00054399 if you're
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00258-00054400-00054711 wanting to make kind of imagery um more
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00259-00054712-00055030 accessible and inclusive kind of really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00260-00055032-00055182 do an exercise of putting yourself in
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00261-00055183-00055382 someone else's shoes so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00262-00055383-00055535 like really get in the mindset of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00263-00055536-00055711 someone else and look for your feed and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00264-00055712-00055807 think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00265-00055808-00056094 do i feel seen do i feel represented
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00266-00056095-00056319 um you could do the same with
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00267-00056320-00056511 language as well oh i learned something
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00268-00056512-00056654 the other day about accessibility of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00269-00056655-00056879 social media and i'm devastated about it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00270-00056879-00057142 i apparently don't use emojis as bullet
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00271-00057144-00057263 points because it's really bad for
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00272-00057264-00057535 screen readers and i've been doing that
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00273-00057536-00057863 constantly for ages so i need to change
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00274-00057864-00057942 so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00275-00057944-00058166 suddenly enough uh dearest tony we
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00276-00058167-00058326 actually have a specific talk about
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00277-00058327-00058550 accessibility in social media as well by
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00278-00058551-00058799 rebecca broad amazing on this track
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00279-00058800-00059071 later today and let me tell you when at
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00280-00059072-00059199 1pm
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00281-00059200-00059335 amazing
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00282-00059336-00059471 oh yeah she'll be outside much better
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00283-00059472-00059575 than me
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00284-00059576-00059782 god bless you no worries that was a
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00285-00059783-00060126 really good start of an answer um so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00286-00060127-00060342 um guys you can hang around and ask the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00287-00060344-00060663 summer questions i'll have to buzz off
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00288-00060664-00060838 and i know that you have also got
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00289-00060839-00061047 alyssa's twitter handle etc and she's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00290-00061048-00061375 very active on twitter um just a little
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00291-00061376-00061638 fyi at 12 we have a bit of a 15 minute
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00292-00061639-00061854 coffee break yay
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00293-00061855-00062142 and then it continues so the guys on
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00294-00062144-00062430 track one will be or main stage we'll be
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00295-00062432-00062623 talking you guys through everything but
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00296-00062624-00062847 thank you so much they said to you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00297-00062848-00063126 for for your dedication to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00298-00063127-00063382 helping us become more inclusive and i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00299-00063383-00063542 really appreciate
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00300-00063544-00063830 um you and everything you do and i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00301-00063832-00064030 actually as a as a voice
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00302-00064032-00064111 of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00303-00064112-00064247 of many
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00304-00064248-00064487 diverse communities
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00305-00064488-00064726 i think your voice is probably a really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00306-00064727-00064911 important one for us to continue to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00307-00064912-00065063 listen to as well so i just wanted to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00308-00065064-00065254 thank you thank you so much i appreciate
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00309-00065255-00065350 that
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00310-00065351-00065615 brilliant see you laters guys
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00311-00065616-00065735 and so yeah we've got a couple of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00312-00065736-00065959 minutes before the break if anyone's got
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00313-00065960-00066103 any more questions feel free to ping
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00314-00066104-00066238 them at me
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00315-00066239-00066431 or i can just stand here and do jazz
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00316-00066432-00066703 hands for four minutes
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00317-00066704-00067094 please don't make me do that
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00318-00067095-00067296 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00319-00067297-00067559 [Laughter]
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00320-00067560-00067799 and tony i hope you didn't mind the
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00321-00067800-00067991 slight lack of gifts in my talk but they
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00322-00067992-00068150 were replaced with more actual video
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00323-00068151-00068303 content this time so hopefully that was
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00324-00068304-00068535 an okay alternative
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00325-00068536-00068743 so they normally extremely gift heavy
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00326-00068744-00069303 presentations
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00327-00069304-00069567 six out of ten oh thank you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00328-00069568-00069759 oh hey sharla um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00329-00069760-00069982 connect with me on twitter or um on my
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00330-00069983-00070367 linkedin um yeah give me a shout
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00331-00070368-00070535 be more than happy to chat about it more
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00332-00070536-00071094 after the event
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00333-00071095-00071262 the question i had was because i wanted
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00334-00071263-00071423 to talk about accessibility and many
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00335-00071424-00071623 conferences did not want to have me
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00336-00071624-00072031 present oh no that really sucks um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00337-00072032-00072238 to be honest i haven't talked a lot
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00338-00072239-00072462 about accessibility and inclusivity at
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00339-00072463-00072703 conferences i've done one talk about
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00340-00072704-00072882 diversity in
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00341-00072883-00073279 tech um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00342-00073280-00073359 and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00343-00073360-00073559 um quite often i talk about data driven
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00344-00073560-00073791 marketing or agile marketing so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00345-00073792-00073959 um the fact that this conference theme
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00346-00073960-00074175 was about access
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00347-00074176-00074350 made it um seemed like the really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00348-00074351-00074479 logical thing to talk about because it's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00349-00074480-00074711 something i'm really focusing on a lot
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00350-00074712-00074943 myself and trying to make
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00351-00074944-00075159 improvements in um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00352-00075160-00075303 and with a lot of the companies i work
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00353-00075304-00075406 with
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00354-00075407-00075487 so
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00355-00075488-00075606 it's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00356-00075607-00075782 been a great opportunity to talk about
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00357-00075783-00075943 it i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00358-00075944-00076238 more conferences are getting
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00359-00076239-00076455 involved in accessibility but the ones
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00360-00076456-00076606 that aren't if you look at a speaker
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00361-00076607-00076719 lineup and you've agreed to speak
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00362-00076720-00076919 somewhere and then you see
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00363-00076920-00077023 a really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00364-00077024-00077326 non-diverse panel you can withdraw and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00365-00077327-00077479 i've definitely done that before when i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00366-00077480-00077655 thought i don't like this lineup it's
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00367-00077656-00077823 not diverse
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00368-00077824-00078071 it doesn't represent who i feel
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00369-00078072-00078375 as a as a person so i'm just gonna
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00370-00078376-00078559 moonwalk back out of here doing some
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00371-00078560-00078711 awkward finger guns
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00372-00078712-00078903 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00373-00078904-00079071 what's my way to use swear words in
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00374-00079072-00079423 external cons um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00375-00079424-00079615 oh i don't know
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00376-00079616-00079879 there's a few um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00377-00079880-00080079 i don't know if i can say them if it
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00378-00080080-00080287 fits with the conference code of conduct
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00379-00080288-00080559 say tony speak to me later and i'll just
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00380-00080560-00080726 send you a barrage of swear words that i
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00381-00080727-00080862 use regularly
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00382-00080863-00080943 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00383-00080944-00081150 i reserve some of the more heavy level
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00384-00081151-00081343 ones for
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00385-00081344-00081543 to not be used as often so then they
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00386-00081544-00081887 they pack more of a punch um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00387-00081888-00082062 sometimes i like to say mother hucking
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00388-00082063-00082215 like fight the conchords because you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00389-00082216-00082350 know exactly what i mean but you can't
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00390-00082351-00082543 be offended um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00391-00082544-00082735 i don't know
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00392-00082736-00082887 um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00393-00082888-00083079 julia i had to talk about voice search
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00394-00083080-00083303 and share the results from a survey oh
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00395-00083304-00083550 that sounds really cool um i'm going to
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00396-00083551-00083782 check that out and follow that link
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00397-00083783-00083967 and i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00398-00083968-00084191 keep submitting to conferences do some
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00399-00084192-00084399 research into the ones that you think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00400-00084400-00084679 are more progressive um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00401-00084680-00085071 approach meetups maybe even just host
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00402-00085072-00085279 yourself a live webinar and zoom or
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00403-00085280-00085375 something
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00404-00085376-00085694 um so people can hop on and join i think
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00405-00085695-00085831 the more you start putting yourself out
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00406-00085832-00085943 there
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00407-00085944-00086182 um the more it gets picked up and if
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00408-00086183-00086311 you're making a name for yourself and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00409-00086312-00086550 you can back it up with evidence of
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00410-00086551-00086687 i've talked about this and people really
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00411-00086688-00086862 like it that might help
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00412-00086863-00087111 um but there's conferences that are like
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00413-00087112-00087343 specifically about
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00414-00087344-00087591 um accessibility on the web and voice
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00415-00087592-00087847 search it's becoming more of a thing um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00416-00087848-00087959 obviously there's loads of seo
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00417-00087960-00088182 conferences it's brighton seo
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00418-00088183-00088343 this week actually i don't know if you
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00419-00088344-00088518 submitted that they were really keen on
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00420-00088519-00088615 getting
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00421-00088616-00088782 lots of first-time speakers and people
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00422-00088783-00088926 that didn't want just like rockstar
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00423-00088927-00089079 names involved this year which was great
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00424-00089080-00089279 to see um
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00425-00089280-00089543 anyway it is
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00426-00089544-00089750 coffee break time so i will let you all
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00427-00089751-00089967 go uh juliana it's been lush having your
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00428-00089968-00090103 questions feel free to connect to me and
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00429-00090104-00090311 we can carry on chatting about um how we
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00430-00090312-00090471 can take over the world with our talks
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00431-00090472-00090718 about accessibility thanks so much guys
+sfRCORnBYjQ-00432-00090719-00091019 bye
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00000-00000076-00000430 [Applause]
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00001-00000431-00000515 all right
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00002-00000516-00000678 [Applause]
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00003-00000679-00000966 thank you guys thanks so much we got a
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00004-00000967-00001143 lot of people from everywhere you guys
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00005-00001144-00001607 where you we've got italy germany oh
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00006-00001607-00001743 wait wait wait wait let's do it ready
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00007-00001744-00002255 italy where's italy
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00008-00002256-00002823 european house where's germany
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00009-00002824-00003422 where's the united kingdom
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00010-00003423-00003590 i'm gonna leave us on a bit of a high
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00011-00003592-00003759 note after that one
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00012-00003760-00004038 um i wanna play a song called help you
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00013-00004039-00004103 fly
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00014-00004104-00004367 and it's about uh it's about community
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00015-00004368-00004495 it's about finding
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00016-00004496-00004679 the folks around you who lift you up and
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00017-00004680-00004847 help you celebrate and right now you
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00018-00004848-00005031 know in the times that we're in
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00019-00005032-00005302 um in this very moment i'm so excited
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00020-00005303-00005438 that we're all here in this
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00021-00005439-00005944 space together
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00022-00005945-00006238 [Music]
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00023-00006239-00006542 i know how misery loves her company got
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00024-00006543-00006991 a party gathered around him now
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00025-00006992-00007375 they come running from far and wide
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00026-00007376-00007806 but who's gonna help you fly
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00027-00007808-00007991 and they come calling when you're
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00028-00007992-00008167 falling down so i'm gonna
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00029-00008168-00008495 always pick you up off the ground
+sh5vqwB8ZD8-00030-00008496-00008960 oh nobody wanna see you cry
+shnG7O2qiIu-00000-00000533-00000833 in unconditioned motivating operation is
+shnG7O2qiIu-00001-00000834-00001012 a motivating operation that has not been
+shnG7O2qiIu-00002-00001013-00001345 conditioned no that doesn't work no God
+shnG7O2qiIu-00003-00001346-00001481 he don't want to do it no I'm kidding
+shnG7O2qiIu-00004-00001482-00001541 it's true
+shnG7O2qiIu-00005-00001542-00001768 the word unconditioned always bothers me
+shnG7O2qiIu-00006-00001769-00001925 hasn't been conditioned no it's just
+shnG7O2qiIu-00007-00001926-00002081 that it's that you didn't need
+shnG7O2qiIu-00008-00002082-00002239 conditioning in order for it to work
+shnG7O2qiIu-00009-00002240-00002471 really right what is that supposed to
+shnG7O2qiIu-00010-00002472-00002687 mean well think about it for a second if
+shnG7O2qiIu-00011-00002688-00002867 I withhold water from you for like I
+shnG7O2qiIu-00012-00002868-00003038 don't know fourteen fifteen sixteen days
+shnG7O2qiIu-00013-00003039-00003363 I mean hours it might be that you will
+shnG7O2qiIu-00014-00003364-00003629 engage in behaviors to seek outside
+shnG7O2qiIu-00015-00003629-00003977 water right so there is a motivating
+shnG7O2qiIu-00016-00003978-00004222 operation in present one could say
+shnG7O2qiIu-00017-00004223-00004588 thirsty but that is so not behavioral to
+shnG7O2qiIu-00018-00004589-00004760 do that it's not observable so we just
+shnG7O2qiIu-00019-00004761-00004976 say since it's been 14 hours since your
+shnG7O2qiIu-00020-00004977-00005075 last drink of water
+shnG7O2qiIu-00021-00005076-00005285 we assume this person is engaged is
+shnG7O2qiIu-00022-00005286-00005426 going to engage in water seeking
+shnG7O2qiIu-00023-00005427-00005752 behavior right you get what I'm doing
+shnG7O2qiIu-00024-00005753-00005881 I'm being highly technical with my
+shnG7O2qiIu-00025-00005882-00006134 description but the unconditioned
+shnG7O2qiIu-00026-00006135-00006313 motivating operation part is that you
+shnG7O2qiIu-00027-00006314-00006484 didn't have to learn anything special
+shnG7O2qiIu-00028-00006486-00006770 about that right it's just a it's a
+shnG7O2qiIu-00029-00006770-00006941 reflexive sort of thing I mean if I
+shnG7O2qiIu-00030-00006942-00007163 withhold oxygen from you for a while I'm
+shnG7O2qiIu-00031-00007164-00007316 sure you'll desire oxygen and I'll
+shnG7O2qiIu-00032-00007317-00007495 create a motivating scenario that's the
+shnG7O2qiIu-00033-00007497-00007931 point it prompts you to engage in it
+shnG7O2qiIu-00034-00007931-00008078 sets up a condition where engaging in
+shnG7O2qiIu-00035-00008079-00008189 certain behaviors will produce
+shnG7O2qiIu-00036-00008190-00008498 reinforcers but it's without learning
+shnG7O2qiIu-00037-00008499-00008728 history because he didn't keeping alive
+shnG7O2qiIu-00038-00008729-00008917 and sex and food and water and air and
+shnG7O2qiIu-00039-00008918-00009317 it's all the unconditioned stuff
+siieyQHMl2A-00000-00000162-00000782 [Music]
+siieyQHMl2A-00001-00000783-00000847 throughout
+siieyQHMl2A-00002-00000848-00001150 my work with the icrc in the past
+siieyQHMl2A-00003-00001151-00001358 few years there has been a various
+siieyQHMl2A-00004-00001359-00001495 humanitarian
+siieyQHMl2A-00005-00001496-00001887 diplomacy efforts set for influencing
+siieyQHMl2A-00006-00001888-00002110 the parties for armed conflict and
+siieyQHMl2A-00007-00002111-00002255 others
+siieyQHMl2A-00008-00002256-00002534 that has triggered down positive impact
+siieyQHMl2A-00009-00002535-00002815 on our negotiations in the field level
+siieyQHMl2A-00010-00002816-00003142 my organization has invested a lot
+siieyQHMl2A-00011-00003143-00003454 to facilitate the negotiation process in
+siieyQHMl2A-00012-00003455-00003575 the field level
+siieyQHMl2A-00013-00003576-00003854 by uh building the capacity of the
+siieyQHMl2A-00014-00003855-00003990 frontline staffs
+siieyQHMl2A-00015-00003992-00004295 to train and retrain our staff
+siieyQHMl2A-00016-00004296-00004615 on the engagement process uh in in the
+siieyQHMl2A-00017-00004616-00004838 field building relationship where with
+siieyQHMl2A-00018-00004839-00004959 stakeholders
+siieyQHMl2A-00019-00004960-00005263 uh designing negotiation process
+siieyQHMl2A-00020-00005264-00005670 apart from our training staff
+siieyQHMl2A-00021-00005671-00005991 there is also discussion with donors on
+siieyQHMl2A-00022-00005992-00006070 funding
+siieyQHMl2A-00023-00006071-00006343 uh issues relating to negotiation issue
+siieyQHMl2A-00024-00006344-00006518 related to counter-terrorism
+siieyQHMl2A-00025-00006519-00006814 uh which is part of our effort for
+siieyQHMl2A-00026-00006815-00006959 humanitarian
+siieyQHMl2A-00027-00006959-00007303 diplomacy i think in general negotiation
+siieyQHMl2A-00028-00007304-00007495 even though i'm i'm a surgeon takes
+siieyQHMl2A-00029-00007495-00007614 place in any
+siieyQHMl2A-00030-00007615-00007839 facet in detail in life and then also
+siieyQHMl2A-00031-00007840-00007974 professional life
+siieyQHMl2A-00032-00007975-00008239 i remember one particular case a
+siieyQHMl2A-00033-00008240-00008471 scenario an incident that happened
+siieyQHMl2A-00034-00008472-00008687 some years ago while i was on a mission
+siieyQHMl2A-00035-00008688-00008878 with icsc
+siieyQHMl2A-00036-00008879-00009183 so there was a
+siieyQHMl2A-00037-00009184-00009567 devastating explosion
+siieyQHMl2A-00038-00009568-00009910 where there was a lot of people burned
+siieyQHMl2A-00039-00009911-00010246 and wounded in an already pre-existing
+siieyQHMl2A-00040-00010247-00010567 violent and unstable environment
+siieyQHMl2A-00041-00010568-00010783 you have to imagine the place was looted
+siieyQHMl2A-00042-00010784-00010895 was an
+siieyQHMl2A-00043-00010896-00011206 almost empty hospital apart from
+siieyQHMl2A-00044-00011207-00011463 many hundreds of patients at the spot
+siieyQHMl2A-00045-00011464-00011655 there was no electricity there was no
+siieyQHMl2A-00046-00011656-00011751 water
+siieyQHMl2A-00047-00011752-00012103 so i made the decision to go and
+siieyQHMl2A-00048-00012104-00012414 about six seven hours after notification
+siieyQHMl2A-00049-00012415-00012783 this um decision done by the delegation
+siieyQHMl2A-00050-00012784-00012846 made us
+siieyQHMl2A-00051-00012847-00013119 actually land in this particular field
+siieyQHMl2A-00052-00013119-00013222 and then i
+siieyQHMl2A-00053-00013223-00013615 um as um one of the medical team members
+siieyQHMl2A-00054-00013616-00014038 was in a matter of minutes just
+siieyQHMl2A-00055-00014040-00014343 involved into explaining the situation
+siieyQHMl2A-00056-00014344-00014479 to all stakeholders
+siieyQHMl2A-00057-00014480-00014751 to both sides pointed out what was
+siieyQHMl2A-00058-00014752-00014838 needed and
+siieyQHMl2A-00059-00014840-00015150 i absolutely um
+siieyQHMl2A-00060-00015151-00015327 had access to the people and an
+siieyQHMl2A-00061-00015328-00015463 understanding but
+siieyQHMl2A-00062-00015463-00015766 what had been done before by the leading
+siieyQHMl2A-00063-00015768-00015863 characters of
+siieyQHMl2A-00064-00015863-00016191 icsc and the head of delegation
+siieyQHMl2A-00065-00016191-00016575 was mobilizing the staff the equipment
+siieyQHMl2A-00066-00016576-00016822 the resources within a very short time
+siieyQHMl2A-00067-00016823-00016886 frame
+siieyQHMl2A-00068-00016887-00017183 and also having already the um
+siieyQHMl2A-00069-00017184-00017415 participants or the stakeholders in
+siieyQHMl2A-00070-00017416-00017694 on the spot being in informed about that
+siieyQHMl2A-00071-00017695-00017879 we were coming and what we were doing so
+siieyQHMl2A-00072-00017880-00018079 i think it is a good example to
+siieyQHMl2A-00073-00018080-00018430 to um just light up to see
+siieyQHMl2A-00074-00018431-00018622 what in a very limited time frame
+siieyQHMl2A-00075-00018623-00018847 happened and how diplomatic efforts and
+siieyQHMl2A-00076-00018848-00019063 humanitarian integration
+siieyQHMl2A-00077-00019064-00019422 in the end very concretely trends
+siieyQHMl2A-00078-00019423-00019758 were transformed into a very efficient
+siieyQHMl2A-00079-00019759-00020105 emergency response
+siieyQHMl2A-00080-00020106-00020599 [Music]
+siieyQHMl2A-00081-00020600-00020911 from the country office down to the
+siieyQHMl2A-00082-00020912-00021207 regional and to the hq there have been
+siieyQHMl2A-00083-00021208-00021447 an ammonization and discussion going on
+siieyQHMl2A-00084-00021448-00021814 on on uh frequently on see uh what
+siieyQHMl2A-00085-00021815-00021975 are the strategies that are supposed to
+siieyQHMl2A-00086-00021976-00022150 be put in place although
+siieyQHMl2A-00087-00022151-00022439 um higher level diplomacy is taking
+siieyQHMl2A-00088-00022440-00022614 place at the headquarters at the state
+siieyQHMl2A-00089-00022615-00022703 level
+siieyQHMl2A-00090-00022704-00023055 many efforts are set earlier to this
+siieyQHMl2A-00091-00023056-00023342 to the stage on the field to shape up
+siieyQHMl2A-00092-00023343-00023430 the effort
+siieyQHMl2A-00093-00023431-00023735 for those who represent the field in the
+siieyQHMl2A-00094-00023736-00023830 headquarters
+siieyQHMl2A-00095-00023831-00024103 i do believe that when designing a
+siieyQHMl2A-00096-00024104-00024311 humanitarian diplomacy efforts
+siieyQHMl2A-00097-00024312-00024527 there should be an involvement for the
+siieyQHMl2A-00098-00024528-00024719 field uh practitioners
+siieyQHMl2A-00099-00024720-00025022 especially those having long experience
+siieyQHMl2A-00100-00025023-00025247 in the field and are able to represent
+siieyQHMl2A-00101-00025248-00025447 and take decisions
+siieyQHMl2A-00102-00025448-00025639 when you're in the field those weekly
+siieyQHMl2A-00103-00025639-00025767 meetings or
+siieyQHMl2A-00104-00025768-00026078 briefings basically they are important
+siieyQHMl2A-00105-00026079-00026335 but i do not believe that any expert and
+siieyQHMl2A-00106-00026336-00026558 any team member needs to at any time
+siieyQHMl2A-00107-00026560-00026870 give his own statement to to a
+siieyQHMl2A-00108-00026872-00027190 complex issue where you're not as firm
+siieyQHMl2A-00109-00027191-00027543 as um professional so i would not
+siieyQHMl2A-00110-00027544-00027911 ask um peter moura to do an amputation
+siieyQHMl2A-00111-00027912-00028255 on the other hand i would not be able to
+siieyQHMl2A-00112-00028256-00028502 do a leading negotiation with a
+siieyQHMl2A-00113-00028504-00028662 president of a state
+siieyQHMl2A-00114-00028663-00028943 the hq sometimes understand how
+siieyQHMl2A-00115-00028944-00029151 diplomacy should move on
+siieyQHMl2A-00116-00029152-00029479 so did they discuss with
+siieyQHMl2A-00117-00029480-00029695 the frontline staff and see the input
+siieyQHMl2A-00118-00029695-00029814 that they can add
+siieyQHMl2A-00119-00029816-00030135 and uh with with uh with input from the
+siieyQHMl2A-00120-00030136-00030343 frontline staffs and other
+siieyQHMl2A-00121-00030344-00030607 uh from the region and hq can be
+siieyQHMl2A-00122-00030608-00030718 harmonized to have
+siieyQHMl2A-00123-00030719-00031031 a standard tools or
+siieyQHMl2A-00124-00031032-00031423 our position on on on a specific
+siieyQHMl2A-00125-00031424-00031816 diplomacy message
+siieyQHMl2A-00126-00031817-00032135 [Music]
+siieyQHMl2A-00127-00032136-00032343 a point i want to make is a
+siieyQHMl2A-00128-00032344-00032439 recommendation
+siieyQHMl2A-00129-00032439-00032758 for the the international uh uh
+siieyQHMl2A-00130-00032760-00032927 community national international
+siieyQHMl2A-00131-00032928-00033071 maintenance community
+siieyQHMl2A-00132-00033072-00033374 to look into going down down to the
+siieyQHMl2A-00133-00033375-00033495 field level
+siieyQHMl2A-00134-00033496-00033751 because the frontliners today are being
+siieyQHMl2A-00135-00033752-00033807 trained
+siieyQHMl2A-00136-00033808-00034055 on how to carry out negotiation how to
+siieyQHMl2A-00137-00034056-00034174 do an engagement
+siieyQHMl2A-00138-00034175-00034390 but the opportunity might not be there
+siieyQHMl2A-00139-00034391-00034567 sometimes it might be very tricky
+siieyQHMl2A-00140-00034568-00034743 that because of the structures of maybe
+siieyQHMl2A-00141-00034744-00034887 the non-state andrews
+siieyQHMl2A-00142-00034888-00035255 that are available within a specific
+siieyQHMl2A-00143-00035256-00035518 context but also there will be some
+siieyQHMl2A-00144-00035519-00035679 legislation or con
+siieyQHMl2A-00145-00035680-00035862 that is counter terrorism legislation
+siieyQHMl2A-00146-00035863-00036039 that is preventing
+siieyQHMl2A-00147-00036040-00036302 some some type of engagement and this
+siieyQHMl2A-00148-00036303-00036446 engagement that is not happening
+siieyQHMl2A-00149-00036447-00036735 is putting the lives of the maintenance
+siieyQHMl2A-00150-00036736-00036990 sometimes at high risk only expectations
+siieyQHMl2A-00151-00036991-00037246 of the humanitarian diplomacy deployed
+siieyQHMl2A-00152-00037247-00037599 at high headquarters level is to
+siieyQHMl2A-00153-00037600-00037855 continue influencing and persuading the
+siieyQHMl2A-00154-00037856-00038151 decision makers to facilitate our
+siieyQHMl2A-00155-00038152-00038471 negotiations in the field and to ensure
+siieyQHMl2A-00156-00038472-00038623 our ability to
+siieyQHMl2A-00157-00038624-00038990 access and to implement our operations
+siieyQHMl2A-00158-00038991-00039262 at the same time to continue involving
+siieyQHMl2A-00159-00039263-00039327 the field
+siieyQHMl2A-00160-00039328-00039662 practitioners to contribute and share
+siieyQHMl2A-00161-00039663-00039862 their views
+siieyQHMl2A-00162-00039863-00040079 during the humanitarian diplomacy
+siieyQHMl2A-00163-00040080-00040207 preparations
+siieyQHMl2A-00164-00040208-00040511 and we are always expecting that
+siieyQHMl2A-00165-00040512-00040839 or we appreciate to hear some feedback
+siieyQHMl2A-00166-00040840-00041374 uh on on the outcomes of their
+siieyQHMl2A-00167-00041375-00041727 humanitarian diplomacy negotiations
+siieyQHMl2A-00168-00041728-00042384 at the higher level
+sibZfgh_EBE-00000-00000119-00000383 hi everyone and welcome to the think
+sibZfgh_EBE-00001-00000384-00000615 before you do part two video where we're
+sibZfgh_EBE-00002-00000616-00000831 going to work through an example of a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00003-00000832-00001031 pre-registration
+sibZfgh_EBE-00004-00001032-00001223 and the aim of today's lecture is just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00005-00001224-00001470 to give you a hands-on example of what's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00006-00001471-00001687 involved in a pre-registered report and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00007-00001688-00001863 how you can work through the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00008-00001864-00002087 reproducible research checklist and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00009-00002088-00002191 apply
+sibZfgh_EBE-00010-00002192-00002367 this checklist to your own work in your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00011-00002368-00002567 dissertation
+sibZfgh_EBE-00012-00002568-00002734 so today's example is actually going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00013-00002735-00003023 be from one of my phd projects which
+sibZfgh_EBE-00014-00003024-00003199 looks at the association between
+sibZfgh_EBE-00015-00003200-00003406 pubertal development and adolescent
+sibZfgh_EBE-00016-00003407-00003606 depression so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00017-00003607-00003854 having a framework to to use when
+sibZfgh_EBE-00018-00003855-00004086 drafting up my pre-registration as part
+sibZfgh_EBE-00019-00004087-00004383 of my phd has made the whole process so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00020-00004384-00004591 much easier and there's been a very
+sibZfgh_EBE-00021-00004592-00004831 clear like checklist to follow and yeah
+sibZfgh_EBE-00022-00004832-00004975 i definitely recommend following this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00023-00004976-00005270 format in in your own research project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00024-00005271-00005502 and thankfully there are so many options
+sibZfgh_EBE-00025-00005503-00005727 available to help you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00026-00005728-00005967 you know kind of design pre-registration
+sibZfgh_EBE-00027-00005968-00006279 so the open science framework has a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00028-00006280-00006510 wonderful collection of resources and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00029-00006511-00006655 there are so many different templates
+sibZfgh_EBE-00030-00006656-00006814 regardless of what kind of project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00031-00006815-00006991 you're doing so if it's data collection
+sibZfgh_EBE-00032-00006992-00007246 based secondary data analysis a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00033-00007247-00007439 qualitative study so there's so much
+sibZfgh_EBE-00034-00007440-00007710 that you can use to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00035-00007711-00007927 so much that you can use um to help you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00036-00007928-00008134 kind of along your way and these links
+sibZfgh_EBE-00037-00008136-00008319 here will kind of be able to provide you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00038-00008320-00008519 with the resources after the lecture and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00039-00008520-00008663 you can have a look at them in your own
+sibZfgh_EBE-00040-00008664-00008855 time
+sibZfgh_EBE-00041-00008856-00009167 but for the purposes of today's example
+sibZfgh_EBE-00042-00009168-00009374 i'm going to kind of focus more on a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00043-00009375-00009583 quantitative project for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00044-00009584-00009863 a secondary data analysis based project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00045-00009864-00010063 which is the kind of project that i was
+sibZfgh_EBE-00046-00010064-00010271 doing but at the same time this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00047-00010272-00010446 checklist can be applied to any project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00048-00010447-00010703 you do so you know as we go through this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00049-00010704-00010927 checklist just keep in mind how you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00050-00010928-00011046 might apply
+sibZfgh_EBE-00051-00011047-00011255 these kind of methods and this framework
+sibZfgh_EBE-00052-00011256-00011559 to your own research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00053-00011560-00011935 so first of all you know the first two
+sibZfgh_EBE-00054-00011936-00012142 items on this checklist really kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00055-00012143-00012383 situate your research project and allow
+sibZfgh_EBE-00056-00012384-00012614 you to get started so the first one is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00057-00012615-00012774 you know what's my general research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00058-00012775-00013079 question and then what are my specific
+sibZfgh_EBE-00059-00013080-00013471 concise and testable hypotheses
+sibZfgh_EBE-00060-00013472-00013711 so before you kind of decide upon your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00061-00013712-00013927 research question and your hypotheses
+sibZfgh_EBE-00062-00013928-00014103 it's important that you kind of decide
+sibZfgh_EBE-00063-00014104-00014351 upon a project title and then also
+sibZfgh_EBE-00064-00014352-00014607 provide a brief description so this can
+sibZfgh_EBE-00065-00014608-00014871 be like an abstract length
+sibZfgh_EBE-00066-00014872-00015071 piece of writing on the kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00067-00015072-00015230 background to your project why it's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00068-00015231-00015366 important to undertake this piece of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00069-00015368-00015486 research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00070-00015487-00015679 and then once you've established those
+sibZfgh_EBE-00071-00015680-00015919 you can list your research question so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00072-00015919-00016103 for example in
+sibZfgh_EBE-00073-00016104-00016311 in in my case here my research question
+sibZfgh_EBE-00074-00016312-00016399 was
+sibZfgh_EBE-00075-00016400-00016671 is pubertal timing associated with
+sibZfgh_EBE-00076-00016672-00016967 depressive symptoms during adolescence
+sibZfgh_EBE-00077-00016968-00017119 and then my hypothesis is kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00078-00017120-00017263 following on from this so my null
+sibZfgh_EBE-00079-00017264-00017479 hypothesis was that there is no
+sibZfgh_EBE-00080-00017480-00017686 association between pubertal timing and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00081-00017687-00018014 depression in adolescence and then my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00082-00018015-00018271 first hypothesis was that early pubertal
+sibZfgh_EBE-00083-00018272-00018543 timing is associated with increased
+sibZfgh_EBE-00084-00018544-00018807 depressive symptoms in adolescence
+sibZfgh_EBE-00085-00018808-00019111 so this is a few things to note here so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00086-00019112-00019358 it's good practice to only use two
+sibZfgh_EBE-00087-00019359-00019599 concepts per research question so you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00088-00019600-00019719 might have a couple of research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00089-00019720-00019950 questions in your dissertation but you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00090-00019951-00020199 know having this two-concept kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00091-00020200-00020430 rule really does make it a lot easier
+sibZfgh_EBE-00092-00020431-00020694 for you to kind of i suppose decide upon
+sibZfgh_EBE-00093-00020695-00020814 your research question and the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00094-00020815-00020999 relationship you want to study but then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00095-00021000-00021255 it's also much much easier than to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00096-00021256-00021519 design or to kind of decide upon a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00097-00021520-00021799 statistical test that you'll use to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00098-00021800-00022063 to test this hypothesis um and also you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00099-00022064-00022214 can see here in my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00100-00022215-00022503 my first hypothesis that i've made the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00101-00022504-00022686 kind of directionality of this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00102-00022687-00022871 association or the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00103-00022872-00023055 association that i hypothesize quite
+sibZfgh_EBE-00104-00023056-00023278 clear so i'm saying that early pubertal
+sibZfgh_EBE-00105-00023279-00023535 timing is associated with increased
+sibZfgh_EBE-00106-00023536-00023750 depressive symptoms so you know it
+sibZfgh_EBE-00107-00023751-00023935 really is important that you give as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00108-00023936-00024127 much information as possible because
+sibZfgh_EBE-00109-00024128-00024335 this will kind of you know set the tone
+sibZfgh_EBE-00110-00024336-00024463 going forward for the rest of your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00111-00024464-00024678 project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00112-00024679-00024814 so once you've decided upon your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00113-00024815-00025111 research questions and your hypotheses
+sibZfgh_EBE-00114-00025112-00025391 how are you going to kind of go about
+sibZfgh_EBE-00115-00025392-00025567 you know testing testing these
+sibZfgh_EBE-00116-00025568-00025767 hypotheses and and what sort of sample
+sibZfgh_EBE-00117-00025768-00025870 are you going to use and how are you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00118-00025872-00026118 going to design the studies so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00119-00026119-00026390 um yeah the next step then is your study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00120-00026391-00026527 design
+sibZfgh_EBE-00121-00026527-00026774 so this section can vary a lot depending
+sibZfgh_EBE-00122-00026775-00026951 on the nature of your project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00123-00026952-00027295 but the key is to give as much detail as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00124-00027295-00027439 possible
+sibZfgh_EBE-00125-00027439-00027702 and you know in in my case i'm working
+sibZfgh_EBE-00126-00027704-00027823 with a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00127-00027824-00028095 big kind of longitudinal cohort study in
+sibZfgh_EBE-00128-00028095-00028302 the us and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00129-00028304-00028567 you know so so like i know that kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00130-00028568-00028751 going into this project i don't have any
+sibZfgh_EBE-00131-00028752-00028990 control on the kind of type of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00132-00028991-00029174 sample that i'm using but you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00133-00029175-00029358 they're still really kind of key points
+sibZfgh_EBE-00134-00029360-00029487 of information that you do need to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00135-00029488-00029743 include so and the type of data so you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00136-00029744-00029943 can see here that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00137-00029944-00030062 the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00138-00030063-00030183 data that i'm working with the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00139-00030183-00030318 adolescent brain and cognitive
+sibZfgh_EBE-00140-00030319-00030567 development study or the abcd study it's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00141-00030568-00030814 a longitudinal cohort so already you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00142-00030816-00031014 know you know okay well this is the kind
+sibZfgh_EBE-00143-00031016-00031255 of data i'm working with i've given some
+sibZfgh_EBE-00144-00031256-00031462 general content of the data set so i've
+sibZfgh_EBE-00145-00031463-00031711 said that it's you know based in the us
+sibZfgh_EBE-00146-00031712-00031895 it has neuroimaging biological and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00147-00031895-00032046 behavioral measures
+sibZfgh_EBE-00148-00032047-00032223 and you know let's say for example i
+sibZfgh_EBE-00149-00032224-00032431 could provide further detail here about
+sibZfgh_EBE-00150-00032432-00032614 you know how did i access the data what
+sibZfgh_EBE-00151-00032616-00032879 sort of approvals did i have so these so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00152-00032880-00033102 this part of the pre-registration will
+sibZfgh_EBE-00153-00033103-00033262 vary depending on the type of project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00154-00033263-00033374 you're using
+sibZfgh_EBE-00155-00033375-00033471 but you can have a chat to your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00156-00033472-00033718 supervisor and kind of look at existing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00157-00033719-00033918 kind of papers that might be similar or
+sibZfgh_EBE-00158-00033919-00034143 use a similar data set to you um but
+sibZfgh_EBE-00159-00034144-00034302 again it's just about really being
+sibZfgh_EBE-00160-00034303-00034518 transparent and and kind of providing as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00161-00034519-00034702 much detail as you can so you can see
+sibZfgh_EBE-00162-00034703-00034927 here there's some further information on
+sibZfgh_EBE-00163-00034928-00035087 what sort of information you might want
+sibZfgh_EBE-00164-00035088-00035302 to include if it's a data collection or
+sibZfgh_EBE-00165-00035303-00035679 a qualitative project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00166-00035680-00035839 so once you've decided upon the study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00167-00035840-00036199 design um you need to kind of you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00168-00036200-00036343 then think about okay well what sort of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00169-00036344-00036543 sample am i going to use and obviously
+sibZfgh_EBE-00170-00036544-00036774 this does depend on the kind of project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00171-00036775-00036927 that you're doing so the sample might
+sibZfgh_EBE-00172-00036928-00037055 already be available if you're doing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00173-00037056-00037255 secondary data analysis which was the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00174-00037256-00037471 case for me but you know you might also
+sibZfgh_EBE-00175-00037472-00037623 have to collect your own data so there
+sibZfgh_EBE-00176-00037624-00037790 are kind of follow-on questions then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00177-00037791-00037974 that we might need to consider if that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00178-00037975-00038295 were the case
+sibZfgh_EBE-00179-00038296-00038583 so you know my sampling plan here is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00180-00038584-00038727 telling the reader okay well i'm going
+sibZfgh_EBE-00181-00038728-00039015 to use an unrelated sub sample of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00182-00039016-00039215 abcd participants and then i'm telling
+sibZfgh_EBE-00183-00039216-00039407 the reader okay how many participants am
+sibZfgh_EBE-00184-00039408-00039551 i actually going to be using and what's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00185-00039552-00039774 the total sample size
+sibZfgh_EBE-00186-00039775-00039895 and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00187-00039896-00040062 you know like there are some things that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00188-00040063-00040318 are important to to pay attention to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00189-00040319-00040407 here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00190-00040408-00040551 and one of them that i'll just kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00191-00040552-00040823 draw your attention to and briefly is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00192-00040824-00041062 power analysis so this is a very
+sibZfgh_EBE-00193-00041063-00041351 important aspect of experimental design
+sibZfgh_EBE-00194-00041352-00041574 and it gets mentioned quite a lot but i
+sibZfgh_EBE-00195-00041575-00041735 think you know and you can you could
+sibZfgh_EBE-00196-00041736-00041927 probably have you could have an entire
+sibZfgh_EBE-00197-00041928-00042167 lecture on what power analysis is and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00198-00042168-00042343 this is something that if you know you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00199-00042344-00042479 guys are interested and we can touch
+sibZfgh_EBE-00200-00042480-00042695 upon it in some of the live sessions
+sibZfgh_EBE-00201-00042696-00042855 but just briefly
+sibZfgh_EBE-00202-00042856-00043071 the statistical power of a hypothesis
+sibZfgh_EBE-00203-00043072-00043471 test is the probability of the detecting
+sibZfgh_EBE-00204-00043472-00043727 an effect if there is a true
+sibZfgh_EBE-00205-00043728-00043974 effect to detect so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00206-00043975-00044223 um you know essentially like is the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00207-00044224-00044439 probability of finding an effect that's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00208-00044440-00044630 there and you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00209-00044631-00044718 the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00210-00044719-00044918 power of your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00211-00044919-00045135 of your study is determined by a few
+sibZfgh_EBE-00212-00045136-00045415 different criteria so your sample size
+sibZfgh_EBE-00213-00045416-00045607 your effect size of interest the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00214-00045608-00045846 significance level which is usually set
+sibZfgh_EBE-00215-00045847-00045955 at um
+sibZfgh_EBE-00216-00045956-00046271 0.05 and if you and statistical power
+sibZfgh_EBE-00217-00046272-00046527 and if you have any of these three out
+sibZfgh_EBE-00218-00046528-00046807 of four criteria you can calculate the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00219-00046808-00047023 power of your study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00220-00047024-00047239 and power analysis is important because
+sibZfgh_EBE-00221-00047240-00047479 it allows us to determine the sample
+sibZfgh_EBE-00222-00047480-00047807 size required to detect an effect of a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00223-00047808-00048015 given size with a given degree of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00224-00048016-00048239 confidence so it's a very important
+sibZfgh_EBE-00225-00048240-00048407 aspect of experimental design and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00226-00048408-00048558 something that you should kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00227-00048559-00048751 definitely be thinking about as part of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00228-00048752-00048958 your sampling plan but again
+sibZfgh_EBE-00229-00048959-00049086 i'm not going to dwell on that too much
+sibZfgh_EBE-00230-00049087-00049311 here but we can have kind of an
+sibZfgh_EBE-00231-00049312-00049455 additional conversation about that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00232-00049456-00049615 during the live session
+sibZfgh_EBE-00233-00049616-00049871 um and then you know this is that also
+sibZfgh_EBE-00234-00049872-00050071 related to things like your stopping
+sibZfgh_EBE-00235-00050072-00050230 rule okay so like when are you going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00236-00050231-00050455 stop data collection you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00237-00050456-00050623 what sort of inclusion and exclusion
+sibZfgh_EBE-00238-00050624-00050855 criteria how are you going to recruit
+sibZfgh_EBE-00239-00050856-00051127 the sample so for example for the abcd
+sibZfgh_EBE-00240-00051128-00051326 study they were recruited through
+sibZfgh_EBE-00241-00051327-00051558 schools and via snowballing methods
+sibZfgh_EBE-00242-00051559-00051854 across 21 sites and you can see here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00243-00051855-00052087 when you provide this level of detail
+sibZfgh_EBE-00244-00052088-00052279 it then kind of informs
+sibZfgh_EBE-00245-00052279-00052471 what sort of factors you might want to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00246-00052472-00052663 consider when designing your statistical
+sibZfgh_EBE-00247-00052664-00052950 tests and so it really is helping you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00248-00052951-00053094 kind of have a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00249-00053095-00053415 you know a watertight plan that makes it
+sibZfgh_EBE-00250-00053416-00053663 much much easier to kind of execute the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00251-00053664-00054071 the research project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00252-00054072-00054319 so once you've decided kind of on on
+sibZfgh_EBE-00253-00054320-00054438 those
+sibZfgh_EBE-00254-00054439-00054638 aspects of of the recipe and you've kind
+sibZfgh_EBE-00255-00054639-00054782 of you know given as much detail as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00256-00054783-00055030 possible we then move on to kind of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00257-00055032-00055215 variables of interest and how they might
+sibZfgh_EBE-00258-00055216-00055342 be measured
+sibZfgh_EBE-00259-00055344-00055542 and related to this what are the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00260-00055544-00055807 covariates am i going to use and what's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00261-00055808-00056047 my rationale for including them
+sibZfgh_EBE-00262-00056048-00056247 and also there are so many you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00263-00056248-00056366 different
+sibZfgh_EBE-00264-00056367-00056566 aspects of the data that we might be
+sibZfgh_EBE-00265-00056567-00056694 working with like what are we going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00266-00056695-00056911 do if there's missing data what if the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00267-00056912-00057142 distribution of my data is skewed what
+sibZfgh_EBE-00268-00057144-00057359 if there are outliers present and these
+sibZfgh_EBE-00269-00057360-00057559 are all the things that you know we need
+sibZfgh_EBE-00270-00057560-00057823 to think about in advance to make our
+sibZfgh_EBE-00271-00057824-00057999 research reproducible so that others
+sibZfgh_EBE-00272-00058000-00058247 know exactly the approach we took when
+sibZfgh_EBE-00273-00058248-00058366 we were
+sibZfgh_EBE-00274-00058367-00058575 designing this project but also for your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00275-00058576-00058766 future self so when you go
+sibZfgh_EBE-00276-00058767-00058919 to the when you get to the writing up
+sibZfgh_EBE-00277-00058920-00059119 stage you're able to go back and have a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00278-00059120-00059319 look at okay well you know i included
+sibZfgh_EBE-00279-00059320-00059519 this covariate for this reason and this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00280-00059520-00059687 is my variable of interest and here is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00281-00059688-00059879 the measure that i used so again it's
+sibZfgh_EBE-00282-00059879-00060079 just really being very kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00283-00060079-00060430 methodical about your your methods and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00284-00060432-00060806 how you detail what you're doing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00285-00060807-00060879 so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00286-00060879-00061150 starting with variables so this is one
+sibZfgh_EBE-00287-00061151-00061335 of the most important section of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00288-00061336-00061479 pre-registration
+sibZfgh_EBE-00289-00061479-00061711 and you know this in gree the kind of i
+sibZfgh_EBE-00290-00061712-00061959 suppose detail in this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00291-00061960-00062223 aspect or this ingredient of our recipe
+sibZfgh_EBE-00292-00062224-00062391 can significantly affect the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00293-00062391-00062663 reproducibility of your study and often
+sibZfgh_EBE-00294-00062664-00062935 you know this is where a lot of research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00295-00062936-00063119 studies can fall down because there just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00296-00063120-00063375 isn't enough detail for someone to come
+sibZfgh_EBE-00297-00063376-00063606 along and follow your recipe and try and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00298-00063607-00063815 reproduce your study so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00299-00063816-00064054 you know for example here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00300-00064055-00064263 i'm telling the reader my independent
+sibZfgh_EBE-00301-00064264-00064494 variable is pubertal timing and my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00302-00064495-00064663 dependent variable is depressive
+sibZfgh_EBE-00303-00064664-00064911 symptoms and like there's quite a lot of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00304-00064912-00065094 of text here and i just wanted to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00305-00065095-00065271 include as much as possible just to give
+sibZfgh_EBE-00306-00065272-00065471 you kind of an indication of like how
+sibZfgh_EBE-00307-00065472-00065679 much detail you might want to include
+sibZfgh_EBE-00308-00065680-00065863 but you can have and you can have a read
+sibZfgh_EBE-00309-00065864-00066079 through this in your own time
+sibZfgh_EBE-00310-00066080-00066263 but there's just a few couple of things
+sibZfgh_EBE-00311-00066264-00066503 i want or a few things that i'd like to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00312-00066504-00066735 to highlight so for example here you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00313-00066736-00066911 know in my independent variable we know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00314-00066912-00067055 immediately that the pubertal
+sibZfgh_EBE-00315-00067056-00067238 development scale is the measure that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00316-00067239-00067471 i'm using what kind of measure is this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00317-00067472-00067687 well i've told the reader that it's five
+sibZfgh_EBE-00318-00067688-00067950 items on a four point scale
+sibZfgh_EBE-00319-00067951-00068191 and you know then i go on to tell them
+sibZfgh_EBE-00320-00068192-00068367 to to say okay well i'm going to use a
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+sibZfgh_EBE-00322-00068616-00068911 reader knows exactly how i've calculated
+sibZfgh_EBE-00323-00068912-00069103 my the score that i'm going to use in my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00324-00069104-00069215 models
+sibZfgh_EBE-00325-00069216-00069375 and then also you know were there
+sibZfgh_EBE-00326-00069376-00069559 multiple reports was there a child
+sibZfgh_EBE-00327-00069560-00069782 report or a caregiver report you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00328-00069783-00070015 what one was i going to use and again
+sibZfgh_EBE-00329-00070016-00070175 you know it's just about really being
+sibZfgh_EBE-00330-00070176-00070415 transparent and kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00331-00070416-00070638 having a step-by-step guide about how
+sibZfgh_EBE-00332-00070639-00070926 you generated the final cleaned variable
+sibZfgh_EBE-00333-00070927-00071223 that you used in your models and ideally
+sibZfgh_EBE-00334-00071224-00071511 alongside this kind of text
+sibZfgh_EBE-00335-00071512-00071631 in your manuscript or in your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00336-00071632-00071855 dissertation you will provide a link to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00337-00071856-00072143 the code that you used for data
+sibZfgh_EBE-00338-00072144-00072294 so the code is really useful here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00339-00072295-00072479 because it means that you have a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00340-00072480-00072687 blueprint that you can follow in your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00341-00072688-00072847 write-up and then if there's any kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00342-00072848-00073023 ambiguity or
+sibZfgh_EBE-00343-00073024-00073319 or uncertainty um in once you get to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00344-00073320-00073479 your statistical analysis you can go
+sibZfgh_EBE-00345-00073480-00073623 back and you know exactly how you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00346-00073624-00073799 processed your data
+sibZfgh_EBE-00347-00073800-00074062 so you know i applied a similar approach
+sibZfgh_EBE-00348-00074063-00074282 to the dependent variable depressive
+sibZfgh_EBE-00349-00074283-00074519 symptoms and again just telling the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00350-00074520-00074767 reader exactly how i created and the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00351-00074768-00075047 measures and you know how that then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00352-00075048-00075319 informed the laser models
+sibZfgh_EBE-00353-00075320-00075615 so thinking of the cake and the recipe
+sibZfgh_EBE-00354-00075616-00075855 do i have enough detail here for someone
+sibZfgh_EBE-00355-00075856-00076231 else to reproduce this study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00356-00076232-00076438 and kind of continuing on um with
+sibZfgh_EBE-00357-00076439-00076694 variables so you know a lot of the time
+sibZfgh_EBE-00358-00076695-00076919 when we think about our research study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00359-00076920-00077062 we just think about our predictor and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00360-00077063-00077311 our outcomes or our independent variable
+sibZfgh_EBE-00361-00077312-00077511 and our dependent variable and our
+sibZfgh_EBE-00362-00077512-00077687 covariates so normally these are things
+sibZfgh_EBE-00363-00077688-00077943 like age race
+sibZfgh_EBE-00364-00077944-00078175 kind of socioeconomic status variables
+sibZfgh_EBE-00365-00078176-00078343 they just kind of get lumped into our
+sibZfgh_EBE-00366-00078344-00078550 model kind of and sometimes forgotten
+sibZfgh_EBE-00367-00078551-00078831 about and there's kind of growing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00368-00078832-00078943 that there's kind of a growing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00369-00078944-00079111 discussion on
+sibZfgh_EBE-00370-00079112-00079262 the need to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00371-00079263-00079447 pay more attention to your covariates
+sibZfgh_EBE-00372-00079448-00079719 because in your linear regression your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00373-00079720-00080047 covariate has as much weight as your as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00374-00080048-00080199 your independent variable so we really
+sibZfgh_EBE-00375-00080200-00080406 need to think about you know why are we
+sibZfgh_EBE-00376-00080407-00080726 including these covariates in our models
+sibZfgh_EBE-00377-00080727-00080975 so for example in the case of my study
+sibZfgh_EBE-00378-00080976-00081262 my covariates were age ethnicity body
+sibZfgh_EBE-00379-00081263-00081543 mass index and study site and i've just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00380-00081544-00081767 included one example of a rationale for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00381-00081768-00082006 including bmi is a covariate but i would
+sibZfgh_EBE-00382-00082007-00082182 do this for each of my covariates in
+sibZfgh_EBE-00383-00082183-00082447 turn and i would also describe you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00384-00082448-00082671 what measure i used in the same level of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00385-00082672-00082911 detail that are used for the independent
+sibZfgh_EBE-00386-00082912-00083191 and dependent variables
+sibZfgh_EBE-00387-00083192-00083375 and then you know there might be missing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00388-00083376-00083518 data in
+sibZfgh_EBE-00389-00083519-00083750 your data set so how are you going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00390-00083751-00083926 account for that so in my case i'm going
+sibZfgh_EBE-00391-00083927-00084111 to use complete case analysis to deal
+sibZfgh_EBE-00392-00084112-00084318 with missing data because my sample is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00393-00084319-00084582 so large and i can afford to exclude
+sibZfgh_EBE-00394-00084583-00084726 some people but this might not be the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00395-00084727-00084943 case for you so again just think about
+sibZfgh_EBE-00396-00084944-00085143 okay well what will i do if i don't have
+sibZfgh_EBE-00397-00085144-00085343 all the measures for one participant and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00398-00085344-00085487 these are conversations that you can
+sibZfgh_EBE-00399-00085488-00085623 kind of have with your with your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00400-00085624-00085799 supervisor you can also do some
+sibZfgh_EBE-00401-00085800-00085975 independent research but just the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00402-00085976-00086126 important thing is is that you think
+sibZfgh_EBE-00403-00086127-00086326 about these
+sibZfgh_EBE-00404-00086327-00086526 decisions in your research plan before
+sibZfgh_EBE-00405-00086527-00086831 you start your analysis
+sibZfgh_EBE-00406-00086832-00087087 and then similarly with skewed data you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00407-00087088-00087367 know what will i do if my data violates
+sibZfgh_EBE-00408-00087368-00087550 the normality distributions for linear
+sibZfgh_EBE-00409-00087551-00087703 regression so in my case i'm going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00410-00087704-00087950 use a log 10 transformation but this
+sibZfgh_EBE-00411-00087951-00088143 might differ depending
+sibZfgh_EBE-00412-00088144-00088391 depending on your research study so you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00413-00088392-00088591 know the idea here is that like if you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00414-00088592-00088806 encounter all of like you know if you go
+sibZfgh_EBE-00415-00088807-00089126 on to encounter any of these
+sibZfgh_EBE-00416-00089127-00089343 decisions later on in your analysis you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00417-00089344-00089503 know exactly what you need to do and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00418-00089504-00089687 there's transparency and you know it
+sibZfgh_EBE-00419-00089688-00089871 does take a lot of pressure off you know
+sibZfgh_EBE-00420-00089872-00090055 those kind of analytical decisions that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00421-00090056-00090318 you need to make later on
+sibZfgh_EBE-00422-00090319-00090511 and the same goes for outliers so you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00423-00090512-00090694 know i'm going to use the sensitivity
+sibZfgh_EBE-00424-00090695-00090887 analysis for my outliers
+sibZfgh_EBE-00425-00090888-00091118 but you know there are lots of decisions
+sibZfgh_EBE-00426-00091119-00091287 that you know you're making here in
+sibZfgh_EBE-00427-00091288-00091511 advance that will really save your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00428-00091512-00091711 future self when you get to the analysis
+sibZfgh_EBE-00429-00091712-00091911 stage and again it's just about giving
+sibZfgh_EBE-00430-00091912-00092135 yourself the time and yeah that might be
+sibZfgh_EBE-00431-00092136-00092311 front loading the work a little bit but
+sibZfgh_EBE-00432-00092312-00092631 it does really create a very clear plan
+sibZfgh_EBE-00433-00092632-00092918 for you to follow later on
+sibZfgh_EBE-00434-00092919-00093159 so yes really really think about why
+sibZfgh_EBE-00435-00093160-00093359 you're including these as covariates and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00436-00093360-00093567 they really do need as much attention as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00437-00093568-00093815 your iv and dv so you know when you are
+sibZfgh_EBE-00438-00093816-00093974 thinking about designing your research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00439-00093975-00094159 study do think about your covariates as
+sibZfgh_EBE-00440-00094160-00094455 well
+sibZfgh_EBE-00441-00094456-00094711 okay so moving towards the end of our
+sibZfgh_EBE-00442-00094712-00094991 research checklist now
+sibZfgh_EBE-00443-00094992-00095271 so and arguably these are kind of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00444-00095272-00095487 the two points that i suppose can be the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00445-00095488-00095679 most daunting in your research project
+sibZfgh_EBE-00446-00095680-00095879 so you know what statistical tests will
+sibZfgh_EBE-00447-00095880-00096111 i use to test my hypotheses and then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00448-00096112-00096374 also what criteria will i use to make
+sibZfgh_EBE-00449-00096375-00096582 inferences about what my data is telling
+sibZfgh_EBE-00450-00096583-00096655 me
+sibZfgh_EBE-00451-00096656-00096911 and before we go into the example i just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00452-00096912-00097159 kind of wanted to spend a minute or so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00453-00097160-00097359 discussing the different kinds of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00454-00097360-00097662 criteria that we can use as researchers
+sibZfgh_EBE-00455-00097663-00097950 to make inferences so um for example p
+sibZfgh_EBE-00456-00097951-00098206 values so you're likely familiar with
+sibZfgh_EBE-00457-00098207-00098447 with these so this is a probability that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00458-00098448-00098711 your data would have occurred by chance
+sibZfgh_EBE-00459-00098712-00098982 and the smaller the p-value the better
+sibZfgh_EBE-00460-00098983-00099271 but p-values alone don't tell us enough
+sibZfgh_EBE-00461-00099272-00099479 about the strength of the relationship
+sibZfgh_EBE-00462-00099480-00099806 between two variables of interest
+sibZfgh_EBE-00463-00099807-00100006 so it is better to supplement p values
+sibZfgh_EBE-00464-00100007-00100174 with other metrics and this provides
+sibZfgh_EBE-00465-00100175-00100391 further context for our for the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00466-00100392-00100574 interpretation of our results so for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00467-00100575-00100806 example we might want to use effect
+sibZfgh_EBE-00468-00100807-00100926 sizes
+sibZfgh_EBE-00469-00100927-00101062 so this is the strength of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00470-00101063-00101311 relationship between two variables and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00471-00101312-00101606 it's usually measured um using cohen's d
+sibZfgh_EBE-00472-00101607-00101815 but we also might use beta coefficients
+sibZfgh_EBE-00473-00101816-00101991 in the regression
+sibZfgh_EBE-00474-00101992-00102255 um and then also confidence intervals
+sibZfgh_EBE-00475-00102256-00102534 and so this helps us kind of determine
+sibZfgh_EBE-00476-00102535-00102790 how representative our sample is of the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00477-00102791-00103015 population we are studying so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00478-00103016-00103230 the confidence interval is a range of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00479-00103231-00103439 values that's likely to include a
+sibZfgh_EBE-00480-00103440-00103606 population value this is usually the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00481-00103607-00103766 population mean
+sibZfgh_EBE-00482-00103767-00103951 with a certain degree of confidence so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00483-00103952-00104166 we usually set this at 95
+sibZfgh_EBE-00484-00104167-00104439 so you can see that by providing more
+sibZfgh_EBE-00485-00104440-00104710 than one kind of inference criteria it
+sibZfgh_EBE-00486-00104711-00104990 really gives you as a researcher
+sibZfgh_EBE-00487-00104991-00105302 kind of more tools to to help kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00488-00105303-00105558 you know decide how meaningful are my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00489-00105559-00105719 results and are they representative of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00490-00105720-00105895 the population or trying to study and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00491-00105896-00106047 this would be really helpful for writing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00492-00106048-00106263 up your discussion but then also it just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00493-00106264-00106439 provides more transparency for the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00494-00106440-00106734 reader so they know how you came to kind
+sibZfgh_EBE-00495-00106735-00106895 of decide upon the conclusions that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00496-00106896-00107078 you're going to going to have in your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00497-00107079-00107319 discussion
+sibZfgh_EBE-00498-00107320-00107543 so this as i said is perhaps the most
+sibZfgh_EBE-00499-00107544-00107807 important and sometimes most complicated
+sibZfgh_EBE-00500-00107808-00108063 question within the pre-registration
+sibZfgh_EBE-00501-00108064-00108319 so in the case of my example so my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00502-00108320-00108583 relationship of interest is how pubertal
+sibZfgh_EBE-00503-00108583-00108766 timing is associated with depressive
+sibZfgh_EBE-00504-00108767-00108902 symptoms
+sibZfgh_EBE-00505-00108903-00108983 so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00506-00108983-00109175 some points to note here so we need to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00507-00109176-00109358 include the type of model so you can see
+sibZfgh_EBE-00508-00109359-00109678 here my model is a general linear model
+sibZfgh_EBE-00509-00109679-00109807 and that's what i'm going to use to test
+sibZfgh_EBE-00510-00109808-00110015 the association and i've also told the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00511-00110016-00110183 reader that i'm going to use the glm
+sibZfgh_EBE-00512-00110183-00110351 function in r
+sibZfgh_EBE-00513-00110352-00110486 and then you know what what are my model
+sibZfgh_EBE-00514-00110488-00110702 specifications i've told the reader here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00515-00110703-00110999 what my predictor is what my outcome is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00516-00111000-00111199 you know how am i going to
+sibZfgh_EBE-00517-00111200-00111399 correct for multiple comparisons because
+sibZfgh_EBE-00518-00111400-00111654 you know if we're running multiple tests
+sibZfgh_EBE-00519-00111655-00111854 over and over again the chance of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00520-00111855-00112119 committing a type 1 error increases so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00521-00112120-00112254 this is why we need to control for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00522-00112255-00112454 multiple comparison and you might be
+sibZfgh_EBE-00523-00112455-00112695 familiar with the bonferroni method
+sibZfgh_EBE-00524-00112696-00112902 and here i'm just using a different kind
+sibZfgh_EBE-00525-00112903-00113095 of family-wise error correction method
+sibZfgh_EBE-00526-00113096-00113254 but the but the principle is the same
+sibZfgh_EBE-00527-00113255-00113471 and it's just about being as transparent
+sibZfgh_EBE-00528-00113472-00113710 as possible so ideally we would include
+sibZfgh_EBE-00529-00113711-00113966 the code here for the analysis
+sibZfgh_EBE-00530-00113967-00114175 and you know this would be reported then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00531-00114176-00114319 in your manuscript and this allows the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00532-00114320-00114583 reader to see like exactly what you what
+sibZfgh_EBE-00533-00114583-00114751 you did and you know the kind of detail
+sibZfgh_EBE-00534-00114752-00114983 that we include here is so handy when
+sibZfgh_EBE-00535-00114983-00115134 you're when you go about writing your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00536-00115135-00115319 code in r because you need to include
+sibZfgh_EBE-00537-00115320-00115502 like what's your predictor variable what
+sibZfgh_EBE-00538-00115503-00115623 are your outcomes what are your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00539-00115624-00115831 covariates so you're really doing a lot
+sibZfgh_EBE-00540-00115832-00116039 of this work in advance
+sibZfgh_EBE-00541-00116040-00116231 and then again kind of the inference
+sibZfgh_EBE-00542-00116232-00116447 criteria so i'm telling the reader here
+sibZfgh_EBE-00543-00116448-00116639 that i'm going to make inferences about
+sibZfgh_EBE-00544-00116640-00116878 the associations between pubertal timing
+sibZfgh_EBE-00545-00116879-00117151 and depression based on p-values and the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00546-00117152-00117358 size of the regression coefficient and i
+sibZfgh_EBE-00547-00117359-00117527 also could have put in some confidence
+sibZfgh_EBE-00548-00117528-00117710 intervals here as well
+sibZfgh_EBE-00549-00117711-00117823 and then i'm telling the reader that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00550-00117824-00118071 i'll conclude that a regression analysis
+sibZfgh_EBE-00551-00118072-00118334 supports our hypothesis if the p-value
+sibZfgh_EBE-00552-00118335-00118590 is smaller than point zero one and the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00553-00118591-00118815 regression a coefficient is larger than
+sibZfgh_EBE-00554-00118816-00118990 our minimum minimum effect size of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00555-00118991-00119127 interest and that's something that i
+sibZfgh_EBE-00556-00119128-00119358 would generate from my power analysis so
+sibZfgh_EBE-00557-00119359-00119566 the analyses here are your confirmatory
+sibZfgh_EBE-00558-00119567-00119775 analyses but you can also include some
+sibZfgh_EBE-00559-00119776-00119999 exploratory analysis as well and it just
+sibZfgh_EBE-00560-00120000-00120239 needs to be reported as so so if you've
+sibZfgh_EBE-00561-00120240-00120399 done your confirmatory analysis and you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00562-00120400-00120590 come across a relationship that might be
+sibZfgh_EBE-00563-00120591-00120831 of interest you can go and explore that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00564-00120832-00121031 and i think it is important to highlight
+sibZfgh_EBE-00565-00121032-00121151 that
+sibZfgh_EBE-00566-00121152-00121343 pre-registration doesn't stifle
+sibZfgh_EBE-00567-00121344-00121527 creativity it just creates
+sibZfgh_EBE-00568-00121528-00121727 accountability and it means that you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00569-00121728-00121966 have your confirmatory analysis and then
+sibZfgh_EBE-00570-00121967-00122151 you have your exploratory analysis and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00571-00122152-00122343 there's a very clear distinction between
+sibZfgh_EBE-00572-00122344-00122558 the two
+sibZfgh_EBE-00573-00122559-00122831 so kind of drawing to close the main
+sibZfgh_EBE-00574-00122832-00123151 takeaway point from today's lecture is
+sibZfgh_EBE-00575-00123152-00123431 just to keep this question in your mind
+sibZfgh_EBE-00576-00123432-00123671 as you walk through your research
+sibZfgh_EBE-00577-00123672-00123910 project and your dissertation so does my
+sibZfgh_EBE-00578-00123911-00124183 recipe have enough information for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00579-00124183-00124471 someone else to make research study and
+sibZfgh_EBE-00580-00124472-00124702 i think if you keep this question at the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00581-00124703-00124934 back of your mind while you're kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00582-00124935-00125143 going through each of the steps in the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00583-00125144-00125390 reproducible research checklist
+sibZfgh_EBE-00584-00125391-00125663 you really will create a robust plan
+sibZfgh_EBE-00585-00125664-00125927 that you can follow and and you know you
+sibZfgh_EBE-00586-00125928-00126086 can kind of hopefully make the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00587-00126088-00126295 dissertation process that little bit
+sibZfgh_EBE-00588-00126296-00126502 less stressful for you and but we'll be
+sibZfgh_EBE-00589-00126503-00126678 holding a live session anyway to kind of
+sibZfgh_EBE-00590-00126679-00126878 run through any questions you might have
+sibZfgh_EBE-00591-00126879-00127023 but if you do have any questions in the
+sibZfgh_EBE-00592-00127024-00127327 meantime please feel free to to email us
+sibZfgh_EBE-00593-00127328-00127631 and reach out to myself laura or alex
+sibZfgh_EBE-00594-00127632-00127790 we'd be happy to answer any of your
+sibZfgh_EBE-00595-00127791-00127943 questions and thanks very much for
+sibZfgh_EBE-00596-00127944-00128215 listening
+slPPCUU9yK4-00000-00000590-00001295 [Music]
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+slPPCUU9yK4-00020-00014152-00014399 captain america shield it's because i am
+slPPCUU9yK4-00021-00014400-00014599 wearing his merchandise right now
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+slPPCUU9yK4-00024-00015176-00015463 to mcmtv official instagram
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+slPPCUU9yK4-00032-00016887-00017007 are you waiting for
+slPPCUU9yK4-00033-00017008-00017239 go to dspring.com right now and grab
+slPPCUU9yK4-00034-00017240-00017418 yourself a pair and represent
+slPPCUU9yK4-00035-00017419-00018086 [Music]
+slPPCUU9yK4-00036-00018087-00018286 life like this is what your life like
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+slPPCUU9yK4-00040-00019631-00019984 only ever seen
+t1vzDeSpWso-00000-00000006-00000446 cars free the junior novel episode says
+t1vzDeSpWso-00001-00000447-00000862 a little while later at the Fiat cafe
+t1vzDeSpWso-00002-00000863-00001183 Flo made her and the rest of Radiator
+t1vzDeSpWso-00003-00001184-00001387 Springs gang were gathered around the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00004-00001388-00001660 monitor adding a video call with rusty
+t1vzDeSpWso-00005-00001661-00001976 and dusty what about the car from
+t1vzDeSpWso-00006-00001977-00002309 Everett Ostrowski already chuckling at
+t1vzDeSpWso-00007-00002310-00002668 the thought remember him he was stuck in
+t1vzDeSpWso-00008-00002669-00003050 Reverse said dusty I said you need a
+t1vzDeSpWso-00009-00003051-00003379 house with a circular driveway rusty and
+t1vzDeSpWso-00010-00003380-00003644 dusty busted up laughing and Flo left
+t1vzDeSpWso-00011-00003645-00003697 too
+t1vzDeSpWso-00012-00003697-00003977 you boys need to get your rusty tails
+t1vzDeSpWso-00013-00003978-00004283 down here she said I created a drink in
+t1vzDeSpWso-00014-00004284-00004435 your honor
+t1vzDeSpWso-00015-00004436-00004793 yeah said made her the rust-eze
+t1vzDeSpWso-00016-00004794-00005084 medicated bumper balm it goes down
+t1vzDeSpWso-00017-00005085-00005300 faster than an elevator full of
+t1vzDeSpWso-00018-00005301-00005633 Winnebagos rusty and dusty left as
+t1vzDeSpWso-00019-00005634-00005936 lightning a bright if Sally everyone in
+t1vzDeSpWso-00020-00005937-00006229 the cafe lit up and gave liking a hearty
+t1vzDeSpWso-00021-00006230-00006491 welcome they were happy to see him out
+t1vzDeSpWso-00022-00006492-00006859 and about lightning looked around and it
+t1vzDeSpWso-00023-00006861-00007283 suddenly got very quiet whoa he said
+t1vzDeSpWso-00024-00007284-00007706 you're all here so everybody said mater
+t1vzDeSpWso-00025-00007706-00007916 did you want to call this call to be
+t1vzDeSpWso-00026-00007917-00008296 private no mater this is perfect
+t1vzDeSpWso-00027-00008297-00008764 lightning took a deep breath listen
+t1vzDeSpWso-00028-00008765-00009121 thanks everyone for sticking by me it
+t1vzDeSpWso-00029-00009122-00009346 took me a while to figure it out but I
+t1vzDeSpWso-00030-00009347-00009556 know now that it's time for me to make
+t1vzDeSpWso-00031-00009557-00010085 some changes changes are Sarge what kind
+t1vzDeSpWso-00032-00010086-00010456 of changes it's futile to resist change
+t1vzDeSpWso-00033-00010457-00010627 man said Fillmore
+t1vzDeSpWso-00034-00010628-00010987 you're right Fillmore said lightning
+t1vzDeSpWso-00035-00010988-00011437 really film yourself a little surprised
+t1vzDeSpWso-00036-00011438-00011699 which is why I have an announcement to
+t1vzDeSpWso-00037-00011700-00011731 make
+t1vzDeSpWso-00038-00011732-00012076 lightning replied everyone tensed up
+t1vzDeSpWso-00039-00012077-00012302 anxiously waiting for what lightning had
+t1vzDeSpWso-00040-00012303-00012662 to say I thought long and hard about it
+t1vzDeSpWso-00041-00012663-00013043 he began they all leaned in done a lot
+t1vzDeSpWso-00042-00013044-00013288 of soul-searching and considered all the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00043-00013290-00013382 options
+t1vzDeSpWso-00044-00013383-00013738 a true closer crowding around him free
+t1vzDeSpWso-00045-00013740-00014186 to miss a word and I finally decided you
+t1vzDeSpWso-00046-00014187-00014432 do want to keep racing learn at Luigi
+t1vzDeSpWso-00047-00014433-00014825 unable to contain his worry he was
+t1vzDeSpWso-00048-00014826-00015016 clearly asking what everyone was
+t1vzDeSpWso-00049-00015018-00015359 thinking are you kidding said lightning
+t1vzDeSpWso-00050-00015360-00015691 of course I want to keep racing the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00051-00015693-00015935 crowd exhaled with relief and then
+t1vzDeSpWso-00052-00015936-00016208 exploded into a chorus of hoots and
+t1vzDeSpWso-00053-00016209-00016595 hollers man said mater for a second
+t1vzDeSpWso-00054-00016596-00016934 I wait a minute I knew that the whole
+t1vzDeSpWso-00055-00016935-00017333 time guys said lightning I'm talking
+t1vzDeSpWso-00056-00017334-00017602 about making this my best season yet
+t1vzDeSpWso-00057-00017603-00017975 everyone cheered and jumped for joy you
+t1vzDeSpWso-00058-00017976-00018382 were hoping you'd said that said dusty
+t1vzDeSpWso-00059-00018383-00018662 lightning waited until the crowd settled
+t1vzDeSpWso-00060-00018663-00018934 down and then spoke in a serious tone
+t1vzDeSpWso-00061-00018935-00019256 the thing is guys if I'm gonna beat
+t1vzDeSpWso-00062-00019257-00019643 storm I need to train like him we're way
+t1vzDeSpWso-00063-00019644-00019748 ahead of you buddy
+t1vzDeSpWso-00064-00019749-00020125 said dusty lightning he wants you on the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00065-00020126-00020344 road first thing in the morning said
+t1vzDeSpWso-00066-00020345-00020693 rusty so you can come out and see the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00067-00020694-00021017 brand new at a dusty the to finish
+t1vzDeSpWso-00068-00021018-00021425 together excitedly rust is racing Center
+t1vzDeSpWso-00069-00021426-00021863 it's wicked awesome said dusty wait what
+t1vzDeSpWso-00070-00021864-00022088 said lightning with a big smile
+t1vzDeSpWso-00071-00022089-00022505 rust is racing Center it's got all the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00072-00022506-00022724 fancy bells and whistles that the kids
+t1vzDeSpWso-00073-00022725-00023042 are trading on these days said dusty or
+t1vzDeSpWso-00074-00023043-00023297 send MacAvoy the directions now get
+t1vzDeSpWso-00075-00023298-00023800 moving alright ok said lightning stunned
+t1vzDeSpWso-00076-00023801-00024089 the screen went black as they ended the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00077-00024090-00024353 call and the gang erupted in an even
+t1vzDeSpWso-00078-00024354-00024599 louder celebration than before feeling
+t1vzDeSpWso-00079-00024600-00024902 ecstatic and hopeful as lightning and
+t1vzDeSpWso-00080-00024903-00025190 Sally drove out Luigi and Guido scurried
+t1vzDeSpWso-00081-00025191-00025238 fast
+t1vzDeSpWso-00082-00025239-00025567 Andiamo Andiamo said ghido
+t1vzDeSpWso-00083-00025568-00025972 you know come earth Luigi we have to
+t1vzDeSpWso-00084-00025973-00026121 pack the tires
+t1vzDeSpWso-00085-00026122-00026479 Ramon rolled up alongside lightning hey
+t1vzDeSpWso-00086-00026480-00026744 lightning he called
+t1vzDeSpWso-00087-00026745-00026999 you can't race in primer man come on
+t1vzDeSpWso-00088-00027000-00027217 let's go
+t1vzDeSpWso-00089-00027218-00027520 lightning took off with Ramon he looked
+t1vzDeSpWso-00090-00027522-00027752 back at Sally and smelled she proudly
+t1vzDeSpWso-00091-00027752-00028094 watched him go moments later lighting
+t1vzDeSpWso-00092-00028095-00028300 was up on the lift in Ramon's garage
+t1vzDeSpWso-00093-00028301-00028589 Ramon got to work giving lightning a
+t1vzDeSpWso-00094-00028589-00028849 fresh paint job once he was finished
+t1vzDeSpWso-00095-00028850-00029063 lightening checked himself out in a
+t1vzDeSpWso-00096-00029064-00029114 mirror
+t1vzDeSpWso-00097-00029114-00029480 and my ring is new Luke Ramon you have
+t1vzDeSpWso-00098-00029481-00029813 done it again he said it's like the
+t1vzDeSpWso-00099-00029814-00030177 Sistine Chapel on wheels said Ramon
+t1vzDeSpWso-00100-00030179-00030407 lightning stared at his reflection with
+t1vzDeSpWso-00101-00030408-00030692 a determined look in his eyes I'm coming
+t1vzDeSpWso-00102-00030693-00030749 for you
+t1vzDeSpWso-00103-00030750-00031775 storm he said
+t1vzDeSpWso-00104-00031776-00031982 you
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00000-00000379-00000865 pick see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00001-00000866-00001201 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00002-00001202-00001489 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00003-00001490-00001860 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00004-00001861-00002247 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00005-00002248-00002733 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00006-00002734-00003281 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00007-00003282-00003626 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00008-00003627-00003911 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00009-00003911-00004070 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00010-00004071-00004406 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00011-00004407-00005161 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00012-00005162-00005704 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00013-00005705-00006052 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00014-00006053-00006338 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00015-00006339-00006518 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00016-00006519-00006886 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00017-00006887-00007589 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00018-00007590-00008131 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00019-00008131-00008479 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00020-00008480-00008764 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00021-00008765-00008942 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00022-00008943-00009259 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00023-00009260-00010012 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00024-00010013-00010558 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00025-00010559-00010906 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00026-00010907-00011191 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00027-00011192-00011564 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00028-00011565-00011952 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00029-00011953-00012439 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00030-00012440-00012985 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00031-00012986-00013333 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00032-00013334-00013618 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00033-00013619-00013991 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00034-00013993-00014379 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00035-00014380-00014865 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00036-00014866-00015413 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00037-00015413-00015758 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00038-00015759-00016043 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00039-00016044-00016225 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00040-00016226-00016539 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00041-00016540-00017293 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00042-00017294-00017837 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00043-00017838-00018185 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00044-00018186-00018470 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00045-00018471-00018652 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00046-00018653-00019117 ethical notation linguistics philosophy
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00047-00019118-00019719 of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00048-00019720-00020266 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00049-00020267-00020611 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00050-00020612-00020896 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00051-00020897-00021074 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00052-00021075-00021442 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00053-00021443-00022147 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00054-00022148-00022690 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00055-00022691-00023038 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00056-00023039-00023323 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00057-00023324-00023697 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00058-00023698-00024084 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00059-00024085-00024572 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00060-00024573-00025117 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00061-00025118-00025464 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00062-00025465-00025749 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00063-00025750-00025930 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00064-00025931-00026295 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00065-00026295-00026998 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00066-00026999-00027542 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00067-00027543-00027890 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00068-00027891-00028175 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00069-00028176-00028549 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00070-00028550-00028936 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00071-00028937-00029423 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00072-00029424-00029970 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00073-00029970-00030318 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00074-00030319-00030602 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00075-00030603-00030782 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00076-00030783-00031099 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00077-00031100-00031851 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00078-00031852-00032395 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00079-00032397-00032744 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00080-00032745-00033029 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00081-00033030-00033209 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00082-00033210-00033523 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00083-00033524-00033662 philosophy
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00084-00033663-00034277 fee of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00085-00034278-00034823 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00086-00034824-00035171 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00087-00035172-00035455 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00088-00035456-00035827 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00089-00035828-00036217 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00090-00036218-00036702 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00091-00036703-00037250 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00092-00037251-00037598 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00093-00037599-00037880 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00094-00037881-00038062 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00095-00038063-00038377 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00096-00038378-00039130 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00097-00039131-00039676 topic C also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00098-00039677-00040024 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00099-00040025-00040308 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00100-00040309-00040467 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00101-00040468-00040802 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00102-00040803-00041556 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00103-00041557-00042102 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00104-00042103-00042448 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00105-00042449-00042732 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00106-00042733-00042914 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00107-00042915-00043231 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00108-00043232-00043985 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00109-00043986-00044526 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00110-00044527-00044874 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00111-00044875-00045159 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00112-00045160-00045339 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00113-00045340-00045657 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00114-00045658-00045797 philosophy
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00115-00045798-00046408 fee of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00116-00046409-00046954 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00117-00046955-00047302 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00118-00047303-00047586 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00119-00047587-00047766 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00120-00047767-00048083 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00121-00048084-00048836 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00122-00048837-00049381 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00123-00049382-00049729 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00124-00049730-00050014 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00125-00050015-00050193 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00126-00050194-00050510 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00127-00050511-00051262 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00128-00051263-00051807 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00129-00051808-00052154 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00130-00052155-00052440 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00131-00052441-00052621 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00132-00052622-00052935 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00133-00052936-00053687 philosophy of language rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00134-00053688-00054234 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00135-00054235-00054582 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00136-00054583-00054870 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00137-00054871-00055238 notation mathematical notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00138-00055239-00055628 linguistics philosophy of language
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00139-00055629-00056115 rewriting
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00140-00056116-00056661 topic see also
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00141-00056662-00057009 for malarial mathematic Oh formal
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00142-00057010-00057294 language history of mathematical
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00143-00057295-00057472 notation
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00144-00057473-00057788 mathematical notation linguistics
+t1cD2YZFYEI-00145-00057789-00058354 philosophy of language rewriting
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00000-00000047-00001191 [Applause]
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00001-00001192-00001447 hi guys i gotta share with you
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00002-00001448-00001671 this is a sharing story
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00003-00001672-00001839 you know my husband and i would go out
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00004-00001839-00002142 on date night on the weekends and
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00005-00002143-00002279 well
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00006-00002280-00002558 we had a little fun first we stopped at
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00007-00002559-00002791 a store i'd never been to before to get
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00008-00002792-00002975 some lottery tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00009-00002976-00003247 they didn't have any gold rush limited
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00010-00003247-00003327 so
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00011-00003328-00003511 i bought
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00012-00003511-00003743 two luck tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00013-00003744-00004086 and the new 100 times the cash
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00014-00004087-00004199 well
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00015-00004200-00004454 this one
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00016-00004455-00004727 is a losing ticket
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00017-00004728-00005022 ticket number 35
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00018-00005023-00005238 this one
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00019-00005239-00005502 was a losing ticket
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00020-00005503-00005683 ticket number
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00021-00005684-00006070 22. but ticket number 21 that came right
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00022-00006071-00006431 before that one was a 20 winner
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00023-00006431-00006767 so when we headed home i said hey let's
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00024-00006768-00006975 stop in the little store you know down
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00025-00006976-00007455 the road where we live so we did
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00026-00007456-00007814 i traded in that first winning ticket
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00027-00007815-00008014 for this ticket
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00028-00008015-00008191 23
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00029-00008192-00008359 and it won
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00030-00008360-00008463 20
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00031-00008464-00008719 on number 38
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00032-00008720-00009087 and i said okay well i want to buy five
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00033-00009088-00009246 more tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00034-00009247-00009431 and she goes i don't know if i have five
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00035-00009432-00009695 left and she pulled them out and counted
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00036-00009696-00010063 them and she actually had six tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00037-00010064-00010374 left and she said that's her last roll
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00038-00010375-00010623 they have to wait for their delivery
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00039-00010624-00010774 i said she goes do you want to take them
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00040-00010775-00011031 off i said yes i'll take them all
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00041-00011032-00011191 so
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00042-00011192-00011438 after winning on the first ticket
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00043-00011439-00011670 i really thought the next ticket was a
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00044-00011671-00011799 loser
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00045-00011800-00012135 but guess what
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00046-00012136-00012351 it was a winner
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00047-00012352-00012599 we got the bonus
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00048-00012600-00012838 tournament number 27.
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00049-00012839-00013094 see it right there sorry about my nails
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00050-00013095-00013303 i haven't done them recently i need to
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00051-00013304-00013430 get them done
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00052-00013431-00013599 and look
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00053-00013600-00013847 we got a number 40
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00054-00013847-00014247 match for 10 more so it gave me 30
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00055-00014247-00014558 dollars so that was back to back
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00056-00014559-00014647 okay
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00057-00014647-00014775 i thought
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00058-00014776-00015007 next one got to be a loser right so i'm
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00059-00015008-00015279 scratching real fast and i go
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00060-00015280-00015655 i have to stop i have to stop i can't
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00061-00015656-00015886 because when i first saw it i thought
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00062-00015887-00016047 okay
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00063-00016047-00016383 it's just gonna be 20 payback you know
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00064-00016384-00016503 for a
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00065-00016504-00016807 triple back to back to back you know but
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00066-00016808-00017167 look look look look i have to show you
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00067-00017168-00017335 i see it
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00068-00017336-00017703 i got the tin x
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00069-00017704-00017855 as you can see at the bottom there the
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00070-00017856-00018055 rest of the tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00071-00018056-00018303 so it's like
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00072-00018304-00018486 okay
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00073-00018487-00018822 what could it be
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00074-00018823-00019049 let's pull it out so you can see
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00075-00019050-00019067 [Laughter]
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00076-00019068-00019383 [Music]
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00077-00019384-00019671 fifty dollars
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00078-00019672-00019927 so it was a 500
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00079-00019928-00020271 bammer
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00080-00020272-00020703 digging number 25
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00081-00020704-00021007 wow that surprised me okay
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00082-00021008-00021247 so three tickets back to back can't be
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00083-00021248-00021414 another one right
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00084-00021415-00021639 wrong
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00085-00021640-00021894 ticket number 26.
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00086-00021895-00022071 look at that
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00087-00022072-00022647 30 more dollars we match number 31.
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00088-00022648-00022886 so i was like all right
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00089-00022887-00023119 four back to back can't be another one
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00090-00023120-00023407 right wrong
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00091-00023408-00023583 look at that one
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00092-00023584-00023919 take a number 27
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00093-00023920-00024247 i got a 5 times 2 which is 10
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00094-00024248-00024583 plus we matched a number 9 for 10 25
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00095-00024584-00024847 matched for a 10 and 15 match for
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00096-00024848-00025014 another 10.
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00097-00025015-00025358 that's 40 more i was like oh my gosh
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00098-00025359-00025694 that's five in a row
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00099-00025695-00025878 and then of course we had the last two
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00100-00025879-00026062 on the roll i said up they're not going
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00101-00026063-00026374 to match they're not going to be winners
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00102-00026375-00026583 and they weren't and i said well i
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00103-00026583-00027046 really can't be mad because we got five
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00104-00027047-00027223 back to back
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00105-00027224-00027470 for a total of
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00106-00027472-00027711 six hundred and twenty dollars is that
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00107-00027712-00027879 correct
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00108-00027880-00028039 i don't know
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00109-00028039-00028455 just add it up but that is fabulous
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00110-00028456-00028790 especially with the bammer
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00111-00028791-00029135 anyway i'm sorry it wasn't filmed but
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00112-00029136-00029390 date night i usually don't film so we
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00113-00029391-00029574 just go out and have fun
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00114-00029575-00030031 thank you so much for watching bye bye
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00115-00030032-00030279 and here are the backs of the tickets so
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00116-00030280-00030446 you can see
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00117-00030447-00030758 they are all from the same book
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00118-00030760-00030992 and they are in numerical order
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00119-00030993-00031151 [Music]
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00120-00031152-00031511 they're all the same
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00121-00031512-00033431 five back-to-back winning tickets
+t7rbV3pBCqo-00122-00033432-00033640 you
+tqD3zOikcqy-00000-00000097-00000424 song number five is called she suffers I
+tqD3zOikcqy-00001-00000425-00000788 wrote this year's a girl for a girl my
+tqD3zOikcqy-00002-00000789-00001223 most loved she was the type of person
+tqD3zOikcqy-00003-00001224-00001702 that seemed destined to suffer but a lot
+tqD3zOikcqy-00004-00001703-00001935 of the drama she brought upon herself
+tqD3zOikcqy-00005-00001936-00002198 sometimes it felt like she was seeking
+tqD3zOikcqy-00006-00002199-00002504 it this made her a very difficult person
+tqD3zOikcqy-00007-00002505-00002893 to be with anyway this is my song for
+tqD3zOikcqy-00008-00002894-00003654 her
+tqD3zOikcqy-00009-00003654-00005040 I know Waker hey whoa hey pelham falling
+tqD3zOikcqy-00010-00005041-00006175 from gray and the moonlight side as she
+tqD3zOikcqy-00011-00006176-00006562 suffers ray
+tqD3zOikcqy-00012-00006563-00007749 oh I hit some gentlemen make her we she
+tqD3zOikcqy-00013-00007750-00008316 names all their flowers free
+tqD3zOikcqy-00014-00008317-00008844 Oh
+tqD3zOikcqy-00015-00008845-00010004 I'll try to find her ever since I
+tqD3zOikcqy-00016-00010005-00010736 because she suffer because she suffer
+tqD3zOikcqy-00017-00010737-00011706 because she suffers fate oh because she
+tqD3zOikcqy-00018-00011707-00012543 suffered because she suffer because she
+tqD3zOikcqy-00019-00012544-00013407 suffers food now the shades of grey and
+tqD3zOikcqy-00020-00013408-00013919 old it's all good right and wrong hell
+tqD3zOikcqy-00021-00013920-00014679 we draw the foul line sweep the way and
+tqD3zOikcqy-00022-00014680-00015410 we keep on spinning
+tqD3zOikcqy-00023-00015411-00015996 cuz there is no cure in the medicine
+tqD3zOikcqy-00024-00015997-00016818 captain because she suffer because she
+tqD3zOikcqy-00025-00016819-00017834 suffer we can she suffers me alone
+tqD3zOikcqy-00026-00017835-00018596 because she suffer because she suffer
+tqD3zOikcqy-00027-00018597-00019833 because she suffers fee
+tqD3zOikcqy-00028-00019834-00020148 thank you
+twrkyUo5aGU-00000-00000006-00000286 all right I'm at a red light on our
+twrkyUo5aGU-00001-00000287-00000473 little journey to our newest listing in
+twrkyUo5aGU-00002-00000474-00000647 Margate and this one was picked up by
+twrkyUo5aGU-00003-00000648-00000839 homes by Koozie member Walton Pierre
+twrkyUo5aGU-00004-00000840-00001061 come on come on in I'm super excited to
+twrkyUo5aGU-00005-00001062-00001169 show you this house but I'm really
+twrkyUo5aGU-00006-00001170-00001289 really excited about this video because
+twrkyUo5aGU-00007-00001290-00001474 I haven't done a video with Walton I
+twrkyUo5aGU-00008-00001475-00001618 think ever and he already told me that
+twrkyUo5aGU-00009-00001619-00001745 he is not going to dance like Jennifer
+twrkyUo5aGU-00010-00001746-00002047 does in her videos
+twrkyUo5aGU-00011-00002048-00002326 but he is gonna do what he calls the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00012-00002327-00002434 happy hop
+twrkyUo5aGU-00013-00002435-00002639 every time he sees something cool Walton
+twrkyUo5aGU-00014-00002640-00002860 is a super stand-up guy I'm really
+twrkyUo5aGU-00015-00002861-00003034 excited to introduce you to him if you
+twrkyUo5aGU-00016-00003035-00003191 haven't met him before and he's gonna
+twrkyUo5aGU-00017-00003192-00003383 take us on a tour so let's go let's go
+twrkyUo5aGU-00018-00003384-00003502 check out this house
+twrkyUo5aGU-00019-00003503-00003713 [Music]
+twrkyUo5aGU-00020-00003714-00003917 all right this is Walton's car so he is
+twrkyUo5aGU-00021-00003918-00004072 here now what I noticed right after that
+twrkyUo5aGU-00022-00004073-00004301 there's two front doors but he said go
+twrkyUo5aGU-00023-00004302-00004653 to the one in the carport let's go
+twrkyUo5aGU-00024-00004654-00004829 [Music]
+twrkyUo5aGU-00025-00004830-00005135 hey
+twrkyUo5aGU-00026-00005136-00005297 come on
+twrkyUo5aGU-00027-00005298-00005536 so on the way here I was saying that
+twrkyUo5aGU-00028-00005537-00005717 this is the first time we did a video
+twrkyUo5aGU-00029-00005718-00005879 together right yeah first time how's
+twrkyUo5aGU-00030-00005880-00006083 that even possible dude I don't know I
+twrkyUo5aGU-00031-00006084-00006251 don't know mayor Walton told me that
+twrkyUo5aGU-00032-00006252-00006395 there's many options you could do with
+twrkyUo5aGU-00033-00006396-00006550 this house you can move in as it is or
+twrkyUo5aGU-00034-00006551-00006701 you can move in and remodel it in the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00035-00006702-00006856 way that you like it or you can rent it
+twrkyUo5aGU-00036-00006858-00006983 right away because this community
+twrkyUo5aGU-00037-00006984-00007210 doesn't have an HOA I do have a question
+twrkyUo5aGU-00038-00007211-00007517 for you okay there's two doors and we
+twrkyUo5aGU-00039-00007518-00007775 came in the carport door is there a
+twrkyUo5aGU-00040-00007776-00007991 reason why that's just the way it is but
+twrkyUo5aGU-00041-00007992-00008123 if you wanted to you could definitely
+twrkyUo5aGU-00042-00008123-00008363 use that front door so what we came in
+twrkyUo5aGU-00043-00008364-00008537 is actually I would say this is the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00044-00008538-00008705 dining area you have the living room
+twrkyUo5aGU-00045-00008706-00008891 right in front of the kitchen so this
+twrkyUo5aGU-00046-00008892-00009113 could be used as the dining area if you
+twrkyUo5aGU-00047-00009114-00009485 so choose the other door is here on the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00048-00009486-00009731 inside of it and that leads to the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00049-00009732-00009923 living room here it looks like they
+twrkyUo5aGU-00050-00009924-00010135 added new fixtures
+twrkyUo5aGU-00051-00010136-00010523 it is just over 1600 square foot do have
+twrkyUo5aGU-00052-00010524-00010714 a nice pool in the backyard for those
+twrkyUo5aGU-00053-00010715-00010919 hot summers so we're in the living room
+twrkyUo5aGU-00054-00010920-00011092 now behind the living room is the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00055-00011093-00011327 kitchen so it looks super clean so I
+twrkyUo5aGU-00056-00011328-00011488 guess our cleaning crew came in yep they
+twrkyUo5aGU-00057-00011489-00011645 did a great job and then you said this
+twrkyUo5aGU-00058-00011646-00011873 was a three bedroom two bath and it is
+twrkyUo5aGU-00059-00011874-00012035 split so you have your two bedroom on
+twrkyUo5aGU-00060-00012036-00012214 the other side of the house with your
+twrkyUo5aGU-00061-00012215-00012431 other bedroom here with its own bathroom
+twrkyUo5aGU-00062-00012432-00012635 so this will be the primary back here
+twrkyUo5aGU-00063-00012636-00012929 correct come on in this is the walk you
+twrkyUo5aGU-00064-00012930-00013121 have a walk-in shower with all your
+twrkyUo5aGU-00065-00013122-00013288 amenities you know what's cool about
+twrkyUo5aGU-00066-00013290-00013522 this Walton is that there's a door here
+twrkyUo5aGU-00067-00013523-00013799 it is so if you shut the door you have
+twrkyUo5aGU-00068-00013800-00014021 your own little private Suite I guess
+twrkyUo5aGU-00069-00014022-00014194 you could say right back here all right
+twrkyUo5aGU-00070-00014195-00014477 come on in so this bedroom overlooks the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00071-00014478-00014753 pool area that's right outside so you
+twrkyUo5aGU-00072-00014754-00014927 could jump right from your bed to the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00073-00014928-00015161 pool if you'd like you do have a walk-in
+twrkyUo5aGU-00074-00015162-00015380 closet
+twrkyUo5aGU-00075-00015381-00015535 [Music]
+twrkyUo5aGU-00076-00015536-00015875 okay awesome take this to uh the f200s
+twrkyUo5aGU-00077-00015876-00016043 all righty so we're gonna go across to
+twrkyUo5aGU-00078-00016044-00016222 the other side of the house to the two
+twrkyUo5aGU-00079-00016223-00016608 of the bedrooms in the bathroom
+twrkyUo5aGU-00080-00016609-00017093 you also have a new AC also a new roof
+twrkyUo5aGU-00081-00017094-00017393 so here you have your first bedroom very
+twrkyUo5aGU-00082-00017394-00017627 spacious you could fit a good sized bed
+twrkyUo5aGU-00083-00017628-00017975 in here next size bedroom okay yeah and
+twrkyUo5aGU-00084-00017976-00018167 the next right of course you have the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00085-00018168-00018430 next bedroom which also could Overlook
+twrkyUo5aGU-00086-00018431-00018700 the pool area if you chose to open this
+twrkyUo5aGU-00087-00018701-00018893 up very spacious and you do have your
+twrkyUo5aGU-00088-00018894-00019121 nice closet a lot of room for clothes so
+twrkyUo5aGU-00089-00019122-00019385 you said open this up there's a back
+twrkyUo5aGU-00090-00019386-00019577 Workshop room it looks like that they
+twrkyUo5aGU-00091-00019578-00019769 added correct it looks like it's just
+twrkyUo5aGU-00092-00019770-00019900 plywood so it could probably just come
+twrkyUo5aGU-00093-00019901-00020111 down if you want it or you can you're
+twrkyUo5aGU-00094-00020112-00020314 wearing a seat fit all of these rooms
+twrkyUo5aGU-00095-00020315-00020530 here they share this
+twrkyUo5aGU-00096-00020531-00020819 bathroom which was recently done by the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00097-00020820-00021029 current owner okay so they do have some
+twrkyUo5aGU-00098-00021030-00021172 upgrades and you have a lot of natural
+twrkyUo5aGU-00099-00021173-00021377 light because that leads out to the
+twrkyUo5aGU-00100-00021378-00021563 patio that's just the way it is and we
+twrkyUo5aGU-00101-00021564-00021725 haven't seen the backyard our patio yet
+twrkyUo5aGU-00102-00021726-00022114 so let's go check it out
+twrkyUo5aGU-00103-00022115-00022489 alrighty welcome to your own Oasis
+twrkyUo5aGU-00104-00022490-00022769 all right so we do have a in-ground pool
+twrkyUo5aGU-00105-00022770-00022949 and there is a pool pump for the pool
+twrkyUo5aGU-00106-00022950-00023111 and even with the pool here you still
+twrkyUo5aGU-00107-00023112-00023333 have a bunch of yard space with also
+twrkyUo5aGU-00108-00023334-00023477 other yard space on the other side of
+twrkyUo5aGU-00109-00023478-00023686 the house which is
+twrkyUo5aGU-00110-00023687-00023833 yeah
+twrkyUo5aGU-00111-00023834-00024211 Primo Primo he was lost for words yeah
+twrkyUo5aGU-00112-00024212-00024425 that's just the way it is this yard
+twrkyUo5aGU-00113-00024426-00024580 looks like it's coldly fenced in right
+twrkyUo5aGU-00114-00024581-00024797 it is it is fully fenced yes and this is
+twrkyUo5aGU-00115-00024798-00024964 because there's no HOA you can bring
+twrkyUo5aGU-00116-00024965-00025127 your pets you could you definitely could
+twrkyUo5aGU-00117-00025128-00025342 see that's what's cool about these Lots
+twrkyUo5aGU-00118-00025343-00025517 they have a big lot size you'll get so
+twrkyUo5aGU-00119-00025518-00025714 he looks like he had two side yards a
+twrkyUo5aGU-00120-00025716-00025949 backyard you even have a pool a
+twrkyUo5aGU-00121-00025950-00026302 hardcovered patio and a shed and room to
+twrkyUo5aGU-00122-00026304-00026608 spare correct awesome man yeah so if
+twrkyUo5aGU-00123-00026610-00026752 someone wants to see this house what do
+twrkyUo5aGU-00124-00026754-00026993 they do give me a call and I'm friendly
+twrkyUo5aGU-00125-00026994-00027311 because you're friendly yeah his
+twrkyUo5aGU-00126-00027312-00027557 information is on the screen now I'm not
+twrkyUo5aGU-00127-00027558-00027701 gonna call you up I'm gonna call you out
+twrkyUo5aGU-00128-00027702-00027985 huh Jen's been doing dance parties dude
+twrkyUo5aGU-00129-00027986-00028277 you gonna do it
+twrkyUo5aGU-00130-00028277-00028481 hahaha
+twrkyUo5aGU-00131-00028482-00028774 what was that I don't know all right
+twrkyUo5aGU-00132-00028775-00028864 guys
+twrkyUo5aGU-00133-00028866-00029051 keep for taking the tour with us today
+twrkyUo5aGU-00134-00029052-00029261 um Frisco's mom here you met Walter here
+twrkyUo5aGU-00135-00029262-00029501 SDC he's a great guy give him a call if
+twrkyUo5aGU-00136-00029502-00029608 you like to see this house and always
+twrkyUo5aGU-00137-00029610-00029770 please consider subscribing if you're
+twrkyUo5aGU-00138-00029772-00029885 watching this to YouTube if you're
+twrkyUo5aGU-00139-00029886-00030035 watching this Facebook follow on like
+twrkyUo5aGU-00140-00030036-00030190 the page that's kind of cool too all
+twrkyUo5aGU-00141-00030191-00030287 right we'll see you on the next one
+twrkyUo5aGU-00142-00030288-00030585 adios that's just the way it is
+twrkyUo5aGU-00143-00030586-00030929 [Music]
+twrkyUo5aGU-00144-00030930-00031029 foreign
+twrkyUo5aGU-00145-00031030-00031970 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00000-00000042-00000894 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00001-00000896-00002118 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00002-00002119-00002697 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00003-00002698-00003950 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00004-00003951-00004133 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00005-00004134-00004767 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00006-00004768-00007060 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00007-00007061-00007423 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00008-00007423-00008070 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00009-00008070-00010549 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00010-00010550-00011164 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00011-00011165-00011833 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00013-00016410-00016813 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00014-00016814-00017108 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00015-00017109-00018496 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00016-00018497-00019447 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00017-00019448-00020114 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00018-00020115-00022140 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00019-00022141-00023364 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00020-00023365-00023783 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00021-00023784-00025412 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00022-00025413-00027623 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00023-00027624-00028050 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00024-00028051-00029114 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00025-00029114-00031396 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00026-00031397-00032816 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00027-00032817-00034796 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00028-00034797-00036521 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00029-00036522-00036971 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00030-00036972-00037194 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00031-00037195-00038279 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00032-00038280-00038660 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00033-00038661-00041146 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00034-00041147-00041830 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00035-00041831-00042231 what are you doing
+tySbh88uM-k-00036-00042232-00043484 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00037-00043485-00044013 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00038-00044014-00045089 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00039-00045090-00045496 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00040-00045497-00045763 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00041-00045764-00047626 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00042-00047627-00048768 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00043-00048769-00049443 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00044-00049444-00051630 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00045-00051632-00051938 good morning
+tySbh88uM-k-00046-00051939-00052325 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00048-00055445-00056491 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00049-00056492-00057088 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00050-00057089-00057639 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00051-00057640-00059603 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00052-00059604-00062128 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00053-00062129-00062866 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00054-00062866-00063378 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00055-00063379-00063915 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00056-00063916-00065165 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00057-00065166-00066285 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00058-00066286-00066911 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00059-00066912-00066954 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00061-00070254-00070481 thank you
+tySbh88uM-k-00062-00070482-00071992 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00063-00071993-00074291 [Music]
+tySbh88uM-k-00064-00074292-00074463 foreign
+tySbh88uM-k-00066-00078216-00078365 thank you
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+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00000-00000071-00000214 thousands of runners are hitting the
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00001-00000215-00000366 pavement across the district this
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00002-00000367-00000559 morning for the annual rock and roll
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00003-00000560-00000774 marathon our whitney wilde is out there
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00004-00000775-00000943 along the course with a check on how
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00005-00000944-00001103 things are shaping up good morning
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00006-00001104-00001295 whitney good morning kathy we're down
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00007-00001296-00001503 here at 14th and constitution avenue and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00008-00001504-00001655 i'm joined by some runners with a pretty
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00009-00001655-00001791 inspirational story for why they're out
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00010-00001792-00001951 here first guys tell me your names and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00011-00001952-00002118 what brings you out today i'm laura
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00012-00002119-00002447 scott i'm jeremy scott tisha berg and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00013-00002448-00002559 what brings you guys out here you guys
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00014-00002560-00002679 you've got some get up so i've got a
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00015-00002680-00002799 hint but tell me a little bit more about
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00016-00002800-00002983 why you're out well we're out here to
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00017-00002984-00003158 raise money for breast cancer
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00018-00003159-00003422 unfortunately in 2010 i was diagnosed
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00019-00003423-00003703 with stage one invasive breast cancer
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00020-00003704-00003886 and i just found out this past february
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00021-00003887-00004127 that the cancer has returned
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00022-00004128-00004327 so we are here to raise awareness about
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00023-00004328-00004527 breast cancer awareness
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00024-00004528-00004647 also we're raising money for an
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00025-00004648-00004863 organization called are you dense which
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00026-00004864-00005070 is all about educating women about dense
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00027-00005071-00005222 breast tissue
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00028-00005223-00005438 i found out when i was diagnosed in 2010
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00029-00005439-00005622 that i had dense breast tissue in fact
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00030-00005623-00005838 dense breast tissue is a higher risk
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00031-00005839-00006086 factor for breast cancer than having two
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00032-00006087-00006286 first-degree relatives with the disease
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00033-00006287-00006431 now early detection of course is
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00034-00006431-00006591 incredibly important and now my
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00035-00006592-00006710 understanding is that it was part of
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00036-00006711-00006895 your training that led you to believe
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00037-00006895-00007046 that maybe something wasn't quite right
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00038-00007047-00007246 that's exactly right i started to train
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00039-00007247-00007406 for this uh the half marathon in
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00040-00007408-00007678 december and about in early january i
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00041-00007679-00007910 started getting pain in my upper back in
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00042-00007911-00008174 areas that wouldn't be associated with
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00043-00008175-00008351 running pains
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00044-00008352-00008535 and after going to my chiropractor and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00045-00008536-00008710 seeing my my family practitioner i
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00046-00008711-00008967 eventually contacted my oncologist and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00047-00008968-00009167 come to find out i was diagnosed with a
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00048-00009168-00009374 recurrence of breast cancer had it not
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00049-00009375-00009535 been for this training
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00050-00009536-00009727 who knows when i would have been when it
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00051-00009728-00009867 would have been discovered so i am
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00052-00009868-00010127 incredibly grateful for this for this
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00053-00010128-00010327 race and so excited to be here today so
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00054-00010328-00010567 which one of these two got you involved
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00055-00010568-00010695 my sister
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00056-00010696-00010959 my sister absolutely got me involved
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00057-00010960-00011206 and like i said i mean we signed up for
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00058-00011207-00011359 the race for the purpose of raising
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00059-00011360-00011510 awareness about breast cancer we've
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00060-00011511-00011767 raised over 14 thousand dollars
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00061-00011768-00011991 for ru dens
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00062-00011992-00012238 and i am totally indebted and grateful
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00063-00012239-00012399 for my sister because had it not been
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00064-00012400-00012574 for her pushing me to do this like i
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00065-00012575-00012791 said i don't know when when i would have
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00066-00012792-00012974 discovered this cancer thankfully it has
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00067-00012975-00013158 been discovered very very early and it's
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00068-00013159-00013415 very treatable and and the prognosis is
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00069-00013416-00013622 very good so guys what was the training
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00070-00013623-00013791 like so i know you you are not running
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00071-00013791-00013991 today but you you guys are both so what
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00072-00013991-00014151 was the training like and what are you
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00073-00014152-00014294 hoping for at the end of the finish line
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00074-00014295-00014447 well i kind of got drafted into this
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00075-00014447-00014630 this wasn't obviously something i was
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00076-00014631-00014879 prepared in training for i would run
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00077-00014880-00015038 with laura a little bit but not not a
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00078-00015040-00015286 lot and so i had about a month
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00079-00015287-00015383 to
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00080-00015384-00015807 go from about 6 miles to 12 miles and so
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00081-00015808-00015975 training lately because of the weather
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00082-00015976-00016175 it's been cold it's been snowy it's been
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00083-00016176-00016271 windy
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00084-00016272-00016415 but we haven't actually trained together
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00085-00016416-00016535 we haven't actually ran together this
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00086-00016536-00016694 will be the first time we run together
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00087-00016695-00016839 you guys have nice matching outfits so
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00088-00016840-00016967 we won't miss you in the crowd what was
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00089-00016968-00017127 it is this your first marathon it looks
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00090-00017128-00017247 that you look like a runner it sounds
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00091-00017248-00017383 like you're really into running well i
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00092-00017384-00017527 run with there's a group in vienna who
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00093-00017528-00017735 calls moms run this town and so i've
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00094-00017736-00017911 been running with them
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00095-00017912-00018071 and i do it every saturday morning and
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00096-00018072-00018207 throughout the weeks and i'm also a
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00097-00018208-00018422 biker so i've been doing a lot of
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00098-00018423-00018671 cardiovascular work and cross-training
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00099-00018672-00018863 and so it's been good i'm excited i'm
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00100-00018864-00018999 really excited to cross that finish line
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00101-00019000-00019183 i have my sister's going to be running
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00102-00019184-00019407 with us the whole time so it's going to
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00103-00019408-00019583 be awesome to know that we've done all
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00104-00019584-00019750 this for laura and for breast cancer
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00105-00019751-00019863 research
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00106-00019864-00019958 you guys thank you very much
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00107-00019959-00020119 congratulations on all your hard work
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00108-00020120-00020279 and we will see you at the finish line
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00109-00020280-00020399 all right thank you
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00110-00020400-00020543 all right check back with us we'll have
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00111-00020544-00020767 more updates coming up back to you kathy
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00112-00020768-00020919 all right wendy thank you i hear the
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00113-00020920-00021119 music going a little swedish house mafia
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00114-00021120-00021278 so i guess the race is about to begin
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00115-00021279-00021439 thank you yeah we're pretty close all
+t-S_oVh5sDQ-00116-00021440-00021751 right see you out there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00000-00001960-00002118 greetings from the national archives
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00001-00002119-00002342 flagship building in washington d.c
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00002-00002343-00002599 which sits on the ancestral lands of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00003-00002600-00002823 nakacha tank peoples i'm david ferriero
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00004-00002824-00002983 archivist of the united states and it's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00005-00002984-00003158 my pleasure to welcome you to today's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00006-00003159-00003254 program
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00007-00003255-00003463 which asks the question can congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00008-00003464-00003686 reform itself again
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00009-00003688-00003895 this is our 13th year as a partner with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00010-00003896-00004095 the u.s association of former members of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00011-00004096-00004327 congress we're proud of our annual
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00012-00004328-00004535 collaboration with the association
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00013-00004536-00004702 before we begin i'd like to tell you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00014-00004703-00004975 about two upcoming programs you can view
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00015-00004976-00005167 on our youtube channel
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00016-00005168-00005431 on tuesday june 15th at noon historian
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00017-00005432-00005654 michael burlingame will be here to talk
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00018-00005655-00005927 about his new book an american marriage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00019-00005928-00006175 based on 30 years of research burlingame
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00020-00006176-00006431 describes and analyzes the marriage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00021-00006431-00006710 between abraham lincoln and mary todd
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00022-00006711-00006967 and in the evening on june 15th at 6 30
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00023-00006968-00007063 pm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00024-00007064-00007351 scott borchardt author of republic of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00025-00007352-00007542 detours will discuss the story of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00026-00007543-00007783 federal writers project during the great
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00027-00007784-00007967 depression
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00028-00007968-00008174 today's panel made up of former and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00029-00008175-00008407 current members of congress will explore
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00030-00008408-00008583 the question of how congress governs
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00031-00008584-00008823 itself as an institution
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00032-00008824-00008991 at different points in its history
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00033-00008992-00009223 congress has questioned its processes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00034-00009224-00009478 and made changes to respond to changing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00035-00009479-00009574 times
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00036-00009575-00009759 the center for legislative archives in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00037-00009760-00009942 the national archives preserves the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00038-00009943-00010199 historical records of the us house of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00039-00010200-00010446 representatives and the u.s senate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00040-00010447-00010623 within those pages of stories of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00041-00010624-00010895 legislative struggles compromises and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00042-00010896-00011023 routines
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00043-00011024-00011223 the committee records that detail the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00044-00011224-00011431 rich history of the legislative process
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00045-00011432-00011663 make our holdings unique
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00046-00011664-00011855 through them we can see the daily work
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00047-00011856-00012006 of the house and senate committees and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00048-00012007-00012167 subcommittees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00049-00012168-00012399 today's moderator is dr carla hayden
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00050-00012400-00012623 librarian of congress she will guide the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00051-00012624-00012855 conversation among our panelists they
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00052-00012856-00013094 are derek kilmer congressman from the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00053-00013095-00013335 state of washington and chairman of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00054-00013336-00013558 select committee on the modernization of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00055-00013559-00013671 congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00056-00013672-00013879 will timmons congressman from the state
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00057-00013880-00014135 of south carolina and vice chairman of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00058-00014136-00014247 the select committee on the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00059-00014247-00014463 modernization of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00060-00014463-00014647 former member of congress from the state
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00061-00014647-00014911 of michigan james blanchard and former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00062-00014912-00015055 member of congress from the state of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00063-00015056-00015294 pennsylvania bob walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00064-00015295-00015503 now let's hear from carla hayden and our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00065-00015504-00016158 panelists thank you for joining us today
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00066-00016159-00016383 the history the context
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00067-00016384-00016694 and ancestor we provide not only a new
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00068-00016695-00016871 member's orientation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00069-00016872-00017158 but also we have so many resources
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00070-00017159-00017471 available so i'd like to jump right in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00071-00017472-00018279 with the work of the committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00072-00018280-00018447 maybe i'll take first swing and then
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00073-00018448-00018719 vice chair timmons i i welcome you too
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00074-00018720-00018839 as well
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00075-00018840-00019103 um first of all thank you for engaging
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00076-00019104-00019303 on this discussion
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00077-00019304-00019614 um i'm reminded of a graduation speech
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00078-00019615-00019839 since we're around graduation season
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00079-00019840-00019943 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00080-00019944-00020150 former secretary john gardner gave at
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00081-00020151-00020391 cornell in which he pointed out the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00082-00020392-00020511 importance
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00083-00020512-00020822 of people being loving critics
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00084-00020823-00020983 out that often were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00085-00020984-00021150 caught in the crossfire between
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00086-00021151-00021407 uncritical lovers who
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00087-00021408-00022511 smother their institutions loving
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00088-00022512-00022686 should i jump in since he seems to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00089-00022687-00022830 having some
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00090-00022831-00023086 technical difficulties yes because this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00091-00023087-00023375 is the challenge of reaching out to each
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00092-00023376-00023591 other and constituents during this time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00093-00023592-00023839 too so we are absolutely an example of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00094-00023840-00024047 that i'll make a plug for rural
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00095-00024048-00024303 broadband uh yes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00096-00024304-00024455 we got to definitely put some of that in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00097-00024456-00024671 the infrastructure package so um you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00098-00024672-00024886 know first again thank you for having us
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00099-00024887-00025119 um we really appreciate your interest in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00100-00025120-00025271 the committee we have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00101-00025272-00025519 really i've enjoyed so much the last two
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00102-00025520-00025711 and a half years getting to work on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00103-00025712-00025878 helping to modernize congress helping to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00104-00025879-00026078 fix congress um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00105-00026079-00026255 mr chairman i'll i'll keep going then
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00106-00026256-00026623 you can follow you can jump back in okay
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00107-00026624-00026839 you know my campaign slogan when i ran
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00108-00026839-00027055 for congress was washington's broken and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00109-00027056-00027407 to to be uh in a position to help try to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00110-00027408-00027631 make congress less dysfunctional more
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00111-00027632-00027862 functional is just a dream come true and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00112-00027863-00028070 you know i can't tell you how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00113-00028072-00028270 promising it is that we have six
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00114-00028272-00028487 republicans and six democrats that are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00115-00028488-00028687 putting all of our disagreements aside
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00116-00028688-00028895 on policy which i'm sure there are many
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00117-00028895-00029167 and and working to help make the body
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00118-00029168-00029343 make the institution more effective and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00119-00029344-00029495 more efficient and more transparent for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00120-00029495-00029758 the american people you know as a small
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00121-00029760-00030062 business owner time is everything and um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00122-00030063-00030311 i cannot tell you how often my freshman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00123-00030312-00030607 year i was wondering how how we could be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00124-00030608-00030807 doing what we were doing as a body how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00125-00030808-00031062 the members could be running around
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00126-00031063-00031287 just it was incredibly inefficient the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00127-00031288-00031439 the way that we had the calendar to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00128-00031439-00031567 schedule the floor votes all these
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00129-00031568-00031735 different things so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00130-00031736-00032046 can congress modernize itself absolutely
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00131-00032047-00032183 absolutely
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00132-00032183-00032414 we can do better we must do better and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00133-00032416-00032607 if we can just save five or ten minutes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00134-00032608-00032902 a day for 435 members and and their you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00135-00032903-00033102 know thousands of staffers
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00136-00033103-00033223 that alone is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00137-00033224-00033367 a success so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00138-00033368-00033574 we will succeed we are going to succeed
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00139-00033575-00033774 and i really look forward to working
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00140-00033775-00033927 with the chairman and with that mr
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00141-00033928-00034087 chairman i while you were gone i made a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00142-00034088-00034271 plug for rural broadband it's gonna be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00143-00034272-00034462 in the infrastructure package i promise
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00144-00034463-00034718 he made a big plug for it too
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00145-00034719-00034879 apparently chairman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00146-00034880-00035007 apparently i should have also been
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00147-00035008-00035239 working on suburban broadband all these
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00148-00035240-00035487 years but um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00149-00035488-00035559 so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00150-00035560-00035790 let me just say i i started with this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00151-00035791-00035871 the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00152-00035872-00036055 former secretary john gardner talked
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00153-00036056-00036199 about the importance of being loving
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00154-00036200-00036351 critics
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00155-00036352-00036559 that too often we see folks in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00156-00036560-00036839 institutions either be uncritical lovers
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00157-00036840-00037007 and unwilling to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00158-00037008-00037151 look at some of the life-giving
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00159-00037152-00037343 criticism that's required to improve an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00160-00037344-00037559 institution and on the other hand
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00161-00037560-00037830 uh sometimes there are critics without
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00162-00037831-00038062 love who are better at demolishing an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00163-00038063-00038295 institution than strengthening it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00164-00038296-00038607 and the committee that that bistro
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00165-00038608-00038823 timmins and i serve on are really
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00166-00038824-00039030 focused on being loving critics on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00167-00039031-00039279 trying to enhance the institution
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00168-00039280-00039455 and to strengthen the institution and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00169-00039456-00039607 have it serve better for the american
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00170-00039608-00039846 people um we're not the first
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00171-00039847-00040143 yeah of of this kind uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00172-00040144-00040383 the work the select committee about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00173-00040384-00040559 every two or three decades or so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00174-00040560-00040783 congress realizes things aren't working
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00175-00040784-00040895 and they create a committee to do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00176-00040896-00040999 something
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00177-00041000-00041327 about it the last one was in 1992
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00178-00041328-00041567 and our hope is that we can continue to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00179-00041568-00041751 work continue to move forward and break
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00180-00041752-00042046 through that partisan gridlock
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00181-00042047-00042335 and that's and that's similar to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00182-00042336-00042535 history i'm sitting in the members room
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00183-00042536-00042679 in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00184-00042680-00043039 iconic thomas jefferson uh building and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00185-00043040-00043479 the idea of progress and moving forward
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00186-00043480-00043687 is embedded in this place and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00187-00043688-00043839 congressman walker and governor
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00188-00043840-00044030 blanchard what do you see any
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00189-00044031-00044302 similarities between today's conference
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00190-00044303-00044495 and those previous times of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00191-00044496-00044646 transformation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00192-00044647-00044871 and i have to say can you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00193-00044872-00045215 congress do it again
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00194-00045216-00045511 well i came to congress two years before
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00195-00045512-00045646 bob walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00196-00045647-00045895 with a group of i'm trying to keep track
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00197-00045896-00045990 now
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00198-00045991-00046318 of 93 new members of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00199-00046319-00046599 76 new democrats
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00200-00046600-00046871 17 republicans and most of us
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00201-00046872-00047230 had the goal of coming to washington
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00202-00047231-00047462 to open up congress the power was
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00203-00047463-00047783 concentrated in a small number of people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00204-00047784-00047999 uh and allowing every member to have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00205-00048000-00048230 some role i'd be able to speak work and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00206-00048231-00048551 have some impact on legislation we we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00207-00048552-00048902 enacted a number of forms democratic
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00208-00048903-00049102 caucus actually it worked they were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00209-00049103-00049271 really good
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00210-00049272-00049495 and they've withstood in some respects
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00211-00049496-00049655 the test of time whether it was
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00212-00049656-00049855 selection of committee chairs
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00213-00049856-00049935 or
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00214-00049936-00050127 committee chairs to having only one
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00215-00050128-00050255 subcommittee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00216-00050256-00050551 to changing the assignment of committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00217-00050552-00050735 from ways and means to steering in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00218-00050736-00051039 policy to allowing the various caucuses
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00219-00051040-00051270 to have a role in everything it worked
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00220-00051271-00051654 reasonably well one dramatic difference
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00221-00051655-00051975 between then and now
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00222-00051976-00052070 is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00223-00052071-00052238 we didn't really have to spend a lot of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00224-00052239-00052494 time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00225-00052495-00052766 there needs to be i believe i mean right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00226-00052767-00052959 now the average member of congress i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00227-00052960-00053142 think spends way too much time raising
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00228-00053144-00053335 money for various reasons their own
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00229-00053336-00053591 re-election colleagues whatever it is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00230-00053591-00053815 way too much
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00231-00053816-00054079 uh it just i spent so little time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00232-00054079-00054254 raising money and so did my colleagues
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00233-00054255-00054366 so i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00234-00054367-00054615 it's uh somewhat related to congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00235-00054616-00054894 there has to be a way to legislatively
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00236-00054895-00055199 modify the citizens united supreme court
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00237-00055200-00055335 case
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00238-00055336-00055415 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00239-00055416-00055654 and also probably deal with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00240-00055655-00055847 some of your internal rules which are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00241-00055848-00055991 forcing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00242-00055991-00056247 people to have to have a fundraiser to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00243-00056248-00056430 meet with a member of congress i'm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00244-00056432-00056654 speaking about a so-called reform of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00245-00056655-00056942 gift rules which really forces an awful
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00246-00056944-00057215 lot into a transaction if you could try
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00247-00057216-00057479 to reduce the impact of money on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00248-00057479-00057694 congressional elections remember
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00249-00057695-00057903 congress would have a lot more time to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00250-00057904-00058142 worry about policy to get to know their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00251-00058144-00058542 staff get to know their colleagues
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00252-00058544-00058694 and it the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00253-00058695-00058815 issue of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00254-00058816-00059175 the members time seems to be a thread
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00255-00059176-00059487 going through here and how much time you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00256-00059488-00059775 need to save and especially with the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00257-00059776-00060030 demands in the modern times too
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00258-00060032-00060223 so congressman walker is that something
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00259-00060224-00060311 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00260-00060312-00060606 you think would be helpful
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00261-00060607-00060815 freeing up the time of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00262-00060816-00060982 members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00263-00060983-00061247 i yeah i think that that's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00264-00061248-00061415 extremely necessary because what's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00265-00061416-00061591 happening is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00266-00061591-00061726 that this time that's spent in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00267-00061727-00061879 fundraising and other kinds of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00268-00061879-00062247 activities is not being spent
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00269-00062248-00062406 in committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00270-00062407-00062582 and i believe
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00271-00062583-00062806 i believe the further away you get from
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00272-00062807-00064038 the idea of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00273-00064039-00064279 i lost the sound here congressman walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00274-00064279-00064535 we lost the sound i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00275-00064536-00064638 sorry
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00276-00064639-00064775 sounds like you had something important
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00277-00064776-00064911 to say
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00278-00064912-00065094 well we'll come back to that because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00279-00065095-00065366 that thread of time and then
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00280-00065367-00065582 and now we're learning too technology
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00281-00065583-00065863 puts an extra layer
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00282-00065864-00066150 okay learning where the mute button is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00283-00066151-00066438 yes now we can hear you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00284-00066439-00066671 can you hear me now okay yes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00285-00066672-00066743 well
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00286-00066744-00066943 the point the point that i was making
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00287-00066944-00067094 was that um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00288-00067095-00067335 we've moved away from regular order in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00289-00067336-00067550 the congress through a a series of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00290-00067551-00067919 changes that were made uh jim repre jim
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00291-00067920-00068119 uh talked about the one that i think is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00292-00068120-00068335 the most serious and that is the fact
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00293-00068336-00068559 that the fundraising has become
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00294-00068560-00068838 uh an instrumental part of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00295-00068839-00069126 what they are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00296-00069127-00069382 doing day to day in the congress when
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00297-00069383-00069567 that time should be spent
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00298-00069568-00069799 uh during uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00299-00069800-00070071 subcommittee and committee work
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00300-00070072-00070375 i think that um uh anytime you that you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00301-00070376-00070526 get away from the idea of vigorous
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00302-00070527-00070719 debate and open debate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00303-00070720-00070815 um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00304-00070816-00071031 that informs decisions
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00305-00071032-00071199 uh that um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00306-00071200-00071399 that you have lost
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00307-00071400-00071606 a lot of what congress is all about and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00308-00071607-00071703 today
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00309-00071704-00071894 in my view the debate is almost a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00310-00071895-00072175 perfunctory exercise with little meaning
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00311-00072176-00072399 and little consequence and yet at the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00312-00072400-00072575 end of the day that's what congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00313-00072576-00072823 should be all about uh and that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00314-00072824-00073055 reforms should be driven toward uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00315-00073056-00073415 making certain that uh those are upheld
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00316-00073416-00073703 rather than the extraneous matters
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00317-00073704-00073911 and so were there any lessons learned
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00318-00073912-00074167 from that 1992
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00319-00074168-00074535 effort and the time that has gone
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00320-00074536-00074935 since then
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00321-00074936-00075087 well um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00322-00075088-00075255 in my view
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00323-00075256-00075426 what we did in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00324-00075427-00075719 1995 when we took over
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00325-00075720-00075847 one of the things
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00326-00075848-00076591 yeah one of the things that we did
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00327-00076592-00077087 we've lost you again
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00328-00077088-00077287 congressman walker we lost your audio
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00329-00077288-00077582 again
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00330-00077583-00077791 and this is going to be another thing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00331-00077792-00078079 for broadband i think we can all say
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00332-00078080-00078247 that and that's one of the reasons why
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00333-00078248-00078519 i'm in the thomas jefferson building
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00334-00078520-00078655 and not
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00335-00078656-00078823 somewhere else
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00336-00078824-00079087 well it's a real shame bob walker served
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00337-00079088-00079255 about 20 years
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00338-00079256-00079591 barry comes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00339-00079592-00079967 about 20 years and probably just the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00340-00079968-00080271 impact of what we're doing now and how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00341-00080272-00080487 those lessons learned are going to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00342-00080488-00080679 inform and you're very fortunate i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00343-00080680-00080823 to have people who've had that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00344-00080824-00081062 experience be part of the committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00345-00081063-00081191 is that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00346-00081192-00081423 true
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00347-00081424-00081615 i like the idea what
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00348-00081616-00081815 bob walker said getting the work in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00349-00081816-00081991 committee spending time in committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00350-00081992-00082167 and dialogue and debate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00351-00082168-00082487 more bipartisan involvement i was only
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00352-00082488-00082671 in congress eight years and then i went
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00353-00082672-00082855 back to the governor
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00354-00082856-00083071 and i remember thinking that i didn't
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00355-00083072-00083262 feel like i wasted so much time as
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00356-00083263-00083494 governor as i did in congress sitting
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00357-00083495-00083647 around waiting for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00358-00083648-00083726 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00359-00083727-00083943 some jackass to finish a speech or a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00360-00083944-00084087 quorum call
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00361-00084088-00084471 uh but uh i like that i like the idea of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00362-00084472-00084703 regular order i also like the idea
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00363-00084704-00084806 of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00364-00084807-00085055 giving a preference to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00365-00085056-00085303 legislation that has sponsors in both
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00366-00085304-00085479 parties
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00367-00085480-00085694 i recall that i used to try to get a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00368-00085695-00085950 republican to co-sponsor whatever i had
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00369-00085951-00086126 i couldn't do it all the time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00370-00086127-00086303 because it gave it more credibility at
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00371-00086304-00086599 home and it also forced us to work with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00372-00086600-00086806 each other and so almost anything i did
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00373-00086807-00086967 that was important i had several
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00374-00086968-00087223 republican co-sponsors and it was a real
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00375-00087224-00087567 lift it really it could mean in a tight
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00376-00087568-00087823 situation 30 or 40 extra votes for what
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00377-00087824-00088103 i was doing so i'd like to see i don't
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00378-00088104-00088238 know two
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00379-00088239-00088599 are two chairs of the modernization
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00380-00088600-00088799 committee chair and ranking member
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00381-00088800-00088991 whether there's a way to give preference
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00382-00088992-00089199 in scheduling legislation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00383-00089200-00089479 to items that have serious bipartisan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00384-00089480-00089655 support
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00385-00089656-00089982 i'm glad you brought up the uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00386-00089983-00090206 bipartisan because the committee itself
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00387-00090207-00090423 is an example of how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00388-00090424-00090655 both parties can work together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00389-00090656-00090879 and so what can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00390-00090880-00091094 congress the rest of congress learn from
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00391-00091095-00091311 the way that the committee is operating
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00392-00091312-00091559 and how can you really stress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00393-00091560-00091831 that that's an important part
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00394-00091832-00092031 of what the work of the congress should
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00395-00092032-00092191 be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00396-00092192-00092462 i'm happy to take a swing at that um you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00397-00092463-00092615 know listen we're never going to agree
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00398-00092616-00092838 on everything but the select committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00399-00092839-00093087 on modernization is has really sought to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00400-00093088-00093367 break the mold we work together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00401-00093368-00093567 as partners on one team
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00402-00093568-00093774 across party lines just to try to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00403-00093775-00094135 produce results um you know we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00404-00094136-00094311 we made a number of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00405-00094312-00094479 recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00406-00094480-00094647 about how committees ought to function
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00407-00094648-00094838 and we tried to actually
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00408-00094839-00095015 practice what we preach to encourage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00409-00095016-00095215 more bipartisan collaboration to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00410-00095216-00095471 encourage more productivity and we tried
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00411-00095472-00095582 to model
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00412-00095583-00095815 model good behavior let me give just a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00413-00095816-00096038 few examples one of our recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00414-00096039-00096182 was that committees ought to hold a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00415-00096183-00096487 bipartisan agenda setting retreat
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00416-00096488-00096638 so that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00417-00096639-00096815 we have a sense of what people want to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00418-00096816-00097126 accomplish uh during uh during this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00419-00097127-00097279 congress we did that we held a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00420-00097280-00097494 bipartisan retreat
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00421-00097495-00097718 after we were formed and again uh in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00422-00097719-00097879 this congress and it really helped us
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00423-00097880-00098103 establish a positive bipartisan approach
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00424-00098104-00098262 to our work from the outset is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00425-00098263-00098447 incredibly valuable and i will tell you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00426-00098448-00098582 because since i know we have former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00427-00098583-00098791 members of congress watching we also had
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00428-00098792-00098950 a conversation about the events of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00429-00098951-00099174 january 6th and how we can move forward
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00430-00099175-00099415 as a committee despite what what was a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00431-00099416-00099582 very traumatic
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00432-00099583-00099735 day for for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00433-00099736-00099871 for members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00434-00099872-00100023 we have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00435-00100024-00100206 something unique in congress we have a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00436-00100207-00100462 unified nonpartisan staff with one
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00437-00100463-00100711 budget one office we made a decision up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00438-00100712-00100926 front that our committee wouldn't have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00439-00100927-00101111 people with red jerseys and blue jerseys
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00440-00101112-00101223 that we would have a committee whose
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00441-00101224-00101447 staff were fixed congress jerseys that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00442-00101448-00101638 really breaks with the tradition of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00443-00101639-00101862 dividing resources between the parties
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00444-00101863-00102006 but we have found that to be very
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00445-00102007-00102262 construct
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00446-00102263-00102582 so as part of the work on the of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00447-00102583-00102718 committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00448-00102719-00102894 to model
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00449-00102895-00103047 some of the things you'd like to see
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00450-00103048-00103151 happen
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00451-00103152-00103799 it sounds like you're trying to do that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00452-00103800-00104015 absolutely yes ma'am it does
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00453-00104016-00104102 um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00454-00104103-00104286 and you know i'll follow up i was in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00455-00104288-00104558 state senate for two years and we had 46
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00456-00104559-00104823 members and we were in session uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00457-00104824-00105134 together and we sat in one room and you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00458-00105135-00105263 would take the well and you would
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00459-00105264-00105519 advocate for whatever bill you were you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00460-00105520-00105623 were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00461-00105624-00105775 pushing and you would have to defend
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00462-00105776-00105927 your ideas you'd have to answer
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00463-00105928-00106110 questions and everyone would get to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00464-00106111-00106375 listen to the questions and the answers
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00465-00106376-00106623 so there was a true exchange of ideas
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00466-00106624-00106807 and if you said something ridiculous
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00467-00106808-00107015 both your colleagues would look at you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00468-00107016-00107199 kind of funny and you know your
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00469-00107200-00107319 colleagues across the aisle would look
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00470-00107320-00107495 at you even funnier and so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00471-00107496-00107623 that whole
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00472-00107624-00107847 dynamic that social interaction is so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00473-00107848-00108078 important and you know one other thing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00474-00108079-00108343 that i believe that the reason that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00475-00108344-00108463 modernization committee is going to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00476-00108464-00108702 so successful is because we began by
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00477-00108703-00108943 building relationships um between the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00478-00108944-00109231 members and if you have a relationship
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00479-00109232-00109334 with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00480-00109335-00109495 your colleagues on your side of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00481-00109496-00109702 aisle and on the other you really can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00482-00109703-00109975 make progress in a way that um you just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00483-00109976-00110119 can't if you don't know people if you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00484-00110120-00110254 don't have that relationship if you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00485-00110255-00110558 don't have that that mutual respect
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00486-00110559-00110854 you're not going to get anywhere so i i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00487-00110855-00111047 think that we're in a good position and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00488-00111048-00111254 i think we've got to get more committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00489-00111255-00111463 and really all of congress to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00490-00111464-00111663 adopt some of these principles
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00491-00111664-00111799 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00492-00111800-00111983 idea of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00493-00111983-00112215 providing opportunities for members to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00494-00112216-00112366 get to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00495-00112367-00112623 know each other as people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00496-00112624-00112871 seems to also be something that has come
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00497-00112872-00113015 up quite a bit in with the library of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00498-00113016-00113247 congress congressional dialogues the the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00499-00113248-00113439 one thing of course the wonderful
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00500-00113440-00113663 authors and getting to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00501-00113664-00113758 hear
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00502-00113759-00114110 from historians about history
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00503-00114111-00114190 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00504-00114191-00114327 most members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00505-00114328-00114623 comment on though is the opportunity to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00506-00114624-00114943 get to know and be in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00507-00114944-00114983 off a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00508-00114983-00115102 record
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00509-00115103-00115295 non-partisan setting
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00510-00115296-00115486 and get to know each other is that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00511-00115488-00115671 something you think that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00512-00115672-00115902 committee absolutely it's going to track
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00513-00115903-00116110 right there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00514-00116111-00116383 absolutely and and we've tried to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00515-00116383-00116727 engage in some uh uh efforts
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00516-00116728-00116807 to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00517-00116808-00116990 encourage that type of bipartisan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00518-00116991-00117239 collaboration if you watch our committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00519-00117240-00117423 meetings we don't sit with democrats on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00520-00117424-00117671 one side and republicans on the other
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00521-00117672-00117854 because occasionally you hear testimony
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00522-00117855-00117983 and you say well that's actually pretty
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00523-00117983-00118119 interesting you lean over the person
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00524-00118120-00118319 sitting next to you and it's it's a good
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00525-00118320-00118471 thing that the person sitting next to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00526-00118472-00118599 you in our committee is someone from a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00527-00118600-00118743 different party
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00528-00118744-00118958 we will meet regularly as a committee in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00529-00118959-00119158 private as a full committee just to talk
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00530-00119159-00119343 through some of the tough debates and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00531-00119344-00119558 have those debates on public view to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00532-00119559-00119702 build some trust
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00533-00119703-00119902 and solve problems together and i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00534-00119903-00120127 that is again a model for how other
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00535-00120128-00120286 committees can function
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00536-00120288-00120702 we also have a united non-partisan staff
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00537-00120703-00120823 one budget
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00538-00120824-00120975 one office
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00539-00120976-00121190 no red jerseys and blue jerseys our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00540-00121191-00121407 staff puts on fixed congress jerseys and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00541-00121408-00121607 we work together to try to solve
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00542-00121608-00121766 problems together and i think again
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00543-00121767-00121902 that's something that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00544-00121903-00122078 we've encouraged other committees to do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00545-00122079-00122199 and i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00546-00122200-00122390 that might pave the way for a little bit
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00547-00122391-00122614 more productivity and a bit less
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00548-00122615-00122783 partisan bickering
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00549-00122783-00123047 to have the staff members actually work
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00550-00123048-00123283 together too they're on the same
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00551-00123283-00123543 team and that concept that they're on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00552-00123544-00123727 the committee's team where they're on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00553-00123728-00124086 that they're working with it uh now the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00554-00124088-00124199 since
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00555-00124200-00124486 2019 and i have a tier of research for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00556-00124488-00124678 librarians they're nearly
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00557-00124679-00124847 100
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00558-00124848-00125054 recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00559-00125055-00125151 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00560-00125152-00125247 so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00561-00125248-00125486 are there next steps for looking at
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00562-00125488-00125751 those recommendations and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00563-00125752-00125934 how will this committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00564-00125935-00126158 take what came before
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00565-00126159-00126278 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00566-00126279-00126575 try it in the next two years
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00567-00126576-00126854 that your chair and of course uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00568-00126855-00126966 vice chair
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00569-00126967-00127247 timmons how will you work on that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00570-00127248-00127486 sure mr chairman i'll start off and you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00571-00127488-00127790 can follow up um so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00572-00127791-00127951 when you think about it we only were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00573-00127952-00128231 given a year in the 116th congress and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00574-00128232-00128454 so we we had to do everything we could
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00575-00128455-00128647 in that one year and luckily uh the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00576-00128648-00128863 speaker was kind enough to extend it so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00577-00128864-00129190 we got a second year and i i couldn't be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00578-00129191-00129334 more pleased that we got a second
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00579-00129335-00129495 congress and so we have two years right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00580-00129496-00129695 now so we're going to be spending um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00581-00129696-00129966 part of our time this congress making
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00582-00129967-00130110 sure that we implement all the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00583-00130111-00130286 recommendations and you know we've
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00584-00130288-00130502 already done a third of them and we've
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00585-00130503-00130807 got uh two-thirds left but we are going
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00586-00130808-00131007 to make sure that we hit every one of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00587-00131008-00131183 them and we're also going to address
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00588-00131184-00131471 some things that we didn't address uh in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00589-00131472-00131735 the 116th congress we've got a lot of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00590-00131736-00131911 we got the low hanging fruit if you will
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00591-00131912-00132135 so we're going to go back and and tackle
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00592-00132136-00132423 some of these harder issues we need nine
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00593-00132424-00132727 votes to make a recommendation and i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00594-00132728-00132919 fully expect that we're going to have a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00595-00132920-00133143 recommendation that isn't unanimous
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00596-00133144-00133390 so you know we're gonna keep working and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00597-00133391-00133590 i'm just very pleased that we were able
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00598-00133591-00133775 to get another two years and i can't
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00599-00133776-00133919 thank speaker enough for that mr
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00600-00133920-00134119 chairman follow up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00601-00134120-00134351 yeah uh viceroy timmons and i started
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00602-00134352-00134502 our morning or at least i did because it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00603-00134503-00134654 was early here he may have had stuff
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00604-00134655-00134814 before testifying in front of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00605-00134815-00135014 appropriations committee about some of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00606-00135015-00135278 our proposed reforms
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00607-00135279-00135463 asking for changes within the ledge
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00608-00135464-00135671 branch bill
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00609-00135672-00135823 you already saw
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00610-00135824-00136031 some of our committee's recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00611-00136032-00136199 implemented about a third have been
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00612-00136200-00136471 implemented uh through the through the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00613-00136472-00136678 house or in some form of implementation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00614-00136679-00136935 incl including some big ideas including
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00615-00136936-00137095 restoring the ability of members of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00616-00137096-00137263 congress to direct
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00617-00137264-00137471 to direct spending toward priorities in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00618-00137472-00137631 their district that is something that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00619-00137632-00137743 our committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00620-00137744-00137823 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00621-00137824-00138023 recommended in the last congress and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00622-00138024-00138151 you're seeing the appropriations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00623-00138152-00138319 committee take up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00624-00138320-00138527 to vice chair timmins's point part of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00625-00138528-00138702 our work in this congress is to see the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00626-00138703-00138887 rest of those recommendations get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00627-00138888-00139111 implemented but also get to work on some
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00628-00139112-00139311 other issues and um for those who are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00629-00139312-00139447 interested in the work of the committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00630-00139448-00139647 we have some really interesting hearings
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00631-00139648-00139911 teed up for the month of june dealing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00632-00139912-00140119 with things like how do you change
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00633-00140120-00140319 culture you know where you've seen
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00634-00140320-00140575 unfortunately in congress the erosion of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00635-00140576-00140775 for lack of a better term corporate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00636-00140776-00141007 culture where the norms are out of whack
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00637-00141008-00141214 a lot of the problems that we face have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00638-00141215-00141431 less to do with the rules of the place
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00639-00141432-00141654 and more to deal with the norms and the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00640-00141655-00141775 culture and so we're going to have a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00641-00141776-00141966 couple hearings related to that we're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00642-00141967-00142175 dealing with issues like continuity of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00643-00142176-00142478 congress which um after the attacks on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00644-00142479-00142575 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00645-00142576-00142902 the the riot on uh january 6th you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00646-00142903-00143071 i think there is a real recognition that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00647-00143072-00143343 that could have been worse and that is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00648-00143344-00143454 uh uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00649-00143455-00143687 a topic that that congress ought to take
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00650-00143688-00143823 a closer look at
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00651-00143824-00144014 issues like those at the library of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00652-00144015-00144254 congress have been so vital in raising
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00653-00144255-00144495 like civility and collaboration so these
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00654-00144496-00144590 are things that we're going to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00655-00144591-00144783 working on working on but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00656-00144784-00144919 a lot of our approaches to make sure
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00657-00144920-00145063 that these aren't just recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00658-00145064-00145239 that sit on a shelf but that they get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00659-00145240-00145359 implemented
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00660-00145360-00145590 and that's quite a task
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00661-00145591-00145814 to go to the information uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00662-00145815-00145951 implementation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00663-00145952-00146175 uh stage now
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00664-00146176-00146366 you also
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00665-00146367-00146735 the term came up that about there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00666-00146736-00146926 might be some difficulties because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00667-00146927-00147102 change can be hard
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00668-00147103-00147263 and in this time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00669-00147264-00147351 there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00670-00147352-00147639 seems to be a recognition that there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00671-00147640-00147871 might be some roadblocks
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00672-00147872-00148078 and how are you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00673-00148079-00148207 planning on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00674-00148208-00148359 overcoming
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00675-00148360-00148535 what those roadblocks are and could you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00676-00148536-00148719 share your thoughts on what you think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00677-00148720-00148863 they might be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00678-00148864-00149119 i might actually turn this around on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00679-00149120-00149278 governor blanchard and congressman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00680-00149279-00149502 walker so one of the biggest challenges
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00681-00149503-00149735 we face is that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00682-00149736-00149902 a lot of these recommendations have a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00683-00149903-00150087 decentralization of power there's an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00684-00150088-00150335 effect of you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00685-00150336-00150526 the the speaker and the leader and the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00686-00150527-00150799 web they all have to give up something
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00687-00150800-00150919 for some of these recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00688-00150920-00151078 particularly around the calendar and the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00689-00151079-00151183 schedule
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00690-00151184-00151343 having dealt with this before could
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00691-00151344-00151566 could you give us um some some thoughts
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00692-00151567-00151726 and i will say this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00693-00151727-00151951 the reason that we got the second year
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00694-00151952-00152078 and then the second
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00695-00152079-00152271 congress is because i think everyone
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00696-00152272-00152439 sees the dysfunction in congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00697-00152440-00152599 everyone sees the polarization including
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00698-00152600-00152919 leadership so um keeping that in mind
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00699-00152920-00153095 what what recommendations
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00700-00153096-00153207 governor blanchard and congressman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00701-00153208-00153431 walker do you all have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00702-00153432-00153687 well i haven't looked at your list
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00703-00153688-00153887 i'm glad you have one and i really do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00704-00153888-00154111 commend the two of you for taking this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00705-00154112-00154271 challenge on and the members of your
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00706-00154272-00154399 committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00707-00154400-00154590 uh i will say i think you had a few
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00708-00154591-00154887 things in there about orientation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00709-00154888-00155119 i really really think that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00710-00155120-00155366 orientation of new members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00711-00155367-00155599 may be sometimes a reorientation of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00712-00155600-00155766 existing members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00713-00155767-00155990 is extremely important that it needs to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00714-00155991-00156095 be done
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00715-00156096-00156287 bipartisan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00716-00156288-00156551 when someone comes here today they're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00717-00156552-00156671 going to get pulled off in their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00718-00156672-00156871 caucuses and their interest groups and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00719-00156872-00157199 whatever it is but i think and i know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00720-00157200-00157414 the library of congress is doing some of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00721-00157415-00157623 this there needs to be a fairly
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00722-00157624-00157743 intensive
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00723-00157744-00157919 uh orientation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00724-00157920-00158199 with both new members from both parties
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00725-00158200-00158495 there hearing the traditions the history
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00726-00158496-00158647 of the house
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00727-00158648-00158926 of all the things that they should know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00728-00158927-00159087 and be proud of as a member of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00729-00159088-00159390 united states house representatives
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00730-00159391-00159471 i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00731-00159472-00159726 came here at a very young age
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00732-00159727-00159975 it was my lifelong goal even though you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00733-00159976-00160126 can laugh but i really want to be a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00734-00160127-00160399 member of congress by the time i was 14
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00735-00160400-00160623 and i came here at 32
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00736-00160624-00160799 and i still when i walk through the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00737-00160800-00161087 halls i still have a reverence for the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00738-00161088-00161454 place in the older guys who were having
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00739-00161455-00161695 our orientation said to us
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00740-00161696-00161895 remember always
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00741-00161896-00162326 you are a united states representative
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00742-00162327-00162623 you actually represent yes your district
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00743-00162624-00162839 but your state you really you the only
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00744-00162840-00162983 requirement you have to be a resident of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00745-00162984-00163102 the state
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00746-00163103-00163278 and remember you not only have a duty to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00747-00163279-00163511 your constituents in michigan and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00748-00163512-00163671 suburban detroit
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00749-00163672-00163838 but you also have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00750-00163839-00164078 a responsibility to the house to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00751-00164079-00164271 house of representatives to its
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00752-00164272-00164399 traditions
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00753-00164400-00164663 you have you need to be loyal to our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00754-00164664-00164831 institution
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00755-00164832-00165119 as well as whatever other causes you're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00756-00165120-00165383 championing and i never forgot that and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00757-00165384-00165599 they also said to us
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00758-00165600-00165775 you know you're going to get into heated
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00759-00165776-00165983 arguments with your colleagues
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00760-00165984-00166159 but you know what on one day you'll have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00761-00166160-00166383 a heated argument the next day you may
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00762-00166384-00166623 need them and they may be across the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00763-00166624-00166743 aisle
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00764-00166744-00167031 so cool it guys
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00765-00167032-00167254 this is for grown-ups here
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00766-00167255-00167359 cool it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00767-00167360-00167551 and yes you can go out and grandstand
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00768-00167552-00167751 all you want but remember you got to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00769-00167752-00167926 live with your colleagues you depend on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00770-00167927-00168023 them
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00771-00168024-00168207 and if you elevate your colleagues you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00772-00168208-00168366 really elevate the institution and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00773-00168367-00168502 yourself
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00774-00168503-00168678 and i always remembered those kind of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00775-00168679-00168895 comments because i think they need to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00776-00168896-00169119 said by people with credibility to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00777-00169120-00169399 new members i do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00778-00169400-00169647 and governor with that connection as a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00779-00169648-00169799 recommendation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00780-00169800-00170071 possibly be to have more of a connection
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00781-00170072-00170183 with the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00782-00170184-00170438 uh former members if possible like the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00783-00170439-00170719 group that we're with today
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00784-00170720-00170847 too
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00785-00170848-00171038 possibly i don't i don't want to you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00786-00171039-00171295 know this is a different era dr hayden
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00787-00171296-00171447 it really is and so i don't want to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00788-00171448-00171687 pontificate too much and and really bob
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00789-00171688-00171838 walker served
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00790-00171839-00172031 through a longer period of time and i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00791-00172032-00172214 think he has thoughts but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00792-00172215-00172287 but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00793-00172288-00172487 yeah i think some of the members that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00794-00172488-00172623 are more
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00795-00172624-00172959 who've left recently uh can probably
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00796-00172960-00173135 look back and give some really good
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00797-00173136-00173390 advice people like ray lahood or charlie
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00798-00173391-00173471 dent
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00799-00173472-00173719 or henry waxman i'm sure they have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00800-00173720-00173854 thoughts of things they would do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00801-00173855-00173983 differently
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00802-00173984-00174199 uh if they were in congress now are just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00803-00174200-00174335 starting out
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00804-00174336-00174647 um they are a wealth of knowledge but uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00805-00174648-00174775 but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00806-00174776-00175023 i'm talking from a different era and i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00807-00175024-00175207 felt privileged to be announced i still
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00808-00175208-00175287 do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00809-00175288-00175487 and i'm proud of that and i want the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00810-00175488-00175671 house to be respected i don't want
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00811-00175672-00175775 people to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00812-00175776-00175878 be there they're always going to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00813-00175879-00176071 criticize you know government that's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00814-00176072-00176214 that's in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00815-00176215-00176423 dna of americans
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00816-00176424-00176590 always we've always been kind of an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00817-00176591-00176790 anti-government society
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00818-00176791-00177078 but we respected our leaders uh or most
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00819-00177079-00177183 of the time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00820-00177184-00177399 that's really fallen away it's a very
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00821-00177400-00177726 serious problem
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00822-00177727-00178102 history can have lessons dr hayden here
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00823-00178103-00178351 you know that yes i'm happy to take a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00824-00178352-00178535 swing at the question you asked as well
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00825-00178536-00178799 yes i think there's you asked about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00826-00178800-00178943 challenges that the work of this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00827-00178944-00179119 committee faces and there's a couple
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00828-00179120-00179207 that come
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00829-00179208-00179414 to mind one you know the work of this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00830-00179415-00179654 committee uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00831-00179655-00179790 despite the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00832-00179791-00180014 charisma of vice chair tidman's is not
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00833-00180015-00180271 exactly catnip for cable news
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00834-00180272-00180614 um you know we're not we're not viral on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00835-00180615-00180854 social media um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00836-00180855-00181038 you know and part of the way we overcome
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00837-00181039-00181271 that is through a bunch of terrific
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00838-00181272-00181431 organizations including the former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00839-00181432-00181647 members organization and groups like
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00840-00181648-00181838 issue 1 and others
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00841-00181839-00182031 who are part of a reform community who
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00842-00182032-00182238 want to see congress work better that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00843-00182239-00182543 can amplify the work of this committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00844-00182544-00182814 beyond that one of our challenges is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00845-00182815-00183007 inherent in trying to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00846-00183008-00183199 make congress work better for the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00847-00183200-00183383 american people is making some
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00848-00183384-00183638 investments in the institution you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00849-00183639-00183847 that is not without controversy right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00850-00183848-00184038 because to some degree it's a lot easier
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00851-00184039-00184111 to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00852-00184112-00184302 to pound on and say let's just burn it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00853-00184303-00184478 all down than it is to say let's invest
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00854-00184479-00184599 and fix it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00855-00184600-00184759 and you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00856-00184760-00184935 the testimony that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00857-00184936-00185111 viceroy timmins and i gave this morning
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00858-00185112-00185302 to appropriations was about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00859-00185303-00185447 for example
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00860-00185448-00185695 investing in staff making it so that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00861-00185696-00185863 members of congress can do a better job
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00862-00185864-00186102 recruiting and retaining and having more
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00863-00186103-00186471 diverse staff investing in institutions
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00864-00186472-00186750 like crs uh and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00865-00186751-00186854 um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00866-00186855-00187087 enabling the cio to have a staff academy
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00867-00187088-00187247 that invests in our staff and for that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00868-00187248-00187471 member for that matter having a member
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00869-00187472-00187678 academy so that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00870-00187679-00187823 we can invest in the professional
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00871-00187824-00187983 development of members of congress so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00872-00187984-00188183 that they can better serve
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00873-00188184-00188366 again that is not without controversy
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00874-00188367-00188590 and it's up to us to make the case for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00875-00188591-00188831 why those investments are important
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00876-00188832-00188999 i think to some degree
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00877-00189000-00189231 the the case makes itself when the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00878-00189232-00189414 american people hold congress in lower
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00879-00189415-00189535 regard than
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00880-00189536-00189799 head lice and colonoscopies they want it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00881-00189800-00190038 to work better and we're suggesting
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00882-00190039-00190207 to make it work better
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00883-00190208-00190483 and i'm glad you mentioned crs because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00884-00190484-00190783 they really put on that new member
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00885-00190784-00191023 seminar in colonial williamsburg in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00886-00191024-00191295 person it's the time that new members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00887-00191296-00191502 come together with their families their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00888-00191503-00191726 significant others right before
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00889-00191727-00192031 everything starts in early january and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00890-00192032-00192135 it's an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00891-00192136-00192302 intense time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00892-00192303-00192511 for them to learn and be together and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00893-00192512-00192759 then have their families interact as
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00894-00192760-00193071 well and uh congressman walker how's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00895-00193072-00193302 your is your sound responding because we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00896-00193303-00193790 really would like to hear from you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00897-00193791-00194038 we'll keep working on it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00898-00194039-00194231 we'll definitely keep
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00899-00194232-00194463 dr hayden
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00900-00194464-00194726 let me add uh that i think the former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00901-00194727-00195014 american association i i don't speak i'm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00902-00195015-00195159 part of that i don't but i don't speak
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00903-00195160-00195383 for them we have a lot of active former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00904-00195384-00195583 members and i know they would all love
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00905-00195584-00195823 to help this committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00906-00195824-00196014 but you know we're also
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00907-00196015-00196159 respectful of the fact that we're no
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00908-00196160-00196414 longer there we do not hold the office
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00909-00196415-00196583 and we want to be respectful for those
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00910-00196584-00196807 who do and sometimes you don't want
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00911-00196808-00196975 people looking over your shoulder who've
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00912-00196976-00197063 just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00913-00197064-00197231 been more recently in the in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00914-00197232-00197478 institution so we want to be diplomatic
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00915-00197479-00197663 about it but you know i know our group
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00916-00197664-00197854 would love to help in any way we get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00917-00197855-00198159 together we had a social event just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00918-00198160-00198535 two sundays ago
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00919-00198536-00198926 and the social events are the ones that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00920-00198927-00199150 allow members to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00921-00199151-00199399 stand next to each other sit next to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00922-00199400-00199614 each other and even when they have those
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00923-00199615-00199959 family members we've found there who can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00924-00199960-00200159 interact with each other
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00925-00200160-00200350 young people that are going to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00926-00200351-00200614 either the same school or they play the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00927-00200615-00200871 same game or whatever it's it's an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00928-00200872-00201150 opportunity to see each other as people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00929-00201151-00201454 and so the biggest roadblock what do you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00930-00201455-00201750 think is you're going to have though
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00931-00201751-00201926 coming up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00932-00201927-00202087 chairman tillman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00933-00202088-00202359 kilmer
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00934-00202360-00202535 make you know so the good news is we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00935-00202536-00202799 have uh 97 recommendations that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00936-00202800-00203023 committee's already made a third of them
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00937-00203024-00203343 are in some phase of implementation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00938-00203344-00203478 you know part of it is making sure that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00939-00203479-00203614 the work of this committee breaks
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00940-00203615-00203799 through and that we're able to implement
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00941-00203800-00204007 the others i think that you know when
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00942-00204008-00204214 when uh the easy thing for congress to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00943-00204215-00204431 do is to put out the fire of the day
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00944-00204432-00204719 uh investing in the institution can be a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00945-00204720-00204934 little bit harder to to break through to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00946-00204935-00205142 get floor time to see those
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00947-00205144-00205382 uh that progress on implementation but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00948-00205383-00205582 we're going to keep pushing in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00949-00205583-00205862 in that regard
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00950-00205863-00206151 beyond that i really do think that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00951-00206152-00206342 hearings that we have coming up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00952-00206344-00206606 related to how do you fix
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00953-00206607-00206782 some of the challenges that we see with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00954-00206783-00207086 regard to the erosion of culture within
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00955-00207087-00207255 the place you know when i served in the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00956-00207256-00207423 state legislature in washington state
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00957-00207423-00207582 every bill was taken up under an open
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00958-00207583-00207686 rule
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00959-00207687-00207886 which meant if a member had an amendment
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00960-00207887-00208079 that was at all germane to the subject
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00961-00208080-00208238 you could debate it you could offer it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00962-00208239-00208390 and get voted on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00963-00208391-00208519 and in eight years in the washington
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00964-00208519-00208703 state legislature i can count maybe only
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00965-00208704-00208886 five or six times where that was abused
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00966-00208887-00209046 where someone used that for political
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00967-00209048-00209166 haymaking
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00968-00209167-00209319 you know you contrast that with what we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00969-00209319-00209598 see in congress and more often than not
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00970-00209600-00209831 the floor time is used
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00971-00209832-00210046 for politics and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00972-00210048-00210294 that's not a rules problem that is a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00973-00210296-00210487 norm's problem there is no norm right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00974-00210488-00210710 now that says don't be a jerk and so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00975-00210711-00210863 part of the discussion that we're having
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00976-00210864-00211055 as a committee is how do you how do you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00977-00211056-00211231 reset some of the norms so that there is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00978-00211232-00211342 a desire
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00979-00211344-00211551 to focus less on partisan bickering and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00980-00211552-00211679 more on solving problems for the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00981-00211680-00211894 american people that's a sticky issue
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00982-00211896-00212079 but one that our committee's committed
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00983-00212080-00212279 to to working on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00984-00212280-00212527 and follow up with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00985-00212528-00212734 it's it's probably the most important
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00986-00212735-00212910 thing that we will do this congress and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00987-00212911-00213046 we have some hearings coming up on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00988-00213048-00213287 civility and you know how do we get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00989-00213288-00213471 people to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00990-00213471-00213751 have opportunities to to develop mutual
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00991-00213752-00213910 respect to develop relationships where
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00992-00213911-00214087 they can work across the aisle
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00993-00214088-00214231 i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00994-00214232-00214375 think about this a lot we think about it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00995-00214376-00214567 a lot i think it all began in the 90s
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00996-00214567-00214791 when people stopped living in washington
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00997-00214792-00215031 and it's gotten worse with social media
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00998-00215032-00215263 with the 24-hour news cycle
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-00999-00215264-00215455 you know and fundraising is a part of it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01000-00215456-00215671 i agree with the governor but you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01001-00215671-00215839 it really comes down to there's only 40
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01002-00215840-00216094 or 60 seats that are truly competitive
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01003-00216096-00216255 so you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01004-00216256-00216415 if you're in one of those seats you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01005-00216416-00216534 definitely have to spend all of your
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01006-00216535-00216679 time fundraising because some of these
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01007-00216680-00216942 races are tens of millions of dollars
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01008-00216944-00217039 you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01009-00217040-00217479 20 30 40 million dollars um you know so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01010-00217480-00217719 i think that the solution is to put
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01011-00217719-00218063 people together more and to try to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01012-00218064-00218294 force people to kind of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01013-00218296-00218479 defend their ideas
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01014-00218480-00218671 um and we're going to spend a lot of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01015-00218671-00218910 time on that but you know there's a huge
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01016-00218911-00219110 disincentive when we're in washington
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01017-00219111-00219303 for such a limited period of time and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01018-00219304-00219463 then when we're there we're doing so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01019-00219464-00219646 much between committees subcommittees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01020-00219648-00219839 floor votes fundraising
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01021-00219840-00219967 and then by the way we still have to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01022-00219967-00220127 legislate we still gotta
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01023-00220128-00220423 try to push our our policy agendas that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01024-00220423-00220598 we think help uh our constituents
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01025-00220600-00220791 forward so there's just not enough time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01026-00220792-00221063 we gotta be in dc more we gotta
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01027-00221064-00221279 facilitate opportunities for bipartisan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01028-00221280-00221503 collaboration more and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01029-00221504-00221727 you know i'll give you one great example
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01030-00221728-00221871 there's a weekend coming up where we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01031-00221871-00222110 have votes on friday and monday and if i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01032-00222111-00222294 want to stay in washington and go out to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01033-00222296-00222510 dinner with some of my colleagues
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01034-00222511-00222639 it's probably going to cost me i don't
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01035-00222640-00222903 know 1200 between hotels and all that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01036-00222904-00223110 stuff and or i can just go home and it's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01037-00223111-00223358 free um but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01038-00223359-00223534 that shouldn't be that way we should we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01039-00223535-00223703 should find a way to facilitate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01040-00223704-00223942 opportunities and um that's something
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01041-00223944-00224431 we're gonna be focusing on so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01042-00224432-00224767 the norm and to create because you can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01043-00224767-00224998 have uh rules and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01044-00225000-00225327 uh procedures but culture and norms
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01045-00225328-00225534 seems to be something that's that you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01046-00225535-00225758 say a little trickier
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01047-00225759-00225942 but how to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01048-00225944-00226206 give the experiences that will promote
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01049-00226207-00226334 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01050-00226335-00226639 and uh governor and congressman walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01051-00226640-00226791 was that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01052-00226792-00227239 an aspect that helped when you were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01053-00227240-00227767 part of it that there were those norms
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01054-00227767-00227903 congressman walker we still can't hear
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01055-00227904-00228079 you i'm sorry
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01056-00228080-00228271 well we're gonna do a repeat with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01057-00228271-00228494 congressman walker we're gonna have to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01058-00228496-00228694 make sure that we get him in because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01059-00228696-00228958 that even though you governor kind of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01060-00228959-00229167 hesitated and said well you know that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01061-00229167-00229391 was a different time but i maybe it's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01062-00229392-00229710 because i am a librarian in history such
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01063-00229711-00229942 gives such context to things when you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01064-00229944-00230119 look at other times that your
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01065-00230119-00230423 experiences could be very helpful
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01066-00230423-00230655 yeah no we did spend a lot more time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01067-00230656-00230823 with each other by the way i never know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01068-00230823-00231006 bob a bit lost for words he's really a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01069-00231007-00231255 wealth of experience and so i wish we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01070-00231256-00231431 could hear from him because he was part
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01071-00231432-00231687 of the gingrich revolution i i saw it i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01072-00231688-00231879 saw the kind of the beginnings of it but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01073-00231880-00232055 i was safely back in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01074-00232056-00232223 michigan at the time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01075-00232223-00232503 uh no the more people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01076-00232504-00232663 work together i mean the more they're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01077-00232664-00232967 put together the better i my my thinking
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01078-00232967-00233127 is that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01079-00233128-00233334 too many people come here
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01080-00233335-00233503 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01081-00233504-00233598 as
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01082-00233600-00233791 uh with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01083-00233792-00234079 with tribal instincts politics is a lot
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01084-00234080-00234319 more tribal
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01085-00234319-00234598 i think today than it was 20 or 30 years
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01086-00234600-00234806 ago and that's why i said i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01087-00234807-00235015 loyalty to your
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01088-00235016-00235191 state and your country and the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01089-00235192-00235342 institution
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01090-00235344-00235582 should be a major consideration not just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01091-00235583-00235815 loyalty to your tribe things are very
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01092-00235816-00235998 tribal i happen to think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01093-00236000-00236198 you know as a democrat i can live with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01094-00236200-00236327 fox news
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01095-00236328-00236527 i obviously like all the other networks
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01096-00236528-00236727 because i think most of them are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01097-00236728-00237079 uh are more accurate it's the social
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01098-00237080-00237342 media that's really demonizing people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01099-00237344-00237534 and the money that's made from social
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01100-00237535-00237631 media
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01101-00237632-00237871 spreading lies about each other and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01102-00237871-00238119 that's it's both sides it's not just one
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01103-00238119-00238319 side you know i can always say i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01104-00238319-00238510 it's worse with the conservatives or the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01105-00238511-00238831 republicans but social media is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01106-00238832-00238942 being
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01107-00238944-00239246 those companies are making a fortune
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01108-00239248-00239455 telling people what they want to hear
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01109-00239456-00239646 playing to their biases
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01110-00239648-00239806 and you end up with something like the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01111-00239807-00239967 insurrection in the capital people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01112-00239967-00240158 actually believed they were needed to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01113-00240159-00240319 come to the capitol
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01114-00240319-00240527 and take over
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01115-00240528-00240815 there's a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01116-00240816-00241039 a movie documentary very called the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01117-00241040-00241191 social dilemma
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01118-00241192-00241351 that outlines this but we're going to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01119-00241352-00241558 have to get a handful on that we cannot
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01120-00241559-00241694 keep having
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01121-00241696-00241934 uh major vehicles to spread
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01122-00241935-00242215 misinformation misinformation hatred day
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01123-00242216-00242527 after day after day to people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01124-00242528-00242758 uh that that really causes a breakdown
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01125-00242759-00243006 the harmony of our society that's a big
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01126-00243007-00243206 one again i think this committee though
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01127-00243207-00243415 in trying to make sure we put
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01128-00243416-00243623 our colleagues together and their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01129-00243623-00243798 families
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01130-00243800-00244046 really helps a lot but you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01131-00244048-00244358 at the time we were i was in congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01132-00244359-00244439 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01133-00244440-00244598 the parties were a little bit different
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01134-00244600-00244815 we had conservative southern democrats
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01135-00244816-00245039 we had northern republican liberals so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01136-00245040-00245191 there was kind of a blend of what was
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01137-00245192-00245319 going on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01138-00245319-00245479 and you always had somebody from
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01139-00245480-00245655 somewhere that agreed with what whatever
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01140-00245656-00245887 you were trying to do in the other party
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01141-00245888-00246151 that's a lot harder today that's why i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01142-00246152-00246342 think this committee's work is so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01143-00246344-00246591 important because it's an example for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01144-00246592-00246863 all your other colleagues
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01145-00246864-00247055 and you mentioned and this is a question
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01146-00247056-00247334 for each of you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01147-00247335-00247455 the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01148-00247456-00247646 outreach to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01149-00247648-00247910 public and the members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01150-00247911-00248294 of your communities and each of these
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01151-00248296-00248479 organizations the library of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01152-00248480-00248758 does a lot of programming nara has the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01153-00248759-00249039 civic session programming and the former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01154-00249040-00249294 members says congress to the community
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01155-00249296-00249479 so with that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01156-00249480-00249719 would the committee
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01157-00249719-00249975 be able to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01158-00249976-00250230 make recommendations about how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01159-00250231-00250342 you can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01160-00250344-00250630 increase the quality of the information
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01161-00250631-00250894 to constituents about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01162-00250896-00251919 what congress is doing or wants to do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01163-00251919-00252151 could you elaborate on that i'm you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01164-00252152-00252391 i think well we have these programs uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01165-00252392-00252791 there's been a lot of concern uh about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01166-00252792-00253087 the lack of civics education that the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01167-00253088-00253367 people who are consuming information
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01168-00253367-00253751 about every topic haven't had the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01169-00253752-00253998 opportunity to for instance learn how
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01170-00254000-00254246 congress does work or how government
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01171-00254248-00254582 works and there's been a lot of outreach
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01172-00254583-00254719 the former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01173-00254719-00254894 members for instance has that congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01174-00254896-00255079 to the community the library of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01175-00255080-00255294 does a lot of things the archives to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01176-00255296-00255527 reach out to the public to say here's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01177-00255528-00255791 how government works and so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01178-00255792-00255991 would the committee be able to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01179-00255992-00256110 [Music]
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01180-00256111-00256351 make recommendations about the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01181-00256352-00256655 communication that members have with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01182-00256656-00256894 their constituents and how to raise the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01183-00256896-00257239 quality of that to make it less partisan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01184-00257240-00257358 but really
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01185-00257359-00257575 more informative
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01186-00257576-00257839 sure you know the our franking budget is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01187-00257840-00258071 not small um generally members spend
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01188-00258071-00258294 between 100 and 300 plus thousand
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01189-00258296-00258503 annually um to communicate with their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01190-00258504-00258703 constituents so uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01191-00258704-00258887 we have requested uh additional
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01192-00258888-00259087 resources for the franking budget but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01193-00259088-00259263 also i think it's reasonable to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01194-00259264-00259519 facilitate best practices there's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01195-00259519-00259630 there's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01196-00259631-00259887 definitely an opportunity for the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01197-00259888-00260055 different member offices particularly
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01198-00260056-00260271 freshmen member offices because it took
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01199-00260271-00260487 us a full two two years to really get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01200-00260488-00260830 our communications under us um so if if
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01201-00260831-00260958 we could make a recommendation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01202-00260959-00261198 surrounding how best to use franking and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01203-00261200-00261334 they already have those but we could
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01204-00261335-00261471 probably spend more time on it in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01205-00261471-00261758 orientation and then perhaps have an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01206-00261759-00261919 additional opportunity for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01207-00261919-00262103 communications directors to sit down
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01208-00262104-00262358 with the the franking office and really
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01209-00262359-00262543 dig into the best practices i think that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01210-00262544-00262615 would
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01211-00262616-00262799 be a reasonable direction what do you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01212-00262800-00262951 think mr chairman
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01213-00262952-00263110 i'll just add so this is something that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01214-00263111-00263295 our committee has engaged on and will
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01215-00263296-00263527 continue engaging on in this congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01216-00263528-00263751 some of the recommendations we have made
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01217-00263752-00263951 have been around making sure that all
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01218-00263952-00264119 americans can better access their
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01219-00264120-00264367 government so you know we've made
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01220-00264368-00264534 recommendations around things like
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01221-00264535-00264830 addressing physical barriers to access
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01222-00264831-00265055 and also digital accessibility so that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01223-00265056-00265279 folks who might have a visual or hearing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01224-00265280-00265382 impairment
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01225-00265383-00265463 can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01226-00265464-00265647 access congressional websites for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01227-00265648-00266047 example or follow congressional hearings
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01228-00266048-00266247 we're going to continue working on this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01229-00266248-00266487 issue so that all americans can better
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01230-00266488-00266591 engage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01231-00266592-00266958 their government
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01232-00266959-00267039 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01233-00267040-00267279 budget mentioned the digital
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01234-00267280-00267534 access and that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01235-00267535-00267743 recently we've had that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01236-00267744-00267958 illustrated that there are so many
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01237-00267959-00268206 people particularly in the rural areas
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01238-00268207-00268519 that don't have the digital access
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01239-00268520-00268775 so we can have the best websites but if
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01240-00268776-00269087 people can't get to them
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01241-00269088-00269303 it makes it difficult for them to to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01242-00269304-00269510 track legislation or even to know about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01243-00269511-00269615 things
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01244-00269616-00269727 so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01245-00269728-00269943 though you that sounds like those are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01246-00269944-00270271 some of the key things that you want to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01247-00270272-00270671 address in terms of engaging the public
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01248-00270672-00270958 and what would you like to see
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01249-00270959-00271087 the public
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01250-00271088-00271279 know about the work of congress and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01251-00271280-00271551 possibly are you going to engage them in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01252-00271552-00271847 making some suggestions
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01253-00271848-00272071 about reform
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01254-00272072-00272271 so one thing that we've discussed as a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01255-00272272-00272510 committee is when we take up the topic
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01256-00272511-00272734 of civic engagement to actually engage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01257-00272735-00272951 the public um we've started talking
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01258-00272952-00273287 about you know visiting uh university
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01259-00273288-00273558 campuses uh and engaging not just the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01260-00273559-00273751 political science departments but but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01261-00273752-00274006 the student population about how might
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01262-00274007-00274199 congress better engage the american
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01263-00274200-00274295 people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01264-00274296-00274447 um
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01265-00274448-00274663 congressman timmins and i actually just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01266-00274664-00274863 participated in an event with an
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01267-00274864-00275006 organization
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01268-00275007-00275191 that has thousands of people around the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01269-00275192-00275519 country who are engaging on hot topics
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01270-00275520-00275687 facing the country and trying to figure
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01271-00275688-00275927 out whether there's a place where folks
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01272-00275928-00276223 can come to to some common ground and so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01273-00276224-00276391 these are the types of models that we're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01274-00276392-00276534 going to be looking at to see if there's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01275-00276535-00276710 recommendations that we can make to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01276-00276711-00276982 institution about how as an institution
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01277-00276983-00277282 we can better engage our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01278-00277283-00277503 constituents others
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01279-00277504-00277847 and congressman walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01280-00277848-00278095 we're going to keep coming back to you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01281-00278096-00278223 okay i think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01282-00278224-00278382 all right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01283-00278383-00278495 right now
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01284-00278496-00278799 great great because we we've referred to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01285-00278800-00279167 you several times in terms of what you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01286-00279168-00279503 experienced and what you might
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01287-00279504-00279710 give as a recommendation to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01288-00279711-00279903 committee and how you think they can
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01289-00279904-00280071 move forward
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01290-00280072-00280319 well a couple of things i mean i i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01291-00280320-00280510 really do think that the authorization
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01292-00280511-00280719 process needs to be revived
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01293-00280720-00281047 um the rules of the house long-standing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01294-00281048-00281191 rules of the house say that you have to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01295-00281192-00281399 have an authorization in place before
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01296-00281400-00281782 you can appropriate money uh in my mind
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01297-00281783-00282071 that's a very important part of getting
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01298-00282072-00282319 congress back on the on the right track
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01299-00282320-00282495 uh is to assure
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01300-00282496-00282782 uh that it's not just the budget process
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01301-00282783-00282958 or the appropriations process that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01302-00282959-00283247 determines policy but the policy is is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01303-00283248-00283358 determined
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01304-00283359-00283679 by uh the authorizing committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01305-00283680-00283758 uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01306-00283759-00283999 the reason for that is because it it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01307-00284000-00284230 activates all the members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01308-00284231-00284334 today
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01309-00284335-00284543 uh the thing i hear when i talk to the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01310-00284544-00284710 members is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01311-00284711-00284799 they
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01312-00284800-00285030 they're tired of sitting in cubby holes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01313-00285031-00285303 doing fundraising instead of actually
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01314-00285304-00285630 working on the policy issues uh that are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01315-00285631-00285871 uh in front of the congress and the way
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01316-00285872-00286063 in which you assure that they can do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01317-00286064-00286367 that is by having a an authorization
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01318-00286368-00286630 process that works you also need to to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01319-00286631-00286871 look at the budget process because uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01320-00286872-00287054 the budget process now has become
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01321-00287055-00287334 basically a reconcile
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01322-00287335-00288110 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01323-00288111-00288271 rather than
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01324-00288272-00288527 what what's the macro number what's what
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01325-00288528-00288710 are the things that uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01326-00288711-00288863 how much are we going to spend how much
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01327-00288864-00289095 money do we have how much deficits is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01328-00289096-00289327 there going to be and then work it out
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01329-00289328-00289454 around that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01330-00289455-00289791 rather than allow reconciliation uh to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01331-00289792-00290087 to drive the process and then i'd also
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01332-00290088-00290279 say one other thing that i don't believe
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01333-00290280-00290479 has been mentioned is one of the best
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01334-00290480-00290815 ways that i had of getting to know my my
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01335-00290816-00291103 democratic colleagues was going on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01336-00291104-00291223 codells
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01337-00291224-00291447 when we went overseas together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01338-00291448-00291727 uh we uh traveled as americans not as
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01339-00291728-00291919 republicans and democrats
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01340-00291920-00292151 uh and uh often we were able to take our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01341-00292152-00292406 families with us or at least our spouses
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01342-00292407-00292615 uh and they got to know each other we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01343-00292616-00292871 spent a lot of time together uh you know
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01344-00292872-00293206 uh not only uh doing valuable meetings
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01345-00293207-00293599 but also uh doing uh you know social
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01346-00293600-00293854 things together and uh you know flying
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01347-00293855-00294215 on the airplanes for long distances uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01348-00294216-00294399 the media
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01349-00294400-00294558 disparages
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01350-00294559-00294782 those kinds of contacts and yet they're
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01351-00294783-00294999 some of the most valuable in terms of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01352-00295000-00295334 building relationships that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01353-00295335-00295423 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01354-00295424-00295671 in my mind uh proved to be some of the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01355-00295672-00295943 most valuable ones i had in uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01356-00295944-00296310 both in civility and in bipartisanship
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01357-00296311-00296591 yeah i agree with that i also think
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01358-00296592-00296919 domestic field trips properly planned
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01359-00296920-00297167 again bipartisan not not
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01360-00297168-00297358 people just going out to score points
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01361-00297359-00297639 but bipartisan field trips uh were
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01362-00297640-00297895 always i found very very helpful good
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01363-00297896-00297991 people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01364-00297992-00298182 i wanted to backtrack to one thing that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01365-00298183-00298343 was said earlier about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01366-00298344-00298615 promoting civic responsibility the our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01367-00298616-00298782 archives is involved with that so are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01368-00298783-00298919 the former members there's a lot of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01369-00298920-00299175 groups i civics library of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01370-00299176-00299351 right
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01371-00299352-00299639 we uh this is really important uh only
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01372-00299640-00299887 39 states require some teaching of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01373-00299888-00300158 civics or government before graduation
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01374-00300159-00300423 from high school 39 states
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01375-00300424-00300719 and some of those are even of the 39 are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01376-00300720-00300847 minimal
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01377-00300848-00301143 um and so there needs to be an emphasis
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01378-00301144-00301239 on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01379-00301240-00301495 a way to teach civics and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01380-00301496-00301630 government
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01381-00301631-00301879 in middle school not just high school
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01382-00301880-00302110 maybe even earlier in my day it was
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01383-00302111-00302279 thought all the way along
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01384-00302280-00302439 that needs to be done and it needs to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01385-00302440-00302623 done in an entertaining way not in a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01386-00302624-00302758 boring way
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01387-00302759-00302958 our archives is working to expand the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01388-00302959-00303206 teaching in a number of states that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01389-00303207-00303375 really need it and there's a lot of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01390-00303376-00303599 support for that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01391-00303600-00303758 and i think everybody agrees on it but
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01392-00303759-00303967 it's how you do it without being
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01393-00303968-00304375 patronizing to our citizenship citizens
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01394-00304376-00304591 or partisan in the presentation of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01395-00304592-00304903 material but if you can avoid those
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01396-00304904-00305175 this is a huge huge need in our country
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01397-00305176-00305375 and i haven't met anyone in politics
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01398-00305376-00305671 that doesn't agree with what i just said
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01399-00305672-00305943 i'm so glad you mentioned um i civics
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01400-00305944-00306015 which
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01401-00306016-00306334 started with justice sandra day o'connor
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01402-00306335-00306710 and she was so concerned that young
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01403-00306711-00306991 people weren't able to find out about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01404-00306992-00307151 government and she
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01405-00307152-00307351 encouraged using something that would
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01406-00307352-00307710 make it more entertaining a video game
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01407-00307711-00307991 make it into something that would engage
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01408-00307992-00308247 them and get them going and that program
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01409-00308248-00308567 has been adopted in uh proofs to get
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01410-00308568-00308815 kids really involved and middle school
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01411-00308816-00309023 is a good time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01412-00309024-00309134 to do it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01413-00309135-00309343 yeah the pew research which is the gold
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01414-00309344-00309606 standard for i think for survey research
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01415-00309607-00309830 has done a lot of studying of this and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01416-00309831-00310039 they found that people who are active as
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01417-00310040-00310303 adults generally get interested
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01418-00310304-00310551 in middle school
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01419-00310552-00310703 and they remain that way then they
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01420-00310704-00310943 remain kind of committed citizens
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01421-00310944-00311119 throughout their lives so i think the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01422-00311120-00311303 sooner you get people engaged the better
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01423-00311304-00311391 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01424-00311392-00311558 i know members of congress would love
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01425-00311559-00311710 that too because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01426-00311711-00311854 you hate to go to a town meeting and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01427-00311855-00311999 have it the only people there are people
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01428-00312000-00312206 with an axe to grind you'd really like
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01429-00312207-00312343 people that are really interested in
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01430-00312344-00312575 getting something done at a town meeting
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01431-00312576-00312815 and not just cooks and pranks i'm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01432-00312816-00312991 speaking out completely as a former
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01433-00312992-00313239 member
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01434-00313240-00313423 congressman walker
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01435-00313424-00313663 with it sounds like a lot of the things
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01436-00313664-00313982 that you are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01437-00313983-00314271 able to talk about in terms of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01438-00314272-00314582 recommendations have to really get it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01439-00314583-00314847 get into the process
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01440-00314848-00315054 of legislation too
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01441-00315055-00315247 so we have from one that what the work
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01442-00315248-00315471 of the congress is and then how do we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01443-00315472-00315927 get the constituents to be involved
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01444-00315928-00316158 yeah at the end of the day
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01445-00316159-00316391 members of congress get elected
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01446-00316392-00316679 uh to to make a difference uh that's one
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01447-00316680-00316879 of the things that drives you to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01448-00316880-00317063 be willing to go out and do all the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01449-00317064-00317327 things you have to do in campaigns
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01450-00317328-00317687 uh and uh i get the feeling now that uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01451-00317688-00317927 a lot of people don't feel as though
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01452-00317928-00318095 they're making much of a difference that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01453-00318096-00318279 all the decisions are made in leadership
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01454-00318280-00318710 offices uh and uh that they uh get to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01455-00318711-00318847 come to the floor
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01456-00318848-00319095 and uh and cast a vote that's already
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01457-00319096-00319239 predetermined
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01458-00319240-00319679 uh so um i really do believe that uh it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01459-00319680-00319934 has
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01460-00319935-00320167 a negative effect on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01461-00320168-00320371 both the ability to achieve
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01462-00320372-00320671 bipartisanship but also has a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01463-00320672-00320910 detrimental impact on the whole business
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01464-00320911-00321119 of civility in the congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01465-00321120-00321327 because they just don't spend any time
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01466-00321328-00321463 together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01467-00321464-00321543 with
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01468-00321544-00321775 their bipartisan colleagues and i'm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01469-00321776-00321967 delighted to hear that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01470-00321968-00322110 the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01471-00322111-00322343 modernization committee has figured out
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01472-00322344-00322639 a way to uh to work together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01473-00322640-00322767 on all of this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01474-00322768-00323063 that's in fact the tradition of
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01475-00323064-00323271 of committees
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01476-00323272-00323391 as a whole
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01477-00323392-00323519 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01478-00323520-00323839 i think you really need to get back to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01479-00323840-00324030 that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01480-00324031-00324295 back to the work of congress and having
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01481-00324296-00324503 people have time to work together and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01482-00324504-00324767 not having to do and this has come up
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01483-00324768-00324951 with several of you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01484-00324952-00325167 the fundraising or the time that it
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01485-00325168-00325495 takes to do other things
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01486-00325496-00325751 i i don't know if my wi-fi is working if
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01487-00325752-00325951 you can hear me but i i
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01488-00325952-00326151 we can can you hear me okay
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01489-00326152-00326454 well so i i really agree with the uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01490-00326455-00326606 comment that congressman walker just
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01491-00326607-00326767 made uh
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01492-00326768-00326967 you know and it's it's more to it than
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01493-00326968-00327143 that too it's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01494-00327144-00327495 members need to feel a sense of efficacy
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01495-00327496-00327582 to ha
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01496-00327583-00327799 they want to have impact they're there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01497-00327800-00327999 to have impact and if they don't have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01498-00328000-00328127 impact
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01499-00328128-00328375 you see increased incivility i think you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01500-00328376-00328558 know members of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01501-00328559-00328799 are not dissimilar to the kilmer
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01502-00328800-00329006 family's new puppy you know if we don't
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01503-00329007-00329271 keep her constructively engaged
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01504-00329272-00329447 she chews the furniture
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01505-00329448-00329710 and you know if if we see too many
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01506-00329711-00329895 members of congress sort of sidelined
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01507-00329896-00330103 and not able to make a difference you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01508-00330104-00330287 see a fair amount of furniture chewing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01509-00330288-00330406 happening
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01510-00330407-00330482 on
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01511-00330483-00330999 both needs to be addressed and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01512-00331000-00331199 so useful work
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01513-00331200-00331382 uh and i'm looking at some of this
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01514-00331383-00331623 historic uh furniture in the members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01515-00331624-00331799 room where the members used to come and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01516-00331800-00332134 study so i i'm like whoa
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01517-00332135-00332278 but the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01518-00332279-00332503 getting the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01519-00332504-00332591 the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01520-00332592-00332782 congress to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01521-00332783-00332927 have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01522-00332928-00333282 their processes and the way that they do
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01523-00333283-00333543 work more productive
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01524-00333544-00333806 as well as meaningful for the members
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01525-00333807-00334095 themselves
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01526-00334096-00334230 where they know they're making a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01527-00334231-00334519 difference and those opportunities
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01528-00334520-00335063 to just be together
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01529-00335064-00335206 you're not going to do anything at the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01530-00335207-00335327 edges here
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01531-00335328-00335558 uh it it it means that you that you've
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01532-00335559-00335727 really got to have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01533-00335728-00336023 uh the systems in place that uh permit
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01534-00336024-00336175 the members to
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01535-00336176-00336382 to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01536-00336383-00336567 effectively engaged
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01537-00336568-00336734 well and i think you mentioned the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01538-00336735-00336943 authorizing committees they need to be
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01539-00336944-00337223 heeded i mean
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01540-00337224-00337358 they need to know when they authorize
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01541-00337359-00337495 something that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01542-00337496-00337734 it's important it's going to have impact
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01543-00337735-00337903 it's going to change lives and change
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01544-00337904-00338103 policy and it has
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01545-00338104-00338367 and it should have some decent
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01546-00338368-00338671 uh opportunity of funding
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01547-00338672-00338854 and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01548-00338855-00339030 i want to mention though before we
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01549-00339031-00339343 conclude to dr hayden to congratulate
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01550-00339344-00339471 you on the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01551-00339472-00339767 series you have years ago when i was a
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01552-00339768-00339958 young member i worked with a young staff
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01553-00339959-00340143 member in the white house
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01554-00340144-00340447 on a major policy matter his name is
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01555-00340448-00340678 david rubinstein
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01556-00340679-00340903 i know he hosts all those dinners for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01557-00340904-00341167 the members i trust members of both
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01558-00341168-00341399 parties gather and really
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01559-00341400-00341591 really enjoy them so i want to thank you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01560-00341592-00341775 on behalf of all my colleagues from
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01561-00341776-00341967 michigan
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01562-00341968-00342223 and i will relay that to him because
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01563-00342224-00342439 that's one of the things that he really
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01564-00342440-00342663 wanted to do to have the library he
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01565-00342664-00342878 believes in literacy and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01566-00342879-00343134 the library so much but he also believes
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01567-00343135-00343358 in it not just for the public but for
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01568-00343359-00343654 congress truly the library of congress
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01569-00343655-00344047 and to have this place in the same room
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01570-00344048-00344239 where members are
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01571-00344240-00344478 looking at the library's treasures based
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01572-00344479-00344719 on what's the author is talking about
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01573-00344720-00345023 but also to see the pairings
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01574-00345024-00345319 there's no furniture chewing
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01575-00345320-00345415 there's
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01576-00345416-00345727 but they you see unlikely pairings and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01577-00345728-00345982 you'll say but wait they just but there
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01578-00345983-00346254 they are talking and their spouses i'm
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01579-00346255-00346519 glad you mentioned the codels
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01580-00346520-00346791 so many times at those dinners when the
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01581-00346792-00347054 spouses and partners are talking they
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01582-00347055-00347282 talk about the trips that they took
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01583-00347283-00347623 together and how that led to a book club
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01584-00347624-00347839 or how that led to that so those trips
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01585-00347840-00348039 seem to be and that's people that have
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01586-00348040-00348134 worked
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01587-00348135-00348343 for decades
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01588-00348344-00348630 together so thank you for that
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01589-00348631-00348806 because it seems like this committee and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01590-00348807-00348999 we will be working with you and working
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01591-00349000-00349199 with the former members and the and our
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01592-00349200-00349454 partner of course the national archives
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01593-00349455-00349719 to help with this because history never
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01594-00349720-00350039 stops and you all are all part of it and
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01595-00350040-00350247 we're pleased to be part of it too so
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01596-00350248-00350391 good luck
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01597-00350392-00350758 to the committee in any way we can help
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01598-00350759-00351015 and thank all of you thank you
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01599-00351016-00351191 thank you thank you thank you so much
+t_ZiKcbE_f4-01600-00351192-00351531 for having us
+tCXoxak3d9U-00000-00000035-00000311 we are right at 421 so I will gavel us
+tCXoxak3d9U-00001-00000312-00000557 back in the open session turn this back
+tCXoxak3d9U-00002-00000558-00000749 over to Rudy
+tCXoxak3d9U-00003-00000750-00000952 okay we're going to have to we're going
+tCXoxak3d9U-00004-00000953-00001175 to attempt to change the order of things
+tCXoxak3d9U-00005-00001176-00001378 here to accommodate people's end-of-day
+tCXoxak3d9U-00006-00001379-00001481 schedule
+tCXoxak3d9U-00007-00001482-00002063 so Maya and Greta are you on the call
+tCXoxak3d9U-00008-00002064-00002297 yes we are thank you so much would you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00009-00002298-00002410 guys be willing to give your
+tCXoxak3d9U-00010-00002411-00002645 presentation now
+tCXoxak3d9U-00011-00002646-00002987 yes happy to do that okay so a brief
+tCXoxak3d9U-00012-00002988-00003173 introduction here we have four working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00013-00003174-00003515 groups of the council last September you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00014-00003515-00003743 heard for genomic from genomics and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00015-00003744-00003911 Society working group
+tCXoxak3d9U-00016-00003911-00004085 and we have three additional working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00017-00004086-00004229 groups that are all going to give a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00018-00004230-00004409 report today it's part of their
+tCXoxak3d9U-00019-00004410-00004636 requirement is to present to the entire
+tCXoxak3d9U-00020-00004637-00004756 Council
+tCXoxak3d9U-00021-00004757-00004931 so we're going to begin with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00022-00004932-00005188 community engagement working group and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00023-00005189-00005470 Maya sabatello and Greta goto our
+tCXoxak3d9U-00024-00005471-00005675 co-chairs of that group and they're
+tCXoxak3d9U-00025-00005676-00005951 going to share this presentation Maya
+tCXoxak3d9U-00026-00005952-00006179 are you leading off
+tCXoxak3d9U-00027-00006180-00006418 uh Greta is Greta and she's got this
+tCXoxak3d9U-00028-00006419-00006563 live stream lead on with the slides as
+tCXoxak3d9U-00029-00006564-00006719 well thank you great very good all right
+tCXoxak3d9U-00030-00006720-00006845 take it away
+tCXoxak3d9U-00031-00006845-00007001 all right I'm going to share a screen
+tCXoxak3d9U-00032-00007002-00007187 Rudy
+tCXoxak3d9U-00033-00007188-00007481 are you seeing slides yep very good
+tCXoxak3d9U-00034-00007481-00007870 perfect well thank you uh for the time
+tCXoxak3d9U-00035-00007872-00008134 on your agenda this afternoon we are
+tCXoxak3d9U-00036-00008136-00008309 very honored Maya and I are very honored
+tCXoxak3d9U-00037-00008310-00008537 to be with you today to share an update
+tCXoxak3d9U-00038-00008538-00008687 about the community engagement and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00039-00008688-00008885 genomics working group
+tCXoxak3d9U-00040-00008886-00009071 and we're very happy to share some of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00041-00009072-00009191 the activities that we've been working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00042-00009192-00009478 on since we met with you uh the last
+tCXoxak3d9U-00043-00009479-00009767 time in 2021 I can't believe it's
+tCXoxak3d9U-00044-00009768-00010003 already been that long
+tCXoxak3d9U-00045-00010004-00010396 uh as a brief recap especially for some
+tCXoxak3d9U-00046-00010397-00010577 of the newer members on the advisory
+tCXoxak3d9U-00047-00010578-00010817 Council the community engagement and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00048-00010818-00011123 genomics working group or segweg or
+tCXoxak3d9U-00049-00011124-00011356 working group is supported by staff from
+tCXoxak3d9U-00050-00011357-00011471 both the education and Community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00051-00011472-00011669 involvement branch and the training
+tCXoxak3d9U-00052-00011670-00011885 diversity and Health Equity office and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00053-00011886-00012046 we want to give a special shout out and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00054-00012047-00012299 thank you to Larry Brody and to Vince
+tCXoxak3d9U-00055-00012300-00012581 Bonham for all of their support and work
+tCXoxak3d9U-00056-00012582-00013115 with us on this on this uh very exciting
+tCXoxak3d9U-00057-00013116-00013355 um group that gets to work with each
+tCXoxak3d9U-00058-00013356-00013594 other our mission is to facilitate
+tCXoxak3d9U-00059-00013595-00013763 understanding and information between
+tCXoxak3d9U-00060-00013763-00014093 community and nhgri it is our hope that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00061-00014094-00014249 you'll see this mission is Alive and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00062-00014250-00014405 Well in the work that we'll be reporting
+tCXoxak3d9U-00063-00014406-00014905 on today
+tCXoxak3d9U-00064-00014906-00015244 thank you Greta so you know in the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00065-00015245-00015485 previous some of the goals that we've
+tCXoxak3d9U-00066-00015486-00015677 had in the past these are the goals
+tCXoxak3d9U-00067-00015678-00016001 generally for our committee and since we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00068-00016002-00016265 reported last in September of 2021 we've
+tCXoxak3d9U-00069-00016266-00016421 continued to work on the last three
+tCXoxak3d9U-00070-00016422-00016708 goals which are sort of giving some
+tCXoxak3d9U-00071-00016709-00017033 input about nhgri activities and their
+tCXoxak3d9U-00072-00017034-00017207 ability to reach all communities into
+tCXoxak3d9U-00073-00017208-00017489 christianomic literacy partnership with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00074-00017490-00017717 nhgri to build trust with communities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00075-00017718-00017927 and then the third Big Goal with to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00076-00017928-00018115 collaborate with other
+tCXoxak3d9U-00077-00018116-00018329 communities and egri and other
+tCXoxak3d9U-00078-00018330-00018749 institutes and centers that have a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00079-00018750-00018983 Synergy here and then we'll also share a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00080-00018984-00019121 little bit about the work that we're
+tCXoxak3d9U-00081-00019122-00019283 doing with regards to the first two
+tCXoxak3d9U-00082-00019284-00019457 goals which are to assess the gaps and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00083-00019458-00019619 needs of diverse communities related to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00084-00019620-00019847 genomics and genomic medicine as well as
+tCXoxak3d9U-00085-00019848-00020003 to develop programs and disseminating
+tCXoxak3d9U-00086-00020004-00020177 tools and resources to address
+tCXoxak3d9U-00087-00020178-00020567 identified gaps and needs
+tCXoxak3d9U-00088-00020568-00020783 the next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00089-00020784-00020999 thank you so we just want to briefly
+tCXoxak3d9U-00090-00021000-00021143 reintroduce ourselves to you too
+tCXoxak3d9U-00091-00021144-00021280 especially since there are some new
+tCXoxak3d9U-00092-00021281-00021630 members on the advisory Council
+tCXoxak3d9U-00093-00021631-00022049 Greta Anderson goto Julio
+tCXoxak3d9U-00094-00022050-00022313 my name is Greta goto and I am working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00095-00022314-00022499 and living on the traditional lands of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00096-00022500-00022678 the Janina athabascan and Anchorage
+tCXoxak3d9U-00097-00022679-00022961 Alaska I'm originally from choyong or
+tCXoxak3d9U-00098-00022962-00023135 Dillingham Alaska which is in Bristol
+tCXoxak3d9U-00099-00023136-00023285 Bay
+tCXoxak3d9U-00100-00023286-00023489 my professional experience includes
+tCXoxak3d9U-00101-00023490-00023677 non-profit and business administration
+tCXoxak3d9U-00102-00023678-00024011 community outreach research and project
+tCXoxak3d9U-00103-00024012-00024233 development strategic planning and board
+tCXoxak3d9U-00104-00024234-00024491 work I became involved with genetics
+tCXoxak3d9U-00105-00024492-00024694 when our older daughter was diagnosed
+tCXoxak3d9U-00106-00024695-00024977 with Prada Williams syndrome almost 26
+tCXoxak3d9U-00107-00024978-00025121 years ago
+tCXoxak3d9U-00108-00025122-00025414 uh and I've advocated for her and others
+tCXoxak3d9U-00109-00025415-00025577 who have rare diseases and that has what
+tCXoxak3d9U-00110-00025578-00025781 led has led me here to the Segway group
+tCXoxak3d9U-00111-00025782-00025906 and I'm very very thankful for the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00112-00025907-00026134 opportunity to serve Maya
+tCXoxak3d9U-00113-00026135-00026340 thank you so much
+tCXoxak3d9U-00114-00026341-00026567 I'm an associate professor of medical
+tCXoxak3d9U-00115-00026568-00026735 Sciences at the center for precision
+tCXoxak3d9U-00116-00026736-00026945 medicine and genomics and division of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00117-00026945-00027155 Ethics at Columbia University where I'm
+tCXoxak3d9U-00118-00027156-00027383 also serving as the coach chair of the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00119-00027383-00027568 Precision medicine ethics politics and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00120-00027569-00027820 culture project which aims to increase
+tCXoxak3d9U-00121-00027822-00028043 the dialogue the inter interdisciplinary
+tCXoxak3d9U-00122-00028044-00028187 dialogue about Precision medicine
+tCXoxak3d9U-00123-00028188-00028451 research my own work focuses on
+tCXoxak3d9U-00124-00028452-00028690 disability inclusion and Trust in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00125-00028691-00028949 Precision medicine research I have had
+tCXoxak3d9U-00126-00028950-00029152 more than two decades work with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00127-00029154-00029351 disability Community broadly defined and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00128-00029352-00029579 I'm also a member of that Community for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00129-00029580-00029718 quite a few years now
+tCXoxak3d9U-00130-00029719-00029962 without happy note we can move to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00131-00029963-00030389 introduce also our members Greta
+tCXoxak3d9U-00132-00030389-00030695 thanks Maya so we have 12 regular
+tCXoxak3d9U-00133-00030695-00030929 members and one ad hoc member membership
+tCXoxak3d9U-00134-00030930-00031108 on this working group is for two years
+tCXoxak3d9U-00135-00031110-00031331 and can be extended we currently have
+tCXoxak3d9U-00136-00031332-00031499 two open seats that would be will be
+tCXoxak3d9U-00137-00031500-00031757 filled in the next months this year as
+tCXoxak3d9U-00138-00031758-00031943 well we'll have a couple of members that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00139-00031944-00032170 need to rotate off they're a current
+tCXoxak3d9U-00140-00032172-00032314 membership
+tCXoxak3d9U-00141-00032316-00032567 um includes Becca Bacall from the Sinai
+tCXoxak3d9U-00142-00032568-00032849 Urban Health Institute in Chicago Kellen
+tCXoxak3d9U-00143-00032850-00033035 Baker with the Whitman Walker Institute
+tCXoxak3d9U-00144-00033036-00033371 in Washington DC Gwen Darien with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00145-00033372-00033568 national Patient Advocate Foundation in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00146-00033569-00033743 Washington DC and New York
+tCXoxak3d9U-00147-00033744-00034055 Gregory digs down with the University of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00148-00034056-00034259 California Irvine
+tCXoxak3d9U-00149-00034260-00034415 Brittany Hollister with the University
+tCXoxak3d9U-00150-00034416-00034631 of Florida genetics Institute and I
+tCXoxak3d9U-00151-00034632-00034774 think some of you will recognize her
+tCXoxak3d9U-00152-00034775-00034877 name
+tCXoxak3d9U-00153-00034878-00035135 Alma McCormick with the messengers for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00154-00035136-00035351 health with the crow tribal nation in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00155-00035352-00035471 Montana
+tCXoxak3d9U-00156-00035472-00035723 Ella green Moten with the community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00157-00035724-00036040 ethics Review Board in Flint Michigan
+tCXoxak3d9U-00158-00036041-00036359 Alicia Santiago from the National
+tCXoxak3d9U-00159-00036360-00036646 Science Foundation and Michael Hahn
+tCXoxak3d9U-00160-00036647-00036887 who's a tribal engagement lead at NIH
+tCXoxak3d9U-00161-00036888-00037139 for the all of us research program
+tCXoxak3d9U-00162-00037140-00037337 in addition the working group is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00163-00037338-00037687 regularly supported by NHS NIH staff
+tCXoxak3d9U-00164-00037688-00037943 Christina Dalton who is the partnership
+tCXoxak3d9U-00165-00037944-00038146 and engagement officer in the training
+tCXoxak3d9U-00166-00038147-00038380 diversity and Health Equity office and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00167-00038381-00038585 Belen Hurley who's an associate
+tCXoxak3d9U-00168-00038586-00038789 investigator in the division of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00169-00038790-00039065 intramural research other members of the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00170-00039066-00039317 nhgri education policy Branch also
+tCXoxak3d9U-00171-00039318-00039473 participate in our calls and helps
+tCXoxak3d9U-00172-00039474-00039701 support our work and those include Donna
+tCXoxak3d9U-00173-00039702-00039952 messersmith and Roseanne wise and then
+tCXoxak3d9U-00174-00039953-00040121 also from the office of communications
+tCXoxak3d9U-00175-00040122-00040367 Sarah Bates and Julia feces and we thank
+tCXoxak3d9U-00176-00040368-00040996 all of them for their help and support
+tCXoxak3d9U-00177-00040997-00041321 so in our previous reporting period we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00178-00041322-00041489 shared with you two papers that we've
+tCXoxak3d9U-00179-00041490-00041711 worked on uh at the time with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00180-00041712-00041909 working group and which both focused on
+tCXoxak3d9U-00181-00041910-00042155 structural racism and discussions in the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00182-00042156-00042280 context of genomics and precision
+tCXoxak3d9U-00183-00042281-00042502 medicine research that experience of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00184-00042503-00042749 writing two um two papers together
+tCXoxak3d9U-00185-00042750-00043030 really gave us a taste for maybe more
+tCXoxak3d9U-00186-00043031-00043205 and one of the things that came out of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00187-00043206-00043295 it is the importance of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00188-00043296-00043529 intersectionality so since then we've
+tCXoxak3d9U-00189-00043530-00043793 taken on two additional papers which are
+tCXoxak3d9U-00190-00043794-00044021 now working titles here and we're
+tCXoxak3d9U-00191-00044022-00044255 finalizing the first one which is on the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00192-00044256-00044446 need for intersectionality framework in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00193-00044447-00044717 Precision medicine research and the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00194-00044718-00044974 second paper is still underway and hope
+tCXoxak3d9U-00195-00044975-00045287 to be finalizing that as well soon any
+tCXoxak3d9U-00196-00045288-00045562 choice focuses on distrust in genomic
+tCXoxak3d9U-00197-00045563-00045718 medicine the need for an intersectional
+tCXoxak3d9U-00198-00045719-00045940 lens and again it looks into some of the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00199-00045941-00046157 issues that might come up
+tCXoxak3d9U-00200-00046158-00046277 um and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00201-00046278-00046524 um in how an intersectional framework
+tCXoxak3d9U-00202-00046525-00046877 May mitigate some of the challenges that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00203-00046878-00047045 patients are under are going to through
+tCXoxak3d9U-00204-00047046-00047261 so what is intersectionality and great
+tCXoxak3d9U-00205-00047262-00047458 if you can please do Best of the next
+tCXoxak3d9U-00206-00047459-00047729 slide so intersectionality is a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00207-00047730-00047873 framework for understanding and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00208-00047874-00048077 analyzing how multiple categories of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00209-00048078-00048317 socio-political identities shape and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00210-00048318-00048557 substantiate one another and how systems
+tCXoxak3d9U-00211-00048558-00048785 of power and privilege create and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00212-00048786-00048911 maintain leave the experiences of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00213-00048912-00049235 marginalization it originated by women
+tCXoxak3d9U-00214-00049236-00049540 of color during the 1960s and 70s and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00215-00049541-00049817 coined by Professor Kimberly Crenshaw
+tCXoxak3d9U-00216-00049818-00050015 it has several tenants that were
+tCXoxak3d9U-00217-00050016-00050171 particularly appealing for us as a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00218-00050172-00050386 committee the first one is that it views
+tCXoxak3d9U-00219-00050387-00050596 multiple overlapping such a political
+tCXoxak3d9U-00220-00050597-00050908 identities as mutually constituted not
+tCXoxak3d9U-00221-00050909-00051173 additive that is that the experiences of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00222-00051174-00051473 various isms such as racism sexism
+tCXoxak3d9U-00223-00051474-00051863 ableism and so forth intersect co-create
+tCXoxak3d9U-00224-00051864-00052126 and substantiate one another
+tCXoxak3d9U-00225-00052127-00052408 a second tenant of the intersectionality
+tCXoxak3d9U-00226-00052409-00052679 framework is that uh the intersectional
+tCXoxak3d9U-00227-00052679-00052888 research is inherently connected with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00228-00052889-00053069 Health Systems of power and privilege
+tCXoxak3d9U-00229-00053070-00053309 influence lived experiences create
+tCXoxak3d9U-00230-00053310-00053513 oppressed and marginalized populations
+tCXoxak3d9U-00231-00053514-00053741 and inform the conceptualization of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00232-00053741-00054023 socio-political identities and finally
+tCXoxak3d9U-00233-00054024-00054335 this framework is geared towards social
+tCXoxak3d9U-00234-00054336-00054592 justice and aims to identify actionable
+tCXoxak3d9U-00235-00054594-00054941 Solutions so both our papers take on to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00236-00054941-00055121 highlight how intersectionality is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00237-00055122-00055463 important and can be informative for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00238-00055464-00055649 respectively Precision medicine research
+tCXoxak3d9U-00239-00055650-00055954 and clinical genomic medicine with a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00240-00055955-00056137 ladder paper on genomic medicine
+tCXoxak3d9U-00241-00056138-00056380 actually also including a decision tree
+tCXoxak3d9U-00242-00056382-00056704 as an educational resources for readers
+tCXoxak3d9U-00243-00056705-00056909 and for clinicians to guide more
+tCXoxak3d9U-00244-00056910-00057250 Equitable genomic care
+tCXoxak3d9U-00245-00057251-00057526 next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00246-00057527-00057742 our second of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00247-00057744-00057971 or third sort of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00248-00057972-00058144 the second big project that we're
+tCXoxak3d9U-00249-00058145-00058450 focusing on aside from the papers uh is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00250-00058451-00058703 a work to think about
+tCXoxak3d9U-00251-00058704-00058900 um is a community outreach concept
+tCXoxak3d9U-00252-00058901-00059230 mapping effort and this project is aimed
+tCXoxak3d9U-00253-00059232-00059465 to identify communities that should be
+tCXoxak3d9U-00254-00059466-00059657 engaged by nhgri and or those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00255-00059658-00059813 communities that need more opportunities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00256-00059814-00060161 to engage with nhgri this topic has come
+tCXoxak3d9U-00257-00060162-00060304 up in many of our meetings and in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00258-00060305-00060503 discussions with leadership at nhgri as
+tCXoxak3d9U-00259-00060504-00060785 well and the overarching questions and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00260-00060786-00061073 purpose of these questions included what
+tCXoxak3d9U-00261-00061074-00061403 does our committee know about which
+tCXoxak3d9U-00262-00061404-00061649 communities need more opportunities to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00263-00061650-00061876 hear from any gri and the other way
+tCXoxak3d9U-00264-00061877-00061966 around
+tCXoxak3d9U-00265-00061967-00062242 as well as given editoris Mission how
+tCXoxak3d9U-00266-00062244-00062441 should the Institute partner to expand
+tCXoxak3d9U-00267-00062441-00062692 the reach of nhgri to those communities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00268-00062694-00062861 that haven't received as much attention
+tCXoxak3d9U-00269-00062862-00063191 to date and how might our committee help
+tCXoxak3d9U-00270-00063191-00063419 energyri think about how the Institute
+tCXoxak3d9U-00271-00063420-00063676 engages different communities how can we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00272-00063677-00063916 make it in a way that is responsive to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00273-00063917-00064169 the community needs so we've taken on a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00274-00064170-00064576 concept A mapping visual exercise if you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00275-00064577-00064750 will which kind of Builds on the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00276-00064751-00064913 research methods that's called concept
+tCXoxak3d9U-00277-00064914-00065069 mapping but here we're doing just the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00278-00065070-00065315 brain brainstorming part of it of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00279-00065316-00065503 actually trying to identify together
+tCXoxak3d9U-00280-00065504-00065800 those missed communities and the ways
+tCXoxak3d9U-00281-00065801-00066035 that we can approach them so the prompts
+tCXoxak3d9U-00282-00066036-00066238 that you can see on the slider
+tCXoxak3d9U-00283-00066239-00066400 essentially the quick questions that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00284-00066401-00066635 we've had asked the community members in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00285-00066636-00066838 a meeting in meetings and it's an a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00286-00066839-00067055 terrible process so we started with one
+tCXoxak3d9U-00287-00067056-00067247 community that nadri should approach is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00288-00067248-00067523 and everyone is responding was responded
+tCXoxak3d9U-00289-00067524-00067750 to that followed by one sub community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00290-00067751-00068021 that energy should bring attention to is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00291-00068022-00068219 and a part of the ideas of course that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00292-00068220-00068447 also within communities there never had
+tCXoxak3d9U-00293-00068448-00068626 they're never homogeneous if you're
+tCXoxak3d9U-00294-00068627-00068765 looking into African-American
+tCXoxak3d9U-00295-00068766-00068963 communities they're not one single voice
+tCXoxak3d9U-00296-00068964-00069161 there's so many intersections within
+tCXoxak3d9U-00297-00069162-00069263 them so
+tCXoxak3d9U-00298-00069264-00069425 um we wanted to look into those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00299-00069426-00069694 intersections the sub communities within
+tCXoxak3d9U-00300-00069695-00069899 the larger community and then the ways
+tCXoxak3d9U-00301-00069900-00070061 that any dry can approach these
+tCXoxak3d9U-00302-00070062-00070276 communities uh is and again trying to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00303-00070277-00070456 get more responses to that and I'll say
+tCXoxak3d9U-00304-00070457-00070661 beforehand that you know we'd be happy
+tCXoxak3d9U-00305-00070662-00070841 to hear more prompts if that might be
+tCXoxak3d9U-00306-00070842-00071003 helpful we're still in the process of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00307-00071004-00071188 fleshing out some of the details but
+tCXoxak3d9U-00308-00071189-00071417 thinking about the the the little things
+tCXoxak3d9U-00309-00071418-00071615 that we still want to move forward what
+tCXoxak3d9U-00310-00071616-00071800 we're missing and again thinking how to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00311-00071801-00072287 move forward with that next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00312-00072288-00072526 so I've been following on what Maya just
+tCXoxak3d9U-00313-00072527-00072844 described some of the responses that we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00314-00072845-00073091 got not some the responses that we did
+tCXoxak3d9U-00315-00073092-00073319 get from our our community uh working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00316-00073320-00073637 group was looking at all of these
+tCXoxak3d9U-00317-00073638-00073763 different communities and we're looking
+tCXoxak3d9U-00318-00073764-00073961 at it under the umbrella of medically
+tCXoxak3d9U-00319-00073962-00074094 underserved
+tCXoxak3d9U-00320-00074095-00074315 you might recall that the U.S health
+tCXoxak3d9U-00321-00074316-00074513 services Administration designates
+tCXoxak3d9U-00322-00074514-00074735 medically undeserved as areas or
+tCXoxak3d9U-00323-00074736-00074969 populations that have too few Primary
+tCXoxak3d9U-00324-00074970-00075232 Care Providers High infant mortality
+tCXoxak3d9U-00325-00075233-00075532 rates High poverty or a high elderly
+tCXoxak3d9U-00326-00075533-00075682 population
+tCXoxak3d9U-00327-00075683-00075893 so we believe using the medically
+tCXoxak3d9U-00328-00075894-00076079 underserved is kind of our overarching
+tCXoxak3d9U-00329-00076080-00076349 umbrella in in this instance
+tCXoxak3d9U-00330-00076350-00076517 um as an approach can reach a large
+tCXoxak3d9U-00331-00076518-00076655 number of the people and communities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00332-00076656-00076912 that we're talking about and and really
+tCXoxak3d9U-00333-00076913-00077129 looking at intersectionality as the lens
+tCXoxak3d9U-00334-00077130-00077338 through which we're we're identifying
+tCXoxak3d9U-00335-00077339-00077579 this in our preliminary results the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00336-00077580-00077723 working group identified several
+tCXoxak3d9U-00337-00077724-00077903 communities such as
+tCXoxak3d9U-00338-00077904-00078094 um African-American black American
+tCXoxak3d9U-00339-00078095-00078329 Indian Alaska native people with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00340-00078330-00078599 disability native Hawaiians immigrants
+tCXoxak3d9U-00341-00078600-00078850 homeless individuals with limited
+tCXoxak3d9U-00342-00078851-00079165 English proficiency Inner City
+tCXoxak3d9U-00343-00079166-00079571 lgbtqia Plus mixed race by cultural rare
+tCXoxak3d9U-00344-00079572-00079829 disease rural native Hawaiians and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00345-00079830-00080075 persons living in U.S territories
+tCXoxak3d9U-00346-00080076-00080303 again our group believes that mapping
+tCXoxak3d9U-00347-00080304-00080441 this can help illustrate the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00348-00080442-00080675 intersectionality complexities and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00349-00080676-00080825 underscore the need to work with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00350-00080826-00081112 patients within a community on a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00351-00081113-00081317 one-on-one basis and get to know them
+tCXoxak3d9U-00352-00081318-00081694 and their needs
+tCXoxak3d9U-00353-00081695-00081862 so we're hoping we're going to share
+tCXoxak3d9U-00354-00081863-00082049 three examples of the working visuals
+tCXoxak3d9U-00355-00082050-00082265 that we're designing based on the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00356-00082266-00082438 results of the working group discussions
+tCXoxak3d9U-00357-00082439-00082661 and again we'd welcome suggestions the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00358-00082662-00082871 first uh work that we want to share is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00359-00082872-00083171 about people with disabilities of course
+tCXoxak3d9U-00360-00083172-00083387 people with disabilities is one of these
+tCXoxak3d9U-00361-00083388-00083543 cross
+tCXoxak3d9U-00362-00083544-00083825 a universal phenomenon that cuts across
+tCXoxak3d9U-00363-00083826-00084173 all other demographic categories
+tCXoxak3d9U-00364-00084174-00084376 um and so what we're trying to first of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00365-00084377-00084521 all convey is that we're thinking about
+tCXoxak3d9U-00366-00084522-00084682 people with disabilities we're thinking
+tCXoxak3d9U-00367-00084683-00084947 about diverse sub-communities within the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00368-00084948-00085109 disability Community including those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00369-00085110-00085306 with genetic as well as those with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00370-00085307-00085541 non-genetic causes of disability uh
+tCXoxak3d9U-00371-00085542-00085715 we're looking at communities where the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00372-00085716-00085961 diverse issues of identity or medical
+tCXoxak3d9U-00373-00085962-00086153 needs and we're looking at those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00374-00086154-00086417 intersections again with race age gender
+tCXoxak3d9U-00375-00086418-00086603 ethnicity and these are some of some of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00376-00086604-00086825 the intersections that exist I will say
+tCXoxak3d9U-00377-00086826-00087059 that of course although disability is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00378-00087060-00087250 universal phenomenon there's far higher
+tCXoxak3d9U-00379-00087251-00087450 prevalence of disability among
+tCXoxak3d9U-00380-00087451-00087700 marginalized racial and ethnic as well
+tCXoxak3d9U-00381-00087701-00087875 as gender groups because of structural
+tCXoxak3d9U-00382-00087876-00088168 racism and discrimination so that was
+tCXoxak3d9U-00383-00088169-00088438 kind of the initial mapping that we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00384-00088439-00088637 wanted to think about and then from
+tCXoxak3d9U-00385-00088638-00088882 those little sub communities that we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00386-00088883-00089032 were thinking about we tried to think
+tCXoxak3d9U-00387-00089033-00089225 about what are the ways in which nhri
+tCXoxak3d9U-00388-00089226-00089382 can be
+tCXoxak3d9U-00389-00089383-00089662 more involved in including and engaging
+tCXoxak3d9U-00390-00089663-00089843 the community so first thing is to think
+tCXoxak3d9U-00391-00089844-00090097 about inclusive studies requiring data
+tCXoxak3d9U-00392-00090098-00090376 collection about disability studies that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00393-00090377-00090671 is usually not not in existence in most
+tCXoxak3d9U-00394-00090672-00090887 studies but also creating studies that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00395-00090888-00091049 follow principles of Universal Design
+tCXoxak3d9U-00396-00091050-00091223 ensuring that they are accessible and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00397-00091224-00091421 inclusive are called participants and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00398-00091422-00091576 trying to think about the idea that we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00399-00091577-00091744 can exclude participants not just
+tCXoxak3d9U-00400-00091745-00091912 directly by telling them that not
+tCXoxak3d9U-00401-00091913-00092153 eligible but actually by ensuring that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00402-00092154-00092375 we're that we're not excluding them
+tCXoxak3d9U-00403-00092376-00092615 indirectly by simply not making studies
+tCXoxak3d9U-00404-00092616-00092885 accessible to them we also wanted to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00405-00092886-00093173 highlight the need for researchers to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00406-00093174-00093467 have disability cultural competency and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00407-00093468-00093647 the idea that we have to learn to speak
+tCXoxak3d9U-00408-00093648-00093815 the language that many people with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00409-00093816-00094067 disabilities prefer use and find not
+tCXoxak3d9U-00410-00094068-00094253 offensive
+tCXoxak3d9U-00411-00094254-00094565 um we have the not in addition to think
+tCXoxak3d9U-00412-00094566-00094829 about how do we train and develop
+tCXoxak3d9U-00413-00094830-00095129 Workforce that is diverse both in terms
+tCXoxak3d9U-00414-00095130-00095326 of again training researchers training
+tCXoxak3d9U-00415-00095327-00095488 the the existing Workforce for that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00416-00095489-00095771 diversity but also thinking about how do
+tCXoxak3d9U-00417-00095772-00095944 we increase the workforce of people with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00418-00095945-00096143 disabilities as researchers which is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00419-00096144-00096359 something that um that is still a little
+tCXoxak3d9U-00420-00096360-00096562 bit behind
+tCXoxak3d9U-00421-00096563-00096749 um and then in terms of researchers you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00422-00096750-00096899 know thinking about how can they start
+tCXoxak3d9U-00423-00096900-00097043 approaching to those disability
+tCXoxak3d9U-00424-00097044-00097229 communities I think one of the key
+tCXoxak3d9U-00425-00097230-00097426 issues that comes up in my research for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00426-00097427-00097582 sure but in other conversations with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00427-00097583-00097750 those communities is the need for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00428-00097751-00097925 personal contact really the question of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00429-00097926-00098111 trust how do we build that trust and how
+tCXoxak3d9U-00430-00098112-00098261 do we make sure that we're implementing
+tCXoxak3d9U-00431-00098262-00098543 just a trustworthy steps in every step
+tCXoxak3d9U-00432-00098544-00098717 of the research design planning
+tCXoxak3d9U-00433-00098718-00098926 implementation and so forth and then
+tCXoxak3d9U-00434-00098927-00099082 thinking about where do we want to meet
+tCXoxak3d9U-00435-00099083-00099293 those communities whether it is in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00436-00099294-00099443 research settings or in other
+tCXoxak3d9U-00437-00099444-00099659 non-clinical and research settings which
+tCXoxak3d9U-00438-00099660-00099821 actually might be more accessible for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00439-00099822-00100031 members of that community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00440-00100032-00100432 next slide
+tCXoxak3d9U-00441-00100433-00100685 so our next example of a community that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00442-00100686-00100955 nhgi should approach is the lgbtqia
+tCXoxak3d9U-00443-00100956-00101105 community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00444-00101106-00101368 I want to credit uh Kellen Baker for
+tCXoxak3d9U-00445-00101369-00101543 providing this
+tCXoxak3d9U-00446-00101544-00101771 well-rounded information for us and I
+tCXoxak3d9U-00447-00101772-00101981 hope I can do it justice
+tCXoxak3d9U-00448-00101982-00102401 so looking at the lgbtqi community as a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00449-00102402-00102586 whole kind of following along the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00450-00102588-00102828 example that Maya just just presented
+tCXoxak3d9U-00451-00102829-00103103 some of the the sub communities under
+tCXoxak3d9U-00452-00103104-00103282 this larger Community would include
+tCXoxak3d9U-00453-00103283-00103421 transgender
+tCXoxak3d9U-00454-00103422-00103684 people with intersex variations and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00455-00103685-00103984 same-sex parents and again then those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00456-00103985-00104201 larger intersectionalities would include
+tCXoxak3d9U-00457-00104202-00104434 people of color age socioeconomic status
+tCXoxak3d9U-00458-00104435-00104710 limited or non-english speakers those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00459-00104711-00104897 that live in rural areas or that have
+tCXoxak3d9U-00460-00104898-00105107 disabilities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00461-00105108-00105310 that's the intersectionality piece and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00462-00105311-00105454 where things can get very complicated
+tCXoxak3d9U-00463-00105455-00105851 very quickly but like my also said
+tCXoxak3d9U-00464-00105852-00106115 approaches to align
+tCXoxak3d9U-00465-00106116-00106360 um these intersectionalities with this
+tCXoxak3d9U-00466-00106361-00106523 larger community in the sub communities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00467-00106524-00106751 and approaches to working with these
+tCXoxak3d9U-00468-00106752-00107008 different communities nhgri could work
+tCXoxak3d9U-00469-00107009-00107266 with the iscc peg to develop and publish
+tCXoxak3d9U-00470-00107267-00107549 resources for genome.gov
+tCXoxak3d9U-00471-00107550-00107825 could also host a symposium on lgbtq
+tCXoxak3d9U-00472-00107826-00108034 issues in genomic research and medicine
+tCXoxak3d9U-00473-00108035-00108286 or push for the collection of sexual
+tCXoxak3d9U-00474-00108288-00108527 orientation gender identity and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00475-00108528-00108754 variations in sex characteristics data
+tCXoxak3d9U-00476-00108755-00109108 on studies that are supported by nhgri
+tCXoxak3d9U-00477-00109109-00109469 and finally nhgri could require that its
+tCXoxak3d9U-00478-00109470-00109660 supported studies also include these
+tCXoxak3d9U-00479-00109661-00109943 populations to or to justify why they
+tCXoxak3d9U-00480-00109944-00110369 might be excluded
+tCXoxak3d9U-00481-00110370-00110597 the third Community or third example
+tCXoxak3d9U-00482-00110598-00110849 that we want to provide is illustrating
+tCXoxak3d9U-00483-00110850-00111089 approaches to indigenous communities and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00484-00111090-00111269 I think it's important here that we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00485-00111270-00111469 don't forget that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00486-00111470-00111760 indigenous communities can include those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00487-00111761-00111934 that are coming to our country or from
+tCXoxak3d9U-00488-00111935-00112271 other countries and immigrant status or
+tCXoxak3d9U-00489-00112272-00112547 or as being persecuted in their own home
+tCXoxak3d9U-00490-00112548-00112678 countries
+tCXoxak3d9U-00491-00112679-00112978 so as one example of a sub-community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00492-00112979-00113260 within indigenous communities we could
+tCXoxak3d9U-00493-00113261-00113608 look at the 574 U.S federally recognized
+tCXoxak3d9U-00494-00113609-00113710 tribes
+tCXoxak3d9U-00495-00113711-00114004 now that that's a big mouthful there and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00496-00114005-00114508 one tribe within the 574 might require a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00497-00114509-00114815 different type of approach and and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00498-00114816-00115078 um just because of cultural uh
+tCXoxak3d9U-00499-00115079-00115540 differences among the tribes
+tCXoxak3d9U-00500-00115541-00115799 a general approach again recognizing
+tCXoxak3d9U-00501-00115800-00115913 these tribes with those
+tCXoxak3d9U-00502-00115914-00116063 intersectionalities that we've already
+tCXoxak3d9U-00503-00116064-00116275 discussed around language homelessness
+tCXoxak3d9U-00504-00116276-00116704 being Urban or a rural community member
+tCXoxak3d9U-00505-00116705-00117004 of a tribe to the spirit if you're a
+tCXoxak3d9U-00506-00117005-00117197 mixed race or bicultural if you have
+tCXoxak3d9U-00507-00117198-00117473 other disease that might be going on
+tCXoxak3d9U-00508-00117474-00117581 um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00509-00117582-00117790 and whether or not you might be a first
+tCXoxak3d9U-00510-00117791-00117983 language speaker
+tCXoxak3d9U-00511-00117983-00118252 and in this preliminary review
+tCXoxak3d9U-00512-00118253-00118465 um what we got back from our community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00513-00118466-00118757 engagement working group was that kind
+tCXoxak3d9U-00514-00118758-00118901 of really looking at the researchers
+tCXoxak3d9U-00515-00118902-00119033 first
+tCXoxak3d9U-00516-00119033-00119471 um and one of the the big one one area
+tCXoxak3d9U-00517-00119472-00119723 where our our um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00518-00119724-00120119 working group reflected on is how might
+tCXoxak3d9U-00519-00120120-00120473 a researcher approach a community and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00520-00120474-00120671 initially reaching out via personal
+tCXoxak3d9U-00521-00120672-00120893 contact either the Indian Health Service
+tCXoxak3d9U-00522-00120894-00121073 clinic or tribal clinic on the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00523-00121074-00121331 reservation to ask if a genomics
+tCXoxak3d9U-00524-00121332-00121510 research project is something that that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00525-00121511-00121666 Community might feel important or
+tCXoxak3d9U-00526-00121667-00121865 beneficial to their members
+tCXoxak3d9U-00527-00121866-00122063 if the clinic Personnel are interested
+tCXoxak3d9U-00528-00122064-00122254 then they could identify a community
+tCXoxak3d9U-00529-00122255-00122452 liaison within that Community someone
+tCXoxak3d9U-00530-00122453-00122651 that the community members feel is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00531-00122652-00122866 trustworthy that has established
+tCXoxak3d9U-00532-00122867-00123040 integrity and is knowledgeable of the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00533-00123041-00123221 culture I think we heard a little bit
+tCXoxak3d9U-00534-00123222-00123581 about that earlier with um uh Dr
+tCXoxak3d9U-00535-00123582-00123893 McCartney in her presentation with Dr
+tCXoxak3d9U-00536-00123894-00124043 Greene
+tCXoxak3d9U-00537-00124044-00124258 so finally the community liaison would
+tCXoxak3d9U-00538-00124259-00124427 take a lead to guide the approach that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00539-00124428-00124619 would be most culturally respectful and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00540-00124620-00124733 appropriate
+tCXoxak3d9U-00541-00124733-00125002 and one of the big recommendations is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00542-00125003-00125207 that the researcher actually go out into
+tCXoxak3d9U-00543-00125208-00125501 the community in person to establish
+tCXoxak3d9U-00544-00125502-00125771 Rapport and a relationship with with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00545-00125772-00125921 people before sharing any information
+tCXoxak3d9U-00546-00125922-00126233 about genomics and I think um you can
+tCXoxak3d9U-00547-00126233-00126358 kind of see across these different
+tCXoxak3d9U-00548-00126359-00126521 approaches that there are some some
+tCXoxak3d9U-00549-00126522-00127102 pretty significant similarities
+tCXoxak3d9U-00550-00127103-00127319 may I do want to wrap up our that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00551-00127320-00127607 project yes so in wrapping up our report
+tCXoxak3d9U-00552-00127608-00127763 we wanted to share also some of the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00553-00127764-00127919 Outreach and collaborations that members
+tCXoxak3d9U-00554-00127920-00128243 of our committee have been involved with
+tCXoxak3d9U-00555-00128244-00128501 um some of them have been mentioned in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00556-00128502-00128758 today's conversation already but again
+tCXoxak3d9U-00557-00128759-00128933 are members of the committee have the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00558-00128933-00129095 opportunity and honor to be on some of
+tCXoxak3d9U-00559-00129096-00129316 them and we're really grateful for that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00560-00129317-00129569 so gwendarian Kellen Baker and Greta
+tCXoxak3d9U-00561-00129570-00129743 gato were all presenters at the national
+tCXoxak3d9U-00562-00129744-00129977 academies of science engineering in um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00563-00129978-00130252 in medicine workshop on realizing the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00564-00130253-00130408 potential of genomics across the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00565-00130409-00130643 continuation of precision Healthcare
+tCXoxak3d9U-00566-00130644-00130901 Ella green Moten was elected to be the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00567-00130902-00131057 president of the American Public Health
+tCXoxak3d9U-00568-00131058-00131485 Association I was involved to in in the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00569-00131486-00131801 ashg's development of the guidance on
+tCXoxak3d9U-00570-00131802-00131999 community engagement as well as uh at
+tCXoxak3d9U-00571-00132000-00132209 nhgi Symposium on disability and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00572-00132210-00132352 genomics
+tCXoxak3d9U-00573-00132353-00132628 um and both Ellen Kellen Baker and I um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00574-00132629-00132977 are also members of the nhgi iscc Peg
+tCXoxak3d9U-00575-00132978-00133187 and we're both co-chairs of different
+tCXoxak3d9U-00576-00133188-00133493 groups uh kelman is leading a working
+tCXoxak3d9U-00577-00133494-00133775 group on gender identity and equity and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00578-00133776-00133969 I'm working with shamita
+tCXoxak3d9U-00579-00133970-00134285 descupta on disability bias in the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00580-00134286-00134519 project inclusion as well
+tCXoxak3d9U-00581-00134520-00134711 next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00582-00134712-00134995 so this is just our contact information
+tCXoxak3d9U-00583-00134996-00135323 uh as well as again shout outs again to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00584-00135324-00135539 our awesome legends Christine and Bellen
+tCXoxak3d9U-00585-00135540-00135725 and we want to thank you for the time
+tCXoxak3d9U-00586-00135726-00135947 and efforts uh to Shepherd and Stuart
+tCXoxak3d9U-00587-00135948-00136259 and Stewart the committee uh its members
+tCXoxak3d9U-00588-00136260-00136457 and our work
+tCXoxak3d9U-00589-00136458-00136693 next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00590-00136694-00137021 we do want to acknowledge and pay
+tCXoxak3d9U-00591-00137022-00137213 special tribute to our dear colleague
+tCXoxak3d9U-00592-00137214-00137537 and friend in longest time working group
+tCXoxak3d9U-00593-00137538-00137759 member Mary Jackson's frog games who
+tCXoxak3d9U-00594-00137760-00138016 passed away last year the working group
+tCXoxak3d9U-00595-00138017-00138245 will be dedicating a work this year our
+tCXoxak3d9U-00596-00138246-00138551 papers on intersectionalities to her and
+tCXoxak3d9U-00597-00138552-00138766 in memory of her good work and we really
+tCXoxak3d9U-00598-00138767-00138928 appreciated the opportunity to meet her
+tCXoxak3d9U-00599-00138929-00139163 as part of this working group as well
+tCXoxak3d9U-00600-00139164-00139361 next slide please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00601-00139362-00139589 so I just want to thank uh Greta here
+tCXoxak3d9U-00602-00139590-00139871 for passing along the slides uh thank
+tCXoxak3d9U-00603-00139872-00140033 you everyone the council members and the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00604-00140034-00140249 leadership of nhri for your time in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00605-00140250-00140435 align space in the agenda to share our
+tCXoxak3d9U-00606-00140436-00140693 work with you this afternoon uh thank
+tCXoxak3d9U-00607-00140694-00140897 you for the support in our work we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00608-00140898-00141233 appreciate it so much thank you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00609-00141234-00141419 our thanks to both of you for that
+tCXoxak3d9U-00610-00141420-00141628 presentation uh council do you have any
+tCXoxak3d9U-00611-00141629-00142714 questions for either of the co-chairs
+tCXoxak3d9U-00612-00142715-00143075 all right Maya and Oak lens
+tCXoxak3d9U-00613-00143076-00143345 oh if takar
+tCXoxak3d9U-00614-00143346-00143657 I I just wanted to express my gratitude
+tCXoxak3d9U-00615-00143658-00143843 for all the work that's being done I
+tCXoxak3d9U-00616-00143844-00144016 think it's incredibly important thank
+tCXoxak3d9U-00617-00144017-00144214 you and um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00618-00144215-00144407 I think some of the resources you listed
+tCXoxak3d9U-00619-00144408-00144599 would be very useful for those of us who
+tCXoxak3d9U-00620-00144600-00144773 might be contemplating
+tCXoxak3d9U-00621-00144774-00145139 engaging with the minority populations
+tCXoxak3d9U-00622-00145140-00145228 um
+tCXoxak3d9U-00623-00145229-00145469 I think the recent asrg document I
+tCXoxak3d9U-00624-00145470-00145704 thought was very useful
+tCXoxak3d9U-00625-00145705-00145931 that's just come out I think the last
+tCXoxak3d9U-00626-00145932-00146081 couple of months
+tCXoxak3d9U-00627-00146082-00146297 so I I think it's such an incredibly
+tCXoxak3d9U-00628-00146298-00146597 important area for all of us thank you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00629-00146598-00146771 thank you so much
+tCXoxak3d9U-00630-00146772-00147011 thank you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00631-00147012-00147227 did you have a comment or you okay all
+tCXoxak3d9U-00632-00147228-00147616 right great oh Laura please
+tCXoxak3d9U-00633-00147617-00147935 yes I also want to say thank you for all
+tCXoxak3d9U-00634-00147936-00148109 this work and just
+tCXoxak3d9U-00635-00148110-00148361 um you know how I'm not sure I want to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00636-00148362-00148516 kind of ask the question in general
+tCXoxak3d9U-00637-00148517-00148637 which is
+tCXoxak3d9U-00638-00148638-00148835 um you know there's mcats which is a lot
+tCXoxak3d9U-00639-00148836-00149147 of community engaged research also in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00640-00149148-00149351 how can we Leverage
+tCXoxak3d9U-00641-00149352-00149537 everything that's happening with the
+tCXoxak3d9U-00642-00149538-00149759 ctsas
+tCXoxak3d9U-00643-00149760-00149987 um to help with the genomic research
+tCXoxak3d9U-00644-00149988-00150149 also
+tCXoxak3d9U-00645-00150150-00150328 you know that's a great question and I
+tCXoxak3d9U-00646-00150329-00150425 think
+tCXoxak3d9U-00647-00150426-00150616 um you know when
+tCXoxak3d9U-00648-00150617-00150766 I think we're planning to have an
+tCXoxak3d9U-00649-00150767-00151090 in-person meeting in May and I think we
+tCXoxak3d9U-00650-00151091-00151264 can definitely add that to the agenda in
+tCXoxak3d9U-00651-00151265-00151457 terms of even meeting with the leads
+tCXoxak3d9U-00652-00151458-00151733 perhaps of ncat and again trying to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00653-00151734-00151921 think about synergies and collaborations
+tCXoxak3d9U-00654-00151922-00152177 that's a great suggestion thank you so
+tCXoxak3d9U-00655-00152178-00153035 much
+tCXoxak3d9U-00656-00153036-00153239 Gerald can I have the larger screen to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00657-00153240-00153701 see if others have questions thank you
+tCXoxak3d9U-00658-00153702-00154019 okay Maya and Greta thank you very much
+tCXoxak3d9U-00659-00154020-00154235 we appreciate you taking the time to
+tCXoxak3d9U-00660-00154236-00154576 develop this presentation for Council
+tCXoxak3d9U-00661-00154577-00154838 thank you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00000-00002343-00002526 after talking about magnetism in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00001-00002527-00002671 nanoparticles
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00002-00002672-00002847 let us take up the topic of magnetism in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00003-00002848-00003039 clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00004-00003040-00003231 early on we had said that we could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00005-00003232-00003447 actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00006-00003447-00003622 divide
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00007-00003623-00003838 into materials into three size regimes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00008-00003839-00004086 one is what we call small clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00009-00004087-00004295 one we call large clusters and one we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00010-00004296-00004447 call nano crystals
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00011-00004448-00004679 and this division of properties was
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00012-00004680-00004959 based on a variation of a property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00013-00004960-00005175 and with the vertical addition of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00014-00005176-00005447 removal of more number of atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00015-00005448-00005575 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00016-00005576-00005847 in fact magnetism in some sense is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00017-00005848-00006038 ideal property to make this kind of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00018-00006039-00006279 distinction between what you might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00019-00006280-00006550 a small cluster a large cluster and a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00020-00006551-00006678 nano crystal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00021-00006679-00006870 we said that clusters or small clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00022-00006872-00007095 are that size regime where in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00023-00007095-00007414 addition or removal of a mere atom can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00024-00007415-00007639 cause a large variation in the property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00025-00007640-00007783 and here of course we are talking about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00026-00007784-00008046 a property like a ferromagnetic property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00027-00008047-00008383 of a cluster of atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00028-00008384-00008591 this is important node because even you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00029-00008592-00008783 are in the nano crystal size regime a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00030-00008784-00009014 mere addition of oromo of atom does not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00031-00009015-00009206 cause a serious change in the properties
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00032-00009207-00009374 in other words there is a small change
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00033-00009375-00009487 but that is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00034-00009488-00009646 not significant with respect to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00035-00009647-00009863 already existing value of the property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00036-00009864-00010063 so these clusters are size regimes which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00037-00010064-00010310 are usually small and less than about 5
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00038-00010311-00010527 nanometers typically we want to consider
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00039-00010528-00010695 clusters wherein we can actually count
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00040-00010696-00010863 the number of atoms like a 13 atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00041-00010864-00011103 cluster or a 25 atom cluster or a 50
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00042-00011104-00011295 atom cluster so these are the real size
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00043-00011296-00011463 regimes or clusters wherein we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00044-00011464-00011719 really interested and in the limit what
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00045-00011720-00011903 you may call in the large size limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00046-00011904-00012119 what we obtain is called the bulk limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00047-00012120-00012319 wherein you consider a large nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00048-00012320-00012503 crystal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00049-00012504-00012695 now when you are talking about magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00050-00012696-00012863 behavior or ferromagnetic behavior of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00051-00012863-00013071 clusters a few important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00052-00013072-00013279 points have to be kept in mind this is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00053-00013280-00013494 of course the atomic structure and here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00054-00013495-00013743 we may note that this atomic structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00055-00013744-00013886 need not be crystalline in other words
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00056-00013887-00014063 this could just be a cluster which has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00057-00014063-00014238 its own structure and this is not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00058-00014240-00014415 necessarily a crystalline kind of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00059-00014416-00014583 structure we have to worry about the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00060-00014584-00014791 nearest neighbor atom distance in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00061-00014791-00014966 cluster and of course there could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00062-00014968-00015143 more than one nearest neighbor distance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00063-00015144-00015399 depending of the size of the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00064-00015400-00015519 of course there could be one nearest
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00065-00015519-00015638 neighbor there could be one other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00066-00015640-00015758 distance which is very close to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00067-00015759-00015927 nearest neighbor distance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00068-00015928-00016094 then of course the purity and the defect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00069-00016095-00016238 structure of the cluster is also very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00070-00016240-00016439 very important because manufacturing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00071-00016440-00016663 some of these clusters is very difficult
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00072-00016664-00016958 and getting right number of atoms um and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00073-00016959-00017094 later on of course separating those
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00074-00017095-00017311 clusters sizes based on mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00075-00017312-00017439 spectroscopy and studying their
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00076-00017440-00017630 properties is the indeed an important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00077-00017631-00017814 challenge
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00078-00017815-00017950 when you talking about ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00079-00017951-00018255 clusters we identify the regime of small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00080-00018256-00018527 clusters with about less than about 20
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00081-00018528-00018655 atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00082-00018656-00018879 and here there is large oscillations in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00083-00018880-00019103 the magnetic moment of the cluster and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00084-00019104-00019207 of course we are talking about the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00085-00019208-00019407 magnetic moment per atom we already
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00086-00019408-00019607 noted before that when you are talking
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00087-00019608-00019703 about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00088-00019704-00019847 a property like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00089-00019848-00020007 magnetic moment when you decrease the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00090-00020008-00020150 size of the or the scale of the system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00091-00020151-00020358 the magnetic moment increases above the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00092-00020359-00020607 bulk value now we will be noting that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00093-00020608-00020791 how this behavior becomes really drastic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00094-00020792-00020919 when you are talking about small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00095-00020920-00021135 clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00096-00021136-00021303 and when you are talking about a large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00097-00021304-00021511 group of atoms like more than 600 atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00098-00021512-00021678 you typically notice that bulk like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00099-00021679-00021863 behavior emerges
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00100-00021864-00022047 that means with increasing number of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00101-00022048-00022222 atoms the oscillations in the property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00102-00022223-00022422 here of course the magnetic moment dies
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00103-00022423-00022622 down and therefore there are no sharp
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00104-00022623-00022783 variations with change in number of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00105-00022784-00022967 atoms and actually the bulk behavior
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00106-00022968-00023071 emerges
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00107-00023072-00023327 so we have ah two or three size regimes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00108-00023328-00023494 that means small clusters having
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00109-00023495-00023883 typically less than about 50 or 20 atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00110-00023884-00024158 the big clusters from 50 atoms to say
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00111-00024159-00024367 600 atoms and finally of course the bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00112-00024368-00024591 behavior wherein you can think of what
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00113-00024592-00024767 you might call the magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00114-00024768-00024942 approaching that of the bulk value of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00115-00024943-00025127 iron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00116-00025128-00025327 now we already noted that iron can have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00117-00025328-00025494 a maximum possible magnetic moment of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00118-00025495-00025718 about six mu b per atom three arising
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00119-00025719-00025958 from orbital and three from spin we had
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00120-00025960-00026143 also noted that typically in balkan most
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00121-00026144-00026327 of the orbital orbital magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00122-00026327-00026527 contribution is quenched because of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00123-00026527-00026758 strong interaction with the lattice
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00124-00026760-00026911 now in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00125-00026912-00027095 if you take up individual clusters to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00126-00027095-00027302 highlight how the property changes and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00127-00027304-00027543 this is schematically shown here in this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00128-00027544-00027735 graph here you are studying the number
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00129-00027736-00027911 of atoms in this cluster this is no
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00130-00027912-00028111 longer a dimension like nanometer but it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00131-00028112-00028262 is purely a number because we are really
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00132-00028263-00028479 in the small cluster regime and you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00133-00028480-00028718 studying the magnetic moment per atom on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00134-00028719-00028862 the y axis
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00135-00028863-00029031 now so therefore we can see that clearly
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00136-00029032-00029214 there are three regimes what you might
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00137-00029216-00029439 call the small cluster regime which you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00138-00029439-00029799 can see wherein there are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00139-00029800-00029951 the small cluster regime where you can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00140-00029952-00030143 see that there are sharp variations in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00141-00030144-00030255 the property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00142-00030256-00030470 then there is the medium cluster regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00143-00030472-00030831 wherein you have oscillations but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00144-00030832-00030999 they are smaller oscillations they are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00145-00031000-00031143 oscillations spread over a large number
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00146-00031144-00031343 of atoms that means over a large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00147-00031344-00031455 collection of atoms you see these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00148-00031456-00031607 oscillations are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00149-00031608-00031758 taking place but when you add many
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00150-00031760-00031927 number of atoms not a small one or two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00151-00031927-00032158 atoms so you have this regime which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00152-00032160-00032343 of interest to us now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00153-00032344-00032583 you notice that merely by adding one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00154-00032583-00032758 atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00155-00032760-00033039 and going from this value you can see
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00156-00033040-00033343 that this is the fe12 cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00157-00033344-00033567 and you go to the fe 13 cluster that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00158-00033568-00033759 means you are just adding one atom you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00159-00033760-00034046 notice that the magnetic moment changes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00160-00034047-00034262 drastically there is a series severe
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00161-00034263-00034502 precipitous fall in the magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00162-00034503-00034718 and this is what is we will call this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00163-00034719-00034871 small cluster regime signature of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00164-00034872-00035039 small cluster regime and further when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00165-00035040-00035239 you add one more atom there is again a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00166-00035240-00035518 sharp increase in the magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00167-00035519-00035718 of the cluster and these oscillations
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00168-00035719-00035846 continue in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00169-00035847-00036030 what you might call in a sharp fashion
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00170-00036031-00036246 till you reach about 25 atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00171-00036247-00036399 and after that of course we said that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00172-00036400-00036567 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00173-00036568-00036774 cluster the variation with cluster size
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00174-00036775-00036951 gets a little more smoother and finally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00175-00036952-00037079 of course in the bulk regime you will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00176-00037080-00037287 notice that the variation becomes even
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00177-00037288-00037543 more smooth and you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00178-00037544-00037702 the bulk behavior emerging in other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00179-00037703-00037983 words the iron in the large crystal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00180-00037984-00038255 regime actually approaches ah a magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00181-00038256-00038551 moment of about 2.2 mu b per atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00182-00038552-00038727 in this graph of course the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00183-00038728-00038990 lower limit is the bulk limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00184-00038991-00039143 and the upper limit is what you might
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00185-00039144-00039279 call the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00186-00039280-00039455 atomic limit which is possible which we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00187-00039456-00039735 said is about six mu b because an an ion
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00188-00039736-00039943 atom cannot have more than or an iron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00189-00039944-00040111 cluster cannot have more than six mu b
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00190-00040112-00040351 because each atom only contributes about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00191-00040352-00040543 three mu b from the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00192-00040544-00040727 orbital motion and three from the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00193-00040728-00040902 contribution therefore the maximum limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00194-00040903-00041143 is six and all but nevertheless it is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00195-00041144-00041295 important to note that all these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00196-00041296-00041439 magnetic moments which are noting in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00197-00041440-00041758 graph here are above that of the bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00198-00041759-00041935 limit that means there is an enhancement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00199-00041936-00042111 in the magnetic moment in the of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00200-00042112-00042279 the nano crystalline regime in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00201-00042280-00042479 regime of the large cluster and also in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00202-00042480-00042639 the regime of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00203-00042640-00042958 small cluster so the fe 12 cluster has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00204-00042959-00043279 magnetic moment about 5.4 mu b per atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00205-00043280-00043462 that means very little of the orbital
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00206-00043463-00043639 motion is quenched in this cluster so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00207-00043640-00043871 this is would be like approaching the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00208-00043872-00044102 atomic limit when you have a ion 12
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00209-00044103-00044246 cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00210-00044247-00044430 on the other hand adding just one more
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00211-00044431-00044687 atom making it fe 13 we notice that it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00212-00044688-00044815 has a much lower
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00213-00044816-00045174 magnetic moment of only about 2.44 mu b
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00214-00045175-00045351 now um
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00215-00045352-00045599 if you compare this f e 13 cluster with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00216-00045600-00045839 forensic nickel 13 cluster it also has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00217-00045840-00046062 an abnormally low moment and this can be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00218-00046063-00046311 attributed to the icosahedral structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00219-00046312-00046462 of the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00220-00046463-00046702 in other words the cluster is densely
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00221-00046703-00046839 packed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00222-00046840-00047023 that mean atomic separation is reduced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00223-00047024-00047246 in this cluster and we had noted earlier
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00224-00047247-00047399 that three factors coming into play
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00225-00047400-00047486 while
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00226-00047487-00047623 designing the magnetic movement of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00227-00047624-00047918 cluster is the nearest neighbor distance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00228-00047919-00048071 in the cluster and therefore if the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00229-00048072-00048230 nearest neighbor distance is coming down
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00230-00048231-00048486 then you have a reduction in that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00231-00048487-00048671 there is an overlap of the atomic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00232-00048672-00048790 orbitals and therefore there is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00233-00048791-00048967 reduction in the magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00234-00048968-00049167 with larger and larger cluster size the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00235-00049168-00049439 orbital contribution seems to be low but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00236-00049440-00049590 there is still an enhancement of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00237-00049591-00049815 magnetic moment over the bulk value this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00238-00049816-00049943 we had noticed before because this is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00239-00049944-00050135 purely coming from the reduction in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00240-00050136-00050295 size
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00241-00050296-00050511 the structure and packing fraction seem
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00242-00050512-00050695 to play or packing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00243-00050696-00050871 method seems to play an important role
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00244-00050872-00051079 in the net magnetic moment obtained when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00245-00051080-00051342 you are talking about these clusters of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00246-00051344-00051511 magnetic atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00247-00051512-00051846 so to summarize this ah story of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00248-00051847-00052094 ferromagnetic clusters we can divide the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00249-00052095-00052254 ferromagnetic clusters into nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00250-00052255-00052366 crystalline regime where the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00251-00052367-00052638 oscillations are small the small cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00252-00052639-00052791 big large cluster regime where there are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00253-00052791-00053007 oscillations but this spread over large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00254-00053008-00053182 number of atoms and the small cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00255-00053183-00053335 regime typically less than about 20
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00256-00053336-00053542 atoms wherein there are serious
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00257-00053544-00053711 variations or sharp variations when you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00258-00053712-00053854 add or remove an atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00259-00053855-00054047 and you can see that the ion 12 cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00260-00054048-00054215 actually goes very close to the what you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00261-00054216-00054350 might call the theoretical possible
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00262-00054351-00054535 limit for an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00263-00054536-00054735 which is close to the atomic magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00264-00054736-00054935 moment of iron on the other hand there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00265-00054936-00055111 can be clusters like the fe 13 cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00266-00055112-00055279 which are close packed cluster having
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00267-00055279-00055511 isohedral configuration which give you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00268-00055512-00055726 actually a low magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00269-00055727-00055942 after talking about the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00270-00055944-00056150 ferromagnetic material like iron let us
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00271-00056151-00056238 talk about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00272-00056239-00056382 what you might call the anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00273-00056383-00056582 ferromagnetic clusters now when you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00274-00056583-00056719 talking about anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00275-00056720-00057015 clusters these are actually not anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00276-00057016-00057230 ferromagnetic in the cluster zone they
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00277-00057232-00057447 are actually what are anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00278-00057448-00057663 in the bulk so for instance we know that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00279-00057664-00057919 chromium is one of the anti ferromagnet
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00280-00057920-00058063 one of the few
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00281-00058064-00058271 elements which are anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00282-00058272-00058438 like manganese
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00283-00058439-00058654 and therefore in the bulk form chromium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00284-00058655-00058863 or manganese is expected to be anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00285-00058864-00059079 ferromagnetic but here we are talking
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00286-00059079-00059311 about anti ferromagnetic materials in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00287-00059312-00059519 the bulk which have behaving like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00288-00059520-00059750 ferromagnetis ferromagnets in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00289-00059751-00059887 cluster zone that means when you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00290-00059888-00060087 making the small clusters out of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00291-00060088-00060311 ah anti ferromagnetic materials in bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00292-00060312-00060454 they are actually getting ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00293-00060455-00060638 property again a very interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00294-00060639-00060815 observation that because we have these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00295-00060816-00061054 materials do not do not behave like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00296-00061055-00061303 ah ferro magnets in the bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00297-00061304-00061487 in antiferromagnetic materials we do not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00298-00061488-00061647 expect any net magnetic movement in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00299-00061648-00061838 bulk because the up spins and down spins
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00300-00061839-00062063 cancel themselves out however there is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00301-00062064-00062287 possibility that a small cluster in a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00302-00062288-00062447 small cluster there are up and down
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00303-00062448-00062687 spins do not cancel out leading to a net
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00304-00062688-00062838 magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00305-00062839-00063030 of course this magnetic moment is not go
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00306-00063032-00063230 because this is now a small residual non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00307-00063232-00063406 cancellation and this is not expected to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00308-00063407-00063599 be as high as that you see in a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00309-00063600-00063830 ferromagnetic cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00310-00063832-00064006 but nevertheless this is an interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00311-00064007-00064206 possibility in these magnets small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00312-00064207-00064430 magnetic clusters ferro frustration is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00313-00064432-00064687 also an issue and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00314-00064688-00064926 this frustration leads to the fact that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00315-00064927-00065094 the spin on a given atom does not know
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00316-00065095-00065326 which way to point in other words if i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00317-00065327-00065479 had a large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00318-00065479-00065719 system then i know in anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00319-00065720-00065943 material if i had spin arrangements ups
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00320-00065944-00066150 and downs they will go like this but in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00321-00066151-00066391 a small crystal there could so happen
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00322-00066392-00066526 that there is one spin which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00323-00066527-00066679 introduced here there could be an atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00324-00066680-00066799 here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00325-00066800-00067006 which does not know that if this pin has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00326-00067007-00067215 to be up or down and this automatically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00327-00067216-00067382 implies that it is not following the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00328-00067383-00067575 antiferromagnetic order and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00329-00067576-00067831 there could be a net residual spin up or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00330-00067832-00068126 spin down coming from the fact that that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00331-00068127-00068294 atomic position has been frustrated with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00332-00068295-00068567 respect to the remaining of the lattice
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00333-00068568-00068750 we will take up two examples to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00334-00068751-00068943 understand
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00335-00068944-00069150 antiferromagnetic clusters one is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00336-00069151-00069326 example of chromium and one is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00337-00069327-00069487 example of manganese
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00338-00069488-00069719 because these are elemental
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00339-00069720-00069831 but having said that if they are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00340-00069832-00069999 elemental it does not mean that their
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00341-00070000-00070343 overall um magnetization states are easy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00342-00070344-00070535 to understand now if you take up the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00343-00070536-00070782 example of manganese and study now like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00344-00070783-00070999 before the number of magnetis atoms in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00345-00071000-00071191 the cluster along the x axis and the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00346-00071192-00071431 magnetic moment along the y axis again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00347-00071432-00071687 you do see what you might call three
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00348-00071688-00071894 regimes one regime which we might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00349-00071895-00072023 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00350-00072024-00072167 what you might call the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00351-00072168-00072311 small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00352-00072312-00072575 cluster regime one you might call the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00353-00072576-00072815 large cluster regime and then of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00354-00072816-00073023 the nano crystal regime and finally you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00355-00073024-00073223 have the bulk limit the bulk limit in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00356-00073224-00073423 this case clearly is the case where
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00357-00073424-00073511 there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00358-00073512-00073711 zero net magnetic moment because you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00359-00073712-00073838 know this is an anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00360-00073839-00074006 material and therefore you do not expect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00361-00074007-00074223 any magnetic moment in the bulk form so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00362-00074224-00074391 ultimately this curve has to go down to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00363-00074392-00074799 zero
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00364-00074800-00074982 in the small cluster regime again you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00365-00074983-00075238 notice that there are sharp variations
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00366-00075239-00075415 in the magnetic moment and you can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00367-00075416-00075606 observe that these sharp variations
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00368-00075607-00075719 again can be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00369-00075720-00075911 understood in terms of certain geometry
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00370-00075912-00076103 that for instance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00371-00076104-00076391 the icosahedral cluster gives you a very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00372-00076392-00076591 small magnetic moment net residual
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00373-00076592-00076847 magnetic moment while then by adding
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00374-00076848-00077047 just couple of atoms you get the n equal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00375-00077048-00077287 to 15 cluster which is having a very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00376-00077288-00077479 high magnetic moment but having noted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00377-00077480-00077703 that this very high is only about one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00378-00077704-00077943 point five mu b per atom unlike the case
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00379-00077944-00078079 of the very high in the case of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00380-00078080-00078271 ferromagnetic cluster where we went up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00381-00078272-00078535 to a value of five point four mu b per
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00382-00078536-00078806 atom because these are not inherently
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00383-00078807-00078950 ferromagnetic material these are anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00384-00078951-00079103 ferromagnetic materials which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00385-00079104-00079271 behaving like ferromagnetic materials in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00386-00079272-00079487 the small scale regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00387-00079488-00079662 therefore again you see that in these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00388-00079663-00079838 cases there are what you might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00389-00079839-00080047 minima corresponding to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00390-00080048-00080279 ah the acquisitional cluster and the n
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00391-00080280-00080399 equal to nineteen cluster and we will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00392-00080400-00080638 talk about this in the in a few moments
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00393-00080639-00080831 but these oscillations tend to die down
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00394-00080832-00080991 when you approach the large cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00395-00080992-00081223 regime and then of course you obtain the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00396-00081224-00081415 bulk limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00397-00081416-00081550 ah what you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00398-00081551-00081726 where in of course you ultimately get a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00399-00081727-00081903 zero magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00400-00081904-00081999 now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00401-00082000-00082247 therefore in manganese clusters show
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00402-00082248-00082438 some similarities with ferromagnetic ion
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00403-00082439-00082591 cluster with regard to the cluster size
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00404-00082592-00082815 dependence and this is in the regime of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00405-00082816-00083094 more than about ten atoms compact this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00406-00083095-00083255 thirteen atom clusters which is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00407-00083256-00083479 icocital configuration
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00408-00083480-00083750 and the mn 19 which is actually a double
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00409-00083751-00083918 icosahedral cluster that means there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00410-00083919-00084111 one icosahedral shell and above that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00411-00084112-00084303 there is a second dicocidal shell which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00412-00084304-00084438 is called a double icosahedral
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00413-00084439-00084679 construction gives very low magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00414-00084680-00084806 moments compared to the neighboring
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00415-00084807-00085206 clusters like m n 15 which has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00416-00085207-00085431 high magnetic moment of about 1.5 mu b
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00417-00085432-00085662 per atom so the low magnetic moments are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00418-00085663-00085862 about point four mu b per atom this is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00419-00085863-00085999 in this range four and four to point
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00420-00086000-00086223 five mu b per atom well the high one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00421-00086224-00086431 corresponds about one point five mu b
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00422-00086432-00086631 per atom so in the case of manganese you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00423-00086632-00086831 notice that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00424-00086832-00087038 there is a variation between about point
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00425-00087039-00087311 four and about ah one point five mu per
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00426-00087312-00087487 atom based on the cluster size and again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00427-00087488-00087638 like before in the case of iron we can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00428-00087639-00087782 understand this in terms of the geometry
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00429-00087783-00087959 of the cluster that if there is a close
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00430-00087960-00088143 packed cluster having in some kind of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00431-00088144-00088262 single shell or a double shell
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00432-00088263-00088462 icosahedral configuration then the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00433-00088463-00088647 magnetic moment is small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00434-00088648-00088871 the case of chromium is slightly more
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00435-00088872-00089047 complicated in fact it is significantly
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00436-00089048-00089326 more complicated and the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00437-00089327-00089582 the reason happens to be that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00438-00089583-00089838 the anti ferromagnetism in chromium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00439-00089839-00090055 is supposed to arise from what is known
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00440-00090056-00090303 as a spin density wave
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00441-00090304-00090567 so ah and often the phrase used is that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00442-00090568-00090687 it is an incoming shear rate spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00443-00090688-00090926 density wave antiferro magnet that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00444-00090927-00091071 that this is not a simple kind of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00445-00091072-00091271 anti magnet which can be drawn like a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00446-00091272-00091479 picture using this one we saw before
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00447-00091480-00091726 this is the underlying spins have a spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00448-00091727-00091950 density wave and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00449-00091951-00092111 spin density wave as i pointed out can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00450-00092112-00092255 actually be incompensated with respect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00451-00092256-00092431 to the underlying lattice and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00452-00092432-00092606 you can have an incommensurate spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00453-00092607-00092782 density wave which can act which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00454-00092783-00092911 actually giving rise to this anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00455-00092912-00093135 ferromagnetism in chromium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00456-00093136-00093382 and therefore since this is a very rich
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00457-00093383-00093479 system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00458-00093480-00093638 this also means that there are lot of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00459-00093639-00093799 complications in understanding such a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00460-00093800-00093991 very rich system like chromium though we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00461-00093992-00094150 said that its an elemental anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00462-00094151-00094382 ferromagnet this does not make it a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00463-00094383-00094735 simple antipheromona so it is elemental
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00464-00094736-00094903 this is akin to the example of manganese
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00465-00094904-00095047 in crystal structures though manganese
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00466-00095048-00095255 elemental crystal often you know that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00467-00095256-00095406 alpha manganese and beta manganese have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00468-00095407-00095606 actually a very complicated crystal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00469-00095607-00095791 structure having very number of atoms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00470-00095792-00095999 the plot of magnetic moments oscillates
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00471-00096000-00096159 with size like in the case of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00472-00096160-00096326 manganese
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00473-00096327-00096462 or the case of the ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00474-00096463-00096638 clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00475-00096639-00096894 a cluster size of cr9 is expected to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00476-00096895-00097182 exist in multiple magnetization states
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00477-00097183-00097399 and this multiple magnetization states
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00478-00097400-00097535 actually makes the analysis very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00479-00097536-00097726 difficult for us to understand that what
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00480-00097727-00097935 is really giving rise to this effect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00481-00097936-00098031 that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00482-00098032-00098167 and in addition to this multiple
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00483-00098168-00098382 magnetization states the issue is off
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00484-00098383-00098623 there are many structural isomers also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00485-00098624-00098879 possible that means that cr9 cluster ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00486-00098880-00099038 not only exist in a single structural
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00487-00099039-00099231 form it exists in many other structural
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00488-00099232-00099350 isomers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00489-00099351-00099438 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00490-00099439-00099559 therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00491-00099560-00099735 these structural isomers each one of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00492-00099736-00099871 them will have a different magnetization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00493-00099872-00100047 and the net effect on magnetization you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00494-00100048-00100206 are seeing is actually when you do an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00495-00100207-00100367 experiment is actually an average over
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00496-00100368-00100615 all these structural isomers and all
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00497-00100616-00100882 these ah multiple magnetization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00498-00100883-00101159 states the cr9 magnetization can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00499-00101160-00101350 actually be small its only about 0.65 mu
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00500-00101351-00101647 b per atom or it can be 1.8 mubi per
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00501-00101648-00101879 atom that means a single cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00502-00101880-00102023 i do not mean a single structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00503-00102024-00102359 structurally a single number of atoms 9
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00504-00102360-00102647 atoms in the cr9 cluster can exist ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00505-00102648-00102823 can give you a minute magnetization of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00506-00102824-00103023 something like point six mu b or one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00507-00103024-00103158 point eight move which means this is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00508-00103159-00103342 large variation we already saw that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00509-00103343-00103566 maximum minima it is between the almost
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00510-00103567-00103823 maxima and minimize such a plot okay so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00511-00103824-00104078 such large variations can ah its
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00512-00104079-00104351 actually difficult to understand it and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00513-00104352-00104494 the underlying mechanisms are supposed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00514-00104495-00104671 to be as i pointed out the existence of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00515-00104672-00104919 multiple magnetization states and also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00516-00104920-00105247 existence of structural isomers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00517-00105248-00105447 so the essential message
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00518-00105448-00105663 of studying antiferromagnetic clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00519-00105664-00106007 is that there can be materials which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00520-00106008-00106143 antiferromagnetic with zero
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00521-00106144-00106399 magnetization in bulk but which behave
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00522-00106400-00106575 like ferromagnets in the small cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00523-00106576-00106751 energy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00524-00106752-00106951 when and in the small cluster regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00525-00106952-00107143 like in the case of ferromagnets
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00526-00107144-00107295 ferromagnetic clusters there are large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00527-00107296-00107439 oscillations and these oscillations
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00528-00107440-00107639 finally die down and you obtain what is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00529-00107640-00107783 called the large cluster regime and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00530-00107783-00108063 finally the nano crystal regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00531-00108064-00108223 additionally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00532-00108224-00108375 we noted that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00533-00108376-00108599 to understand um
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00534-00108600-00108799 the variation in magnetization in these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00535-00108800-00109007 small clusters we can invoke the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00536-00109008-00109175 principles we used in the case of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00537-00109176-00109407 ion clusters in other words the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00538-00109408-00109575 icosahedral or close packing in these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00539-00109576-00109807 crystals is expected to give us these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00540-00109808-00110207 large variations in the magnetization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00541-00110208-00110327 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00542-00110328-00110423 so this is a very interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00543-00110424-00110719 possibility that actually you are seeing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00544-00110720-00110975 ferromagnetism in small clusters of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00545-00110976-00111383 anti ferromagnetic material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00546-00111383-00111575 we had seen that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00547-00111576-00111799 the magnetic properties of clusters is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00548-00111800-00111966 very sensitive function
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00549-00111967-00112239 of the number of atoms in the clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00550-00112240-00112510 before we go on to other interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00551-00112511-00112615 magnetic properties of other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00552-00112616-00112766 nanostructures and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00553-00112767-00113063 hybrids let us consider briefly here the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00554-00113064-00113278 experimental production of clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00555-00113279-00113486 and how we can measure the magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00556-00113488-00113695 moment of these clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00557-00113696-00113807 typically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00558-00113808-00113990 a gas phase super saturated in metal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00559-00113991-00114415 vapor is ejected into a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00560-00114416-00114678 flowing inert gas which is cooled
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00561-00114679-00114751 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00562-00114752-00114958 at the heart of or the schematic of this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00563-00114959-00115095 kind of a production technique is shown
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00564-00115096-00115271 in the figure below wherein you see that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00565-00115272-00115471 there is a liquid metal bath there is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00566-00115472-00115678 gas which is flowing into the chamber
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00567-00115679-00115902 this chamber is at a high suction rate
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00568-00115903-00116166 but under low vacuum further
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00569-00116167-00116278 this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00570-00116279-00116454 liquid matter which is in the vapor
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00571-00116455-00116686 state is atomized through a nozzle it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00572-00116688-00116910 passes through a skimmer and goes into a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00573-00116911-00117102 chamber where there is an high vacuum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00574-00117103-00117310 pump which of course has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00575-00117311-00117543 low suction rate but it is a high vacuum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00576-00117544-00117695 pump
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00577-00117696-00117871 so essentially we have a super saturated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00578-00117872-00118071 metal vapor which is ejected into a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00579-00118072-00118215 flowing inert gas
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00580-00118216-00118390 ah the metal vapor itself could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00581-00118391-00118663 produced by thermal evaporation laser
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00582-00118664-00118902 ablation sputtering or many of the other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00583-00118903-00119086 techniques which can produce this metal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00584-00119088-00119254 vapor
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00585-00119255-00119454 further we know that now this metal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00586-00119455-00119710 vapor consists of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00587-00119711-00119871 clusters of di
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00588-00119872-00120078 diverse sizes that means they may have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00589-00120079-00120319 right from a few atoms to a few thousand
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00590-00120320-00120614 atoms and we require mass separators
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00591-00120615-00120927 which can actually separate out
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00592-00120928-00121119 clusters of various sizes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00593-00121120-00121319 and for this the clusters typically need
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00594-00121320-00121463 to be charged
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00595-00121464-00121695 and if the clusters need to be ionized
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00596-00121696-00121886 if they are not charged prior
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00597-00121888-00122023 so this is a very important point
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00598-00122024-00122102 because
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00599-00122103-00122190 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00600-00122191-00122439 mass separators will not work most of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00601-00122440-00122614 the mass separators will not work on non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00602-00122615-00122839 charged particles here we list the name
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00603-00122840-00123023 of some of these mass filters though we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00604-00123024-00123183 will not go into the details of their
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00605-00123183-00123478 operation or their physics behind them
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00606-00123479-00123702 ah these mass filters include radio
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00607-00123703-00123871 frequency quadrupole filters vane
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00608-00123872-00124039 filters time of flight mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00609-00124040-00124327 spectrometers pulse field mass electro
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00610-00124328-00124575 etcetera but as we pointed out all these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00611-00124576-00124775 techniques typically depend on the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00612-00124776-00124966 clusters to be charged and if they are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00613-00124967-00125134 not charged as we shall see in a coming
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00614-00125135-00125390 slide that we will charge the clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00615-00125391-00125607 before they are sent into a spectrometer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00616-00125608-00125807 like for instance time of flight mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00617-00125808-00125990 spectrometer at the end of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00618-00125991-00126151 separation our goal is that we have a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00619-00126152-00126343 narrow distribution of masses of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00620-00126344-00126575 particles or these clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00621-00126576-00126647 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00622-00126648-00126847 if you are talking about small clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00623-00126848-00127014 we would even like to get a precise
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00624-00127015-00127214 number of atoms in these clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00625-00127215-00127478 because as we have noted before that in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00626-00127479-00127751 small clusters addition or removal of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00627-00127752-00128102 single atom can lead to ah very steep
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00628-00128103-00128278 changes in terms of their property
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00629-00128279-00128502 magnetic properties like we saw that for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00630-00128503-00128695 the case of the ferromagnetic clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00631-00128696-00128863 where we noted that if you have an ico
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00632-00128864-00129023 serial cluster it typically has a low
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00633-00129024-00129239 magnetic moment but if you add an atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00634-00129240-00129478 to it then the magnetic moment increases
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00635-00129479-00129654 steeply similarly so for anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00636-00129655-00129854 ferromagnetic clusters that we saw that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00637-00129855-00130095 in the small cluster regime actually we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00638-00130096-00130327 have severe oscillations in terms of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00639-00130328-00130599 magnetic moment of the particles
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00640-00130600-00130790 therefore we in small clusters we would
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00641-00130791-00131007 like to isolate a precise number of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00642-00131008-00131271 atoms and as i pointed out some of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00643-00131272-00131463 techniques like radio frequency
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00644-00131464-00131678 quadrupole filters wind filters etcetera
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00645-00131679-00131887 help you in separation of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00646-00131888-00132071 different mass particles which also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00647-00132072-00132254 imply different number of atoms in these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00648-00132255-00132471 clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00649-00132472-00132623 we will also we should also briefly take
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00650-00132624-00132854 up here the measurement of the magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00651-00132855-00133047 moments of clusters that is we had
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00652-00133048-00133287 already noted that these plots which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00653-00133288-00133478 were seen are actually experimental
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00654-00133479-00133614 plots that means people have actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00655-00133615-00133799 produced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00656-00133800-00134102 clusters of atoms consisting of magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00657-00134103-00134351 material and further have gone on to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00658-00134352-00134527 measure the magnetic moment so these are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00659-00134528-00134775 experimental results and therefore we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00660-00134776-00135063 need to know how we can actually measure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00661-00135064-00135271 the magnetic moment of these clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00662-00135272-00135383 though our
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00663-00135384-00135535 lecture here would be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00664-00135536-00135687 limited to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00665-00135688-00135943 a brief outline and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00666-00135944-00136087 students interested in these techniques
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00667-00136088-00136271 may consult extensive text on these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00668-00136272-00136543 aspects further
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00669-00136544-00136751 now first we shall talk about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00670-00136752-00136951 experimental results presented for free
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00671-00136952-00137054 clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00672-00137055-00137311 clusters can be of three types they can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00673-00137312-00137495 be free clusters they can be clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00674-00137496-00137702 which are deposited on a substrate that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00675-00137703-00137854 means they are on the sub surface of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00676-00137855-00138143 substrate or they can actually be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00677-00138144-00138335 embedded within a material but here we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00678-00138336-00138519 first take up ah or we will present in a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00679-00138520-00138702 little detail how can we measure the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00680-00138703-00138895 magnetism or a magnetic moment of a free
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00681-00138896-00139102 cluster for instance this could be iron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00682-00139103-00139319 ferromagnetic clusters or it could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00683-00139320-00139511 chromium and manganese antiferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00684-00139512-00139759 clusters and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00685-00139760-00139966 the typical experimental setup is based
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00686-00139967-00140223 on the classic stern gerlach experiment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00687-00140224-00140399 which was first used to detect the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00688-00140400-00140575 electron spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00689-00140576-00140775 now typically this stun gorilla kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00690-00140776-00141054 an experiment is coupled with a pulsed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00691-00141055-00141287 laser vapor deposition techniques and we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00692-00141288-00141431 shall consider some of these details in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00693-00141432-00141631 the next slide for instance so typically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00694-00141632-00141831 such an experimental setup is what is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00695-00141832-00141951 used for the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00696-00141952-00142126 detection of the magnetic moment at the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00697-00142127-00142326 heart of such an instrument is what you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00698-00142327-00142478 might call the time of flight mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00699-00142479-00142702 spectrometer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00700-00142703-00142790 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00701-00142791-00143007 the whole setup starts with a cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00702-00143008-00143207 source so before we take up this setup
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00703-00143208-00143423 in detail let us go with go ahead with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00704-00143424-00143566 the further points
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00705-00143567-00143759 that typically a collimated cluster beam
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00706-00143760-00143990 is guided into a magnetic field gradient
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00707-00143991-00144151 that means we do not have a constant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00708-00144152-00144295 magnetic field but a field gradient
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00709-00144296-00144559 which is quantified as dv by dz
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00710-00144560-00144743 the magnetic field gradient will deflect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00711-00144744-00145014 the cluster with a magnetic movement mu
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00712-00145015-00145159 by a distance d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00713-00145160-00145326 and this is given by the equation as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00714-00145327-00145575 here so if you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00715-00145576-00145759 the distance of deflection d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00716-00145760-00145926 under the influence of a magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00717-00145927-00146102 gradient d by dz
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00718-00146103-00146399 then if the particle has a mass m then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00719-00146400-00146535 this is the equation governing the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00720-00146536-00146919 deflection of the particle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00721-00146920-00147151 now ah in this equation l is the length
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00722-00147152-00147390 of the magnet t is the distance from the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00723-00147391-00147583 end of the magnet to the detector
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00724-00147584-00147807 m as i pointed out is the cluster marks
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00725-00147808-00148007 and v x is the entrance velocity which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00726-00148008-00148278 is assumed constant of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00727-00148279-00148423 there may be many situations in which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00728-00148424-00148614 the entrance velocity is not constant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00729-00148615-00148783 and therefore this would be an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00730-00148784-00148951 simplifying assumption which is used so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00731-00148952-00149159 that we can approximately
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00732-00149160-00149463 find out the distance of deflection
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00733-00149464-00149623 as i pointed out there are other kinds
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00734-00149624-00149871 of magnetic particles those which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00735-00149872-00150095 embedded in a second phase in a matrix
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00736-00150096-00150254 or those those which are deposited on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00737-00150255-00150471 surfaces and for clusters deposit on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00738-00150472-00150623 surface other techniques of measurement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00739-00150624-00150854 exist that means the technique mentioned
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00740-00150855-00151014 above is not suitable for that purpose
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00741-00151015-00151190 as you will see that in such a technique
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00742-00151191-00151335 you need a stream of these magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00743-00151336-00151607 particles and these magnetic particles
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00744-00151608-00151839 um will then be deflected by the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00745-00151840-00152063 magnetic field and will be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00746-00152064-00152231 put through
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00747-00152232-00152407 a mass spectrometer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00748-00152408-00152559 for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00749-00152560-00152759 particles defor or clusters deposited on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00750-00152760-00152902 surfaces we can use techniques like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00751-00152903-00153143 x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00752-00153144-00153439 dichroism in photoelectron spectroscopy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00753-00153440-00153743 surface magneto optical care effect uhv
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00754-00153744-00153999 vibrating sample magnetometry etcetera
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00755-00154000-00154126 and here we are just mentioning the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00756-00154127-00154335 names ah an interested reader obviously
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00757-00154336-00154663 needs to go into ah text which will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00758-00154664-00154895 go into detail regarding the operation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00759-00154896-00154999 of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00760-00155000-00155263 techniques and the physics behind them
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00761-00155264-00155511 for embedded clusters techniques like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00762-00155512-00155743 squid measurements micro hall probes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00763-00155744-00155926 etcetera can be used for the measurement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00764-00155927-00156166 of the magnetic moments so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00765-00156167-00156359 a single technique is not sufficient for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00766-00156360-00156535 us to understand all kind of magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00767-00156536-00156895 clusters but here we take briefly the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00768-00156896-00157126 ah once which is u one which is used for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00769-00157127-00157366 the measurement of pre particle free
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00770-00157367-00157575 particle magnetic moments
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00771-00157576-00157751 just to summarize this slide at the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00772-00157752-00157983 heart of the experiment is the a setup
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00773-00157984-00158151 which is based on a technique like this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00774-00158152-00158302 term gerlac experiment the classic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00775-00158303-00158447 experiment which measured the electron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00776-00158448-00158678 spin the physics behind is that you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00777-00158679-00158847 a magnetic field gradient which deflects
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00778-00158848-00159023 the particle based on the mass of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00779-00159024-00159159 particle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00780-00159160-00159351 and its magnetic moment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00781-00159352-00159566 and based on the deflection we can then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00782-00159567-00159823 back calculate the magnetic moment on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00783-00159824-00160071 the particle oh assuming that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00784-00160072-00160271 velocity of entrance of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00785-00160272-00160431 cluster particles in india is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00786-00160432-00160575 independent of their size and its a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00787-00160576-00160751 constant quantity
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00788-00160752-00160999 so this is the brief outline of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00789-00161000-00161143 experimental setup for the measurement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00790-00161144-00161359 of magnetic movements first metal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00791-00161360-00161543 clusters are produced by pulse vapor
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00792-00161544-00161695 deposition of course other techniques
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00793-00161696-00161887 may also be used for the production of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00794-00161888-00162054 these metal clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00795-00162055-00162254 of a target material into a jet of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00796-00162255-00162414 helium gas of course helium amino is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00797-00162415-00162583 inert and therefore will not react with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00798-00162584-00162671 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00799-00162672-00162863 metal cluster vapor
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00800-00162864-00163063 the cluster glass mixture is undergo
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00801-00163064-00163351 supersonic expansion on entering vacuum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00802-00163352-00163502 so this is the next stage after the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00803-00163503-00163654 production of these metal clusters that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00804-00163655-00163935 they undergo supersonic expansion when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00805-00163936-00164119 they enter the vacuum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00806-00164120-00164295 then the beam produce so that means here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00807-00164296-00164487 you have the nozzle which produces the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00808-00164488-00164751 beam the beam produced is collimated and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00809-00164752-00164902 the apertures play an important role in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00810-00164903-00165071 this collimation process
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00811-00165072-00165214 then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00812-00165215-00165535 further the magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00813-00165536-00165687 field gradient which is produced by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00814-00165688-00165926 these field gradient magnets is used for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00815-00165927-00166183 the deflection of these collimated beam
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00816-00166184-00166311 okay
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00817-00166312-00166575 but as i pointed out ah even though now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00818-00166576-00166783 you have a deflection produced unless
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00819-00166784-00167007 these clusters are ionized we will not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00820-00167008-00167135 be able to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00821-00167136-00167214 do
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00822-00167215-00167407 mass spectroscopy on them therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00823-00167408-00167623 these clusters need to be ionized and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00824-00167624-00167831 the next chamber in down the line is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00825-00167832-00168078 ionization by laser so you have a laser
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00826-00168079-00168271 which is specifically used to ionize
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00827-00168272-00168438 this clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00828-00168439-00168575 and this laser is different from the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00829-00168576-00168790 laser which is used initially for the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00830-00168791-00169135 production of the vaporized metal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00831-00169136-00169302 so this laser has a different purpose
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00832-00169303-00169511 this laser is used for the ionization of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00833-00169512-00169711 the cluster finally after the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00834-00169712-00169966 has been ionized now their time of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00835-00169967-00170135 flight will depend on the mass and the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00836-00170136-00170359 ionization and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00837-00170360-00170495 the mass dependent deflection is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00838-00170496-00170687 measured and is perpendicular to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00839-00170688-00170895 beam in a time of flight mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00840-00170896-00171031 spectrometer that means initially the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00841-00171032-00171199 beam was arriving in this direct
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00842-00171200-00171487 direction but now the diff beam is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00843-00171488-00171719 deflected into the mass spectrometer at
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00844-00171720-00171863 right angles to the original direction
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00845-00171864-00172023 in which the cluster source was
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00846-00172024-00172166 producing them
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00847-00172167-00172438 so to summarize this experiment we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00848-00172439-00172726 now trying to measure the magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00849-00172727-00172943 moments of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00850-00172944-00173183 free magnetic particles and for that we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00851-00173184-00173431 are using a equation like the one listed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00852-00173432-00173711 here below we are also using a modified
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00853-00173712-00173951 version of the stern gerlach experiment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00854-00173952-00174183 and the flowchart for this experiment is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00855-00174184-00174407 as follows that we have a cluster source
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00856-00174408-00174583 produced by a laser
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00857-00174584-00174854 this cluster source is collimated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00858-00174855-00175007 and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00859-00175008-00175375 cluster source is in mixture with a gas
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00860-00175376-00175519 and therefore this gas and the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00861-00175520-00175695 source goes through a series of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00862-00175696-00175799 apertures
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00863-00175800-00176014 and then a field gradient as shown here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00864-00176015-00176199 so it goes through a field gradient and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00865-00176200-00176495 this field gradient deflects the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00866-00176496-00176671 ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00867-00176672-00176871 particles depending on their magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00868-00176872-00177023 moment and their mass
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00869-00177024-00177190 and finally the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00870-00177191-00177399 to detect the particles we ionize these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00871-00177400-00177590 clusters and finally use a time of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00872-00177591-00177807 flight mass spectrometer to deflect it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00873-00177808-00177883 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00874-00177884-00178151 finally back calculate the magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00875-00178152-00178454 moment on these clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00876-00178455-00178678 now obviously as we can note
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00877-00178679-00178799 that there are issues regarding the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00878-00178800-00178943 measurement of magnetic particle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00879-00178944-00179151 properties of nano materials which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00880-00179152-00179319 quite unique to nano materials and they
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00881-00179320-00179487 are quite different from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00882-00179488-00179663 their bulk counterparts
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00883-00179664-00179838 so needless to say
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00884-00179839-00180063 that the measurement of magnetic part
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00885-00180064-00180199 properties of clusters and nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00886-00180200-00180423 structures is challenging as compared to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00887-00180424-00180671 their bulk counterparts in clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00888-00180672-00180823 magnetic moment is a sensitive function
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00889-00180824-00181023 of the number of atoms in the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00890-00181024-00181175 that means we need to know the number of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00891-00181176-00181343 atoms precisely
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00892-00181344-00181519 in the case of a bulk it does not matter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00893-00181520-00181814 to us that if the bulk actually is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00894-00181815-00181999 one centimeter bulk or one point one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00895-00182000-00182143 centimeter bulk but in the case of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00896-00182144-00182319 nanoparticles and nanoclusters we need
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00897-00182320-00182495 to know that what are the precise number
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00898-00182496-00182726 of atoms in the cluster
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00899-00182727-00182911 coagulation and contamination of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00900-00182912-00183054 clusters and nanocrystal is a serious
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00901-00183055-00183135 issue
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00902-00183136-00183343 and this contamination may take place
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00903-00183344-00183543 either during production or during
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00904-00183544-00183799 measurements and has to be avoided
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00905-00183800-00183902 because
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00906-00183903-00184095 small amounts of contaminants can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00907-00184096-00184351 severely alter the properties of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00908-00184352-00184607 magnetic nanoparticles a good example of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00909-00184608-00184847 this would be the surface oxidation of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00910-00184848-00185247 the cobalt magnetic particle on surface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00911-00185248-00185407 oxidation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00912-00185408-00185575 you actually form a cobalt oxide on the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00913-00185576-00185814 surface and the cobalt cobalt oxide
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00914-00185815-00185911 system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00915-00185912-00186111 has a very different magnetic behavior
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00916-00186112-00186319 which we will consider shortly and which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00917-00186320-00186550 is at the heart of a phenomena known as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00918-00186551-00186790 the exchange anisotropy therefore we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00919-00186791-00187023 should avoid any kind of contamination
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00920-00187024-00187175 or any kind of reaction with the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00921-00187176-00187511 atmosphere during production or during
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00922-00187512-00187695 the measurement process
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00923-00187696-00187854 ah as you know temperature plays a very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00924-00187855-00188014 key role in the magnetic behavior of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00925-00188015-00188254 nano scale systems because reduction in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00926-00188255-00188447 size is equivalent to increase in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00927-00188448-00188702 temperature and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00928-00188703-00188838 when we assume that the temperature of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00929-00188839-00189014 the system is a particular number we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00930-00189015-00189247 have to assume its precisely measured
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00931-00189248-00189407 and is constant at the level of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00932-00189408-00189671 cluster and not merely at the is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00933-00189672-00189895 average temperature of the chamber so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00934-00189896-00190078 not only we should precisely
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00935-00190079-00190247 measure the temperature but control it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00936-00190248-00190471 at the level of the clusters
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00937-00190472-00190671 the spin alignment in nano scale systems
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00938-00190672-00190847 which we will consider in detail in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00939-00190848-00190966 coming slides
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00940-00190967-00191135 could be very different from the bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00941-00191136-00191390 counter parts and hence when you try to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00942-00191391-00191559 back calculate using a model or use a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00943-00191560-00191878 model to understand experiments then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00944-00191879-00192126 the precise geometry of the system and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00945-00192127-00192375 the spins which orientation therein
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00946-00192376-00192566 has to be taken into account that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00947-00192567-00192766 we should know the geometry of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00948-00192767-00192926 nanostructure we should know the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00949-00192927-00193047 alignment of spins there in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00950-00193048-00193238 nanostructure and we should also take
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00951-00193239-00193471 into account the surface effects else
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00952-00193472-00193671 the model will not be able to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00953-00193672-00193838 satisfactorily either understand the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00954-00193839-00194007 experiment or predict properties based
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00955-00194008-00194263 on the experiment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00956-00194264-00194471 in the case of particles in a substrate
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00957-00194472-00194631 or embedded in embedded magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00958-00194632-00194823 nanoparticles we have to remember that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00959-00194824-00195071 this is no longer a free system that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00960-00195072-00195278 means the properties of an particle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00961-00195279-00195559 which is in intimate contact with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00962-00195560-00195790 for instance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00963-00195791-00196047 with a substrate or a matrix
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00964-00196048-00196166 is very very could be very very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00965-00196167-00196311 different from the free standing nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00966-00196312-00196575 particle and the role of this interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00967-00196576-00196799 of the substrate be very very pronounced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00968-00196800-00197159 and often this interface could play
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00969-00197160-00197343 could alter the properties of the nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00970-00197344-00197495 particle altogether
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00971-00197496-00197678 and also we should remember that if you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00972-00197679-00197871 talk about a single isolated free
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00973-00197872-00198071 standing nano particle its magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00974-00198072-00198247 properties could be somewhat different
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00975-00198248-00198543 from that of many clusters placed in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00976-00198544-00198719 proximity in other words now the system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00977-00198720-00198887 is the nano particles are not free and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00978-00198888-00199054 they talk to each other and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00979-00199055-00199223 collective behavior could be very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00980-00199224-00199383 different from that of the single
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00981-00199384-00199663 isolated nanoparticle either free or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00982-00199664-00199895 deposited on a substrate or embedded in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00983-00199896-00199966 a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00984-00199967-00200143 matrix
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00985-00200144-00200359 and therefore did but also we have noted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00986-00200360-00200511 that deducing the properties of free
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00987-00200512-00200735 standing nano particles from those ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00988-00200736-00200854 measured could be very difficult in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00989-00200855-00201014 other words suppose i i make my
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00990-00201015-00201278 measurements on ah nano particles which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00991-00201279-00201495 have been deposited on a substrate and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00992-00201496-00201647 from there i try to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00993-00201648-00201814 back calculate that what would be the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00994-00201815-00201966 properties of a free standing nano
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00995-00201967-00202199 particle this could be an arduous task
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00996-00202200-00202375 and sometimes will not give the correct
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00997-00202376-00202478 results
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00998-00202479-00202671 therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-00999-00202672-00202895 to summarize this slide issues regarding
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01000-00202896-00203031 the measurement of magnetic particles
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01001-00203032-00203207 are many a few of them we have taken up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01002-00203208-00203438 in the slide but as you can see that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01003-00203439-00203735 unless some of the issues regarding
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01004-00203736-00203878 for instance the purity of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01005-00203879-00204054 nanoparticle the temperature of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01006-00204055-00204150 system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01007-00204151-00204343 the actual knowledge regarding the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01008-00204344-00204550 number of atoms in the system the kind
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01009-00204551-00204695 of models which have been taken into
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01010-00204696-00204903 account in the underlying ah model like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01011-00204904-00205119 in terms of the spin alignment etcetera
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01012-00205119-00205334 have to be specially
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01013-00205335-00205551 constructed for these nano clusters and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01014-00205552-00205790 nanoparticles and we cannot merely
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01015-00205791-00206079 extrapolate from the their bulk counter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01016-00206080-00206206 parts
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01017-00206207-00206406 and also we loaded noted last but not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01018-00206407-00206694 the least that isolated nano particles
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01019-00206696-00206919 could be very different from those
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01020-00206919-00207166 which are in proximity to similar kind
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01021-00207167-00207319 of nano particles or nano particles of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01022-00207319-00207542 different types and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01023-00207544-00207686 ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01024-00207687-00207886 the surrounding medium is or the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01025-00207887-00208031 surrounding environment to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01026-00208032-00208231 nanoparticle or the nano cluster is also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01027-00208232-00208406 of lot of importance when you try to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01028-00208407-00208631 deduce the properties next we take up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01029-00208632-00208879 magnetism in thin films and hybrids
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01030-00208880-00209031 and we had pointed out while we talked
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01031-00209032-00209175 about thin films that there are couple
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01032-00209176-00209431 of important things that in thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01033-00209432-00209590 of magnetic materials ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01034-00209591-00209839 materials you actually observe what you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01035-00209840-00210055 might call nail walls which are not
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01036-00210056-00210206 found in typically in bulk materials
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01037-00210207-00210375 where you actually observe what you call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01038-00210376-00210519 domain walls which are called block
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01039-00210519-00210639 walls
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01040-00210640-00210727 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01041-00210728-00210863 interestingly we will talk when we talk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01042-00210864-00211031 about magnetism and hybrids we will come
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01043-00211032-00211223 across very interesting phenomena later
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01044-00211223-00211431 on first let us talk about this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01045-00211432-00211606 dimensionality of the system when we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01046-00211607-00211767 talked about previously about the thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01047-00211767-00212015 films we noted that the magnetization is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01048-00212016-00212255 in in plane and there are no components
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01049-00212256-00212463 of magnetization out of plane of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01050-00212464-00212631 this is only true for very thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01051-00212632-00212815 and when the system size grows you would
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01052-00212816-00212975 note that there is an out of plane
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01053-00212976-00213134 component of magnetization or the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01054-00213135-00213303 orientation of the spins which means the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01055-00213304-00213606 system starts to behave like a 3d system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01056-00213607-00213863 so when is this transition from a 2d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01057-00213864-00214046 behavior to a 3d behavior is what we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01058-00214048-00214175 noting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01059-00214176-00214327 so people have studied of course these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01060-00214328-00214503 thin films cannot be free standing thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01061-00214504-00214631 films because they would tend to work
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01062-00214632-00214775 and they are difficult to study
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01063-00214776-00215046 typically these thin films are grown on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01064-00215048-00215279 a substrate and in the case of nickel
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01065-00215280-00215431 films which have been studied on a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01066-00215432-00215606 copper one zero zero substrate of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01067-00215607-00215782 its copper is chosen because copper is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01068-00215783-00215982 not a magnetic material often you may
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01069-00215983-00216151 also notice that in some of these system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01070-00216152-00216319 studied the film may actually be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01071-00216319-00216671 epitaxial with respect to the substrate
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01072-00216671-00216839 now in the case of the nickel films on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01073-00216840-00217031 copper substrates and the copper one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01074-00217032-00217175 zero zero single crystal substrate has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01075-00217176-00217358 been used in the experiment when the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01076-00217359-00217542 thickness of the nickel film is greater
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01077-00217544-00217727 than about seven monolayers that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01078-00217728-00217958 this is very very thin film regime the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01079-00217959-00218079 systems
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01080-00218080-00218271 behaves like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01081-00218271-00218446 a 3d heisenberg ferromagnet in other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01082-00218448-00218671 words it becomes a 3d ferromagnet that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01083-00218671-00218879 means with spins out of plane when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01084-00218880-00219191 already the system size is only about 7
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01085-00219192-00219431 mono layers on the other hand below 7
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01086-00219432-00219631 mono layers it behaves like a 2d system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01087-00219632-00219823 in other words all the spins are in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01088-00219823-00219903 plane
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01089-00219904-00220134 while in the 3d system spins can be out
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01090-00220135-00220375 of plane so this implies that you can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01091-00220376-00220615 have a transition from 2d to 3d behavior
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01092-00220616-00220798 in these nickel films which are grown on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01093-00220800-00220958 copper substrates
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01094-00220959-00221294 for a very thin size of film like about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01095-00221296-00221471 seven mono layers so below seven
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01096-00221471-00221606 monolayers you actually have two d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01097-00221607-00221846 system when all the spins are in plane
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01098-00221848-00222046 and above seven mono layers the system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01099-00222048-00222182 starts to behave like a three d ferro
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01100-00222183-00222391 magnet wherein the spins have an out of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01101-00222392-00222606 plane component also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01102-00222607-00222742 which means that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01103-00222744-00223006 now correspondingly then the nil wall
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01104-00223007-00223231 which we talked about wherein all the ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01105-00223232-00223510 spins are rotating in plane would also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01106-00223511-00223710 have a certain out of plane component in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01107-00223711-00223879 such kind of systems
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01108-00223880-00224039 if in of course we are now that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01109-00224040-00224215 that we are talking about a multi domain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01110-00224216-00224391 system in the film if you have to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01111-00224392-00224527 consider that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01112-00224528-00224703 the next thing we talk about in these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01113-00224704-00224831 thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01114-00224832-00225055 is the the case of the query temperature
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01115-00225056-00225191 and thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01116-00225192-00225415 we had noted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01117-00225416-00225534 earlier itself that the query
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01118-00225535-00225767 temperature actually varies with size in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01119-00225767-00226046 the case of iron one zero zero films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01120-00226048-00226287 grown epic actually on the silver one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01121-00226288-00226455 one one films that mean my substrate is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01122-00226456-00226694 now silver one one one substrate and you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01123-00226696-00226903 are actually growing a iron one zero
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01124-00226904-00227119 zero film on it and again we are in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01125-00227119-00227279 what you might call the very thin regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01126-00227280-00227471 wherein we are tracking the layers layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01127-00227471-00227631 by layer that means is one mono layer or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01128-00227632-00227894 two monolayer or three monolayer now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01129-00227896-00228079 when you are talking about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01130-00228080-00228358 these thin films we notice that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01131-00228359-00228527 query temperature can actually be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01132-00228528-00228719 reduced with respect to the bulk value
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01133-00228719-00228927 because we already told that decreasing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01134-00228928-00229079 the size in some sense is like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01135-00229080-00229231 increasing the temperature and when you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01136-00229232-00229382 increase the temperature what happens is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01137-00229383-00229527 that there is a ferromagnetic to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01138-00229528-00229782 paramagnetic transition which means that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01139-00229783-00229919 actually you are crossing the curie
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01140-00229919-00230158 temperature so this is clear
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01141-00230159-00230310 so when i plot the thickness of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01142-00230311-00230542 mono layers with respect to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01143-00230544-00230631 t c
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01144-00230632-00230767 and of course now i am normalizing this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01145-00230767-00230927 tc with respect to the tc of the bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01146-00230928-00231071 material which is what we normally call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01147-00231071-00231255 the query temperature you would notice
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01148-00231256-00231391 that of course for large sizes of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01149-00231392-00231598 monolayers more than about 50 monolayers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01150-00231600-00231767 you approach the approach the bulk limit
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01151-00231767-00231998 that mean t c by t c bulb becomes one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01152-00232000-00232191 but as you go down to the very thin mono
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01153-00232192-00232382 regime the query temperature actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01154-00232383-00232471 falls
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01155-00232471-00232639 in other words in this very thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01156-00232640-00232919 monolayers less than about 20 monolayers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01157-00232919-00233142 you can see that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01158-00233144-00233375 exchange coupling is not able to fight
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01159-00233376-00233551 against the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01160-00233552-00233710 thermal disordering that effectively
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01161-00233711-00233831 because they are not just not enough
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01162-00233832-00234015 number of atoms in this layer which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01163-00234016-00234198 implies that the query temperature is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01164-00234200-00234342 going to be reduced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01165-00234344-00234487 in the case we are talking about here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01166-00234488-00234734 the ion one one one zero film on silver
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01167-00234735-00235039 one one one ah substrate ah the query
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01168-00235040-00235215 temperature can actually be depressed by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01169-00235216-00235398 about hundred kelvin with respect to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01170-00235400-00235534 bulk that means you can approach about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01171-00235535-00235751 10 percent of the bulk value ah when you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01172-00235752-00236031 are in the regime of about 1.5 monolayer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01173-00236032-00236151 thick films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01174-00236152-00236303 that means that in these thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01175-00236304-00236391 again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01176-00236392-00236558 like because it is a reduced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01177-00236559-00236823 dimensionality system the thermal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01178-00236823-00236942 disordering effects become very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01179-00236944-00237246 important on magnetization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01180-00237248-00237606 so therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01181-00237607-00237742 though there is this possibility we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01182-00237744-00237855 introduce that in a reduced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01183-00237856-00238087 dimensionality system there is this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01184-00238088-00238287 enhanced magnetism per
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01185-00238288-00238431 atom we can obtain that means the number
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01186-00238432-00238646 of bore magnetons i get for an atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01187-00238648-00238831 increases that is possibility is there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01188-00238832-00239063 but then this is also fighting against
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01189-00239064-00239175 thermal disordering effects and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01190-00239176-00239294 therefore we will have to cool the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01191-00239296-00239591 system to actually obtain that value of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01192-00239592-00239727 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01193-00239728-00240015 what you call the pos or the potential
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01194-00240016-00240527 magnetization per atom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01195-00240528-00240663 before we take up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01196-00240664-00240942 what you might call magnetism in hybrids
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01197-00240944-00241087 let us summarize this slide by saying
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01198-00241088-00241351 that in very thin films ah you have a 2d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01199-00241352-00241534 kind of a behavior and this very thin we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01200-00241535-00241687 mean is in the order of a few mono
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01201-00241688-00241982 layers and here as i pointed out we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01202-00241983-00242151 not really studying free standing thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01203-00242152-00242287 films because free standing thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01204-00242288-00242430 are difficult to study so these are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01205-00242431-00242679 typically films which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01206-00242680-00242887 grown either a bit actually or otherwise
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01207-00242888-00243046 on some kind of a substrate typically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01208-00243048-00243206 the substrate used of choice is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01209-00243207-00243415 non-magnetic material like copper or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01210-00243416-00243663 silver which is a single crystal and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01211-00243664-00243934 these single crystalline over layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01212-00243935-00244071 when they are in the small size regime
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01213-00244071-00244246 typically we have like 2d system and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01214-00244248-00244398 later on they start to behave like a 3d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01215-00244400-00244591 system for thicker sizes additionally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01216-00244592-00244806 these very thin films can actually have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01217-00244807-00244967 a depression in what you might call the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01218-00244967-00245158 query temperature with respect to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01219-00245159-00245510 bulk of a large value that means it can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01220-00245511-00245679 actually reduce to about 10 percent or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01221-00245680-00245903 more for very thin films for when when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01222-00245904-00246015 you are trying to find the query
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01223-00246016-00246303 temperature of these thin films
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01224-00246304-00246510 next we take up magnetism of hybri of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01225-00246511-00246767 hybrids and in this context we will take
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01226-00246767-00247006 up the important phenomena known as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01227-00247007-00247327 giant magneto resistance or called as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01228-00247328-00247487 gmr
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01229-00247488-00247663 for short
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01230-00247664-00247839 it is important to know we had earlier
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01231-00247840-00247951 noted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01232-00247952-00248167 a concept known as the anisotropic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01233-00248167-00248406 magnetoresistance and we are noted that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01234-00248407-00248575 that magnetoresistance value is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01235-00248576-00248815 typically about five percent that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01236-00248816-00248982 in the presence of the magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01237-00248983-00249158 and in the absence of the magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01238-00249159-00249358 the resistance value changes only about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01239-00249359-00249582 by five percent we are also talked about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01240-00249583-00249758 an important contact concept in that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01241-00249759-00250071 context that was the concept of the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01242-00250071-00250223 dependent scattering that means the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01243-00250223-00250423 resistance is coming from a new kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01244-00250423-00250623 a phenomena which is not the usual
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01245-00250623-00250903 charge scattering arising due to phonons
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01246-00250904-00251055 or impurities but what you might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01247-00251056-00251367 this spin dependence scattering
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01248-00251367-00251479 the important thing in giant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01249-00251480-00251694 magnetoresistance the word giant implies
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01250-00251696-00251879 that the the change in resistance could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01251-00251880-00252142 be of the order of 80 percent or more so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01252-00252144-00252279 this is a very important point that is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01253-00252280-00252391 why it is called giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01254-00252392-00252606 resistance and there is also a related
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01255-00252607-00252719 phenomena or a different kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01256-00252719-00252879 phenomenon known as colossal magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01257-00252880-00253046 resistance which we will not talk about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01258-00253048-00253215 in this course but this giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01259-00253216-00253415 resistance is not the same as colossal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01260-00253416-00253663 magneto resistance another important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01261-00253664-00253839 point about giant magneto resistance is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01262-00253840-00254087 that is actually found in hybrids that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01263-00254088-00254230 means its found only in composite
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01264-00254231-00254510 structures um it can there are cases
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01265-00254511-00254639 where giant magnetoresistance has been
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01266-00254640-00254823 reported in other kind of systems also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01267-00254823-00254991 but the classical system is that of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01268-00254992-00255158 hybrid
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01269-00255159-00255287 so what is the configuration which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01270-00255288-00255534 giving me this giant magneto resistance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01271-00255535-00255846 it is typically a non magnetic layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01272-00255848-00256239 in lying in between two magnetic layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01273-00256240-00256358 this is of course the simplest
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01274-00256359-00256558 configuration you can think of let me
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01275-00256559-00256727 talk about for instance in this case
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01276-00256728-00256919 example given here you have two layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01277-00256919-00257071 of iron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01278-00257071-00257175 which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01279-00257176-00257358 ah ferromagnetic and there is a non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01280-00257359-00257646 magnetic layer like chromium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01281-00257648-00257823 the thickness of this chromium layer is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01282-00257823-00258006 very very important as we shall see soon
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01283-00258007-00258127 and typically it is of the order of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01284-00258128-00258319 about nine angstroms the thicken of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01285-00258319-00258615 iron layer is about 30 angstroms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01286-00258616-00258839 in instead of making one single sandwich
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01287-00258840-00258958 structure like this you could actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01288-00258959-00259223 repeat this structure to form a larger
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01289-00259223-00259487 layer structure consisting of these ions
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01290-00259488-00259671 and these chromiums
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01291-00259671-00259934 and this kind of a multi layer super
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01292-00259935-00260655 lattice
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01293-00260656-00260887 structure can actually give you an even
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01294-00260888-00261094 higher enhanced value of giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01295-00261096-00261246 resistance but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01296-00261248-00261391 the overall physics can easily be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01297-00261392-00261542 understood by considering only a three
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01298-00261544-00261782 layer system consisting of two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01299-00261783-00262063 ferromagnetic materials and an non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01300-00262064-00262303 ferromagnetic interlayer between the two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01301-00262304-00262471 of course its as i told you the non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01302-00262472-00262655 ferro non magnetic layers thickness is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01303-00262656-00262847 very very important and it has to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01304-00262848-00263087 of a very specific size the reason is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01305-00263088-00263175 that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01306-00263176-00263334 depending on this size of the non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01307-00263335-00263551 magnetic layer there is an anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01308-00263552-00263775 ferromagnetic coupling between the two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01309-00263776-00263934 layers of iron
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01310-00263935-00264175 that means the two layers of iron one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01311-00264176-00264423 layer has magnetization pointing in one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01312-00264424-00264623 direction and the other layer has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01313-00264624-00264775 magnetization pointing in the other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01314-00264776-00264982 direction i have chosen a configuration
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01315-00264983-00265167 known as the magnetization in plane and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01316-00265168-00265303 there are other configurations where
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01317-00265304-00265495 magnetization perpendicular to plane
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01318-00265496-00265655 also is possible but the essential
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01319-00265656-00265863 physics again does not change so in this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01320-00265864-00266015 case you have one magnetic layer which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01321-00266016-00266167 is pointing in this direction that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01322-00266168-00266399 all the spins in this top layer is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01323-00266400-00266558 pointing to the right while all the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01324-00266559-00266727 spins of course again we are ignoring
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01325-00266728-00266863 the interface spins which could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01326-00266864-00267006 little distorted and the surface pins
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01327-00267007-00267158 which could be distorted we leave that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01328-00267159-00267406 out and in this layer all are pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01329-00267407-00267743 towards the left this antiferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01330-00267744-00267967 coupling is a weak coupling coming from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01331-00267968-00268175 a phenomenon known as the rkky type of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01332-00268176-00268430 coupling and in rkky coupling depending
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01333-00268431-00268558 on the distance between the two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01334-00268559-00268791 ferromagnetic layers the coupling can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01335-00268792-00269015 either be ferromagnetic or can be anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01336-00269016-00269191 ferromagnetic that means you have by two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01337-00269192-00269358 layers at a certain distance if it is of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01338-00269359-00269479 course joining together then it will be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01339-00269480-00269655 ferromagnetic coupling at a certain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01340-00269656-00269758 distance it will become
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01341-00269759-00269943 antiferromagnetic coupling at a certain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01342-00269944-00270047 larger distance it will become
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01343-00270048-00270255 ferromagnetic again that means there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01344-00270256-00270479 an oscillatory coupling between these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01345-00270480-00270679 two layers and this is called the rkky
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01346-00270680-00270847 coupling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01347-00270848-00271015 coming from others whose name start as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01348-00271016-00271182 ruderman and kettle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01349-00271183-00271287 therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01350-00271288-00271543 so you see that this is at the heart of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01351-00271544-00271703 the understanding of the what you meant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01352-00271704-00271895 call giant magneto resistance in other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01353-00271896-00272103 words there are two layers and in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01354-00272104-00272303 absence of any external magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01355-00272304-00272495 the two layers of the ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01356-00272496-00272719 material are anti ferromagnetically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01357-00272720-00272910 coupled i am not saying they have become
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01358-00272911-00273055 anti ferromagnetic these individual
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01359-00273056-00273239 layers continue to be ferromagnetic but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01360-00273240-00273391 the coupling between these two layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01361-00273392-00273615 which i call layer one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01362-00273616-00273847 and layer two are anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01363-00273848-00273967 that means they point in opposite
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01364-00273968-00274103 directions now what happens when you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01365-00274104-00274327 passing a current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01366-00274328-00274551 and when you pass a current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01367-00274552-00274758 through a ferromagnetic material then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01368-00274759-00275887 the current becomes spin polarized
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01369-00275888-00276079 and when the current that means when you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01370-00276080-00276271 are passing an uh current in a normal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01371-00276272-00276487 material the spins are pointing randomly
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01372-00276488-00276751 well if you pass the current through a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01373-00276752-00276910 ferromagnetic material the spins get
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01374-00276911-00277087 polarized because now all these pins in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01375-00277088-00277279 the ferromagnetic material are pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01376-00277280-00277487 in the same direction that means now you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01377-00277488-00277695 have a spin polarized current that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01378-00277696-00277871 not only is the charge being transported
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01379-00277872-00278095 to the ferromagnetic material spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01380-00278096-00278215 also being transported to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01381-00278216-00278439 ferromagnetic material now let me draw
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01382-00278440-00278647 this schematically like this so now you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01383-00278648-00278887 have a ferromagnetic material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01384-00278888-00279055 in which all the spins are pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01385-00279056-00279382 upward say for instance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01386-00279383-00279591 and now you have an material which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01387-00279592-00280855 non magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01388-00280856-00281023 for now i will assume that this is again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01389-00281024-00281206 a long piece of material which is non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01390-00281207-00281847 magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01391-00281848-00282055 so when i pass current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01392-00282056-00282247 through this material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01393-00282248-00282471 this spin gets pin polarized the current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01394-00282472-00282591 which is flowing this of course the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01395-00282592-00282847 fixed charges on lattices this fixed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01396-00282848-00283023 magnetic moments in the material but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01397-00283024-00283143 this is the one which is carrying the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01398-00283144-00283351 current and that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01399-00283352-00283519 thus i am drawing separately in lead and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01400-00283520-00283782 therefore the current the charges become
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01401-00283783-00283982 spin polarized and this is travelling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01402-00283983-00284175 therefore when it crosses the interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01403-00284176-00284415 this material is non-magnetic and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01404-00284416-00284591 spin polarization would actually die
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01405-00284592-00284751 down from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01406-00284752-00284951 after a certain length
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01407-00284952-00285079 and this length is called the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01408-00285080-00286182 diffusion length
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01409-00286183-00286310 in other words
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01410-00286311-00286471 in the magnetic material when the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01411-00286472-00286647 current is flowing it becomes pin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01412-00286648-00286863 polarized but since this material is non
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01413-00286864-00287079 magnetic there is there is no internal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01414-00287080-00287310 field or no internal spin polarization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01415-00287311-00287527 to keep the current as pin polarized and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01416-00287528-00287703 after a certain distance when it travels
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01417-00287704-00287910 in the non magnetic material it loses
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01418-00287911-00288063 its spin memory in other words it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01419-00288064-00288287 becomes after the spin diffusion length
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01420-00288288-00288423 it rather
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01421-00288424-00288654 its spin memory is lost and it becomes
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01422-00288655-00288871 the spins become randomly oriented now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01423-00288872-00289103 the important point to note is that this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01424-00289104-00289351 intermediate non magnetic layer has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01425-00289352-00289479 very small thickness that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01426-00289480-00289751 typically its thickness is less than the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01427-00289752-00289958 spin diffusion length which implies that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01428-00289959-00290230 the midi the spin current flows across
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01429-00290231-00290406 the non magnetic layer without the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01430-00290407-00290558 memory being lost so that is a very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01431-00290559-00290734 important point so i have a spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01432-00290735-00290895 polarized current coming from the top
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01433-00290896-00291095 layer which goes down to the bottom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01434-00291096-00291230 layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01435-00291231-00291479 now what is happening initially
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01436-00291480-00291647 since the magnetization of the first
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01437-00291648-00291910 material is in this direction if there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01438-00291911-00292127 are any spins in the current originally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01439-00292128-00292295 pointing in the wrong direction like for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01440-00292296-00292399 instance you might have a normal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01441-00292400-00292558 conductor actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01442-00292559-00292727 injecting electrons into into this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01443-00292728-00292951 ferromagnetic layer those pins will get
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01444-00292952-00293095 scattered preferentially which are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01445-00293096-00293263 pointing in the wrong direction that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01446-00293264-00293382 means this kind of a spin which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01447-00293383-00293551 pointing to the left will get scattered
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01448-00293552-00293751 more preferentially as compared to a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01449-00293752-00293951 spin in another electron which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01450-00293952-00294143 preferentially oriented with respect to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01451-00294144-00294319 the magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01452-00294320-00294487 so spins which are wrongly pointed gets
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01453-00294488-00294695 scattered and now this resistance which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01454-00294696-00294799 that means if they are scattered that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01455-00294800-00295006 means its contributing to resistance and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01456-00295007-00295223 this is purely coming from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01457-00295224-00295447 spin polarization related scattering
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01458-00295448-00295623 that means its spin related scattering
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01459-00295624-00295871 and not the usual phononic or impurity
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01460-00295872-00295999 kind of scattering which we have talked
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01461-00296000-00296119 about before so this is a new kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01462-00296120-00296287 phenomena and therefore what is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01463-00296288-00296423 happening here is that you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01464-00296424-00296679 resistance arising from that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01465-00296680-00296934 and therefore when the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01466-00296935-00297167 when the charges cross this interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01467-00297168-00297367 and come to the chromium layer you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01468-00297368-00297558 a spin polarized current in which all
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01469-00297559-00297734 the spins are pointing towards the right
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01470-00297735-00297879 direction which is the direction of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01471-00297880-00298127 magnetization in the layer one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01472-00298128-00298279 and this when polar as a point of this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01473-00298280-00298423 chromium layer is thin thin enough such
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01474-00298424-00298599 that it is smaller than this ah spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01475-00298600-00298775 diffusion length that means that when it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01476-00298776-00298967 goes to layer number two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01477-00298968-00299223 you have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01478-00299224-00299406 another magnetic layer but unfortunately
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01479-00299407-00299639 this magnetic layer the magnetization is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01480-00299640-00299775 in the opposite direction with respect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01481-00299776-00299934 to the first one that means there will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01482-00299935-00300151 be a strong spin dependent scattering in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01483-00300152-00300295 the second layer the layer two will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01484-00300296-00300430 scatter all these electrons very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01485-00300431-00300647 strongly in other words you will have an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01486-00300648-00300871 high resistance state
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01487-00300872-00301063 so this is very very interesting now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01488-00301064-00301239 that i am producing a high resistance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01489-00301240-00301415 state just by anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01490-00301416-00301647 coupling two layers by using a spacer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01491-00301648-00301871 layer and using spin dependent
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01492-00301872-00302071 scattering as a mechanism for increase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01493-00302072-00302175 in resistance so you have a high
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01494-00302176-00302382 resistance state in the absence of any
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01495-00302383-00302567 external magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01496-00302568-00302839 now suppose what happens when i put
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01497-00302840-00303047 an external magnetic field h
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01498-00303048-00303215 what happens now is that in the presence
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01499-00303216-00303423 of an external magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01500-00303424-00303503 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01501-00303504-00303767 magnetization vectors in the bottom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01502-00303768-00303934 layer are also pointing in the same
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01503-00303935-00304143 directions and we already noted the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01504-00304144-00304319 polarized current in the middle air when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01505-00304320-00304534 it crosses is pointing towards the right
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01506-00304535-00304663 so when it comes down to the bottom
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01507-00304664-00304839 layer there is nothing which is impeding
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01508-00304840-00304975 it in fact it is going to reinforce this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01509-00304976-00305127 pin polarized current and the current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01510-00305128-00305327 can flow unimpeded that means you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01511-00305328-00306479 obtained a low resistance state
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01512-00306480-00306654 in the presence of a magnetic field of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01513-00306655-00306791 course why is this external magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01514-00306792-00306943 field easily able to switch the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01515-00306944-00307134 magnetization direction because we said
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01516-00307135-00307310 that this r k k y coupling is actually a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01517-00307311-00307439 weak coupling its not a very strong
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01518-00307440-00307591 coupling so when you apply an external
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01519-00307592-00307782 magnetic field this weak
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01520-00307783-00307927 anti ferromagnetic coupling is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01521-00307928-00308079 overridden and you have both the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01522-00308080-00308263 magnetization both the layers layer one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01523-00308264-00308382 and layer two pointing in the same
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01524-00308383-00308591 direction so now we have a very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01525-00308592-00308887 interesting effect which is coming from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01526-00308888-00309030 ah which is definitely in the domain of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01527-00309031-00309239 nano magnetism coming from composites or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01528-00309240-00309503 hybrids made of magnetic layers and of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01529-00309504-00309654 course you have to as i pointed out you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01530-00309655-00309934 have to include a non magnetic layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01531-00309935-00310071 which could be a conductor as in this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01532-00310072-00310287 case or a could be a resistant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01533-00310288-00310454 or a dielectric especially in the next
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01534-00310455-00310615 slide
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01535-00310616-00310695 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01536-00310696-00310975 to summarize this slide number one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01537-00310976-00311230 you could have very high values of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01538-00311231-00311375 magneto resistance which are called
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01539-00311376-00311582 giant magneto resistance which is coming
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01540-00311583-00311751 in hybrids which exceeds the value of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01541-00311752-00312039 about eighty percent unlike the case of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01542-00312040-00312127 normal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01543-00312128-00312303 anisotropic magnetoresistance where you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01544-00312304-00312495 expect a value of about five percents
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01545-00312496-00312654 that means the state in the presence of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01546-00312655-00312847 the magnetic field is different in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01547-00312848-00312991 resistance from the state in the absence
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01548-00312992-00313247 of a magnetic field and there is at this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01549-00313248-00313375 differences of the order of eighty
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01550-00313376-00313543 percent in these structures
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01551-00313544-00313710 a typical structure consists of two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01552-00313711-00313910 ferromagnetic materials which with a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01553-00313911-00314151 spacer in between with a very small
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01554-00314152-00314430 thickness of about nine angstroms
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01555-00314431-00314639 and this spacer it plays an important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01556-00314640-00314847 role of anti ferromagnetically coupling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01557-00314848-00315023 the two layers which they themselves are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01558-00315024-00315151 very thin this is of the order of three
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01559-00315152-00315382 nanometers you can see that the layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01560-00315383-00315543 and actually you can make a multi layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01561-00315544-00315695 super lattice which will give you an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01562-00315696-00315887 enhanced value of this effect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01563-00315888-00316063 the essential at the heart of it is two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01564-00316064-00316319 phenomena one is the weak rky coupling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01565-00316320-00316463 reading to this anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01566-00316464-00316687 coupling number two is the spin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01567-00316688-00316847 polarized current
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01568-00316848-00317006 which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01569-00317007-00317079 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01570-00317080-00317263 spin dependent
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01571-00317264-00317479 scattering giving rise to resistance and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01572-00317480-00317687 finally noting that in the presence of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01573-00317688-00317879 magnetic field i have a low resistance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01574-00317880-00318087 that means now i have a control to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01575-00318088-00318319 switch this material from a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01576-00318320-00318534 ferromagnetic or a low resistance state
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01577-00318535-00318758 to a high resistance state by using an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01578-00318759-00318943 external magnetic field and therefore i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01579-00318944-00319103 have control over the resistance of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01580-00319104-00319334 material by using an external magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01581-00319335-00319534 field this gives us lot of interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01582-00319535-00319719 rich possibilities and important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01583-00319720-00319927 applications
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01584-00319928-00320006 now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01585-00320007-00320167 some of these applications will cite in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01586-00320168-00320319 this slide
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01587-00320320-00320534 i pointed out that when you are dealing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01588-00320535-00320710 with the system i can actually replace
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01589-00320711-00320975 this non magnetic layer in between with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01590-00320976-00321110 what you might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01591-00321111-00321334 as a dielectric material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01592-00321335-00321575 now um before we come to that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01593-00321576-00321767 we will talk about another interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01594-00321768-00321919 structure which is based on this concept
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01595-00321920-00322175 which is the concept of gmr ins the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01596-00322176-00322382 concept of gmr and sandwich structures a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01597-00322383-00322630 spin valve gmr also has been devised in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01598-00322631-00322799 a spin valve the two ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01599-00322800-00323015 layers have different coercivities and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01600-00323016-00323199 can be switched at different field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01601-00323200-00323334 strengths so we are getting additional
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01602-00323335-00323454 control here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01603-00323455-00323663 in earlier we applied one magnetic field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01604-00323664-00323775 and we got
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01605-00323776-00323927 the anti ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01606-00323928-00324047 coupling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01607-00324048-00324247 but here what we are doing is that we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01608-00324248-00324327 have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01609-00324328-00324454 different coercivities for the two
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01610-00324455-00324615 layers and we can actually switch one of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01611-00324616-00324839 those preferentially
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01612-00324840-00324999 so this is what you call the spin valve
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01613-00325000-00325095 structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01614-00325096-00325295 now and this pin valve implies that now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01615-00325296-00325510 i am able to control the spin dynamics
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01616-00325511-00325710 which means that i can i enter a new
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01617-00325711-00325934 domain known as the spintronics wherein
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01618-00325935-00326134 we i would like i can manipulate charge
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01619-00326135-00326319 and do electronics i am able to control
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01620-00326320-00326519 the spin of materials and do spintronics
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01621-00326520-00326671 so this is a very interesting domain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01622-00326672-00326879 which of magnetism which is gaining
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01623-00326880-00327110 prominence of recent times
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01624-00327111-00327303 and as i pointed out that an extension
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01625-00327304-00327471 of spin valves can be obtained by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01626-00327472-00327663 replacing the non ferromagnetic layer by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01627-00327664-00327847 a thin insulating layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01628-00327848-00328119 a thin insulating layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01629-00328120-00328510 is otherwise called a tunnel barrier
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01630-00328511-00328703 and in this corresponding case
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01631-00328704-00328891 the effect is known as tunnel
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01632-00328892-00329078 magnetoresistance the critical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01633-00329079-00329254 difference between the two is that in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01634-00329255-00329406 the previous case of giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01635-00329407-00329582 resistance the inter layer was a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01636-00329583-00329734 conductor that means the electrons could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01637-00329735-00329967 easily flow in this case
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01638-00329968-00330158 it is an insulator that means that now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01639-00330159-00330327 the electrons can have to tunnel through
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01640-00330328-00330478 this barrier and we have already
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01641-00330479-00330663 discussed about the concept of tunneling
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01642-00330664-00330815 that means that with the thickness of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01643-00330816-00331095 the tunnel region the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01644-00331096-00331406 resistance x increases exponentially
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01645-00331407-00331551 but the important thing is that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01646-00331552-00331758 overall impedance of the system is large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01647-00331759-00331910 and therefore it can be matched to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01648-00331911-00332151 circuit impedance to obtain you know a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01649-00332152-00332382 match system in tmr the tunnel
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01650-00332383-00332527 magnetoresistance phenomena spins
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01651-00332528-00332654 travelling perpendicular to the layers
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01652-00332655-00332823 tunnels through the insulating layer and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01653-00332824-00333006 hence is the name of the effect so this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01654-00333007-00333119 is very very similar to the giant
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01655-00333120-00333287 magnetoresistance phenomena we saw
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01656-00333288-00333503 before the important difference being is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01657-00333504-00333671 now the current through the insulating
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01658-00333672-00333839 layer is a tunneling current and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01659-00333840-00334127 therefore is much reduced in value as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01660-00334128-00334343 compared to the gmr gas wherein you had
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01661-00334344-00334558 a conducting material like chromium as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01662-00334559-00334734 the inter layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01663-00334735-00334975 the tmr effect and the other gmr effect
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01664-00334976-00335095 etcetera are found important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01665-00335096-00335310 applications which include hard drives
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01666-00335311-00335527 with increased aerial densities
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01667-00335528-00335727 magnetoresistive random access memory
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01668-00335728-00335895 which is called mram
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01669-00335896-00336158 another important applications
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01670-00336159-00336334 these also form a fundamental unit in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01671-00336335-00336519 spin electronics as i pointed out with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01672-00336520-00336791 applications such as re programmable
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01673-00336792-00337054 magnetic logic devices so these are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01674-00337055-00337206 important areas of research wherein lot
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01675-00337207-00337391 of intensive research is going on to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01676-00337392-00337558 build better and better higher density
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01677-00337559-00337703 storage devices
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01678-00337704-00337895 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01679-00337896-00338078 devices which can be integrated with the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01680-00338079-00338319 current technology silicon technology so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01681-00338320-00338478 therefore we have seen
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01682-00338479-00338671 two important effects the gmr effect and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01683-00338672-00338927 the tmr effect wherein manual resistance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01684-00338928-00339158 is the heart of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01685-00339159-00339439 you know designing important devices
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01686-00339440-00339599 next we take up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01687-00339600-00339758 we continue with the topic of magnetism
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01688-00339759-00339958 and hybrids and we talk about a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01689-00339959-00340319 phenomenon known as exchange anisotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01690-00340320-00340527 now in exchange anisotropy you again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01691-00340528-00340758 have a composite in this composite there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01692-00340759-00341095 is a layer which is antiferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01693-00341096-00341215 and there is a layer which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01694-00341216-00341358 ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01695-00341359-00341567 though we are showing here it has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01696-00341568-00341823 linear configuration in reality this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01697-00341824-00342047 could be actually a particle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01698-00342048-00342182 like what you might call a core shell
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01699-00342183-00342310 kind of a structure which we had dealt
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01700-00342311-00342495 with before
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01701-00342496-00342782 and this could be the c o o particle and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01702-00342783-00343071 this could be the c o and this external
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01703-00343072-00343471 layer is the ferromagnetic layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01704-00343472-00343671 so this is the ferromagnetic layer and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01705-00343672-00343919 the inside layer the core of this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01706-00343920-00344191 structure is the anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01707-00344192-00344439 layer so we are actually now focusing on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01708-00344440-00344678 this interface region between the two so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01709-00344679-00344854 this is the region we are zooming in on
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01710-00344855-00344991 this picture
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01711-00344992-00345158 so this kind of a configuration is what
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01712-00345159-00345310 we are seeing so we have an anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01713-00345311-00345551 ferromagnetic layer and a ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01714-00345552-00345687 layer in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01715-00345688-00345934 adjacent to each other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01716-00345935-00346175 due to exchange of spins coupling of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01717-00346176-00346327 spins across the interface between the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01718-00346328-00346510 ferromagnetic phase and the anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01719-00346511-00346734 ferromagnetic phase there is a preferred
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01720-00346735-00346967 direction and so that means there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01721-00346968-00347247 anisotropy for field which lead to a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01722-00347248-00347406 shift in the hysteresis loop we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01723-00347407-00347558 especially will of course see why this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01724-00347559-00347758 happening very soon in other words
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01725-00347759-00347982 example in the example you have cited
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01726-00347983-00348158 the cobalt oxide particles of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01727-00348159-00348358 ferromagnetic particles and they are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01728-00348359-00348630 covered within cobalt oxide which is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01729-00348631-00348847 antiferromagnetic system with a large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01730-00348848-00349134 crystal isotropic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01731-00349135-00349295 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01732-00349296-00349423 what we see in this phenomenon of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01733-00349424-00349727 exchange anisotropy is that there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01734-00349728-00349943 an large coercivity increase and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01735-00349944-00350143 coercivity increase is coming because
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01736-00350144-00350367 now you have made
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01737-00350368-00350582 the system highly anisotropic that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01738-00350583-00350775 the system the ferromagnetic system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01739-00350776-00351023 highly anisotropic by coupling it with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01740-00351024-00351230 an antiferromagnetic layer which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01741-00351231-00351375 shown schematically on the right hand
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01742-00351376-00351471 side
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01743-00351472-00351663 so now i obtain high coercivities for
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01744-00351664-00351799 this ferromagnetic layer on the left
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01745-00351800-00351999 hand side and this is coming because of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01746-00352000-00352151 the anisotropy introduced by the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01747-00352152-00352351 geometry now this is an external enforce
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01748-00352352-00352567 enforce anisotropy by coupling it with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01749-00352568-00352799 an anti ferromagnetic material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01750-00352800-00353054 the steps involved in creating this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01751-00353055-00353367 exchange isotropy are as follows
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01752-00353368-00353567 first of course you have a single domain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01753-00353568-00353743 ferromagnetic particle like cobalt in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01754-00353744-00353951 this example in contact with an anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01755-00353952-00354327 ferromagnetic material like cobalt toxic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01756-00354328-00354463 and you would of course we have already
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01757-00354464-00354719 noted that this antiferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01758-00354720-00354927 coupling is actually mediated by a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01759-00354928-00355127 phenomenon known as super exchange
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01760-00355128-00355375 by this oxygen molecule oxygen atoms so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01761-00355376-00355575 that means that this coupling between
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01762-00355576-00355734 the two antiferromagnetic coupling is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01763-00355735-00355887 mediated by a super exchange where an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01764-00355888-00356223 oxygen plays the important role now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01765-00356224-00356567 what we do is that we take the system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01766-00356568-00356734 above the needle temperature of the anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01767-00356735-00356951 ferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01768-00356952-00357158 and saturate the ferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01769-00357159-00357271 that means now above the needle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01770-00357272-00357463 temperature the antiferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01771-00357464-00357591 has become
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01772-00357592-00357878 an paramagnetic phase and above that we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01773-00357879-00358087 saturate the ferromagnetic face
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01774-00358088-00358263 now when we cool the system below the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01775-00358264-00358382 nil temperature of the anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01776-00358383-00358534 ferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01777-00358535-00358727 we introduced a preferential alignment
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01778-00358728-00358934 of spins across the inter interface in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01779-00358935-00359182 the anti ferromagnetic phase that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01780-00359183-00359439 that originally of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01781-00359440-00359615 if i did not have the left hand side of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01782-00359616-00359734 the picture
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01783-00359735-00359871 that means if i had only the right hand
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01784-00359872-00360023 side and we did not have the interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01785-00360024-00360182 what could happen is that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01786-00360183-00360454 antiferromagnetic face could have across
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01787-00360455-00360775 interface pins pointing either upwards
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01788-00360776-00360934 or it could have been spins pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01789-00360935-00361095 downwards when you cooled below the nil
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01790-00361096-00361199 temperature
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01791-00361200-00361391 so this could be all spins pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01792-00361392-00361527 downwards so these two possibilities
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01793-00361528-00361791 this or this could exist but now since
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01794-00361792-00361975 there is a ferromagnetic face which has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01795-00361976-00362175 a preferred orientation you see that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01796-00362176-00362367 spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01797-00362368-00362630 matched across the interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01798-00362631-00362751 when you cool down below the needle
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01799-00362752-00362943 temperature of the anti ferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01800-00362944-00363023 phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01801-00363024-00363230 now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01802-00363231-00363471 the spins in the ferromagnetic face will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01803-00363472-00363654 maintain the orientation even after the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01804-00363655-00363854 field is removed because how did you get
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01805-00363855-00364030 that provincial alignment towards the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01806-00364031-00364230 top originally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01807-00364231-00364375 in this ferromagnetic phase above the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01808-00364376-00364510 needle temperature we used external
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01809-00364511-00364734 magnetic field right now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01810-00364735-00364943 because now when you remove the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01811-00364944-00365134 external magnetic field the spins in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01812-00365135-00365334 ferromagnetic field do not sort of lose
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01813-00365335-00365575 their orientation and that is because
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01814-00365576-00365775 there is this antiferromagnetic layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01815-00365776-00365943 which is imposing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01816-00365944-00366175 the antipheramine across imposing itself
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01817-00366176-00366327 on the ferromagnetic face on the right
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01818-00366328-00366519 so i mean the ferromagnetic phase now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01819-00366520-00366799 retains its orientation which is now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01820-00366800-00367182 coupled to the antiferromagnetic layer
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01821-00367183-00367295 now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01822-00367296-00367503 we have made the desired composite or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01823-00367504-00367599 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01824-00367600-00367751 automatic caller
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01825-00367752-00367943 structure and we can now construct the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01826-00367944-00368167 usual image loop
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01827-00368168-00368334 if the field is removed the spins in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01828-00368335-00368519 ferromagnetic face will flip to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01829-00368520-00368663 field cold orientation due to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01830-00368664-00368927 influence of the antiferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01831-00368928-00369095 as the field direction is reversed the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01832-00369096-00369239 spins across the interface and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01833-00369240-00369430 antiferromagnetic phase with large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01834-00369431-00369623 crystal anisotropy oppose the reversal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01835-00369624-00369863 of spins in the ferromagnetic phase and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01836-00369864-00370030 this exchange coupling leads to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01837-00370031-00370151 large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01838-00370152-00370319 coercivity value
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01839-00370320-00370623 so now having made a structure like this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01840-00370624-00370863 i can construct what you may call an m h
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01841-00370864-00371127 loop which we normally do
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01842-00371128-00371343 and while this field is pointing in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01843-00371344-00371471 direction of the ferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01844-00371472-00371639 there is no problem the magnetization is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01845-00371640-00371791 very easy and you can easily obtain the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01846-00371792-00371999 saturation but when you are trying to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01847-00372000-00372223 put the field in the opposite direction
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01848-00372224-00372399 as in the graph below
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01849-00372400-00372615 the fact that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01850-00372616-00372839 the ferromagnetic layer is now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01851-00372840-00373063 constrained by the antiferromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01852-00373064-00373230 layer and the spins in the anti
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01853-00373231-00373406 ferromagnetic layer cannot switch to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01854-00373407-00373543 opposite direction
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01855-00373544-00373751 of the field or of the spins across the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01856-00373752-00373951 interface because now it is a material
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01857-00373952-00374199 with high exchange anisotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01858-00374200-00374510 or high in isotropy that implies that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01859-00374511-00374710 these spins sitting across the interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01860-00374711-00374951 will somehow try to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01861-00374952-00375119 what you call tell its neighbors in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01862-00375120-00375367 ferromagnetic phase not to switch is its
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01863-00375368-00375519 spins directing towards the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01864-00375520-00375647 magnetization direction which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01865-00375648-00375871 externally applied that means that there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01866-00375872-00376030 is going to be a large coercivity a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01867-00376031-00376191 large amount of field you need to employ
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01868-00376192-00376367 so that all the spins start to point in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01869-00376368-00376519 the direction of the field and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01870-00376520-00376663 implies that you are going to get an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01871-00376664-00376951 high coercivity in an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01872-00376952-00377095 mh loop in other words what you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01873-00377096-00377239 seeing is that and of course when in an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01874-00377240-00377399 mh2 we already pointed out the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01875-00377400-00377527 coercivity is called the intrinsic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01876-00377528-00377815 coercivity in other words this is as if
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01877-00377816-00377943 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01878-00377944-00378151 loop originally which was shaded in grey
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01879-00378152-00378399 here has shifted to a left and therefore
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01880-00378400-00378567 you are getting a high value of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01881-00378568-00378823 anisotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01882-00378824-00379110 so to summarize these slides to see how
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01883-00379111-00379230 we are actually obtaining a new
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01884-00379231-00379454 phenomena known as exchange and isotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01885-00379455-00379678 so we have already noted that anisotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01886-00379679-00379887 in materials in ferromagnetic materials
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01887-00379888-00380127 can come from shape can come from stress
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01888-00380128-00380271 or the inherent
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01889-00380272-00380502 anisotropy which is called the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01890-00380503-00380719 magneto crystalline and isotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01891-00380720-00380910 here we are creating an anisotropy by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01892-00380911-00381039 making an hybrid
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01893-00381040-00381267 and in this hybrid there is an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01894-00381268-00381519 antiferromagnetic layer in touch with an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01895-00381520-00381727 ferromagnetic layer and an example we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01896-00381728-00381895 saw was the cobalt particles in touch
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01897-00381896-00382102 with the c cobalt oxide particles in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01898-00382103-00382247 others you leave cobart outside it gets
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01899-00382248-00382502 oxidized and you get this combination
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01900-00382503-00382591 now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01901-00382592-00382734 to get the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01902-00382735-00382975 desired ah high coercivity effect or the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01903-00382976-00383175 exchange anisotropy effect what we do is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01904-00383176-00383391 that we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01905-00383392-00383623 make a single domain cobalt cobalt on an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01906-00383624-00383847 antiferromagnetic cobalt oxide layer we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01907-00383848-00383975 heat the system above the nail
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01908-00383976-00384102 temperature and apply an external
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01909-00384103-00384271 magnetic field to saturate the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01910-00384272-00384439 ferromagnetic phase
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01911-00384440-00384543 then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01912-00384544-00384678 we cool the system below the nil
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01913-00384679-00384958 temperature and that implies that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01914-00384959-00385247 anti ferromagnetic order is now dictated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01915-00385248-00385423 by the ferromagnetic face and the spins
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01916-00385424-00385575 across the interface pointing in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01917-00385576-00385743 same directions out of the two options
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01918-00385744-00385910 we said one of the options is chosen as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01919-00385911-00386095 the spin up option because the spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01920-00386096-00386271 up in the ferromagnetic face
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01921-00386272-00386430 then
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01922-00386431-00386734 of course what we do is that we ah can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01923-00386735-00386910 go ahead and construct what we known as
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01924-00386911-00387134 the usual mh loop while constructing the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01925-00387135-00387358 mh loop in the forward upward direction
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01926-00387359-00387495 of the spins there is no problem
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01927-00387496-00387695 magnetic field pointing upward when the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01928-00387696-00387895 magnetic field points downward the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01929-00387896-00388063 ferromagnetic layer wants to switch to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01930-00388064-00388302 the down spins but because there is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01931-00388303-00388495 coupling across the interface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01932-00388496-00388639 and the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01933-00388640-00388902 carbon oxide has high anisotropy this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01934-00388903-00389078 implies that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01935-00389079-00389358 the spins in the ferromagnetic layer do
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01936-00389359-00389510 not want to change their orientation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01937-00389511-00389647 across the interface they are coupled to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01938-00389648-00389815 the spins across the interface and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01939-00389816-00390039 therefore this is as if those pins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01940-00390040-00390295 holding them in an upward direction that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01941-00390296-00390463 means that i have to apply even larger
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01942-00390464-00390606 field to actually cause this reversal of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01943-00390607-00390815 spins in the ferromagnetic layer which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01944-00390816-00391047 implies that my coercivity value is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01945-00391048-00391278 going to be high
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01946-00391279-00391478 so this is the case of the what you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01947-00391479-00391582 might call
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01948-00391583-00391758 the exchange anisotropy so therefore we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01949-00391759-00391982 have seen two important effects arising
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01950-00391983-00392143 in hybrids one is the giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01951-00392144-00392351 resistance and the other effect of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01952-00392352-00392543 exchange and isotropy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01953-00392544-00392791 now let us take up some nano structures
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01954-00392792-00392982 or materials with actually a certain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01955-00392983-00393206 specific dimension and let us see the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01956-00393207-00393375 spin states of some of these it is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01957-00393376-00393527 important to consider at least a few
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01958-00393528-00393767 examples here because the spin states of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01959-00393768-00394023 these nano dimension objects can be very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01960-00394024-00394263 different from the bulk counter parts we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01961-00394264-00394423 already seen how the spins are oriented
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01962-00394424-00394551 in a bulk that they are divided into
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01963-00394552-00394727 domains and within domain spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01964-00394728-00394934 oriented parallel and of course only in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01965-00394935-00395119 the domain wall that you obtain a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01966-00395120-00395327 slightly more ah what even complicated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01967-00395328-00395502 configuration of spins which means that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01968-00395503-00395743 spins would actually start to rotate
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01969-00395744-00395902 so we talk about first we take up the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01970-00395903-00396134 example of nano disks wherein there are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01971-00396135-00396334 special spin arrangements with no bulk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01972-00396335-00396551 counterparts
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01973-00396552-00396791 in 15 nanometer thick permaloyd discs
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01974-00396792-00396927 with the diameter of the disc greater
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01975-00396928-00397102 than about hundred nanometers so these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01976-00397103-00397351 are thin discs having a large diameter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01977-00397352-00397519 so these are like thin discs like these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01978-00397520-00397654 if you look from the side they are thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01979-00397655-00397823 disc like this and the thickness of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01980-00397824-00397999 these disc is of the order about fifteen
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01981-00398000-00398191 nanometers and the diameter of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01982-00398192-00398351 discs is about greater than about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01983-00398352-00398591 hundred nanometers so they are thin
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01984-00398592-00398991 discs
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01985-00398992-00399151 the spin arrangement in these kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01986-00399152-00399351 nano disc consists of concentric
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01987-00399352-00399551 arrangement of spins on the outside
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01988-00399552-00399743 and with out of plane component towards
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01989-00399744-00400015 the center of the discs of course this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01990-00400016-00400191 is schematically shown here like this in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01991-00400192-00400406 the case of the spins on the outer side
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01992-00400407-00400615 of the disc they are concentric but in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01993-00400616-00400871 the center they are pointing upward this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01994-00400872-00401063 z displacement does not mean the spins
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01995-00401064-00401175 have come out of the disc it just
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01996-00401176-00401382 implies that the magnitude of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01997-00401383-00401623 magnetization is large thats what we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01998-00401624-00401799 implying by pointing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-01999-00401800-00402015 the z displacement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02000-00402016-00402199 the core radius wherein the spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02001-00402200-00402423 out of plane is of the order of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02002-00402424-00402599 exchange length
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02003-00402600-00402871 and exchange length is defined is in in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02004-00402872-00403102 is a characteristic length of a magnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02005-00403103-00403327 material below which exchange forces are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02006-00403328-00403599 dominant over magnetostatic effects we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02007-00403600-00403806 know that when magnetostatic effects are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02008-00403807-00404030 dominant then spins in a domain will be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02009-00404031-00404127 aligned
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02010-00404128-00404271 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02011-00404272-00404399 when and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02012-00404400-00404599 neighboring domains could be misaligned
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02013-00404600-00404767 when exchange with below the exchange
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02014-00404768-00404934 length it is the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02015-00404935-00405047 exchange
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02016-00405048-00405175 coupling between the spins which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02017-00405176-00405334 dominant which means the spins will tend
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02018-00405335-00405519 to align parallel to each other so you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02019-00405520-00405639 can see that in the central region of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02020-00405640-00405854 the disc the which is below the of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02021-00405855-00406023 order of the exchange length then you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02022-00406024-00406158 see that the spins are all parallely
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02023-00406159-00406334 aligned and the magnetization is very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02024-00406335-00406567 large on the outside
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02025-00406568-00406751 you see that this pins are concentric so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02026-00406752-00406943 there is no what you might call analog
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02027-00406944-00407102 of this in bulk material so this is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02028-00407103-00407278 very special kind of spin arrangement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02029-00407279-00407495 and we also see that clearly in this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02030-00407496-00407743 example that in on the outside these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02031-00407744-00407967 concentric spins are like a 2d system in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02032-00407968-00408199 the center it is like a three transition
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02033-00408200-00408375 it is like a 3d system that means there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02034-00408376-00408606 is a transition between a 2d to a 3d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02035-00408607-00408830 ferromagnet right in a single disc so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02036-00408831-00408943 this is a very interesting kind of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02037-00408944-00409110 arrangement
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02038-00409111-00409206 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02039-00409207-00409358 we are talking about a large disk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02040-00409359-00409567 because the exchange length is of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02041-00409568-00409710 order of 5 nanometers therefore we need
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02042-00409712-00409822 a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02043-00409823-00409982 disk which is large enough in diameter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02044-00409983-00410174 to actually see these transitions so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02045-00410175-00410318 this is a very interesting kind of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02046-00410319-00410559 arrangement in nano disks
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02047-00410560-00410710 similarly when it when you take up a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02048-00410712-00410895 disk which does not have a core
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02049-00410896-00411151 obviously you would expect or you would
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02050-00411152-00411310 have guessed that there is going to be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02051-00411312-00411463 no out of plane component in this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02052-00411464-00411703 because the core has been removed
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02053-00411704-00411855 and in these nano rings then these kind
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02054-00411856-00412007 of structures are called nano rings
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02055-00412008-00412182 there are more than one possible way of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02056-00412183-00412382 spin arranging itself this left
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02057-00412383-00412543 structure is called the vortex structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02058-00412543-00412678 where you see that the spins are going
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02059-00412679-00412878 concentric in plane then there is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02060-00412879-00413047 something known as an onion structure
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02061-00413047-00413207 where in spins on one half of the disc
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02062-00413208-00413391 is pointing one direction and spins in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02063-00413392-00413599 the other half so you see other half are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02064-00413600-00413766 pointing in the other direction so that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02065-00413767-00414095 this kind of arrangements are possible
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02066-00414096-00414326 so one small correction is required here
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02067-00414327-00414407 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02068-00414408-00414687 this pin has to point in this direction
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02069-00414688-00414878 and of course this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02070-00414879-00415118 misorientation of spins need not be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02071-00415119-00415343 across the entire half ring but it could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02072-00415343-00415543 be in only in a small region defined by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02073-00415543-00415695 a sector like this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02074-00415696-00415903 so you see that and this state is called
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02075-00415904-00416039 the twisted state
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02076-00416039-00416295 of this nano rig therefore you see that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02077-00416296-00416399 more and more interesting and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02078-00416400-00416614 complicated arrangements of spins are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02079-00416615-00416855 possible in these nano structures like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02080-00416856-00417118 the nano rings and nano disks
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02081-00417119-00417239 and it is interesting to note that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02082-00417239-00417407 suppose i were constructing actually a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02083-00417408-00417663 mh loop or a hysteresis loop in a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02084-00417664-00417863 starting with a vortex structure then i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02085-00417864-00418087 would observe that i would obtain these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02086-00418088-00418239 other states like the onion and twisted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02087-00418239-00418407 structures during some part of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02088-00418408-00418622 magnetization hysteresis loop that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02089-00418623-00418807 this state would change from the one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02090-00418808-00419063 from an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02091-00419064-00419278 vortex to an onion or to a twisted state
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02092-00419279-00419487 during the magnetic magnetization
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02093-00419488-00419679 process itself
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02094-00419680-00419839 so we have taken up two interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02095-00419839-00420079 examples of nano disk wherein there are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02096-00420080-00420270 special arrangement of spins which have
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02097-00420271-00420639 no what event called bulk analogs and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02098-00420639-00420783 you can see that these are the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02099-00420784-00421022 concentric spin states and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02100-00421023-00421214 e and in the case of the nano disc we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02101-00421215-00421391 saw that there is a small region at the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02102-00421392-00421566 core of the disc wherein actually there
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02103-00421567-00421759 is spins going out of plane in other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02104-00421760-00421910 words the system behaves like a 3d
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02105-00421912-00422103 system unlike a 2d system which you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02106-00422104-00422327 expect a thin disc to behave like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02107-00422328-00422495 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02108-00422496-00422766 with this we come to the topic end of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02109-00422767-00423022 the magnetization in nano structures and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02110-00423023-00423207 nano materials and we have already seen
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02111-00423208-00423407 that magnetization is a very rich field
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02112-00423408-00423607 wherein you have very interesting
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02113-00423608-00423799 effects like we have seen the effects of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02114-00423800-00423983 super paramagnetism giant magneto
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02115-00423984-00424231 resistance etcetera and we all it is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02116-00424232-00424391 important to note that many of these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02117-00424392-00424527 actually have what you might call very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02118-00424528-00424766 interesting applications in and very
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02119-00424767-00425087 important technological applications
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02120-00425088-00425335 next we take up the topic of optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02121-00425335-00425591 properties of nano materials
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02122-00425592-00425847 we had noted that earlier
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02123-00425847-00426047 that optical properties essentially come
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02124-00426047-00426255 from the electromagnetic structure and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02125-00426256-00426383 we are noted some of the important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02126-00426384-00426566 concept like band structure which play
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02127-00426567-00426751 an important role in the optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02128-00426752-00426983 properties we will see further aspects
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02129-00426984-00427207 of optical properties of normal
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02130-00427208-00427359 materials and then further proceed to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02131-00427360-00427551 optical properties and nano materials in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02132-00427552-00427814 this topic or in this chapter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02133-00427815-00427943 people who are interested in advanced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02134-00427943-00428135 readings regarding the optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02135-00428135-00428303 properties of nano materials may concert
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02136-00428304-00428414 the book by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02137-00428415-00428647 zhang wherein he talks in details about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02138-00428647-00428839 not only about optical properties but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02139-00428839-00429255 also spectroscopy of nano materials
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02140-00429256-00429422 first we start as i pointed out with the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02141-00429423-00429566 broad overview of what we mean by
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02142-00429567-00429687 optical properties what are the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02143-00429688-00429879 possibilities then we take up specific
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02144-00429880-00430127 examples in nano structured materials
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02145-00430128-00430295 many of the optical properties are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02146-00430296-00430463 closely related to the electrical and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02147-00430464-00430631 electronic properties of a material so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02148-00430632-00430799 this is optical properties and natural
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02149-00430800-00430991 consequence of the electrical and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02150-00430992-00431166 electronic structure of a material so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02151-00431167-00431343 this is as expected
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02152-00431343-00431527 but then other factors also come into
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02153-00431528-00431607 play
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02154-00431608-00431743 and when we are dealing with optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02155-00431743-00432007 properties which includes for instance
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02156-00432008-00432270 the arrangement of atoms and other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02157-00432271-00432383 what you might call the spatial
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02158-00432384-00432591 distribution of the scatterers etcetera
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02159-00432592-00432775 and this plays an important role in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02160-00432776-00433055 determining the optical properties
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02161-00433056-00433183 when one is talking about optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02162-00433184-00433359 properties one is usually referring to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02163-00433360-00433551 the interaction of electromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02164-00433552-00433727 radiation with matter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02165-00433728-00433959 and though the word optical would imply
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02166-00433960-00434079 that we are talking about visible
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02167-00434080-00434310 radiation that means which is visible to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02168-00434312-00434391 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02169-00434392-00434622 human eye but in general we have to talk
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02170-00434623-00434839 about electromagnetic radiation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02171-00434839-00434991 covering the entire
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02172-00434992-00435207 spectrum starting from gamma rays to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02173-00435208-00435335 radio waves
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02174-00435335-00435518 and this all these interactions with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02175-00435519-00435735 matter can be thought of as optical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02176-00435735-00435887 properties though often we are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02177-00435888-00436103 restricting ourselves to only the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02178-00436104-00436287 visible part of the electromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02179-00436288-00436479 spectrum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02180-00436480-00436670 the simple picture one can start with is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02181-00436671-00436831 by considering a ray of an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02182-00436832-00437007 electromagnetic wave and you know that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02183-00437008-00437166 the ray is actually a geometrical
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02184-00437167-00437439 construct and has no physical reality
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02185-00437439-00437607 and we consider a single frequency
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02186-00437608-00437791 entering a medium from vacuum so this is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02187-00437792-00437999 a starting picture of what you might
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02188-00438000-00438207 think as an interaction of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02189-00438208-00438447 electromagnetic radiation with wave now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02190-00438447-00438710 this ray implies that all the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02191-00438712-00438910 wave fronts in the wave are actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02192-00438912-00439175 perpendicular to this ray
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02193-00439176-00439566 this ray could be reflected
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02194-00439567-00439766 this ray could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02195-00439767-00439975 transmitted into the medium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02196-00439976-00440118 and refracted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02197-00440119-00440270 and when i am talking about a medium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02198-00440271-00440422 this is my medium which i am shading in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02199-00440423-00440718 a low and i imply that this medium has a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02200-00440719-00440951 higher optical density or a higher
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02201-00440952-00441151 refractive index with respect to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02202-00441152-00441351 medium surrounding it which we consider
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02203-00441352-00441551 for now to be vacuum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02204-00441552-00441783 so this ray could be reflected it could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02205-00441784-00441943 be refracted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02206-00441943-00442031 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02207-00442032-00442247 it could also be absorbed in other words
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02208-00442247-00442327 this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02209-00442328-00442551 way entering the medium could lose all
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02210-00442552-00442718 its energy within the medium and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02211-00442719-00443022 therefore this does not propagate beyond
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02212-00443023-00443166 the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02213-00443167-00443375 what you call even this finite medium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02214-00443376-00443566 then it does not propagate beyond it and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02215-00443567-00443743 therefore you will notice that the wave
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02216-00443743-00443943 dies down ultimately of course all the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02217-00443943-00444110 energy in the electromagnetic radiation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02218-00444112-00444295 will have to be converted into heat and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02219-00444296-00444455 therefore this absorption essentially
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02220-00444456-00444614 implies that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02221-00444615-00444718 the electro energy in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02222-00444719-00444918 electromagnetic radiation is converted
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02223-00444919-00445031 into heat
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02224-00445032-00445222 when you are talking about reflection it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02225-00445223-00445518 essentially means that or of course
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02226-00445519-00445670 there is no system which is hundred
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02227-00445671-00445822 percent reflecting or hundred percent
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02228-00445823-00446039 refracting or hundred percent absorbing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02229-00446039-00446279 so we you typically have a combination
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02230-00446280-00446487 of all these three effects and one of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02231-00446488-00446647 these may be dominant like you take a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02232-00446647-00446839 highly polished silver mirror surface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02233-00446839-00447007 then you would expect that such a system
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02234-00447008-00447239 is strongly reflecting and most of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02235-00447239-00447431 energy is actually sent back into the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02236-00447432-00447639 medium from which the original ray
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02237-00447639-00447847 originated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02238-00447847-00448022 and here we have seen in the case of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02239-00448023-00448310 refraction that we have drawn a certain
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02240-00448312-00448535 configuration which we consider to be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02241-00448535-00448743 what we call the material having a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02242-00448743-00448918 positive refractive index and we will
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02243-00448919-00449079 have a few more thing to say that how we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02244-00449080-00449327 can consider construct structures with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02245-00449328-00449622 negative refractive index as well later
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02246-00449623-00449927 now this reflection itself could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02247-00449928-00450103 specular or diffuse so if you take a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02248-00450104-00450255 case of a polished mirror then you see
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02249-00450256-00450431 that the reflection would you follow
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02250-00450432-00450566 something like a snell's law and you
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02251-00450567-00450831 have a reflection but a rough surface
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02252-00450832-00450935 like
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02253-00450935-00451095 any wooden surface would have typically
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02254-00451096-00451287 a diffuse kind of a scattering which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02255-00451288-00451655 means that you cannot ah see images in a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02256-00451656-00451839 case where there is diffuse kind of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02257-00451839-00452151 reflection and not specular reflection
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02258-00452152-00452351 but suppose i consider from this whole
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02259-00452352-00452463 process of interaction of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02260-00452464-00452687 electromagnetic radiation with matter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02261-00452688-00452855 from a more fundamental perspective
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02262-00452856-00453039 there are only two possibilities of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02263-00453039-00453143 interaction of a medium with
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02264-00453143-00453327 electromagnetic radiation one is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02265-00453328-00453647 scattering another is absorption
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02266-00453647-00453727 and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02267-00453728-00453927 transmission can be thought of as a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02268-00453928-00454159 forward scattering phenomena so you send
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02269-00454160-00454310 electromagnetic radiation into wave or
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02270-00454312-00454463 array into wave and there could be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02271-00454464-00454639 scattering or they could be absorption
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02272-00454639-00454814 so these are from more fundamental
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02273-00454815-00455022 perspective
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02274-00455023-00455175 and if you are talking of not about a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02275-00455176-00455359 single frequency entering a material but
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02276-00455360-00455527 there is a wider spectrum of frequencies
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02277-00455528-00455639 in other words you have what you might
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02278-00455639-00455870 call a panchromatic radiation then some
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02279-00455871-00456047 part of this electromagnetic spectrum
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02280-00456047-00456239 could be absorbed while other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02281-00456239-00456495 frequencies could be scattered
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02282-00456496-00456695 in other words you could have a medium
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02283-00456696-00456943 which absorbs some frequencies which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02284-00456943-00457135 transmits other frequencies and which
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02285-00457135-00457287 could actually reflect certain other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02286-00457288-00457487 frequency so this is a possibility when
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02287-00457488-00457687 you have a radiation consisting of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02288-00457688-00457775 large
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02289-00457776-00458143 variation in the frequencies
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02290-00458143-00458247 now when you are talking about
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02291-00458247-00458487 absorption it essentially means that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02292-00458488-00458670 certain resonance in the material has
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02293-00458671-00458822 been excited
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02294-00458823-00459047 which means that the material now can be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02295-00459047-00459222 taken to an excited state by this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02296-00459223-00459479 electromagnetic radiation and that means
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02297-00459480-00459647 that it needs to have a certain bare
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02298-00459647-00459822 minimum frequency because frequency is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02299-00459823-00459975 the handle on energy we know that e
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02300-00459976-00460222 equal to h nu for a radiation and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02301-00460223-00460431 frequency is able to excite some kind of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02302-00460432-00460599 a resonance in the material and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02303-00460600-00460743 therefore this absorption is taking
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02304-00460743-00460951 place what is the kind of excitation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02305-00460952-00461191 which this material can undergo these
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02306-00461192-00461343 processes include the electronic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02307-00461343-00461510 excitation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02308-00461512-00461735 the vibrational excitation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02309-00461735-00461887 or it could be the rotational
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02310-00461888-00462047 excitations
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02311-00462047-00462199 a nice example of for instance the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02312-00462200-00462383 rotational excitation would be the case
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02313-00462384-00462455 of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02314-00462456-00462679 microwave heating in our oven wherein we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02315-00462680-00462822 note that suppose i send microwave
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02316-00462823-00462991 radiation into the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02317-00462992-00463207 ah microwave oven then the water
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02318-00463208-00463407 molecules which have a natural polar
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02319-00463408-00463551 character that means water molecules are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02320-00463552-00463639 polar
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02321-00463639-00463783 and therefore they have a net
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02322-00463784-00464007 polarization in some direction so now
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02323-00464008-00464231 what happens is that suppose now i send
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02324-00464232-00464495 an alternating electromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02325-00464496-00464631 electromagnetic wave which consists of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02326-00464632-00464839 alternating electric and magnetic fields
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02327-00464839-00465087 then this water molecule will tend to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02328-00465088-00465295 rotate its electric field will tend to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02329-00465296-00465422 follow the electric field of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02330-00465423-00465622 incoming radiation if the frequency is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02331-00465623-00465791 too high then it will not couple with it
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02332-00465792-00465935 if the frequency is too low then the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02333-00465935-00466143 heating is going to be too small but if
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02334-00466143-00466303 at the right frequency which is of the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02335-00466304-00466543 order over three centimeters or so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02336-00466543-00466663 the wavelength of the electromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02337-00466664-00466814 radiation the three centimeter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02338-00466815-00466999 wavelength then what happens is that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02339-00467000-00467231 freque the water molecules are able to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02340-00467232-00467414 follow the ah
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02341-00467415-00467631 externally applied field and which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02342-00467632-00467766 coming from of course on the radiation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02343-00467767-00467966 itself and since the water molecules are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02344-00467967-00468135 rubbing against each other this whole
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02345-00468135-00468303 process is going to be dissipative and
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02346-00468304-00468543 therefore overall the water in the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02347-00468543-00468703 food or the water in the tumbler
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02348-00468704-00468863 actually gets to heat up
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02349-00468864-00468983 so this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02350-00468984-00469175 rotational excitations can be possible
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02351-00469176-00469359 and is a nice example of a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02352-00469360-00469543 rotational excitations if you are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02353-00469543-00469670 talking about for instance phenomena
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02354-00469671-00470039 typically like an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02355-00470039-00470263 electronic excitation which can also
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02356-00470264-00470399 take place if there is a critical amount
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02357-00470400-00470622 of frequency available then this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02358-00470623-00470807 absorbed energy could actually be
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02359-00470808-00470975 re-emitted when the system relaxes to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02360-00470976-00471159 the ground state again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02361-00471160-00471287 and finally of course we have to note
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02362-00471288-00471487 that any energy we have noted before
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02363-00471488-00471679 that any abs absorbed energy is finally
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02364-00471680-00471863 dissipated as heat and this is called
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02365-00471864-00472159 dissipative absorption now the important
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02366-00472160-00472343 thing to note between these three kinds
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02367-00472343-00472518 of mechanism the electronic vibrational
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02368-00472519-00472743 or rotational excitations is the fact
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02369-00472743-00472951 that the electronic energy levels are
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02370-00472952-00473183 highly separated so you can see that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02371-00473184-00473439 e one and e zero are separated and this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02372-00473439-00473639 corresponds to wave number of about ten
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02373-00473639-00473863 thousand per centimeter
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02374-00473864-00474031 so you need lot of energy to actually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02375-00474032-00474231 excite and you can find an equivalence
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02376-00474232-00474575 between the wave number and the evs so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02377-00474576-00474903 there is a larger wave number associated
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02378-00474904-00475055 with the electronic excitations that
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02379-00475056-00475255 means you need lot of energy to excite
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02380-00475256-00475479 an electron from the lower energy level
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02381-00475480-00475687 in an atom or a molecule to a high
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02382-00475688-00475863 energy level
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02383-00475864-00476007 and of course this could also be a solid
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02384-00476008-00476183 you could be describing on the other
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02385-00476184-00476327 hand you would notice that the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02386-00476328-00476495 vibrational levels which is the next
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02387-00476496-00476783 level is actually closely spaced
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02388-00476784-00476966 and that means that i require a lower
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02389-00476967-00477175 amount of energy and corresponding wave
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02390-00477176-00477327 number is of the order of about thousand
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02391-00477328-00477575 per centimeter that i and if i multiply
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02392-00477576-00477710 this thousand of course by this one
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02393-00477712-00477870 point nine seven ten power minus five i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02394-00477871-00478103 can obtain the value in electron volts
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02395-00478104-00478279 but i require a lower amount of energy
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02396-00478280-00478559 to excite the vibrational level
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02397-00478560-00478695 that means that if i am having an
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02398-00478696-00478918 electromagnetic spectrum the electronic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02399-00478919-00479079 transitions are typically excited by the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02400-00479080-00479255 high energy radiations while the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02401-00479256-00479487 vibrational transitions are excited by a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02402-00479488-00479807 slightly lower energy radiation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02403-00479808-00479966 finally the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02404-00479967-00480166 rotational excitations have even smaller
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02405-00480167-00480335 spacing
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02406-00480335-00480535 which is shown here or for clarity i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02407-00480535-00480766 will show it here and that means that i
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02408-00480767-00481047 have to impose a very small energy to
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02409-00481047-00481351 excite a rotational excitation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02410-00481352-00481591 so even though there are three possible
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02411-00481592-00481879 mechanisms by which i have ah i can
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02412-00481880-00482047 excite a material which of course again
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02413-00482047-00482239 this excitation might relax to the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02414-00482239-00482399 ground state again by re-emission of
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02415-00482400-00482518 radiation
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02416-00482519-00482735 but these energies are all not the same
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02417-00482735-00483039 and therefore depending on the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02418-00483039-00483166 frequency of the electromagnetic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02419-00483167-00483375 radiation one of these might be excited
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02420-00483376-00483622 and therefore the absorption would be in
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02421-00483623-00483799 a certain frequency regime based on the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02422-00483800-00483910 web
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02423-00483912-00484070 what do you call the energy which is
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02424-00484071-00484318 required to excite this
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02425-00484319-00484495 so and again to go into the detail
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02426-00484496-00484670 little more about these excitation the
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02427-00484671-00484847 electronic transitions themselves could
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02428-00484847-00485014 be from atomic orbitals could be from
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02429-00485015-00485255 molecular orbitals or it could be to a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02430-00485256-00485439 band that means an elect electronic
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02431-00485439-00485631 energy level lying in a band and we
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02432-00485632-00485759 already noted whenever there is a
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02433-00485760-00485991 relaxation for of a level from a band
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02434-00485992-00486183 then the range of frequency is usually
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02435-00486184-00486343 brought because brand is a semi
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02436-00486343-00486551 continuous
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02437-00486552-00487799 set of energy levels
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02438-00487800-00490079 so
+tE1Zm4Titu8-02439-00490080-00490288 you