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+FjmY0UYRjG8-00000-00000312-00000582 new kim pidgeon bred by gaston van der
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00001-00000583-00000983 waaler
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00002-00000984-00001231 the most expensive pigeon in the history
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00003-00001232-00001413 of the sport
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00004-00001414-00001663 [Music]
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00005-00001664-00001895 the price offered for new kim beats the
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00006-00001896-00002142 one paid for the former most expensive
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00007-00002143-00002639 pigeon in the world
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00008-00002640-00003055 armando sold to a chinese buyer for 1.48
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00009-00003056-00003622 million dollars in 2019
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00010-00003623-00004199 new kim sold for 1.9 million dollars
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00011-00004200-00004454 the rising popularity of the sport in
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00012-00004455-00004719 china has led to billionaires investing
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00013-00004720-00004935 increasingly high amounts of money in
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00014-00004936-00005183 pigeons and driving up the prize money
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00015-00005184-00005647 for races
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00016-00005648-00005943 mostly belgian pigeons were all recently
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00017-00005944-00006206 bought by chinese bidders as in the case
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00018-00006207-00006751 of armando and new kim
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00019-00006752-00006967 belgian bred pigeons are known as the
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00020-00006968-00007592 best in the world of pigeon racing
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00021-00007593-00008815 [Music]
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00022-00008816-00010039 [Music]
+FjmY0UYRjG8-00023-00010040-00010247 you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00000-00000071-00001357 [Music]
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00001-00001358-00001625 this episode of epicenter is brought to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00002-00001626-00001859 you by Microsoft Azure do you have an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00003-00001860-00002030 idea for a blockchain app but are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00004-00002030-00002225 worried about the time and costs it will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00005-00002226-00002489 take to develop the new Azure blockchain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00006-00002490-00002668 dev kit is a free download that brings
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00007-00002669-00002849 together the tools you need to get your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00008-00002850-00003023 first app running in less than 30
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00009-00003024-00003065 minutes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00010-00003066-00003845 learn more at aka OMS slash epicenter hi
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00011-00003846-00003983 welcome to epicenter my name is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00012-00003984-00004208 Sebastian future and my name is Franz
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00013-00004209-00004442 Xavier so today we're gonna have a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00014-00004443-00004702 bachman on and sonia agarwal ethan is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00015-00004703-00004883 the co-founder of tournament he's also a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00016-00004884-00005036 vice president of the interchange
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00017-00005037-00005315 foundation and of course sunny is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00018-00005316-00005543 co-host with was step sooner and he's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00019-00005544-00005843 research scientist at tournament team
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00020-00005844-00006209 now quite obviously there is this sort
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00021-00006210-00006397 of tight interconnection between
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00022-00006398-00006656 epicenter and cosmos and so we just want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00023-00006656-00006814 to point it out so you guys have the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00024-00006815-00007187 right context so first of all sunny is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00025-00007188-00007364 obviously co-host of app center as well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00026-00007365-00007616 as an employee at tenement and he's also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00027-00007617-00007769 running it cosmos validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00028-00007770-00008066 so please be aware of that then when it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00029-00008067-00008273 comes to myself i obviously i used to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00030-00008274-00008560 an employee at the tenement companies
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00031-00008561-00008891 well i also hold adams personally and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00032-00008892-00009137 i've been building a validator called
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00033-00009138-00009524 course one and so working on cosmos from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00034-00009525-00009734 that perspective so also take that into
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00035-00009735-00009881 account that i'm sort of you know on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00036-00009882-00010171 both sides in this in this instance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00037-00010172-00010478 additionally you know this validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00038-00010479-00010652 correspond and building it together if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00039-00010653-00010810 may her i mean he's not hosting this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00040-00010811-00010973 episode but he's of course also a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00041-00010974-00011333 co-host of epicenter and then cosmos is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00042-00011334-00011495 also a sponsor so they're not sponsoring
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00043-00011496-00011728 this episode but they're sponsoring the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00044-00011729-00011969 episode of podcast so we just wanted to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00045-00011970-00012194 point that out another thing I would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00046-00012195-00012385 point out is that I also hold items and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00047-00012386-00012785 I've been very closely following the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00048-00012786-00012968 consul's project and course one so I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00049-00012969-00013169 some insights there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00050-00013169-00013393 so should also want to apologize about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00051-00013394-00013616 some of the noise so there was a little
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00052-00013616-00013874 bit of construction going on in Sonny's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00053-00013875-00014075 vicinity so hopefully we'll get some of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00054-00014076-00014282 that out but apologies for that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00055-00014283-00014494 background noise so without further
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00056-00014495-00014678 delay here's our interview with sending
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00057-00014679-00015055 Agarwal and Ethan Bachmann we heard
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00058-00015056-00015236 today with Ethan Buckman and Sonny
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00059-00015237-00015590 agrawal Ethan is the co-founder of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00060-00015591-00015940 cosmos impairment projects and Sonny is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00061-00015941-00016304 a researcher reach of scientists at all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00062-00016305-00016490 in bits as a parent company of tenorman
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00063-00016491-00016679 and it's also a host here in epicenter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00064-00016680-00016790 hi guys
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00065-00016791-00017015 hey thanks for having us on it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00066-00017016-00017303 exciting to be on wearing the guest hack
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00067-00017304-00017497 finally it kind of been my dream ever
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00068-00017498-00017743 since joining the blockchain space so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00069-00017744-00018068 happy to finally be here doing it yeah
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00070-00018069-00018146 good to be back
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00071-00018147-00018515 thanks guys yeah so so of course we've
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00072-00018516-00018818 done some podcasts on cosmos before we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00073-00018819-00019286 did one wave J about I guess it's now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00074-00019287-00019541 two years ago so that was just around to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00075-00019542-00019906 the fundraiser and you know we'll link
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00076-00019907-00020027 to that I think that was a great episode
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00077-00020028-00020174 and actually I think it's still mostly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00078-00020175-00020489 current but for for those who you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00079-00020490-00020734 aren't super familiar with cosmos let's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00080-00020735-00020909 spend like a few minutes just giving
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00081-00020910-00021119 like a high-level introduction so maybe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00082-00021120-00021397 Ethan what's what's the vision of cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00083-00021398-00021641 and you know how would you describe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00084-00021642-00021974 cosmos sure so I think I think the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00085-00021975-00022238 vision of cosmos is kind of analogous to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00086-00022239-00022466 the original vision of of the Internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00087-00022467-00022681 in the sense that when the internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00088-00022682-00022853 started coming around we already had a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00089-00022854-00023141 large number of you know small networks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00090-00023142-00023339 and the internet was proposing a way to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00091-00023340-00023483 actually interconnect them all through a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00092-00023484-00023816 common set of protocols like TCP and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00093-00023817-00023978 in the same way that the internet you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00094-00023979-00024149 know enabled this interoperability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00095-00024150-00024331 between many existing networks and and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00096-00024332-00024544 networks that were still to come the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00097-00024545-00024722 idea with cosmos is to be in the kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00098-00024723-00024997 interchain right so the interoperability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00099-00024998-00025190 layer between you know existing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00100-00025191-00025378 blockchains and the many new block tanks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00101-00025379-00025586 to come and as sort of part of that not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00102-00025587-00025714 only you know not only is the goal of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00103-00025716-00025844 cosmos to define these kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00104-00025845-00026053 interchange standards but also to define
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00105-00026054-00026320 to define more modern and mature
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00106-00026322-00026467 approaches to actually building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00107-00026468-00026640 the individual change themselves and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00108-00026641-00026799 that's where things like tenorman this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00109-00026800-00026946 general purpose consensus engine comes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00110-00026947-00027157 in things like the cosmos SDK was the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00111-00027158-00027286 framework for building applications on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00112-00027287-00027502 tender mint and then of course IBC which
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00113-00027502-00027661 is the the key kind of interoperability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00114-00027662-00027811 piece that enables these different block
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00115-00027812-00028018 chains to actually communicate with one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00116-00028019-00028342 another yeah really it was like meant to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00117-00028343-00028723 like kind of we see it as just like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00118-00028724-00028908 third-generation blockchain and I know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00119-00028910-00029143 that term is like very clichéd and like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00120-00029144-00029431 overused quite a bit but I think that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00121-00029432-00029589 most of the other things that called
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00122-00029591-00029737 themselves their generation block chains
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00123-00029738-00029920 aren't don't really quite fit the mantle
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00124-00029920-00030102 they really just seem to be continuing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00125-00030103-00030448 the second generation and so what I mean
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00126-00030449-00030676 by when I say second generation is it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00127-00030677-00031018 this like era of block chains who are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00128-00031019-00031207 trying to do this like churring complete
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00129-00031208-00031437 vm one chain to rule them all kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00130-00031438-00031596 system so in like the first generation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00131-00031597-00031960 we had Bitcoin and namecoin and SIA and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00132-00031961-00032118 all these separate block chains that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00133-00032119-00032332 were kind of independent and doing their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00134-00032333-00032539 own thing and like have their own
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00135-00032539-00032749 applications Bitcoin for money name
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00136-00032750-00033067 point for DNS etc the theorem came along
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00137-00033068-00033387 and sort of did two main things right
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00138-00033388-00033625 and what the first thing it did was it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00139-00033626-00033840 made it easy for different applications
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00140-00033841-00034123 to talk to each other so you know on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00141-00034124-00034360 ethereum I could go and use my I can use
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00142-00034361-00034665 my crypto Kitty on 0x to buy some dye
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00143-00034666-00034858 right like it has this nice
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00144-00034859-00035023 composability between different
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00145-00035024-00035265 applications on the etherium system and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00146-00035266-00035395 the other thing it did was it made it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00147-00035396-00035686 very easy for developers to write their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00148-00035687-00035911 applications right so yeah back in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00149-00035912-00036118 generation 1 really if you wanted to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00150-00036119-00036286 write a blockchain application your best
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00151-00036287-00036496 easiest way to do so was essentially to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00152-00036497-00036727 fork the Bitcoin code base which is this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00153-00036728-00036996 like you know spaghetti code C++ very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00154-00036997-00037231 difficult to reason about on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00155-00037232-00037411 consensus it's kind of intermingled with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00156-00037412-00037662 the state machine intermingled with p2p
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00157-00037663-00037855 especially posts I quit
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00158-00037856-00038346 and so like aetherium solidity it's like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00159-00038347-00038455 you know solidity is not the nicest
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00160-00038456-00038596 language in the world but it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00161-00038597-00038881 definitely it was it was way easier for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00162-00038882-00039096 people to write applications then then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00163-00039097-00039382 forking the Bitcoin codebase but you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00164-00039383-00039625 know and so I well you know I like this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00165-00039626-00039777 like analogy compared to like the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00166-00039778-00039841 history
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00167-00039842-00040078 like human development which is you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00168-00040079-00040285 if in the first generation you can think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00169-00040286-00040491 of that as like kingdoms and like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00170-00040492-00040663 villages where you have like these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00171-00040664-00040792 separate kingdoms and villages that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00172-00040793-00040921 don't really have the ability to like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00173-00040922-00041083 you know they can't really trade or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00174-00041084-00041212 anything like some people working on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00175-00041213-00041497 atomic swaps aetherium
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00176-00041498-00041791 kind of created an empire what empires
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00177-00041792-00041971 did was they through mass political
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00178-00041972-00042205 integration they allowed for mass he
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00179-00042206-00042376 could economic integration you allowed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00180-00042377-00042661 people from like you know Italy to trade
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00181-00042662-00042799 with people in Persia because they're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00182-00042800-00043099 all under a common rule of law and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00183-00043100-00043354 dictator and this you know it led to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00184-00043355-00043522 economic integration but it also came
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00185-00043523-00043756 with a lot of drawbacks that love
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00186-00043757-00043965 empires namely things like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00187-00043966-00044308 heavy taxation on its use on its some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00188-00044309-00044626 citizens just a lack of social
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00189-00044627-00044845 scalability and like governance that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00190-00044846-00045064 manages to take like you know except
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00191-00045065-00045264 like taking the viewpoints of all of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00192-00045265-00045604 stakeholders and whatnot and so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00193-00045605-00045832 in the last hundred years in humanity we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00194-00045833-00046057 had this a great thing where what we did
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00195-00046058-00046347 was we shifted from like empires to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00196-00046348-00046621 nation-states and city-states we allowed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00197-00046622-00046843 for mass economic integration in today's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00198-00046844-00047070 world with global trade the internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00199-00047071-00047398 free trade zones but we don't have we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00200-00047399-00047524 allowed it to break down into smaller
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00201-00047525-00047734 political entities and that's kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00202-00047735-00047953 like the vision of Cosmos as well as can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00203-00047954-00048247 we have those benefits that that second
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00204-00048248-00048424 generation of blockchains did namely the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00205-00048425-00048694 ease-of-use and the integration while
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00206-00048695-00048871 still keeping the sovereignty of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00207-00048872-00049231 first generation of blockchains so the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00208-00049232-00049408 what extent do you guys feel that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00209-00049409-00049588 cost of us I mean regionally the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00210-00049589-00049924 white paper was published in 2016 like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00211-00049925-00050284 somewhere in the summer fall 2016 so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00212-00050285-00050503 it's been quite a while has the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00213-00050504-00050770 vision evolved and changed in that time
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00214-00050771-00051082 or you guys feel it's largely stayed the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00215-00051083-00051352 same buck you can probably answer this a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00216-00051353-00051484 little bit better cuz you know he was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00217-00051485-00051703 there back when it was started but you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00218-00051704-00051895 know from from the I've been involved
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00219-00051896-00052051 with the project and only for only about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00220-00052052-00052210 a year and a half now or close
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00221-00052211-00052429 approaching two years now but I would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00222-00052429-00052600 say definitely over time I think the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00223-00052601-00052879 vision of you know the vision of Cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00224-00052879-00053110 has always sort of been the same but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00225-00053111-00053284 sort of our messaging
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00226-00053285-00053590 it's adapted looking at some of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00227-00053591-00053752 changes in the blockchain space
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00228-00053753-00053971 especially you know cosmos or the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00229-00053972-00054147 tenement project kind of started almost
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00230-00054148-00054354 simultaneously with aetherium
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00231-00054355-00054565 and so a lot of the thinking that we've
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00232-00054566-00054790 done has kind of shifted as we saw the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00233-00054791-00055102 etherium ecosystem develop and see what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00234-00055103-00055294 kind of use cases people were interested
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00235-00055295-00055390 in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00236-00055391-00055616 yeah maybe Bucky can answer a bit more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00237-00055617-00055909 yeah I think I think the high level
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00238-00055910-00056188 vision is very much still the same and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00239-00056189-00056302 hasn't really changed from the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00240-00056303-00056710 perspective of you know there's gonna be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00241-00056711-00056899 many block chains in the world and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00242-00056900-00057163 that's that's right and that's fine we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00243-00057164-00057325 want these block chains to have kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00244-00057326-00057526 independent state machines that are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00245-00057527-00057676 defined you know according to the needs
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00246-00057677-00057804 of their users and their stakeholders
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00247-00057804-00058080 who want them to be relatively sovereign
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00248-00058082-00058207 so that they're controlled and governed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00249-00058208-00058396 by their users and their stakeholders
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00250-00058397-00058561 and we want them to all be interoperable
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00251-00058562-00058774 so that there's some some standards
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00252-00058775-00059004 through which they can still communicate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00253-00059005-00059146 with each other and in the short term
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00254-00059147-00059320 you know the kind of easiest lowest
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00255-00059321-00059638 hanging fruit was okay we can define you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00256-00059639-00059773 know token transfers between these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00257-00059774-00059911 between these chains but in the long
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00258-00059912-00060136 term if we define things well enough and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00259-00060137-00060286 you know with advances and cryptography
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00260-00060287-00060502 and cryptic design and so on you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00261-00060503-00060613 could do more general-purpose
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00262-00060614-00060942 data exchange and so that that kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00263-00060944-00061144 high-level vision really hasn't hasn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00264-00061145-00061288 changed at all I mean what what has
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00265-00061289-00061498 changed is the particulars of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00266-00061499-00061750 implementation detail as the you know as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00267-00061751-00061960 the ecosystem of block chains and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00268-00061961-00062142 blockchain engineering has evolved and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00269-00062144-00062365 users are coming in applications are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00270-00062366-00062671 being found you know all of that is kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00271-00062672-00062950 of evolving in tandem you know as new
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00272-00062951-00063109 cryptography comes out we're updating oh
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00273-00063110-00063286 you know this could be used to make IBC
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00274-00063287-00063454 more efficient or you know whatever so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00275-00063454-00063630 the high level vision I would say has
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00276-00063632-00063814 been has been relatively the same and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00277-00063815-00064039 hope is actually grounded in a kind of a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00278-00064040-00064303 timeless approach to building to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00279-00064304-00064447 building systems and so you know ought
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00280-00064448-00064732 to never change to some extent but you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00281-00064733-00064857 know of course the particular details of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00282-00064858-00064990 how we go better in the cosmos white
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00283-00064991-00065280 paper had no notion of the cosmos SDK
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00284-00065282-00065575 for instance right until the cosmos SDK
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00285-00065576-00065755 has kind of become a big part of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00286-00065756-00065887 ecosystem now and there's you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00287-00065888-00066097 there's a lot of particular details
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00288-00066098-00066244 about how that was built and what's in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00289-00066245-00066397 it and what's not and so on we can talk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00290-00066398-00066586 about that later but from a high
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00291-00066587-00066775 I think things have been I've stayed you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00292-00066776-00067111 know quite stable so sunny you mentioned
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00293-00067112-00067267 this this idea of third-generation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00294-00067268-00067549 blockchain and I think it's safe to put
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00295-00067550-00067882 a project like polkadot in this category
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00296-00067883-00068193 as well and I think also by extension
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00297-00068194-00068521 the vision for a theorem 2.0 could also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00298-00068522-00068800 fit in this category starting with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00299-00068801-00069066 polkadot you describe with fundamental
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00300-00069067-00069295 you know philosophical differences
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00301-00069296-00069748 between cosmos and polkadot sure so I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00302-00069749-00070018 think I would say one of the main
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00303-00070019-00070228 primary philosophical differences
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00304-00070229-00070435 between cosmos and polkadot is that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00305-00070436-00070717 cosmos takes a sovereign first sovereign
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00306-00070718-00070987 by default approach where we assume
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00307-00070988-00071230 chains are sovereign and have their own
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00308-00071231-00071470 validator sets have their own security
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00309-00071471-00071686 models and allow them to code sort of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00310-00071687-00071884 communicate interoperate with each other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00311-00071885-00072091 and we don't assume that there's anyone
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00312-00072092-00072373 like our design for IBC is designed such
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00313-00072374-00072655 that you know there could be any any two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00314-00072656-00072948 chains to talk to each other there's no
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00315-00072949-00073195 necessarily any root chain or anything
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00316-00073196-00073255 like that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00317-00073256-00073459 well polka dot takes the approach where
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00318-00073460-00073696 it like kind of does shared security by
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00319-00073697-00073918 that by default and that's kind of what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00320-00073919-00074200 they really focus on where they kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00321-00074201-00074410 say that like there is this one root
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00322-00074411-00074668 real a chain and then you you know all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00323-00074669-00074830 these other chains are going to be just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00324-00074831-00075127 like shared secure using the validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00325-00075128-00075481 set of that relay chain and so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00326-00075482-00075643 and then they you know have the concept
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00327-00075644-00075799 of connecting to other chains but they
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00328-00075800-00076069 using bridge zones but that's really not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00329-00076070-00076264 let you by default
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00330-00076265-00076495 people use the relay chain while in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00331-00076496-00076750 cosmos by default their sovereign but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00332-00076751-00076966 then the cosmos hub as well as you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00333-00076967-00077176 there's other hubs and hub systems in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00334-00077177-00077449 the in the cosmos interchain but these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00335-00077450-00077767 chains will offer services such as like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00336-00077768-00077953 shared security and whatnot but these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00337-00077954-00078238 are like optional things that chains can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00338-00078239-00078487 opt into while it's not the like default
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00339-00078488-00078904 or requirement okay I mean I've the way
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00340-00078905-00079093 I see polka dot in that in that respect
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00341-00079094-00079498 is I see it as so this validation as a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00342-00079499-00079829 service for block chains and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00343-00079830-00080189 and and cosmos at least right now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00344-00080190-00080456 doesn't have that functionality do you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00345-00080457-00080753 think this is something that projects
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00346-00080754-00080987 will want so for example you know if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00347-00080988-00081143 you're building a new blockchain and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00348-00081144-00081458 you're choosing a platform on which you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00349-00081459-00081668 you want to build your your application
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00350-00081669-00081983 you know having that ability and having
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00351-00081984-00082163 that functionality and that feature so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00352-00082164-00082400 bootstrap your application using a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00353-00082401-00082511 shared security model might be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00354-00082512-00082754 attractive to someone or to a project do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00355-00082755-00082951 you think that this is something that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00356-00082952-00083264 you know people will ask and will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00357-00083265-00083441 require of Cosmos at some point that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00358-00083442-00083633 this would be that the market in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00359-00083634-00083861 ecosystem will will want as a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00360-00083862-00084116 functionality yeah totally I think that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00361-00084117-00084449 this is like what people absolutely want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00362-00084450-00084650 this and this is kind of what the goal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00363-00084651-00084902 of the Kosmos hub is in the long term so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00364-00084903-00085046 I think it's more fair rather than
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00365-00085047-00085220 comparing polka dot to like the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00366-00085221-00085538 Network cosmos interchange idea cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00367-00085539-00085808 hub versus polka dot is really the like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00368-00085809-00086141 you know a more salient comparison and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00369-00086142-00086369 so there yeah and then you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00370-00086370-00086651 cosmos hub has a design for or I have a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00371-00086652-00086891 design for the cosmos hub shared
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00372-00086892-00087014 security system that's slightly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00373-00087015-00087233 different than the polka dot design and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00374-00087234-00087422 so you know I've disgusted with the with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00375-00087423-00087683 a lot of the polka dot dev teams and you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00376-00087684-00087836 know we're both aware of each other's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00377-00087837-00088007 shared security designs and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00378-00088008-00088259 maybe if you want we could go into some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00379-00088260-00088493 of that some of how I I plan for their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00380-00088494-00088727 shared security of cosmos hub to work
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00381-00088728-00088928 but yeah so essentially my point is yes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00382-00088929-00089144 the the the the shared security is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00383-00089145-00089243 something that will definitely be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00384-00089244-00089633 demanded by a lot of project and that is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00385-00089634-00089816 one of the primary services that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00386-00089817-00090041 cosmos hub will provide to the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00387-00090042-00090299 inter train network and what about a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00388-00090300-00090458 theory and that's case I mean I know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00389-00090459-00090674 it's it's much earlier in terms of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00390-00090675-00090926 maturity of aetherium 2.0 but I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00391-00090927-00091181 that a lot of the fundamentals are there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00392-00091182-00091478 for leading aetherium into this as you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00393-00091479-00091706 described it this blockchain 3.0 space
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00394-00091707-00091961 can you all righty so the CERN some of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00395-00091962-00092090 the differences between what the vision
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00396-00092091-00092408 is there and the cosmos vision sure so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00397-00092409-00092765 aetherium still takes very much a like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00398-00092766-00093148 you know single
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00399-00093149-00093405 VM like single state machine everyone
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00400-00093406-00093673 has to use the EBM and you know really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00401-00093674-00093975 the problem with that is it suffers from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00402-00093976-00094317 a lot of like you know it's gonna suffer
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00403-00094318-00094473 from a lot of governance issues where
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00404-00094474-00094615 people are gonna basically have like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00405-00094616-00094887 different requirements from the from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00406-00094888-00095071 this VM and they're not gonna be able to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00407-00095072-00095254 decide who gets what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00408-00095255-00095548 going into that VM and you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00409-00095549-00095700 already see this with this like hundreds
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00410-00095701-00095935 of a IPS that are open in this in the in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00411-00095936-00096117 the EIP repo that Durham improvement
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00412-00096118-00096279 proposals and some of them are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00413-00096280-00096454 contradictory and like you know some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00414-00096455-00096634 people want state rent some people don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00415-00096635-00096807 some people want X some people don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00416-00096808-00097041 like it's like there's so many like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00417-00097042-00097323 different design requirements it's like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00418-00097324-00097530 the problem of the maturing complete VM
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00419-00097531-00097713 is that really forces everyone to like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00420-00097714-00098025 use the average use case you know an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00421-00098026-00098235 example I like to use is if you want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00422-00098236-00098379 build a payment system you should
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00423-00098380-00098625 probably be using UT exo's like there's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00424-00098626-00098856 a reason Bitcoin did that they're just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00425-00098857-00099117 way better for like parallelization and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00426-00099118-00099438 like efficiency but if you're building a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00427-00099439-00099666 payment system on top of aetherium you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00428-00099667-00099975 are stuck your hat you have to use their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00429-00099976-00100332 like account model and that involves
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00430-00100333-00100522 using the sequence numbers and you lose
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00431-00100523-00100710 out on a lot of parallelization and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00432-00100711-00100854 you don't get that you know just like in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00433-00100855-00100996 the world of nation-states where like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00434-00100997-00101256 splitting it off it allowed nations to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00435-00101257-00101493 specialize we also want to allow block
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00436-00101494-00102018 change to specialize in use cases this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00437-00102019-00102166 episode of epicenter is brought to you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00438-00102167-00102357 by Microsoft and the azure blockchain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00439-00102358-00102555 workbench getting your block team from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00440-00102556-00102711 the white board to production can be a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00441-00102713-00102909 big undertaking and something as simple
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00442-00102910-00103077 as connecting your blockchain to IOT
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00443-00103078-00103348 devices or existing ERP systems is a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00444-00103349-00103554 project in itself well the folks at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00445-00103555-00103750 Microsoft had you covered you already
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00446-00103751-00103863 know about the Azure blockchain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00447-00103864-00104016 workbench and how easy it makes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00448-00104017-00104169 bootstrapping your blockchain network
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00449-00104170-00104326 pre-configured with all the cloud
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00450-00104327-00104478 services you need for your enterprise
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00451-00104479-00104718 app their new development kit is the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00452-00104719-00104877 IFTTT for blockchains
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00453-00104878-00105063 suppose you want to collect data from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00454-00105064-00105303 someone in a remote location via SMS and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00455-00105304-00105523 half that data package in a transaction
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00456-00105524-00105724 for your hyper ledger fabric block team
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00457-00105725-00105958 the development kit allows you to build
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00458-00105958-00106150 this integration in just a few steps in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00459-00106151-00106401 a simple drag-and-drop interface here's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00460-00106402-00106533 another great example
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00461-00106534-00106693 perhaps you're an institution working
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00462-00106694-00106957 with etherium and rely on CSV files sent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00463-00106958-00107226 by email one click in the dev kit and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00464-00107227-00107398 you can parse these files and have two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00465-00107399-00107668 data embed it in transactions whatever
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00466-00107669-00107853 you're working with the dev kit can read
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00467-00107854-00108177 transform and act on the data to learn
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00468-00108178-00108300 more and to build your first application
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00469-00108301-00108678 in less than 30 minutes visit a kms /
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00470-00108679-00108883 epicenter and be sure to follow them on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00471-00108883-00109231 twitter at MSFT blockchain we'd like to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00472-00109232-00109416 thank Microsoft and Azure for their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00473-00109417-00109708 support of epicenter so they're the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00474-00109708-00109870 cosmos project has been in you know in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00475-00109871-00110049 development in some way now there for a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00476-00110050-00110238 long time right tenement I think was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00477-00110239-00110623 originally started in 2014 now just a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00478-00110624-00110853 month just a few weeks ago we finally
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00479-00110854-00111124 had the launch of the cosmos app so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00480-00111125-00111324 congratulations of course it did take a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00481-00111325-00111615 little bit longer than they announced
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00482-00111616-00111909 like talked a little bit through you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00483-00111910-00112050 know kind of the process of getting to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00484-00112051-00112290 launch why did it end up taking so much
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00485-00112291-00112582 longer and like how do you feel how do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00486-00112583-00112851 you guys feel that launch went launch
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00487-00112852-00113071 seems to have gone really well so I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00488-00113072-00113206 don't know if you've watched the video
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00489-00113207-00113358 if you were there at the livestream that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00490-00113359-00113484 was pretty cool I mean there was a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00491-00113485-00113685 moment I think it was blocked 17 you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00492-00113686-00113841 know Jack was hosting the livestream and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00493-00113842-00114090 we halted at block 17 in his face just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00494-00114091-00114201 like all the color drained out of his
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00495-00114202-00114483 face quite a quite a moment I think at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00496-00114484-00114670 Halloween someone dressed up as block 17
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00497-00114671-00114949 just to just a troll Jack but it seems
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00498-00114950-00115137 the launch went quite well you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00499-00115138-00115294 had this decentralized start which was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00500-00115295-00115425 pretty cool
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00501-00115426-00115606 quite a decentralized started actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00502-00115607-00115899 and then you know arguable kind of how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00503-00115900-00116013 you have you look at what's happened
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00504-00116014-00116248 since then but I think you know we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00505-00116249-00116446 quite excited about about you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00506-00116447-00116599 fact that it's live and it's working and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00507-00116600-00116782 you know there's lots of interesting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00508-00116783-00116991 activity happening and lots of upgrades
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00509-00116992-00117298 to come I think with respect to you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00510-00117299-00117510 how we got to launch and why it took so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00511-00117511-00117675 long and so on I mean you know on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00512-00117676-00117813 one hand software developers are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00513-00117814-00118099 notorious for poor estimates so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00514-00118100-00118243 there's there's Hofstadter's law which
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00515-00118244-00118491 is like it'll take longer than you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00516-00118492-00118635 expect even after you take into account
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00517-00118636-00118809 how Hofstadter's law so you get this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00518-00118810-00119044 kind of recursion which is great we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00519-00119045-00119256 definitely felt subject to that I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00520-00119257-00119545 we didn't quite appreciate maybe the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00521-00119546-00119658 complexity of what we were building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00522-00119659-00119841 initially and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00523-00119842-00119983 of that really only came to the surface
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00524-00119983-00120150 as we as we tried to start building it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00525-00120151-00120276 and there were a few iterations of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00526-00120277-00120394 things where you know we just threw
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00527-00120395-00120558 something away completely and started
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00528-00120559-00120781 again and so for instance that's kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00529-00120782-00121035 you know the story of the cosmos sdk the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00530-00121036-00121198 cosmos ftk wasn't part of the white
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00531-00121199-00121398 paper it wasn't really part of you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00532-00121399-00121543 front and center of anything but we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00533-00121544-00121700 realized kind of as we were going that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00534-00121701-00122064 you know we really do need a mature
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00535-00122065-00122308 professional framework for people to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00536-00122308-00122525 build blockchain applications in that is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00537-00122526-00122814 extensible and can cover a wide number
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00538-00122815-00123033 of use cases it doesn't lock into any
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00539-00123034-00123210 particular you know serialization
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00540-00123211-00123411 algorithm or Merkle tree structure or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00541-00123412-00123558 any of the things like this and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00542-00123559-00123801 prior to that we can have we had some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00543-00123802-00124021 some kind of a framework it was called
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00544-00124022-00124311 base coin at the time for a while you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00545-00124312-00124434 know and that was working we had test
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00546-00124435-00124611 nets with that running and staking and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00547-00124612-00124785 you know IBC even before the fundraiser
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00548-00124786-00125068 in 2017 but the kind of design process
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00549-00125069-00125356 for the cosmos SDK kind of set reset
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00550-00125357-00125538 things right we started working on a new
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00551-00125539-00125853 model putting you know object capability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00552-00125854-00126070 based security first and really thinking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00553-00126071-00126189 through you know how much of the goal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00554-00126190-00126366 programming language existing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00555-00126367-00126528 capabilities can we utilize in our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00556-00126529-00126741 security model and you know how are we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00557-00126742-00126883 gonna get the right abstractions and how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00558-00126883-00127065 are we gonna be able to build systems as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00559-00127066-00127290 diverse as the cosmos hub on the one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00560-00127291-00127476 hand and you know the etherium state
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00561-00127477-00127638 machine on the other right with the kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00562-00127639-00127771 of ether mint project that was really a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00563-00127772-00127996 at ease design goal that only really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00564-00127997-00128143 became articulated a little later on in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00565-00128144-00128337 the process that this framework we build
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00566-00128338-00128518 we want it to be extremely general
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00567-00128519-00128782 purpose so that you could literally wrap
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00568-00128783-00128976 the existing aetherium state machine
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00569-00128977-00129186 with its ROP and it's Merkel tree and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00570-00129187-00129483 the EVM as is all the existing clients
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00571-00129484-00129631 you know not have to change them at all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00572-00129632-00129856 and use the same framework to build that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00573-00129857-00130086 as you would use to build the cosmos hub
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00574-00130087-00130348 right and so that required a lot a lot
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00575-00130349-00130468 of design work and a lot of kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00576-00130469-00130704 resetting and you know rebuilding things
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00577-00130705-00130822 that we had already built in terms of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00578-00130823-00130993 staking modules and all this now back on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00579-00130994-00131185 top of this new framework and so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00580-00131186-00131298 know that kind of delayed things and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00581-00131299-00131463 then as we were really drilling into the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00582-00131464-00131632 staking model and the fee distribution
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00583-00131633-00131908 and all this stuff you know there's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00584-00131909-00132118 lot of complexity in there and it's it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00585-00132119-00132414 extremely advanced and I think as far as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00586-00132415-00132561 I know you know the most complicated
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00587-00132562-00132793 kind of approve a stake state machine in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00588-00132794-00133062 existence today especially with regards
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00589-00133063-00133175 to you know the delicate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00590-00133176-00133449 the unbounding periods and supporting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00591-00133450-00133647 read delegation which has its own set of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00592-00133648-00133952 subtleties and nuances and through all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00593-00133953-00134193 of that having fee distribution to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00594-00134194-00134358 potentially you know many thousands if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00595-00134359-00134520 not hundreds of thousands or millions of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00596-00134521-00134709 delegate errs across you know maybe a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00597-00134710-00134864 hundred or a few hundred validators so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00598-00134865-00135045 getting all that to work and you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00599-00135046-00135243 scrapped our fee distribution twice
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00600-00135244-00135438 you know we first had a pretty complex
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00601-00135439-00135558 one it was scrapped that and did a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00602-00135559-00135693 simple one and then we scrapped that and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00603-00135694-00135972 did a you know a different one and now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00604-00135973-00136095 you know things are a lot more mature
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00605-00136096-00136224 and stable and we have my specifications
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00606-00136225-00136518 for a lot of it but I you know I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00607-00136519-00136638 to a significant extent we really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00608-00136639-00136788 underestimated the complexity of what we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00609-00136789-00136881 were building there was enough
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00610-00136882-00137100 specification done upfront you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00611-00137101-00137189 there were did enough people really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00612-00137190-00137319 thinking about the problems and the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00613-00137320-00137448 implementation details and all that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00614-00137449-00137607 really only evolved over the course of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00615-00137608-00137820 2018 right and then of course there are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00616-00137821-00138036 you know operational constraints
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00617-00138037-00138207 coordination constraints we have quite a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00618-00138208-00138375 distributed team from San Francisco to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00619-00138376-00138657 you know Berlin all the way to Asia at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00620-00138658-00138876 points you know San Francisco and Berlin
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00621-00138877-00139131 pretty much don't overlap at any point
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00622-00139132-00139395 in business hours so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00623-00139396-00139593 coordinating it can be very difficult
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00624-00139594-00139887 and you know we launched Barry's program
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00625-00139888-00140082 so we iterated through the test nets and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00626-00140083-00140240 there's a lot of kind of operational
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00627-00140241-00140373 overhead to that and to gain mistakes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00628-00140374-00140601 which we can talk about as well and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00629-00140602-00140787 just like getting all those things in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00630-00140788-00140949 place and you know dealing with all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00631-00140950-00141215 difficulties of remote coordination and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00632-00141216-00141387 so on you know so it ended up taking a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00633-00141388-00141882 little bit longer the pages I mean I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00634-00141883-00142091 joked that you know it was like we were
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00635-00142092-00142289 two months away for like you know 15
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00636-00142290-00142466 months or something and then there was a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00637-00142467-00142611 period where we were like a month away
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00638-00142612-00142739 for a couple months and then we were a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00639-00142740-00142904 couple weeks away for a few weeks and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00640-00142905-00143097 you know then it happened so I actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00641-00143098-00143325 have a chart in the Berkeley offers the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00642-00143326-00143598 kind of matter estimated time to launch
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00643-00143599-00143760 and are just sort of hovering around two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00644-00143761-00144018 months mark or like good like eight
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00645-00144019-00144210 months that's funny
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00646-00144211-00144372 just the one other point I want to make
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00647-00144373-00144614 and Zac he gave a talk at the MIT
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00648-00144615-00144774 Bitcoin Expo that kind of you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00649-00144775-00145023 really harped on this approach we took
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00650-00145024-00145178 which I thought was actually really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00651-00145179-00145320 valuable and really interesting and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00652-00145321-00145451 think distinguishes us from a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00653-00145452-00145640 other projects which is that you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00654-00145641-00145836 we didn't launch the cosmic hub until a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00655-00145837-00145962 couple watched and said we the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00656-00145963-00146085 hog didn't launch until a couple weeks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00657-00146086-00146453 ago right but all the time there were a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00658-00146454-00146491 lot
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00659-00146492-00146710 number of projects building on top of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00660-00146711-00146887 you know the software we had been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00661-00146888-00147025 developing some of them even running in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00662-00147026-00147160 production and you know for instance the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00663-00147161-00147406 iris net launched you know I think a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00664-00147407-00147589 month or two before the cosmos hub did
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00665-00147590-00147766 and you know tender mint has been used
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00666-00147767-00147928 in production for you know quite some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00667-00147929-00148096 time now and so this approach of like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00668-00148097-00148345 doing everything in a quite modular
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00669-00148346-00148522 fashion and trying to make the pieces as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00670-00148523-00148828 useful as possible in the in term I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00671-00148829-00148990 think really helped kind of build the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00672-00148991-00149191 community and develop the ecosystem and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00673-00149192-00149464 the expertise around it until we got to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00674-00149465-00149599 the point of you know actually launching
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00675-00149600-00149941 this this main that cosmos hub and so I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00676-00149942-00150079 think that was really valuable for us
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00677-00150080-00150193 and kind of helped continue the momentum
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00678-00150194-00150379 and you know despite the fact that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00679-00150380-00150559 cosmic hub hadn't shipped you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00680-00150560-00150721 were still shipping lots of releases for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00681-00150722-00150901 tender mint and for the SDK and a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00682-00150902-00151048 people were starting to really see value
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00683-00151049-00151087 out of that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00684-00151088-00151306 and you know have running in production
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00685-00151307-00151591 for some time so you know I don't want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00686-00151592-00151659 to neglect that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00687-00151660-00151954 yeah of course and and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00688-00151955-00152151 obviously we're all very excited when
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00689-00152152-00152506 the launch happened and so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00690-00152507-00152713 months before launching there was this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00691-00152714-00153076 this game of stakes which was sort of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00692-00153077-00153298 like a I guess like a glorified test net
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00693-00153299-00153568 where things were happening kind of in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00694-00153569-00154027 production and being being sort of like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00695-00154028-00154384 a close observer of cosmos and a close
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00696-00154385-00154822 observer of course one I sort of got to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00697-00154823-00155113 see what was happening here and thought
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00698-00155114-00155260 it was interesting like that this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00699-00155261-00155392 approach was actually quite interesting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00700-00155393-00155641 and that you know maybe it should be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00701-00155642-00155830 adopted also by other blocking networks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00702-00155831-00156049 that would launch in the future can you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00703-00156050-00156199 talk about you know why you did this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00704-00156200-00156472 what was the goal here and like what you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00705-00156473-00156586 learned from this experience that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00706-00156587-00156751 allowed you to launch the network then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00707-00156752-00156961 so successfully and like so far
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00708-00156962-00157171 flawlessly I guess
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00709-00157172-00157512 sure I mean so a big part a bit pup a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00710-00157513-00157653 big part of our understanding of what we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00711-00157654-00157791 were doing is that not only we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00712-00157792-00157909 building software but we were also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00713-00157910-00158037 building a community of network
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00714-00158038-00158274 operators and when you're talking about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00715-00158275-00158463 the state systems the kind of expertise
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00716-00158464-00158644 required in a network operator is very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00717-00158645-00158901 very different from you know a proof of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00718-00158902-00159157 work system mining and you know the kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00719-00159158-00159297 of full nodes that are running there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00720-00159298-00159508 especially because you have this this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00721-00159509-00159714 private key online and you're also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00722-00159715-00159900 concerned with hiding your IP so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00723-00159901-00160065 have a more complicated kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00724-00160066-00160239 infrastructure or operational setup and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00725-00160240-00160488 so on and so early I think in 2018 you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00726-00160489-00160626 know we were a little bit confused there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00727-00160627-00160875 sorry a little bit concerned about how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00728-00160876-00161086 mature the actual validator community
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00729-00161087-00161349 was gonna be you know by the time launch
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00730-00161350-00161632 you know which was two months away how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00731-00161633-00161865 mature they were gonna be and so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00732-00161866-00161988 know we start to put some real effort
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00733-00161989-00162300 into into building the validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00734-00162301-00162462 community and the test net community and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00735-00162463-00162598 I think you know to a significance then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00736-00162599-00162922 this was really irritated by my Adrian
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00737-00162923-00163123 of kripp diem who was working with us at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00738-00163124-00163297 the time he really kind of got the ball
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00739-00163298-00163423 rolling on this which which is really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00740-00163424-00163573 nice and in it you know it picked up
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00741-00163574-00163819 kind of far beyond him very quickly and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00742-00163820-00163974 really became like a self-sustaining
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00743-00163975-00164185 community on its own of kind of running
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00744-00164186-00164386 test nets taking the latest release and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00745-00164387-00164565 you know running it in the wild and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00746-00164566-00164710 eventually by the summer we started
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00747-00164711-00164913 doing these like decentralized starts
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00748-00164914-00165034 you know there were a lot of hiccups at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00749-00165035-00165225 first when you're when you're like you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00750-00165226-00165402 know doing QA on your software with a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00751-00165403-00165588 distributed network of strangers over
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00752-00165589-00165765 the internet it's quite an intensive
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00753-00165766-00165990 experience but so we got these networks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00754-00165991-00166099 up and running through through the test
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00755-00166100-00166413 nets and and and through that kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00756-00166414-00166621 built a community of operators that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00757-00166622-00166756 really understood how to run the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00758-00166757-00167037 software how to deal with with bugs and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00759-00167038-00167143 failures you know there were lots of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00760-00167144-00167313 halts lots of lots of things went wrong
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00761-00167314-00167422 where people would have to kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00762-00167423-00167569 restart the whole network and do that in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00763-00167570-00167736 a decentralized way and so the community
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00764-00167737-00167925 really got a lot of practice doing that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00765-00167926-00168099 through the the series of test nets
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00766-00168100-00168319 which I think was was incredibly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00767-00168320-00168489 valuable both for us and for getting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00768-00168490-00168643 feedback and so on but also for them and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00769-00168644-00168801 learning how to operate and kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00770-00168802-00168960 building this this sense of community
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00771-00168961-00169195 but with respect to gameis tags I mean
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00772-00169196-00169386 it so the other piece that we were that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00773-00169387-00169534 we realized was that there were a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00774-00169535-00169795 people participating in these community
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00775-00169796-00169933 tests nets that were really valuable
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00776-00169934-00170056 community members answering lots of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00777-00170057-00170199 questions like doing just outstanding
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00778-00170200-00170293 work
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00779-00170294-00170419 in contributing to the software and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00780-00170420-00170649 on but these people actually didn't have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00781-00170650-00170839 didn't have any atoms you know they
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00782-00170840-00170977 didn't participate in the fundraiser in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00783-00170978-00171130 any you know at all maybe they didn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00784-00171131-00171271 even know about cosmos at the time and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00785-00171272-00171511 so you know given that the plan for the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00786-00171512-00171652 cosmos hub was that it was gonna launch
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00787-00171653-00171907 without the ability to transfer the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00788-00171908-00172129 atoms there was some concern that some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00789-00172130-00172363 of the most some of the most competent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00790-00172364-00172531 or experienced network operators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00791-00172532-00172657 actually wouldn't be able to participate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00792-00172658-00172825 at launch right and so this is where we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00793-00172826-00172951 kind of cooked up the idea that well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00794-00172952-00173098 maybe we can build some kind of us
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00795-00173099-00173380 incentivized test net competition where
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00796-00173381-00173533 the people who are really participating
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00797-00173534-00173749 really demonstrate their confidence can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00798-00173750-00174034 actually you know be rewarded with some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00799-00174035-00174175 atoms in the Genesis block a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00800-00174176-00174328 recommendation for atoms in the Genesis
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00801-00174329-00174538 block and so that if the network starts
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00802-00174539-00174664 with that recommendation you know though
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00803-00174665-00174823 they'll be there day one and they'll be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00804-00174824-00174997 able to start to participate and that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00805-00174998-00175225 was extremely well-received we had you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00806-00175226-00175345 know a lot of support for that a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00807-00175346-00175486 people participated in the game mistakes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00808-00175487-00175714 and some of those people who you know or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00809-00175715-00175855 some of those validators who received
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00810-00175856-00176065 you know atom recommendations in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00811-00176066-00176248 Genesis block you know we're validators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00812-00176249-00176494 on from block one and have been you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00813-00176495-00176671 huge again huge participants and in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00814-00176672-00176803 network since its launch and so a game
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00815-00176804-00176923 mistakes was really about making sure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00816-00176924-00177160 that you know those people who had put
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00817-00177161-00177316 so much time and effort and energy into
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00818-00177317-00177598 our Testament program and and weren't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00819-00177599-00177721 going to be able to participate at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00820-00177722-00177976 launch would actually have have some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00821-00177977-00178117 atoms so that they could participate and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00822-00178118-00178237 that seems to have worked tremendously
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00823-00178238-00178405 well and yeah I would highly recommend
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00824-00178406-00178630 that additional that other you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00825-00178631-00178783 proof of state networks that are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00826-00178784-00178936 launching do something like this and you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00827-00178937-00179044 know make sure they're building up this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00828-00179045-00179227 kind of community of network operators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00829-00179228-00179395 because at the end of the day running
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00830-00179396-00179599 these networks is really probably about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00831-00179600-00179806 half as much as about having competent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00832-00179807-00179950 operators that really understand what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00833-00179951-00180163 they're doing as it is about as it is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00834-00180164-00180250 about the software because the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00835-00180251-00180373 software's gonna have bugs it's gonna
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00836-00180374-00180490 have issues things are gonna go wrong
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00837-00180491-00180628 and you really need you know confident
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00838-00180629-00180924 network operators that can coordinate to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00839-00180925-00181126 address these kinds of issues and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00840-00181127-00181470 yeah yeah yeah I'm just just briefly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00841-00181471-00181741 weighing in here because you know and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00842-00181742-00181969 now of course one hat so we participated
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00843-00181970-00182146 of course in this in this game mistakes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00844-00182147-00182320 and we had like an incredibly also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00845-00182321-00182568 stressful and intense like Christmas
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00846-00182569-00182935 because of that because I mean I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00847-00182936-00183121 you know we have participating in these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00848-00183122-00183307 test nights for quite a while before but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00849-00183308-00183466 you know then it would be like okay
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00850-00183467-00183619 something happens it goes there and it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00851-00183620-00183646 wasn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00852-00183647-00183816 really self consequential but then all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00853-00183817-00183982 of a sudden it was like okay no this is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00854-00183983-00184239 like a major issue so then having you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00855-00184240-00184402 know building up systems to have you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00856-00184403-00184582 know automated phone calls and like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00857-00184583-00184791 on-call schedule and all like all of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00858-00184792-00184953 that stuff and you know initially it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00859-00184954-00185119 started just before Christmas and then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00860-00185120-00185284 it halted a bunch of times and then we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00861-00185285-00185518 started and then so we had basically a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00862-00185519-00185668 road with the holidays a lot of I mean
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00863-00185669-00185869 like many others I think like fixing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00864-00185870-00186088 these things and improving it and then I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00865-00186089-00186277 think what we saw right in the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00866-00186278-00186445 launch is that everything went super
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00867-00186446-00186652 smooth and I think that was without a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00868-00186653-00186804 mistakes that would not have gone this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00869-00186805-00187065 way I'm sure lots of validators we've
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00870-00187066-00187239 had lots of downtime and in-game
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00871-00187240-00187375 mistakes we saw lots of downtime of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00872-00187376-00187636 various validators but then since he
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00873-00187637-00187807 launched that hasn't happened like that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00874-00187808-00188011 yeah totally and the other thing that it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00875-00188012-00188194 also did like you mentioned was a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00876-00188195-00188458 the halts and the drinking mistakes were
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00877-00188459-00188725 due to like bugs in the software and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00878-00188726-00188877 good yeah another thing game mistakes
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00879-00188878-00189129 really did was it allowed us to have a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00880-00189130-00189504 good process of like test testing also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00881-00189505-00189706 to behavior on the state machine and all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00882-00189707-00189877 the validators were trying like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00883-00189878-00190069 different functions and like doing the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00884-00190070-00190222 fun little stuff on the game and that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00885-00190223-00190450 forced us to like test software and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00886-00190451-00190629 things that like in ways that you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00887-00190630-00190777 we weren't testing it internally
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00888-00190778-00190977 ourselves and so that helped us catch a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00889-00190978-00191194 lot of bugs and you know it seems that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00890-00191195-00191410 things so that we it could we have like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00891-00191411-00191572 who said we haven't had any bugs knock
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00892-00191573-00191848 on wood like yet on main net the other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00893-00191849-00192136 thing that game mistakes also tried to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00894-00192137-00192352 do which I'll actually argue that I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00895-00192353-00192607 don't think it did very well was we also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00896-00192608-00192781 had this we also had this idea that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00897-00192782-00193260 somehow it was going to test the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00898-00193261-00193564 economics of proof of stake and so what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00899-00193565-00193829 we and the idea was like oh can we like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00900-00193830-00194083 fast-track the testing of proof of stake
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00901-00194084-00194386 by like increasing the rewards like so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00902-00194387-00194536 the inflation was like I don't know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00903-00194537-00194764 something absurd like 20,000 percent or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00904-00194765-00194950 something over the over the course of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00905-00194951-00195106 two months and we thought oh that would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00906-00195107-00195268 somehow simulate running proof of stake
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00907-00195269-00195619 for four years and I don't know I you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00908-00195620-00195804 know like I said like Bucky said like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00909-00195805-00195913 one of the main things was to get
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00910-00195914-00196053 validators to test them they should set
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00911-00196054-00196264 up their security system properly and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00912-00196265-00196525 think that that like pizza were saying
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00913-00196526-00196743 oh we're testing proof of steak actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00914-00196744-00197013 degraded the improvement
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00915-00197014-00197292 people security so we'll notice that for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00916-00197293-00197664 example my validator sick we didn't auto
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00917-00197665-00197898 bond any of our tokens like we were not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00918-00197899-00198120 and so we quickly fell out of life you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00919-00198121-00198321 know our state quickly depleted that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00920-00198322-00198453 because we didn't want to practice like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00921-00198454-00198660 we wanted to practice keeping a cold key
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00922-00198661-00198897 and not having a hot key with Auto bond
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00923-00198898-00199277 script and so I think that like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00924-00199278-00199488 having that like testing a proof of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00925-00199489-00199671 stake kind of actually degraded a little
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00926-00199672-00199848 bit from the experience so that you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00927-00199849-00200070 I think as different projects go on and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00928-00200071-00200253 do more like incentivize test nets like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00929-00200254-00200406 this I think these are some of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00930-00200407-00200505 things that they should be thinking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00931-00200506-00200664 about really focusing on the security of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00932-00200665-00200937 the validators yeah that's a really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00933-00200938-00201237 great point and I mean partially to show
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00934-00201238-00201363 that you know we could we can do these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00935-00201364-00201519 kinds of experiments and and they can be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00936-00201520-00201747 successful but I think you know to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00937-00201748-00201891 Sonny's point they really should clarify
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00938-00201892-00202146 what in particular they are testing and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00939-00202147-00202236 not try to conflate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00940-00202237-00202524 too many things at once and you know I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00941-00202525-00202680 mean part of the excitement you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00942-00202681-00202839 that I always had around the block chain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00943-00202840-00202959 space was that we can really start to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00944-00202960-00203136 test you know economic mechanisms and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00945-00203137-00203298 things in the wild in ways that we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00946-00203299-00203472 probably couldn't before and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00947-00203473-00203678 that's that's more true than ever today
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00948-00203679-00203925 and yet with gay mistakes we kind of got
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00949-00203926-00204228 a few things I guess confound it in that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00950-00204229-00204348 in the one hand we're trying to really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00951-00204349-00204519 improve operator security but on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00952-00204520-00204645 other you know we were talking about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00953-00204646-00204831 testing the economics and and those two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00954-00204832-00205134 things are a little bit juxtaposed with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00955-00205135-00205263 each other there are a little bit in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00956-00205264-00205396 tension like something was saying you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00957-00205396-00205614 know you know auto auto bonding isn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00958-00205615-00205740 something you should be doing if you're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00959-00205741-00205914 building this kind of you know hyper
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00960-00205915-00206229 secure offline Keys system whereas it is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00961-00206230-00206391 if you're just in it for the rewards
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00962-00206392-00206577 right so but I think we're also seeing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00963-00206578-00206712 that play out on main yet I mean if you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00964-00206713-00206871 look at significant amount of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00965-00206873-00207078 transaction activity is some of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00966-00207079-00207287 validators just like constantly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00967-00207288-00207507 withdrawing their rewards and rebonding
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00968-00207508-00207756 it you know maybe that's a problem with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00969-00207757-00207891 the architecture of the system that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00970-00207892-00208047 rewards aren't automatically bonded and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00971-00208048-00208176 the stuff that can be addressed in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00972-00208177-00208389 future but I think this point about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00973-00208390-00208536 picking what you're what you're testing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00974-00208537-00208744 and what you're experimenting with is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00975-00208744-00208983 important yeah the economics of a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00976-00208984-00209148 short-term game are just so different
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00977-00209149-00209280 than the economics of a long-term
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00978-00209281-00209508 repeated game and that's that and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00979-00209509-00209673 think that was sort of the main problem
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00980-00209674-00209871 and we saw like certain attacks that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00981-00209873-00210081 were tried on gay mistakes that only
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00982-00210082-00210283 made sense and short-term games
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00983-00210284-00210544 in a long-term game like the real cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00984-00210544-00210707 Saab is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00985-00210708-00210914 well let's move to the topic of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00986-00210915-00211064 governance right because that's another
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00987-00211065-00211246 thing that you know since the network's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00988-00211248-00211436 launched like II still can't transfer
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00989-00211437-00211652 tokens but there is like activity around
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00990-00211653-00212023 governance and one you know one of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00991-00212025-00212177 things that's interesting is in the last
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00992-00212178-00212234 year's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00993-00212235-00212392 people often talked about Unchained
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00994-00212394-00212525 governance but they would always talk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00995-00212526-00212767 about you know taser also Definity or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00996-00212769-00212921 like these other projects cosmos would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00997-00212921-00213142 never be mentioned but of course there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00998-00213144-00213296 is on chain governance since it's being
+FjRgO6L2UHc-00999-00213296-00213473 used today so the mayor's mind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01000-00213473-00213689 describing what is Yan Cheng governance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01001-00213690-00213946 process look like in cosmos and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01002-00213948-00214151 how does it differ from other on chain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01003-00214152-00214502 governance processes sure so the entren
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01004-00214503-00214717 governance process of Cosmos is a little
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01005-00214719-00215117 bit complex and it's like not it's I'd
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01006-00215117-00215276 say it's somewhere in the middle ground
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01007-00215277-00215615 between like the more social consensus
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01008-00215616-00215831 style system of Bitcoin and theorem and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01009-00215832-00216182 the more like complete hardcore fully on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01010-00216183-00216359 chain governance that like tezo's or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01011-00216360-00216566 polka-dot kind of saying it's so intense
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01012-00216567-00216737 and polka-dot like you know they have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01013-00216738-00216919 like a sort of sort of coin holder
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01014-00216921-00217117 voting where the more coins you have the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01015-00217119-00217355 more votes you get and that has the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01016-00217356-00217604 ability to automatically change the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01017-00217605-00217853 software and you know my issue at this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01018-00217854-00218087 is I think it leaves out a lot of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01019-00218088-00218273 stakeholders so you know coin holders
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01020-00218273-00218537 are an important stakeholder in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01021-00218538-00218687 governance process but they're not the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01022-00218688-00218936 only one there are other important
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01023-00218937-00219116 stakeholders that you need to gauge the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01024-00219117-00219311 opinion of such as you know maybe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01025-00219312-00219517 businesses who are depending on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01026-00219519-00219851 system users core developers there's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01027-00219852-00220016 lot of people who you need to gauge the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01028-00220017-00220244 social consensus of and that's kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01029-00220244-00220396 like you know always been the premise of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01030-00220398-00220573 Bitcoin and a theory element whatnot
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01031-00220575-00220769 that you need to gauge all everyone's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01032-00220769-00220969 consensus but the problem that Bitcoin
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01033-00220971-00221126 aetherium face is that they don't have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01034-00221127-00221467 an outlet for coin holders to signal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01035-00221469-00221726 their views and so this is kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01036-00221727-00222002 problematic as well where like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01037-00222003-00222200 the etherium for example has the carbon
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01038-00222201-00222383 vote but it's not this like official
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01039-00222384-00222605 thing and like the ux around it is not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01040-00222606-00222811 that great and it's like so at least
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01041-00222812-00223123 extremely low voter turnout and so the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01042-00223125-00223307 idea is that by like making it beat like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01043-00223308-00223517 the on chain governance or on chain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01044-00223517-00223751 signaling be like an official part of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01045-00223752-00223823 the core Pro
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01046-00223823-00224015 Paul the idea is that hopefully we can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01047-00224016-00224288 get more voter turnout and it so we can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01048-00224289-00224588 get the coin holders views as an input
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01049-00224589-00224891 into the social consensus and so if you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01050-00224892-00225035 look at the governance system of Cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01051-00225036-00225304 there's three types of proposals there's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01052-00225305-00225673 text proposal parameter change proposal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01053-00225675-00225967 and software upgrade proposal so the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01054-00225969-00226154 texture puzzle is really what I've been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01055-00226155-00226319 talking about where it's this signal so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01056-00226319-00226517 it's like you know we ask the coin
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01057-00226517-00226838 holders hey do you want this feature or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01058-00226839-00227021 what do you think about this idea and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01059-00227021-00227183 and the coin holders can do their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01060-00227184-00227473 signaling then there's a second round
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01061-00227475-00227891 which is sort of like the software
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01062-00227892-00228113 upgrade proposals this is where the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01063-00228114-00228332 question we're asking to coin holders is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01064-00228333-00228584 not actually what is not actually this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01065-00228585-00228773 this is really less of a governance and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01066-00228773-00228980 it's more of just a coordination system
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01067-00228981-00229192 of when to upgrade and so what we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01068-00229194-00229523 asking people is not do you want this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01069-00229523-00229778 change it's do you think social
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01070-00229779-00230035 consensus has agreed to this change so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01071-00230036-00230213 for example if you look at a segment
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01072-00230214-00230492 activation in Bitcoin right that whole
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01073-00230492-00230804 not 80% threshold that they had I don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01074-00230805-00231029 think 80% of miners wanted Segway the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01075-00231030-00231229 question really was do you think that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01076-00231230-00231509 segment was accepted by social consensus
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01077-00231510-00231746 and 80% of the miners voted YES on that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01078-00231746-00231989 question and so that's really what the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01079-00231990-00232234 software upgrade proposal is we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01080-00232235-00232376 telling that we're telling the voters
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01081-00232377-00232546 here that you're not posting you're not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01082-00232548-00232669 supposed to be saying all you want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01083-00232671-00232841 you're supposed to be just providing an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01084-00232842-00233051 Oracle to social consensus and saying
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01085-00233052-00233312 has social consensus agreed to run this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01086-00233313-00233555 and if so let's coordinate on a block
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01087-00233556-00233855 height and a code hash to upgrade to and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01088-00233856-00234202 then finally there's that middle type of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01089-00234203-00234425 proposal which is the parameter change
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01090-00234426-00234652 which there's some things like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01091-00234653-00234926 high-level code changes and so we want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01092-00234927-00235076 to go through this very slow and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01093-00235077-00235214 drawn-out process be somewhat
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01094-00235215-00235427 conservative like Bitcoin but you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01095-00235428-00235519 even on aetherium
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01096-00235521-00235757 there are certain things that like the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01097-00235758-00235925 miners can just straight-up change
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01098-00235926-00236129 themselves for example the gas limit or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01099-00236130-00236351 block size in aetherium and so that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01100-00236352-00236477 why we have these parameter chains
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01101-00236478-00236663 opposes where it's like some things that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01102-00236664-00236869 maybe just for the cake for you the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01103-00236871-00237017 situation of simplicity and efficiency
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01104-00237017-00237209 will say okay well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01105-00237210-00237367 the coin holders just automatically
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01106-00237369-00237650 upgrade that themselves but the things
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01107-00237651-00237785 that are going to be in that camp are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01108-00237786-00238157 probably going to be somewhat limited so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01109-00238158-00238364 really the the Tex proposals in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01110-00238365-00238562 software proposal this two-round system
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01111-00238563-00238775 is really going to be the crux of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01112-00238776-00239012 cosmoses vote the Kosmos hubs a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01113-00239013-00239201 relatively conservative governance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01114-00239202-00239555 system so we've had to governance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01115-00239556-00239792 proposals so far right one was about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01116-00239792-00239998 changing some parameter about how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01117-00240000-00240148 inflation and the block rewards
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01118-00240150-00240455 calculated and the other one is around
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01119-00240456-00240767 enabling transfers you know what are the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01120-00240767-00241069 insights or maybe some lessons that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01121-00241071-00241267 guys see so far in terms of how the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01122-00241269-00241607 governance system is functioning is it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01123-00241608-00241771 kind of living up to expectations do you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01124-00241773-00241976 guys feel like some things have come up
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01125-00241977-00242387 that surprised you yeah so you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01126-00242388-00242591 second proposal that was made on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01127-00242592-00242773 Kosmos hub the first one was about this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01128-00242775-00243035 like thing that it was relatively
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01129-00243036-00243223 unconscious and it seems to be passing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01130-00243225-00243512 quite well the second one was about you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01131-00243513-00243737 know the famous activating of transfers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01132-00243738-00243926 so you know as Bucky mentioned we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01133-00243927-00244091 launched the cosmos hub without the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01134-00244092-00244385 ability to run without the ability to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01135-00244386-00244532 transfer tokens and we kind of said
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01136-00244533-00244733 it'll be up to the community to decide
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01137-00244734-00244967 when they think that activity transfers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01138-00244967-00245306 is ready but the way that that second
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01139-00245307-00245537 governance proposal was kind of framed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01140-00245538-00245933 it was framing up in a suboptimal way
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01141-00245934-00246167 where it basically said do you want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01142-00246167-00246506 activate transfers and if so we'll all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01143-00246507-00246887 run the code that is signed by aib all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01144-00246888-00247071 in bits or tender meant the company and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01145-00247073-00247313 basically essentially like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01146-00247314-00247514 tender mint the company essentially they
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01147-00247515-00247661 said like it was based off of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01148-00247662-00247873 signatures of three key base accounts
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01149-00247875-00248117 which I think included Bucky J and Jack
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01150-00248117-00248336 who is the project manager for the SDK
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01151-00248337-00248627 if it has the signature of these three
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01152-00248628-00248906 people then we'll go ahead and run that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01153-00248907-00249238 code but that's and know that actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01154-00249239-00249469 for a little bit a lot of people have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01155-00249471-00249686 voted yes and then some people start to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01156-00249687-00249830 think about it a bit more and they're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01157-00249831-00250013 like wait a second that means that like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01158-00250014-00250342 tender mint the company could like do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01159-00250344-00250544 anything they want and like we could we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01160-00250544-00250598 could change
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01161-00250598-00250883 state machine true like do you know do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01162-00250884-00251060 anything we want a lot send all money to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01163-00251061-00251216 us and you know obviously I work for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01164-00251217-00251392 tender mint the company and III hope I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01165-00251394-00251546 don't think we're malicious but like I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01166-00251546-00251723 think it's that good precedent that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01167-00251723-00251960 community was like very and skeptical of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01168-00251961-00252191 us and so now in the past few days that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01169-00252192-00252434 the vote on that proposal has quickly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01170-00252435-00252698 shifted to no and that proposal will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01171-00252698-00252944 probably be rejected and there are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01172-00252944-00253267 people in the process of writing a new
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01173-00253269-00253466 proposal for enabling transfers that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01174-00253467-00253700 follows this more two-round commit
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01175-00253701-00254084 system that we just talked about so one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01176-00254085-00254438 of the interesting things in the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01177-00254439-00254759 voting system is that you know if let's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01178-00254760-00254954 say I'm a delegator and I'm delegating
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01179-00254955-00255244 to you know validate or a then if I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01180-00255246-00255503 don't but if I don't vote myself on a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01181-00255504-00255740 proposal I basically wrote in the same
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01182-00255741-00256013 way that validated a votes but I have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01183-00256014-00256271 the ability to say oh I'm gonna vote
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01184-00256271-00256502 myself and then differ from the way my
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01185-00256503-00256829 validator votes how do you guys think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01186-00256830-00257048 about that in terms of the sort of power
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01187-00257048-00257237 balance between validators and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01188-00257238-00257408 alligator's I mean in many voting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01189-00257409-00257582 systems on chain governments voting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01190-00257583-00257762 systems we've seen very low
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01191-00257763-00258008 participation from token holders so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01192-00258009-00258248 let's say we're going to see similarly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01193-00258248-00258512 very low participation here do you see a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01194-00258513-00258677 risk that validators will have too much
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01195-00258678-00259108 power in this yeah I think potentially I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01196-00259109-00259451 think you know first of all this is all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01197-00259452-00259619 a massive experiment so we don't really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01198-00259619-00259735 know how any of these things are going
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01199-00259736-00259955 to shake out the nice thing though is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01200-00259956-00260264 that that having this kind of automated
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01201-00260265-00260675 governance for delegate errs basically
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01202-00260676-00260896 you know it does help Geron I mean it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01203-00260898-00261085 kind of double-edged on the on the voter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01204-00261086-00261215 turnout question because on the one hand
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01205-00261216-00261488 by having the automated the automated
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01206-00261489-00261632 voting kind of follow your delegate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01207-00261633-00261835 follow your validator you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01208-00261836-00261967 basically guarantee that as long as the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01209-00261969-00262133 validators are voting which they ought
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01210-00262134-00262349 to be then all of the stake is kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01211-00262350-00262505 coming with them which leads to high
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01212-00262506-00262709 turnout numbers now whether or not the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01213-00262710-00262895 individual delegate errs are kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01214-00262896-00263110 paying attention is kind of another
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01215-00263111-00263306 question and I think it it really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01216-00263307-00263591 depends on it depends on who the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01217-00263592-00263774 delegator czar and what what they care
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01218-00263775-00263949 about and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01219-00263950-00264150 how technical they are and how how much
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01220-00264151-00264288 they kind of understand state the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01221-00264289-00264410 network right so to the extent that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01222-00264411-00264654 they're just you know retail consumers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01223-00264655-00264789 that are looking for some kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01224-00264790-00265014 passive return you know then then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01225-00265015-00265235 they're not gonna care and at least in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01226-00265236-00265332 theory right they're they're not gonna
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01227-00265333-00265527 know enough to pay attention now I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01228-00265528-00265737 we've we've kind of hoped and tried to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01229-00265738-00265932 you know encourage the community to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01230-00265933-00266145 such that such retail investors aren't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01231-00266146-00266370 really the primary holders of atoms you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01232-00266371-00266558 know other parts of the cosmos network
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01233-00266559-00266735 will be for them the hope is that really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01234-00266736-00266895 the people that hold atoms are people
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01235-00266896-00267168 that are quite quite interested involved
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01236-00267169-00267498 in the the maturation the mature ation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01237-00267499-00267683 of this technology and the network and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01238-00267684-00267813 you know they're building businesses
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01239-00267814-00268041 around it and on and so on so want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01240-00268042-00268272 see that even if they're not a validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01241-00268273-00268464 themselves that the network is evolving
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01242-00268465-00268662 in a direction that makes sense for them
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01243-00268663-00268977 as kind of active stakeholders right but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01244-00268978-00269103 the extent to which they'll be active
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01245-00269104-00269253 really depends on the extent to which
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01246-00269254-00269442 there is opportunities for them to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01247-00269443-00269751 active outside of just being a validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01248-00269752-00269895 right so building businesses and you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01249-00269896-00270066 know putting up zones and all this kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01250-00270067-00270321 of other stuff on top of cosmos but so I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01251-00270322-00270594 think there is there is some risk a lot
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01252-00270595-00270747 of it remains to be seen how this is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01253-00270748-00270939 gonna work out you know again it's a big
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01254-00270940-00271053 experiment I mean there have been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01255-00271054-00271305 discussions about potentially changing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01256-00271306-00271653 the governance so you know so that maybe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01257-00271654-00271880 when you delegate you also have to pick
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01258-00271881-00272157 which validators votes you'll follow
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01259-00272158-00272340 rather than automatically following the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01260-00272341-00272580 validator you delegated to so that could
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01261-00272581-00272724 kind of make things a little bit more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01262-00272725-00272979 flexible and could potentially separate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01263-00272980-00273291 the you know the decision between who
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01264-00273292-00273543 you want your your stake to be tied to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01265-00273544-00273683 and who you want your vote to be tied to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01266-00273684-00273855 which could be very different but I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01267-00273856-00274113 think you know if from a certain other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01268-00274114-00274259 analysis or perspective it might make
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01269-00274260-00274440 sense for those things to be the same it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01270-00274441-00274557 doesn't even necessarily have to be to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01271-00274558-00274695 another ballot it could be just to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01272-00274696-00274857 another user account as well could be to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01273-00274858-00275004 another user right right right so kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01274-00275005-00275118 of make it more of a liquid democracy
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01275-00275119-00275400 kind of approach yeah so there's a lot
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01276-00275401-00275544 of opportunity and flexibility there I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01277-00275545-00275682 think what we've started with is just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01278-00275683-00275783 kind of you know again from the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01279-00275784-00275960 perspective of actually shipping the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01280-00275961-00276162 thing and having it not be too
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01281-00276163-00276321 complicated from the get-go you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01282-00276322-00276489 ideal is well let's ship the kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01283-00276490-00276672 simplest thing that makes sense and that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01284-00276673-00276876 kind of works and let it evolve from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01285-00276877-00276962 there according
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01286-00276963-00277106 you know the stakeholders and the users
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01287-00277107-00277301 of the network so it'll be very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01288-00277302-00277445 interesting to see how the governance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01289-00277446-00277715 really evolves from here I think that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01290-00277716-00278000 this flexibility is is is desirable and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01291-00278001-00278138 perhaps necessary and I think that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01292-00278139-00278360 having something more akin to a liquid
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01293-00278361-00278612 democracy is is an improvement or some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01294-00278613-00278911 sort of betterment in in terms of what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01295-00278912-00279206 you know our actual current political
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01296-00279207-00279371 systems look like but I think the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01297-00279372-00279665 challenge remains regardless of you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01298-00279666-00279911 this sort of flexibility is is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01299-00279912-00280067 participation and encouraging
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01300-00280068-00280394 participation now it might be that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01301-00280395-00280559 have all these all these functionalities
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01302-00280560-00280706 and these features that allow you to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01303-00280707-00280961 delegate etc but that in reality you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01304-00280962-00281297 know maybe two big whales or only act
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01305-00281298-00281513 only two big whales are actually coming
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01306-00281514-00281693 in and making decisions on unimportant
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01307-00281694-00281942 proposals to the network and if at some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01308-00281943-00282104 point you know there are billions of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01309-00282105-00282314 dollars in value and user applications
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01310-00282315-00282482 and investment funds and insurance
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01311-00282483-00282626 companies and banks and what have you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01312-00282627-00282842 building on tender mint then you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01313-00282843-00282998 that could potentially pose a risk to a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01314-00282999-00283301 lot of users you know what idea that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01315-00283302-00283430 you know we were discussing before the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01316-00283431-00283670 show Brian and I and one idea could be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01317-00283671-00284143 potentially that delegate errs would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01318-00284144-00284564 would need to actively delegate their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01319-00284565-00284771 vote with validators but that those
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01320-00284772-00284999 validators votes in a pool would only
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01321-00285000-00285281 count if a sufficient threat hole
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01322-00285282-00285461 threshold had been reached so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01323-00285462-00285650 effectively validators would sort of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01324-00285651-00285872 have to campaign on behalf of their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01325-00285873-00286115 delegate errs in order for votes to go
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01326-00286116-00286244 through so therefore you might have a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01327-00286245-00286361 situation where it like people be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01328-00286362-00286583 incentivized to vote etc how do you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01329-00286584-00286907 think that you know we can actively to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01330-00286908-00287150 you know make blockchains a sort of more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01331-00287151-00287282 democratic system where there is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01332-00287283-00287456 actually participation and we don't fall
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01333-00287457-00287585 into the same sort of system that we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01334-00287586-00287813 have now where you know most elections I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01335-00287814-00288017 think you know like never for the past
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01336-00288018-00288242 50% and like in recent elections we've
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01337-00288243-00288481 seen like you know even less than that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01338-00288482-00288707 this is a really hard question and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01339-00288708-00288812 don't know that any of us are going to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01340-00288813-00288977 be able to give like real competent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01341-00288978-00289154 answers I think to some extent we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01342-00289155-00289370 exploring extremely uncertain and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01343-00289371-00289649 unknown territory but what I would say
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01344-00289650-00290066 is that you know - it really depends on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01345-00290067-00290159 the stakeholders in the community
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01346-00290160-00290292 engagement and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01347-00290293-00290432 you know how much people care about the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01348-00290433-00290616 system and want to participate in to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01349-00290617-00290745 some extent it will also depend on the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01350-00290746-00290909 incentives but you know building the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01351-00290910-00291051 incentives around governance in a way
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01352-00291052-00291204 that doesn't just promote ho buying and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01353-00291205-00291530 all this stuff is quite difficult and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01354-00291531-00291702 I think you know and part again part of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01355-00291703-00292007 the vision of Cosmos was really this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01356-00292008-00292146 sovereignty and this you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01357-00292147-00292296 proliferation of block chains and that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01358-00292297-00292460 any group of stakeholders that wanted to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01359-00292461-00292655 put up a chain would have the tools to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01360-00292656-00292869 do so and to do so in a way that was at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01361-00292870-00293076 some level interoperable with everything
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01362-00293077-00293244 else right so you know whether they're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01363-00293245-00293496 talking to the Kosmos hub or not it kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01364-00293497-00293664 of doesn't matter and so from this from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01365-00293665-00293943 this larger you know meta perspective of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01366-00293944-00294069 giving people the tools to run block
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01367-00294070-00294177 chains and to engage with them and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01368-00294178-00294485 govern them I think that that will hold
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01369-00294486-00294639 a lot of promise in this question about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01370-00294640-00294801 you know how do we build actually engage
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01371-00294802-00295002 communities and and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01372-00295003-00295245 stakeholders that participate but I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01373-00295246-00295404 think it you know it's also still an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01374-00295405-00295637 open question for us as you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01375-00295638-00295859 civilizations and societies how we build
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01376-00295860-00296121 these kinds of institutions where there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01377-00296122-00296255 is kind of democratic engagement
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01378-00296256-00296493 participation and you know we don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01379-00296494-00296742 really have that at a large scale in our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01380-00296743-00296913 I think you know in our politics there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01381-00296914-00296988 are certain other you know like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01382-00296989-00297203 cooperative corporations try to do this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01383-00297204-00297351 a little bit more actively where you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01384-00297352-00297465 know the members kind of have to vote
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01385-00297466-00297621 that's kind of the whole point to being
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01386-00297622-00297717 part of a cooperative is you're supposed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01387-00297718-00297897 to vote on the thing right and so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01388-00297898-00297999 can think of some of these digital
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01389-00298000-00298143 networks is like there's some of these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01390-00298144-00298287 blockchain networks is like digital
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01391-00298288-00298532 cooperatives in the sense but you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01392-00298533-00298730 it's very experimental and so I think it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01393-00298731-00299030 really comes down to what is the value
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01394-00299031-00299220 to the stakeholder that they're getting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01395-00299221-00299343 out of this and how much do they care
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01396-00299344-00299547 and if they don't if they simply don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01397-00299548-00299844 care enough about the outcome that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01398-00299845-00299943 know they're gonna vote them they're not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01399-00299944-00300144 gonna vote right and so you know the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01400-00300145-00300375 closer that the actual state machine of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01401-00300376-00300578 the blockchain is to the particular
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01402-00300579-00300741 stakeholder the more likely they're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01403-00300742-00300854 gonna pay attention and they are gonna
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01404-00300855-00301044 vote and so you know this kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01405-00301045-00301323 thinking I think has been paramount in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01406-00301324-00301499 in our design decisions to you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01407-00301500-00301754 encourage the proliferation to not have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01408-00301755-00301965 the kind of shared security by default
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01409-00301966-00302091 but to have you know more of an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01410-00302092-00302264 interoperability by default and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01411-00302265-00302557 sovereignty by default to really enable
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01412-00302558-00302778 the state machine to really be as close
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01413-00302779-00302925 as possible to the stakeholder so that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01414-00302926-00303063 they will care so that they will turn
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01415-00303064-00303243 out and I think asking the question of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01416-00303244-00303482 you know how do we get all of the atom
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01417-00303483-00303574 holders to vote
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01418-00303575-00303700 things on the cosmos table or how do we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01419-00303701-00303835 get all the Bitcoin holders to vote on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01420-00303836-00304027 things on Bitcoin you know it's a little
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01421-00304028-00304273 bit of a misnomer because of how distant
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01422-00304274-00304492 the state machine of those networks is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01423-00304493-00304720 from the stakeholder right
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01424-00304721-00305083 and yeah so kind of a long-winded way of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01425-00305084-00305221 saying you know it really depends and we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01426-00305222-00305635 don't know also a couple of weeks like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01427-00305636-00305824 earlier on in like the cognitive
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01428-00305825-00305992 development process we actually had it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01429-00305993-00306406 so that if you like you know if a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01430-00306407-00306646 validator doesn't vote they actually got
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01431-00306647-00306925 slashed but then what you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01432-00306926-00307051 emergent behavior that ended up
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01433-00307052-00307174 happening is everyone just started
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01434-00307175-00307381 writing scripts that would auto vote
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01435-00307382-00307705 abstain and it you know I think what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01436-00307706-00307930 that made us realize was trying to force
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01437-00307931-00308167 behavior especially when it comes to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01438-00308168-00308371 voting and stuff is not effective and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01439-00308372-00308617 really what we need to do is inspire and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01440-00308618-00308791 encourage people to vote and I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01441-00308792-00309067 that that is like you know this whole
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01442-00309068-00309304 community blockchains idea is kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01443-00309305-00309493 well hopefully do that we're like you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01444-00309494-00309664 know the reason maybe people don't want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01445-00309665-00309820 to vote on a lot of the etherium stuff
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01446-00309821-00309985 is that it's like you know it's just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01447-00309986-00310171 such a big system that like you don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01448-00310172-00310330 care about everything that's going on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01449-00310331-00310519 right but like if it's like a more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01450-00310520-00310747 specialized application or part of your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01451-00310748-00310960 community chain or something you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01452-00310961-00311206 maybe that will lead to more engagement
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01453-00311207-00311362 and then from a technical standpoint
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01454-00311363-00311509 there's also like you know some certain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01455-00311510-00311650 stuff that I've been working on to make
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01456-00311651-00311878 it easier for people to vote so for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01457-00311879-00312163 example right now you need a vote using
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01458-00312164-00312508 your key that also you know has all your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01459-00312509-00312661 atoms on it and maybe you want to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01460-00312662-00312883 keeping that in cold storage I'm working
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01461-00312884-00313165 on a proposal called subkeys which will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01462-00313166-00313360 allow you to like basically designate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01463-00313361-00313618 one key as like a for different
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01464-00313619-00313756 functionality so you could and one of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01465-00313757-00313843 the things you could do is you could say
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01466-00313844-00314095 this key has only the ability to vote in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01467-00314096-00314386 governance and it can't like move your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01468-00314387-00314611 tokens to someone else so it's okay that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01469-00314612-00314782 maybe that you have your main key on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01470-00314783-00315019 your ledger in cold storage but like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01471-00315020-00315181 your governance key you can keep it on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01472-00315182-00315379 your phone and there's like already a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01473-00315380-00315673 bunch of great mobile wallets like a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01474-00315674-00315928 rainbow wallet and Kosmo station and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01475-00315929-00316090 that all do you support governance and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01476-00316091-00316261 so once we have these sub keys you can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01477-00316262-00316429 keep those keys on your phone and be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01478-00316430-00316560 able to vote you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01479-00316561-00316830 go make it like fine like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01480-00316831-00316974 you agree when you see how the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01481-00316975-00317154 holder atom hold you like hey have you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01482-00317155-00317298 voted on the proposal yet and like you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01483-00317299-00317433 know well you know we got to encourage
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01484-00317434-00317556 people to be part of it and make it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01485-00317557-00317835 easier and more secure for people to do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01486-00317836-00318287 it as well so we spoken it a bit about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01487-00318288-00318591 validators and and of course that does
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01488-00318592-00318846 tie in to governance as well so what do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01489-00318847-00319137 you guys see as the role of validators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01490-00319138-00319368 in the long run and to kind of the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01491-00319369-00319716 function they serve in a network sorry I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01492-00319717-00319917 just want to make a point about the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01493-00319918-00320034 last discussion which I think is that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01494-00320035-00320280 this point is about kind of voter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01495-00320281-00320490 turnout and engagement and that it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01496-00320491-00320628 maybe the wrong question and it's more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01497-00320629-00320757 about building systems that people care
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01498-00320758-00320957 about and getting the engagement there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01499-00320958-00321237 kind of holds for the larger space of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01500-00321238-00321408 mechanism design and you know all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01501-00321409-00321510 kind of things we're working on we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01502-00321511-00321707 always we tend to take very you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01503-00321708-00321927 technically oriented and mechanism
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01504-00321928-00322113 oriented approaches to the design of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01505-00322114-00322239 these systems and I think to a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01506-00322240-00322401 significant extent you know somewhere
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01507-00322402-00322632 along the line neglect the fact that the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01508-00322633-00322737 whole point of this thing is to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01509-00322738-00323004 coordinate you know real wet human messy
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01510-00323005-00323310 humans the human elements are really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01511-00323311-00323442 what this all about and you know if we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01512-00323443-00323640 don't tend to the psychological and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01513-00323641-00323895 sociological aspects of that no matter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01514-00323896-00324101 how perfect your mechanism is on paper
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01515-00324102-00324474 you know it might not really might not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01516-00324475-00324615 really take shape the way you expect and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01517-00324616-00324792 you know I was at the radical exchange
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01518-00324793-00325022 conference last week with my girlfriend
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01519-00325023-00325296 who is much more in the kind of social
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01520-00325297-00325470 side of things and you know how to make
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01521-00325471-00325632 technology more human side and she was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01522-00325633-00325788 basically just trolling me the whole
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01523-00325789-00325944 time we were there and just chirping
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01524-00325945-00326115 about you know all these people are so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01525-00326116-00326283 like mechanism oriented like where's the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01526-00326284-00326448 humanity in all this and so you know I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01527-00326449-00326592 try to channel her as much as possible
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01528-00326593-00326799 and thinking about blockchain design and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01529-00326800-00327045 so on so anyways from the perspective of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01530-00327046-00327555 validators I mean I see I would I'm very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01531-00327556-00327681 interested in this isn't much this is a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01532-00327682-00327825 long-term perspective so I'll just give
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01533-00327826-00327879 it to you like that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01534-00327880-00328179 I'm looking for radical decentralization
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01535-00328180-00328347 of the physical infrastructure of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01536-00328348-00328434 Internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01537-00328435-00328659 because right now it's kind of a red
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01538-00328660-00328845 herring it's kind of a I'm sorry not a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01539-00328846-00329019 red herring it's the elephant in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01540-00329020-00329262 room get my analogies my idioms mixed up
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01541-00329263-00329400 the elephant in the room when we talk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01542-00329401-00329586 about decentralization is the physical
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01543-00329587-00329748 infrastructure right because we have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01544-00329749-00329982 made almost no progress you know we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01545-00329983-00330156 doing really great things on be central
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01546-00330157-00330324 to file-sharing and consensus and you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01547-00330325-00330489 know all these all these great software
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01548-00330490-00330645 and overlay stuff but when it comes to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01549-00330646-00330882 the physical infrastructure you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01550-00330883-00331041 we've hardly even begun I mean there's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01551-00331042-00331275 few mesh net projects and so on but so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01552-00331276-00331560 what I really see in the long term the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01553-00331561-00331833 validators as being the seeds for real
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01554-00331834-00332070 decentralization of the of the Internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01555-00332071-00332208 infrastructure and I think you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01556-00332209-00332415 validator like Ruby snake validators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01557-00332416-00332685 might be the first application where
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01558-00332686-00332865 people are going back to data centers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01559-00332866-00333012 right like everything moved to the cloud
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01560-00333013-00333210 and it's like finally we've created an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01561-00333211-00333348 application that is encouraging people
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01562-00333349-00333615 to actually leave the cloud and actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01563-00333616-00333741 set up real physical infrastructure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01564-00333742-00334041 close to them you know in in a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01565-00334042-00334167 datacenter it was actually I found this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01566-00334168-00334386 quite touching the other day I was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01567-00334387-00334584 talking to Zaki you know Zaki travels
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01568-00334585-00334935 quite a bit and he was you know he said
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01569-00334936-00335064 something about like where home is like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01570-00335065-00335205 when are you gonna go home he's like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01571-00335206-00335358 where's home he was like Oh home is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01572-00335359-00335550 where the validator is right I thought
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01573-00335551-00335777 that was a that was kind of really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01574-00335778-00336006 really interesting take on the meaning
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01575-00336007-00336162 and importance of validators in the long
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01576-00336163-00336327 term it's like seeds of the physical
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01577-00336328-00336459 infrastructure the physical Internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01578-00336460-00336645 infrastructure for these new kinds of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01579-00336646-00336927 digitally cooperative communities and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01580-00336928-00337065 you know maybe that's not a satisfying
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01581-00337066-00337212 answer about what the role of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01582-00337213-00337398 validator is in the short term but at
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01583-00337399-00337539 least you know that's what I'm kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01584-00337540-00337659 hoping for in the long term that there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01585-00337660-00337857 is start to seed physical infrastructure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01586-00337858-00338073 in local communities in that you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01587-00338074-00338256 this vision for you know sovereign
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01588-00338257-00338415 independent blockchains that are all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01589-00338416-00338712 kind of interoperating kind of takes a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01590-00338713-00338889 to a significant extent like a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01591-00338890-00339138 geographical orientation so that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01592-00339139-00339354 know certain zones actually are based
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01593-00339355-00339582 locally geographically and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01594-00339583-00339711 traditionally that's how that's how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01595-00339712-00339906 charting is done on the traditional
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01596-00339907-00340131 internet right with you know the huge
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01597-00340132-00340335 volumes of google or whatever get cached
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01598-00340336-00340500 in local data centers to serve those
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01599-00340501-00340713 populations more efficiently than having
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01600-00340714-00340857 to always go to California to get the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01601-00340858-00341091 data and so I'm hoping that that we can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01602-00341092-00341280 you know reset the internet
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01603-00341281-00341442 infrastructure on top of that kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01604-00341443-00341700 thing with validators now in the short
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01605-00341701-00341859 term was the role of the validator you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01606-00341860-00341949 know it's very different so obviously
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01607-00341950-00342294 primarily to operate the network and to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01608-00342295-00342447 host it and to start to offer services
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01609-00342448-00342603 around it and to attract delegate errs
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01610-00342604-00342792 and you know upgraded make it actually
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01611-00342793-00342921 useful for a larger number of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01612-00342922-00343104 stakeholders but I think to ask about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01613-00343105-00343263 the role of the validate you know just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01614-00343264-00343494 the validators on the Kosmos hub you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01615-00343495-00343526 know kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01616-00343527-00343664 this is the point of the larger vision
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01617-00343665-00343823 of the cosmos Network and the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01618-00343824-00344037 interchain of you know the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01619-00344038-00344187 validators are really part and parcel
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01620-00344188-00344306 they're like the stakeholders of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01621-00344307-00344465 independent communities that we expect
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01622-00344466-00344618 to run the many millions of block chains
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01623-00344619-00344807 and so you know part of that is gonna be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01624-00344808-00344939 educational how are these communities
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01625-00344940-00345080 actually gonna have the technical
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01626-00345081-00345237 expertise to actually do this in a way
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01627-00345238-00345350 that just doesn't you know it doesn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01628-00345351-00345489 just offload everything to some other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01629-00345490-00345704 you know tech provider and I think those
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01630-00345705-00345899 are interesting questions and challenges
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01631-00345900-00346169 for us to address over the coming years
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01632-00346170-00346472 decades so one of the interesting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01633-00346473-00346745 questions around validators and that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01634-00346746-00346940 also already come up in the you know two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01635-00346941-00347088 and a half weeks that it's running is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01636-00347089-00347378 around you know the decentralization and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01637-00347379-00347627 of course we do have let's say for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01638-00347628-00347792 example poly chain where there's like a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01639-00347793-00347939 huge so there are some of these funds
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01640-00347940-00348170 with like massive positions there's an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01641-00348171-00348332 expectation that like he changed his
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01642-00348333-00348530 gonna come in and you know in in some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01643-00348531-00348821 other systems they've also like in a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01644-00348822-00348987 also example I think they've accumulated
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01645-00348988-00349298 massive power coinbase custody years and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01646-00349299-00349427 I you know they're going to launch about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01647-00349428-00349652 it as soon so how how would you first of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01648-00349653-00349883 all think about like what's the role of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01649-00349884-00350126 decentralization the cosmos hub is there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01650-00350127-00350564 some kind of metric to measure it and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01651-00350565-00350854 yeah how do you see this playing out
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01652-00350855-00351371 good tough question I don't know you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01653-00351372-00351578 know very early on in the development of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01654-00351579-00351704 tenorman I think at least a couple
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01655-00351705-00351864 researchers were driven to the brink of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01656-00351865-00352055 insanity by virtue of the fact that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01657-00352056-00352142 know tender mint
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01658-00352143-00352358 under the you know formal analysis
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01659-00352359-00352547 collapses to just two dudes right one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01660-00352548-00352772 with 99% of mistake and one with 1% of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01661-00352773-00353039 the state and I have I have seen Minds
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01662-00353040-00353219 in the throes of this kind of analysis
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01663-00353220-00353408 and it's it's I don't encourage you to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01664-00353409-00353564 go there uh-huh
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01665-00353565-00353909 but yeah I mean it's a hard question I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01666-00353910-00354114 don't know the answer I mean hopefully
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01667-00354115-00354290 the the community of stakeholders and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01668-00354291-00354588 you know atom holders will will cherish
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01669-00354589-00354845 and value decentralization and if they
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01670-00354846-00355004 don't I suspect that there will be some
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01671-00355005-00355175 that do and ultimately you know create
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01672-00355176-00355373 Forks there are alternative global hubs
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01673-00355374-00355540 where things are a bit more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01674-00355541-00355751 decentralized now there probably are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01675-00355752-00355938 things that can be done in protocol I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01676-00355939-00356238 think you know these are difficult it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01677-00356239-00356384 a lot of discussion around them about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01678-00356385-00356501 what you can do there to really to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01679-00356502-00356720 really push for it you're always at risk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01680-00356721-00356829 of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01681-00356830-00357170 to some extent maybe you know it's been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01682-00357171-00357393 underestimated the cost of having like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01683-00357394-00357747 independent validator IDs and so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01684-00357748-00357936 know we could you could propose things
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01685-00357937-00358119 like a cap on how much could be bonded
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01686-00358120-00358278 for a particular validator and that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01687-00358279-00358452 would force people with large positions
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01688-00358453-00358566 to split their validator up into
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01689-00358567-00358680 multiple keys and if they're being
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01690-00358681-00358818 public with both and they're publicly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01691-00358819-00359169 you know civil in some sense so I don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01692-00359170-00359379 you know so so I think things like that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01693-00359380-00359613 could be experimented with I don't know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01694-00359614-00359784 you know I'm certainly not gonna
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01695-00359785-00359958 necessarily vouch for any any one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01696-00359959-00360171 solution or the other I'm interested in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01697-00360172-00360357 seeing kind of what the will of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01698-00360358-00360528 stakeholders really is and the people
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01699-00360529-00360744 that have atoms and distributed we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01700-00360745-00360855 certainly won't know what it's gonna
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01701-00360856-00360999 look like until transfers are enabled
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01702-00361000-00361218 and you know much larger group of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01703-00361219-00361374 interested parties can kind of get
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01704-00361375-00361680 involved in this but it's definitely a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01705-00361681-00361800 threat and it's definitely a little
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01706-00361801-00361938 risky but I will say I will say this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01707-00361939-00362142 which is the difference between a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01708-00362143-00362415 service hosted by a single entity and a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01709-00362416-00362801 service hosted by four or seven you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01710-00362802-00363063 11 whatever it is even a small number is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01711-00363064-00363300 very significant and very different than
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01712-00363301-00363447 what we've ever had before right and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01713-00363448-00363642 even just this moderate amount of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01714-00363643-00363861 decentralization in the short term over
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01715-00363862-00364029 some number of entities especially if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01716-00364030-00364197 they're geographically distributed in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01717-00364198-00364455 different jurisdictions I think is very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01718-00364456-00364602 significant and we shouldn't we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01719-00364603-00364848 shouldn't underestimate the value of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01720-00364849-00364968 even that small level of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01721-00364969-00365094 decentralization of course hopefully
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01722-00365095-00365334 we'll push for much much more of it over
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01723-00365335-00365541 the long term but it's already extremely
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01724-00365542-00365760 experimental and quite unprecedented and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01725-00365761-00365970 so you know I would take some amount of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01726-00365971-00366294 pride in in that initially one solution
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01727-00366295-00366519 that I will vouch for is us you know for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01728-00366520-00366747 how to help push more decentralization
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01729-00366748-00366966 is this one that Dan Robinson and I and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01730-00366967-00367107 batalik have been talking about for a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01731-00367108-00367269 while a bunch of other people as well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01732-00367270-00367515 called partial slashing which is the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01733-00367516-00367773 idea that a the larger a validator is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01734-00367774-00368010 that faults the more they get slashed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01735-00368011-00368343 and then you also take into account
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01736-00368344-00368493 there's the MEC there's ways you can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01737-00368494-00368715 design it such that like even if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01738-00368716-00368928 validator tries to split into many
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01739-00368929-00369204 smaller validators and they all double
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01740-00369205-00369456 sign or fault together they get like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01741-00369457-00369723 slashed even more than if they didn't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01742-00369724-00369939 split and so you can design incentives
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01743-00369940-00370146 where it's like encourages validators
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01744-00370147-00370197 like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01745-00370198-00370398 from an economically rational standpoint
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01746-00370399-00370535 you're helped decentralize the network
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01747-00370536-00370740 and not put everything under you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01748-00370741-00371079 into centralized systems so going
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01749-00371080-00371298 further on this topic this is something
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01750-00371299-00371637 that's come up recently and something
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01751-00371638-00371799 that we felt it would be a good good to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01752-00371800-00372105 address specifically because because you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01753-00372106-00372434 know we're talking to you Sonny is you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01754-00372435-00372690 know this position of adopting low
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01755-00372691-00372888 commissions as a validator so your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01756-00372889-00373326 validator has adopted this policy of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01757-00373327-00373527 zero percent commission and there's been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01758-00373528-00373784 some amount of uproar on social media
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01759-00373785-00374091 and on reddit in fact we you know posted
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01760-00374092-00374459 a reddit post before this episode asking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01761-00374460-00374660 people to ask questions I think two or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01762-00374661-00374865 three of those were you know around this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01763-00374866-00375276 topic and so in in in a sort of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01764-00375277-00375687 capitalistic paradigm one would think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01765-00375688-00375903 that everybody would tries to bring
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01766-00375904-00376191 their fees as low as possible and and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01767-00376192-00376479 then the the bigger ballot is ones with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01768-00376480-00376746 the most economic means could good to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01769-00376747-00376995 out competition the rest of the market
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01770-00376996-00377298 or out-compete the rest of the market to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01771-00377299-00377619 to effectively you know lead us to a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01772-00377620-00377732 situation where potentially there's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01773-00377733-00377895 lot less decentralization and maybe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01774-00377896-00378225 there is just one or two validators now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01775-00378226-00378506 of course as as a decentralized system
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01776-00378507-00378729 we want to encourage you know I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01777-00378730-00378978 people and valador specifically not to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01778-00378979-00379184 adopt this sort of this sort of policy
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01779-00379185-00379355 or this sort of like you know zero
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01780-00379356-00379689 percent commission so how do you how do
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01781-00379690-00379905 you respond to that and like why did you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01782-00379906-00380028 do this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01783-00380029-00380355 and what's the reasoning behind it and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01784-00380356-00380541 you know how do you address that in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01785-00380542-00380799 context of decentralization and also as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01786-00380800-00381171 at Endermen employee I feel that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01787-00381172-00381513 have particularly a vested interest in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01788-00381514-00381717 tenorman succeeding so how do you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01789-00381718-00381978 respond to all this second yeah so Sikka
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01790-00381979-00382149 we is is the name of the validator
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01791-00382150-00382389 that's run by myself and Dave Oh Joe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01792-00382390-00382755 who's another tenement employee we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01793-00382756-00383046 basically decided to start with 0%
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01794-00383047-00383472 Commission and for the short term right
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01795-00383473-00383583 like so when we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01796-00383584-00383724 when we announced it we said we're doing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01797-00383725-00384072 0% Commission for at least one month and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01798-00384073-00384342 our goal was to help you know I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01799-00384343-00384528 what we saw a lot of commission rates
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01800-00384529-00384723 that a lot of the validator set was too
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01801-00384724-00384978 high and I don't think it needs to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01802-00384979-00385119 that high like we saw some valid it is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01803-00385120-00385491 up at 15% while I agree 0% is too low
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01804-00385492-00385788 and so the idea was we you know we want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01805-00385789-00385995 to you know both sides to start moving
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01806-00385996-00386160 towards each other so we meet somewhere
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01807-00386161-00386349 in the middle and so I think sick has
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01808-00386350-00386523 been doing this very well where by
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01809-00386524-00386700 fourth using this zero percent we've
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01810-00386701-00386916 already forced a number of validators to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01811-00386917-00387057 reduce their Commission very few
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01812-00387058-00387186 validators have reduced it to zero
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01813-00387187-00387366 percent which was never our intention
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01814-00387367-00387516 our intention was just to force people
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01815-00387517-00387756 to reduce it downwards and towards
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01816-00387757-00387921 something that we see is more reasonable
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01817-00387922-00388092 and I don't know what the number we see
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01818-00388093-00388272 as reasonable is yet like you know I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01819-00388273-00388452 don't think it should be too much higher
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01820-00388453-00388758 than 5% in my opinion but you know that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01821-00388759-00388872 was kind of the goal there and we'll
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01822-00388873-00389040 start to increase our validator our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01823-00389041-00389286 commission rate there and then two other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01824-00389287-00389436 things that are kind of relevant here is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01825-00389437-00389748 why are we able to do this 0% commission
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01826-00389749-00389916 a lot of people have been criticizing us
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01827-00389917-00390150 that we're like price gouging or like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01828-00390151-00390405 you know we have access to st. in mind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01829-00390406-00390624 so like DC Capital or something like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01830-00390625-00390804 that's how we're doing we have like zero
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01831-00390805-00391083 VC funding or anything literally what we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01832-00391084-00391509 have is our validator is running out of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01833-00391510-00391722 the UC Berkeley Data Center which you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01834-00391723-00391944 know through dongseong who works on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01835-00391945-00392163 Oasis Lab she was my advisor at UC
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01836-00392164-00392487 Berkeley and so she got us into the UC
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01837-00392488-00392688 Berkeley Data Center and we're running
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01838-00392689-00392853 our validator out of that which is why
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01839-00392854-00393129 we're able to run our highly secure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01840-00393130-00393474 validator for very low cost and you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01841-00393475-00393696 I I fundamentally don't see this as any
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01842-00393697-00393906 different than the miners who decide to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01843-00393907-00394146 mine out of Iceland using their free 2
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01844-00394147-00394332 or thermal electricity right you're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01845-00394333-00394470 gonna have to expect that the validation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01846-00394471-00394716 market will become like competitive and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01847-00394717-00394878 people who can find the most efficient
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01848-00394879-00395175 ways of like extracting resources will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01849-00395176-00395379 succeed there and finally the last thing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01850-00395380-00395523 is you know we're also taking a much
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01851-00395524-00395694 more longer-term view of the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01852-00395695-00395940 network where the cosmos hub is not the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01853-00395941-00396192 only chain in the system we're charging
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01854-00396193-00396399 zero percent on the cosmos hub to earn
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01855-00396400-00396672 delegation and reputation and like you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01856-00396673-00396898 know some name name branding
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01857-00396899-00397162 and then you know within this or next
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01858-00397163-00397285 week we're gonna start running a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01859-00397286-00397477 validator for the iris hub and we're not
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01860-00397478-00397645 gonna be charging 0% commission there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01861-00397646-00397819 we're gonna be charging a commission
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01862-00397820-00398017 rate there a non zero Commission rate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01863-00398018-00398212 there and we're gonna hopefully use our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01864-00398213-00398365 brand that we've been building as like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01865-00398366-00398605 competent high functioning Valadez on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01866-00398606-00398821 the cosmos up to earn more delegation on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01867-00398822-00399223 the iris hub yeah so I mean this is a I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01868-00399224-00399438 think very interesting discussion and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01869-00399439-00399772 obviously I have been involved in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01870-00399773-00399949 discussion quite a bit I personally find
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01871-00399950-00400120 the argument super questionable that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01872-00400121-00400375 you're making like fix up well if we if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01873-00400376-00400543 you look at some math here let's say the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01874-00400544-00400846 cosmos the atom market cap is a billion
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01875-00400847-00401029 which is a lot right for the stage of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01876-00401030-00401194 the project but you know maybe it will
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01877-00401195-00401449 be there if you have five percent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01878-00401450-00401638 commission across all well there's it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01879-00401639-00401929 means five million revenues across all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01880-00401930-00402127 of the validators for paying different
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01881-00402128-00402292 the entire infrastructures if you have a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01882-00402293-00402457 hundred validators that's on average
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01883-00402458-00402721 fifty thousand dollars per violator it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01884-00402722-00402991 not even one job right like not speaking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01885-00402992-00403207 of running infrastructure and then if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01886-00403208-00403366 you have like five percent be fifty
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01887-00403367-00403696 million not five million no five percent
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01888-00403697-00403957 of a billion is fifty million now but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01889-00403958-00404125 yeah you have a billion right and then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01890-00404126-00404263 you have like let's say roughly ten
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01891-00404264-00404440 percent inflation per year would be one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01892-00404441-00404599 hundred million revenues paid to all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01893-00404600-00404773 delegator five percent commission would
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01894-00404774-00404980 be five million split across a hundred
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01895-00404981-00405184 router there would be fifty thousand now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01896-00405185-00405328 of course you don't have a uniform
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01897-00405329-00405538 distribution of the stake right
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01898-00405539-00405853 so it basically would mean that like you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01899-00405854-00406120 would not be able to have more than five
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01900-00406121-00406477 ten validators that maybe could be like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01901-00406478-00406783 financially sustainable so I think it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01902-00406784-00407119 now from your guys perspective I can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01903-00407120-00407299 totally see the argument I think it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01904-00407300-00407524 sort of economically rational but I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01905-00407525-00407709 think it's extremely negative for the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01906-00407710-00407890 for the cosmos ecosystem and I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01907-00407891-00408037 personally think and now this is a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01908-00408038-00408208 little bit strange because I'm also the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01909-00408209-00408459 interview here no I think is totally
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01910-00408460-00408678 irresponsible to do it especially
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01911-00408679-00409012 getting like paid by all in bits at the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01912-00409013-00409240 same time as a salary and then doing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01913-00409241-00409456 this by competing for everyone building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01914-00409457-00409855 network I mean so mess up hmm okay I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01915-00409856-00410170 think that you know like I said
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01916-00410171-00410427 I have no intention of keeping it at 0%
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01917-00410428-00410839 and also that's before messed up - Stu -
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01918-00410839-00411097 its 0 % I'll tell anybody and then later
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01919-00411097-00411481 like hike up the price I mean they told
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01920-00411482-00411637 people that it was just gonna be a month
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01921-00411638-00411868 right yeah and I told people that if I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01922-00411868-00412039 whenever we raise the prices we were
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01923-00412039-00412300 gonna give at least one bun bonding
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01924-00412301-00412630 periods worth of notice so the people
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01925-00412631-00412831 have three weeks and if they don't like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01926-00412832-00413062 our announced pricing commission rate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01927-00413063-00413200 increase they can instantly read Ella
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01928-00413201-00413437 gate a way and be out of us completely
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01929-00413438-00413626 100 percent before we ever increase our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01930-00413627-00413938 prices and then also using the numbers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01931-00413939-00414121 you said like this is like taking a very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01932-00414122-00414370 short term view of the network keep in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01933-00414371-00414400 mind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01934-00414401-00414622 Adam inflation is not even meant to be a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01935-00414622-00414864 reward for the validators it really was
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01936-00414866-00415027 designed to be a system just to punish
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01937-00415028-00415300 people for not staking the real long
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01938-00415301-00415495 term reward in the cosmos hub system
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01939-00415496-00415720 he's gonna be the fees that you earn
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01940-00415721-00415968 from the system and yes I understand
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01941-00415970-00416167 that right now there aren't and the fees
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01942-00416168-00416371 are essentially negligible because this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01943-00416372-00416581 system is brand-new but like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01944-00416582-00416725 people were doing this in the early days
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01945-00416726-00416947 of Bitcoin people were mining off of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01946-00416947-00417205 faith that like these things will one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01947-00417206-00417372 day be valuable and this is kind of what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01948-00417374-00417538 we're asking the validators to do as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01949-00417539-00417739 well have some faith in the system and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01950-00417739-00417955 believe that like you know at some point
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01951-00417956-00418222 the usage of the system the fees will be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01952-00418222-00418549 enough to like pay pay for their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01953-00418550-00418807 services that you guys are providing
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01954-00418808-00418991 okay well I think this is a discussion
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01955-00418992-00419132 that you know it's probably best
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01956-00419133-00419342 continued in some other context as well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01957-00419343-00419663 but so let's let's move it so you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01958-00419664-00419789 we're running pretty late already but
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01959-00419789-00419947 let's move briefly to the you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01960-00419949-00420385 cosmos SDK and IBC especially cosmos SDK
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01961-00420387-00420563 which you know I think is you know it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01962-00420564-00420902 a key part of the cosmos project into
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01963-00420903-00421079 kind of the value proposition so Bucky
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01964-00421080-00421189 do you mind like running through like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01965-00421191-00421508 what's the division of cosmos SDK into
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01966-00421509-00421901 utility a bit sure I think maybe to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01967-00421902-00422102 really understand that you know from a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01968-00422103-00422243 from a lower level if you already
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01969-00422243-00422384 familiar where tenorman it helps just
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01970-00422385-00422558 talk briefly about the tenorman a VCI
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01971-00422559-00422843 so your tenorman was designed in such a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01972-00422843-00423080 way to abstract the state machine from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01973-00423081-00423224 the replication engine so when we talk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01974-00423225-00423407 about blockchains as replicated state
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01975-00423408-00423578 machines you know state machine you have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01976-00423579-00423725 the replication piece which is all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01977-00423726-00423863 you know the peer-to-peer that consensus
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01978-00423864-00424163 etc and so what we did was we invented
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01979-00424164-00424307 this interface that we call the ABC I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01980-00424308-00424451 the application block to an interface
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01981-00424452-00424685 that abstract away all the concerns of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01982-00424685-00424876 the state machine from the underlying
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01983-00424877-00425087 replication engine and that enables you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01984-00425088-00425237 to build your state machine in any
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01985-00425238-00425438 programming language you want to use
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01986-00425439-00425720 existing code you know to architect it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01987-00425721-00425864 however you like it runs in a separate
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01988-00425864-00426002 process on the same machine on a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01989-00426003-00426143 different machine kind of doesn't matter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01990-00426143-00426275 so there's you know tremendous
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01991-00426276-00426385 flexibility there and I think that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01992-00426387-00426581 been part of why tenorman core the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01993-00426582-00426767 software has been so you know so widely
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01994-00426768-00427072 adopted but when you're building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01995-00427074-00427271 directly over a BCI it's a it's quite a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01996-00427272-00427472 low-level interface right and so there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01997-00427472-00427613 are a lot of concerns that you have to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01998-00427614-00427784 kind of keep in mind and take care of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-01999-00427785-00427937 things like concern concurrency and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02000-00427938-00428156 state management and you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02001-00428157-00428360 structure of your modules and and all
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02002-00428360-00428555 this stuff and what we realized is we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02003-00428556-00428743 had built a few different applications
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02004-00428745-00428978 and go to kind of test this out that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02005-00428979-00429092 there were a lot of common elements
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02006-00429093-00429235 there that all these application chaired
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02007-00429237-00429431 and to what we did was we we created
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02008-00429432-00429584 another layer another layer of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02009-00429585-00429866 abstraction to really you know simplify
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02010-00429867-00430070 all those concerns so that you could now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02011-00430071-00430439 build you know more directly just the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02012-00430439-00430577 the key pieces of your state machine
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02013-00430578-00430700 without having to think about any of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02014-00430701-00430918 this a BCI stuff right and so the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02015-00430920-00431141 SDK was really designed as as a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02016-00431142-00431357 framework for building applications in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02017-00431358-00431597 go on top at Endermen right so for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02018-00431597-00431710 building state machines on top of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02019-00431712-00432008 tenorman and the way it's structured it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02020-00432009-00432129 kind of comes in these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02021-00432130-00432295 right and so the lowest layer is called
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02022-00432296-00432529 base app is a very it's really a thin
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02023-00432530-00432916 wrapper around the ABC I that gives you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02024-00432917-00433272 this kind of you know very flexible
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02025-00433273-00433456 approach to how you should think about
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02026-00433457-00433627 the state that you're storing in your
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02027-00433628-00433885 state machine and you know how
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02028-00433885-00434050 transactions are gonna are gonna access
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02029-00434051-00434200 that state or manipulate that state and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02030-00434201-00434347 this is where the you know the key
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02031-00434347-00434595 design principles of the Kosmos sdk of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02032-00434596-00434889 object based capability security come in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02033-00434890-00435085 where you know you the idea is that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02034-00435085-00435231 things are only gonna get access to the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02035-00435232-00435451 store if they're given you know an
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02036-00435452-00435639 explicit capability that enables them to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02037-00435640-00435904 access the store and so kind of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02038-00435905-00436054 whole model of the base app is designed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02039-00436055-00436266 like that but the base app is still
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02040-00436267-00436552 flexible enough that you can you know it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02041-00436553-00436729 doesn't force a particular serialization
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02042-00436730-00436870 algorithm it doesn't force a particular
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02043-00436871-00437083 Merkle tree doesn't force you know any
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02044-00437084-00437239 notion of coins or anything like this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02045-00437239-00437445 it's very very general-purpose building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02046-00437446-00437641 a state machine on top of the ABC I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02047-00437642-00437868 using this object capabilities based
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02048-00437869-00438156 approach to accessing your state right
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02049-00438157-00438412 and then from there there's this next
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02050-00438413-00438720 layer which is you know the the actual
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02051-00438721-00438897 what a lot of people know what the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02052-00438898-00439045 Kosmos sdk which are all the kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02053-00439046-00439324 pieces of like the coins and the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02054-00439325-00439512 anti-hand learned this particular way of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02055-00439513-00439756 structuring transactions and having you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02056-00439757-00439881 know certain kinds of signatures and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02057-00439882-00440083 nonce is a fee collection and all this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02058-00440084-00440493 kind of stuff which you know the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02059-00440494-00440679 hog was ultimately built on right and a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02060-00440680-00440793 lot of other things that you know maybe
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02061-00440794-00440910 they won't look the same as the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02062-00440911-00441045 hub but they'll still use a lot of this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02063-00441046-00441279 same structure for what transactions are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02064-00441280-00441408 like and how they're serialized and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02065-00441409-00441706 on but that ends of it so that's that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02066-00441707-00441901 kind of a lot of the pieces that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02067-00441902-00442137 would need to actually build you know a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02068-00442138-00442252 cryptocurrency or a cryptocurrency
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02069-00442253-00442462 system and then on top of that then
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02070-00442463-00442560 there's the next layer which are the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02071-00442561-00442783 actual the modules right and that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02072-00442784-00443058 where all the really custom logic for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02073-00443059-00443239 executing your transaction comes in so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02074-00443239-00443406 after you've done you know all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02075-00443407-00443572 authentication stuff to make sure you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02076-00443572-00443674 know people have enough to pay their
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02077-00443675-00443787 balance and they sign their signatures
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02078-00443788-00443941 and so on then you want to actually get
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02079-00443942-00444112 into the meat of your application logic
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02080-00444113-00444264 and that's where the modules come in and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02081-00444265-00444454 so you know for the Kosmos hub there's a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02082-00444455-00444643 certain set of modules that are you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02083-00444643-00444835 that define the governance of the Kosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02084-00444835-00444964 hub and the proof of stake and the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02085-00444964-00445143 slashing the fee distribution and so on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02086-00445144-00445410 but if you're building another
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02087-00445410-00445545 a different kind of application you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02088-00445546-00445710 could choose a different set of modules
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02089-00445710-00445884 so you can still inherit you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02090-00445885-00446039 everything underneath so the same kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02091-00446041-00446193 of transaction format and all this kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02092-00446193-00446334 of stuff but you can start to define
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02093-00446335-00446595 more specifically you know the message
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02094-00446596-00446856 is the message structure and the kinds
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02095-00446857-00446993 of state transitions that are involved
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02096-00446995-00447216 in your app in your application and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02097-00447217-00447375 on and to the extent you want to use the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02098-00447376-00447560 same governance or the same group of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02099-00447562-00447792 state module you can to the extent you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02100-00447793-00447957 want to change those you know you can as
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02101-00447958-00448155 well so again the SDK is really this
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02102-00448156-00448343 kind of general framework for building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02103-00448343-00448587 cryptocurrency style state machines on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02104-00448588-00448728 top a tender mint where there are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02105-00448729-00448922 multiple layers at which you could enter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02106-00448924-00449145 depending on kind of what you want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02107-00449146-00449304 inherit and how much flexibility you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02108-00449305-00449660 want to retain cool now one question
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02109-00449662-00449832 that people often have is you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02110-00449833-00450147 the difference between substrate which
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02111-00450147-00450347 is a kind of similar framework developed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02112-00450349-00450618 by the parody team and cosmos SDK what
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02113-00450618-00450843 do you think they look at the main the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02114-00450843-00451049 main differences here
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02115-00451050-00451256 I haven't gotten too much time to play
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02116-00451257-00451414 around substrate yet I've poked around
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02117-00451416-00451712 it a little bit and you know it seemed
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02118-00451713-00451913 that you know a lot of the design ideas
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02119-00451914-00452174 are actually generally very similar like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02120-00452175-00452381 they're using a similar idea of modules
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02121-00452382-00452660 and like different transaction types and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02122-00452660-00452846 stuff and really at the end of the day I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02123-00452847-00453005 think it's really just gonna come down
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02124-00453006-00453224 to people's preferences for programming
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02125-00453225-00453581 language where substrate is written in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02126-00453582-00453725 rust and you know if you want to build
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02127-00453726-00453845 your state machine you have to do it in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02128-00453846-00454118 Russ well the cosmas sdk is in golang
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02129-00454118-00454313 and you know we have another framework
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02130-00454314-00454613 that was also built by some engineers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02131-00454614-00454820 who used to be at all in bits and now
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02132-00454821-00454972 have spun off into their own company
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02133-00454974-00455216 called anomic called lotion j/s which is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02134-00455217-00455447 a javascript javascript based sdk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02135-00455447-00455645 essentially and so essentially you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02136-00455646-00455831 the idea is that we want this like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02137-00455832-00456221 diversity in in in frameworks in fact
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02138-00456222-00456326 there's actually no the fourth one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02139-00456327-00456689 called weave which is a Bucky mentioned
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02140-00456689-00456902 like a while back ago that like you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02141-00456903-00457187 we had an old version of SDK v1 and we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02142-00457188-00457339 kind of scrapped it and started with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02143-00457341-00457597 writing SDK v2 well one of our ex
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02144-00457599-00457775 engineers actually really really liked
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02145-00457776-00458006 SDK v1 and he actually kind of went
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02146-00458007-00458171 ahead and kept maintaining it and kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02147-00458172-00458393 of turned it into its own standalone SDK
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02148-00458393-00458647 called weave now and so you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02149-00458649-00458858 idea is that we want all these different
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02150-00458859-00459125 frameworks in the cosmos ecosystem
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02151-00459126-00459425 whether it's the cosmos SDK weave lotion
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02152-00459426-00459692 substrate and give developers the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02153-00459693-00459950 opportunity to like use whichever one
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02154-00459951-00460178 they feel most comfortable with and it's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02155-00460179-00460307 really gonna mostly come down in my
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02156-00460308-00460493 opinion to the programming language I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02157-00460493-00460643 think that you know in my personal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02158-00460643-00460871 opinion I think rust is a little bit too
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02159-00460872-00460946 esoteric
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02160-00460947-00461314 for most developers while javascript is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02161-00461316-00461539 maybe a little bit too loose and I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02162-00461541-00461714 go hits this like nice little middle
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02163-00461714-00461933 balance between like you know security
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02164-00461934-00462092 especially with our object capability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02165-00462093-00462341 system that we design along with ease of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02166-00462342-00462620 use and ease of access to developers
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02167-00462621-00462785 like you know I learned go in like two
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02168-00462785-00463031 days it's it's really easy programming
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02169-00463032-00463205 language to pick up as if you have like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02170-00463206-00463510 basic programming experience and so and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02171-00463512-00463706 you know the real goal would be is we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02172-00463707-00463934 want to implement IBC in all of these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02173-00463935-00464084 different frameworks so right now we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02174-00464085-00464197 working on it in SD
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02175-00464199-00464377 but you know we're gonna have it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02176-00464378-00464555 implementations in all of these
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02177-00464556-00464918 different frameworks yeah so that that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02178-00464918-00465104 does bring us to the next topic that you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02179-00465105-00465308 know maybe you can briefly cover I know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02180-00465309-00465500 it's in its very beginning but Bucky I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02181-00465501-00465695 know there's some work starting around
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02182-00465696-00465947 IBC so what's you know what's the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02183-00465947-00466346 current status on IBC and like what does
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02184-00466347-00466697 IBC roadmap look like so I mean there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02185-00466697-00466949 have been past specifications of IBC and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02186-00466950-00467135 past kind of prototype implementations
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02187-00467135-00467312 that were running on test nets and and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02188-00467313-00467546 so on what's happening now is we're kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02189-00467547-00467672 of taking a step back from all of that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02190-00467672-00467903 and trying to really split the IBC spec
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02191-00467904-00468224 apart into all of its constituent pieces
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02192-00468225-00468488 and really for each piece define you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02193-00468489-00468635 know what it is what are the properties
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02194-00468635-00468866 at this layer you know what are the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02195-00468867-00469091 requirements to satisfy you know the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02196-00469092-00469355 these particular needs and so on and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02197-00469356-00469505 you can follow all this work in the in a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02198-00469506-00469709 github repository it's github.com slash
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02199-00469710-00469976 cosmos slash ICS that stands for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02200-00469977-00470177 interchange standards so cosmos slash
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02201-00470178-00470399 ICS and you'll see there you know a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02202-00470400-00470588 large number of issues they're each
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02203-00470589-00470756 numbered like ICS number three number
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02204-00470757-00470942 four etc and each of these kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02205-00470943-00471152 corresponds to a different component of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02206-00471153-00471578 the IBC layered stack right and and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02207-00471579-00471770 so activity there is really starting to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02208-00471771-00472103 ramp up we're also hosting bi-weekly
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02209-00472104-00472292 meeting with luck with a larger group of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02210-00472293-00472397 members from the community who are
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02211-00472397-00472667 interested in participating in the IBC
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02212-00472668-00472847 discussion what we really like to ensure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02213-00472847-00473042 is that you know IBC is defined in a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02214-00473043-00473342 very general purpose way and has a you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02215-00473343-00473489 know a specification that really focuses
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02216-00473489-00473714 on you know some of the key data types
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02217-00473714-00473872 but also kind of the properties and the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02218-00473874-00474134 requirements of the protocol so that it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02219-00474135-00474314 becomes very easy to implement it in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02220-00474314-00474449 many different languages and we have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02221-00474450-00474635 intention at least you know right out of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02222-00474635-00474830 the bat to implement it in three
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02223-00474831-00475025 different languages and go and rust in a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02224-00475026-00475157 Java Script and to have those
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02225-00475158-00475403 implementations actually pursued by by
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02226-00475404-00475646 three distinct teams and so we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02227-00475647-00475781 working you know both the interchange
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02228-00475782-00475943 foundation you know working on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02229-00475943-00476150 implementation and rust all the bids is
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02230-00476151-00476405 working on one and go you know we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02231-00476406-00476600 trying to work with the goreck team on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02232-00476601-00476762 one JavaScript and also the nomic team
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02233-00476763-00476947 who has pieces of it already in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02234-00476949-00477203 JavaScript and so you know we're really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02235-00477204-00477383 trying to make it make sure that we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02236-00477384-00477563 don't say overfit
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02237-00477564-00477752 the design of IBC to a particular state
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02238-00477753-00477920 machine or to you know particular needs
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02239-00477921-00478142 and that it really stays generic enough
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02240-00478143-00478364 to suit the needs of a large number of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02241-00478364-00478535 stakeholders who are looking to have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02242-00478535-00478685 their state machines interoperate you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02243-00478685-00478871 know in this larger cosmos interchain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02244-00478872-00479099 vision and so if people want to follow
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02245-00479100-00479441 that again github.com / cosmos / ICS if
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02246-00479442-00479630 you're interested in the bi-weekly call
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02247-00479631-00479918 I actually don't know the best way to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02248-00479918-00480131 find it but it is all you should be able
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02249-00480132-00480251 to find it from the repo it should be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02250-00480252-00480470 able to join publicly and so that that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02251-00480471-00480674 moving along and hopefully you know we
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02252-00480675-00480916 hope to have MVP at least of this back
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02253-00480917-00481301 you know in the next few weeks of course
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02254-00481302-00481435 I'm gonna start making estimates so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02255-00481437-00481553 shouldn't listen to my estimates because
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02256-00481554-00481789 they're almost certainly wrong but you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02257-00481791-00481970 know hopefully IBC will be in a place
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02258-00481971-00482105 where we can actually ship something to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02259-00482106-00482443 the cosmos hub you know this year you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02260-00482445-00482633 know beyond that more more refined
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02261-00482634-00482771 timelines are really hard to give
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02262-00482772-00482939 obviously we want it as soon as possible
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02263-00482939-00483059 because that's you know really what's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02264-00483060-00483221 necessary to realize the cosmos vision
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02265-00483222-00483385 but we want to do it right you want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02266-00483387-00483617 make sure the specification is written
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02267-00483618-00483779 you know quite formally and it's very
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02268-00483780-00484001 clear and is amenable to implementation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02269-00484002-00484358 in multiple languages so why should
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02270-00484359-00484664 someone choose to build their dab or
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02271-00484664-00484916 their application on cosmos rather than
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02272-00484917-00485267 aetherium well potentially a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02273-00485268-00485570 reasons so if you want direct
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02274-00485571-00485720 interoperability with the rest of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02275-00485721-00485885 etherium ecosystem then obviously you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02276-00485885-00486128 should build on ethereal if you want to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02277-00486129-00486332 subject yourself to immense development
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02278-00486333-00486622 pain in you know using solidity and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02279-00486624-00486814 debugging your solidity contracts and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02280-00486816-00487147 on you should develop on ethereal if you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02281-00487149-00487318 want to subject yourself to the whims of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02282-00487320-00487487 the etherium governance and to you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02283-00487488-00487685 if you're in speed system and mechanism
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02284-00487685-00487907 and and you know proof-of-work mining
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02285-00487908-00488009 and all this stuff then you should
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02286-00488010-00488287 develop on a theory if you want kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02287-00488288-00488531 independent sovereignty and if you want
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02288-00488532-00488834 to use a mature programming language
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02289-00488835-00488945 that you've been building in for a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02290-00488946-00489160 decade and has matured debugging tools
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02291-00489162-00489392 and testing it and all this stuff
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02292-00489393-00489652 then cosmoses is probably right for you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02293-00489653-00489854 so you mentioned the interests and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02294-00489855-00490082 foundation and so this is the foundation
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02295-00490083-00490430 that led the fundraiser do you talk
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02296-00490431-00490631 about the role of the foundation moving
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02297-00490632-00490892 forward with regards the cosmos and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02298-00490893-00491171 and like all these different projects
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02299-00491172-00491395 and organizations gravitating around
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02300-00491396-00491813 cosmos yeah so you know the the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02301-00491814-00492155 foundation was set up in early 2017 it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02302-00492156-00492332 did this fundraiser it has been the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02303-00492333-00492638 primary source of funds for you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02304-00492639-00492827 many of the folks kind of involved in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02305-00492828-00493145 developing you know key elements of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02306-00493146-00493307 cosmos hub and pieces of the cosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02307-00493308-00493601 network I think now that a number of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02308-00493602-00493739 organizations are kind of standing on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02309-00493739-00493864 their own two feet in the sense that
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02310-00493866-00494102 they've managed to raise venture capital
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02311-00494103-00494243 investments so that includes all bits
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02312-00494243-00494351 but it also includes a number of other
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02313-00494352-00494552 entities we're starting to see staking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02314-00494553-00494771 companies you know raise VC money and so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02315-00494772-00495014 on a lot more attention is starting to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02316-00495014-00495206 turn to you know building up the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02317-00495207-00495446 interchange foundation and building up
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02318-00495447-00495671 teams there and ramping up a the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02319-00495672-00495857 granting program and so on
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02320-00495858-00496070 so so right now really the focus there
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02321-00496071-00496355 is on this granting programs you can
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02322-00496356-00496547 find it on the website interchain do you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02323-00496547-00496747 can apply for funds so we're looking to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02324-00496749-00497080 you know in the short term really deploy
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02325-00497081-00497389 capital deploy you know funds from from
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02326-00497391-00497528 our Treasury which has been I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02327-00497529-00497668 reasonably well managed over the last
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02328-00497670-00497891 couple years to really you know grow the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02329-00497892-00498104 ecosystem and see in the short term to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02330-00498105-00498263 see kind of the immediate needs to be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02331-00498264-00498458 developed so you know IBC for sure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02332-00498459-00498650 certain other application frameworks
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02333-00498651-00498905 bridges things like you know bridge to
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02334-00498906-00499088 the etherium Network things like ether
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02335-00499089-00499297 mint which are you know the etherion
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02336-00499299-00499442 state machine running on top of tender
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02337-00499443-00499585 mint in a way that's compatible with the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02338-00499587-00499943 cosmos network you know certain certain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02339-00499943-00500120 wallets block explorers and so on so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02340-00500121-00500324 really kind of growing this the set of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02341-00500325-00500453 applications and frameworks and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02342-00500454-00500657 developer tools and all this for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02343-00500658-00500906 building for building you know at the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02344-00500907-00501118 cosmos ecosystem the foundation is also
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02345-00501120-00501335 starting to focus on on some R&D as well
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02346-00501335-00501413 kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02347-00501414-00501710 a little internally so you know as I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02348-00501710-00501868 mentioned the foundation is gonna take
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02349-00501870-00502166 on the implementing IBC in Rus to kind
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02350-00502167-00502346 of complement a I'd be doing it go and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02351-00502347-00502478 others in JavaScript and hopefully
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02352-00502479-00502727 others in other languages too and so you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02353-00502728-00502901 know looking higher Russ developers for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02354-00502902-00503216 that we're also building out the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02355-00503217-00503360 research team there and so we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02356-00503360-00503516 starting to focus in really on formal
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02357-00503517-00503759 verification of hopefully all of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02358-00503760-00503924 protocols in the stack but really I
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02359-00503925-00504089 think starting from tenorman starting
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02360-00504089-00504251 from the lower lowest layer
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02361-00504252-00504443 kind of working our way up and to help
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02362-00504443-00504584 you know really ensure the correctness
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02363-00504585-00504812 of the software and to enhance our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02364-00504813-00505001 ability to test it and you know really
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02365-00505002-00505160 build confidence in the software both
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02366-00505160-00505358 for the Kosmos hub but also for all the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02367-00505359-00505484 many other block chains that we'll be
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02368-00505485-00505583 building
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02369-00505584-00505724 you know on tender mint and then you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02370-00505725-00505856 know hopefully we'll be able to turn our
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02371-00505857-00506174 attention to actual actual protocols in
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02372-00506175-00506357 the state machine in the way staking
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02373-00506358-00506510 works and governance and so on and and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02374-00506510-00506681 try to move the bar on informally
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02375-00506682-00506891 verifying things there you know in the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02376-00506892-00507118 long term for the foundation I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02377-00507120-00507395 we'd like to we'd like to figure out
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02378-00507396-00507524 what sustainability really looks like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02379-00507525-00507689 for a non-profit I think that's
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02380-00507689-00507856 something that hasn't really been
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02381-00507857-00508072 publicly been addressed in this space
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02382-00508074-00508166 you know a lot of people a lot of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02383-00508167-00508322 foundations are sitting on you know a
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02384-00508322-00508532 huge stock of capital and feel like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02385-00508533-00508802 their only job is to appreciate the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02386-00508803-00508985 value of the assets they sit on I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02387-00508985-00509177 that's maybe a little bit of you know
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02388-00509178-00509366 kind of a naive view and kind of the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02389-00509367-00509564 thinking that got us into you know peak
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02390-00509564-00509732 oil crisis and stuff like that is like
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02391-00509733-00509918 oh we have all this stock now we could
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02392-00509918-00510071 just spend it it's like no we kind of
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02393-00510072-00510247 need to figure out sustainability and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02394-00510249-00510385 the sooner we do it probably probably
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02395-00510387-00510521 the better so we're starting to think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02396-00510522-00510760 about what that looks like but we don't
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02397-00510762-00510938 really know yet so you know if we're
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02398-00510939-00511184 eager to hear what people think and and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02399-00511185-00511379 you know we're building out there and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02400-00511380-00511481 hopefully though there'll be a lot more
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02401-00511482-00511724 to say from the foundation in the short
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02402-00511725-00511964 term really the focus is on on funding
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02403-00511964-00512122 you know building out the community and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02404-00512124-00512327 having you know really having strong
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02405-00512328-00512576 independent members of the larger Kosmos
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02406-00512577-00512714 ecosystem that can really take
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02407-00512714-00512914 responsibility for you know operating
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02408-00512916-00513092 the network and developing things on it
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02409-00513093-00513401 and so on yeah cool well thanks so much
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02410-00513402-00513649 guys for coming on it was a it was great
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02411-00513650-00513899 you know diving into cosmos I'm sure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02412-00513900-00514127 this is gonna be something to revisit
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02413-00514128-00514400 and lots lots more to to discuss
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02414-00514401-00514672 especially as actually interoperability
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02415-00514672-00514972 is going to you know start to happen
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02416-00514974-00515135 right and we will actually start to have
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02417-00515135-00515363 you know multiple interconnected block
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02418-00515364-00515738 chains in the whole new world of you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02419-00515739-00515924 know what block shades look like and
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02420-00515925-00516074 watch the networks look like I think
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02421-00516075-00516218 we're starting to emerge so thanks so
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02422-00516218-00516335 much for coming on it was a pleasure
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02423-00516335-00516706 thanks for having us thanks Travis
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02424-00516707-00516935 we release new episodes of epicenter
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02425-00516935-00517163 every week click here to subscribe for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02426-00517164-00517328 hundreds of insightful interviews with
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02427-00517329-00517466 some of the leading minds in blockchain
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02428-00517467-00517553 and crypto
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02429-00517554-00517714 you can also listen to the audio version
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02430-00517716-00517901 of the podcast on iTunes Spotify
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02431-00517902-00518201 stitcher and other podcast apps click
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02432-00518202-00518366 here for a full list of places where you
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02433-00518367-00518591 can listen thanks for watching at the
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02434-00518592-00518747 center and we hope you'll join us for
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02435-00518747-00519193 our next episode
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02436-00519193-00519795 [Music]
+FjRgO6L2UHc-02437-00519796-00520339 [Music]
+FkgUw-AJnho-00000-00000006-00000343 okay now we've got some fun what I've
+FkgUw-AJnho-00001-00000344-00000755 done is I deleted my parent theme when I
+FkgUw-AJnho-00002-00000756-00001249 was deleting to clean up oops
+FkgUw-AJnho-00003-00001250-00001780 so I go to here and I check it and it
+FkgUw-AJnho-00004-00001782-00002222 goes well there's my parent theme I
+FkgUw-AJnho-00005-00002223-00002752 added it back again so that's good so
+FkgUw-AJnho-00006-00002753-00002987 that's one way of not finding out that
+FkgUw-AJnho-00007-00002988-00003420 this theme is based on that thing okay
+FkgUw-AJnho-00008-00003421-00003752 enjoy your day but I'm going to go see
+FkgUw-AJnho-00009-00003753-00003851 what's happening here
+FkgUw-AJnho-00010-00003852-00004175 can't you soon least the parent theme
+FkgUw-AJnho-00011-00004176-00004648 has come back and that's important
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00000-00000011-00000305 the thermocouple is an electrical device
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00001-00000306-00000559 consisting of two dissimilar electrical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00002-00000560-00000797 conductors forming electrical junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00003-00000798-00001091 at differing temperatures a thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00004-00001092-00001337 produces a temperature dependent voltage
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00005-00001338-00001591 as a result of the thermoelectric effect
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00006-00001592-00001807 and this voltage can be interpreted to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00007-00001809-00002114 measure temperature thermocouples are a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00008-00002115-00002359 widely used type of temperature sensor
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00009-00002360-00002614 commercial thermocouples are inexpensive
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00010-00002615-00002807 interchangeable are supplied with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00011-00002808-00002999 standard connectors and can measure a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00012-00003000-00003340 wide range of temperatures in contrast
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00013-00003342-00003545 to most other methods of temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00014-00003546-00003736 measurement thermocouples are self
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00015-00003738-00003979 powered and require no external form of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00016-00003980-00004274 excitation the main limitation with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00017-00004275-00004538 thermocouples is precision system areas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00018-00004539-00004811 of less than 1 degree Celsius degree C
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00019-00004812-00004966 can be difficult to achieve
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00020-00004967-00005227 thermocouples are widely used in science
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00021-00005228-00005522 and industry applications include
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00022-00005523-00005743 temperature measurement for kilns gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00023-00005744-00006011 turbine exhaust diesel engines and other
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00024-00006012-00006356 industrial processes thermocouples are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00025-00006357-00006569 also used in homes offices and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00026-00006570-00006773 businesses as the temperature sensors in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00027-00006773-00007070 thermostats and also as flame sensors in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00028-00007070-00007264 safety devices for gas powered
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00029-00007265-00007873 appliances
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00030-00007875-00008496 topic principle of operation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00031-00008497-00008844 in 1821 the German physicist Thomas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00032-00008845-00009039 Johann Seebeck discovered that when
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00033-00009040-00009234 different metals are joined at the ends
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00034-00009235-00009387 and there is a temperature difference
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00035-00009388-00009642 between the joints a magnetic field is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00036-00009643-00009981 observed at the time Seebeck referred to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00037-00009982-00010308 this consequences thermo magnetism the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00038-00010309-00010530 magnetic field he observed was later
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00039-00010531-00010743 shown to be due to thermoelectric
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00040-00010744-00011073 current in practical use the voltage
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00041-00011074-00011274 generated at a single junction of two
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00042-00011275-00011493 different types of wire is what is of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00043-00011494-00011676 interest as this can be used to measure
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00044-00011677-00011862 temperature at very high and low
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00045-00011863-00012144 temperatures the magnitude of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00046-00012145-00012351 voltage depends on the types of wire
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00047-00012352-00012693 being used generally the voltage is in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00048-00012694-00012909 the micro volt range and care must be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00049-00012910-00013154 taken to obtain a usable measurement
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00050-00013155-00013455 although very little current flows power
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00051-00013456-00013641 can be generated by a single
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00052-00013641-00013974 thermocouple Junction power generation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00053-00013975-00014213 using multiple thermocouples as in a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00054-00014215-00014550 thermo-pile a is common the standard
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00055-00014551-00014799 configuration for thermocouple usage is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00056-00014800-00015138 shown in the figure briefly the desired
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00057-00015138-00015327 temperature sense is obtained using
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00058-00015328-00015633 three inputs the characteristic function
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00059-00015634-00015909 e T of the thermocouple the measured
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00060-00015910-00016131 voltage V and the reference junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00061-00016132-00016464 temperature trev the solution to the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00062-00016465-00016830 equation e sense equals V + e trev yield
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00063-00016831-00017181 sense these details are often hidden
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00064-00017182-00017361 from the user since the reference
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00065-00017362-00017571 Junction block with trev thermometer
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00066-00017572-00017805 voltmeter and equation solver are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00067-00017806-00018492 combined into a single product
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00068-00018493-00019153 topic physical principle Seebeck effect
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00069-00019154-00019428 the Seebeck effect refers to an
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00070-00019429-00019641 electro-motive force whenever there is a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00071-00019642-00019853 temperature gradient in a conductive
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00072-00019854-00020217 material under open circuit conditions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00073-00020218-00020439 where there is no internal current flow
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00074-00020440-00020967 the gradient of voltage V display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00075-00020968-00021350 script style bold symbol nabla V is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00076-00021351-00021611 directly proportional to the gradient in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00077-00021612-00022128 temperature T display style script style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00078-00022129-00023359 bold symbol nabla T V equals minus s T T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00079-00023360-00023705 display style bold symbol nabla V equals
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00080-00023706-00024491 s T bolts involve nabla T where s T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00081-00024492-00024911 display style s T is a temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00082-00024912-00025143 dependent material property known as the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00083-00025144-00025458 Seebeck coefficient the standard
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00084-00025459-00025658 measurement configuration shown in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00085-00025659-00025881 figure shows four temperature regions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00086-00025882-00026162 and thus for voltage contributions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00087-00026163-00027393 change from T M V T E our display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00088-00027394-00027721 script style T underscore mathram meter
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00089-00027722-00028355 to t r e
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00090-00028356-00028745 F display style script style T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00091-00028746-00029073 underscore mathram ref in the lower
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00092-00029074-00030210 copper wire change from T ar e F display
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00093-00030211-00030501 style script style t underscore mathram
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00094-00030502-00031851 ref to t s e n s e display style script
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00095-00031852-00032249 style t underscore mathram sent in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00096-00032250-00033502 animal wire change from t s e n s e
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00097-00033503-00033833 display style script style t underscore
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00098-00033834-00034919 mathram sent to t r e f display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00099-00034920-00035294 script style t underscore mathram ref in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00100-00035295-00036317 the chromel wire change from T ar e F
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00101-00036318-00036635 display style script style T underscore
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00102-00036636-00037961 matte from ref to T M he t e our display
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00103-00037962-00038249 style script style t underscore mathram
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00104-00038250-00038600 meter in the upper copper wire the 1st
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00105-00038601-00038885 and 4th contributions cancel out exactly
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00106-00038886-00039113 because these regions involve the same
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00107-00039114-00039314 temperature change in an identical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00108-00039315-00040193 material as a result T M he
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00109-00040194-00040892 t he our display style script style t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00110-00040893-00041222 underscore mathram meter does not
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00111-00041223-00041528 influence the measured voltage the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00112-00041529-00041768 second and third contributions do not
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00113-00041769-00041960 cancel as they involve different
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00114-00041961-00042329 materials the measured voltage turns out
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00115-00042330-00044413 to be V equals T or e F T yes II n s e s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00116-00044414-00045851 plus t minus s minus T the T display
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00117-00045852-00046103 style V equals int underscore t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00118-00046104-00046346 underscore mafroom ref carrot-te
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00119-00046347-00046601 underscore mathram sense left s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00120-00046602-00047065 underscore plus TS underscore t right DT
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00121-00047066-00047774 where S Plus display style script style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00122-00047775-00048581 s underscore + and s minus display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00123-00048582-00048899 script style s underscore but the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00124-00048900-00049106 Seebeck coefficients of the conductors
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00125-00049107-00049301 attached to the positive and negative
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00126-00049302-00049504 terminals of the volt meter respectively
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00127-00049505-00050217 chromel and alumel in the figure
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00128-00050218-00050806 topic characteristic function
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00129-00050807-00051013 an integral does not need to be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00130-00051014-00051181 performed for every temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00131-00051182-00051477 measurement rather the thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00132-00051478-00051724 behavior is captured by a characteristic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00133-00051725-00052024 function e
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00134-00052025-00052569 tea display style script style et which
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00135-00052570-00052765 needs only to be consulted at two
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00136-00052766-00053269 arguments v equals
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00137-00053270-00055357 e t s e and s e- e t r e f display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00138-00055358-00055750 v equals e t underscore mathram cents ET
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00139-00055751-00056197 underscore mathram ref in terms of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00140-00056198-00056446 Seebeck coefficients the characteristic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00141-00056447-00057426 function is defined by e t equals t s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00142-00057427-00059325 plus t minus s minus T the T plus C o n
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00143-00059326-00060054 s t display stylee t equals in carrot t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00144-00060055-00060441 s underscore plus TS underscore t dt
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00145-00060442-00060826 plus mathram const the constant of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00146-00060827-00061003 integration in this indefinite integral
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00147-00061004-00061219 has no significance but is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00148-00061220-00061955 conventionally chosen such that e 0 c
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00149-00061957-00062604 equals 0 display style script stylee 0
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00150-00062605-00063124 caret circ root C equals 0 thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00151-00063125-00063360 manufacturers in metrology standards
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00152-00063361-00063579 organizations such as NIST provide
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00153-00063580-00064222 tables of the function e T display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00154-00064223-00064609 script stylee et that have been measured
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00155-00064610-00064789 and interpolated over a range of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00156-00064790-00065035 temperatures for particular thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00157-00065036-00065287 types see external links section for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00158-00065288-00065939 access to these tables
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00159-00065940-00066224 topic requirement for a reference
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00160-00066225-00066619 Junction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00161-00066620-00067129 to obtain the desired measurement of T s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00162-00067130-00068088 e n s e display style script style T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00163-00068089-00068449 underscore mathram sense it is not
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00164-00068450-00068696 sufficient to just measure
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00165-00068697-00069211 viii display style script style v the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00166-00069212-00069462 temperature at the reference junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00167-00069463-00069679 T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00168-00069680-00070354 are e.f display style script style t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00169-00070355-00070711 underscore mathram ref must be already
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00170-00070712-00071124 known two strategies are often used here
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00171-00071125-00071544 ice bath method the reference Junction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00172-00071545-00071769 block is immersed in a semi frozen bath
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00173-00071770-00071982 of distilled water at atmospheric
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00174-00071983-00072274 pressure the precise temperature of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00175-00072275-00072507 melting point phase transition acts as a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00176-00072508-00072950 natural thermostat fixing tea
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00177-00072951-00073092 Oh
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00178-00073093-00073617 e F display style script style t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00179-00073618-00074001 underscore mathram ref to zero degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00180-00074002-00074397 Celsius reference junction sensor known
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00181-00074398-00074744 as cold Junction compensation the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00182-00074745-00074937 reference Junction block is allowed to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00183-00074938-00075176 vary in temperature but the temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00184-00075177-00075344 is measured at this block using a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00185-00075345-00075600 separate temperature sensor this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00186-00075601-00075794 secondary measurement is used to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00187-00075795-00076023 compensate for temperature variation at
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00188-00076024-00076301 the junction block the thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00189-00076302-00076512 Junction is often exposed to extreme
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00190-00076513-00076686 environments while the reference
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00191-00076687-00076863 Junction is often mounted near the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00192-00076864-00077184 instruments location semiconductor
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00193-00077185-00077391 thermometer devices are often used in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00194-00077392-00077682 modern thermocouple instruments in both
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00195-00077683-00078223 cases the value V Plus
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00196-00078224-00079243 e t r e f display style script style v +
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00197-00079244-00079687 e t underscore mathram ref is calculated
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00198-00079688-00080296 then the function e t display style
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00199-00080297-00080668 script stylee t is searched for a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00200-00080669-00080959 matching value the argument where this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00201-00080960-00081538 match occurs is the value of t s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00202-00081539-00082344 II n s II display style script style t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00203-00082345-00083094 underscore mathram sense
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00204-00083095-00083749 topic practical concerns
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00205-00083750-00083963 thermocouples ideally should be very
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00206-00083964-00084169 simple measurement devices with each
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00207-00084170-00084619 type being characterized by a precise
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00208-00084620-00085144 e.t display style script style II T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00209-00085145-00085492 curve independent of any other details
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00210-00085493-00085862 in reality thermocouples are affected by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00211-00085863-00086075 issues such as alloy manufacturing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00212-00086076-00086351 uncertainties aging effects and circuit
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00213-00086352-00087080 design mistakes misunderstandings
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00214-00087081-00087662 topic circuit construction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00215-00087663-00087880 the Common Era in thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00216-00087881-00088130 construction is related to cold Junction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00217-00088131-00088448 compensation if an error is made on the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00218-00088449-00089360 estimation of t r e f display style t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00219-00089361-00089711 underscore mathram ref the same error
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00220-00089712-00089918 will be carried over to the temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00221-00089919-00090199 measurement for the simplest measurement
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00222-00090200-00090416 thermocouple wires are connected to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00223-00090417-00090623 copper far away from the hot or cold
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00224-00090624-00090856 point whose temperature is measured the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00225-00090857-00091067 cold Junction is then assumed to be at
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00226-00091068-00091280 room temperature but that temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00227-00091281-00091499 can vary Junction should be made in a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00228-00091500-00091667 reliable manner but there are many
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00229-00091668-00091944 possible approaches to accomplish this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00230-00091945-00092249 for low temperatures junctions can be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00231-00092250-00092480 braised or soldered however it may be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00232-00092481-00092723 difficult to find a suitable flux and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00233-00092724-00092924 this may not be suitable at the sensing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00234-00092925-00093134 Junction due to the solders low melting
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00235-00093135-00093530 point reference and extension junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00236-00093531-00093724 are therefore usually made with screw
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00237-00093725-00094093 terminal blocks for high temperatures a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00238-00094094-00094340 common approach is a spot weld or crimp
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00239-00094341-00094697 using a durable material a common myth
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00240-00094698-00094888 regarding thermocouples is that
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00241-00094889-00095087 junctions must be made cleanly without
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00242-00095088-00095309 involving a third metal to avoid
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00243-00095310-00095532 unwanted added EMF
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00244-00095533-00095809 this may result from another common
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00245-00095810-00095996 misunderstanding that the voltage is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00246-00095997-00096317 generated at the junction in fact the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00247-00096318-00096491 junction should in principle have
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00248-00096492-00096712 uniform internal temperature therefore
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00249-00096713-00096986 no voltage is generated at the junction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00250-00096987-00097282 the voltage is generated in the thermal
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00251-00097283-00097612 gradient along the wire a thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00252-00097613-00097937 produces small signals often microvolts
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00253-00097938-00098194 in magnitude precise measurements of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00254-00098195-00098407 this signal require an amplifier with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00255-00098408-00098638 low input offset voltage and with care
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00256-00098639-00098909 taken to avoid thermal EMF from self
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00257-00098910-00099140 heating within the voltmeter itself if
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00258-00099141-00099418 the thermocouple wire has a high
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00259-00099419-00099662 resistance for some reason poor contact
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00260-00099663-00099941 at junctions or very thin wires used for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00261-00099942-00100160 fast thermal response the measuring
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00262-00100161-00100324 instruments should have high input
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00263-00100325-00100535 impedance to prevent an offset in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00264-00100536-00100843 measured voltage a useful feature in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00265-00100844-00101036 thermocouple instrumentation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00266-00101037-00101225 we'll simultaneously measure resistance
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00267-00101226-00101453 and detect faulty connections in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00268-00101454-00102198 wiring or thermocouple junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00269-00102199-00102808 topic metallurgical grades
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00270-00102809-00103084 while a thermocouple wire type is often
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00271-00103085-00103258 described by its chemical composition
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00272-00103259-00103520 the actual aim is to produce a pair of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00273-00103521-00104080 wires that follow a standardized e t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00274-00104081-00104643 display style script style e t curve
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00275-00104644-00104877 impurities effect each batch of metal
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00276-00104878-00105138 differently producing variable Seebeck
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00277-00105139-00105471 coefficients to match the standard
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00278-00105472-00105738 behavior thermocouple wire manufacturers
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00279-00105739-00105906 will deliberately mix in additional
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00280-00105907-00106202 impurities to dope the alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00281-00106203-00106464 compensating for uncontrolled variations
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00282-00106465-00106845 in source material as a result there are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00283-00106846-00107043 standard and specialized grades of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00284-00107044-00107268 thermocouple wire depending on the level
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00285-00107269-00107411 of precision demanded in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00286-00107413-00107763 thermocouple behavior precision grades
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00287-00107764-00107982 may only be available in matched pairs
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00288-00107983-00108252 where one wire is modified to compensate
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00289-00108253-00108521 for deficiencies in the other wire a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00290-00108522-00108804 special case of thermocouple wire is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00291-00108805-00109152 known as extension grade designed to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00292-00109153-00109368 carry the thermoelectric circuit over a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00293-00109369-00109746 longer distance extension wires follow
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00294-00109747-00110376 the stated e t display style script
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00295-00110377-00110597 style e t
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00296-00110598-00110807 curved but for various reasons they are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00297-00110808-00111004 not designed to be used in extreme
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00298-00111005-00111182 environments and so they cannot be used
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00299-00111183-00111379 at the sensing Junction in some
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00300-00111380-00111782 applications for example an extension
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00301-00111783-00112019 wire may be in a different form such as
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00302-00112020-00112186 highly flexible with stranded
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00303-00112188-00112418 construction and plastic insulation or
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00304-00112419-00112649 be part of a multi wire cable for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00305-00112650-00113011 carrying many thermocouple circuits with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00306-00113013-00113258 expensive noble metal thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00307-00113258-00113500 the extension wires may even be made of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00308-00113501-00113725 a completely different cheaper material
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00309-00113726-00113911 that mimics the standard type over a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00310-00113913-00114579 reduced temperature range
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00311-00114580-00115223 topic aging of thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00312-00115224-00115434 thermocouples are often used at high
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00313-00115435-00115645 temperatures and in reactive furnace
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00314-00115646-00115996 atmospheres in this case the practical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00315-00115997-00116218 lifetime is limited by thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00316-00116219-00116529 aging the thermoelectric coefficients of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00317-00116530-00116746 the wires in a thermocouple that is used
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00318-00116747-00116944 to measure very high temperatures may
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00319-00116945-00117129 change with time and the measurement
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00320-00117130-00117453 voltage accordingly drops the simple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00321-00117454-00117598 relationship between the temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00322-00117599-00117804 difference of the junctions and the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00323-00117805-00118011 measurement voltage is only correct if
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00324-00118012-00118254 each wire is homogeneous uniform in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00325-00118255-00118582 composition as thermocouples age in a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00326-00118583-00118788 process the conductors can lose
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00327-00118789-00118989 homogeneity due to chemical and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00328-00118990-00119233 metallurgical changes caused by extreme
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00329-00119233-00119400 or prolonged exposure to high
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00330-00119401-00119736 temperatures if the Aged section of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00331-00119737-00119956 thermocouple circuit is exposed to a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00332-00119957-00120141 temperature gradient the measured
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00333-00120142-00120393 voltage will differ resulting in error
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00334-00120394-00120690 aged thermocouples are only partly
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00335-00120691-00120982 modified for example being unaffected in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00336-00120983-00121284 the parts outside the furnace for this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00337-00121285-00121524 reason aged thermocouples cannot be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00338-00121525-00121740 taken out of their installed location
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00339-00121741-00121957 and recalibrated in a bath or test
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00340-00121958-00122235 furnace to determine error this also
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00341-00122236-00122466 explains why error can sometimes be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00342-00122467-00122679 observed when an aged thermocouple is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00343-00122680-00122956 pulled partly out of a furnace as the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00344-00122957-00123201 sensor is pulled back aged sections may
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00345-00123202-00123418 see exposure to increased temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00346-00123419-00123615 gradients from hot to cold as the aged
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00347-00123616-00123801 section now passes through the cooler
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00348-00123802-00124096 refractory area contributing significant
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00349-00124097-00124381 error to the measurement likewise an
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00350-00124382-00124618 aged thermocouple that is pushed deeper
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00351-00124619-00124833 into the furnace might sometimes provide
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00352-00124834-00125047 a more accurate reading if being pushed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00353-00125048-00125245 further into the furnace causes the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00354-00125246-00125460 temperature gradient to occur only in a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00355-00125461-00126066 fresh section
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00356-00126067-00126610 topic types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00357-00126611-00126857 certain combinations of alloys have
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00358-00126858-00127105 become popular as industry standards
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00359-00127106-00127346 selection of the combination is driven
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00360-00127347-00127688 by cost availability convenience melting
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00361-00127689-00127967 point chemical properties stability and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00362-00127968-00128276 output different types are best suited
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00363-00128277-00128471 for different applications
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00364-00128472-00128717 they are usually selected on the basis
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00365-00128718-00128893 of the temperature range and sensitivity
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00366-00128894-00129206 needed thermocouples with low
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00367-00129207-00129515 sensitivities B R and s types have
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00368-00129516-00129830 correspondingly lower resolutions other
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00369-00129831-00130091 selection criteria include the chemical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00370-00130092-00130261 inertness of the thermocouple material
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00371-00130263-00130546 and whether it is magnetic or not
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00372-00130547-00130820 standard thermocouple types are listed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00373-00130821-00130963 below with the positive electrode
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00374-00130964-00131947 assuming T sense greater than T ref
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00375-00131948-00132269 display style t underscore text sense
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00376-00132270-00132674 greater than t underscore text ref first
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00377-00132675-00133393 followed by the negative electrode
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00378-00133394-00134359 topic nickel alloy thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00379-00134360-00134844 topic type-ii
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00380-00134845-00135156 Taiki chromel constantan has a high
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00381-00135157-00135459 output 68 micro volts per degree Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00382-00135460-00135741 which makes it well suited to cryogenic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00383-00135742-00136233 use additionally it is non-magnetic wide
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00384-00136234-00136512 range is minus 50 degrees Celsius to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00385-00136513-00136692 plus seven hundred and forty degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00386-00136693-00137163 Celsius and narrow range is minus 110
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00387-00137164-00137490 degrees Celsius to plus 140 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00388-00137491-00138042 Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00389-00138043-00138536 topic type J
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00390-00138537-00138841 type J iron constantan has a more
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00391-00138842-00139085 restricted range minus 40 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00392-00139086-00139462 Celsius to plus 750 degrees Celsius than
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00393-00139463-00139690 type K but higher sensitivity of about
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00394-00139691-00140086 50 micro volt per degree Celsius the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00395-00140087-00140314 Curie point of the iron seven hundred
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00396-00140315-00140543 and seventy degrees Celsius causes a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00397-00140544-00140749 smooth change in the characteristic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00398-00140750-00140936 which determines the upper temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00399-00140937-00141352 limit note the European German type L is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00400-00141353-00141589 a variant of the type J with a different
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00401-00141590-00141823 specification for the EMF output
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00402-00141824-00142073 referenced in forty three thousand seven
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00403-00142074-00142957 hundred and twelve to 1980 501
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00404-00142958-00143447 topic type K
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00405-00143448-00143771 type K chromel alumel is the most common
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00406-00143772-00143963 general-purpose thermocouple with a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00407-00143964-00144260 sensitivity of approximately 41 micro
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00408-00144261-00144551 volts per degree Celsius it is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00409-00144552-00144824 inexpensive and a wide variety of probes
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00410-00144825-00145043 are available in its minus 200 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00411-00145044-00145295 Celsius to plus one thousand three
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00412-00145296-00145559 hundred and fifty degrees Celsius minus
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00413-00145560-00145718 three hundred and thirty degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00414-00145719-00145952 Fahrenheit to plus two thousand four
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00415-00145953-00146159 hundred and sixty degrees Fahrenheit
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00416-00146160-00146525 range type K was specified at a time
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00417-00146526-00146723 when metallurgy was less advanced than
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00418-00146724-00146908 it is today and consequently
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00419-00146909-00147098 characteristics may vary considerably
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00420-00147099-00147488 between samples one of the constituent
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00421-00147489-00147704 metals nickel is magnetic a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00422-00147705-00147926 characteristic of thermocouples made
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00423-00147927-00148112 with magnetic material is that they
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00424-00148113-00148325 undergo a deviation in output when the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00425-00148326-00148571 material reaches its Curie point which
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00426-00148572-00148799 occurs for type K thermocouples at
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00427-00148800-00149288 around 185 degrees Celsius they operate
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00428-00149289-00149522 very well in oxidizing atmospheres
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00429-00149523-00149789 if however are mostly reducing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00430-00149790-00150032 atmosphere such as hydrogen with a small
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00431-00150033-00150278 amount of oxygen comes into contact with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00432-00150279-00150494 the wires the chromium in the chromel
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00433-00150495-00150866 alloy oxidizes this reduces the EMF
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00434-00150867-00151108 output and the thermocouple reads low
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00435-00151109-00151400 this phenomenon is known as green rot
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00436-00151401-00151639 due to the color of the affected alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00437-00151640-00151922 although not always distinctively green
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00438-00151923-00152144 the chromel wire will develop a mottled
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00439-00152145-00152483 silvery skin and become magnetic an easy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00440-00152484-00152699 way to check for this problem is to see
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00441-00152700-00152885 whether the two wires are magnetic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00442-00152886-00153193 normally chromel is non-magnetic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00443-00153194-00153464 hydrogen in the atmosphere is the usual
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00444-00153465-00153755 cause of green rot at high temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00445-00153756-00153983 it can diffuse through solid metals or
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00446-00153984-00154171 an intact metal thermowell
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00447-00154172-00154426 even a sheath of magnesium oxide
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00448-00154427-00154655 insulating the thermocouple will not
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00449-00154656-00155272 keep the hydrogen out
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00450-00155273-00155758 topic type M
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00451-00155759-00156472 type em 82% knee 18% mo 99.2% knee 0.8%
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00452-00156473-00156757 co by weight are used in vacuum furnaces
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00453-00156758-00156997 for the same reasons as with type C
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00454-00156998-00157315 described below upper temperature is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00455-00157316-00157735 limited to 1400 degrees Celsius it is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00456-00157736-00158381 less commonly used than other types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00457-00158382-00159085 topic type n type n mucosal missile
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00458-00159086-00159281 thermocouples are suitable for use
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00459-00159282-00159625 between minus 270 degrees Celsius and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00460-00159626-00160003 past 1300 degrees Celsius owing to its
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00461-00160004-00160318 stability and oxidation resistance
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00462-00160319-00160651 sensitivity is about 39 microvolts per
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00463-00160652-00160943 degree Celsius at 900 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00464-00160944-00161250 slightly lower compared to type K
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00465-00161251-00161491 designed at the defense science and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00466-00161492-00161768 technology organization the sto of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00467-00161769-00162037 Australia by no Labour Lee type n
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00468-00162038-00162226 thermocouples overcome the three
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00469-00162227-00162443 principal characteristic types and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00470-00162444-00162679 causes of thermoelectric instability in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00471-00162680-00162869 the standard base metal thermal element
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00472-00162870-00163208 materials a gradual and generally
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00473-00163209-00163469 cumulative drift in thermal EMF on long
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00474-00163470-00163793 exposure at elevated temperatures this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00475-00163794-00164029 is observed in all base metal thermal
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00476-00164030-00164233 element materials and is mainly due to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00477-00164234-00164449 compositional changes caused by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00478-00164450-00164732 oxidation carburization or Neutron
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00479-00164733-00164896 irradiation that can produce
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00480-00164897-00165109 transmutation in nuclear reactor
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00481-00165110-00165421 environments in the case of type K
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00482-00165422-00165673 thermocouples manganese and aluminium
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00483-00165674-00165881 atoms from the knots negative wire
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00484-00165882-00166129 migrate to the K P positive wire
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00485-00166130-00166378 resulting in a downscale drift due to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00486-00166379-00166706 chemical contamination this effect is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00487-00166707-00167069 cumulative and irreversible a short term
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00488-00167070-00167353 cyclic change in thermal EMF on heating
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00489-00167354-00167656 in the temperature range about 250 to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00490-00167657-00167958 650 degrees Celsius which occurs in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00491-00167959-00168400 thermocouples of types k JT and E this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00492-00168401-00168697 kind of EMF instability is associated
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00493-00168698-00168920 with structural changes such as magnetic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00494-00168921-00169150 short-range order in the metallurgical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00495-00169151-00169433 composition a time independent
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00496-00169434-00169747 perturbation in thermal EMF in specific
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00497-00169748-00170033 temperature ranges this is due to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00498-00170034-00170229 composition dependent magnetic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00499-00170230-00170458 transformations that perturb the thermal
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00500-00170459-00170716 EMF s in type K thermocouples in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00501-00170717-00171139 range about 25 to 225 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00502-00171140-00171529 and in type J above 730 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00503-00171530-00171764 the Nick Rosalind missile thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00504-00171765-00171932 alloys show greatly enhanced
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00505-00171933-00172157 thermoelectric stability relative to the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00506-00172158-00172388 other standard base metal thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00507-00172389-00172562 alloys because the compositions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00508-00172563-00172768 substantially reduce the thermoelectric
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00509-00172769-00173099 instabilities described above this is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00510-00173100-00173300 achieved primarily by increasing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00511-00173301-00173585 component solute concentrations chromium
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00512-00173586-00173771 and silicon in a base of nickel above
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00513-00173772-00173993 those required to cause a transition
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00514-00173994-00174200 from internal to external modes of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00515-00174201-00174431 oxidation and by selecting solutes
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00516-00174432-00174608 silicon and magnesium that
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00517-00174609-00174818 preferentially oxidized to form a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00518-00174819-00175049 diffusion barrier and hence oxidation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00519-00175050-00175640 inhibiting films
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00520-00175641-00176126 topic type tea
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00521-00176127-00176462 type T copper constantan thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00522-00176463-00176660 are suited for measurements in the minus
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00523-00176661-00177143 200 to 350 degrees Celsius range often
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00524-00177144-00177365 used as a differential measurement since
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00525-00177366-00177622 only copper wire touches the probes
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00526-00177623-00177902 since both conductors are non-magnetic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00527-00177903-00178145 there is no Curie point and thus no
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00528-00178146-00178517 abrupt change in characteristics type T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00529-00178518-00178727 thermocouples have a sensitivity of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00530-00178728-00179083 about 43 micro volts per degree Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00531-00179084-00179303 note that copper has a much higher
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00532-00179304-00179540 thermal conductivity than the alloys
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00533-00179541-00179732 generally used in thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00534-00179733-00179966 constructions and so it is necessary to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00535-00179967-00180188 exercise extra care with thermally
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00536-00180189-00180545 anchoring type T thermocouples a similar
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00537-00180546-00180725 composition is found in the obsolete
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00538-00180726-00180983 type view in the German specification
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00539-00180984-00181184 din forty three thousand seven hundred
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00540-00181185-00181984 and twelve to 1980 501
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00541-00181985-00182275 topic platinum rhodium alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00542-00182276-00182734 thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00543-00182735-00183058 types B R and s thermocouples use
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00544-00183059-00183292 platinum or a platinum rhodium alloy for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00545-00183293-00183589 each conductor these are among the most
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00546-00183590-00183817 stable thermocouples that have lower
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00547-00183818-00183999 sensitivity than other types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00548-00184000-00184273 approximately 10 micro volts per degree
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00549-00184274-00184699 Celsius type B R and s thermocouples are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00550-00184700-00184921 usually used only for high temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00551-00184922-00185113 measurements due to their high cost and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00552-00185114-00185705 low sensitivity
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00553-00185706-00186195 topic type-b
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00554-00186196-00186873 type B 70 % PT 30 percent RH 94 % PT 6 %
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00555-00186874-00187146 RH by weight thermocouples are suited
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00556-00187147-00187523 for you set up to 1800 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00557-00187524-00187833 type B thermocouples produced the same
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00558-00187834-00188172 output at 0 degree Celsius in 42 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00559-00188173-00188409 Celsius limiting their use below about
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00560-00188410-00188823 50 degrees Celsius the EMF function has
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00561-00188824-00189081 a minimum around 21 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00562-00189082-00189261 meaning that cold Junction compensation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00563-00189262-00189501 is easily performed since the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00564-00189502-00189714 compensation voltage is essentially a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00565-00189715-00189945 constant for a reference at typical room
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00566-00189946-00190506 temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00567-00190507-00190998 topic type are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00568-00190999-00191563 type our 87 % PT 13% are HPT by weight
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00569-00191564-00191963 thermocouples are used 0 to 1600 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00570-00191964-00192520 Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00571-00192521-00193027 topic type s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00572-00193028-00193513 type s 90 % PT 10 percent RH PT by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00573-00193514-00193789 weight thermocouples similar to type r
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00574-00193790-00194169 are used up to 1600 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00575-00194170-00194403 before the introduction of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00576-00194404-00194640 international temperature scale of 1990
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00577-00194641-00194989 it's 90 precision Type S thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00578-00194990-00195181 were used as the practical standard
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00579-00195182-00195349 thermometers for the range of six
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00580-00195350-00195627 hundred and thirty degrees Celsius to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00581-00195628-00195907 1064 degrees Celsius based on an
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00582-00195908-00196096 interpolation between the freezing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00583-00196097-00196383 points of antimony silver and gold
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00584-00196384-00196656 starting with its 90 platinum resistance
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00585-00196657-00196897 thermometers have taken over this range
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00586-00196898-00197557 as standard thermometers
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00587-00197558-00197845 topic tungsten rhenium alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00588-00197846-00198300 thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00589-00198301-00198543 these thermocouples are well-suited for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00590-00198544-00198775 measuring extremely high temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00591-00198776-00199032 typical uses are hydrogen and inert
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00592-00199033-00199312 atmospheres as well as vacuum furnaces
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00593-00199313-00199572 they are not used in oxidizing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00594-00199573-00199749 environments at high temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00595-00199750-00200061 because of embrittlement a typical range
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00596-00200062-00200276 is zero to two thousand three hundred
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00597-00200277-00200540 and fifteen degrees Celsius which can be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00598-00200541-00200748 extended to two thousand seven hundred
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00599-00200749-00200973 and sixty degrees Celsius in inert
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00600-00200974-00201200 atmosphere and to three thousand degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00601-00201201-00201866 Celsius for brief measurements
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00602-00201867-00202366 topic tight see
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00603-00202367-00202973 95% with 5% bri74 percent with 26% re by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00604-00202974-00203180 weight maximum temperature will be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00605-00203181-00204113 measured by type C thermocouple is 2329
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00606-00204114-00204637 topic type D
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00607-00204638-00205223 97% with 3% Bree 75% with 25% re by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00608-00205225-00205657 weight
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00609-00205658-00206148 topic type G
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00610-00206150-00207019 w 74% with 26% re by weight
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00611-00207021-00207505 topic others
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00612-00207506-00207825 you
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00613-00207826-00208141 topic chromel gold iron alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00614-00208142-00208571 thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00615-00208571-00208858 in these thermocouples chromel gold iron
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00616-00208859-00209107 alloy the negative wire is gold with a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00617-00209108-00209600 small fraction 0.03 to 0.15 Atem percent
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00618-00209601-00209932 of iron the impure gold wire gives the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00619-00209933-00210160 thermocouple of high sensitivity at low
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00620-00210161-00210326 temperatures compared to other
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00621-00210327-00210496 thermocouples at that temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00622-00210498-00210740 whereas the chromel wire maintains the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00623-00210741-00211073 sensitivity near room temperature it can
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00624-00211073-00211400 be used for cryogenic applications 1.2
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00625-00211401-00211853 to 300k and even up to 600 K both the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00626-00211854-00212059 sensitivity and the temperature range
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00627-00212060-00212375 depend on the iron concentration the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00628-00212376-00212675 sensitivity is typically around 15 micro
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00629-00212676-00212905 volts k at low temperatures and the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00630-00212906-00213119 lowest usable temperature varies between
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00631-00213119-00213852 1.2 and 4.2 k
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00632-00213853-00214217 topic type P noble metal alloy or
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00633-00214219-00214729 platinum to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00634-00214730-00215644 type P 55% PD 31 % PT 14% o 65% o 35% P
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00635-00215644-00215866 D by weight thermocouples give a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00636-00215867-00216085 thermoelectric voltage that mimics the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00637-00216086-00216346 type K over the range 500 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00638-00216346-00216694 Celsius to 1,400 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00639-00216694-00216892 however they are constructed purely of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00640-00216892-00217108 noble metals and so shows enhanced
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00641-00217109-00217441 corrosion resistance this combination is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00642-00217442-00218046 also known as platinum to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00643-00218046-00218352 topic platinum molybdenum alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00644-00218353-00218806 thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00645-00218807-00219044 thermocouples of platinum molybdenum
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00646-00219044-00219863 alloy 95 % PT 5% mo 99.9% PT 0.1% mo by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00647-00219864-00220061 weight are sometimes used in nuclear
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00648-00220062-00220304 reactors since they show a low drift
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00649-00220305-00220541 from nuclear transmutation induced by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00650-00220542-00220760 Neutron irradiation compared to the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00651-00220761-00221439 platinum rhodium alloy types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00652-00221440-00221715 topic iridium rhodium alloy
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00653-00221716-00222146 thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00654-00222148-00222426 the use of two wires of iridium rhodium
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00655-00222427-00222653 alloys can provide a thermocouple that
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00656-00222654-00222864 can be used up to about 2,000 degrees
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00657-00222865-00223576 Celsius in inert atmospheres
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00658-00223577-00223930 topic pure noble metal thermocouples Oh
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00659-00223931-00224446 PT PT PD
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00660-00224446-00224656 thermocouples made from two different
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00661-00224657-00224927 high purity noble metals can show high
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00662-00224928-00225184 accuracy even when uncalibrated as well
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00663-00225185-00225515 as low levels of drift to combinations
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00664-00225516-00225701 in use our gold platinum and platinum
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00665-00225702-00226001 palladium the main limitations of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00666-00226002-00226171 low melting points of the metals
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00667-00226173-00226558 involved 1064 degrees Celsius for gold
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00668-00226559-00227026 in 1555 degrees Celsius for palladium
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00669-00227027-00227294 these thermocouples tend to be more
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00670-00227294-00227525 accurate than type s and due to their
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00671-00227526-00227771 economy and simplicity are even regarded
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00672-00227771-00227956 as competitive alternatives to the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00673-00227957-00228133 Platinum resistance thermometers that
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00674-00228134-00228307 are normally used as standard
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00675-00228308-00228866 thermometers
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00676-00228867-00229489 topic Scot erudite thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00677-00229490-00229723 Nasir is developing a multi-mission
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00678-00229723-00229998 radioisotope thermoelectric generator in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00679-00230000-00230191 which the thermocouples would be made of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00680-00230192-00230394 Scott erudite which can function with a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00681-00230396-00230592 smaller temperature difference than the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00682-00230594-00230890 current tellurium designs this would
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00683-00230891-00231136 mean that an otherwise similar RTG would
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00684-00231137-00231436 generate 25% more power at the beginning
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00685-00231437-00231696 of a mission and at least 50% more after
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00686-00231698-00232098 17 years NASA hopes to use the design on
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00687-00232100-00232754 the next new frontiers mission
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00688-00232755-00233162 topic HTI RTC high-temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00689-00233163-00233798 irradiation resistant thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00690-00233800-00234112 HTI RTC offers a breakthrough in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00691-00234113-00234441 measuring high temperature processes its
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00692-00234442-00234655 characteristics are durable and reliable
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00693-00234656-00235056 at high temperatures up to at least 1700
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00694-00235057-00235303 degrees Celsius resistant to irradiation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00695-00235304-00235458 moderately-priced
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00696-00235459-00235701 available in a variety of configurations
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00697-00235702-00235975 adaptable to each application easily
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00698-00235976-00236271 installed originally developed for use
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00699-00236273-00236626 in nuclear test reactors HTI RTC may
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00700-00236627-00236839 enhance the safety of operations in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00701-00236840-00237169 future reactors this thermocouple was
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00702-00237169-00237379 developed by researchers at the idaho
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00703-00237380-00237979 national laboratory INL
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00704-00237980-00238583 topic comparison of types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00705-00238584-00238863 the table below describes properties of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00706-00238864-00239063 several different thermocouple types
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00707-00239064-00239313 within the tolerance columns T
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00708-00239314-00239504 represents the temperature of the hot
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00709-00239505-00239885 Junction in degrees Celsius for example
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00710-00239886-00240114 a thermocouple with a tolerance of plus
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00711-00240115-00240489 or minus 0.025 times T would have a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00712-00240490-00240746 tolerance of plus or minus 2 point 5
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00713-00240747-00241601 degrees Celsius at 1,000 degrees Celsius
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00714-00241602-00242237 topic thermocouple insulation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00715-00242238-00242483 the wires that make up the thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00716-00242484-00242651 must be insulated from each other
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00717-00242652-00242840 everywhere except at the sensing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00718-00242841-00243116 Junction any additional electrical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00719-00243117-00243371 contact between the wires or contact of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00720-00243371-00243605 a wire to other conductive objects can
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00721-00243606-00243794 modify the voltage and give a false
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00722-00243794-00244130 reading of temperature plastics are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00723-00244131-00244358 suitable insulators for low temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00724-00244359-00244607 parts of a thermocouple whereas ceramic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00725-00244608-00244817 insulation can be used up to around
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00726-00244817-00245194 1,000 degrees Celsius other concerns
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00727-00245196-00245438 abrasion and chemical resistance also
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00728-00245439-00245834 affect the suitability of materials when
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00729-00245835-00246092 wire insulation disintegrates it can
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00730-00246092-00246290 result in an unintended electrical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00731-00246291-00246512 contact at a different location from the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00732-00246513-00246851 desired sensing point if such a damaged
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00733-00246852-00247061 thermocouple is used in the closed-loop
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00734-00247062-00247265 control of a thermostat or other
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00735-00247266-00247481 temperature controller this can lead to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00736-00247482-00247709 a runaway overheating event and possibly
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00737-00247710-00247948 severe damage as the false temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00738-00247950-00248129 reading will typically be lower than the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00739-00248130-00248414 sensing junction temperature failed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00740-00248415-00248648 insulation will also typically out gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00741-00248648-00248911 which can lead to process contamination
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00742-00248912-00249221 for parts of thermocouples used at very
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00743-00249221-00249431 high temperatures or in contamination
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00744-00249432-00249707 sensitive applications the only suitable
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00745-00249708-00249956 insulation may be vacuum or inert gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00746-00249957-00250133 the mechanical rigidity of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00747-00250134-00250367 thermocouple wires is used to keep them
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00748-00250367-00250944 separated
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00749-00250944-00251631 topic table of insulation materials
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00750-00251632-00251877 temperature ratings for installations
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00751-00251878-00252051 may vary based on what the overall
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00752-00252052-00252348 thermocouple construction cable consists
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00753-00252348-00252786 of note t 300 is a new high temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00754-00252787-00252998 material that was recently approved by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00755-00253000-00253287 ole for 300 degrees Celsius operating
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00756-00253288-00253896 temperatures
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00757-00253896-00254498 topic applications
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00758-00254498-00254712 thermocouples are suitable for measuring
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00759-00254713-00254933 over a large temperature range from
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00760-00254934-00255335 minus 270 up to 3000 degrees Celsius for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00761-00255336-00255628 a short time in inert atmosphere
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00762-00255629-00255846 applications include temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00763-00255846-00256046 measurement for kilns gas turbine
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00764-00256048-00256317 exhaust diesel engines other industrial
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00765-00256317-00256644 processes and fog machines they are less
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00766-00256644-00256863 suitable for applications where smaller
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00767-00256864-00257057 temperature differences need to be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00768-00257058-00257289 measured with high accuracy for example
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00769-00257290-00257598 the range 0 to 100 degrees Celsius with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00770-00257598-00258005 0.1 degrees Celsius accuracy for such
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00771-00258006-00258276 applications thermistors silicon bandgap
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00772-00258277-00258485 temperature census and resistance
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00773-00258486-00259151 thermometers are more suitable
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00774-00259152-00259715 topic steel industry
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00775-00259716-00260081 type B s R and K thermocouples are used
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00776-00260082-00260258 extensively in the steel and iron
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00777-00260259-00260480 industries to monitor temperatures and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00778-00260481-00260660 chemistry throughout the steelmaking
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00779-00260661-00260821 process
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00780-00260821-00261071 disposable a merciful type s
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00781-00261071-00261284 thermocouples are regularly used in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00782-00261285-00261488 electric arc furnace process to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00783-00261489-00261662 accurately measure the temperature of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00784-00261663-00261959 steel before tapping the cooling curve
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00785-00261960-00262208 of a small steel sample can be analyzed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00786-00262209-00262424 and used to estimate the carbon content
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00787-00262425-00263055 of molten steel
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00788-00263056-00263646 topic gas appliance safety
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00789-00263647-00263931 many gas fed heating appliances such as
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00790-00263932-00264147 ovens and water heaters make use of a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00791-00264148-00264357 pilot flame to ignite the main gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00792-00264358-00264675 burner when required if the pilot flame
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00793-00264676-00264927 goes out unburned gas may be released
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00794-00264928-00265149 which is an explosion risk in a health
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00795-00265150-00265467 hazard to prevent this some appliances
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00796-00265468-00265674 use a thermocouple in a fail-safe
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00797-00265675-00265941 circuit to sense when the pilot light is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00798-00265942-00266229 burning the tip of the thermocouple is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00799-00266230-00266466 placed in the pilot flame generating a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00800-00266467-00266682 voltage which operates the supply valve
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00801-00266683-00267024 which feeds gas to the pilot so long as
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00802-00267025-00267228 the pilot flame remains lit the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00803-00267229-00267465 thermocouple remains hot and the pilot
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00804-00267466-00267786 gas valve is held open if the pilot
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00805-00267787-00267944 light goes out the thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00806-00267945-00268179 temperature falls causing the voltage
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00807-00268180-00268419 across the thermocouple to drop and the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00808-00268420-00268752 valve to close where the probe may be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00809-00268753-00268944 easily placed above the flame a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00810-00268945-00269163 rectifying sensor may often be used
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00811-00269164-00269496 instead with part ceramic construction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00812-00269497-00269712 they may also be known as flame rods
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00813-00269713-00269949 flame sensors or flame detection
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00814-00269950-00270339 electrodes some combined main burner and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00815-00270340-00270591 pilot gas valves mainly by Honeywell
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00816-00270592-00270798 reduce the power demand to within the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00817-00270799-00271062 range of a single Universal thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00818-00271063-00271365 heated by a pilot 25 millivolts open
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00819-00271366-00271587 circuit falling by half with the coil
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00820-00271588-00271950 connected to a 10 to 12 millivolts 0.2
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00821-00271951-00272331 to 0.25 a source typically by sizing the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00822-00272332-00272553 coil to be able to hold the valve open
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00823-00272554-00272769 against a light spring but only after
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00824-00272770-00273006 the initial turning on force is provided
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00825-00273007-00273213 by the user pressing and holding a knob
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00826-00273214-00273423 to compress the spring during lighting
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00827-00273424-00273675 of the pilot these systems are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00828-00273676-00273999 identifiable by V press and hold for X
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00829-00274000-00274272 minutes in the pilot lighting
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00830-00274273-00274497 instructions the holding current
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00831-00274498-00274740 requirement of such a valve is much less
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00832-00274741-00274935 than a bigger solenoid designed for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00833-00274936-00275085 pulling the valve in from a closed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00834-00275086-00275340 position would require special test sets
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00835-00275341-00275559 are made to confirm the valve let go and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00836-00275560-00275760 holding currents because an ordinary
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00837-00275761-00275940 millimeter cannot be used as it
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00838-00275941-00276156 introduces more resistance than the gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00839-00276157-00276495 valve coil apart from testing the open
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00840-00276496-00276711 circuit voltage of the thermocouple and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00841-00276712-00276969 the near short-circuit DC continuity
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00842-00276970-00277023 through the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00843-00277024-00277260 thermocouple gas valve coil the easiest
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00844-00277261-00277509 non-specialists test is substitution of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00845-00277510-00277857 a known good gas valve some systems
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00846-00277858-00278073 known as millivolt control systems
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00847-00278074-00278334 extend the thermocouple concept to both
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00848-00278335-00278556 open and close the main gas valve as
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00849-00278557-00278835 well not only does the voltage created
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00850-00278836-00279090 by the pilot thermocouple activate the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00851-00279091-00279324 pilot gas valve it is also routed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00852-00279325-00279516 through a thermostat to power the main
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00853-00279517-00279846 gas valve as well here a larger voltage
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00854-00279847-00280101 is needed than in a pilot flame safety
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00855-00280102-00280344 system described above and a thermo-pile
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00856-00280345-00280521 a is used rather than a single
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00857-00280522-00280857 thermocouple such a system requires no
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00858-00280858-00281076 external source of electricity for its
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00859-00281077-00281298 operation and thus can operate during a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00860-00281299-00281502 power failure provided that all the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00861-00281503-00281721 other related system components allow
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00862-00281722-00282060 for this this excludes common forced air
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00863-00282061-00282282 furnaces because external electrical
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00864-00282283-00282485 power is required to operate the blower
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00865-00282486-00282660 motor but this feature is especially
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00866-00282661-00282939 useful for unpowered convection heaters
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00867-00282940-00283290 a similar gas shutoff safety mechanism
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00868-00283291-00283484 using a thermocouple is sometimes
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00869-00283485-00283680 employed to ensure that the main burner
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00870-00283681-00283868 ignites within a certain time period
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00871-00283869-00284135 shutting off the main burner gas supply
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00872-00284136-00284445 valve should that not happen out of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00873-00284446-00284640 concern about energy wasted by the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00874-00284641-00284895 standing pilot flame designers of many
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00875-00284896-00285090 newer appliances have switched to an
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00876-00285091-00285294 electronically controlled pilot less
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00877-00285295-00285498 ignition also called intermittent
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00878-00285499-00285809 ignition with no standing pilot flame
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00879-00285810-00286044 there is no risk of gas buildup should
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00880-00286045-00286284 the flame go out so these appliances do
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00881-00286285-00286539 not need thermocouple based pilot safety
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00882-00286540-00286842 switches as these designs lose the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00883-00286843-00287001 benefit of operation without a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00884-00287002-00287172 continuous source of electricity
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00885-00287173-00287445 standing pilots are still used in some
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00886-00287446-00287799 appliances the exception is later model
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00887-00287800-00288234 instantaneous aka tankless water heaters
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00888-00288235-00288444 that use the flow of water to generate
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00889-00288445-00288639 the current required to ignite the gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00890-00288640-00288846 burner these designs also use a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00891-00288847-00289089 thermocouple is a safety cutoff device
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00892-00289090-00289323 in the event the gas fails to ignite or
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00893-00289324-00290002 if the flame is extinguished
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00894-00290003-00290691 topic thermo-pile a radiation sensors
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00895-00290692-00290919 Therma pills are used for measuring the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00896-00290920-00291089 intensity of incident radiation
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00897-00291090-00291327 typically visible or infrared light
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00898-00291328-00291564 which heats the hot junctions while the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00899-00291565-00291876 cold junctions are on a heatsink it is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00900-00291877-00292041 possible to measure radiative
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00901-00292042-00292296 intensities of only a few micro watt per
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00902-00292297-00292488 square centimeter with commercially
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00903-00292489-00292791 available therm appeal a sensors for
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00904-00292792-00293037 example some laser power meters are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00905-00293038-00293226 based on such sensors these are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00906-00293227-00293442 specifically known as thermopile a laser
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00907-00293443-00293793 sensor the principle of operation of a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00908-00293794-00294003 thermo-pile a sensor is distinct from
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00909-00294004-00294225 that of a bolometer as the latter relies
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00910-00294226-00294902 on a change in resistance
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00911-00294903-00295471 topic manufacturing
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00912-00295472-00295708 thermocouples can generally be used in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00913-00295709-00295922 the testing of prototype electrical and
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00914-00295923-00296291 mechanical apparatus for example switch
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00915-00296292-00296504 gear under test for its current carrying
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00916-00296505-00296707 capacity may have thermocouples
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00917-00296708-00296894 installed and monitored during a heat
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00918-00296895-00297140 run test to confirm that the temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00919-00297141-00297344 rise at rated current does not exceed
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00920-00297345-00297954 designed limits
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00921-00297955-00298510 topic power production
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00922-00298511-00298762 a thermocouple can produce current to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00923-00298763-00298972 drive some processes directly without
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00924-00298973-00299200 the need for extra circuitry and power
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00925-00299201-00299560 sources for example the power from a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00926-00299561-00299782 thermocouple can activate a valve when a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00927-00299783-00300073 temperature difference arises the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00928-00300074-00300268 electrical energy generated by a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00929-00300269-00300490 thermocouple is converted from the heat
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00930-00300491-00300697 which must be supplied to the hot side
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00931-00300698-00300969 to maintain the electric potential a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00932-00300970-00301258 continuous transfer of heat is necessary
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00933-00301259-00301429 because the current flowing through the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00934-00301430-00301657 thermocouple tends to cause the hot side
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00935-00301658-00301894 to cool down and the cold side to heat
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00936-00301895-00302263 up the Peltier effect thermocouples can
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00937-00302264-00302464 be connected in series to form a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00938-00302465-00302626 thermo-pile a where all the hot
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00939-00302627-00302812 junctions are exposed to a higher
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00940-00302813-00303031 temperature and all the cold junctions
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00941-00303032-00303346 to a lower temperature the output is the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00942-00303347-00303502 sum of the voltages across the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00943-00303503-00303724 individual junctions giving larger
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00944-00303725-00303994 voltage and power output in a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00945-00303995-00304195 radioisotope thermoelectric generator
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00946-00304196-00304462 the radioactive decay of transuranic
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00947-00304463-00304702 elements as a heat source has been used
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00948-00304703-00304927 to power a spacecraft on missions too
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00949-00304928-00305229 far from the Sun to use solar power
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00950-00305230-00305500 thermopiles heated by kerosene lamps
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00951-00305501-00305695 were used to run battery 'less radio
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00952-00305696-00306028 receivers in isolated areas there are
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00953-00306029-00306238 commercially produced lanterns that use
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00954-00306239-00306427 the heat from a candle to run several
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00955-00306428-00306640 light-emitting diodes and thermo
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00956-00306641-00306877 electrically powered fans to improve air
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00957-00306878-00307114 circulation and heat distribution in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00958-00307115-00307702 wood stoves
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00959-00307703-00308282 topic process plants
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00960-00308283-00308516 chemical production and petroleum
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00961-00308517-00308756 refineries will usually employ computers
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00962-00308757-00308942 for logging and for limit testing the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00963-00308943-00309137 many temperatures associated with a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00964-00309138-00309329 process typically numbering in the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00965-00309330-00309665 hundreds for such cases a number of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00966-00309666-00309869 thermocouple leads will be brought to a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00967-00309870-00310097 common reference block a large block of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00968-00310098-00310262 copper containing the second
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00969-00310263-00310526 thermocouple of each circuit the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00970-00310527-00310709 temperature of the block is in turn
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00971-00310710-00310988 measured by a thermistor simple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00972-00310989-00311207 computations are used to determine the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00973-00311208-00311921 temperature at each measured location
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00974-00311922-00312566 topic thermocouple is vacuum gauge
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00975-00312567-00312839 a thermocouple can be used as a vacuum
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00976-00312840-00313059 gauge over the range of approximately
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00977-00313060-00313487 0.01 to 1 Torr absolute pressure in this
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00978-00313488-00313715 pressure range the mean free path of the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00979-00313716-00313946 gas is comparable to the dimensions of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00980-00313947-00314165 the vacuum chamber and the flow regime
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00981-00314166-00314372 is neither purely viscous nor purely
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00982-00314373-00314687 molecular in this configuration the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00983-00314688-00314900 thermocouple Junction is attached to the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00984-00314901-00315103 center of a short heating wire which is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00985-00315104-00315341 usually energized by a constant current
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00986-00315342-00315614 of about 5 milliamperes and the heat is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00987-00315615-00315835 removed at a rate related to the thermal
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00988-00315836-00316159 conductivity of the gas the temperature
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00989-00316160-00316412 detected at the thermocouple Junction
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00990-00316413-00316619 depends on the thermal conductivity of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00991-00316620-00316847 the surrounding gas which depends on the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00992-00316848-00317128 pressure of the gas the potential
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00993-00317129-00317348 difference measured by a thermocouple is
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00994-00317349-00317533 proportional to the square of pressure
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00995-00317534-00317860 over the low to medium vacuum range at
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00996-00317861-00318085 higher viscous flow and lower molecular
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00997-00318086-00318310 flow pressures the thermal conductivity
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00998-00318311-00318587 of air or any other gas is essentially
+Fn-ooJluMVy-00999-00318588-00318896 independent of pressure the thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01000-00318897-00319112 was first used as a vacuum gauge by
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01001-00319113-00319523 Verger in 1906 the mathematical model
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01002-00319524-00319697 for the thermocouple is a vacuum gauge
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01003-00319698-00319970 is quite complicated as explained in
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01004-00319971-00320240 detail by Van Atta but can be simplified
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01005-00320241-00320522 to P
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01006-00320523-00320945 equals be
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01007-00320946-00322416 v2 minus V 0 to V 0 to display style P
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01008-00322417-00322767 equals frac be V carrot to V underscore
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01009-00322768-00323219 0 carrot to V underscore 0 carrot to
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01010-00323220-00323510 where P is the gas pressure B is a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01011-00323511-00323670 constant that depends on the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01012-00323671-00323858 thermocouple temperature the gas
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01013-00323859-00324020 composition and the vacuum chamber
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01014-00324021-00324315 geometry v-0 is the thermocouple voltage
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01015-00324316-00324606 at zero pressure absolute and V is the
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01016-00324607-00324881 voltage indicated by the thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01017-00324882-00325221 the alternative is the Pirani gage which
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01018-00325222-00325413 operates in a similar way over
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01019-00325414-00325610 approximately the same pressure range
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01020-00325611-00325799 but is only a two terminal device
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01021-00325800-00326049 sensing the change in resistance with
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01022-00326050-00326223 temperature of a thin electrically
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01023-00326224-00326406 heated wire rather than using a
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01024-00326407-00327007 thermocouple
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01025-00327008-00327564 topic see also
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01026-00327565-00328089 heat flux sensor bolometer Giuseppe
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01027-00328090-00328523 Domenico Bato resistance thermometer
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01028-00328524-00329031 thermistor thermoelectric power list of
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01029-00329032-00329352 sensors international temperature scale
+Fn-ooJluMVy-01030-00329353-00329952 of 1990 bi-metal mechanical
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00000-00000239-00000375 how about the threat to the united
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00001-00000376-00000591 states most intelligence analysis has
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00002-00000592-00000743 predicted that al qaeda would come back
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00003-00000744-00000950 18 to 24 months
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00004-00000951-00001166 after a withdrawal of american troops is
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00005-00001167-00001383 that analysis now being revised could it
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00006-00001384-00001599 be sooner it could be but george look
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00007-00001600-00001734 here's the deal
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00008-00001735-00001871 al-qaeda
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00009-00001872-00002087 isis they metastasize
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00010-00002088-00002310 there's a significantly greater threat
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00011-00002311-00002567 to the united states from syria there's
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00012-00002568-00002775 a significantly greater threat from east
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00013-00002776-00002958 africa there's significant greater
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00014-00002959-00003238 threat to other places in the world than
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00015-00003239-00003511 it is from the mountains of afghanistan
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00016-00003511-00003695 and we have maintained the ability to
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00017-00003696-00003886 have an over the horizon capability to
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00018-00003887-00004191 take them out we don't have military in
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00019-00004192-00004343 syria to make sure that we're going to
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00020-00004344-00004470 be protected are you confident we're
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00021-00004471-00004679 going to have that in afghanistan yeah
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00022-00004680-00004775 i'm confident we're going to have the
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00023-00004776-00005095 overriding capability yes the deal is
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00024-00005096-00005351 the threat from al qaeda
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00025-00005352-00005638 and their associate organizations is
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00026-00005639-00005815 greater in other parts of the world to
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00027-00005816-00005951 the united states than it is from
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00028-00005952-00006215 afghanistan
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00029-00006216-00006534 here is a fact check about 900 american
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00030-00006536-00006806 troops are stationed in syria as of now
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00031-00006808-00006959 these troops support the syrian
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00032-00006959-00007142 democratic forces who are opposed to the
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00033-00007143-00007406 government of bashar al-assad the sdf
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00034-00007408-00007646 continues to fight isis
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00035-00007647-00007878 so far the u.s has no plans of pulling
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00036-00007879-00008055 the troops out of syria even though
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00037-00008056-00008246 biden has expressed willingness to end
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00038-00008247-00008463 wars that the u.s has been engaged in
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00039-00008464-00008742 for years without a clear objective
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00040-00008743-00008942 former u.s president donald trump had
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00041-00008943-00009246 ordered a withdrawal in syria in 2018
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00042-00009247-00009510 saying the u.s had won against isis
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00043-00009511-00009791 however in 2019 the then commander of
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00044-00009792-00009983 the u.s military had recalled troops
+Goa3Q3D1raM-00045-00009984-00010340 back in syria
+G4mAydOVqlY-00000-00000012-00000308 the wheels of if another science fiction
+G4mAydOVqlY-00001-00000309-00000599 is a 1948 collection of science fiction
+G4mAydOVqlY-00002-00000600-00000821 stories by L Sprague de Kamp first
+G4mAydOVqlY-00003-00000822-00001045 published in hardback by Shasta and in
+G4mAydOVqlY-00004-00001046-00001415 paperback by Berkeley books in 1970 it
+G4mAydOVqlY-00005-00001416-00001721 has also been translated into German all
+G4mAydOVqlY-00006-00001722-00001939 the stories were originally published in
+G4mAydOVqlY-00007-00001941-00002129 the magazines astounding science fiction
+G4mAydOVqlY-00008-00002130-00002733 and unknown
+G4mAydOVqlY-00009-00002734-00003633 topic contents forward the wheels of if
+G4mAydOVqlY-00010-00003634-00003915 Alistair park a prosecutor and local
+G4mAydOVqlY-00011-00003917-00004122 politician is thrown into a parallel
+G4mAydOVqlY-00012-00004123-00004303 universe where due to very minor
+G4mAydOVqlY-00013-00004304-00004465 differences in the course of history
+G4mAydOVqlY-00014-00004466-00004690 North America has been settled by
+G4mAydOVqlY-00015-00004691-00004888 descendants of the Vikings and New York
+G4mAydOVqlY-00016-00004889-00005229 is replaced by new Belfast he endeavors
+G4mAydOVqlY-00017-00005230-00005461 to get back into his own universe using
+G4mAydOVqlY-00018-00005462-00005671 his ingenuity to gain influence in his
+G4mAydOVqlY-00019-00005672-00005931 new surroundings the best laid scheme
+G4mAydOVqlY-00020-00005932-00006220 this parody on other time-travel stories
+G4mAydOVqlY-00021-00006221-00006454 is about a scientist who uses a time
+G4mAydOVqlY-00022-00006455-00006658 travel device to threaten all of North
+G4mAydOVqlY-00023-00006659-00006849 America with destruction through time
+G4mAydOVqlY-00024-00006850-00007090 travel paradoxes and the secret agent
+G4mAydOVqlY-00025-00007091-00007294 attempting to stop him using a copy of
+G4mAydOVqlY-00026-00007295-00007618 the device the warrior race earth has
+G4mAydOVqlY-00027-00007619-00007819 been taken over by the centaurians
+G4mAydOVqlY-00028-00007820-00008041 former humans who came back from space
+G4mAydOVqlY-00029-00008042-00008254 as a supremely ethical and powerful
+G4mAydOVqlY-00030-00008255-00008581 people the heroes in the story aided by
+G4mAydOVqlY-00031-00008582-00008821 an enigmatic historian are mostly trying
+G4mAydOVqlY-00032-00008822-00009007 to salvage their corrupt economic
+G4mAydOVqlY-00033-00009008-00009346 schemes hi purple ah city an apparent
+G4mAydOVqlY-00034-00009347-00009544 plague makes people grow bodily hair
+G4mAydOVqlY-00035-00009545-00009846 similar to that of gorillas two doctors
+G4mAydOVqlY-00036-00009847-00010066 attempt to find a cure while large scale
+G4mAydOVqlY-00037-00010067-00010324 societal changes happen around them the
+G4mAydOVqlY-00038-00010325-00010633 mermen Vernon Brock is a biologist who
+G4mAydOVqlY-00039-00010634-00010828 experiments with turning lungs into
+G4mAydOVqlY-00040-00010829-00011139 gills after accidentally performing the
+G4mAydOVqlY-00041-00011140-00011362 transformation on himself he is stuck
+G4mAydOVqlY-00042-00011363-00011587 underwater unable to communicate an
+G4mAydOVqlY-00043-00011588-00011812 attempt to resolve the situation using
+G4mAydOVqlY-00044-00011813-00012085 his limited knowledge the contraband cow
+G4mAydOVqlY-00045-00012086-00012367 in a future where many states have been
+G4mAydOVqlY-00046-00012368-00012592 united into a democratic state and the
+G4mAydOVqlY-00047-00012593-00012787 numerically superior Hindus are
+G4mAydOVqlY-00048-00012788-00013033 enforcing a ban on bovine meat a young
+G4mAydOVqlY-00049-00013034-00013269 scientist working on in-vitro meat gets
+G4mAydOVqlY-00050-00013270-00013456 into trouble with police and with meat
+G4mAydOVqlY-00051-00013457-00013690 smugglers the gnarly man an
+G4mAydOVqlY-00052-00013691-00014028 anthropologist meets a curious ape-man
+G4mAydOVqlY-00053-00014029-00014311 at a circus who turns out to be a
+G4mAydOVqlY-00054-00014312-00014509 Neanderthal who stopped aging when he
+G4mAydOVqlY-00055-00014510-00014808 was struck by lightning 50,000 years ago
+G4mAydOVqlY-00056-00014809-00015088 struggles over the scientific value and
+G4mAydOVqlY-00057-00015088-00015831 rights of this non-human ensuing
+G4mAydOVqlY-00058-00015832-00016362 topic reception
+G4mAydOVqlY-00059-00016363-00016660 astounding review epi Scylla Miller
+G4mAydOVqlY-00060-00016661-00016870 praised the stories as representative
+G4mAydOVqlY-00061-00016871-00017062 examples of des Campion whimsy and
+G4mAydOVqlY-00062-00017063-00017383 reverse plot twists
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00000-00000017-00000705 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00001-00000706-00001133 how dare your gold I spend my nights all
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00002-00001134-00002080 alone where she's ye sweet and mercy
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00003-00002081-00002630 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00004-00002631-00003013 Wow
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00005-00003014-00005409 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00006-00005410-00006816 I just wanna and
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00007-00006817-00008301 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00008-00008302-00009295 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00009-00009296-00009650 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00010-00009651-00010927 the concept of an enzyme lab
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00011-00010928-00012109 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00012-00012110-00013300 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00013-00013301-00013901 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00014-00013902-00015822 No
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00015-00015824-00016026 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00016-00016027-00017392 you feel
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00017-00017393-00018544 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00018-00018545-00018972 how do your goals I spend my nights all
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00019-00018973-00020109 alone where she's sweet and musty
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00020-00020110-00020450 Sun is going down
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00021-00020451-00020911 [Music]
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00022-00020912-00021105 it's undergoing
+G6S5TcxVnO4-00023-00021106-00022662 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00000-00000000-00000176 foreign
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00002-00006800-00007073 thank you
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00003-00007073-00007200 thank you
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00004-00007201-00008106 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00005-00008108-00008442 thank you
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00006-00008443-00009764 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00007-00009765-00010648 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00009-00015644-00015936 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00010-00015937-00016084 thank you
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00011-00016085-00016319 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00012-00016319-00016566 foreign
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00013-00016567-00017650 [Music]
+G7P4q2Bzxuy-00014-00017651-00017951 foreign
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00000-00000003-00000238 young champion and Mark Lawrenson your
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00001-00000239-00000407 commentary team for this game thanks
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00002-00000408-00000569 Jomo we had a long build-up to tonight's
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00003-00000570-00000713 game and we're all really looking
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00004-00000714-00000821 forward to it
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00005-00000822-00001031 now we're in the second half of the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00006-00001032-00001172 season and they're maintaining their
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00007-00001173-00002115 wonderful
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00008-00002116-00002346 as we get underway a full-throated roar
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00009-00002347-00002595 from the fans two words on their
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00010-00002596-00002975 respective teams well why change a
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00011-00002976-00003063 winning formula
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00012-00003064-00003249 having three strikers up front worked
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00013-00003250-00003399 well for them in the previous match and
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00014-00003400-00004705 they expect to combine well again
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00015-00004706-00006453 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00018-00016328-00017059 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00019-00017060-00018508 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00020-00018509-00018719 boys fumbled it
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00021-00018720-00019417 they have another scoring opportunity
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00022-00019418-00020014 lift it high they're given another
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00023-00020015-00020337 corner
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00024-00020338-00020604 good ball into the near post it's over
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00025-00020605-00021212 but it was close
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00026-00021213-00021633 sorry
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00027-00021634-00021866 here's Paula
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00028-00021867-00022442 clever
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00029-00022443-00022622 still they move the ball around
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00030-00022623-00022838 patiently they're shifting the defenders
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00031-00022839-00023063 around trying to open up a gap and
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00032-00023064-00023725 create room for a shot fine clearance
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00033-00023726-00024011 and we've barely had half of the first
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00034-00024012-00024662 half is set adidas
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00035-00024663-00025017 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00036-00025018-00025299 the possibilities here or just no
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00037-00025300-00025668 accuracy in the shot there there'll be
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00038-00025669-00025800 some heated discussion between the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00039-00025801-00025986 keeper and the defenders after that they
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00040-00025987-00026130 shouldn't let players get through so
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00041-00026131-00026492 easily
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00042-00026493-00027137 diello
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00043-00027138-00027889 agüero clever
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00044-00027891-00028312 Tania
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00045-00028313-00028617 de prize open the defense by switching
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00046-00028618-00028899 to the other side another chance to
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00047-00028900-00029277 cross when to ground but the referee
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00048-00029277-00029714 waves play on
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00049-00029715-00029974 you can pre-kick awarded
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00050-00029975-00030550 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00051-00030551-00031335 Terry secular amis Cristiano Ronaldo
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00052-00031336-00031908 Fernando Torres
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00053-00031910-00032869 agüero Mota maxi rodríguez today there
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00054-00032870-00033869 mater who evolution Luis Garcia good
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00055-00033870-00034013 interception but he better pass it
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00056-00034014-00034246 quickly
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00057-00034247-00035295 Kaka Matta and they've lost it
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00058-00035296-00035886 caki here's a chance a chance and the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00059-00035887-00037218 goalkeeper puts it out for a corner
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00060-00037219-00037756 drifts one in
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00061-00037757-00038089 referee says that tackle is bad there
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00062-00038090-00038999 will be one extra minute
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00063-00039000-00039811 another one here they've won a corner
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00064-00039812-00040078 drives it to the middle and he's having
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00065-00040079-00040206 a go
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00066-00040207-00040507 there's the opener and as so often
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00067-00040508-00040701 happened
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00068-00040702-00041107 they found the opener one-nil it's
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00069-00041108-00041262 always tough for any team to go behind
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00070-00041263-00041452 just before the break the manager will
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00071-00041453-00041611 have a real job on his hands to pick his
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00072-00041612-00042958 players up but he's done it before
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00073-00042959-00043207 so the second half gets underway with
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00074-00043208-00043402 the word salt the two managers still
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00075-00043403-00045693 rigging in the players is
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00077-00053248-00053997 Cristiano Ronaldo Jerrod and pushing
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00078-00053998-00054210 forward again and they have to now there
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00079-00054211-00054366 has to be something from this attack you
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00080-00054366-00054758 feel if they're gonna stay in this match
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00081-00054759-00055128 15 minutes into the second half over
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00082-00055129-00055320 passing the ball neatly the manager may
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00083-00055321-00055485 well want to see a bit more urgency a
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00084-00055486-00056040 bit more penetration today bare and
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00085-00056041-00056845 secular Ramos
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00086-00056846-00057326 here though on the counter it's a very
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00087-00057327-00058992 good block tackle
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00088-00058994-00059332 very promising indeed good save
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00089-00059333-00060890 goalkeeper anticipated it well
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00090-00060891-00061220 they played it short here they come once
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00091-00061221-00061547 more or how many times do we see this
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00092-00061548-00061607 happen
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00093-00061608-00062108 he since it way way over some excellent
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00094-00062109-00062273 bill that play meant he was given a time
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00095-00062274-00062486 and space to have a pot he seemed to
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00096-00062487-00063965 rush the shot though
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00097-00063966-00064216 into the area I don't think anyone
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00098-00064217-00064460 expected that least of all himself he
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00099-00064461-00064826 spurned a glorious chance and it looks
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00100-00064827-00065092 promising
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00101-00065094-00065538 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00102-00065539-00065803 snuffed out the danger
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00103-00065804-00066428 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00104-00066429-00066669 the flag is raised through an offside
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00105-00066670-00068325 it's not the unfortunate
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00106-00068326-00068508 [Music]
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00107-00068509-00068755 let's see how this decision can affect
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00108-00068756-00069076 the outcome of the game
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00109-00069077-00069786 almost 75 minutes on the watch now Mata
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00110-00069787-00070321 tremendous through ball one so close but
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00111-00070322-00070567 just off target it's a good policy to
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00112-00070568-00070684 shoot whenever you can
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00113-00070685-00070882 but that's called finishing need to at
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00114-00070883-00071086 least hit the target and make the keeper
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00115-00071087-00071169 work
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00116-00071170-00071965 here's Marcelo this Robinho
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00117-00071966-00073260 yes Terry his secular ammos his saviola
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00118-00073261-00073783 fires it from distance there it is that
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00119-00073784-00073984 makes it all level here deep into the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00120-00073985-00074212 second half and that will give them the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00121-00074213-00074580 impetus to go all-out for the winner
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00122-00074581-00074920 what an impact he's made has come on and
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00123-00074921-00075457 finds her back on that seconds after the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00124-00075458-00075777 game all square now at 1-1
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00125-00075778-00076066 well the substitution has worked out in
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00126-00076067-00076201 the most positive manner
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00127-00076202-00076366 will this earn him a start in the next
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00128-00076367-00079234 game something he deserves it
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00129-00079235-00079530 and now they try and launch the counter
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00130-00079531-00080448 dealt with a threat well Jerrod
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00131-00080449-00081039 maxi rodríguez lovely Vall Kenny ship
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00132-00081040-00081333 that sails wide at the left coast what a
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00133-00081334-00081717 bad effort though way show me did all
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00134-00081718-00081849 the hard work and then he missed the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00135-00081850-00082605 target looks to change things around
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00136-00082606-00082891 here
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00137-00082892-00083274 sorry
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00138-00083275-00083778 Marcello
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00139-00083779-00084650 wonderfully one there
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00140-00084651-00085008 kaká outcomes the fourth official with
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00141-00085009-00085245 the board signals one extra minute
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00142-00085246-00086168 that's all
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00143-00086169-00086661 possibility he has blown four full time
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00144-00086662-00087084 now the game ends in a draw but the
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00145-00087085-00087245 supporters won't be too disappointed
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00146-00087246-00087516 there was plenty of passion and plenty
+G9fOn6DV1Lg-00147-00087517-00087831 of intensity on display
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00000-00000000-00000615 [Music]
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00001-00000616-00000839 side interview my name is john golden
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00002-00000840-00001119 from sales pop online sales magazine and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00003-00001120-00001519 pipeliner crm joining as usual from san
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00004-00001520-00001751 diego and today i'm delighted to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00005-00001752-00002175 joined by matt edmondson who is in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00006-00002176-00002495 liverpool in the uk how you doing matt
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00007-00002496-00002710 yeah really good really good great to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00008-00002711-00002879 here thanks for having me on the show
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00009-00002880-00003231 john yeah and uh matt is managing
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00010-00003232-00003454 director of orien
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00011-00003455-00003615 and uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00012-00003615-00003822 and what we're going to talk about today
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00013-00003823-00004159 is customer centricity and i like this i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00014-00004160-00004343 like this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00015-00004344-00004599 topic uh math because
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00016-00004600-00004783 i see today like i mean you can if you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00017-00004784-00004927 go to anybody's website you're going to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00018-00004928-00005118 find customers centric
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00019-00005119-00005295 somewhere on it right and i call those
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00020-00005296-00005527 bumper stickers you know everybody yeah
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00021-00005528-00005679 one of those things that came into vogue
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00022-00005680-00005854 oh we put the customer central to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00023-00005855-00006038 everything we're customer centric but
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00024-00006039-00006286 then when you engage with those uh when
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00025-00006287-00006470 you engage with those companies as a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00026-00006472-00006663 customer or whatever you get it you get
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00027-00006664-00006831 a very very different experience and you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00028-00006831-00007103 realize they're not customer-centric um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00029-00007104-00007310 so so let's just start off with with
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00030-00007311-00007519 that concept i mean if you're going to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00031-00007520-00007606 if you're going to try and be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00032-00007608-00007863 customer-centric you actually have to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00033-00007864-00008078 customer-centric as opposed to just put
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00034-00008079-00008271 a bumper sticker up because
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00035-00008272-00008431 then you actually
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00036-00008432-00008607 um you're actually in a worse position
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00037-00008608-00008807 to be honest if you if you say you're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00038-00008808-00009023 something and you're not right
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00039-00009024-00009206 yeah totally i totally agree with that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00040-00009207-00009399 you know margaret thatcher famously said
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00041-00009400-00009583 didn't she that um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00042-00009584-00009703 be you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00043-00009704-00009846 being a leader is a lot like being a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00044-00009847-00010023 lady if you have to tell people you are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00045-00010024-00010199 one then you're not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00046-00010200-00010406 and um and i thought it was a great and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00047-00010407-00010583 it's the same with customer centers you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00048-00010584-00010751 you don't have to tell your customers
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00049-00010752-00010919 that you're customer centric and usually
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00050-00010920-00011103 the first sign that you're not customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00051-00011104-00011342 centric is you put it on your website
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00052-00011343-00011559 we're a customer-led organization which
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00053-00011560-00011814 for most businesses is not actually true
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00054-00011815-00011951 and um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00055-00011952-00012135 a lot of people actually don't believe
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00056-00012136-00012310 it now and you put that on your website
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00057-00012311-00012463 there's some research done by hubspot
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00058-00012464-00012591 recently
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00059-00012592-00012791 and there's an overwhelming percentage
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00060-00012792-00012958 of people when they look at that go
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00061-00012959-00013230 that's just nonsense we don't believe it
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00062-00013231-00013319 and so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00063-00013319-00013551 i do wonder if we do ourselves more harm
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00064-00013552-00013766 than good by trying to pretend to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00065-00013768-00014015 something that we're not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00066-00014016-00014207 yeah i would agree with that because i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00067-00014208-00014383 mean i think you want and i and i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00068-00014384-00014558 this i think this started before the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00069-00014559-00014735 pandemic but i think it's it's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00070-00014736-00015063 accelerated uh during and and uh since
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00071-00015063-00015286 is that i think people are starting to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00072-00015287-00015494 more and more look for
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00073-00015495-00015711 authenticity from the companies they
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00074-00015712-00015935 deal with so if you know so if you say
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00075-00015936-00016047 you're customer-centric be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00076-00016047-00016199 customer-centric then you're authentic
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00077-00016200-00016383 but if you say it and you're not then
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00078-00016384-00016647 you're being inauthentic and and i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00079-00016648-00016758 that's the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00080-00016759-00016919 that's the crux of it i think people are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00081-00016920-00017143 looking for for companies to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00082-00017144-00017350 authentic just do what they say remember
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00083-00017351-00017471 that old uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00084-00017472-00017703 what was it that old ad for run seal
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00085-00017704-00017855 does what it says on the team oh that's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00086-00017856-00018111 what it says on the tip yeah
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00087-00018112-00018358 yeah i think that's what people want
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00088-00018359-00018599 yeah absolutely i think i i totally
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00089-00018600-00018735 agree i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00090-00018736-00018919 being authentic is such a buzz word
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00091-00018920-00019222 isn't it yeah and it's um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00092-00019223-00019367 it's one of those things what does that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00093-00019368-00019511 actually mean well actually if you're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00094-00019512-00019663 not going to be customer-centric being
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00095-00019664-00019839 authentic is not trying to pretend that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00096-00019840-00020014 you are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00097-00020015-00020263 but if being customer-centric is part of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00098-00020264-00020391 your strategy and this part of your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00099-00020392-00020558 focus is part of your dna or your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00100-00020559-00020799 culture and you know part of your values
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00101-00020800-00020878 then
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00102-00020879-00021063 absolutely you should totally do that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00103-00021064-00021255 with everything that you've got do what
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00104-00021256-00021430 it says on the tin
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00105-00021431-00021639 if you like and i guess for me one of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00106-00021640-00021750 the ways that you'll know if you're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00107-00021751-00021943 customer centric is how many repeat
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00108-00021944-00022199 customers you have right
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00109-00022200-00022367 especially when you compare it to your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00110-00022368-00022478 industry
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00111-00022479-00022711 average that's for me
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00112-00022712-00022927 the real sort of you know metric it's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00113-00022928-00023071 like well if i am really good at
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00114-00023072-00023303 customer service if i am really focused
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00115-00023304-00023407 on the customers and they're going to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00116-00023408-00023607 come back time and time again and if
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00117-00023608-00023767 they're not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00118-00023768-00024014 there's a disconnect somewhere
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00119-00024015-00024127 yeah no
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00120-00024128-00024278 absolutely i mean you can see that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00121-00024279-00024455 sometimes in the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00122-00024456-00024686 do you when a customer contacts your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00123-00024687-00024958 customers service or customer support
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00124-00024959-00025127 are you trying to just close the ticket
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00125-00025128-00025239 and get rid of them or you're actually
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00126-00025240-00025391 genuinely trying to figure out what's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00127-00025392-00025558 going on and maybe help them maybe give
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00128-00025559-00025718 them additional information you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00129-00025719-00025911 which is where the customer centricity
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00130-00025912-00026199 piece comes in but let's talk about um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00131-00026200-00026439 so how can you if you decide okay i want
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00132-00026439-00026518 to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00133-00026519-00026758 genuinely customer-centric where are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00134-00026760-00026895 some of the what are some of the ways
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00135-00026895-00027014 you should start or where should you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00136-00027016-00027214 focus
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00137-00027216-00027446 that's a great question john and i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00138-00027447-00027879 the the first place to start um with all
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00139-00027880-00028158 of these things is uh with a piece of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00140-00028160-00028367 advice i think is about 2 000 years old
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00141-00028368-00028487 you know one of these old pieces of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00142-00028488-00028631 advice has just
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00143-00028632-00028790 stood the test of time and that is to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00144-00028791-00028918 treat other people the way that you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00145-00028919-00029102 would want to be treated
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00146-00029104-00029246 and so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00147-00029247-00029431 when it comes to being customer-centric
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00148-00029432-00029670 it's kind of like well how if i was in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00149-00029672-00029902 this exact same situation what would i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00150-00029904-00030118 want to happen right now
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00151-00030119-00030270 and think about
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00152-00030272-00030439 whatever's happening whatever's going on
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00153-00030439-00030614 in your business
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00154-00030616-00030967 from a customer's point of view
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00155-00030968-00031231 and if you can do that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00156-00031232-00031470 you are ninety percent of the way there
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00157-00031472-00031679 there's jimmy there's no real magic
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00158-00031680-00031862 silver bullets or checklists although
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00159-00031863-00032039 i'm sure we could probably create one
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00160-00032039-00032174 and sell it to you for ninety nine
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00161-00032175-00032383 dollars do you mean but it's it's that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00162-00032383-00032502 kind of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00163-00032503-00032695 it's just an old-fashioned principle
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00164-00032695-00032871 just treat people how you would want to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00165-00032872-00033102 be treated in that same situation and if
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00166-00033103-00033383 that becomes your guiding manifesto for
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00167-00033384-00033495 your customer service i think you'll
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00168-00033496-00033759 probably do quite well
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00169-00033760-00033935 yeah and and they they think they're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00170-00033936-00034246 they the the nice thing there is um you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00171-00034247-00034383 know as you say treat people as you want
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00172-00034384-00034551 to be treated because it's a it's a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00173-00034552-00034783 strange phenomenon isn't it like uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00174-00034784-00034935 we're all we're all customers we're all
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00175-00034936-00035118 consumers and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00176-00035119-00035318 we all have good and bad experiences but
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00177-00035319-00035543 sometimes we cross the threshold whether
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00178-00035544-00035799 it's physical or virtual to our company
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00179-00035800-00036015 and suddenly we forget all of that and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00180-00036016-00036255 we start trying to figure out how we can
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00181-00036256-00036479 make things work for us rather than the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00182-00036480-00036599 customer the kind of thing that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00183-00036600-00036790 frustrates us when we deal with other
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00184-00036791-00037046 companies yeah yeah exactly there's a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00185-00037047-00037223 great example of this is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00186-00037224-00037415 when we um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00187-00037416-00037687 when we started our uh business uh an
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00188-00037688-00037943 e-commerce business in 2012 we moved it
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00189-00037944-00038127 from jersey which as you all know john
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00190-00038128-00038295 is a small island off the north coast of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00191-00038296-00038599 france uh not new jersey uh and we we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00192-00038600-00038807 moved it from there to liverpool and we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00193-00038808-00038974 made a massive switch in our business
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00194-00038975-00039239 model we decided that we would move from
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00195-00039240-00039343 being
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00196-00039344-00039455 um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00197-00039456-00039671 very price driven but poor customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00198-00039672-00039839 service to maybe not being as price
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00199-00039840-00040015 sensitive but doing a much better
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00200-00040016-00040230 customer service delivery which meant
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00201-00040231-00040415 our prices actually in reality had to go
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00202-00040416-00040502 up
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00203-00040503-00040839 the first year we made that decision our
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00204-00040840-00040974 sales fell
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00205-00040975-00041190 because our prices had gone up
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00206-00041191-00041430 but the year after and this is where you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00207-00041431-00041639 have to hold on to a little bit of hope
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00208-00041640-00042030 the year after our sales rose by over 20
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00209-00042031-00042246 because that's how long it took for that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00210-00042247-00042423 process to filter through if that makes
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00211-00042424-00042590 sense for that decision to filter
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00212-00042591-00042774 through both from an internal point of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00213-00042775-00043039 view uh but for also for customers to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00214-00043040-00043246 realize this was what was going on that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00215-00043247-00043423 experienced by the customer service and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00216-00043424-00043623 they started to come back and that's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00217-00043624-00043807 when our repeat customer rate started to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00218-00043808-00043974 go through the roof so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00219-00043975-00044262 um yeah it's it's a real
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00220-00044263-00044390 i mean it made a big difference to us as
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00221-00044391-00044527 a business that's why i can sit here and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00222-00044528-00044718 talk about it
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00223-00044719-00044871 yeah so there's a couple of things i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00224-00044872-00045151 mean i want to ask about there but i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00225-00045152-00045239 mean
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00226-00045240-00045399 first and foremost
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00227-00045400-00045607 i agree with you when you do something
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00228-00045608-00045862 like this there's often a dip and that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00229-00045863-00046127 is where you got to hold your nerve
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00230-00046128-00046262 and you got to hold your nerve and make
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00231-00046263-00046455 sure if you if you're firmly committed
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00232-00046456-00046599 and you really believe this is the right
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00233-00046600-00046751 thing to do you got to hold your nerve
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00234-00046752-00046871 during that dip and i think that's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00235-00046872-00047079 sometimes unfortunate people bail too
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00236-00047080-00047223 early
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00237-00047224-00047415 but secondly what are some of the things
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00238-00047416-00047551 that you did
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00239-00047552-00047879 differently um to to create this uh to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00240-00047880-00048102 create this new customer service um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00241-00048103-00048311 orientation
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00242-00048312-00048471 one of the things that we did because we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00243-00048472-00048558 were
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00244-00048559-00048783 an online business um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00245-00048784-00048862 we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00246-00048863-00049167 invested heavily in the staff who were
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00247-00049168-00049446 doing and delivering the uh customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00248-00049447-00049558 service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00249-00049559-00049783 and so you know frontline staff and we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00250-00049784-00049999 said to them listen you're here's the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00251-00050000-00050239 rules for doing customer service you are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00252-00050240-00050407 to give people the kind of service that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00253-00050408-00050567 you would want if you were in the same
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00254-00050568-00050695 situation
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00255-00050696-00050871 and in fact we wrote it in our values in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00256-00050872-00051071 our internal value statement which said
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00257-00051072-00051230 we will give customers the kind of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00258-00051232-00051407 service that we ourselves would like but
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00259-00051408-00051623 rarely encounter which is quite a true
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00260-00051624-00051766 statement i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00261-00051767-00051966 and so there's a classic example is a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00262-00051967-00052126 guy called greg i tell this story often
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00263-00052127-00052294 because it's one of my favorite stories
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00264-00052295-00052438 uh greg
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00265-00052439-00052679 was working for us in customer service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00266-00052679-00052823 and i'm still friends with greg he has
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00267-00052824-00053111 since moved on he is an unbelievably
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00268-00053112-00053254 talented musician but yeah that's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00269-00053255-00053487 another story and greg was working in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00270-00053488-00053647 customer service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00271-00053648-00053926 and a guy called uh me on a monday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00272-00053927-00054047 morning
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00273-00054048-00054287 uh and he said listen he called the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00274-00054288-00054503 office i need to talk to the the ceo i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00275-00054504-00054654 need to talk to the md can i speak to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00276-00054655-00054815 whoever that is please and so i end up
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00277-00054816-00055015 on the phone to this guy how can i thank
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00278-00055016-00055111 you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00279-00055112-00055247 and he said to me i want to tell you a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00280-00055248-00055535 story about greg and i thought okay this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00281-00055536-00055671 can be interesting
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00282-00055672-00055887 he said on thursday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00283-00055888-00056150 i ordered some product from your website
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00284-00056151-00056471 and on friday morning it hadn't arrived
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00285-00056472-00056647 and so i called
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00286-00056648-00056838 your company to see why i had not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00287-00056839-00056966 arrived
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00288-00056967-00057230 and what happened john was this guy had
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00289-00057232-00057503 called up in an absolute storm because
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00290-00057504-00057671 his products hadn't arrived the next day
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00291-00057672-00057838 but he'd not actually ordered the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00292-00057839-00058015 products on next date ordered them on
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00293-00058016-00058191 free delivery which takes three to five
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00294-00058191-00058326 days and we were really clear on the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00295-00058327-00058575 website right so we could have said
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00296-00058576-00058775 hang on a minute but you chose a three
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00297-00058776-00058935 to five day option give us a ring next
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00298-00058936-00059150 wednesday if they still have like
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00299-00059151-00059271 um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00300-00059272-00059447 but greg was like well hang on a minute
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00301-00059448-00059703 can i ask why is this such a problem
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00302-00059704-00059775 uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00303-00059776-00059942 if you don't mind me asking
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00304-00059944-00060087 and he said listen because it was a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00305-00060088-00060326 beauty site that we owned right uh and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00306-00060327-00060519 so it's always unusual when a chap calls
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00307-00060520-00060711 you irate that the product see orders is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00308-00060712-00060823 not all right
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00309-00060824-00060975 and so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00310-00060976-00061103 he um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00311-00061104-00061287 he he said well listen
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00312-00061288-00061535 the re honestly i ordered these and i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00313-00061536-00061663 appreciate this is my mistake but it's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00314-00061664-00061966 my wife's birthday tomorrow
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00315-00061967-00062191 and so greg who was recently married at
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00316-00062191-00062438 this point instantly felt all this man's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00317-00062439-00062526 pain
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00318-00062527-00062775 uh he went oh man you can't miss your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00319-00062776-00062942 wife's birthday that's just banging
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00320-00062944-00063094 that's just not going to go well any
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00321-00063095-00063287 kind of level that's not gonna go well
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00322-00063288-00063559 and so greg was like no problem i will
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00323-00063560-00063966 resend the order out to you uh but i'll
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00324-00063967-00064166 send it out by courier
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00325-00064167-00064391 uh next day saturday morning courier now
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00326-00064391-00064687 at the time when greg did this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00327-00064688-00064847 saturday morning couriers were
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00328-00064848-00065094 incredibly expensive
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00329-00065095-00065271 thing to do
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00330-00065272-00065511 and so here's this guy telling me the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00331-00065512-00065759 story and he said greg sent this out so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00332-00065760-00066006 it arrived by nine o'clock on saturday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00333-00066007-00066111 morning
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00334-00066112-00066375 and not only did it arrive by nine
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00335-00066376-00066638 o'clock i opened the box the chap tells
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00336-00066639-00066926 me and all the stuff inside the box has
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00337-00066927-00067119 already been wrapped up
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00338-00067120-00067326 so greg had gone to the warehouse and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00339-00067327-00067494 he'd got all the parcels he got all the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00340-00067495-00067711 stuff gift wrapped for this chap put it
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00341-00067712-00067903 in a box he'd got everybody in the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00342-00067904-00068175 company to sign a card for his wife
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00343-00068176-00068375 saying happy birthday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00344-00068376-00068550 and i think if memory serves me
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00345-00068551-00068759 correctly he even put a little bit of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00346-00068760-00068855 chocolate
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00347-00068856-00068926 in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00348-00068927-00069199 the box so this guy gets the parcel
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00349-00069200-00069359 before nine o'clock on saturday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00350-00069360-00069575 everything's wrapped there's a card from
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00351-00069576-00069735 jersey and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00352-00069736-00069967 gregor sorted all this out so this guy
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00353-00069968-00070326 is regaling this story to me he is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00354-00070327-00070535 well he honestly he was in tears on the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00355-00070536-00070799 phone just right beside himself at the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00356-00070800-00070919 service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00357-00070920-00071150 uh and i was like
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00358-00071151-00071367 i work to help john right this whole
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00359-00071368-00071631 thing profit-wise i was at a massive
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00360-00071632-00071903 loss yeah i worked out on the profit on
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00361-00071904-00072094 his order how much the extras cost me
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00362-00072095-00072343 not that i cared but i went to greg and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00363-00072344-00072487 because greg could make these decisions
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00364-00072488-00072726 without approval uh up to a certain
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00365-00072727-00072943 value and i said that was amazing and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00366-00072944-00073038 you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00367-00073039-00073311 that that guy became one of our best
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00368-00073312-00073526 ever customers uh in jersey and they
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00369-00073527-00073703 always bought from us time and time
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00370-00073704-00073855 again and so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00371-00073856-00073943 um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00372-00073944-00074062 so yeah i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00373-00074063-00074255 this giving people the service that you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00374-00074256-00074455 would like but rarely encounter i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00375-00074456-00074631 is such a good guiding principle and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00376-00074632-00074806 that's all greg did he was like if i was
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00377-00074807-00075094 in this guy's shoes what would i want
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00378-00075095-00075215 i want to be i want to be able to give
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00379-00075216-00075399 something to my wife and her birthday
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00380-00075400-00075671 right and so he made it happen
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00381-00075672-00075831 yeah yeah you know what doesn't there's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00382-00075832-00075982 a number of things i love about this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00383-00075983-00076206 story but the first thing i wanted to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00384-00076207-00076335 come back
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00385-00076336-00076638 and ask you about is you said he had
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00386-00076639-00076862 he had the authority to do things up to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00387-00076863-00077062 a certain degree and i think this is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00388-00077063-00077287 this is the key piece here
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00389-00077288-00077462 is if you are going to be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00390-00077463-00077638 customer-centric like that you have to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00391-00077639-00077767 trust your people and you have to give
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00392-00077768-00077967 them a certain amount of you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00393-00077968-00078175 limited or whatever autonomy to be able
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00394-00078176-00078447 to make make decisions like so how was
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00395-00078448-00078638 that so was that a deliberate decision
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00396-00078639-00078838 of when you were moving more into this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00397-00078839-00079103 mode deliberate decision to give more
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00398-00079104-00079294 kind of autonomy or power to customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00399-00079295-00079462 service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00400-00079463-00079655 yeah it was i mean we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00401-00079656-00079903 you you're bang on i mean you're totally
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00402-00079904-00080094 right when you say you can't deliver
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00403-00080095-00080303 great customer service if your customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00404-00080304-00080606 service agents are hampered by scripts
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00405-00080607-00080838 and strategies right you just they have
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00406-00080839-00080959 to have a little
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00407-00080960-00081175 leeway they have to have a bit of um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00408-00081176-00081375 autonomy they have to have
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00409-00081376-00081550 some ability to make some decisions
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00410-00081551-00081750 without having to go to somebody else
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00411-00081751-00081918 because that's not customer service i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00412-00081919-00082159 mean we've all experienced that mr and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00413-00082160-00082335 you sit there on the phone and you go
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00414-00082336-00082535 your standard responses
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00415-00082536-00082743 i just want to talk to your boss then
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00416-00082744-00082838 can i just
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00417-00082839-00083055 and as i'm already as a customer getting
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00418-00083056-00083191 really annoyed
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00419-00083192-00083367 and nine times out of ten they didn't
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00420-00083368-00083526 need to talk to greg's boss they didn't
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00421-00083527-00083662 need to talk to me
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00422-00083663-00083935 greg was much better at customer service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00423-00083936-00084094 than i was ever going to be so why would
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00424-00084095-00084335 i not empower him
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00425-00084336-00084526 to do that and i think as long as you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00426-00084527-00084703 hire staff
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00427-00084704-00084918 who are aligned to your corporate values
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00428-00084919-00085167 to your company values who are aware of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00429-00085168-00085399 your culture as a company and are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00430-00085400-00085655 connected to that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00431-00085656-00085903 that's the power of of hiring like that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00432-00085904-00086175 you can give people autonomy without the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00433-00086176-00086335 risk of getting
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00434-00086336-00086511 burned or ripped off or you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00435-00086512-00086838 whatever people's fears is about that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00436-00086839-00087006 yeah yeah no i really love that there's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00437-00087007-00087175 a guy told me a great story recently i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00438-00087176-00087326 can't remember what airline he was on
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00439-00087327-00087462 but uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00440-00087463-00087623 he was uh
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00441-00087624-00087823 he loves french wine they served him
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00442-00087824-00088055 some wine he really liked it he said to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00443-00088056-00088135 the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00444-00088136-00088406 he said to the cabin crew oh um could
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00445-00088407-00088535 you give me the name of that bottle i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00446-00088536-00088735 want to buy some and when they were
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00447-00088736-00088903 landing they just presented them with
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00448-00088904-00089087 the bottle and said yeah this is our
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00449-00089088-00089279 gift to you now it turns out that they
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00450-00089280-00089550 also he found out later they also have
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00451-00089551-00089638 the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00452-00089639-00089903 the leeway to do things up to like 50 or
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00453-00089904-00090094 whatever when you know not all whenever
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00454-00090095-00090255 with their discretion but it's those
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00455-00090256-00090462 kind of things that that's that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00456-00090463-00090638 surprising and i think that's it i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00457-00090639-00090926 we want to be surprised and delighted
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00458-00090927-00091094 yeah absolutely and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00459-00091095-00091279 surprise and delight is such a powerful
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00460-00091280-00091423 thing and it doesn't have to cost a lot
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00461-00091424-00091735 of money um and usually the people who
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00462-00091736-00091999 know how to surprise and delight are the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00463-00092000-00092150 people on the front line not the people
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00464-00092151-00092375 in the boardroom right so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00465-00092376-00092655 um the the lady on the airplane she was
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00466-00092656-00092838 on the front line she knew like i'm just
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00467-00092839-00092935 gonna give this guy bottle of wine
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00468-00092936-00093094 because i can't she knew how to surprise
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00469-00093095-00093262 and delight that customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00470-00093263-00093535 uh which is why empowering you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00471-00093536-00093799 for us we empower we do we did the same
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00472-00093800-00093887 thing
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00473-00093888-00094079 uh with everybody in the warehouse we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00474-00094080-00094255 said to them listen
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00475-00094256-00094462 um we came up with this concept called
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00476-00094463-00094718 smocks which i i think is i still like i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00477-00094719-00094967 still smile every time i say smokes were
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00478-00094968-00095199 was an abbreviation for sexy moments of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00479-00095200-00095359 customer service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00480-00095360-00095623 and um we were like listen smocks
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00481-00095624-00095823 everybody in the company
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00482-00095824-00096047 uh has a budget
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00483-00096048-00096223 which they can spend
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00484-00096224-00096447 uh on smocks and if it's under that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00485-00096448-00096623 budget you never ever have to get
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00486-00096624-00096726 permission
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00487-00096727-00096926 um because we trusted our people to do
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00488-00096927-00097038 the right thing
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00489-00097039-00097223 uh and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00490-00097224-00097374 if it's over that come talk to us and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00491-00097375-00097543 we'll have a conversation about it right
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00492-00097544-00097647 and so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00493-00097648-00097838 there's a there was a lady who worked in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00494-00097839-00098215 our house called nicola who she totally
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00495-00098216-00098415 she she was in the way she started to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00496-00098416-00098606 recognize people that were were ordering
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00497-00098607-00098815 on a regular basis she packed the boxes
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00498-00098816-00099055 she saw the names and so she started to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00499-00099056-00099206 do things like just write handwritten
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00500-00099207-00099350 notes to saying hey it's nicola in the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00501-00099351-00099487 warehouse i've picked your order going i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00502-00099488-00099623 think you've ordered from us a few times
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00503-00099624-00099718 i don't know how many times because i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00504-00099719-00099806 don't have access to all that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00505-00099807-00099918 information
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00506-00099919-00100055 but you know we're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00507-00100056-00100231 we're we're a fun little company just to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00508-00100232-00100447 appreciate you buying from us and um
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00509-00100448-00100735 just to say thanks here's a 20 buck gift
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00510-00100736-00100911 card for starbucks or something like
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00511-00100912-00101143 that you know she'd do that all the time
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00512-00101144-00101374 uh and it was phenomenal you know and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00513-00101375-00101582 the response was great and the customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00514-00101583-00101799 service was great and the customers
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00515-00101800-00101935 just kept
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00516-00101936-00102174 waxing lyrical to me about nicola in the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00517-00102175-00102454 warehouse and it was it was wonderful
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00518-00102455-00102582 yeah and yeah
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00519-00102583-00102806 i love about that story as well is the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00520-00102807-00103047 fact that um it that is really
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00521-00103048-00103247 empowering your whole organization and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00522-00103248-00103439 everybody feeling like they have a part
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00523-00103440-00103630 to play as opposed to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00524-00103631-00103910 in a lot of organizations where
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00525-00103911-00104102 you know maybe sales and marketing are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00526-00104103-00104382 up here maybe the suppliers are down at
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00527-00104383-00104566 the warehouse production fulfillment is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00528-00104567-00104751 over there and never the train shall
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00529-00104752-00104983 meet and and all of that kind of stuff
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00530-00104983-00105199 but i love the way that it is spread out
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00531-00105200-00105366 throughout the company because i mean
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00532-00105367-00105639 the fact is as humans we're always going
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00533-00105640-00105790 to default to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00534-00105791-00105975 the least best experience that we have
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00535-00105976-00106134 doesn't matter how brilliant the rest of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00536-00106135-00106383 the experience is it just has to be one
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00537-00106383-00106599 tiny thing and suddenly because we're
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00538-00106600-00106751 hardwired that way we're like oh this
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00539-00106752-00106902 was a terrible experience and you're not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00540-00106903-00107119 going well one part of it was but that's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00541-00107120-00107278 who we are so i think empowering the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00542-00107279-00107366 whole
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00543-00107367-00107615 company is critical
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00544-00107616-00107943 yeah absolutely and i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00545-00107944-00108119 i think you've got to remember right i'm
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00546-00108120-00108310 the guy i'm the guy in the boardroom i'm
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00547-00108311-00108478 the guy in the office who is the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00548-00108479-00108719 furthest away from the customer in in a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00549-00108720-00108934 lot of ways right yeah and i'm not
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00550-00108935-00109158 dealing with them on a day-to-day basis
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00551-00109159-00109447 so why should i be the one which
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00552-00109448-00109678 which makes all the calls about customer
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00553-00109679-00109790 service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00554-00109791-00109943 your customers don't and it's not like
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00555-00109944-00110095 your customers just interact with one
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00556-00110096-00110263 person certainly in our business
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00557-00110264-00110447 customers were involved with just about
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00558-00110448-00110599 everybody you know everybody in our
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00559-00110600-00110839 business was involved in some
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00560-00110840-00111110 some kind of logistics or some kind of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00561-00111111-00111271 experience that the customer was going
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00562-00111272-00111423 to have
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00563-00111424-00111590 i needed to empower anybody in that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00564-00111591-00111831 chain you know so anybody that had any
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00565-00111832-00111975 kind of connection with a customer i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00566-00111976-00112134 needed to empower so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00567-00112135-00112302 even the delivery guys i mean they work
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00568-00112303-00112510 for somebody else's company so you know
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00569-00112511-00112695 the raw mail guys or whatever
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00570-00112696-00112910 you know what we were we looked on those
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00571-00112911-00113119 guys we were we were generous with those
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00572-00113120-00113278 guys we gave them stuff whenever we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00573-00113279-00113423 could they take freebies from the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00574-00113424-00113631 website we why do we do that well
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00575-00113632-00113790 because we want them on our site we want
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00576-00113791-00113927 them to turn up every day to pick the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00577-00113928-00114166 stuff up right because it has an impact
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00578-00114167-00114415 on whether our customers are happy so
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00579-00114416-00114615 uh yeah everybody in that involved in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00580-00114616-00114790 that process at some point is going to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00581-00114791-00114943 have some connection with one of your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00582-00114944-00115078 customers you're marketing guys on
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00583-00115079-00115247 social media they're having connections
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00584-00115248-00115415 with your customers
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00585-00115416-00115654 so you've got to empower them i think
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00586-00115655-00115975 yeah i know i i 100 and i love the way
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00587-00115976-00116231 your company has has done this and those
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00588-00116232-00116423 stories are great because it really does
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00589-00116424-00116510 show
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00590-00116511-00116678 that it's looking looking at the
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00591-00116679-00116910 customers as humans and relating to them
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00592-00116911-00117151 as human beings which is what we all are
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00593-00117152-00117351 at the end of the day um because
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00594-00117352-00117583 definitely things were and still to some
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00595-00117583-00117815 degree things are going in the direction
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00596-00117816-00117902 of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00597-00117903-00118054 where people like to hide behind
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00598-00118055-00118263 technology rather than use technology as
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00599-00118264-00118527 an enabler and as a way to you know to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00600-00118528-00118758 free you up to build those relationships
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00601-00118759-00118983 it's something to hide behind and i love
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00602-00118983-00119127 i love the stories i love everything
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00603-00119128-00119271 you've shared today matt it's been
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00604-00119272-00119399 fantastic
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00605-00119400-00119558 um all of matt's information is going to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00606-00119559-00119727 be below this video but before we go
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00607-00119728-00120047 please do tell us more about you and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00608-00120048-00120263 orient i got that right didn't i
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00609-00120264-00120454 okay you did it's like i said before we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00610-00120455-00120663 hit the record button uh when we decided
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00611-00120664-00120807 to name the company we thought let's go
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00612-00120808-00120966 get one of those words that people can't
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00613-00120967-00121119 spell and people can't pronounce
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00614-00121120-00121239 whenever they see it written down
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00615-00121240-00121431 because why would we make it easy you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00616-00121432-00121719 know uh yeah no so orion's the company
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00617-00121720-00121910 i'm involved in which i just absolutely
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00618-00121911-00122071 love it's all about e-commerce
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00619-00122072-00122351 everything we do is around e-commerce we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00620-00122352-00122558 we have i have an e-commerce podcast we
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00621-00122559-00122790 have a done-for-you e-commerce service
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00622-00122791-00123119 uh we do we just we just love what we do
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00623-00123120-00123327 if i'm honest with you john from a
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00624-00123328-00123534 warehouse in sunny liverpool which is
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00625-00123535-00123751 just it's just great fun you know i kind
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00626-00123752-00123943 of have to pinch myself every day it's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00627-00123944-00124207 uh it's just we got great people magic
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00628-00124208-00124351 people actually
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00629-00124352-00124607 uh so yeah that's that's what we do
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00630-00124608-00124751 anything to do with e-commerce and if
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00631-00124752-00124886 anyone wants to reach out i'd love to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00632-00124888-00125054 hear from you you can
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00633-00125055-00125183 uh get a hold of me at matt
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00634-00125183-00125375 edmondson.com the website everything
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00635-00125376-00125566 about me is there so uh social media
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00636-00125567-00125702 links all that sort of stuff be great to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00637-00125703-00125823 connect
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00638-00125824-00125983 yeah fantastic like i said all that
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00639-00125983-00126119 information will be
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00640-00126120-00126295 below this video so listen thanks again
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00641-00126296-00126439 matt thanks uh for sharing your
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00642-00126440-00126583 perspectives i love that i mean there's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00643-00126583-00126790 a lot of takeaways here for people you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00644-00126791-00127063 can see um to be truly customer-centric
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00645-00127064-00127263 yet it takes some work but at the end of
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00646-00127264-00127534 the day it starts with a real commitment
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00647-00127535-00127743 and a culture that wants to wants to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00648-00127744-00127854 help people
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00649-00127855-00128014 yeah it does people are people in
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00650-00128015-00128175 customer service who actually want to
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00651-00128176-00128399 help customers there's a yeah absolutely
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00652-00128400-00128558 there's a concept
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00653-00128559-00128878 okay um as i said revolutionary it's
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00654-00128879-00129102 revolutionary change the world yeah yeah
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00655-00129103-00129207 exactly
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00656-00129208-00129343 all right well listen thank you matt
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00657-00129344-00129471 thank you for watching and listening and
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00658-00129472-00129702 i'll see you all again soon thank you
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00659-00129703-00130096 thanks
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00660-00130097-00130799 [Music]
+GrK_PioE7Fk-00661-00130800-00131008 you
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00000-00000176-00000407 [Music]
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00001-00000408-00000567 my name is naomi
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00002-00000568-00000743 i'm the head of versioning at fundawanda
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00003-00000744-00000878 as well as a researcher
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00004-00000880-00001047 at recep at the university of
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00005-00001048-00001191 stutterbosch
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00006-00001192-00001350 i'll be joining you in march for the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00007-00001351-00001582 e-learning week in belgium brussels
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00008-00001583-00001751 my talk will be looking at four
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00009-00001752-00001982 components of what funda wonders is
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00010-00001984-00002095 currently doing
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00011-00002096-00002239 that's the materials that's the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00012-00002240-00002423 intervention and that's the research
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00013-00002424-00002495 element
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00014-00002496-00002710 and as well as the numeracy component in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00015-00002711-00002863 multilingual context
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00016-00002864-00003191 fundawander is a recently registered
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00017-00003192-00003431 mpc we work in the early reading
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00018-00003432-00003670 literacy space in south africa
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00019-00003671-00003903 particularly in developing reading for
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00020-00003904-00004327 meaning for kids from grade one to three
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00021-00004328-00004686 fonda one day main mandate is to teach
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00022-00004687-00004879 teachers how to teach reading in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00023-00004880-00005047 specifically in african languages
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00024-00005048-00005231 as you may know or may not know that in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00025-00005232-00005351 south africa we're living in a
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00026-00005352-00005502 multilingual context
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00027-00005503-00005727 up to 11 official languages and even
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00028-00005728-00005902 more that are not official
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00029-00005903-00006175 so basically what we have done at
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00030-00006176-00006295 fundawande is
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00031-00006296-00006486 we have developed a program that has
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00032-00006487-00006670 about four or five components
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00033-00006672-00006887 the first program or the first component
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00034-00006888-00006983 is
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00035-00006984-00007310 the lesson plans the second component is
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00036-00007311-00007534 the multimedia videos which accompany
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00037-00007536-00007670 the lesson plans
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00038-00007672-00007919 and then the third component is we also
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00039-00007920-00008063 have booklets that are accompanying our
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00040-00008064-00008151 lesson plans
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00041-00008152-00008303 and then the fourth component of
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00042-00008304-00008535 funowande is the rhodes course
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00043-00008536-00008727 now this rhodes course is meant to
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00044-00008728-00008878 address
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00045-00008879-00009127 the point of historically teachers in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00046-00009128-00009391 south africa didn't have the same
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00047-00009392-00009531 teacher training
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00048-00009532-00009735 [Applause]
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00049-00009736-00009967 so the fifth component in fundawanda are
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00050-00009968-00010071 the anthologies
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00051-00010072-00010303 now the anthologies were a series of
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00052-00010304-00010463 books that were developed by
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00053-00010464-00010703 maltino called the vula bulla series
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00054-00010704-00010887 usually these books were printed in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00055-00010888-00010959 small
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00056-00010960-00011191 as the titles but what we have done
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00057-00011192-00011414 because of costs constraints
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00058-00011415-00011599 generally in the fiscal budget of south
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00059-00011600-00011806 africa we've managed to compile this
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00060-00011807-00011838 book
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00061-00011839-00012046 into one anthologies which makes the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00062-00012047-00012263 printing of each book up to 25
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00063-00012264-00012431 grand and these books are available in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00064-00012432-00012883 grade 1 2 and 3.
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00065-00012884-00013622 [Music]
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00066-00013623-00013903 in south africa or i think in general
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00067-00013904-00014127 globally that in the early grade or
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00068-00014128-00014255 subjects are mainly
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00069-00014256-00014486 divided into three it's your languages
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00070-00014487-00014655 it's your numeracy and as well as
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00071-00014656-00014822 life skills so when we started
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00072-00014823-00014999 developing vundewande reading for
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00073-00015000-00015055 meaning
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00074-00015056-00015255 for the foundation phase teachers the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00075-00015256-00015479 response was this is great it's good
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00076-00015480-00015903 the videos the lesson plans
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00077-00015904-00016071 but we're also not just language
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00078-00016072-00016230 teachers but we're also mathematics
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00079-00016231-00016311 teachers
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00080-00016312-00016503 so through pressure from teachers and
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00081-00016504-00016711 engaging with stakeholders we realize
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00082-00016712-00016855 that in foundation phase we need to
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00083-00016856-00016911 address
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00084-00016912-00017199 all three main learning areas hence the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00085-00017200-00018814 birth of balawande
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00086-00018815-00019094 so balawande it is bilingual yet again
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00087-00019095-00019683 addressing the whole multilingual
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00088-00019684-00019975 context
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00089-00019976-00020119 so the main aim of that is that
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00090-00020120-00020367 critiques and literature shows that
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00091-00020368-00020663 a lot of concepts in african languages
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00092-00020664-00020919 for mathematics are not available
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00093-00020920-00021183 kids are expected to do maths in english
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00094-00021184-00021335 from grade 4 onwards
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00095-00021336-00021591 so the idea of doing a gradual release
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00096-00021592-00021830 of this bilingual
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00097-00021831-00022086 workbook or material is that kids can
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00098-00022087-00022286 start grasping these mathematical terms
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00099-00022287-00022391 that they will need
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00100-00022392-00022543 when they are doing maths from grade 4
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00101-00022544-00022855 to grade 12.
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00102-00022856-00023183 we started an intervention in an rct
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00103-00023184-00023399 in eastern cape where we're working with
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00104-00023400-00023503 30 schools
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00105-00023504-00023678 in total with the controlled schools and
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00106-00023679-00023990 60 schools
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00107-00023991-00024407 [Music]
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00108-00024408-00024686 there we've got eight coaches that go in
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00109-00024687-00024878 and each coach has been allocated five
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00110-00024879-00024942 schools
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00111-00024943-00025158 and they go and visit teachers once a
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00112-00025159-00025335 week these are teachers from grade one
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00113-00025336-00025414 to three
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00114-00025415-00025662 they are using our fundawonder materials
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00115-00025663-00025799 and basically to try
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00116-00025800-00026087 and coach teachers how to teach reading
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00117-00026088-00026167 for meaning
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00118-00026168-00026343 and this year we've launched another
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00119-00026344-00026543 pilot in limpopo problems
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00120-00026544-00026743 specifically for sibeliu for now the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00121-00026744-00026918 interesting and exciting part about this
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00122-00026919-00027070 intervention is that it's not only we
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00123-00027072-00027239 have the fundawanda components
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00124-00027239-00027423 but we're going to also have a library
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00125-00027424-00027599 component and as well as a teacher
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00126-00027600-00027807 assistant component to see
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00127-00027808-00028023 in these big classrooms which you
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00128-00028024-00028239 typically find in south africa
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00129-00028239-00028446 what are the factors that could help
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00130-00028447-00028679 kids or can steer kids towards
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00131-00028680-00029646 good comprehension levels
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00132-00029647-00029807 so one of our biggest thing in front of
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00133-00029808-00030087 one is to allow the language speakers to
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00134-00030088-00030151 lead
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00135-00030152-00030455 the material developments in that way we
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00136-00030456-00030567 allow people to bring
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00137-00030568-00030799 their own identity and their own
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00138-00030800-00030958 aesthetic of the language and the
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00139-00030960-00031055 culture
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00140-00031056-00031190 but when you do walk into those
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00141-00031191-00031399 classrooms and teachers engage with us
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00142-00031400-00031567 and we get feedback and critique
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00143-00031568-00031735 with the material and the lesson plans
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00144-00031736-00031951 and them starting to understand these
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00145-00031952-00032023 concepts
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00146-00032024-00032231 anything to them that makes sense and
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00147-00032232-00032351 anything to them that is
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00148-00032352-00032670 easy and it flows and improves their
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00149-00032672-00032871 teaching practices teachers are open to
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00150-00032872-00032911 it
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00151-00032912-00033055 and they will take it and they will run
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00152-00033056-00033122 with it
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00153-00033123-00033335 [Music]
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00154-00033336-00033646 we are now pushed and we are
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00155-00033647-00033935 excited and we are ready to expand for
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00156-00033936-00034071 no wonder in all
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00157-00034072-00034255 the official african languages in south
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00158-00034256-00034390 africa english
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00159-00034391-00035759 diabolis is belgium in march
+Gsn4jil7k8c-00160-00035760-00035968 you
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00000-00000003-00000188 the Texas Tech Red Raiders and Lady
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00001-00000189-00000367 Raiders are the athletic teams that
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00002-00000368-00000665 represent Texas Tech University the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00003-00000666-00000869 women's basketball team uses the name
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00004-00000869-00001058 Lady Raiders while the school's other
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00005-00001059-00001254 women's teams use the Red Raiders name
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00006-00001255-00001574 the university's athletic program filled
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00007-00001575-00001852 17 varsity teams in 11 sports all of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00008-00001853-00002059 whom have combined to win 70 conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00009-00002060-00002260 championships as well as four national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00010-00002261-00002531 championships The Masked Rider and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00011-00002532-00002692 Raider red serve as the mascots
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00012-00002693-00002875 representing the teams and the school
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00013-00002876-00003170 colors are scarlet and black Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00014-00003171-00003361 participates in the n-c-double-a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00015-00003363-00003545 division 1 and is a founding member of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00016-00003546-00003922 the big 12 conference from 1932 until
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00017-00003922-00004193 1956 the university belonged to the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00018-00004194-00004345 border into Collegiate Athletic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00019-00004346-00004645 Association Texas Tech was admitted to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00020-00004646-00004867 the Southwest Conference on May 12th
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00021-00004868-00005165 1956 when the Southwest Conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00022-00005166-00005510 disbanded in 1995 Texas Tech along with
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00023-00005511-00005741 the University of Texas at Austin Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00024-00005742-00005986 A&M University and Baylor University
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00025-00005987-00006167 joined with all eight former members of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00026-00006168-00006365 the big 8 conference to form the big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00027-00006366-00006634 conference the university's athletic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00028-00006636-00006856 director is college football playoff
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00029-00006858-00007060 committee representative Kirby Hoke at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00030-00007061-00007360 Bob Knight the most victorious coach in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00031-00007361-00007531 men's Division one basketball history
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00032-00007533-00007720 coached the Red Raiders men's basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00033-00007722-00008162 team from 2001 to 2008 following Bob
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00034-00008163-00008444 Knight's retirement in 2008 his son Pat
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00035-00008445-00008732 Knight assumed head coaching duties the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00036-00008733-00008927 Red Raiders football team which has been
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00037-00008928-00009206 coached by Mike Leach from 2000 to 2009
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00038-00009207-00009452 is a member of the NCAA Football Bowl
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00039-00009453-00009680 Subdivision and has appeared in the 19th
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00040-00009681-00009938 most bowl games of any team Tommy
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00041-00009939-00010184 Tuberville was named head coach in 2010
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00042-00010185-00010367 following the firing of Mike Leach and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00043-00010368-00010567 remained in the position until 2012
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00044-00010568-00010835 before resigning he was replaced by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00045-00010836-00011024 former Texas Tech quarterback Kliff
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00046-00011025-00011467 Kingsbury in 2013 in 1993 led by coach
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00047-00011468-00011624 Marshall sharp the Lady Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00048-00011625-00011845 basketball team won the NC double-a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00049-00011846-00012026 women's basketball championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00050-00012027-00012353 following sharps retirement in 2006
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00051-00012354-00012548 Christy curry was named Lady Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00052-00012549-00012838 head coach red raiders baseball coach
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00053-00012839-00013036 larry hayes who is one of only four
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00054-00013037-00013265 coaches in NC double-a baseball history
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00055-00013266-00013382 to win 1,000
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00056-00013383-00014178 500 career games retired in 2008
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00057-00014179-00014699 topic history
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00058-00014700-00015080 on February 24 1925 an article published
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00059-00015081-00015216 in the Fort Worth star-telegram
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00060-00015218-00015463 suggested texif let ik teams be called
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00061-00015465-00015830 the doggies explaining that a doggie is
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00062-00015831-00016046 a calf whose mother died and is forced
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00063-00016047-00016363 to look out for itself and if ever
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00064-00016365-00016580 anything had to rustle for itself it was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00065-00016581-00017252 West Texas and Tech College
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00066-00017253-00018193 Topic varsity sports
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00067-00018194-00018705 topic baseball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00068-00018706-00018892 behind football and men's basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00069-00018893-00019153 baseball is the third-oldest sport at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00070-00019154-00019458 Texas Tech the initial team organized in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00071-00019459-00019725 1925 in the first game an eighteen to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00072-00019726-00019911 nine victories over West Texas State
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00073-00019912-00020250 Teachers College was played in 1926 in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00074-00020251-00020458 the following game the team suffered its
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00075-00020459-00020706 first ever loss 14 to 9 to the team it
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00076-00020707-00020986 had previously defeated the third game
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00077-00020987-00021225 in the teams history this one against
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00078-00021226-00021466 Daniel Baker College ended in a three to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00079-00021467-00021639 three tie after 11 innings
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00080-00021640-00021834 ey Freeland was the first coach of the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00081-00021835-00022014 Red Raiders though the team was known as
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00082-00022015-00022287 the Matadors at the time he remained in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00083-00022288-00022467 the position for three years before our
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00084-00022468-00022692 Grady Higginbottom took the role
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00085-00022693-00022930 Higginbottom coached for only two years
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00086-00022931-00023340 from 1930 to 1953 Tech did not field an
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00087-00023341-00023605 intercollegiate baseball team when the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00088-00023606-00023883 program returned in 1954 Beatty feathers
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00089-00023884-00024052 became the head coach of the Red Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00090-00024053-00024400 and remained until 1960 he was followed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00091-00024401-00024839 by burl Huffman 1961 to 1967 Cal Segrest
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00092-00024840-00025269 1968 to 1983 and Gary ashbey 1984 to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00093-00025270-00025600 1986 upon ashbey's departure
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00094-00025601-00025780 Larry Hays became the head coach of the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00095-00025781-00026112 team Texas Tech's baseball team plays at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00096-00026113-00026340 Dan lore field a trip Griffin Park and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00097-00026341-00026620 is coached by Dan Spencer Larry Hayes
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00098-00026620-00026820 had been the Red Raiders head coach for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00099-00026822-00027043 the previous 22 years and accumulated
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00100-00027044-00027393 over 800 wins with Texas Tech on April
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00101-00027394-00027645 2nd 2008 Hayes became just the fourth
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00102-00027647-00027895 coach in NC double-a baseball history to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00103-00027895-00028276 win 1500 career games the Red Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00104-00028277-00028600 first-ever win came on April 5th 1926
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00105-00028601-00028836 against New Mexico Military Institute
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00106-00028837-00029155 during the 1990s Tech players dream
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00107-00029156-00029424 motifs from 17 big-league organizations
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00108-00029425-00029670 to Red Raiders were selected in the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00109-00029672-00029854 second round one each in the third
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00110-00029855-00030283 fourth and fifth rounds as of 2002 16
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00111-00030283-00030448 former Tech players have appeared in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00112-00030449-00030556 Major League Baseball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00113-00030557-00030727 Larry Hayes took over the Red Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00114-00030727-00031132 baseball team in 1987 under Hayes Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00115-00031133-00031365 Tech injured only two losing seasons his
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00116-00031366-00031545 first and last and enjoyed their
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00117-00031546-00031833 greatest success in baseball Hayes took
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00118-00031834-00032023 tech from having a losing tradition to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00119-00032024-00032098 being a national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00120-00032099-00032368 contender whenhe started with the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00121-00032369-00032587 Raiders the team's overall record stood
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00122-00032588-00033106 at 552 576 by the time he left he was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00123-00033107-00033283 the fourth winningest coaches college
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00124-00033284-00033448 baseball history and the team's record
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00125-00033449-00034066 had improved to 1365 to 1054 -9 the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00126-00034067-00034249 Raiders reached eight straight NC
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00127-00034250-00034591 double-a tournaments from 1995 to 2002
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00128-00034592-00034837 and again in 2004 three of which were
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00129-00034838-00035131 held at Dan lore field they also won two
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00130-00035132-00035434 conference championships in 1995 while
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00131-00035435-00035617 still in the Southwest Conference and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00132-00035618-00035878 1997 and two conference tournament
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00133-00035879-00036220 championships in 1996 and 1998 the team
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00134-00036221-00036433 is currently coached by Tim Tadlock who
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00135-00036434-00036616 was hired as associate head coach for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00136-00036617-00036877 the Red Raiders under Dan Spencer the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00137-00036878-00037078 following season saw Tadlock replace
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00138-00037079-00037285 Spencer as the 9th head coach of the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00139-00037286-00037567 Raiders following Spencer's firing tad
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00140-00037568-00037774 locks first season saw the team finished
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00141-00037775-00038032 26 to 30 and eight of nine in big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00142-00038033-00038383 play prior to the 2014 season the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00143-00038384-00038545 Raiders were selected to finish in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00144-00038546-00038746 eighth place in the big 12 conference in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00145-00038747-00039037 the preseason polls in only his second
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00146-00039038-00039265 season the Red Raiders won the first NC
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00147-00039266-00039409 double-a tournament regional
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00148-00039410-00039595 championship defeating the Columbia
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00149-00039596-00039823 Lions and host team Miami Hurricanes to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00150-00039824-00040018 advance to the program's first super
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00151-00040019-00040306 regional appearance the team would host
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00152-00040307-00040483 the College of Charleston in the super
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00153-00040484-00040648 regional round before shutting him out
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00154-00040649-00040858 twice in two one-two-zero games earning
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00155-00040859-00041056 the program's first berth in the College
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00156-00041057-00041308 World Series on the back of a 0.65
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00157-00041309-00041506 postseason earned run average produced
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00158-00041507-00041665 by assistant coach ray Hayward's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00159-00041666-00042130 pitching staff six topic cross-country
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00160-00042131-00042286 and track and field Texas Tech's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00161-00042287-00042481 cross-country and indoor outdoor track
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00162-00042482-00042667 and field teams are coached by Wes kit
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00163-00042668-00042958 Lee under his leadership the program has
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00164-00042959-00043273 reached new heights at the 2005 outdoor
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00165-00043274-00043549 national championships Tech qualified 31
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00166-00043550-00043741 men's and women's athletes more than any
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00167-00043742-00043996 other school in the country under kit
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00168-00043997-00044212 Lee's tutelage Texas Tech has produced
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00169-00044213-00044431 16 national champions seven Olympic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00170-00044432-00044701 medalists over 200 all-americans and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00171-00044702-00044887 over one hundred and nineteen big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00172-00044888-00045235 champions from 1990 to 2006 the men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00173-00045236-00045439 team garnered 91 all-america
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00174-00045440-00045699 Awards 20 big 12 championships and one
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00175-00045700-00045973 individual national title in the same
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00176-00045974-00046201 time period the women's team won 32
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00177-00046202-00046440 all-america awards 29 big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00178-00046441-00046645 championships and five individual
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00179-00046646-00047005 national titles during the 2007 oh eight
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00180-00047006-00047187 season the women had another strong
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00181-00047188-00047395 showing behind sally cap ago who won
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00182-00047396-00047565 four individual national titles
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00183-00047566-00047764 cross-country indoor three thousand
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00184-00047765-00047974 meters and five thousand meters outdoor
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00185-00047975-00048177 ten thousand meters and placed second in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00186-00048178-00048343 her bid for a fifth title in one
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00187-00048344-00048685 academic year outdoor 5000 meters Kippy
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00188-00048686-00048880 hago added three more national titles
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00189-00048881-00049084 cross-country indoor five thousand
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00190-00049085-00049302 meters outdoor five thousand meters and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00191-00049303-00049615 one more second place win outdoor 1500
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00192-00049616-00049893 meters during the 2007 oh eight season
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00193-00049894-00050164 under Kip egos leadership the women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00194-00050165-00050430 team captured its first title in 2008
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00195-00050431-00050656 their success was followed by another
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00196-00050657-00050952 national championship appearance in 2009
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00197-00050953-00051193 in 2010 Kennedy cathica followed up on
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00198-00051194-00051366 the prior success of the program by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00199-00051367-00051552 winning the 2012 NC double-a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00200-00051553-00051741 cross-country championship being the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00201-00051742-00052029 first in the men's program to do so for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00202-00052030-00052221 his accomplishments cathica was named
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00203-00052222-00052438 the 2012 national male athlete of the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00204-00052439-00052725 year for cross country in 2015
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00205-00052726-00052960 n-c-double-a division won indoor track
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00206-00052961-00053176 and field championships jacory and our
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00207-00053177-00053374 field in Bradley Adkins won first and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00208-00053375-00053557 second place respectively in the high
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00209-00053558-00053844 jump event the men's team has won two
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00210-00053845-00054201 big 12 champions 2005 2014 and the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00211-00054202-00054535 women's teams has won three 2008 2009
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00212-00054536-00055127 2010
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00213-00055128-00055792 topic football the Red Raiders football
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00214-00055794-00055985 team is a member of the n-c-double-a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00215-00055986-00056198 Football Bowl Subdivision formerly known
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00216-00056199-00056498 as Division one a Texas Tech played its
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00217-00056499-00056696 first intercollegiate football game on
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00218-00056697-00057083 October 3rd 1925 the contest against
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00219-00057084-00057280 McMurry University ended in a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00220-00057282-00057626 controversial 0 to 0 tie Tech selsun
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00221-00057627-00057776 Archibald seemed to have kicked a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00222-00057777-00057989 game-winning 20-yard field goal but the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00223-00057990-00058145 referee ruled that the clock had run out
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00224-00058146-00058412 before the score it was later reported
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00225-00058413-00058604 that the referee made the call to get
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00226-00058604-00058769 revenge because he wanted to be the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00227-00058770-00058952 team's first head coach but the job was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00228-00058953-00059185 instead given to Ewing wife Freeland
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00229-00059186-00059513 threw the 2015 season the Texas Tech Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00230-00059514-00059779 Raiders eeeem has a master five five one
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00231-00059780-00060026 four two nine three to record in 91
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00232-00060027-00060614 seasons 1925 to 2015 in 1932 the program
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00233-00060615-00060764 joined the border into Collegiate
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00234-00060765-00061058 Athletic Association five years later
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00235-00061059-00061219 the team won its first conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00236-00061220-00061445 championship and was invited to the Sun
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00237-00061446-00061735 Bowl the game was played on January 1st
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00238-00061736-00062039 1938 and resulted in a six to seven loss
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00239-00062040-00062154 to West Virginia
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00240-00062155-00062392 Texas Tech suffered four more Bowl
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00241-00062394-00062546 losses before getting their first
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00242-00062547-00062851 postseason win in the 1952 sundae Bowl
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00243-00062852-00063059 before withdrawing for the border
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00244-00063060-00063269 intercollegiate athletic association in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00245-00063270-00063532 1956 the Red Raiders won a total of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00246-00063533-00063722 eight conference championships and won
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00247-00063723-00063959 Co championship the most titles held by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00248-00063960-00064361 a border conference team in 1960 Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00249-00064362-00064520 Tech was admitted to the Southwest
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00250-00064521-00064862 Conference swc the Red Raiders one
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00251-00064863-00065179 conference Co championships in 1976 and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00252-00065180-00065591 1994 the team remained in the s WC until
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00253-00065592-00065887 the conference ceased operations 1996
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00254-00065888-00066209 following the dissolution of the SWC the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00255-00066210-00066401 University became a charter member of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00256-00066402-00066710 the big 12 conference in the big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00257-00066711-00066947 conference the Red Raiders competed in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00258-00066948-00067112 the South Division from the athletic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00259-00067113-00067334 conference's formation until the 2010
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00260-00067335-00067543 season when the divisions were dissolved
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00261-00067544-00067811 the Red Raiders coached by Mike Leach
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00262-00067812-00068123 from 2002 oh nine and 56 wins from the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00263-00068124-00068489 2000 through the 2006 season during the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00264-00068490-00068512 same
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00265-00068513-00068753 period only three other big 12 teams had
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00266-00068754-00069025 more victories Oklahoma Texas and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00267-00069026-00069385 Nebraska in 14 of its last 15 seasons
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00268-00069386-00069523 Tech finished with a winning record
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00269-00069524-00069805 before suffering a losing season in 2011
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00270-00069806-00070009 under then head coach Tommy Tuberville
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00271-00070010-00070261 Tuberville resigned his position and was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00272-00070262-00070600 replaced by Kliff Kingsbury in 2013 the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00273-00070601-00070798 Red Raiders have made 36 bowl
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00274-00070799-00071113 appearances 1 for 2 1 1 which is 20th
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00275-00071114-00071738 most of any University
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00276-00071739-00072293 topic Gulf
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00277-00072294-00072579 2007 saw the men's golf team compete in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00278-00072580-00072729 its first back-to-back national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00279-00072730-00073066 championship tournament since 1960 the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00280-00073067-00073303 team coached by Greg sands qualified for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00281-00073304-00073479 the tournament after finishing seventh
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00282-00073480-00074153 in NC double-a Central Regional
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00283-00074154-00074988 topic soccer
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00284-00074989-00075691 topic men's basketball basketball came
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00285-00075692-00075904 to Texas Tech only two years after the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00286-00075905-00076057 school was founded and the program has
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00287-00076058-00076318 since won 18 conference titles the last
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00288-00076319-00076588 one being in 1996 all of which have been
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00289-00076589-00076738 won while the Red Raiders were in the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00290-00076739-00076888 border Conference and Southwest
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00291-00076889-00077164 Conference 10 years the inaugural game
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00292-00077165-00077455 was a 37 to 25 lost to Daniel Baker
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00293-00077456-00077737 College Tech would lose two more games
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00294-00077738-00077911 before finally clinching their first
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00295-00077912-00078235 ever victory 35 to 21 at Sawle Ross
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00296-00078236-00078457 University Grady Higginbottom was the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00297-00078458-00078706 first coach earning a 14 to 18 record
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00298-00078707-00078997 over two seasons at point four three
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00299-00078998-00079198 eight Higginbotham was the only Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00300-00079199-00079393 basketball coach to garner an overall
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00301-00079394-00079669 losing record during his stay following
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00302-00079670-00079861 Higginbotham's departure Victor Payne
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00303-00079862-00080059 led the Matadors as the school's teams
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00304-00080060-00080670 were known until 1936 from 1927 to 1932
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00305-00080671-00081070 wins and 20 losses WL Golightly coached
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00306-00081071-00081289 only one season bringing in an eleven to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00307-00081290-00081559 nine record delle Morgan held the head
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00308-00081560-00081922 coaching job from 1931 to 1934 chalking
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00309-00081923-00082303 up 42 wins to 29 losses he was followed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00310-00082304-00082546 by Virgil Ballard though Ballard coached
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00311-00082547-00082753 only a single season it was during his
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00312-00082754-00082933 time that the team won their milestone
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00313-00082934-00083155 100th game a one-point victory over
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00314-00083156-00083485 house of David Ballard left with a 15 to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00315-00083486-00083701 9 record burl Huffman was twice the head
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00316-00083702-00083944 basketball coach at Texas Tech first
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00317-00083945-00084370 from 1935 to 1942 and then from 1946 to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00318-00084371-00084703 1947 during his total of eight seasons
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00319-00084704-00085177 he garnered a record of 121 267 poke
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00320-00085178-00085378 Roberson was the only other person to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00321-00085379-00085549 serve two different times as the head
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00322-00085550-00085798 basketball coach at the school when
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00323-00085799-00085996 Huffman left in 1942
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00324-00085997-00086269 Roberson took the job and when Huffman
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00325-00086270-00086515 left a second time in 1947 it was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00326-00086516-00086707 Roberson who again filled the position
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00327-00086708-00087043 this time remaining until 1961 at a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00328-00087044-00087277 total of 18 seasons his stay is the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00329-00087278-00087460 second longest of any Red Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00330-00087461-00087778 basketball coach behind Gerald Meyers he
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00331-00087779-00088084 departed after leading his teams to 254
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00332-00088085-00088333 wins 195 losses and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00333-00088334-00088546 first to n-c-double-a tournament since
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00334-00088547-00088738 cool history Jean Gibson followed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00335-00088739-00088999 Roberson into the position in his eight
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00336-00089000-00089206 seasons he chopped up the second worst
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00337-00089207-00089413 record of any head basketball coach at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00338-00089414-00089776 Tech still at 102 92 there were eight
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00339-00089777-00090073 more wins than losses Bob bass led the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00340-00090074-00090337 program to a 22 to 15 record over a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00341-00090338-00090523 season and a half before returning to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00342-00090524-00090780 professional basketball coaching duties
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00343-00090781-00091015 Bob Knight became the men's basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00344-00091016-00091450 coach in 2001 he retired on February 4th
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00345-00091451-00091939 2008 on New Year's Day 2007 a 72 68
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00346-00091940-00092158 defeat of New Mexico by tech mark the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00347-00092159-00092314 eight hundred and eightieth total win
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00348-00092315-00092473 for Knight making him the winningest
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00349-00092474-00092587 coach in men's college basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00350-00092588-00092914 history Knight also has several other
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00351-00092915-00093097 distinctions including being the only
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00352-00093098-00093310 coach to win the n-c-double-a the NIT
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00353-00093311-00093529 the Olympic gold and the Pan Am gold and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00354-00093530-00093873 has been given several awards night was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00355-00093874-00094177 succeeded by his son Pat Knight after
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00356-00094178-00094387 Pat Knight's termination Billy Gillespie
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00357-00094388-00094621 was named head coach on March 20th 2011
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00358-00094622-00094843 and subsequently resigned due to health
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00359-00094844-00095050 reasons after one season following while
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00360-00095051-00095224 also being amidst allegations of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00361-00095225-00095494 mistreating players Chris Walker took
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00362-00095495-00095719 over on an interim basis for the 2012
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00363-00095720-00095932 season and led the Red Raiders to an 11
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00364-00095933-00096265 to 20 record in March 2013
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00365-00096266-00096448 tubby Smith was named the new men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00366-00096449-00096625 basketball coach and lead the team to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00367-00096626-00096844 its first upset over a top twenty-five
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00368-00096845-00097047 opponent since 2009
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00369-00097048-00097303 Texas Tech students broke both school
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00370-00097304-00097495 and big 12 conference records for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00371-00097496-00097702 student attendance at the United Spirit
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00372-00097703-00097999 Arena during a February 25th 2014 loss
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00373-00098000-00098329 to Kansas State the record of 6,000 and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00374-00098330-00098590 86 students fell less than 2,000 short
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00375-00098591-00099200 of the national record
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00376-00099201-00099707 topic softball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00377-00099708-00099953 the Red Raiders softball program began
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00378-00099954-00100187 in 1981 but the program was dropped
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00379-00100188-00100511 after only five seasons when Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00380-00100512-00100682 joined the big 12 conference as a
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00381-00100683-00100769 charter member
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00382-00100770-00100964 the program was resurrected in time for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00383-00100965-00101303 the inaugural 1996 season Shannon Hays
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00384-00101304-00101522 the first Lubbock Christian University
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00385-00101523-00101696 head softball coach turned the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00386-00101697-00101921 Raider softball team around from a 15 to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00387-00101922-00102155 42 season under interim head coach Amy
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00388-00102156-00102434 Souter 282 34 in just his first two
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00389-00102435-00102725 seasons Hayes led the Red Raiders to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00390-00102726-00102948 three NC double-a Regional appearances
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00391-00102949-00103156 during his five seasons at the helm
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00392-00103157-00103398 Adrian Gregory was named the seventh
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00393-00103399-00103616 head coach in Texas Tech history in June
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00394-00103617-00104194 2014
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00395-00104195-00104694 topic tennis
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00396-00104695-00104949 Tim Siegel has been coaching at Tech for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00397-00104950-00105150 15 years helping the men's tennis team
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00398-00105151-00105469 to numerous winning seasons Siegel was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00399-00105470-00105690 recently honored as the 2008 big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00400-00105691-00105978 coach of the year he has coached players
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00401-00105979-00106176 who are now college coaches themselves
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00402-00106177-00106345 the men's tennis team had a very
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00403-00106346-00106608 successful 2008 season being ranked as
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00404-00106609-00106914 high as number 17 in the nation the Red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00405-00106915-00107131 Raiders faced 11 ranked teams and have
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00406-00107132-00107443 only lost to to number 31 TCU and number
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00407-00107444-00107743 11 Tulsa Texas Tech ended the regular
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00408-00107744-00108051 season ranked number 17 most recently
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00409-00108052-00108322 the Red Raiders 2012 season resulted in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00410-00108323-00108670 a closing eita ranking of 19 the Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00411-00108671-00108820 Tech tennis team won the border
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00412-00108821-00109107 conference tennis championship in 1936
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00413-00109108-00109531 1937 and 1950 the women's team led by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00414-00109532-00109773 todd petty won the big 12 conference in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00415-00109774-00110340 2012
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00416-00110341-00110903 topic women's basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00417-00110904-00111191 of the varsity sports Texas Tech has had
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00418-00111192-00111335 its greatest success in women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00419-00111336-00111587 basketball with 13 conference titles and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00420-00111588-00111848 one national championship led by its
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00421-00111849-00112037 star player Sheryl Swoopes and head
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00422-00112038-00112259 coach Marcia sharp the Lady Raiders won
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00423-00112260-00112433 the NC double-a women's basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00424-00112433-00112925 championship in 1993 in early 2006 Lady
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00425-00112926-00113135 Raiders coach Marcia Sharpe retired and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00426-00113136-00113402 was replaced on March 30th 2006 by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00427-00113403-00113591 Christy Curry who had been the coach at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00428-00113592-00113885 Purdue curry accepted the same position
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00429-00113886-00114110 at the University of Alabama on may 11th
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00430-00114111-00114326 2013 and was replaced by Candace
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00431-00114327-00114539 Whittaker a former player for Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00432-00114540-00114797 in the 1990s who was named head coach on
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00433-00114798-00115465 May 22nd 2013
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00434-00115466-00115967 topic volleyball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00435-00115968-00116228 the Texas Tech volleyball program began
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00436-00116229-00116533 in 1975 the Red Raiders were most
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00437-00116534-00117374 recently coached by Don flora 2011 to 15
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00438-00117375-00117948 topic club sports
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00439-00117949-00118190 in addition to varsity sports the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00440-00118191-00118395 university's sport clubs Federation
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00441-00118396-00118569 offers 30 recreational and competitive
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00442-00118570-00118863 sport clubs including polo rugby union
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00443-00118864-00119632 lacrosse fencing soccer and eSports
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00444-00119633-00120143 topic ice-hockey
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00445-00120144-00120374 the Texas Tech ice hockey team was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00446-00120375-00120722 established in 1999 as a member of the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00447-00120723-00120881 American Collegiate Hockey Association
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00448-00120882-00121124 the Red Raiders compete with big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00449-00121125-00121280 conference teams as well as with
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00450-00121281-00121430 colleges throughout the United States
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00451-00121431-00121727 and Canada players are recruited from
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00452-00121728-00122101 the United States Canada and abroad
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00453-00122102-00122396 topic polo of the club sports Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00454-00122397-00122600 Tech's polo club team coached by Clyde
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00455-00122601-00122882 Waddell has had the greatest success in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00456-00122883-00123056 spite of having no previous experience
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00457-00123057-00123323 at the invitation of students were dealt
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00458-00123324-00123695 up the job in 2006 years later the team
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00459-00123696-00123947 beat in-state rival Texas A&M to win the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00460-00123948-00124186 United States Polo Association national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00461-00124188-00124819 intercollegiate Championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00462-00124820-00125322 topic rodeo
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00463-00125323-00125607 Texas Tech's rodeo club team competes in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00464-00125608-00125775 the National intercollegiate rodeo
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00465-00125776-00125997 association and won the 1955
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00466-00125998-00126183 championship at the college National
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00467-00126183-00126629 Finals Rodeo topic rugby Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00468-00126630-00126822 rugby plays in Division one a in the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00469-00126823-00126986 allied rugby conference a conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00470-00126988-00127202 composed primarily of schools from the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00471-00127203-00127415 big 12 South against its traditional
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00472-00127416-00127664 rivals such as Texas and Texas A&M for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00473-00127665-00128007 the 2011-12 year Texas Tech had also
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00474-00128008-00128204 failed to decide to play in Division two
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00475-00128205-00128397 where they won the Texas championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00476-00128398-00128740 and qualified for the national playoffs
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00477-00128741-00129065 topic facilities Jones AT&T Stadium
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00478-00129066-00129212 serves as home to the Red Raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00479-00129213-00129512 football team the stadium named for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00480-00129513-00129713 Clifford B and Audrey Jones opened in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00481-00129714-00130125 1947 in 2000 the stadium was renamed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00482-00130126-00130376 Jones SBC Stadium after SBC
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00483-00130377-00130550 communications made a thirty million
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00484-00130551-00130789 dollars contribution to the University
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00485-00130790-00131090 following SBC communications acquisition
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00486-00131091-00131424 of AT&T corporation in 2006 the stadium
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00487-00131425-00131738 was renamed Jones AT&T Stadium the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00488-00131739-00131975 stadium's original seating capacity was
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00489-00131976-00132389 27,000 but it was expanded in 1959 1970
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00490-00132390-00132975 to 2003 2005 2009 2010 and 2013 to the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00491-00132976-00133310 current capacity of 60,000 862
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00492-00133311-00133707 overall from 1999 to 2009 the school
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00493-00133708-00133920 spent more than 84 million dollars for
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00494-00133921-00134109 ongoing renovation and expansion to the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00495-00134110-00134291 stadium in the football program in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00496-00134292-00134562 January 2013 construction began adding
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00497-00134563-00134840 another 368 seats in the north end zone
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00498-00134841-00135036 in addition to an observation deck that
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00499-00135037-00135300 will hold 40 the 11 million dollars
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00500-00135301-00135512 project also includes a significantly
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00501-00135513-00135701 upgraded Jumbotron with a new sound
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00502-00135702-00135897 system a Spanish Renaissance themed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00503-00135898-00136079 colonnade and a new North endzone
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00504-00136080-00136269 concourse connecting the two stadium
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00505-00136270-00136571 halves along with the other additions
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00506-00136572-00136826 157 feet of ribbon board will be added
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00507-00136827-00137051 on the North endzone more than 160
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00508-00137052-00137225 linear feet in the northeast and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00509-00137226-00137469 northwest corners of the stadium and 94
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00510-00137470-00137651 linear feet in the south end zone over
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00511-00137652-00137925 the athletic offices all of the new
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00512-00137926-00138150 features of Jones AT&T Stadium were
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00513-00138151-00138525 unveiled on September 7 2013 since 1999
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00514-00138526-00138711 home basketball games have been
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00515-00138712-00138891 played at United supermarkets arena
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00516-00138892-00139185 originally United Spirit arena a 15,000
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00517-00139186-00139404 and 20 seat multi-purpose facility which
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00518-00139405-00139695 cost 62 million dollars to build in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00519-00139696-00139887 addition to serving as home to the men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00520-00139888-00140109 and women's basketball teams the arena
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00521-00140110-00140298 is used by the Red Raiders volleyball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00522-00140299-00140601 team baseball Dan lore field at Rick
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00523-00140602-00140796 Griffin Park basketball United
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00524-00140797-00141039 supermarkets Arena equestrian Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00525-00141040-00141291 Equestrian Center football Jones AT&T
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00526-00141292-00141501 Stadium golf the rules course rodeo
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00527-00141502-00141756 Texas Tech Equestrian Center Ducks
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00528-00141757-00141978 Memorial Arena soccer John Walker Soccer
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00529-00141979-00142203 Complex softball Rocky Johnson field
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00530-00142204-00142391 tennis Don and Ethel McCloud Tennis
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00531-00142392-00142614 Center track and field indoor athletic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00532-00142615-00142812 training center track and field outdoor
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00533-00142813-00143247 RP fuller track volleyball United
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00534-00143248-00143792 supermarkets arena
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00535-00143793-00144718 topic championships
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00536-00144719-00145435 topic n-c-double-a Team Championships
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00537-00145436-00145732 Texas Tech has won one n-c-double-a team
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00538-00145733-00146157 national championship women's 1
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00539-00146158-00146785 basketball 1 1993 see also big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00540-00146786-00147114 conference national team titles list of
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00541-00147115-00147283 NC double-a schools with the most
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00542-00147284-00147588 n-c-double-a division 1 Championships
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00543-00147589-00147856 topic other national team championships
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00544-00147857-00148099 Texas Tech Spirit Squad Texas Tech pom
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00545-00148100-00148282 squad and co-ed cheer won national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00546-00148283-00148519 titles in 2017 2018
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00547-00148520-00148711 Texas Tech pom squad won two national
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00548-00148712-00148945 titles 1 in jazz the other in pom in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00549-00148946-00149388 2018 2019 comp results six one six three
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00550-00149389-00149725 one eight nine 201 8nc a nd a collegiate
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00551-00149726-00150087 cheer and dance championship 24,000 170
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00552-00150088-00150349 greater than wall of famine below are
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00553-00150350-00150525 the three national team titles that are
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00554-00150526-00150882 not bestowed by the NC double-a men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00555-00150883-00151134 Paulo USP a national intercollegiate
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00556-00151135-00151566 championship 2006 rodeo Neera college
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00557-00151567-00152103 National Finals Rodeo 1956 women's rodeo
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00558-00152104-00152786 Neera college National Finals Rodeo 2012
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00559-00152787-00153398 topic conference championships
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00560-00153399-00153652 Texas Tech has 170 conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00561-00153653-00153875 championships 21 big 12 conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00562-00153876-00154250 titles 27 Southwest Conference swc
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00563-00154251-00154672 titles and 22 border conference titles
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00564-00154673-00155227 baseball big 12 regular-season 1997 2016
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00565-00155228-00155849 2017 big 12 tournament 1998 swc
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00566-00155850-00156398 regular-season 1995 swc tournament 1995
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00567-00156399-00156748 basketball big 12 women's regular-season
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00568-00156749-00157285 1998 1999 2000 big 12 women's tournament
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00569-00157286-00157762 1998 1999 border men's regular-season
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00570-00157763-00158677 1933 1934 1935 1954 1955 1956 swc men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00571-00158678-00159362 regular-season 1961 1962 1965 1973 1985
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00572-00159363-00160123 1995 1996 swc men's tournament 1976 1985
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00573-00160124-00160712 1986 1993 1996 swc women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00574-00160713-00161476 regular-season 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00575-00161477-00162004 swc women's tournament 1992 1993 1995
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00576-00162005-00162277 cross-country big 12 women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00577-00162278-00162806 championship 2008 2009 2010 football big
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00578-00162807-00163337 12 South Division 2008 border 1937 1940
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00579-00163338-00164407 - 1947 1948 1949 1951 1953 1954 1955 swc
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00580-00164408-00164901 1976 1994 gulf border men's championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00581-00164902-00165572 1936 1937 1939 1955 s WC men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00582-00165573-00166037 championship 1959 1971 1996 Track &
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00583-00166038-00166358 Field big 12 men's Indoor Championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00584-00166359-00166773 2018 big 12 men's Outdoor Championship
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00585-00166774-00167265 2005 2014 2018 soccer big 12 women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00586-00167266-00167613 tournament 2015 tennis big 12 men's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00587-00167614-00167991 regular season 2016 big 12 women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00588-00167992-00168510 regular season 2012 2013 2017 big 12
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00589-00168511-00169085 women's tournament 2017 border 1936 1937
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00590-00169086-00169607 1950
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00591-00169608-00170472 topic culture
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00592-00170473-00170984 topic nickname
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00593-00170985-00171203 the Red Raiders were originally known as
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00594-00171204-00171761 the Matadors from 1925 to 1936 as the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00595-00171762-00171926 school was thinking of an appropriate
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00596-00171927-00172190 nickname for its athletic teams in 1925
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00597-00172191-00172376 the wife of the first football coach
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00598-00172377-00172691 suggested Matadors to reflect the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00599-00172692-00172850 influence of the campus Spanish
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00600-00172851-00173090 Renaissance architecture the students
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00601-00173091-00173279 followed the suggestion and later chose
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00602-00173280-00173456 red and black as the school colors to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00603-00173457-00173728 represent a Matadors traditional garb
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00604-00173729-00173963 coincidentally the football team won its
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00605-00173964-00174146 first game right after it had adopted
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00606-00174147-00174407 the name the nickname and school colors
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00607-00174408-00174563 became official during a formal
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00608-00174564-00174890 convocation on March 15 1926 there are
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00609-00174891-00175130 two main stories as to how the name red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00610-00175131-00175475 raiders replaced its predecessor in one
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00611-00175476-00175679 story football coach Pete caught and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00612-00175680-00175877 ordered attractive scarlet uniforms to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00613-00175878-00176147 help the team's identity the football
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00614-00176148-00176366 team wearing its new outfit defeated
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00615-00176367-00176588 heavily favored Loyola in Los Angeles on
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00616-00176589-00176999 October 26th 1934 a Los Angeles sports
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00617-00177000-00177206 writer called the matador sir red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00618-00177207-00177500 raiding team other writers who covered
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00619-00177501-00177680 tech sports caught on with the term and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00620-00177681-00177908 successfully promoted the use of red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00621-00177909-00177965 raiders
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00622-00177966-00178217 in the other tale former Lubbock
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00623-00178218-00178379 Avalanche Journal sports columnist
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00624-00178380-00178664 Collier Paris reporting on a 1932 Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00625-00178665-00178922 football game wrote the Red Raiders from
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00626-00178923-00179153 Texas Tech terror of the Southwest this
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00627-00179154-00179360 year swooped into the New Mexico
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00628-00179361-00179687 University camp today the name soon
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00629-00179688-00179990 became popular afterward and by 1936 it
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00630-00179991-00180329 officially replaced Matadors at the same
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00631-00180330-00180982 time the saddle tramps came about
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00632-00180983-00181480 topic spirit
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00633-00181481-00181699 Red Raider spirit is led by such
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00634-00181700-00181915 organizations as the saddle tramps the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00635-00181916-00182083 high riders and the spirit squads
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00636-00182084-00182257 consisting of the cheer squad and the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00637-00182258-00182599 pom squad in April 2010 the Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00638-00182600-00182746 cheer squad finished third at the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00639-00182747-00182941 national cheerleaders Association and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00640-00182942-00183589 national dance association
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00641-00183590-00184114 topic mascots
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00642-00184115-00184333 the masked rider is Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00643-00184334-00184621 university's oldest mascot the tradition
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00644-00184622-00185059 began in 1936 when ghost riders circled
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00645-00185060-00185257 the field prior to home football games
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00646-00185258-00185488 the masked rider became an official
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00647-00185489-00185803 mascot in 1954 when Joe Kurt Fulton led
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00648-00185804-00185956 the team onto the field at the Gator
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00649-00185957-00186214 Bowl according to reports from those
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00650-00186215-00186409 present at the game the crowd sat in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00651-00186410-00186589 stunned silence as they watched Fulton
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00652-00186590-00186772 and his horse Blacky rush onto the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00653-00186773-00186969 football field followed by the team
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00654-00186970-00187246 after a few moments the silent crowd
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00655-00187247-00187360 burst into tears
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00656-00187361-00187612 edie danmath a writer for the Atlanta
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00657-00187613-00187786 Journal who witnessed the event later
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00658-00187787-00188079 wrote no team in any bowl game ever made
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00659-00188080-00188503 a more sensational entrance in 2000 the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00660-00188504-00188665 masked rider tradition was commemorated
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00661-00188666-00188863 with the unveiling of a statue outside
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00662-00188864-00189079 of the university's frazier Alumni
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00663-00189080-00189352 Pavillion the sculpture created by
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00664-00189353-00189610 artist grant speed is 25 percent larger
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00665-00189611-00189940 than life today the masked rider with
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00666-00189941-00190135 guns up leads the team onto the field
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00667-00190136-00190462 for all home games this mascot adorned
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00668-00190463-00190636 in a distinctive gaucho hat like the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00669-00190637-00190801 ones worn by members of the marching
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00670-00190802-00190993 band is one of the most visible figures
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00671-00190994-00191290 at Texas Tech Ashley Wenzel a sophomore
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00672-00191291-00191512 education major from Friendswood Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00673-00191513-00191737 will represent the university as the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00674-00191738-00192025 mask rider during 2012-13 Texas Tech's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00675-00192026-00192238 other mascot Raider red is a more recent
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00676-00192239-00192565 creation beginning with the 1971
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00677-00192566-00192772 football season the Southwest Conference
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00678-00192773-00192964 for bad the inclusion of live animal
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00679-00192965-00193168 mascots to away games unless the host
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00680-00193169-00193462 school consented for situations where
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00681-00193463-00193612 the host school did not want to allow
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00682-00193613-00193828 the masked riders Horse an alternate
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00683-00193829-00193941 mascot was needed
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00684-00193942-00194227 Jim Gaspard a member of the saddle
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00685-00194228-00194464 student spirit organization created the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00686-00194465-00194616 original design for the Raider red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00687-00194617-00194833 costume basing it on a character created
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00688-00194834-00195058 by cartoonist Dirk West a Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00689-00195059-00195313 alumnus and former Lubbock mare though
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00690-00195314-00195520 the masked riders identity is public
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00691-00195521-00195706 knowledge it has always been tradition
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00692-00195707-00195922 that Raider ed student alter-ego is kept
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00693-00195923-00196081 secret until the end of his or her
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00694-00196082-00196375 tenure the student serving as Raider red
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00695-00196376-00196573 is a member of the saddle tramps or high
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00696-00196574-00196914 riders topic
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00697-00196915-00197148 Texas Tech's main athletic rivals are
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00698-00197149-00197397 the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00699-00197398-00197670 it is common for people to camp out in
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00700-00197671-00197934 front of Jones AT&T Stadium a few days
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00701-00197935-00198144 prior to home football games against the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00702-00198145-00198333 Aggies the Longhorns and the Oklahoma
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00703-00198334-00198651 Sooners in March 2009 Texas Tech and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00704-00198652-00198795 Baylor reached an agreement to move
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00705-00198796-00198972 their next two football games to the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00706-00198973-00199236 Dallas metropolitan area the schools
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00707-00199237-00199557 played November 28 2009 at Cowboys
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00708-00199558-00199761 Stadium in Arlington with tech claiming
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00709-00199762-00200028 the victory the next game was scheduled
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00710-00200029-00200256 for October 9th 2010 at the Cotton Bowl
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00711-00200257-00200441 stadium during the State Fair of Texas
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00712-00200442-00200763 with tech emerging victorious again the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00713-00200764-00200925 arrangement was extended for an
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00714-00200926-00201111 additional two years in sports other
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00715-00201112-00201252 than football Eastern New Mexico
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00716-00201253-00201510 University as seen as a regional rival
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00717-00201511-00201690 due to the close proximity of the two
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00718-00201691-00201882 schools in frequency of matchups between
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00719-00201883-00202166 them an example of this is Eastern New
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00720-00202167-00202404 Mexico University's yearly attendance at
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00721-00202405-00202620 the Texas Tech open an annual track and
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00722-00202621-00203330 field event hosted by Texas Tech
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00723-00203331-00204189 topic people
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00724-00204190-00204779 topic athletic directors
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00725-00204780-00205296 ey Freeland 1925 to 1927 Grady
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00726-00205296-00205784 Higginbotham 1927 to 1929 Pete coffin
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00727-00205785-00206303 1930 to 1940 Morley Jennings 1941 to
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00728-00206304-00207056 1951 Jewett Weaver 1952 to 1961 1962
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00729-00207057-00207754 1970 JT King 1970 to 1978 dictum bureau
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00730-00207755-00208336 1978 to 1980 John Connelly 1980 to 1985
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00731-00208337-00208459 T
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00732-00208460-00208844 Jones 1985 to 1992
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00733-00208844-00209348 Robert ba crafts 1992 to 1995 Gerald
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00734-00209350-00209635 Myers 1996 to 2011
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00735-00209636-00210077 Kirby Hoch at 2011-present topic head
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00736-00210078-00210294 coaches head coaches of Texas Tech teams
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00737-00210294-00210540 include baseball Tim Tadlock basketball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00738-00210541-00210744 men's crispy at basketball women's
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00739-00210744-00210959 Candace Whitaker cross-country John
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00740-00210960-00211146 Murray football Kliff Kingsbury golf
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00741-00211146-00211394 men's breaks and golf women's Joe Joe
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00742-00211396-00211614 Robertson soccer Tom stone softball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00743-00211615-00211859 Adrian Gregory tennis men's Tim Segal
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00744-00211860-00212078 tennis women's Todd petty indoor outdoor
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00745-00212079-00212303 track and field West Kitley volleyball
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00746-00212304-00212741 Don flora
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00747-00212742-00213242 topic alumni
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00748-00213242-00213502 Texas Tech Red Raiders alumni have gone
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00749-00213503-00213829 on to play in the NFL NBA WNBA major
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00750-00213830-00214121 league baseball and more current alumni
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00751-00214121-00214346 standouts include NFL all-pro Zach
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00752-00214346-00214528 Thomas of the Kansas City Chiefs
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00753-00214529-00214654 where's Welker of the Denver Broncos
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00754-00214655-00214846 Danny Amendola of the New England
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00755-00214848-00215069 Patriots and Michael Crabtree of the
+Gub1Nzf6Coy-00756-00215069-00215656 Oakland Raiders equals equals notes
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00000-00000056-00000407 tryptophan symbol TRP or W is an alpha
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00001-00000408-00000578 amino acid that is used in the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00002-00000579-00000886 biosynthesis of proteins tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00003-00000888-00001127 contains an alpha amino group an alpha
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00004-00001128-00001345 carboxyl ik acid group and a sidechain
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00005-00001346-00001577 indole making it a non-polar aromatic
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00006-00001578-00001868 amino acid it is essential in humans
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00007-00001869-00002099 meaning the body cannot synthesize it it
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00008-00002100-00002292 must be obtained from the diet
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00009-00002293-00002546 tryptophan is also a precursor to the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00010-00002547-00002771 neurotransmitter serotonin the hormone
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00011-00002772-00003125 melatonin and vitamin b3 it is encoded
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00012-00003126-00003497 by the codon ugh like other amino acids
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00013-00003497-00003677 tryptophan is as we Tyrian at
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00014-00003678-00003920 physiological pH where the amino group
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00015-00003921-00004590 is protonated nh3 plus PKA
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00016-00004591-00005026 topic 9.3 9 and the carboxylic acid is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00017-00005027-00006321 deprotonated co Oh minus PKA 2.38
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00018-00006322-00007012 topic function amino acids including
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00019-00007013-00007189 tryptophan are used as building blocks
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00020-00007190-00007456 in protein biosynthesis and proteins are
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00021-00007456-00007753 required to sustain life many animals
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00022-00007754-00007935 including humans cannot synthesize
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00023-00007936-00008155 tryptophan they need to obtain it
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00024-00008156-00008302 through their diet making it an
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00025-00008303-00008617 essential amino acid tryptophan is among
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00026-00008618-00008818 the less common amino acids found in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00027-00008819-00009001 proteins but it plays important
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00028-00009002-00009202 structural or functional roles whenever
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00029-00009203-00009514 it occurs for instance tryptophan and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00030-00009515-00009769 tyrosine residues play special roles in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00031-00009770-00010069 anchoring membrane proteins within the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00032-00010070-00010342 cell membrane in addition tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00033-00010343-00010564 functions as a biochemical precursor for
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00034-00010565-00010879 the following compounds serotonin a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00035-00010880-00011085 neurotransmitter synthesized by
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00036-00011086-00011443 tryptophan hydroxylase melatonin and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00037-00011444-00011688 neurohormone is in turn synthesized from
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00038-00011689-00011955 serotonin via an acetyl transferase and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00039-00011956-00012193 5 hydroxy and all o methyl transferase
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00040-00012194-00012583 enzymes niacin also known as vitamin b3
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00041-00012584-00012826 is synthesized from tryptophan via
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00042-00012827-00013186 Canary Neen and quina lenok acids auxins
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00043-00013187-00013416 a classifier hormones are synthesized
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00044-00013418-00013624 from tryptophan the disorder fructose
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00045-00013625-00013852 malabsorption causes improper absorption
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00046-00013853-00014053 of tryptophan in the intestine reduced
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00047-00014054-00014236 levels of tryptophan in the blood and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00048-00014237-00014463 depression in bacteria that synthesize
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00049-00014465-00014674 tryptophan high cellular levels of this
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00050-00014675-00014911 amino acid activate a repressor protein
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00051-00014912-00015244 which binds to the TRP operon binding of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00052-00015244-00015433 this repressor to the tryptophan operon
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00053-00015434-00015685 prevents transcription of downstream DNA
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00054-00015686-00015877 that codes for the enzymes involved in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00055-00015878-00016180 the biosynthesis of tryptophan so high
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00056-00016181-00016393 levels of tryptophan prevent tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00057-00016394-00016561 synthesis through a negative feedback
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00058-00016562-00016753 loop and when the cell's tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00059-00016754-00016984 levels go down again transcription from
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00060-00016985-00017311 the TRP operon resumes this permits
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00061-00017312-00017557 tightly regulated and rapid responses to
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00062-00017558-00017730 changes in the cell's internal and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00063-00017731-00017791 external
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00064-00017792-00018562 tryptophan levels topic recommended
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00065-00018563-00019243 dietary allowance in 2002 the u.s.
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00066-00019244-00019468 Institute of Medicine set a recommended
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00067-00019469-00019741 dietary allowance RDA of 5 milligrams
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00068-00019742-00019942 per kilogram body weight per day of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00069-00019943-00020646 tryptophan for adults 19 years and over
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00070-00020647-00021328 topic dietary sources tryptophan is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00071-00021329-00021550 present in most protein based foods or
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00072-00021551-00021678 dietary proteins
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00073-00021679-00021874 it is particularly plentiful in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00074-00021875-00022132 chocolate oats dried dates milk yogurt
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00075-00022133-00022350 cottage cheese red meat eggs fish
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00076-00022351-00022605 poultry sesame chickpeas almonds
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00077-00022606-00022882 sunflower seeds pumpkin seeds buckwheat
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00078-00022883-00023203 spirulina and peanuts contrary to the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00079-00023204-00023353 popular belief that cooked turkey
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00080-00023354-00023580 contains an abundance of tryptophan with
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00081-00023581-00023758 this being used as an explanation for
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00082-00023759-00023965 sleepiness following consumption of the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00083-00023966-00024187 meat the tryptophan content in Turkey is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00084-00024188-00024958 typical of poultry topic use as a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00085-00024959-00025572 dietary supplement because tryptophan is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00086-00025573-00025930 converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan 5htp
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00087-00025931-00026089 which is then converted into the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00088-00026089-00026311 neurotransmitter serotonin it has been
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00089-00026312-00026508 proposed that consumption of tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00090-00026510-00026806 or 5htp may improve depression symptoms
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00091-00026807-00027027 by increasing the level of serotonin in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00092-00027028-00027289 the brain tryptophan is sold over the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00093-00027289-00027517 counter in the United States after being
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00094-00027518-00027787 banned to varying extents between 1989
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00095-00027788-00028083 and 2005 and the United Kingdom as a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00096-00028085-00028267 dietary supplement for use as an
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00097-00028268-00028552 antidepressant anxiolytic and sleep aid
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00098-00028552-00028810 it is also marketed as a prescription
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00099-00028811-00029023 drug in some European countries for the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00100-00029024-00029275 treatment of major depression there is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00101-00029276-00029464 evidence that blood tryptophan levels
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00102-00029464-00029664 are unlikely to be altered by changing
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00103-00029666-00029842 the diet but consuming purified
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00104-00029843-00030076 tryptophan increases the serotonin level
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00105-00030077-00030244 in the brain whereas eating foods
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00106-00030245-00030526 containing tryptophan does not this is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00107-00030527-00030730 because the transport system that brings
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00108-00030731-00030864 tryptophan across the blood-brain
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00109-00030865-00031126 barrier also transports other amino
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00110-00031127-00031306 acids which are contained in protein
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00111-00031307-00031624 food sources high blood plasma levels of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00112-00031625-00031849 other large neutral amino acids prevent
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00113-00031850-00032050 the plasma concentration of tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00114-00032051-00032257 from increasing brain concentration
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00115-00032258-00032542 levels in 2001 a Cochrane review of the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00116-00032543-00032782 effect of 5-htp and tryptophan on
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00117-00032783-00033037 depression was published the authors
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00118-00033038-00033238 included only studies of a high rigor
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00119-00033239-00033529 and included both 5-htp and tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00120-00033530-00033706 in their review because of the limited
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00121-00033707-00034126 data on either of 108 studies of 5-htp
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00122-00034127-00034324 and tryptophan on depression published
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00123-00034325-00034681 between 1966 and 2000 only to met the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00124-00034682-00034876 author's quality standards for inclusion
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00125-00034877-00035236 totaling 64 study participants the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00126-00035237-00035410 substances were more effective than
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00127-00035411-00035644 placebo in the two studies included but
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00128-00035645-00035866 the authors state that the evidence was
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00129-00035867-00036100 of insufficient quality to be conclusive
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00130-00036101-00036408 and note that because alternative
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00131-00036409-00036619 antidepressants exist which have been
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00132-00036620-00036841 proven to be effective and safe the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00133-00036842-00037114 clinical usefulness of 5htp and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00134-00037115-00037486 tryptophan is limited at present the use
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00135-00037487-00037690 of tryptophan as an adjunctive therapy
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00136-00037691-00037867 in addition to standard treatment for
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00137-00037868-00038077 mood and anxiety disorders is not
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00138-00038078-00038769 supported by the scientific evidence
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00139-00038770-00039442 topic side effects potential side
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00140-00039443-00039649 effects of tryptophan supplementation
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00141-00039650-00039874 include nausea diarrhea drowsiness
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00142-00039875-00040099 lightheadedness headache dry mouth
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00143-00040100-00040378 blurred vision sedation euphoria and the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00144-00040379-00041055 stag mmus involuntary eye movements
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00145-00041056-00041767 topic interactions tryptophan taken as a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00146-00041768-00041986 dietary supplement such as in tablet
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00147-00041987-00042151 form has the potential to cause
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00148-00042152-00042358 serotonin syndrome when combined with
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00149-00042359-00042619 antidepressants of the maoi or SSRI
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00150-00042620-00042829 class or other strongly serotonergic
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00151-00042830-00043156 drugs because tryptophan supplementation
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00152-00043157-00043330 has not been thoroughly studied in a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00153-00043331-00043540 clinical setting its interactions with
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00154-00043541-00044202 other drugs are not well known
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00155-00044203-00044838 topic isolation the isolation of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00156-00044839-00045018 tryptophan was first reported by
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00157-00045019-00045366 Frederick Hopkins in 1901 Hopkins
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00158-00045367-00045552 recovered tryptophan from hydrolyzed
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00159-00045553-00045804 casein recovering four to eight grams of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00160-00045805-00046029 tryptophan from 600 grams of crude
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00161-00046030-00046887 casein topic biosynthesis and industrial
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00162-00046888-00047274 production
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00163-00047275-00047571 as an essential amino acid tryptophan is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00164-00047572-00047751 not synthesized from simpler substances
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00165-00047752-00048012 in humans and other animals so it needs
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00166-00048013-00048210 to be present in the diet in the form of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00167-00048211-00048504 tryptophan containing proteins plants
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00168-00048505-00048726 and microorganisms commonly synthesize
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00169-00048727-00048963 tryptophan from shikimic acid or anther
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00170-00048964-00049167 analyte and Thranduil aid condenses with
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00171-00049168-00049437 phosphor abyssal pyrophosphate prpp
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00172-00049438-00049677 generating pyrophosphate as a by-product
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00173-00049678-00049971 the ring of the ribose moiety is open
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00174-00049972-00050112 and subjected to reductive
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00175-00050113-00050364 decarboxylation producing indole-3
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00176-00050365-00050574 glycerol phosphate this in turn is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00177-00050575-00050892 transformed into indole in the last step
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00178-00050893-00051105 tryptophan synthase catalyzes the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00179-00051106-00051317 formation of tryptophan from indole and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00180-00051319-00051633 the amino acid serine the industrial
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00181-00051634-00051813 production of tryptophan is also
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00182-00051814-00051999 biosynthetic and is based on the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00183-00052000-00052229 fermentation of sarin and in dole using
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00184-00052230-00052449 either wild-type or genetically modified
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00185-00052450-00052734 bacteria such as be Emily cough se ins B
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00186-00052735-00053082 subtilis C glutamic M or ecoli these
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00187-00053083-00053304 strains carry mutations that prevent the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00188-00053304-00053535 reuptake of aromatic amino acids or
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00189-00053536-00053886 multiple overexpressed TRP operon the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00190-00053887-00054057 conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00191-00054058-00054897 tryptophan synthase topic society and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00192-00054898-00055590 culture
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00193-00055591-00056213 topic io-san affiliate myalgia syndrome
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00194-00056214-00056481 there was a large outbreak of oh snaa
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00195-00056482-00056730 philia myalgia syndrome ms in the u.s.
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00196-00056731-00057099 in 1989 with more than 1,500 cases
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00197-00057100-00057391 reported to the CDC and at least 37
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00198-00057391-00057699 deaths after preliminary investigation
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00199-00057700-00057888 revealed that the outbreak was linked to
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00200-00057889-00058129 intake of tryptophan the US Food and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00201-00058129-00058360 Drug Administration FDA recalled
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00202-00058361-00058617 tryptophan supplements in 1989 and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00203-00058618-00058891 banned most public sales in 1990 with
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00204-00058891-00059035 other countries following suit
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00205-00059036-00059248 subsequent studies suggested that m's
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00206-00059249-00059416 was linked to specific batches of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00207-00059416-00059635 l-tryptophan supplied by a single large
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00208-00059636-00059959 Japanese manufacturer Showa Denko it
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00209-00059960-00060166 eventually became clear that recent
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00210-00060166-00060375 batches of Showa denko's l-tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00211-00060376-00060547 were contaminated by trace impurities
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00212-00060548-00060766 which were subsequently thought to be
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00213-00060766-00061065 responsible for the 1989 MS outbreak
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00214-00061066-00061309 however other evidence suggests that
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00215-00061310-00061534 tryptophan itself may be a potentially
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00216-00061535-00061785 major contributory factor in ms the FDA
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00217-00061786-00061992 loosened its restrictions on sales and
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00218-00061993-00062268 marketing of tryptophan in February 2001
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00219-00062269-00062473 but continued to limit the importation
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00220-00062474-00062671 of tryptophan not intended for an
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00221-00062672-00062961 exempted use until 2005 the fact that
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00222-00062962-00063148 the Showa denko facility used
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00223-00063149-00063342 genetically engineered bacteria to
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00224-00063343-00063525 produce the contaminated batches of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00225-00063526-00063729 l-tryptophan later found to have caused
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00226-00063730-00063940 the outbreak of Yoshino philia myalgia
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00227-00063941-00064171 syndrome has been cited as evidence of a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00228-00064172-00064378 need for close monitoring of the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00229-00064379-00064666 chemical purity of biotechnology derived
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00230-00064666-00064956 products those calling for purity
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00231-00064957-00065193 monitoring have in turn been criticized
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00232-00065194-00065430 as anti-gmo activists who overlook
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00233-00065431-00065686 possible non-gmo causes of contamination
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00234-00065687-00066344 and threaten the development of biotech
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00235-00066345-00066936 topic turkey meat and drowsiness a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00236-00066937-00067167 common assertion in the u.s. is that
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00237-00067168-00067398 heavy consumption of turkey meat results
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00238-00067399-00067587 in drowsiness due to high levels of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00239-00067588-00067887 tryptophan contained in Turkey however
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00240-00067888-00068103 the amount of tryptophan in Turkey is
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00241-00068104-00068274 comparable to that contained in other
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00242-00068275-00068544 meats drowsiness after eating may be
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00243-00068545-00068736 caused by other foods eaten with the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00244-00068737-00068975 turkey particularly carbohydrates
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00245-00068976-00069180 ingestion of a meal rich in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00246-00069181-00069378 carbohydrates triggers the release of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00247-00069379-00069687 insulin insulin in turn stimulates the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00248-00069688-00069891 uptake of large neutral branched chain
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00249-00069892-00070228 amino acids BCAA but not tryptophan into
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00250-00070229-00070386 muscle increasing the ratio of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00251-00070387-00070640 tryptophan to BCAA in the bloodstream
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00252-00070641-00070938 the resulting increased tryptophan ratio
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00253-00070939-00071169 reduces competition at the large neutral
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00254-00071170-00071412 amino acid transporter which transports
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00255-00071413-00071673 both BCAA and aromatic amino acids
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00256-00071674-00071884 resulting in more uptake of tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00257-00071885-00072075 across the blood-brain barrier into the
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00258-00072076-00072480 cerebrospinal fluid CSF once in the CSF
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00259-00072481-00072678 tryptophan is converted into serotonin
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00260-00072679-00072915 in the raft nuclei by the normal
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00261-00072916-00073173 enzymatic pathway the result in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00262-00073174-00073390 serotonin is further metabolized into
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00263-00073391-00073678 melatonin by the pineal gland hence
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00264-00073679-00073932 these data suggest that feast' induced
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00265-00073933-00074223 drowsiness or postprandial somnolence
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00266-00074224-00074490 may be the result of a heavy meal rich
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00267-00074491-00074673 in carbohydrates which indirectly
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00268-00074674-00074916 increases the production of melatonin in
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00269-00074917-00075578 the brain and thereby promotes sleep
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00270-00075579-00076251 topic research in 1912
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00271-00076252-00076449 Felix Ilic demonstrated that yeast
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00272-00076450-00076636 attacks the natural amino acids
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00273-00076637-00076815 essentially by splitting off carbon
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00274-00076816-00077016 dioxide and replacing the amino group
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00275-00077017-00077273 with hydroxyl by this reaction
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00276-00077274-00077505 tryptophan gives rise to tryptophan
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00277-00077506-00077667 tryptophan affects brain serotonin
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00278-00077668-00077884 synthesis when given orally in a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00279-00077885-00078085 purified form and is used to modify
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00280-00078086-00078415 serotonin levels for research low brain
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00281-00078416-00078588 serotonin level is induced by
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00282-00078589-00078786 administration of tryptophan poor
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00283-00078787-00079026 protein in a technique called acute
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00284-00079027-00079350 tryptophan depletion studies using this
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00285-00079351-00079548 method have evaluated the effect of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00286-00079549-00079740 serotonin on mood and social behavior
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00287-00079741-00079974 finding that serotonin reduces
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00288-00079975-00080626 aggression and increases agreeableness
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00289-00080627-00081267 topic fluorescence tryptophan is an
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00290-00081268-00081471 important intrinsic fluorescent probe
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00291-00081472-00081690 amino acid which can be used to estimate
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00292-00081691-00081893 the nature of the micro environment
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00293-00081894-00082169 around the tryptophan residue most of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00294-00082170-00082356 the intrinsic fluorescence emissions of
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00295-00082357-00082560 a folded protein are due to excitation
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00296-00082561-00083310 of tryptophan residues topic
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00297-00083311-00084080 see also 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-htp a
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00298-00084081-00084450 curry rosenheim reaction atom kovitch
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00299-00084451-00084648 reaction at
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00300-00084649-00085067 later genetics n n dimethyltryptamine
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00301-00085068-00085563 Hopkins Kol reaction serotonin trip to
+GvhNxCtMS8E-00302-00085564-00085782 Maine
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00000-00000239-00000455 hello and welcome to this tech talk
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00001-00000456-00000815 on economics of digital technologies
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00002-00000816-00001047 our speaker today is darren price from
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00003-00001048-00001231 price rule management
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00004-00001232-00001383 where he's the director and lead
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00005-00001384-00001687 consultant darren provides agri-business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00006-00001688-00001918 rural advisory and consultancy services
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00007-00001919-00002023 to clients
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00008-00002023-00002287 and the wider agricultural industry
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00009-00002288-00002495 darren's expert knowledge and leadership
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00010-00002496-00002647 in precision agriculture
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00011-00002648-00002902 assists in the delivery of producer
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00012-00002903-00003087 awareness and adoption
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00013-00003088-00003351 and also the demonstratable impact of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00014-00003352-00003470 precision livestock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00015-00003471-00003870 management recently his broad range of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00016-00003871-00004054 experience has proven invaluable
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00017-00004055-00004263 in providing input to future strategic
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00018-00004264-00004511 direction and program evaluation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00019-00004512-00004895 for companies such as mla thanks darren
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00020-00004896-00005111 thanks jody and thanks very much to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00021-00005112-00005343 persa for allowing me to speak today
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00022-00005344-00005647 welcome everyone to the webinar
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00023-00005648-00005934 as jody said my name's darren price i'm
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00024-00005935-00005983 the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00025-00005984-00006270 director of price rule management
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00026-00006271-00006478 proprietary limited
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00027-00006479-00006919 and i am based in new south wales
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00028-00006920-00007239 today i just wanted to work through
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00029-00007240-00007542 a powerpoint presentation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00030-00007543-00007710 that will speak to the economics of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00031-00007711-00008014 digital technologies
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00032-00008015-00008463 and review a a project that i was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00033-00008464-00008607 involved with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00034-00008608-00008951 with mla and um carla pastoral company
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00035-00008952-00009303 that i managed as a general manager so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00036-00009304-00009471 my role with carl will the pastoral
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00037-00009472-00009759 company for 22 years was as their
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00038-00009760-00010103 general manager i'll talk to you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00039-00010104-00010359 about what carla pastor will look like
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00040-00010360-00010414 but
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00041-00010415-00010727 in 2018 mla approached carla pastoral
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00042-00010728-00010903 companies through me
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00043-00010904-00011327 to help host a digital
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00044-00011328-00011710 technology upscale property
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00045-00011711-00012046 and or business and the theme was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00046-00012047-00012238 hype or happening in the red meat
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00047-00012239-00012374 industry
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00048-00012375-00012567 the media have been saying for many many
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00049-00012568-00012703 years that there's plenty of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00050-00012704-00013022 digital technology out there but
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00051-00013023-00013335 we wanted through conjunction with mla's
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00052-00013336-00013535 project to actually
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00053-00013536-00013735 find out if it was real ready to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00054-00013736-00013919 implement into the livestock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00055-00013919-00014255 sector so we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00056-00014256-00014503 agreed to participate in in the red meat
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00057-00014504-00014671 digital forum
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00058-00014672-00014927 and host and evaluate various digital
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00059-00014928-00015247 technology within a commercial operation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00060-00015247-00015455 agreed to provide the site for industry
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00061-00015456-00015655 to view installations and speak to end
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00062-00015656-00015758 users
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00063-00015759-00015999 and allow installation and new of new
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00064-00016000-00016294 and emerging technology into the future
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00065-00016295-00016471 and through that establish what works
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00066-00016472-00016647 and what does not work
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00067-00016648-00016871 and provide some insight into return on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00068-00016872-00017007 investment and business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00069-00017008-00017230 change opportunity which we'll speak of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00070-00017231-00017350 a little bit down
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00071-00017351-00017743 down the track mla then went out to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00072-00017744-00018103 various technical or digital tech
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00073-00018104-00018214 providers
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00074-00018215-00018422 with an open call to see what was out
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00075-00018423-00018558 there um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00076-00018559-00018855 come along bring what you've got and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00077-00018856-00019086 we'll try it out we'll pit it against
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00078-00019087-00019319 you know people in the in the same space
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00079-00019320-00019430 as you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00080-00019431-00019694 uh and we will see what washes out of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00081-00019695-00019999 all that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00082-00020000-00020255 so caldwell a pastoral company at the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00083-00020256-00020319 moment is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00084-00020320-00020599 is four properties based around canberra
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00085-00020600-00020767 and yes in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00086-00020768-00021103 southern new south wales
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00087-00021104-00021350 typically running eight uh 900 angus
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00088-00021351-00021471 herd
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00089-00021472-00021791 angus breeders in their herd supplying
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00090-00021792-00022022 feeder trade and restocking markets
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00091-00022023-00022255 plus first cross you flock of up to ten
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00092-00022256-00022391 thousand years
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00093-00022392-00022550 four thousand lambs generally going to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00094-00022551-00022703 domestic trade
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00095-00022704-00023030 or as store lambs it grows winter fodder
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00096-00023031-00023078 crops
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00097-00023079-00023407 it has center pivot irrigation a small
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00098-00023408-00023511 time a small
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00099-00023512-00023767 full-time staff of only four so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00100-00023768-00023975 utilization of contract labor for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00101-00023976-00024158 specific tasks
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00102-00024159-00024358 topography ranges from river flats to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00103-00024359-00024503 steep hills uh
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00104-00024504-00024983 elevation of 720 metres to 200 to 1250
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00105-00024984-00025175 700 millimeter rainfall with a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00106-00025176-00025367 frost-free period of around four and a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00107-00025368-00025486 half months per annum
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00108-00025487-00025711 obviously through the summer period what
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00109-00025712-00025822 was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00110-00025823-00026046 installed throughout the project was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00111-00026047-00026150 ended up being about
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00112-00026151-00026455 400 individual devices to put some
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00113-00026456-00026679 clarity around that it did include some
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00114-00026680-00026943 smart tags about 120 smart
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00115-00026944-00027270 tags on on livestock but
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00116-00027272-00027518 this little schematic here provided by
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00117-00027519-00027590 mla
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00118-00027591-00027967 and color pastoral gives you a bit of an
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00119-00027968-00028087 idea of all of the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00120-00028088-00028343 the various areas that we were looking
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00121-00028344-00028446 to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00122-00028447-00028751 to gather data across it was quite
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00123-00028752-00029062 uh quite a broad based range of of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00124-00029063-00029318 devices and widgets that were installed
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00125-00029319-00029695 so there were about 100 and um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00126-00029695-00029983 companies approached by mla to come
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00127-00029983-00030039 along
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00128-00030039-00030262 in the end there were around 20 odd that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00129-00030263-00030455 came
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00130-00030456-00030735 some viewed in in the first instance
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00131-00030736-00030879 viewed what we were trying to do and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00132-00030880-00031007 decided they couldn't
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00133-00031008-00031287 couldn't achieve what the aim of the of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00134-00031288-00031446 the project was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00135-00031447-00031695 but those who did came to site and we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00136-00031695-00031927 end up installing solutions as listed
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00137-00031927-00032039 there on the screen
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00138-00032039-00032318 so water monitors for troughs tanks and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00139-00032319-00032407 dams
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00140-00032408-00032679 weather station and rain gauges diesel
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00141-00032680-00032918 tank monitors soil moisture probes
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00142-00032919-00033190 sheep and cattle tags gate door and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00143-00033191-00033359 cattle ramp monitors
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00144-00033360-00033735 data lite digital satellite mapping
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00145-00033736-00034039 electronic fence monitors smoke alarms
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00146-00034040-00034255 and shed environmental
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00147-00034256-00034567 monitors vehicle asset
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00148-00034568-00034831 tracking devices farm management
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00149-00034832-00034959 software
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00150-00034960-00035199 we even tried some apiary condition
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00151-00035200-00035335 monitors
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00152-00035336-00035518 we did some cattle heat and carving
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00153-00035519-00035767 detection silo level monitors
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00154-00035768-00036071 animal handling systems satellite
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00155-00036072-00036255 pasture imagery and a variety of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00156-00036256-00036511 connectivity options
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00157-00036512-00036879 uh lorawan's uh satellite sig fox 34g
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00158-00036880-00037055 and we discovered that um you know you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00159-00037056-00037295 just can't install a 200 center
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00160-00037296-00037559 sense 200 sensor and get what you you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00161-00037560-00037655 need
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00162-00037656-00037935 um and there's quite a process going
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00163-00037936-00038023 through
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00164-00038024-00038271 to decide what you should install what
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00165-00038272-00038455 do you need to know
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00166-00038456-00038735 and realistically there's a minimum
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00167-00038736-00038887 investment required
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00168-00038888-00039287 for most providers that are used across
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00169-00039288-00039423 the space
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00170-00039424-00039615 it's not just the sensor it's also
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00171-00039616-00039799 communications tower
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00172-00039800-00040015 there's monthly and annual device fees
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00173-00040016-00040271 there's ongoing maintenance
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00174-00040272-00040567 so it it's not as simple as just picking
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00175-00040568-00040767 it up off the shelf and plug and play
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00176-00040768-00041071 sometimes many different approaches were
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00177-00041072-00041255 applied by suppliers
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00178-00041256-00041487 a lot of these things were were put in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00179-00041488-00041687 on the run
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00180-00041688-00041887 you know every water trough can be
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00181-00041888-00042183 different every gateway can be different
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00182-00042184-00042471 topography ranged as i said in in one of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00183-00042472-00042711 the first slides so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00184-00042712-00042895 communic there's a few pictures there of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00185-00042896-00043255 communication towers on the left
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00186-00043256-00043483 and again across the top weather
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00187-00043484-00043639 stations
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00188-00043640-00043846 some were concreted some weren't some
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00189-00043847-00044087 were on steel posts
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00190-00044088-00044358 you know things deployed inside a dam
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00191-00044359-00044679 had a bit of a challenge
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00192-00044680-00044967 but overall the supplies worked really
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00193-00044968-00045015 hard
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00194-00045016-00045327 and really really quite innovatively to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00195-00045328-00045599 find the correct way to put something in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00196-00045600-00045823 and position it so that it would work
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00197-00045824-00045958 within the business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00198-00045959-00046151 and providers were asked to work
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00199-00046152-00046271 together and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00200-00046272-00046486 we felt sharing a data was a bit of a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00201-00046487-00046679 must-have
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00202-00046680-00047079 everybody came along with their
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00203-00047080-00047558 type of dashboard or widget display
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00204-00047559-00047862 interestingly i had begun the process
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00205-00047863-00048118 hoping to have a universal platform that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00206-00048119-00048295 would provide me with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00207-00048296-00048471 all of the data from all of the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00208-00048472-00048695 providers into one platform rather than
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00209-00048696-00048935 having 20 apps or 20
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00210-00048936-00049271 separate dashboards um my view has
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00211-00049272-00049407 changed over the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00212-00049408-00049646 last two years around all that in fact
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00213-00049647-00049751 it changed
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00214-00049752-00049990 far earlier than two years ago in the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00215-00049991-00050135 last two years at least
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00216-00050136-00050311 probably six months in i decided that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00217-00050312-00050511 yes every provider
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00218-00050512-00050735 having their own dashboard was a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00219-00050736-00050990 worthwhile thing so that i could do
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00220-00050991-00051238 some really deep dive analytics if i
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00221-00051239-00051319 want
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00222-00051320-00051558 but also having a universal platform
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00223-00051559-00051742 that provided me with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00224-00051744-00052094 the major data sets in a basic way
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00225-00052095-00052326 was a valuable thing too so i think it's
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00226-00052327-00052494 a it's a bit of a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00227-00052495-00052735 you know a double double whammy there
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00228-00052736-00052854 you need both
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00229-00052855-00053047 if you can get them so what's the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00230-00053048-00053247 digital value proposition
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00231-00053248-00053687 and so i've worked uh through uh
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00232-00053688-00053926 you know the use of these these widgets
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00233-00053927-00054135 and and platforms and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00234-00054136-00054415 um have come up with some use cases that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00235-00054416-00054519 we found
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00236-00054520-00054711 within cal will a pastoral company at
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00237-00054712-00054975 the time i was there
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00238-00054976-00055166 we're providing some return on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00239-00055167-00055366 investment potential
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00240-00055367-00055711 and business practice change
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00241-00055712-00055975 and the ones i'll talk about briefly
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00242-00055976-00056111 this morning
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00243-00056112-00056407 water solutions cattle handing handling
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00244-00056408-00056491 equipment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00245-00056491-00056799 incorporating scales rfid and an auto
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00246-00056800-00056911 drafter
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00247-00056912-00057199 smart tags weather soil probes and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00248-00057200-00057375 irrigation scheduling
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00249-00057376-00057615 satellite pasture measurement some drone
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00250-00057616-00057726 technology
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00251-00057727-00058054 and a really interesting down over the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00252-00058055-00058135 horizon
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00253-00058136-00058326 potential with augmented reality
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00254-00058327-00058503 reporting
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00255-00058504-00058807 so let's get into those now with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00256-00058808-00059079 water solutions there's currently 40
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00257-00059079-00059287 sensors installed monitoring dams
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00258-00059288-00059454 troughs and tanks
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00259-00059455-00059823 there's also six kilometers of a river
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00260-00059824-00059854 that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00261-00059855-00060294 tends to flood in high rainfall events
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00262-00060295-00060511 running through the main property at
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00263-00060512-00060615 carla
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00264-00060616-00060926 so we've got lit river level detection
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00265-00060927-00061303 there for four floods uh we installed
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00266-00061304-00061606 installed uh lorawan 3g and sig fox
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00267-00061607-00061735 connectivity
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00268-00061736-00062023 to test all of those and we found all
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00269-00062024-00062135 were equally
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00270-00062136-00062399 working well and great accuracy and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00271-00062400-00062575 consistency across
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00272-00062576-00063082 all of these these types of connectivity
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00273-00063083-00063247 modes
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00274-00063248-00063423 so if we just have a look at this uh
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00275-00063424-00063566 this screen now
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00276-00063567-00063935 um this is a a reporting screen
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00277-00063936-00064215 by a company called waterwatch tussock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00278-00064216-00064326 out of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00279-00064327-00064591 new zealand and i've just started a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00280-00064591-00064815 screenshot for you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00281-00064816-00065271 so um what i'm doing here on the screen
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00282-00065272-00065543 is working around the various
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00283-00065544-00065879 water points and devices that i
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00284-00065880-00066223 would check on a normal water run
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00285-00066224-00066367 and you can do all of this on your
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00286-00066368-00066591 screen from your computer in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00287-00066592-00066943 in your home or on your mobile phone
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00288-00066944-00067343 now typically um a water run at carla
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00289-00067344-00067615 would be five tanks nine troths and six
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00290-00067616-00067894 dams so say 20 water points
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00291-00067895-00068103 to do that coverage would be 14
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00292-00068104-00068199 kilometers
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00293-00068200-00068447 and take about an hour per check and in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00294-00068448-00068647 the summer we're doing that seven days a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00295-00068648-00068767 week
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00296-00068768-00069079 so annually approximately 180 days of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00297-00069080-00069247 water checking
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00298-00069248-00069543 um the average costs i worked out was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00299-00069544-00069775 around 110 dollars per water
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00300-00069776-00070159 check so nearly 20 000 per annum
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00301-00070160-00070399 uh we reduced the number of physical
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00302-00070400-00070575 checks by 70
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00303-00070576-00070831 so back uh that pulled it back two runs
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00304-00070832-00070975 a week
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00305-00070976-00071271 um so you can see that there was quite a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00306-00071272-00071375 saving
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00307-00071376-00071647 in the cost of warning water checking in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00308-00071648-00071806 the business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00309-00071807-00071991 it's a much better it gives you the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00310-00071992-00072238 ability to utilize your labour units in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00311-00072239-00072343 a different
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00312-00072344-00072662 perhaps more productive way
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00313-00072663-00072879 it gave us peace of mind when we were
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00314-00072880-00072999 monitoring the river
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00315-00073000-00073215 levels that you know we got an early
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00316-00073216-00073438 warning on water rising so we could move
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00317-00073439-00073615 stock off and protect those from the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00318-00073616-00073767 flood
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00319-00073768-00073943 this doesn't mean with any of these
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00320-00073944-00074111 devices that you can sit back
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00321-00074112-00074391 and not ever go out in the paddock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00322-00074392-00074606 there's always the need to go and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00323-00074607-00074831 physically check these things
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00324-00074832-00075175 um however it is a great
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00325-00075176-00075382 device to be able to give you a view of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00326-00075383-00075550 what's going on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00327-00075551-00075887 um from from a remote situation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00328-00075888-00076159 whether it be in your home or like i did
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00329-00076160-00076191 i
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00330-00076192-00076415 mean i had a wonderful opportunity to go
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00331-00076416-00076543 to canada
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00332-00076544-00076911 um last year and whilst i was away i was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00333-00076912-00077206 able to view all of this stuff from the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00334-00077207-00077279 other side
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00335-00077280-00077575 effectively of the world and if i've
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00336-00077576-00077759 since there was an issue
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00337-00077760-00078071 i was able to contact staff and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00338-00078072-00078335 and get onto it but they were also able
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00339-00078336-00078599 to access this while i was away too
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00340-00078600-00078887 and it gave me a great deal of peace of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00341-00078888-00079159 mind to be able to be off the place
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00342-00079160-00079471 and but still have that element of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00343-00079472-00079550 oversight
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00344-00079551-00079775 the next one is some cattle handling
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00345-00079776-00079894 equipment now
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00346-00079895-00080167 being a feeder cattle operation we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00347-00080168-00080406 generally
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00348-00080407-00080838 weigh our cattle every four to six weeks
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00349-00080839-00081350 mob sizes are between 100 and 160 head
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00350-00081351-00081662 a manual way and draft takes three staff
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00351-00081663-00081918 for processing and we're probably doing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00352-00081919-00082182 about 60 to 80 head per hour
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00353-00082183-00082638 we used to have a manual rfid scanning
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00354-00082639-00082750 or i wanted to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00355-00082751-00083062 to track weight gain and the manual
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00356-00083063-00083318 manual operation of a draft forward of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00357-00083319-00083559 the scales at a normal crush
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00358-00083560-00083799 requires a lot of walking or an extra
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00359-00083800-00083879 staff member
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00360-00083880-00084287 there to to operate a gate um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00361-00084288-00084623 so you know it's it's kind of it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00362-00084624-00084791 represents a cost and it's a little
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00363-00084792-00084894 clunky
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00364-00084895-00085206 so mla uh
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00365-00085207-00085518 engaged to pari from new zealand and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00366-00085519-00086199 installed a three-way draft in crush
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00367-00086200-00086526 it has an auto rfid
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00368-00086527-00086879 way weighing system
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00369-00086880-00087071 weight gain info is collected
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00370-00087072-00087247 automatically
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00371-00087248-00087567 um this this was an an amazing uh piece
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00372-00087568-00087687 of equipment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00373-00087688-00087871 um as you can see there's no one
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00374-00087872-00087999 standing there at
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00375-00088000-00088303 the head bail or at the crush um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00376-00088304-00088638 i'm operating this crush um from
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00377-00088639-00088982 about 10 meters away with a key fob type
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00378-00088983-00089367 um device um and the animals basically
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00379-00089368-00089423 stand
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00380-00089424-00089815 on walk onto the uh the way platform and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00381-00089816-00090087 the air operated gates and draft
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00382-00090088-00090303 automatically send them to the correct
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00383-00090304-00090487 position
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00384-00090488-00090759 based on their weight and all of that is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00385-00090760-00090975 automatically sent back to the scale
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00386-00090976-00091047 head
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00387-00091048-00091375 and collected and collated
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00388-00091376-00091662 we had a huge increase in productivity
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00389-00091663-00092126 from the old system of 60 to 80 per hour
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00390-00092127-00092367 it allowed us to draft up to 200 head
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00391-00092368-00092711 per hour
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00392-00092712-00092903 and there was very lit as i said very
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00393-00092904-00093047 little interaction
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00394-00093048-00093311 up at the head bail you'll see me move
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00395-00093312-00093503 forward in a minute and prompt the beast
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00396-00093504-00093662 to go forward but
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00397-00093663-00093967 um very little need for me to be up
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00398-00093968-00093999 there
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00399-00094000-00094438 all the time and so it reduced our labor
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00400-00094439-00094767 uh requirement by 30 to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00401-00094768-00095023 to do a particular draft they were
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00402-00095024-00095094 obviously
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00403-00095095-00095335 allocated so one person was allocated to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00404-00095336-00095479 other tasks
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00405-00095480-00095743 the cattle walked through calmly and for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00406-00095744-00095838 the most part
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00407-00095839-00096111 you know did that all themselves and was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00408-00096112-00096447 highly accurate and consistent weighing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00409-00096448-00096862 and i can't speak highly enough of how
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00410-00096863-00096911 good it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00411-00096912-00097206 it worked it was um a very very
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00412-00097207-00097503 efficient system to employ
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00413-00097504-00097694 of course you know this this is a this
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00414-00097695-00097926 is a system that would cost you know
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00415-00097927-00098215 30 odd thousand dollars to install so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00416-00098216-00098391 you need to have that return on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00417-00098392-00098582 investment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00418-00098583-00098799 but it was would be forthcoming over a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00419-00098800-00098950 period of time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00420-00098951-00099335 um smart animal tags um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00421-00099336-00099543 carla pastel has a breeding herd of a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00422-00099544-00099694 thousand cows
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00423-00099695-00099991 so monitoring animal health aspects is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00424-00099992-00100382 always desirable
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00425-00100383-00100638 we found that we felt there was a use
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00426-00100639-00100943 case in tracking cattle movement from a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00427-00100944-00100999 grazing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00428-00101000-00101391 perspective tracking bulls during
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00429-00101392-00101518 joining
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00430-00101519-00101638 could lead to the significant
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00431-00101639-00101982 productivity increases
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00432-00101983-00102223 and i felt that was probably where our
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00433-00102224-00102454 greatest potential return on investment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00434-00102455-00102766 and practice change would come from
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00435-00102767-00103078 so again here we have a screenshot of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00436-00103079-00103278 what we are seeing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00437-00103279-00103551 on our pcs in relation to individual
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00438-00103552-00103623 tags
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00439-00103624-00104030 on on cows and bulls
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00440-00104031-00104366 so as you can see each cow has a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00441-00104367-00104671 or animal has a a tag
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00442-00104672-00104990 that's an rfid connected tag
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00443-00104991-00105278 with a gps tracking inside it has a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00444-00105279-00105399 solar panel on the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00445-00105400-00105678 on the rear of it to to keep the the tag
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00446-00105679-00105815 charged
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00447-00105816-00106071 uh and it is able to tell us distance
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00448-00106072-00106166 cover
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00449-00106167-00106471 of an animal over a period of time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00450-00106472-00106686 it's able to show us the tracks of all
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00451-00106688-00106807 those animals as it's
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00452-00106808-00107007 just come up it even shows you the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00453-00107008-00107110 movement of those
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00454-00107111-00107407 those animals at a period in time it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00455-00107408-00107631 tracks the temperature of the animal as
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00456-00107632-00107702 well
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00457-00107703-00108063 so it gives us some idea of potential
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00458-00108064-00108383 animal health issues
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00459-00108383-00108590 it was a really really useful bit of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00460-00108591-00108807 gear it showed us where
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00461-00108808-00108966 the animals were focusing on their
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00462-00108967-00109110 grazing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00463-00109111-00109390 and where they weren't so we could make
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00464-00109391-00109527 some
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00465-00109528-00109831 animal restriction
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00466-00109832-00110166 thinking out of that but in terms of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00467-00110167-00110327 tracking bulls we found it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00468-00110328-00110590 in in the end to be probably the the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00469-00110591-00110671 greatest
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00470-00110672-00110927 return for us at this stage and of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00471-00110928-00111071 course these all these things
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00472-00111072-00111319 are all these devices are still under
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00473-00111320-00111478 development ongoing with all of these
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00474-00111479-00111631 companies but
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00475-00111632-00112007 um if i'm able to and i was able to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00476-00112008-00112039 check
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00477-00112040-00112271 track bull activity during a during
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00478-00112272-00112407 joining period
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00479-00112408-00112766 um and if i could increase the carving
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00480-00112767-00112863 or the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00481-00112864-00113095 at least the conception rates by five
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00482-00113096-00113239 percent
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00483-00113240-00113599 um five wieners that you know even
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00484-00113600-00113910 seven hundred dollars ahead uh is is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00485-00113911-00114086 another thirty five hundred dollars to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00486-00114088-00114207 the bottom line per
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00487-00114208-00114607 per annum uh that has significant return
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00488-00114608-00115054 over a thousand cows um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00489-00115055-00115215 you know we were able to see balls that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00490-00115216-00115423 had moved you know five kilometers and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00491-00115424-00115654 some bulls were moving 23 kilometers for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00492-00115655-00115758 example
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00493-00115759-00116047 you know in a daily period it was a a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00494-00116048-00116278 chance to go and find the bulls
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00495-00116279-00116454 and you would be able to exactly
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00496-00116455-00116671 pinpoint where they were based on their
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00497-00116672-00116863 gps coordinates of the tag
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00498-00116864-00117151 on your screen and do a proper health
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00499-00117152-00117343 check on that beast and make sure that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00500-00117344-00117399 he was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00501-00117400-00117854 able to join or if there was an issue
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00502-00117855-00118015 you know in the past we would drive
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00503-00118016-00118295 around the and and view a bull for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00504-00118296-00118631 example and he would be fine he wouldn't
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00505-00118632-00119083 show any signs of a subclinical issue
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00506-00119083-00119415 um but we know from experience all of us
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00507-00119416-00119463 that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00508-00119464-00119799 bulls do have these problems underlying
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00509-00119800-00120086 might serve two cows and then say oh my
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00510-00120088-00120319 backstory i'm going to sit under a tree
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00511-00120320-00120543 being able to identify those bulls with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00512-00120544-00120678 those issues
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00513-00120679-00121023 um would be a a huge huge help
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00514-00121024-00121199 the soil probes and irrigation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00515-00121200-00121407 scheduling um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00516-00121408-00121758 carla has two 23 hectare
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00517-00121759-00122134 center pivot irrigators we needed to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00518-00122135-00122366 understand
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00519-00122367-00122631 you know the weather and soil and how it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00520-00122632-00122983 interacts together
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00521-00122983-00123263 we wanted to match this information to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00522-00123264-00123447 the paddock and the crop requirements at
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00523-00123448-00123558 the time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00524-00123559-00123734 and give us greater accuracy in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00525-00123735-00123958 scheduling irrigation events
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00526-00123959-00124327 not only when but how much
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00527-00124328-00124534 and refine our water applications and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00528-00124535-00124766 maximize water use efficiency
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00529-00124767-00125223 so goanna ag was the company that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00530-00125224-00125607 installed the the irrigation soil probes
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00531-00125608-00125871 uh i should backtrack quickly and give
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00532-00125872-00125958 credit to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00533-00125959-00126302 ids was the company that supplied the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00534-00126303-00126454 cattle tags
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00535-00126455-00126799 um goanna ag did these uh these soil
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00536-00126800-00126943 probes
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00537-00126944-00127134 and we were able to track the soil
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00538-00127135-00127271 moisture movement
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00539-00127272-00127639 looking for the refill point of a crop
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00540-00127640-00127927 and we can see the rise and fall in the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00541-00127928-00128078 moisture
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00542-00128079-00128366 and you'll see this again on this screen
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00543-00128367-00128766 shot
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00544-00128767-00129071 it really helped us to start looking
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00545-00129072-00129302 at our irrigation scheduling the red
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00546-00129303-00129414 dotted line there
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00547-00129415-00129671 is the refill point so every time the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00548-00129672-00129727 water
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00549-00129728-00129990 moves down we would then be able to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00550-00129991-00130071 track
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00551-00130072-00130334 okay now is the time to start watering
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00552-00130335-00130623 before we hit the refill point
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00553-00130624-00130934 um the relationship of weather and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00554-00130935-00131039 rainfall
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00555-00131040-00131327 also had a big impact and and changed
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00556-00131328-00131383 the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00557-00131384-00131614 water tracking and there's a bit of a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00558-00131615-00131735 schedule of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00559-00131736-00132199 of where the the rainfall was happening
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00560-00132200-00132399 we're just using this information
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00561-00132400-00132551 constantly in the end
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00562-00132552-00132863 of my stay at carl willa
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00563-00132864-00133175 to schedule irrigation events being
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00564-00133176-00133431 proactive and not reactive
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00565-00133432-00133639 and we'd started to see a lot less
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00566-00133640-00133766 stress
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00567-00133767-00134151 in the plants in the paddock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00568-00134152-00134454 as a result of this and so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00569-00134455-00134854 potentially reduce our production losses
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00570-00134855-00135095 it's worked really really well the next
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00571-00135096-00135351 step with this would be to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00572-00135352-00135654 link it to some auto start
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00573-00135655-00135999 stop mechanisms or telemetry
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00574-00136000-00136278 so that we could be more efficient with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00575-00136279-00136383 the way that we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00576-00136384-00136702 operate our pivots remotely however this
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00577-00136703-00136854 was a massive
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00578-00136855-00137111 leap forward in the way that we were
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00579-00137112-00137159 doing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00580-00137160-00137390 our small-scale irrigation satellite
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00581-00137391-00137559 pasture measurement
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00582-00137560-00137887 so as a grazing business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00583-00137888-00138166 we're always looking at our pasture
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00584-00138167-00138454 levels and measuring these
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00585-00138455-00138687 and we can make better livestock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00586-00138688-00138823 management decisions
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00587-00138824-00139078 when we know what we have in the paddock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00588-00139079-00139231 um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00589-00139232-00139543 it also it helps us to identify
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00590-00139544-00139871 we feed wedge requirements
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00591-00139872-00140175 and we would spend considerable time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00592-00140176-00140207 each
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00593-00140208-00140607 month moving around the properties
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00594-00140608-00141047 and doing the the pasture measurements
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00595-00141048-00141239 we needed to have an accurate and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00596-00141240-00141647 objective measurement at low cost um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00597-00141648-00141871 some of our pasture measurement was was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00598-00141872-00142014 quite subjective
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00599-00142015-00142390 when done by eye on the run
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00600-00142391-00142631 we would often do it with a probe
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00601-00142632-00142766 however
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00602-00142767-00143102 that was not always you know the best
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00603-00143103-00143214 use of our time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00604-00143215-00143543 so we were looking for a way
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00605-00143544-00143831 of measuring our pasture more
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00606-00143832-00143959 efficiently and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00607-00143960-00144423 at a low cost so this screenshot is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00608-00144424-00144887 a a product provided by sibo labs
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00609-00144888-00145199 so it's a satellite vision of our
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00610-00145200-00145343 pastures
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00611-00145344-00145575 on the car willa property you can see me
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00612-00145576-00145814 i'm toggling around and bringing up
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00613-00145815-00146111 total standing dry matter measurements
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00614-00146112-00146359 and you simply hold the cursor over
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00615-00146360-00146575 a particular paddock and click on it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00616-00146576-00146687 it'll give you your
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00617-00146688-00146966 kilograms per hectare the date that was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00618-00146967-00147151 in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00619-00147152-00147519 inputted and um and and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00620-00147520-00147766 you know how much of the paddock so 93
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00621-00147767-00147919 in that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00622-00147920-00148278 case or 99 in this case of the paddock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00623-00148279-00148414 area that it was
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00624-00148415-00148678 picking up the data across scrubby
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00625-00148679-00148743 paddocks
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00626-00148744-00149166 have less of a percentage of valid data
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00627-00149167-00149439 but you would relate that to what you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00628-00149440-00149511 would see
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00629-00149512-00149766 normally in a visual way on average we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00630-00149767-00149831 were sending
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00631-00149832-00150014 spending about six hours per month
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00632-00150015-00150326 assessing and measuring pasture
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00633-00150327-00150575 and the cost estimate for us was about
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00634-00150576-00150743 eight and a half thousand dollars per
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00635-00150744-00151007 year
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00636-00151008-00151326 most of the time we don't have more time
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00637-00151327-00151623 than one one day per month to spend
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00638-00151624-00151814 doing this
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00639-00151815-00151975 the beauty of a product like this is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00640-00151976-00152214 you're able to reassess every week
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00641-00152215-00152431 these are regularly updated i think
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00642-00152432-00152654 every three or four days
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00643-00152655-00153111 and um so it gives you the ability to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00644-00153112-00153383 to look at these very quickly and very
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00645-00153384-00153471 often
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00646-00153472-00153639 you've got a variety of screens that you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00647-00153640-00153854 can use as well depending on what your
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00648-00153855-00153983 preferred
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00649-00153984-00154343 measurement view is in the 90 seconds of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00650-00154344-00154463 this screen video
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00651-00154464-00154878 we've assessed six paddocks um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00652-00154879-00155183 so the ability to do this quickly
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00653-00155184-00155502 and accurately is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00654-00155503-00155831 making a huge difference to the way that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00655-00155832-00156254 pasture management decisions can be made
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00656-00156255-00156566 um it's very very fast
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00657-00156567-00156959 very very efficient so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00658-00156960-00157199 there are a few of the examples of the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00659-00157200-00157495 things that i've identified early up as
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00660-00157496-00157831 as providing some return on investment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00661-00157832-00157919 potential
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00662-00157920-00158199 and certainly some use case and business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00663-00158200-00158351 change
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00664-00158352-00158590 and we've we have done that in business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00665-00158591-00158854 so i know that these things work
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00666-00158855-00159014 i guess there's always visions for the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00667-00159015-00159239 future and um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00668-00159240-00159566 you know i'm looking forward to seeing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00669-00159567-00159751 some of these things i've listed here
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00670-00159752-00159975 implemented and assessed in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00671-00159976-00160302 in business situations and you know
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00672-00160303-00160366 we're well
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00673-00160367-00160671 into that sort of uh that realm now so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00674-00160672-00160863 walk over weighing systems
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00675-00160864-00161102 i i can see you know they're being used
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00676-00161103-00161287 regularly in the north of australia i
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00677-00161288-00161495 can see an application for those
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00678-00161496-00161807 even the southern southern grazing zones
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00679-00161808-00162102 um new and emerging sheep and cattle
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00680-00162103-00162175 tags
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00681-00162176-00162431 really smart ones again there's quite a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00682-00162432-00162551 few being
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00683-00162552-00162895 pushed around and are developing as we
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00684-00162896-00163095 go along which is fantastic
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00685-00163096-00163375 virtual fencing systems for both cattle
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00686-00163376-00163471 and sheep
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00687-00163472-00163743 i know that and i'm sure the audience
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00688-00163744-00163847 has found
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00689-00163848-00164159 virtual fencing for cattle options
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00690-00164160-00164519 being spoken of not many for sheep so
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00691-00164520-00164878 that would be good further advancement
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00692-00164879-00164902 in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00693-00164903-00165223 irrigation solutions that could
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00694-00165224-00165471 potentially link to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00695-00165472-00165863 nutritional inputs as well
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00696-00165864-00166159 that they're always a big bonus to any
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00697-00166160-00166463 any producer in the irrigation space
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00698-00166464-00166743 autonomous electric vehicles they're
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00699-00166744-00166871 starting to turn up
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00700-00166872-00167302 and have some exciting potential use
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00701-00167303-00167502 cases in my view
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00702-00167503-00167790 augmented reality and drone tech for all
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00703-00167791-00167959 areas of the farm and i've got a couple
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00704-00167960-00168159 of short videos here to show you
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00705-00168160-00168438 those in a second on a couple of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00706-00168439-00168583 projects that i've worked
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00707-00168584-00169031 with providers within the mla framework
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00708-00169032-00169199 and then linking it all together with
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00709-00169200-00169335 you know high-level interactive
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00710-00169336-00169526 reporting and analysis
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00711-00169527-00169719 platforms so that we can get the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00712-00169720-00169943 absolute most out of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00713-00169944-00170295 these implementations um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00714-00170296-00170551 without costing us hours and hours in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00715-00170552-00170743 front of the pc
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00716-00170744-00170951 and of course that helps everybody to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00717-00170952-00171126 continue to build the return on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00718-00171127-00171190 investment
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00719-00171191-00171454 business business change paradigms and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00720-00171455-00171511 evidence
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00721-00171512-00171999 it's um it's a pretty exciting space
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00722-00172000-00172326 so a couple of videos now as we we head
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00723-00172327-00172526 towards the end of the webinar
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00724-00172527-00172823 um and this one is a video from a
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00725-00172824-00173031 company called aerodyne
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00726-00173032-00173683 um just have a quick look and then we'll
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00727-00173684-00175972 speak
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00728-00175973-00176718 [Music]
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00729-00176719-00178068 [Music]
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00730-00178069-00178671 [Music]
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00732-00181896-00182263 so eredine came to carla pasture company
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00733-00182264-00182347 in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00734-00182348-00182638 2019 and actually
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00735-00182639-00182935 did some field testing and validation of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00736-00182936-00183102 all the things that you've just seen on
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00737-00183103-00183223 that
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00738-00183224-00183535 on that video some of the results were
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00739-00183536-00183775 very impressive
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00740-00183776-00184151 and they continued to to roll out
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00741-00184152-00184459 their project space with a name for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00742-00184460-00184575 commercialisation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00743-00184576-00184895 soon so very very exciting
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00744-00184896-00185078 plenty of different ways you can use
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00745-00185079-00185247 drones these days
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00746-00185248-00185654 and can be quite a cost-effective
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00747-00185655-00186007 solution of course autonomous
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00748-00186008-00186463 flight would be the take-home uh
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00749-00186464-00186726 development that everyone would would
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00750-00186727-00186854 like to be seeing
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00751-00186855-00187143 um you know as part of the drone
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00752-00187144-00187223 offering
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00753-00187224-00187566 regardless of company so we hope that um
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00754-00187567-00187775 that sort of thing might be coming in
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00755-00187776-00187999 the future as well
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00756-00188000-00188207 the final slide i've got for you is an
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00757-00188208-00188335 augmented reality
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00758-00188336-00188631 video i was approached by one of the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00759-00188632-00188783 companies in this space
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00760-00188784-00189054 through the mla project as a way of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00761-00189055-00189254 displaying data
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00762-00189255-00189631 on a device whether it be a mobile phone
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00763-00189632-00189966 or tablet in the paddock or in your car
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00764-00189967-00190143 as you're driving around and i think
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00765-00190144-00190447 it's i think it's very exciting
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00766-00190448-00190726 and i think it could be something of the
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00767-00190727-00190926 way of displaying things in the future
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00768-00190927-00191102 so here's the video for
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00769-00191103-00192029 augmented reality
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00770-00192030-00194463 [Music]
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00771-00194464-00194678 so that was uh presented by a company
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00772-00194679-00194799 called org
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00773-00194800-00195038 out of sydney so i thank them very much
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00774-00195039-00195350 for those
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00775-00195351-00195550 that just about brings me to the end of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00776-00195551-00195823 my presentation
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00777-00195824-00196183 thank you everybody for listening in and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00778-00196184-00196263 watching this
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00779-00196264-00196535 everyone will have a very different view
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00780-00196536-00196575 of
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00781-00196576-00196831 how they will use the technology and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00782-00196832-00196975 what returns
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00783-00196976-00197214 on investment and use case and business
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00784-00197215-00197319 change there might be
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00785-00197320-00197711 but it's a great space it's an emerging
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00786-00197712-00198054 area and i would strongly encourage
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00787-00198055-00198166 anyone to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00788-00198167-00198390 who's thinking about this to to speak to
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00789-00198391-00198566 some advisors
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00790-00198567-00198919 and build an i a a project and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00791-00198920-00199159 implement it as soon as you can it's
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00792-00199160-00199247 well worth it
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00793-00199248-00199559 thank you very much
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00794-00199560-00199831 thanks darren for sharing your insight
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00795-00199832-00199943 and expertise
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00796-00199944-00200190 in regard to the economics of digital
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00797-00200191-00200335 technologies
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00798-00200336-00200583 um the red meat wool growth program is
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00799-00200584-00200647 initiative
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00800-00200648-00200847 of primary industries in region south
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00801-00200848-00200959 australia
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00802-00200960-00201135 and supported by meat and livestock
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00803-00201136-00201366 australia south australian sheep and
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00804-00201367-00201502 cattle industry funds
+Gx6k3F8NcGo-00805-00201503-00201984 and sheep connect south australia
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00000-00000019-00000356 the first ever offering of tell fest was
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00001-00000357-00000580 held on the 5th of November 2018 in the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00002-00000581-00000808 Hedley bull Center my name is Katie
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00003-00000809-00000958 frond and I was the convener of this
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00004-00000959-00001097 event and I just wanted to share with
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00005-00001098-00001310 you a few reflections on how tell fest
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00006-00001311-00001673 went just before I get started I wanted
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00007-00001673-00001873 to say that this was of course a team
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00008-00001875-00002077 effort and I've included a photo of our
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00009-00002078-00002348 fabulous annual online team there and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00010-00002349-00002518 every one of them was integral in making
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00011-00002519-00002750 tell fest such a great success so thank
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00012-00002751-00003022 you everyone
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00013-00003023-00003206 just to give you a bit of background
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00014-00003207-00003436 information about tell fest this was the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00015-00003438-00003668 first ever event that was a showcase of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00016-00003669-00003776 teaching and learning with technology
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00017-00003777-00004127 for the whole university here at Anu it
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00018-00004128-00004322 was designed particularly to give
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00019-00004323-00004520 academics a chance to share and discuss
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00020-00004521-00004643 their teaching practice and their
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00021-00004644-00004886 innovative ideas we had a lot of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00022-00004887-00005027 interest in the event from the very
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00023-00005028-00005186 beginning we received a lot more
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00024-00005187-00005381 presentation proposals than we inspect
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00025-00005382-00005611 it expected and registration had to be
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00026-00005612-00005747 closed early because we reached capacity
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00027-00005748-00006017 for the venues so we had 97 attendees
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00028-00006018-00006238 and a range of panels workshops
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00029-00006239-00006491 presentations and demonstrations over
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00030-00006492-00006786 the course of the day
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00031-00006787-00007009 some of the highlights of the event were
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00032-00007009-00007201 the fantastic collaboration that we were
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00033-00007202-00007453 able to achieve thanks with students
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00034-00007454-00007588 thanks to the great efforts of our
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00035-00007589-00007789 student representatives in Aneesa and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00036-00007790-00008086 Parsa so special thanks to them I also
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00037-00008087-00008260 want to highlight the contributions from
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00038-00008261-00008443 the Anu Medical School who submitted
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00039-00008444-00008656 around eight presentations just about
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00040-00008657-00008863 the great work being done in that school
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00041-00008864-00009136 and there's a photo there of dr. Alex
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00042-00009137-00009271 Webb from the medical school who was
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00043-00009272-00009517 integral to making telfa such a success
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00044-00009518-00009835 with her enthusiasm the key highlight of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00045-00009836-00010056 the event for all of us I think was the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00046-00010057-00010246 opportunities for sharing and networking
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00047-00010247-00010498 across colleges giving academics a
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00048-00010499-00010642 chance to interact with people they
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00049-00010643-00010891 might never otherwise meet and the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00050-00010892-00011065 sharing of a combination of the kind of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00051-00011066-00011323 big picture issues and also practical
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00052-00011324-00011566 in-class experiences that academics have
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00053-00011567-00011869 using technology
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00054-00011870-00012103 the feedback that we received was
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00055-00012104-00012293 overwhelmingly positive which was
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00056-00012294-00012623 absolutely fantastic we had 100% of the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00057-00012624-00012818 50 respondents say that they would
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00058-00012819-00013043 attend a future tell fest and a lot of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00059-00013044-00013213 them expressed interest in related
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00060-00013215-00013427 events like masterclasses communities of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00061-00013428-00013597 practice and so on so we're looking
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00062-00013599-00013760 forward to offering more events like
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00063-00013761-00014344 that in 2019 here's just a few kind of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00064-00014344-00014540 samples from the feedback that we
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00065-00014541-00014801 received in particular highlighting the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00066-00014802-00015161 the inclusion of different voices and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00067-00015162-00015541 experiences and also getting an
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00068-00015543-00015694 opportunity to see what's happening at
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00069-00015696-00015869 around the ANU and not just being
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00070-00015869-00016055 isolated in kind of college or school
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00071-00016056-00016483 areas one participant noted that that
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00072-00016484-00016709 they hope that we in keep going with
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00073-00016710-00016868 this kind of initiative to attract
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00074-00016869-00017044 people who would not normally go to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00075-00017045-00017398 these sorts of events
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00076-00017399-00017594 some of the things that we'd like to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00077-00017595-00017846 work on improving for a future offering
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00078-00017847-00018064 of tell fest would primarily be around
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00079-00018065-00018332 having more equal participation from
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00080-00018333-00018647 across all the colleges we worked really
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00081-00018648-00018827 hard to ensure that tell fest is
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00082-00018828-00019064 advertised and perceived as
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00083-00019065-00019253 complimentary - and not in competition
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00084-00019254-00019466 to college based teaching and learning
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00085-00019467-00019760 days as some colleges have days like
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00086-00019761-00020027 that and some do not as the central team
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00087-00020028-00020450 an you online is kind of as a central
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00088-00020451-00020585 team an you online can encourage
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00089-00020586-00020792 breaking down these barriers and silos
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00090-00020793-00021055 in a way that college based ones can't
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00091-00021056-00021248 one of the other things that we'd like
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00092-00021249-00021494 to do a bit more of is to have more
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00093-00021495-00021713 radical or provocative sessions designed
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00094-00021714-00022004 to address the elephant in the room so
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00095-00022005-00022133 to speak the kind of issues around
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00096-00022134-00022532 workload and the effort and cost that it
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00097-00022533-00022718 can often take to design innovative
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00098-00022719-00023117 practices with tell another area that
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00099-00023118-00023312 we'd really like to capitalize on is to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00100-00023313-00023534 offer a few more hands-on workshops and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00101-00023535-00023702 more practical sessions so that people
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00102-00023703-00023876 can come away with some new skills and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00103-00023877-00024215 ideas and finally I think we needed to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00104-00024216-00024353 provide a bit more information about
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00105-00024354-00024575 what a and you online can do in terms of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00106-00024576-00024830 supporting tell and giving academics the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00107-00024831-00025076 support that they need to integrate tel
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00108-00025077-00025342 into their teaching
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00109-00025343-00025589 one of the other things that I'd really
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00110-00025590-00025838 like to share is the post-it notes that
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00111-00025839-00026072 were shared on our idea wall so we put
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00112-00026073-00026300 up some big boards on the wall and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00113-00026301-00026510 invited participants at Tel Fest to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00114-00026511-00026702 share their ideas around what they would
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00115-00026702-00026981 like Anu to do in the future and here's
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00116-00026982-00027185 a few of the post-it notes that were
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00117-00027186-00027287 shared there that I think are
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00118-00027288-00027605 particularly relevant so we had a lot of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00119-00027606-00028049 people call for Anu to recognize the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00120-00028050-00028370 staff time hours and workload that's
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00121-00028370-00028541 required to be innovative in your
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00122-00028542-00028760 teaching and to provide staff with the
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00123-00028761-00029006 pay and the time to do that
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00124-00029007-00029174 and another person commented that they'd
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00125-00029175-00029402 like to see the university reward
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00126-00029402-00029561 excellence in teaching as part of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00127-00029562-00029813 academic promotions processes and giving
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00128-00029814-00029999 people a chance to talk about this at
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00129-00030000-00030413 their promotions interviews someone very
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00130-00030414-00030641 kindly suggested that we have tell fests
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00131-00030642-00030791 each year which we're definitely hoping
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00132-00030792-00031108 to do for 2019 and also to amend the Anu
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00133-00031110-00031304 vision to include professional staff as
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00134-00031305-00031460 part of the four pillars as well as
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00135-00031461-00031874 academics and students that's just a
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00136-00031875-00032057 quick tour of some of the highlights of
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00137-00032058-00032363 Tel fest for 2018 I want to thank
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00138-00032364-00032576 everyone who participated attended
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00139-00032577-00032810 supported and contributed to making it
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00140-00032811-00033047 such a fantastic event we are currently
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00141-00033048-00033263 preparing recordings and slide decks
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00142-00033264-00033419 from all the presentations that were
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00143-00033420-00033593 done that you'll be able to access and
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00144-00033594-00033830 to find more information and all these
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00145-00033831-00034040 resources please visit the website
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00146-00034041-00034259 listed there on your screen at tel fest
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00147-00034260-00034604 dot weblog sautée and you edu au thank
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00148-00034605-00034742 you everyone and we look forward to
+G-En_dcJb1Q-00149-00034743-00035132 seeing you at Tel Fest 2019
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00000-00000081-00000973 [Music]
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00001-00000974-00002341 [Music]
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00002-00002342-00002742 [Music]
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00003-00002743-00002995 first of all what is what is it that
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00004-00002996-00003540 you're calling as enlightenment see a
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00005-00003542-00003724 moment of oneness that people may
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00006-00003725-00003915 experience cannot be considered
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00007-00003917-00004333 enlightenment if that is a thing we have
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00008-00004334-00004519 hundreds and thousands of people who are
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00009-00004520-00004699 gone through power Spandana who have
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00010-00004700-00005095 known moments of oneness seeing that
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00011-00005096-00005374 moment of oneness if we have to use an
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00012-00005375-00005800 analogy how it is is you are living in
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00013-00005801-00006217 an enclosed area now you went on a
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00014-00006218-00006559 trampoline and just jumped up and jumped
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00015-00006559-00006868 up and jumped up one leap really took
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00016-00006869-00007173 you very high and you look beyond the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00017-00007175-00007610 wall and you saw something incredible
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00018-00007611-00007935 but you fell back on the trampoline you
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00019-00007936-00008098 have to work on the trampoline work on
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00020-00008098-00008242 the trampoline work in the trampoline
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00021-00008243-00008755 once in a way again this glimpse changes
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00022-00008756-00009060 your perception once you have seen that
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00023-00009061-00009321 the way you look at life changes because
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00024-00009322-00009634 you have seen that for one moment the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00025-00009635-00009921 way you respond and conduct yourself in
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00026-00009922-00010189 the world will change but this cannot be
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00027-00010190-00010645 considered enlightenment now you have to
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00028-00010646-00011014 build a ladder and cross the wall just
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00029-00011015-00011188 jumping and looking jumping and looking
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00030-00011189-00011503 is not enough so if you cross the ladder
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00031-00011504-00011739 if you cross the wall if you climb the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00032-00011740-00012037 ladder and cross the wall then you can't
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00033-00012038-00012499 retain the physical body if you're if
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00034-00012500-00012828 you raise beyond a certain pitch if your
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00035-00012829-00013025 energies raise beyond a certain pitch
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00036-00013026-00013309 then this physical body cannot hold it
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00037-00013310-00013406 anymore
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00038-00013407-00013916 so for 99% of the enlightened beings
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00039-00013918-00014191 enlightenment and the moment of leaving
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00040-00014191-00014590 the body are same so they don't stay
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00041-00014591-00014956 usually those who wish to stay one thing
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00042-00014957-00015196 is people who have understood or who
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00043-00015197-00015363 have mastery
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00044-00015363-00015690 or the physical system only they can
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00045-00015691-00016022 hold on to the system generally it is
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00046-00016024-00016269 only people who are on the path of Kriya
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00047-00016269-00016530 yoga who can hold on to the body because
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00048-00016531-00016668 they understand the mechanics of the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00049-00016669-00016815 body they know all the tricks of the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00050-00016816-00017097 body so they hold onto the body other
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00051-00017098-00017382 people who work to this level of
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00052-00017383-00017580 intensity either through awareness or
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00053-00017581-00017811 through devotion or through any other
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00054-00017812-00018129 means if they attain to that either
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00055-00018130-00018363 through action devotion or awareness if
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00056-00018364-00018582 they attain to that they cannot hold
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00057-00018583-00018756 onto the body they have to leave the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00058-00018757-00019278 body so most enlightened beings 99% will
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00059-00019279-00019434 leave the body at the moment of
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00060-00019435-00019590 enlightenment you will never see them
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00061-00019591-00020067 again otherwise you will have to pay a
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00062-00020068-00020277 play many tricks to hold on to the body
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00063-00020278-00020594 you heard of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa you
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00064-00020595-00020943 heard of Ramakrishna okay you heard
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00065-00020944-00021339 Vivekananda Vivekananda was the first
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00066-00021340-00021644 yogi who came to United States in 1893
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00067-00021645-00022005 and caused waves in this country at that
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00068-00022006-00022328 time he came to Chicago and spoke in the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00069-00022329-00022497 Parliament of Religions he was the first
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00070-00022498-00022853 yogi who really created some amount of
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00071-00022854-00023253 awareness in this part of the world his
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00072-00023254-00023503 guru was ramakrishna paramhamsa
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00073-00023504-00023888 ramakrishna is very crystallized
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00074-00023889-00024366 consciousness but for him to retain the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00075-00024367-00024815 body was always a struggle
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00076-00024816-00025119 people in his own lifetime people saw
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00077-00025120-00025478 him godlike people really saw him as God
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00078-00025479-00025839 they worshiped him he was a very simple
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00079-00025839-00026171 uneducated man but he lived in such a
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00080-00026172-00026377 way that people really worshipped him
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00081-00026378-00026988 but he was mad about food he will be
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00082-00026989-00027348 talking to his disciples spiritual
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00083-00027349-00027804 discourse instances wait one minute he
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00084-00027805-00028032 will go and ask his wife what's cooking
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00085-00028033-00028380 to
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00086-00028381-00028660 his wife started I used to feel ashamed
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00087-00028661-00028918 what is the problem even I'm not
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00088-00028919-00029257 thinking about food why you you're God
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00089-00029258-00029623 for us why are you like this he said
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00090-00029624-00030000 it's okay what's cooking
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00091-00030001-00030319 one day she felt so terribly ashamed of
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00092-00030320-00030949 him she told him I am ashamed of you why
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00093-00030950-00031270 are you just stuck to food like this her
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00094-00031270-00031669 Ramakrishna said one day when you bring
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00095-00031670-00031960 the thali thali means that part of the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00096-00031961-00032208 country you know we in India we eat in
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00097-00032210-00032539 such large plates very large metal
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00098-00032539-00032953 plates and food is preserved preserved
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00099-00032954-00033352 and brought so it is called a thali so
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00100-00033353-00033676 he said when you bring the thali if I
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00101-00033677-00033897 don't show any interest if I look away
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00102-00033898-00034147 you must understand I have only three
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00103-00034148-00034678 days left almost six or seven years
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00104-00034679-00034908 after this incident
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00105-00034909-00035323 Ramakrishna always ate on a swing this
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00106-00035324-00035488 is also part of the Indian thing you
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00107-00035489-00035722 know in our homes we have large swings
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00108-00035723-00036055 like something like three by eight kind
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00109-00036056-00036313 of swing it's usually in the afternoons
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00110-00036314-00036583 people sleep on it they take a nap on it
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00111-00036584-00036804 and the whole family sits on the swing
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00112-00036805-00037093 it's almost all our homes usually have
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00113-00037094-00037243 this swings even today I have these
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00114-00037244-00037507 swings at home very large swing where
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00115-00037508-00037777 five six people can sit on the swing and
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00116-00037778-00038320 gently go about that's part of the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00117-00038321-00038659 family excitement you can't swing it
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00118-00038660-00038859 hard because it's inside the building
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00119-00038860-00039322 just gently you can sway so he always
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00120-00039323-00039547 used to sit on the swing and have his
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00121-00039548-00039868 lunch so on that particular day Sharda
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00122-00039869-00040162 brought his lunch and he showed no
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00123-00040163-00040374 interest he looked away from the food
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00124-00040375-00040609 suddenly he was not interested in the
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00125-00040610-00040981 food then she broke down and cried she
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00126-00040982-00041317 knew only three days he said no point
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00127-00041318-00041707 crying now he saw the time is up so for
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00128-00041708-00042079 him food is not the big deal for him but
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00129-00042080-00042271 he consciously created this desire
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00130-00042272-00042637 continuously to hold on to his body this
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00131-00042638-00043102 was his way of somehow without a desire
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00132-00043103-00043389 you can't stay if he closes his eyes
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00133-00043390-00043885 he'll be gone so he constantly created a
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00134-00043886-00044100 conscious desire for food all the time
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00135-00044101-00044475 making himself crazy about food
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00136-00044476-00045586 consciously as a divisive foundation
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00137-00045587-00045770 orgy
+G-Y-PSOqIBU-00138-00045771-00045997 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00000-00000048-00000275 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00002-00005758-00008455 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00004-00013116-00015021 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00008-00032012-00032968 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00013-00070115-00071415 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00014-00071416-00072479 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00015-00072480-00074300 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00017-00093872-00095478 foreign
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00018-00095479-00097015 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00019-00097016-00097703 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00020-00097704-00098991 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00021-00098992-00099382 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00022-00099383-00100484 is
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00024-00103511-00104130 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00025-00104131-00106321 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00028-00134040-00134295 when somebody brings some paper with
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00029-00134296-00137278 some drawings on it and calls it money
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00030-00137279-00137643 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00031-00137644-00138583 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00032-00138584-00140703 okay
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00033-00140704-00141300 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00035-00151064-00152607 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00041-00204488-00204997 um
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00044-00227648-00227894 when somebody brings some paper with
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00045-00227896-00228158 some drawings on it and calls it money
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00046-00228159-00228656 that is all
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00048-00232296-00233032 home
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00049-00233033-00234937 [Music]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00050-00234938-00235246 [Applause]
+GBnW-YrJLpg-00051-00235248-00235548 my
+GBWez238kCE-00000-00000107-00000424 hey guys and welcome back today we're
+GBWez238kCE-00001-00000425-00000641 back in scx6 Challenge and today we're
+GBWez238kCE-00002-00000642-00000844 gonna go right out to the rack and we've
+GBWez238kCE-00003-00000846-00001241 got a six stage course with 12 gates one
+GBWez238kCE-00004-00001242-00001427 entering one exiting and we're gonna
+GBWez238kCE-00005-00001428-00001636 compare heads up in the end of the show
+GBWez238kCE-00006-00001637-00001930 we're gonna give one cosmetic upgrade
+GBWez238kCE-00007-00001932-00002105 and then the losing car will actually
+GBWez238kCE-00008-00002106-00002326 get a performance upgrade to see in The
+GBWez238kCE-00009-00002327-00002500 Following episode if they can keep up
+GBWez238kCE-00010-00002501-00002776 with the challenges repeated again so
+GBWez238kCE-00011-00002777-00004813 let's see what happens
+GBWez238kCE-00012-00004814-00005002 thank you
+GBWez238kCE-00014-00009870-00010121 oh timer's running you better get
+GBWez238kCE-00015-00010122-00012894 through that gate
+GBWez238kCE-00016-00012895-00013201 oh oh
+GBWez238kCE-00017-00013202-00013571 she's in trouble
+GBWez238kCE-00018-00013572-00014719 oh she's in trouble
+GBWez238kCE-00019-00014719-00014957 boom don't worry about our secret driver
+GBWez238kCE-00020-00014958-00017153 nobody know who that guy is
+GBWez238kCE-00021-00017154-00017269 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00023-00020801-00021431 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00024-00021432-00023933 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00025-00023934-00026014 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00026-00026016-00026285 so you got to keep that front tire way
+GBWez238kCE-00027-00026286-00027545 up on that Hill
+GBWez238kCE-00028-00027545-00030395 thank you
+GBWez238kCE-00029-00030395-00033244 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00030-00033245-00034355 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00031-00034356-00035375 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00032-00035376-00037057 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00033-00037058-00037843 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00034-00037844-00038041 thank you
+GBWez238kCE-00035-00038042-00039300 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00036-00039301-00039908 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00037-00039909-00041230 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00038-00041231-00041423 evening
+GBWez238kCE-00039-00041424-00041702 games
+GBWez238kCE-00040-00041703-00043967 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00041-00043968-00044720 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00042-00044721-00047296 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00043-00047297-00048162 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00044-00048163-00048982 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00045-00048983-00051855 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00046-00051857-00054215 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00047-00054216-00054461 stay up on the rocks make sure that that
+GBWez238kCE-00048-00054462-00054635 uh
+GBWez238kCE-00049-00054636-00054826 yeah
+GBWez238kCE-00050-00054827-00055129 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00051-00055129-00055361 it's that bad tire you're dropping it
+GBWez238kCE-00052-00055362-00055782 down there
+GBWez238kCE-00053-00055783-00056032 you go back I'm gonna get reset right in
+GBWez238kCE-00054-00056033-00056928 the v-crack
+GBWez238kCE-00055-00056929-00057113 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00056-00057114-00057388 ER
+GBWez238kCE-00057-00057389-00057697 are you doing that
+GBWez238kCE-00058-00057698-00057923 you got yourself centered up on those
+GBWez238kCE-00059-00057924-00058216 axles now uh there you go back up real
+GBWez238kCE-00060-00058217-00058607 slow real slow so you stay up there
+GBWez238kCE-00061-00058608-00058849 oh yeah there you go give me more driver
+GBWez238kCE-00062-00058850-00059159 gotta keep that back oh there you go and
+GBWez238kCE-00063-00059160-00059279 we gotta keep the back tire out of the
+GBWez238kCE-00064-00059279-00059591 ditch just stay going passenger
+GBWez238kCE-00065-00059591-00059854 stay passenger
+GBWez238kCE-00066-00059855-00060199 there you go nice and slow
+GBWez238kCE-00067-00060200-00060491 stay passenger little driver little
+GBWez238kCE-00068-00060491-00060832 driver little driver you gotta get that
+GBWez238kCE-00069-00060833-00060994 tire up to wedge it now back Tire's
+GBWez238kCE-00070-00060995-00061110 falling
+GBWez238kCE-00071-00061111-00061415 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00072-00061416-00061709 oh
+GBWez238kCE-00073-00061710-00062270 yeah
+GBWez238kCE-00074-00062271-00062894 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00075-00062895-00064492 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00076-00064494-00064866 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00077-00064866-00067505 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00078-00067506-00067791 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00079-00067792-00068379 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00080-00068380-00068783 [Applause]
+GBWez238kCE-00081-00068784-00069601 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00082-00069602-00070551 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00083-00070552-00070900 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00084-00070901-00071975 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00085-00071976-00073494 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00086-00073495-00073955 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00087-00073956-00074294 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00088-00074295-00074886 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00089-00074887-00077218 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00090-00077219-00078035 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00091-00078036-00078341 so like I said we obviously have a
+GBWez238kCE-00092-00078342-00078532 pretty dominant winner which is going to
+GBWez238kCE-00093-00078533-00078706 be the trail truck and I think it's a
+GBWez238kCE-00094-00078707-00078911 lot about it being
+GBWez238kCE-00095-00078912-00079103 um top heavy where it keeps on Flipping
+GBWez238kCE-00096-00079104-00079385 backwards or falling over so I feel like
+GBWez238kCE-00097-00079386-00079511 that we're going to do something about
+GBWez238kCE-00098-00079512-00079781 that and what we're going to do for that
+GBWez238kCE-00099-00079782-00080003 is we're going to do a set of the
+GBWez238kCE-00100-00080004-00080165 swamper Tire upgrades because I feel
+GBWez238kCE-00101-00080166-00080297 like having the weight down low and
+GBWez238kCE-00102-00080298-00080482 holding it down is really the only thing
+GBWez238kCE-00103-00080483-00080597 that's going to make a top heavy doesn't
+GBWez238kCE-00104-00080598-00080782 have anything heavy like the other rig
+GBWez238kCE-00105-00080783-00080879 has
+GBWez238kCE-00106-00080880-00081125 so with it being having a performance
+GBWez238kCE-00107-00081126-00081305 upgrade the trio rig is actually going
+GBWez238kCE-00108-00081306-00081521 to get a cosmetic upgrade and so the
+GBWez238kCE-00109-00081522-00081779 vidavon rig so let's start with that
+GBWez238kCE-00110-00081780-00082055 cosmetic upgrade for the trail rig
+GBWez238kCE-00111-00082056-00082217 so we're gonna have to pull some
+GBWez238kCE-00112-00082218-00082541 upgrades from the upgrade bin and like
+GBWez238kCE-00113-00082542-00082871 we said we're gonna go ahead and do a
+GBWez238kCE-00114-00082872-00083249 performance upgrade for the vidavon rig
+GBWez238kCE-00115-00083250-00083476 for the top heaviness and in here I've
+GBWez238kCE-00116-00083477-00083644 already got them on top we're gonna go
+GBWez238kCE-00117-00083645-00083843 ahead and go with a set of super Super
+GBWez238kCE-00118-00083844-00084094 Swampers now these don't have the steady
+GBWez238kCE-00119-00084095-00084293 Foams in them these have normal I feel
+GBWez238kCE-00120-00084294-00084455 like that's another different type of
+GBWez238kCE-00121-00084456-00084611 performance upgrade so we're just gonna
+GBWez238kCE-00122-00084612-00084712 do
+GBWez238kCE-00123-00084713-00084965 the performance upgrade of brand new
+GBWez238kCE-00124-00084966-00085343 Swampers on stock wheels so
+GBWez238kCE-00125-00085344-00085462 the other one we're going to do is
+GBWez238kCE-00126-00085463-00085588 that's going to be the performance
+GBWez238kCE-00127-00085589-00085775 upgrade for the vitavon rig now we're
+GBWez238kCE-00128-00085776-00086021 talking about a cosmetic upgrade
+GBWez238kCE-00129-00086022-00086309 and so it's equal I have two of these so
+GBWez238kCE-00130-00086310-00086531 we'll put this bin back on the shelf and
+GBWez238kCE-00131-00086532-00086747 we'll see all the stuff in this Basket
+GBWez238kCE-00132-00086748-00087035 in an episode later maybe some other
+GBWez238kCE-00133-00087036-00087244 Tire testing who knows
+GBWez238kCE-00134-00087245-00087461 um so we have here
+GBWez238kCE-00135-00087462-00087649 um is going to be the power Hobbies
+GBWez238kCE-00136-00087650-00087953 front bumper with a winch opening on it
+GBWez238kCE-00137-00087954-00088331 and mounts for the winch up front
+GBWez238kCE-00138-00088332-00088582 to match that cosmeticness on the trill
+GBWez238kCE-00139-00088583-00088817 rig we're going to go ahead and do this
+GBWez238kCE-00140-00088818-00089050 bumper right here these actual bumper
+GBWez238kCE-00141-00089051-00089368 deletes came from DSM off-road I'm going
+GBWez238kCE-00142-00089369-00089585 to link it below uh if I'm going to have
+GBWez238kCE-00143-00089586-00089812 a rig I'm not going to have a jeep that
+GBWez238kCE-00144-00089813-00090047 has a bumper on it because this would be
+GBWez238kCE-00145-00090048-00090256 my toy rig I would take it on the trail
+GBWez238kCE-00146-00090257-00090394 and I would just run it and not worry
+GBWez238kCE-00147-00090395-00090521 about if I was gonna get a ticket for
+GBWez238kCE-00148-00090522-00090755 not running a front bumper so I'm really
+GBWez238kCE-00149-00090756-00091817 stoked about this cosmetic upgrade
+GBWez238kCE-00150-00091818-00092273 so uh let's replace this front bumper
+GBWez238kCE-00151-00092274-00092711 I'm going to pop this body off
+GBWez238kCE-00152-00092712-00092962 and what we have here is the trill
+GBWez238kCE-00153-00092963-00093209 aluminum front bumper and silver and I
+GBWez238kCE-00154-00093210-00093418 got these ordered from DSM off-road
+GBWez238kCE-00155-00093419-00093671 bumper delete shackles
+GBWez238kCE-00156-00093672-00093862 um I love them I love the way this looks
+GBWez238kCE-00157-00093863-00094037 this just makes it look so rowdy on the
+GBWez238kCE-00158-00094038-00094294 front like just ready to do whatever I
+GBWez238kCE-00159-00094295-00094415 might take one of these out and put them
+GBWez238kCE-00160-00094416-00094588 in the rear bumper but we'll see if we
+GBWez238kCE-00161-00094589-00094736 get to that far on that upgrade
+GBWez238kCE-00162-00094737-00095176 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00163-00095177-00095282 oh
+GBWez238kCE-00164-00095283-00096262 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00165-00096263-00096399 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00166-00096400-00098135 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00167-00098136-00098309 definitely we're gonna go ahead and pull
+GBWez238kCE-00168-00098310-00098609 this pull these pins get this body out
+GBWez238kCE-00169-00098610-00098771 of the way real quick
+GBWez238kCE-00170-00098772-00099115 and uh
+GBWez238kCE-00171-00099116-00099511 go ahead and do a little upgrade
+GBWez238kCE-00172-00099512-00099911 we do have here is uh Power Hobbies
+GBWez238kCE-00173-00099912-00100103 front bumper and wincher integrated
+GBWez238kCE-00174-00100104-00100385 winch mount on here so excited about
+GBWez238kCE-00175-00100386-00100547 this
+GBWez238kCE-00176-00100548-00100800 nice and shiny
+GBWez238kCE-00177-00100801-00101147 it's already got a cut out for the winch
+GBWez238kCE-00178-00101148-00101309 to come through so maybe we're going to
+GBWez238kCE-00179-00101310-00101615 slap a winch on here we'll see and it
+GBWez238kCE-00180-00101616-00101747 has a spot for two different size
+GBWez238kCE-00181-00101748-00101987 winches so you can put something real
+GBWez238kCE-00182-00101988-00102250 big out here too nice little touch on
+GBWez238kCE-00183-00102251-00102803 that it's a little super clean
+GBWez238kCE-00184-00102804-00103353 foreign
+GBWez238kCE-00185-00103354-00103972 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00186-00103973-00105083 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00187-00105083-00105323 so we have
+GBWez238kCE-00188-00105324-00105604 a tire
+GBWez238kCE-00189-00105605-00105793 d
+GBWez238kCE-00190-00105794-00106439 tire tire this tire
+GBWez238kCE-00191-00106440-00106666 so let's go ahead and pop these bad boys
+GBWez238kCE-00192-00106667-00106879 over here one by one
+GBWez238kCE-00193-00106880-00107472 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00194-00107473-00108595 [Music]
+GBWez238kCE-00195-00108596-00108766 so
+GBWez238kCE-00196-00108767-00109054 out with the old stock ones and aim with
+GBWez238kCE-00197-00109055-00109390 the new rubber but we also were
+GBWez238kCE-00198-00109391-00109619 we don't have any steady Foams yet so
+GBWez238kCE-00199-00109620-00109781 that will definitely be a performance
+GBWez238kCE-00200-00109782-00109931 upgrade because your Foams are really
+GBWez238kCE-00201-00109932-00110195 important on having the stability and
+GBWez238kCE-00202-00110196-00110399 traction but not falling over or side
+GBWez238kCE-00203-00110400-00110578 hilling so
+GBWez238kCE-00204-00110579-00110758 we're going to do is flip this bad boy
+GBWez238kCE-00205-00110759-00110986 back over
+GBWez238kCE-00206-00110988-00111208 so that's a nice clean front bumper now
+GBWez238kCE-00207-00111209-00111502 now we got these huge Swampers as you
+GBWez238kCE-00208-00111503-00111760 can see right here with the portals this
+GBWez238kCE-00209-00111761-00111881 is the thing I was really excited about
+GBWez238kCE-00210-00111882-00112163 is that with these portals they're not
+GBWez238kCE-00211-00112164-00112565 going to scrub the shocks which is a big
+GBWez238kCE-00212-00112566-00112708 problem with the other one of them
+GBWez238kCE-00213-00112709-00113086 scrubbing so very excited to see uh all
+GBWez238kCE-00214-00113088-00113447 this come to light
+GBWez238kCE-00215-00113448-00113645 so what does she look like with the full
+GBWez238kCE-00216-00113646-00113939 get down on her huh
+GBWez238kCE-00217-00113940-00114107 so go ahead and wrapping things up I
+GBWez238kCE-00218-00114108-00114286 really like the way this front bumper
+GBWez238kCE-00219-00114288-00114497 looks with the bumper deletes DSM
+GBWez238kCE-00220-00114498-00114707 off-road Smith is special for the scx6
+GBWez238kCE-00221-00114708-00114904 for me I hope you get some more back in
+GBWez238kCE-00222-00114905-00115108 stock uh you can see we did a power
+GBWez238kCE-00223-00115109-00115384 Hobbies front metal bumper or like the
+GBWez238kCE-00224-00115385-00115523 bumper piece that attack where the
+GBWez238kCE-00225-00115524-00115721 bumper attaches at
+GBWez238kCE-00226-00115722-00115990 um and the wings weren't metal metal so
+GBWez238kCE-00227-00115991-00116140 we had to reuse the plastic ones which I
+GBWez238kCE-00228-00116141-00116302 don't think is really a big deal but the
+GBWez238kCE-00229-00116303-00116699 trio one had the aluminum Hoops on it
+GBWez238kCE-00230-00116700-00116945 which were pretty nice I mean I didn't
+GBWez238kCE-00231-00116946-00117040 really think about until the other one
+GBWez238kCE-00232-00117041-00117257 didn't have it but the other giant
+GBWez238kCE-00233-00117258-00117431 performance upgrade we did was we put
+GBWez238kCE-00234-00117432-00117736 the Swampers onto the vitabon rig and
+GBWez238kCE-00235-00117738-00118139 I'm really excited to see how that plays
+GBWez238kCE-00236-00118140-00118223 out
+GBWez238kCE-00237-00118224-00118463 with the top heavy part because there's
+GBWez238kCE-00238-00118464-00118619 still a lot of suspension stuff going on
+GBWez238kCE-00239-00118620-00118871 with both of them where the the vitabon
+GBWez238kCE-00240-00118872-00119027 rig can definitely be lowered down some
+GBWez238kCE-00241-00119028-00119315 and the trill rig could I think there's
+GBWez238kCE-00242-00119316-00119458 a there's like a it's a drop down it's
+GBWez238kCE-00243-00119459-00119639 hitting as well so but we also have a
+GBWez238kCE-00244-00119640-00119939 bunch of other upgrades to do we have
+GBWez238kCE-00245-00119940-00120275 um some servos we've got some other uh
+GBWez238kCE-00246-00120276-00120508 braces Loom braces that's one thing that
+GBWez238kCE-00247-00120509-00120665 did change on there is that the front
+GBWez238kCE-00248-00120666-00120940 brace uh is not plastic anymore so now
+GBWez238kCE-00249-00120941-00121121 that's metal so I'm sure that's kind of
+GBWez238kCE-00250-00121122-00121289 a performance upgrade so there's less
+GBWez238kCE-00251-00121290-00121540 flexing so what was your favorite
+GBWez238kCE-00252-00121541-00121840 upgrade so far and what upgrade are you
+GBWez238kCE-00253-00121841-00122174 looking forward to getting put on there
+GCmi6jozB7Y-00000-00000000-00000233 watch some ground at videos out of him
+GCmi6jozB7Y-00001-00000234-00000532 shut up you racist [__] you have an
+GCmi6jozB7Y-00002-00000533-00000808 attitude problem
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00000-00000035-00000356 I'm 20 men shoe by my way you know
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00001-00000357-00000545 shut up [__] you I'll kill you they said
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00002-00000546-00000730 you anymore I'm here BCI yeah so she
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00003-00000731-00000875 asked me to speak feelings I guess I'm
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00004-00000876-00001033 not the mess rest well through this rest
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00005-00001034-00001202 load the last month in the deep black
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00006-00001203-00001375 shot black throw your beats rapidly got
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00007-00001376-00001562 more more I miss the changeful if you
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00008-00001563-00001684 wanna join
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00009-00001685-00001859 I just wanna please get you many things
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00010-00001860-00002002 that you've never ever seen on the side
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00011-00002003-00002192 for you right now my own or the beige
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00012-00002193-00002381 control like I just being a fat [__]
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00013-00002382-00002537 let me see you let me give me a
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00014-00002538-00002696 champagne with us I'm gonna clean the
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00015-00002697-00002860 gutters right we gonna freak out when
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00016-00002861-00003062 the small flame I'm stopping light light
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00017-00003063-00003281 bulbs not wanting some point oh well
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00018-00003282-00003463 when you 12-week its rightful would be
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00019-00003464-00003622 the windows one would read somebody's
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00020-00003623-00003847 going to always the time right no we
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00021-00003848-00004163 keep keep keep go lot of gas hole with
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00022-00004164-00004363 wall with a lot of gas on would repeat
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00023-00004364-00004538 always walk with a lot of gospel with
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00024-00004539-00004817 reach what went wrong keep-keep go go go
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00025-00004818-00005069 we did go to always go with lot of gas
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00026-00005070-00005225 on would reach what went wrong when I
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00027-00005226-00005477 got my goal I just want a so why throw
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00028-00005478-00005699 Oh Lord no lawyer no Lord forgive me
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00029-00005700-00005827 your Silverthorne
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00030-00005828-00005977 distance it from the Somerset fulfill
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00031-00005978-00006167 blue got to asteroid named to us I don't
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00032-00006168-00006361 know how many tears without any tears
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00033-00006362-00006578 with that already tear through that when
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00034-00006579-00006652 each every back
+GCSgsTWA-ZU-00035-00006653-00006984 [Music]
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00000-00000029-00000275 now in conducting your case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00001-00000276-00000611 there are two main considerations that
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00002-00000612-00000797 you need to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00003-00000798-00000869 um
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00004-00000869-00001162 look into in terms of planning how to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00005-00001163-00001397 conduct your case study the first is
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00006-00001398-00001577 your participant selection
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00007-00001578-00001780 who is going to be
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00008-00001782-00002081 involved in the case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00009-00002082-00002201 now
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00010-00002202-00002387 if your case study is on an individual
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00011-00002388-00002557 that's pretty easy
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00012-00002558-00002921 it's them if it's on a class then you
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00013-00002922-00003058 need to think about is it going to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00014-00003059-00003293 include the students how many students
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00015-00003294-00003617 which students is it going to involve
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00016-00003618-00003827 the teacher is it going to involve the
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00017-00003828-00004072 principle is it going to involve parents
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00018-00004073-00004499 these are all potential stakeholders in
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00019-00004500-00004727 a classroom investigation in terms of a
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00020-00004728-00004913 case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00021-00004914-00005117 so you need to think about who you might
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00022-00005118-00005249 have access to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00023-00005250-00005422 now
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00024-00005423-00005747 in terms of your case studies it might
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00025-00005748-00005938 be other students involved in a course
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00026-00005939-00006238 it might be lecturers it might be a
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00027-00006239-00006400 school that you're involved with or a
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00028-00006401-00006773 language group or a a club or some other
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00029-00006773-00007019 educational environment as long as it
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00030-00007020-00007192 has something to do with education and
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00031-00007193-00007319 has something to do with educational
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00032-00007320-00007475 technology
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00033-00007476-00007703 and we'll discuss the framing of that in
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00034-00007704-00008087 terms of your portfolio
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00035-00008088-00008339 case study in the tutorial in more
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00036-00008340-00008453 detail
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00037-00008454-00008692 but think about who the participants
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00038-00008693-00008987 will be in your case study and that can
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00039-00008988-00009203 be either informed by your case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00040-00009204-00009485 design or it may direct the case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00041-00009486-00009719 design if you've only got access to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00042-00009720-00010019 certain individuals then that may limit
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00043-00010020-00010264 what your case study is actually focused
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00044-00010265-00010528 on in terms of the case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00045-00010529-00010685 now then you need to think about the
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00046-00010686-00010810 data collection
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00047-00010811-00010996 what sort of data are you going to be
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00048-00010997-00011242 able to collect about your case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00049-00011243-00011455 now this can be done in various ways
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00050-00011456-00011723 there may be documents available
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00051-00011724-00011885 these might be curriculum documents
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00052-00011886-00012078 might be syllabus documents it might be
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00053-00012079-00012449 course profiles of course course
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00054-00012450-00012574 information
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00055-00012575-00012701 there could be a whole range of
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00056-00012702-00012893 different aspects of document
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00057-00012894-00013258 documentary data that you can utilize
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00058-00013259-00013438 and there'll be potentially archival
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00059-00013440-00013757 records so past documents might be past
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00060-00013758-00014057 exams past assignments past course
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00061-00014058-00014358 profiles so
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00062-00014359-00014555 documentary
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00063-00014556-00014788 data tends to be the current documents
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00064-00014790-00015049 archival data tends to be passed
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00065-00015050-00015329 collections of documentary
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00066-00015330-00015472 data
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00067-00015473-00015593 then there might be interviews
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00068-00015594-00015853 interviews with the various participants
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00069-00015854-00016115 involved in your case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00070-00016116-00016408 anyone that can give a greater
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00071-00016409-00016708 understanding of the case and on the
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00072-00016709-00017050 research question that you're exploring
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00073-00017051-00017327 then there's direct observations or you
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00074-00017328-00017435 may have the opportunity to go and
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00075-00017436-00017741 observe or if you're part of a class or
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00076-00017742-00018041 a course or a school or a classroom
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00077-00018042-00018347 those observations may be a bit easier
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00078-00018348-00018821 but in other cases you may need to um
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00079-00018822-00019055 seek permission to go and conduct that
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00080-00019056-00019361 now in terms of permissions this is not
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00081-00019362-00019679 part of an actual research study so
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00082-00019680-00019835 you're not actually conducting research
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00083-00019836-00019980 this is a
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00084-00019981-00020225 University assignment
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00085-00020226-00020453 and so you don't need to worry so much
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00086-00020454-00020729 about ethics in that respect now as part
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00087-00020730-00020944 of that you can't publish from it unless
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00088-00020945-00021214 you then go and gain ethics and go
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00089-00021215-00021419 through those processes
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00090-00021420-00021569 um
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00091-00021570-00021700 now
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00092-00021701-00021953 we have two types of observations direct
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00093-00021954-00022103 observation where you're observing
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00094-00022104-00022349 what's occurring in the case context
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00095-00022350-00022564 and participant observation where you're
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00096-00022565-00022793 observing the participants
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00097-00022794-00023164 um which may also extend beyond the
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00098-00023165-00023447 direct observation period so if you're
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00099-00023448-00023639 looking at say what's happening during
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00100-00023640-00023825 test taking
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00101-00023826-00024077 um and you're doing direct observations
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00102-00024078-00024305 of what's occurring during the students
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00103-00024306-00024527 conducting taking a test
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00104-00024528-00024778 that's one thing participant observation
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00105-00024779-00024977 might extend to looking at what's
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00106-00024978-00025127 happening with students before they take
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00107-00025128-00025336 the test what happens with them after
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00108-00025337-00025558 what happens with the teacher after and
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00109-00025559-00025834 before and other aspects of observation
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00110-00025835-00026279 Beyond just the specifics of the case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00111-00026280-00026483 and then there's what we call artifacts
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00112-00026483-00026693 these are things that we can collect
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00113-00026694-00026962 might be photos might be video it might
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00114-00026963-00027233 be again documents or
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00115-00027233-00027431 assignments or
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00116-00027432-00027574 other things that we can actually
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00117-00027575-00027868 utilize to assist in our analysis and
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00118-00027869-00028162 the rich data that we are exploring as
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00119-00028163-00028612 part of a case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00120-00028613-00029111 so think about some of those elements of
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00121-00029112-00029243 um case studies that you need to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00122-00029244-00029440 consider in developing your own case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00123-00029441-00029590 study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00124-00029591-00029770 um your participant selection
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00125-00029772-00030011 and how you're going to actually collect
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00126-00030012-00030293 data about what's occurring in the case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00127-00030294-00030514 that you're exploring
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00128-00030516-00030737 now I provided you with two additional
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00129-00030738-00030983 documents that go into case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00130-00030983-00031199 development in much greater depth
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00131-00031200-00031396 so they will assist you in your
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00132-00031397-00031667 assignment but of course they're quite
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00133-00031668-00031858 comprehensive documents they're not
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00134-00031860-00032117 included in the quizzes for the course
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00135-00032118-00032339 but I encourage you to explore those
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00136-00032339-00032687 documents to help you develop ideas or
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00137-00032688-00032843 your own case studies
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00138-00032844-00033031 particularly around
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00139-00033032-00033359 the analysis of the data that we'll be
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00140-00033360-00033509 exploring next week
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00141-00033510-00033743 but in order to prepare for that
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00142-00033744-00033946 analysis sort of data you need to design
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00143-00033947-00034135 your case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00144-00034136-00034337 and of course you haven't done a case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00145-00034338-00034552 study before you don't necessarily know
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00146-00034553-00034846 what you need to do
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00147-00034847-00035033 of course you haven't done the analysis
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00148-00035034-00035290 before
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00149-00035291-00035483 but these documents will help you
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00150-00035484-00035740 explore some of those ideas and of
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00151-00035741-00035890 course we will discuss these in more
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00152-00035891-00036124 detail in the tutorial so you should
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00153-00036125-00036268 come along to the tutorial with your
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00154-00036269-00036455 ideas for a case
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00155-00036456-00036796 your ideas for your participants
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00156-00036797-00037007 and your ideas for the different types
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00157-00037008-00037252 of data that you may be able to collect
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00158-00037253-00037577 and then from that we'll see whether or
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00159-00037578-00037745 not that will be able to
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00160-00037746-00037912 be analyzable
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00161-00037913-00038118 within your context for your case study
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00162-00038119-00038483 and the sorts of Rich understandings
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00163-00038484-00038729 about your case maybe it may be
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00164-00038730-00038830 achievable
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00165-00038831-00039023 from that data
+GE5sHGF9zDy-00166-00039024-00039463 and we'll discuss this in the tutorial
+GGPoD87Katy-00000-00000183-00000399 hello everyone it's jennifer escoleta
+GGPoD87Katy-00001-00000400-00000615 from the mystic living school and i'm
+GGPoD87Katy-00002-00000616-00000935 here today with one of my graduates iris
+GGPoD87Katy-00003-00000936-00001079 hi iris
+GGPoD87Katy-00004-00001080-00001350 um she is going to talk to us today
+GGPoD87Katy-00005-00001351-00001543 about her experience
+GGPoD87Katy-00006-00001544-00001751 through her healing journey as well as
+GGPoD87Katy-00007-00001752-00002030 what her journey has been like going
+GGPoD87Katy-00008-00002032-00002255 through my energy healing
+GGPoD87Katy-00009-00002256-00002455 certification program
+GGPoD87Katy-00010-00002456-00002775 and this is in the intention to share
+GGPoD87Katy-00011-00002776-00002883 these
+GGPoD87Katy-00012-00002884-00003343 stories inspire motivate be
+GGPoD87Katy-00013-00003344-00003606 a mirror back to those who also see
+GGPoD87Katy-00014-00003607-00003983 themselves in iris and iris see them and
+GGPoD87Katy-00015-00003984-00004286 others and so my goal is to create
+GGPoD87Katy-00016-00004287-00004567 community and for us all to continue to
+GGPoD87Katy-00017-00004568-00004799 be inspired by the sacred work that we
+GGPoD87Katy-00018-00004800-00005063 do so thank you iris for being here
+GGPoD87Katy-00019-00005064-00005447 today and sharing your wisdom
+GGPoD87Katy-00020-00005448-00005886 thank you for having me yeah yeah yeah
+GGPoD87Katy-00021-00005887-00005967 man
+GGPoD87Katy-00022-00005968-00006102 so if you could tell us a little bit
+GGPoD87Katy-00023-00006103-00006375 about yourself and what your healing
+GGPoD87Katy-00024-00006376-00006495 journey
+GGPoD87Katy-00025-00006495-00006751 you know has been like like what led you
+GGPoD87Katy-00026-00006752-00007231 to say yes to the certification program
+GGPoD87Katy-00027-00007231-00007598 um okay cool well i've been
+GGPoD87Katy-00028-00007600-00007919 you know kind of involved in a
+GGPoD87Katy-00029-00007920-00008263 self-healing journey like a lot of us
+GGPoD87Katy-00030-00008264-00008542 for the past three to four years very
+GGPoD87Katy-00031-00008543-00008719 seriously
+GGPoD87Katy-00032-00008720-00008999 and things had just been coming up
+GGPoD87Katy-00033-00009000-00009278 as time went on i went to you know
+GGPoD87Katy-00034-00009279-00009446 herbalism school
+GGPoD87Katy-00035-00009447-00009727 i did i worked with the skin care brand
+GGPoD87Katy-00036-00009728-00009903 that was very much connected to the
+GGPoD87Katy-00037-00009904-00010191 earth and i was trying to do things that
+GGPoD87Katy-00038-00010192-00010406 not only built um
+GGPoD87Katy-00039-00010407-00010751 my spirit but built built myself into
+GGPoD87Katy-00040-00010752-00010951 the person that i wanted to be
+GGPoD87Katy-00041-00010952-00011231 on this physical realm and a big part of
+GGPoD87Katy-00042-00011232-00011527 that obviously is spirit
+GGPoD87Katy-00043-00011528-00011767 and getting there is healing different
+GGPoD87Katy-00044-00011768-00011895 parts of
+GGPoD87Katy-00045-00011896-00012142 my spirit my heart and
+GGPoD87Katy-00046-00012143-00012351 my mind and
+GGPoD87Katy-00047-00012352-00012551 my body so
+GGPoD87Katy-00048-00012552-00012735 getting back close to the earth is part
+GGPoD87Katy-00049-00012736-00012974 of that getting that close to other
+GGPoD87Katy-00050-00012975-00013222 people is part of that as well
+GGPoD87Katy-00051-00013223-00013383 so um
+GGPoD87Katy-00052-00013384-00013615 i think i was drawn to mystic living
+GGPoD87Katy-00053-00013616-00013815 school
+GGPoD87Katy-00054-00013816-00014086 i know it was instagram i don't remember
+GGPoD87Katy-00055-00014087-00014271 exactly how i got there but that's the
+GGPoD87Katy-00056-00014272-00014543 beauty of it as well because it's just
+GGPoD87Katy-00057-00014544-00014735 that's how it happens a lot of times you
+GGPoD87Katy-00058-00014736-00014894 just follow a bunch of little dots and
+GGPoD87Katy-00059-00014895-00015079 you end up someplace that you were meant
+GGPoD87Katy-00060-00015080-00015230 to be at
+GGPoD87Katy-00061-00015231-00015486 and i was thinking about it a lot and i
+GGPoD87Katy-00062-00015487-00015663 just couldn't get it off my mind so i
+GGPoD87Katy-00063-00015663-00015838 was like okay well the next time that
+GGPoD87Katy-00064-00015840-00016086 she opens this up i have to make myself
+GGPoD87Katy-00065-00016087-00016350 available somehow
+GGPoD87Katy-00066-00016351-00016511 and um
+GGPoD87Katy-00067-00016512-00016830 i forgot the question was jen
+GGPoD87Katy-00068-00016831-00016991 just you know what your healing
+GGPoD87Katy-00069-00016992-00017207 journey's been like and then what led
+GGPoD87Katy-00070-00017208-00017391 you to say yes
+GGPoD87Katy-00071-00017392-00017591 because that sounds like a program an
+GGPoD87Katy-00072-00017592-00017839 answer what did i trail off or was that
+GGPoD87Katy-00073-00017840-00018071 no no no no you were honest you were on
+GGPoD87Katy-00074-00018072-00018191 target
+GGPoD87Katy-00075-00018192-00018844 excellent so you can
+GGPoD87Katy-00076-00018845-00018999 [Music]
+GGPoD87Katy-00077-00019000-00019255 what led you to say yes
+GGPoD87Katy-00078-00019256-00019479 like as you were in that healing journey
+GGPoD87Katy-00079-00019480-00019735 and then you see this you know person
+GGPoD87Katy-00080-00019736-00019894 you don't know and they have this
+GGPoD87Katy-00081-00019895-00020135 certification program like what called
+GGPoD87Katy-00082-00020136-00020358 to you what spoke to you that you said
+GGPoD87Katy-00083-00020359-00020663 yes to yourself really
+GGPoD87Katy-00084-00020664-00020863 i feel like i had things that i wanted
+GGPoD87Katy-00085-00020864-00021039 to unlock in myself
+GGPoD87Katy-00086-00021040-00021175 that
+GGPoD87Katy-00087-00021176-00021494 i had been trying to do on my own for a
+GGPoD87Katy-00088-00021495-00021735 very long time with my own understanding
+GGPoD87Katy-00089-00021736-00021958 and i knew i wanted mentorship and i
+GGPoD87Katy-00090-00021959-00022255 wanted community really bad and this
+GGPoD87Katy-00091-00022256-00022471 this came up at the time of the height
+GGPoD87Katy-00092-00022472-00022686 where i was like wow that's exactly what
+GGPoD87Katy-00093-00022687-00022871 i need for my healing
+GGPoD87Katy-00094-00022872-00023199 and it felt it felt very much
+GGPoD87Katy-00095-00023200-00023327 at home
+GGPoD87Katy-00096-00023328-00023486 so i was like uh
+GGPoD87Katy-00097-00023487-00023686 when i saw jen speak
+GGPoD87Katy-00098-00023687-00024071 in her videos and i read the course and
+GGPoD87Katy-00099-00024072-00024222 what she was trying to bring to you were
+GGPoD87Katy-00100-00024223-00024391 trying to bring to the table you know
+GGPoD87Katy-00101-00024392-00024511 like the
+GGPoD87Katy-00102-00024512-00024711 it's really we're building each other up
+GGPoD87Katy-00103-00024712-00024863 and we're all doing this together and
+GGPoD87Katy-00104-00024864-00025086 we're all capable this is just me trying
+GGPoD87Katy-00105-00025087-00025278 to help you unlock
+GGPoD87Katy-00106-00025279-00025527 that stuff which was exactly what my
+GGPoD87Katy-00107-00025528-00025718 soul was calling for so i think it was
+GGPoD87Katy-00108-00025719-00025894 looking for something
+GGPoD87Katy-00109-00025895-00026055 to
+GGPoD87Katy-00110-00026056-00026295 help me see something for myself about
+GGPoD87Katy-00111-00026295-00026462 myself
+GGPoD87Katy-00112-00026463-00026711 um in an area where i would be held
+GGPoD87Katy-00113-00026712-00026951 accountable and i would be with other
+GGPoD87Katy-00114-00026952-00027183 people who would still be
+GGPoD87Katy-00115-00027183-00027367 gentle with me but
+GGPoD87Katy-00116-00027368-00027527 still hold me accountable because we're
+GGPoD87Katy-00117-00027527-00027855 all there you know kind of thing
+GGPoD87Katy-00118-00027856-00028062 beautiful beautiful
+GGPoD87Katy-00119-00028063-00028407 okay so that's first question okay
+GGPoD87Katy-00120-00028408-00028583 okay so the second question is going to
+GGPoD87Katy-00121-00028583-00028887 be what was your life like before you
+GGPoD87Katy-00122-00028888-00029335 enrolled in the program
+GGPoD87Katy-00123-00029336-00029462 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00124-00029463-00029623 and then i did ask the question what led
+GGPoD87Katy-00125-00029624-00029862 you to join okay so what was your life
+GGPoD87Katy-00126-00029863-00030239 like before you enrolled in the program
+GGPoD87Katy-00127-00030239-00030455 so before i went to mystic living school
+GGPoD87Katy-00128-00030456-00030711 i was very
+GGPoD87Katy-00129-00030712-00030967 i was really anxious i didn't really
+GGPoD87Katy-00130-00030968-00031143 like meeting new people i didn't i
+GGPoD87Katy-00131-00031144-00031311 didn't really like being in social
+GGPoD87Katy-00132-00031312-00031462 settings
+GGPoD87Katy-00133-00031463-00031590 i
+GGPoD87Katy-00134-00031591-00031927 had a hard time making friends
+GGPoD87Katy-00135-00031927-00032283 and trusting
+GGPoD87Katy-00136-00032283-00032479 so
+GGPoD87Katy-00137-00032480-00032758 even doing it on my own was hard
+GGPoD87Katy-00138-00032760-00032911 and deciding that this was something
+GGPoD87Katy-00139-00032912-00033111 that i was going to do on my own
+GGPoD87Katy-00140-00033112-00033255 was scary
+GGPoD87Katy-00141-00033256-00033599 and i'm 30 or i was 29 when i did it
+GGPoD87Katy-00142-00033600-00033887 right i think yeah
+GGPoD87Katy-00143-00033888-00034087 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00144-00034088-00034295 it was just something i felt i had to do
+GGPoD87Katy-00145-00034296-00034535 to grow up a little bit
+GGPoD87Katy-00146-00034536-00034895 which is tight because it's scary but
+GGPoD87Katy-00147-00034896-00035127 that's how you know like
+GGPoD87Katy-00148-00035128-00035327 i have to do that then you know because
+GGPoD87Katy-00149-00035328-00035502 that's how i'm gonna grow
+GGPoD87Katy-00150-00035503-00035679 yeah because it's like you're going
+GGPoD87Katy-00151-00035680-00035830 through the tough part of the soil and
+GGPoD87Katy-00152-00035831-00036015 you know it's only tough because the
+GGPoD87Katy-00153-00036016-00036199 sun's out there you feel me so it's like
+GGPoD87Katy-00154-00036200-00036351 all right
+GGPoD87Katy-00155-00036352-00036735 so here i go to the light whatever fine
+GGPoD87Katy-00156-00036736-00036951 i'm very stubborn it's like she like the
+GGPoD87Katy-00157-00036952-00037046 whole
+GGPoD87Katy-00158-00037047-00037335 circle knows they seen it
+GGPoD87Katy-00159-00037336-00037487 you know and then i
+GGPoD87Katy-00160-00037488-00037790 it's tight it was tight my life was very
+GGPoD87Katy-00161-00037791-00037935 much
+GGPoD87Katy-00162-00037936-00038151 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00163-00038152-00038351 i didn't think i could do a lot of stuff
+GGPoD87Katy-00164-00038352-00038943 i i always counted myself out
+GGPoD87Katy-00165-00038944-00039127 oh my god pause
+GGPoD87Katy-00166-00039128-00039599 thank you
+GGPoD87Katy-00167-00039600-00039871 out of it it's like
+GGPoD87Katy-00168-00039872-00040102 it's tight because i don't really
+GGPoD87Katy-00169-00040103-00040262 take a lot of time to think about it
+GGPoD87Katy-00170-00040263-00040487 like it'll come up and i'll pull and
+GGPoD87Katy-00171-00040488-00040702 i'll work through things
+GGPoD87Katy-00172-00040703-00040927 so it's like a little toolbox that i use
+GGPoD87Katy-00173-00040928-00041127 but i don't really reminisce so much on
+GGPoD87Katy-00174-00041128-00041287 like
+GGPoD87Katy-00175-00041288-00041567 like how it made me feel
+GGPoD87Katy-00176-00041568-00041790 like really like to grow from it because
+GGPoD87Katy-00177-00041791-00041911 i've seen now
+GGPoD87Katy-00178-00041912-00042055 [Music]
+GGPoD87Katy-00179-00042056-00042318 the results because there's been so much
+GGPoD87Katy-00180-00042319-00042623 time that i can i remember i like even
+GGPoD87Katy-00181-00042624-00042887 that question right now i remember
+GGPoD87Katy-00182-00042888-00043079 like um
+GGPoD87Katy-00183-00043080-00043374 before i started going to that class
+GGPoD87Katy-00184-00043375-00043583 and how closed off i was and i was
+GGPoD87Katy-00185-00043584-00043855 closed off in class but like i was in
+GGPoD87Katy-00186-00043856-00044039 the beginning you know like i'm
+GGPoD87Katy-00187-00044040-00044183 i'm
+GGPoD87Katy-00188-00044184-00044415 i seem outgoing and all that but i was
+GGPoD87Katy-00189-00044416-00044607 trying really
+GGPoD87Katy-00190-00044608-00044855 hard to give it a shot
+GGPoD87Katy-00191-00044856-00045167 you know and not just help myself out
+GGPoD87Katy-00192-00045168-00045343 automatically
+GGPoD87Katy-00193-00045344-00045671 and just it was so cool i'm so i'm so
+GGPoD87Katy-00194-00045672-00045823 excited that i got to do it i'm so
+GGPoD87Katy-00195-00045824-00046023 grateful okay we can
+GGPoD87Katy-00196-00046024-00046246 let me just clean my face down and then
+GGPoD87Katy-00197-00046247-00046446 we can get back into it
+GGPoD87Katy-00198-00046447-00046686 it's all good i love this thank you so
+GGPoD87Katy-00199-00046687-00046918 much for being so authentic i mean i
+GGPoD87Katy-00200-00046919-00047055 appreciate
+GGPoD87Katy-00201-00047056-00047318 you just inhale i mean that's what makes
+GGPoD87Katy-00202-00047319-00047567 you you i wouldn't want you to be any
+GGPoD87Katy-00203-00047568-00047686 different
+GGPoD87Katy-00204-00047687-00047871 but that also helps me to trust you
+GGPoD87Katy-00205-00047872-00047974 right
+GGPoD87Katy-00206-00047975-00048062 yeah
+GGPoD87Katy-00207-00048063-00048518 we can build a bond a a trust
+GGPoD87Katy-00208-00048519-00048679 relationship
+GGPoD87Katy-00209-00048680-00049015 yeah definitely yeah
+GGPoD87Katy-00210-00049016-00049343 so we'll go to question three then okay
+GGPoD87Katy-00211-00049344-00049558 so you started mentioning okay how has
+GGPoD87Katy-00212-00049559-00049862 your life changed since the program
+GGPoD87Katy-00213-00049863-00050135 what shift did you have after the
+GGPoD87Katy-00214-00050136-00050311 program
+GGPoD87Katy-00215-00050312-00050511 so i've definitely built a lot of
+GGPoD87Katy-00216-00050512-00050718 confidence um
+GGPoD87Katy-00217-00050719-00051062 because we do exercises in class on each
+GGPoD87Katy-00218-00051063-00051263 other with each other
+GGPoD87Katy-00219-00051264-00051358 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00220-00051359-00051479 and we do
+GGPoD87Katy-00221-00051479-00051646 we we're learning in so many different
+GGPoD87Katy-00222-00051647-00051887 ways we're writing we're listening we're
+GGPoD87Katy-00223-00051888-00052038 watching things we're seeing
+GGPoD87Katy-00224-00052039-00052287 demonstrations we're working with our
+GGPoD87Katy-00225-00052288-00052447 own hands
+GGPoD87Katy-00226-00052448-00052550 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00227-00052551-00052775 seeing other people triumph as well in
+GGPoD87Katy-00228-00052776-00052903 class
+GGPoD87Katy-00229-00052904-00053223 and that that whole kind of feeling in
+GGPoD87Katy-00230-00053224-00053375 actual energy
+GGPoD87Katy-00231-00053376-00053542 flowing throughout it's almost like ding
+GGPoD87Katy-00232-00053544-00053735 ding ding ding ding everybody
+GGPoD87Katy-00233-00053736-00053919 once you're in you get more in tune
+GGPoD87Katy-00234-00053920-00054230 which gen you may put us in a certain
+GGPoD87Katy-00235-00054232-00054494 space for us to be able to
+GGPoD87Katy-00236-00054495-00054679 get in tune the way that we need to be
+GGPoD87Katy-00237-00054679-00054838 in tune
+GGPoD87Katy-00238-00054839-00055191 it's it i feel like it just makes me
+GGPoD87Katy-00239-00055191-00055599 remember a different human thing about
+GGPoD87Katy-00240-00055600-00055919 what it is to be here and how
+GGPoD87Katy-00241-00055920-00056142 you know i was when i was in that class
+GGPoD87Katy-00242-00056144-00056350 always thinking i was focusing mostly on
+GGPoD87Katy-00243-00056351-00056526 the spiritual but i really learned a lot
+GGPoD87Katy-00244-00056527-00056703 of human things
+GGPoD87Katy-00245-00056704-00056999 um about connection about bonding and
+GGPoD87Katy-00246-00057000-00057263 about um
+GGPoD87Katy-00247-00057264-00057391 how
+GGPoD87Katy-00248-00057391-00057599 i feel like we're kind of wired to root
+GGPoD87Katy-00249-00057600-00057830 for each other and
+GGPoD87Katy-00250-00057832-00058023 to want to see each other when and what
+GGPoD87Katy-00251-00058024-00058350 that does to your spirit in turn
+GGPoD87Katy-00252-00058351-00058671 and what happens when you have a hard
+GGPoD87Katy-00253-00058672-00058847 time
+GGPoD87Katy-00254-00058848-00059094 and people are so supportive around you
+GGPoD87Katy-00255-00059095-00059263 to help you
+GGPoD87Katy-00256-00059264-00059479 kind of
+GGPoD87Katy-00257-00059479-00059719 tread and then
+GGPoD87Katy-00258-00059720-00059863 really really
+GGPoD87Katy-00259-00059864-00060111 you find it within yourself to believe
+GGPoD87Katy-00260-00060112-00060319 because you've seen other people do it
+GGPoD87Katy-00261-00060320-00060550 also in class but you've also just kind
+GGPoD87Katy-00262-00060551-00060703 of built
+GGPoD87Katy-00263-00060704-00060911 that i built a trust within myself that
+GGPoD87Katy-00264-00060912-00061094 i had been
+GGPoD87Katy-00265-00061095-00061335 really looking for and working on and i
+GGPoD87Katy-00266-00061336-00061582 couldn't do on my own which is super
+GGPoD87Katy-00267-00061583-00061719 tight
+GGPoD87Katy-00268-00061720-00061894 super cool
+GGPoD87Katy-00269-00061895-00062230 um i'm also pregnant so i'm very
+GGPoD87Katy-00270-00062232-00062479 weepy but it's it's super happy tears
+GGPoD87Katy-00271-00062479-00062782 remembering awesome moments
+GGPoD87Katy-00272-00062783-00063054 thank you thank you yes of course
+GGPoD87Katy-00273-00063055-00063335 please be yourself so
+GGPoD87Katy-00274-00063336-00063606 you are welcome here
+GGPoD87Katy-00275-00063607-00063815 always it's always felt that way it's
+GGPoD87Katy-00276-00063816-00063959 always that's what it feels like in that
+GGPoD87Katy-00277-00063960-00064079 room it's
+GGPoD87Katy-00278-00064079-00064263 the best um
+GGPoD87Katy-00279-00064264-00064438 the best feeling especially with all the
+GGPoD87Katy-00280-00064439-00064759 girls and me having like
+GGPoD87Katy-00281-00064760-00064982 trust issues with building friendships
+GGPoD87Katy-00282-00064983-00065303 and especially with other women and
+GGPoD87Katy-00283-00065304-00065663 so awesome and you're a
+GGPoD87Katy-00284-00065664-00065950 chess kiss facilitator for all of it
+GGPoD87Katy-00285-00065951-00066319 thank you thank you thank you
+GGPoD87Katy-00286-00066320-00066519 okay next question
+GGPoD87Katy-00287-00066520-00067003 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00288-00067004-00067287 [Music]
+GGPoD87Katy-00289-00067288-00067487 this isn't on there but i think i need
+GGPoD87Katy-00290-00067488-00067711 to add this um
+GGPoD87Katy-00291-00067712-00067806 okay
+GGPoD87Katy-00292-00067807-00068063 so since you i mean i don't know if you
+GGPoD87Katy-00293-00068064-00068319 took this certification because you
+GGPoD87Katy-00294-00068320-00068526 wanted to become a professional energy
+GGPoD87Katy-00295-00068527-00068775 healer or did you take it
+GGPoD87Katy-00296-00068776-00069143 just for your own you know um personal
+GGPoD87Katy-00297-00069144-00069350 growth or a little bit of bowls
+GGPoD87Katy-00298-00069351-00069671 maybe if you could speak about that
+GGPoD87Katy-00299-00069672-00069903 yeah so when i
+GGPoD87Katy-00300-00069904-00070143 went into it it definitely
+GGPoD87Katy-00301-00070144-00070399 was for growth but i also wanted the
+GGPoD87Katy-00302-00070400-00070750 certification because i wanted to
+GGPoD87Katy-00303-00070751-00071079 be able to go to the next step if i so
+GGPoD87Katy-00304-00071080-00071238 chose
+GGPoD87Katy-00305-00071239-00071431 because i was interested in the next
+GGPoD87Katy-00306-00071432-00071623 level and the next level and getting
+GGPoD87Katy-00307-00071624-00071855 into the reiki and working with my hands
+GGPoD87Katy-00308-00071856-00072023 and making things
+GGPoD87Katy-00309-00072024-00072319 and putting learning how to properly
+GGPoD87Katy-00310-00072320-00072655 charge things you know and get my my my
+GGPoD87Katy-00311-00072656-00072911 body ready for things like that not
+GGPoD87Katy-00312-00072912-00073143 deplete my spirit and all those things
+GGPoD87Katy-00313-00073144-00073359 that's also the part of part of growth
+GGPoD87Katy-00314-00073360-00073591 but the yeah it's a little bit of both
+GGPoD87Katy-00315-00073592-00073767 you know um
+GGPoD87Katy-00316-00073768-00074071 i got the most life stuff out of it i
+GGPoD87Katy-00317-00074072-00074206 think
+GGPoD87Katy-00318-00074207-00074431 and that's super super valuable to me
+GGPoD87Katy-00319-00074432-00074647 which is in turn
+GGPoD87Katy-00320-00074648-00074935 going to help if i ever want to continue
+GGPoD87Katy-00321-00074936-00075191 or if i ever do one i mean i have done
+GGPoD87Katy-00322-00075192-00075311 energy
+GGPoD87Katy-00323-00075312-00075591 work on people that has
+GGPoD87Katy-00324-00075592-00075855 been fantastic for both of us it's just
+GGPoD87Katy-00325-00075856-00075999 i don't know if i want to do that all
+GGPoD87Katy-00326-00076000-00076319 the time but i love that i i am capable
+GGPoD87Katy-00327-00076320-00076406 of it
+GGPoD87Katy-00328-00076407-00076662 whenever i choose to be and
+GGPoD87Katy-00329-00076663-00076911 i have proof that i've done the work
+GGPoD87Katy-00330-00076912-00077519 oh yeah exactly i got chills on that
+GGPoD87Katy-00331-00077520-00077606 okay
+GGPoD87Katy-00332-00077607-00077719 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00333-00077720-00077943 so what would you want people to know
+GGPoD87Katy-00334-00077944-00078182 about the program
+GGPoD87Katy-00335-00078183-00078462 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00336-00078463-00078623 what do i want people to know about the
+GGPoD87Katy-00337-00078624-00078855 program
+GGPoD87Katy-00338-00078856-00079071 i think that if it calls to you it calls
+GGPoD87Katy-00339-00079072-00079303 to you for a reason
+GGPoD87Katy-00340-00079304-00079479 i don't
+GGPoD87Katy-00341-00079480-00079735 it wasn't a coincidence for me and
+GGPoD87Katy-00342-00079736-00079926 uh the universe really made it possible
+GGPoD87Katy-00343-00079927-00080111 because i had
+GGPoD87Katy-00344-00080112-00080319 i we did like a little payment plan
+GGPoD87Katy-00345-00080320-00080406 thing
+GGPoD87Katy-00346-00080407-00080503 and
+GGPoD87Katy-00347-00080504-00080623 jen
+GGPoD87Katy-00348-00080624-00080791 you know
+GGPoD87Katy-00349-00080792-00080943 gave me grace
+GGPoD87Katy-00350-00080944-00081111 and the universe gave me grace by
+GGPoD87Katy-00351-00081112-00081375 helping me finish paying it um with like
+GGPoD87Katy-00352-00081376-00081559 a little scholarship from somebody that
+GGPoD87Katy-00353-00081560-00081719 i paid back and
+GGPoD87Katy-00354-00081720-00081935 payments and i was able to do it it was
+GGPoD87Katy-00355-00081936-00082103 just it worked out perfectly for me
+GGPoD87Katy-00356-00082104-00082503 because i had this faith that i it was
+GGPoD87Katy-00357-00082504-00082711 dire for it was a something i had to
+GGPoD87Katy-00358-00082712-00082903 learn it was a lesson i had to learn was
+GGPoD87Katy-00359-00082904-00083094 something about my face
+GGPoD87Katy-00360-00083095-00083335 um and to let go of my pride and my ego
+GGPoD87Katy-00361-00083336-00083575 and all this stuff and be like right if
+GGPoD87Katy-00362-00083576-00083750 it's gonna work out for me it will and
+GGPoD87Katy-00363-00083751-00084055 it did i just think if you feel
+GGPoD87Katy-00364-00084056-00084206 called to it you should take a chance on
+GGPoD87Katy-00365-00084207-00084359 yourself because
+GGPoD87Katy-00366-00084360-00084462 it is
+GGPoD87Katy-00367-00084463-00084631 if it doesn't
+GGPoD87Katy-00368-00084632-00084767 you know
+GGPoD87Katy-00369-00084768-00084935 if it does anything for you it's going
+GGPoD87Katy-00370-00084936-00085103 to help you grow and it's going to help
+GGPoD87Katy-00371-00085104-00085271 you find something
+GGPoD87Katy-00372-00085272-00085415 about yourself that you're going to be
+GGPoD87Katy-00373-00085416-00085526 like
+GGPoD87Katy-00374-00085527-00085662 wow
+GGPoD87Katy-00375-00085663-00085903 that's so cool like it's there's gonna
+GGPoD87Katy-00376-00085904-00086047 be something that you're gonna get out
+GGPoD87Katy-00377-00086048-00086279 of it and i got a lot of life stuff out
+GGPoD87Katy-00378-00086280-00086567 of it and i'm already i'm already like
+GGPoD87Katy-00379-00086568-00086855 i'm talking like i'm 45
+GGPoD87Katy-00380-00086856-00088679 whatever
+GGPoD87Katy-00381-00088680-00088879 i'll tell you that for sure
+GGPoD87Katy-00382-00088880-00089118 um the might like uh
+GGPoD87Katy-00383-00089119-00089303 i have to call in a lot of stuff from
+GGPoD87Katy-00384-00089304-00089423 class
+GGPoD87Katy-00385-00089424-00089575 to get through certain things in this
+GGPoD87Katy-00386-00089576-00089775 this pregnancy and i'm only in my second
+GGPoD87Katy-00387-00089776-00089926 trimester
+GGPoD87Katy-00388-00089927-00090015 but
+GGPoD87Katy-00389-00090016-00090223 faith is a big part of it and knowing
+GGPoD87Katy-00390-00090224-00090543 that i did things knowing that i
+GGPoD87Katy-00391-00090544-00090831 was able to push past
+GGPoD87Katy-00392-00090832-00091087 certain barriers that i could not push
+GGPoD87Katy-00393-00091088-00091367 past before this class
+GGPoD87Katy-00394-00091368-00091647 and remembering those moments really
+GGPoD87Katy-00395-00091648-00091847 really gives me strength and builds my
+GGPoD87Katy-00396-00091848-00092175 confidence and reminds me that i also
+GGPoD87Katy-00397-00092176-00092415 have a whole circle of women who are
+GGPoD87Katy-00398-00092416-00092638 rooting for me no matter how whether i
+GGPoD87Katy-00399-00092639-00092950 talk to them or not if i were to i have
+GGPoD87Katy-00400-00092951-00093094 called on them
+GGPoD87Katy-00401-00093095-00093271 i have called on them
+GGPoD87Katy-00402-00093272-00093374 when the
+GGPoD87Katy-00403-00093375-00093671 the father of my child who was just my
+GGPoD87Katy-00404-00093672-00093959 boyfriend at the time
+GGPoD87Katy-00405-00093960-00094167 had a very serious moment it was in a
+GGPoD87Katy-00406-00094168-00094279 coma
+GGPoD87Katy-00407-00094280-00094687 i called on them and they all came
+GGPoD87Katy-00408-00094688-00094831 support me
+GGPoD87Katy-00409-00094832-00095015 and have a moment
+GGPoD87Katy-00410-00095016-00095199 to help me
+GGPoD87Katy-00411-00095200-00095462 and energetically and just in spirit
+GGPoD87Katy-00412-00095463-00095726 holding holding space for me and this
+GGPoD87Katy-00413-00095727-00095911 if i were to call them all again it
+GGPoD87Katy-00414-00095912-00096071 would be the same thing
+GGPoD87Katy-00415-00096072-00096271 and knowing that is incredible
+GGPoD87Katy-00416-00096272-00096350 that's
+GGPoD87Katy-00417-00096351-00096582 just even having that
+GGPoD87Katy-00418-00096583-00096759 is something something to be a part of
+GGPoD87Katy-00419-00096760-00096894 for sure
+GGPoD87Katy-00420-00096895-00097191 absolutely thank you thank you
+GGPoD87Katy-00421-00097192-00097438 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00422-00097439-00097647 let's see
+GGPoD87Katy-00423-00097648-00097967 what was your deciding factor to invest
+GGPoD87Katy-00424-00097968-00098262 in this program
+GGPoD87Katy-00425-00098263-00098559 your demeanor honestly the way that
+GGPoD87Katy-00426-00098560-00098806 that we do our communication i was like
+GGPoD87Katy-00427-00098807-00098903 man
+GGPoD87Katy-00428-00098904-00099031 there's somebody i'm going to learn from
+GGPoD87Katy-00429-00099032-00099191 i want to learn from her because i felt
+GGPoD87Katy-00430-00099192-00099287 safe
+GGPoD87Katy-00431-00099288-00099447 and i felt like i could learn from you
+GGPoD87Katy-00432-00099448-00099638 and i felt like you had wisdom that i
+GGPoD87Katy-00433-00099639-00099871 was going to absorb because i'm very
+GGPoD87Katy-00434-00099872-00100126 stubborn and it's very hard for me to be
+GGPoD87Katy-00435-00100127-00100343 like yes it's just
+GGPoD87Katy-00436-00100344-00100559 i don't usually feel comfortable in
+GGPoD87Katy-00437-00100560-00100703 certain spaces in public spaces
+GGPoD87Katy-00438-00100704-00100882 especially spaces where i already feel
+GGPoD87Katy-00439-00100883-00101055 inferior
+GGPoD87Katy-00440-00101056-00101135 so
+GGPoD87Katy-00441-00101136-00101455 having a mentor a teacher that i could
+GGPoD87Katy-00442-00101456-00101655 relate to because
+GGPoD87Katy-00443-00101656-00101879 of your energy
+GGPoD87Katy-00444-00101880-00102135 but also i had so much respect and
+GGPoD87Katy-00445-00102136-00102374 admiration for you already i was like i
+GGPoD87Katy-00446-00102375-00102639 was ready to be in the same room as you
+GGPoD87Katy-00447-00102640-00102839 and to absorb whatever it was that you
+GGPoD87Katy-00448-00102840-00103015 were gonna impart because i also the
+GGPoD87Katy-00449-00103016-00103263 communication that we had
+GGPoD87Katy-00450-00103264-00103471 made it feel like it would be a very
+GGPoD87Katy-00451-00103472-00103751 safe place to break down my walls and
+GGPoD87Katy-00452-00103752-00104102 just do it because i was scared
+GGPoD87Katy-00453-00104103-00104366 so it was you yeah
+GGPoD87Katy-00454-00104367-00104639 thank you thank you for that
+GGPoD87Katy-00455-00104640-00104847 okay last question
+GGPoD87Katy-00456-00104848-00105143 knowing that we didn't know each other
+GGPoD87Katy-00457-00105144-00105390 and there was no guarantee
+GGPoD87Katy-00458-00105391-00105551 oh i guess that's part of the question
+GGPoD87Katy-00459-00105552-00105758 what was your deciding factor
+GGPoD87Katy-00460-00105759-00105886 knowing that we didn't even know each
+GGPoD87Katy-00461-00105888-00105966 other
+GGPoD87Katy-00462-00105967-00106134 yeah i guess we'll speak to that you
+GGPoD87Katy-00463-00106135-00106431 could add that part
+GGPoD87Katy-00464-00106432-00106639 i guess another deciding factor was just
+GGPoD87Katy-00465-00106640-00106975 like the um
+GGPoD87Katy-00466-00106976-00107127 i don't know because how everything
+GGPoD87Katy-00467-00107128-00107358 worked out for me was just perfect
+GGPoD87Katy-00468-00107359-00107590 because there was difficulty there you
+GGPoD87Katy-00469-00107591-00107678 know
+GGPoD87Katy-00470-00107679-00107863 it wasn't like the universe is like you
+GGPoD87Katy-00471-00107864-00108063 can have this like like i dangled it in
+GGPoD87Katy-00472-00108064-00108207 front of me it's like are you gonna are
+GGPoD87Katy-00473-00108208-00108351 you gonna come and get it because i
+GGPoD87Katy-00474-00108352-00108447 usually
+GGPoD87Katy-00475-00108448-00108663 would be like cool if i don't get it
+GGPoD87Katy-00476-00108664-00108823 like that i'm just not gonna do it
+GGPoD87Katy-00477-00108824-00108983 because it's gonna hurt too much or
+GGPoD87Katy-00478-00108983-00109134 something
+GGPoD87Katy-00479-00109135-00109295 but it made me
+GGPoD87Katy-00480-00109296-00109495 if i really want i did really want it
+GGPoD87Katy-00481-00109496-00109671 and then you prove how bad do you want
+GGPoD87Katy-00482-00109672-00109815 it and
+GGPoD87Katy-00483-00109816-00110023 somebody saw how bad i wanted and
+GGPoD87Katy-00484-00110024-00110231 they're like i'm gonna sponsor you then
+GGPoD87Katy-00485-00110232-00110558 and then i got it in right in time
+GGPoD87Katy-00486-00110559-00110775 and that was the universe it was just
+GGPoD87Katy-00487-00110776-00110910 like
+GGPoD87Katy-00488-00110911-00111054 meant to be but
+GGPoD87Katy-00489-00111055-00111199 what was the question about how i didn't
+GGPoD87Katy-00490-00111200-00111375 know you
+GGPoD87Katy-00491-00111376-00111678 yeah so even though you didn't know me
+GGPoD87Katy-00492-00111679-00111927 and you know i'm a stranger but i mean i
+GGPoD87Katy-00493-00111928-00112158 guess you did answer that question
+GGPoD87Katy-00494-00112159-00112247 um
+GGPoD87Katy-00495-00112248-00112478 i mean what was the energy i think
+GGPoD87Katy-00496-00112479-00112734 and and your professionalism how the way
+GGPoD87Katy-00497-00112735-00113015 that you presented the class really
+GGPoD87Katy-00498-00113016-00113223 was because you were like i wanna you
+GGPoD87Katy-00499-00113224-00113415 know i wanna strengthen the community
+GGPoD87Katy-00500-00113416-00113575 and i feel like
+GGPoD87Katy-00501-00113576-00113895 there's way a lot of room for that and i
+GGPoD87Katy-00502-00113896-00114119 want it to be academic and spiritual i
+GGPoD87Katy-00503-00114120-00114278 want you to get as much out of this as
+GGPoD87Katy-00504-00114279-00114486 you can and this is exactly what we're
+GGPoD87Katy-00505-00114488-00114710 covering and i liked
+GGPoD87Katy-00506-00114711-00114895 the um
+GGPoD87Katy-00507-00114896-00115127 that process i like the way that you
+GGPoD87Katy-00508-00115128-00115278 wanted to structure the class it was
+GGPoD87Katy-00509-00115279-00115439 very attractive to me
+GGPoD87Katy-00510-00115440-00115615 it felt like that's i could learn that
+GGPoD87Katy-00511-00115616-00115878 way so i think that was also a deciding
+GGPoD87Katy-00512-00115879-00116054 factor
+GGPoD87Katy-00513-00116055-00116215 awesome awesome
+GGPoD87Katy-00514-00116216-00116447 so is there anything else that you think
+GGPoD87Katy-00515-00116448-00116639 that people should know that i haven't
+GGPoD87Katy-00516-00116640-00116854 asked you that you want to share with
+GGPoD87Katy-00517-00116855-00117031 the community
+GGPoD87Katy-00518-00117032-00117254 that would help them to decide or like
+GGPoD87Katy-00519-00117255-00117615 if anyone is on the fence or
+GGPoD87Katy-00520-00117616-00117799 um i mean if you're looking for
+GGPoD87Katy-00521-00117800-00117951 community
+GGPoD87Katy-00522-00117952-00118183 and you don't know where to go or where
+GGPoD87Katy-00523-00118183-00118431 to look and you and you
+GGPoD87Katy-00524-00118432-00118799 still want to do something
+GGPoD87Katy-00525-00118800-00118927 this is
+GGPoD87Katy-00526-00118928-00119215 i mean why not learn a little bit about
+GGPoD87Katy-00527-00119216-00119519 your chakras and how to help yourself
+GGPoD87Katy-00528-00119520-00119743 feel better and figure find certain
+GGPoD87Katy-00529-00119744-00119934 little points on your body that you can
+GGPoD87Katy-00530-00119935-00120166 connect to and or at least learn
+GGPoD87Katy-00531-00120167-00120343 something or be in the same room as
+GGPoD87Katy-00532-00120344-00120447 other people while you're learning
+GGPoD87Katy-00533-00120448-00120702 something is another really cool
+GGPoD87Katy-00534-00120703-00121134 thing that humans really thrive on so
+GGPoD87Katy-00535-00121135-00121358 i know we've been kind of locked up for
+GGPoD87Katy-00536-00121359-00121471 a while
+GGPoD87Katy-00537-00121472-00121614 and um
+GGPoD87Katy-00538-00121615-00121758 if you're looking for community it's a
+GGPoD87Katy-00539-00121759-00121966 good place to start
+GGPoD87Katy-00540-00121967-00122231 that's a big one for me i think
+GGPoD87Katy-00541-00122232-00122439 awesome
+GGPoD87Katy-00542-00122440-00122766 and that's right
+GGPoD87Katy-00543-00122767-00123007 well thank you iris for your time and
+GGPoD87Katy-00544-00123008-00123278 your wisdom and sharing your experience
+GGPoD87Katy-00545-00123279-00123527 and the energy healing certification
+GGPoD87Katy-00546-00123528-00123702 program you were actually
+GGPoD87Katy-00547-00123703-00124023 a part of our founding
+GGPoD87Katy-00548-00124024-00124151 graduates
+GGPoD87Katy-00549-00124152-00124351 you were part of the beginning of this
+GGPoD87Katy-00550-00124352-00124551 journey and so i really really
+GGPoD87Katy-00551-00124552-00124878 appreciate you and thank you so much
+GGPoD87Katy-00552-00124879-00125143 thank you it's so good to see you thank
+GGPoD87Katy-00553-00125144-00125358 you you too
+GGPoD87Katy-00554-00125359-00125654 thanks everyone for watching oh how can
+GGPoD87Katy-00555-00125655-00125934 people like i don't know if you want i
+GGPoD87Katy-00556-00125935-00126151 should probably ask this um do you want
+GGPoD87Katy-00557-00126152-00126527 people to like connect with you or
+GGPoD87Katy-00558-00126528-00126839 any other social media kind of stuff
+GGPoD87Katy-00559-00126840-00127086 i'm pretty much just on instagram
+GGPoD87Katy-00560-00127088-00127254 okay so let me let me ask a question
+GGPoD87Katy-00561-00127255-00127502 mark so i can edit it
+GGPoD87Katy-00562-00127503-00127751 so for people who want to
+GGPoD87Katy-00563-00127752-00127943 learn more about you or connect with you
+GGPoD87Katy-00564-00127944-00128158 how can they reach you
+GGPoD87Katy-00565-00128159-00128343 so i have instagram
+GGPoD87Katy-00566-00128344-00128623 at big tuna with three a's and an
+GGPoD87Katy-00567-00128624-00128823 underscore
+GGPoD87Katy-00568-00128824-00128927 i'm sure you'll put it in there
+GGPoD87Katy-00569-00128928-00129134 somewhere
+GGPoD87Katy-00570-00129135-00129431 we will sell that out
+GGPoD87Katy-00571-00129432-00129527 all right
+GGPoD87Katy-00572-00129528-00129678 yeah that's it
+GGPoD87Katy-00573-00129679-00129934 okay awesome thank you
+GGPoD87Katy-00574-00129935-00130235 um
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00000-00000044-00000265 British Columbia is the third most
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00001-00000266-00000484 populous province in Canada with four
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00002-00000484-00000699 million six hundred forty eight thousand
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00003-00000700-00000966 fifty-five residents as of 2016 and as
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00004-00000967-00001266 the second-largest inland area at 922
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00005-00001267-00001464 thousand five hundred three square
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00006-00001465-00001657 kilometers three hundred fifty six
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00007-00001657-00001889 thousand one hundred eighty square miles
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00008-00001891-00002266 British Columbia's 162 municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00009-00002267-00002443 cover only eleven percent of the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00010-00002444-00002629 provinces landmass yet are home to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00011-00002630-00002892 eighty nine percent of its population a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00012-00002893-00003077 municipality as a local government
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00013-00003078-00003297 incorporated by the province allowing a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00014-00003298-00003468 community to govern itself and to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00015-00003469-00003672 provide and regulate local services
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00016-00003673-00003970 these services typically include but are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00017-00003971-00004164 not limited to the provision of drinking
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00018-00004165-00004407 water sewers roads fire protection
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00019-00004408-00004623 streetlights garbage recycling
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00020-00004624-00004813 collection land-use planning building
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00021-00004814-00005104 inspection and parks within their
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00022-00005105-00005355 limited jurisdictions municipalities are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00023-00005356-00005538 autonomous responsible and accountable
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00024-00005539-00005754 to their citizens to the province and
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00025-00005755-00005925 their future residents in the case for
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00026-00005926-00006141 the unpopulated jumbo glacier mountain
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00027-00006142-00006418 resort municipality their powers and
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00028-00006419-00006619 responsibilities are regulated through
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00029-00006620-00006787 the Local Government Act of British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00030-00006788-00006984 Columbia the community charter and in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00031-00006986-00007206 the case of Vancouver the Vancouver
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00032-00007208-00007468 Charter they have the power of a natural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00033-00007469-00007693 person the power to expropriate and the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00034-00007694-00007908 power to establish and enforce bylaws
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00035-00007909-00008134 they are able to raise funds through
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00036-00008134-00008383 property taxes and user fees and borrow
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00037-00008384-00008563 a limited amount through the municipal
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00038-00008564-00008764 finance authority of British Columbia to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00039-00008765-00009037 pay for capital costs municipalities are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00040-00009038-00009223 governed by a mayor and council who are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00041-00009224-00009421 democratically elected every four years
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00042-00009422-00009619 on the third Saturday in October or
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00043-00009620-00009790 appointed by the province such as the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00044-00009791-00010042 Council for jumbo glacier the most
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00045-00010043-00010252 recent election took place on November
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00046-00010253-00010534 15 2014 the next election will take
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00047-00010535-00010846 place on October 20th 2018 each
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00048-00010847-00011074 municipality is a member of a Regional
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00049-00011075-00011251 District to which their councils elect
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00050-00011252-00011482 representatives the Board of Directors
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00051-00011483-00011698 of the Regional District is used as a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00052-00011699-00011914 forum to discuss regional issues to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00053-00011915-00012145 become a municipality a community with
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00054-00012146-00012289 the assistance of the provincial
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00055-00012290-00012517 Ministry of community sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00056-00012518-00012714 development defines its borders and
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00057-00012715-00012969 holds a referendum on the issue in the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00058-00012971-00013186 case of jumbo glacier a request to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00059-00013187-00013435 incorporate the unpopulated municipality
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00060-00013436-00013603 was submitted by the regional district
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00061-00013604-00013849 of East Kootenai if successful the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00062-00013850-00014038 cabinet of British Columbia issues a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00063-00014038-00014212 letters patent incorporating the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00064-00014213-00014463 community part 2 of the Local Government
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00065-00014465-00014686 Act sets out a classification scheme
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00066-00014687-00014875 that gives each new municipality a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00067-00014876-00015172 designation if the population is fewer
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00068-00015172-00015496 than 2500 people the new municipality is
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00069-00015497-00015819 designated a village in between 2500 and
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00070-00015821-00016105 5,000 a town and if greater than 5000 a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00071-00016106-00016419 city if the new municipality has an area
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00072-00016420-00016684 greater than 800 hectares 2,000 acres
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00073-00016685-00016897 and an average population density of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00074-00016898-00017122 fewer than 5 persons per hectare then is
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00075-00017123-00017332 it designated a district municipality
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00076-00017333-00017638 the municipality must request change in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00077-00017639-00017836 designation but is not compelled to do
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00078-00017837-00018067 so despite population growth or loss
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00079-00018068-00018265 Greenwood has retained its city status
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00080-00018266-00018490 for example rather than relinquishing it
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00081-00018491-00018679 as other boom towns of its era have done
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00082-00018680-00018940 there is no longer any legal difference
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00083-00018941-00019537 between the designations
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00084-00019538-00020142 topic municipal status types
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00085-00020143-00020481 you
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00086-00020482-00020967 topic cities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00087-00020968-00021189 a city is a classification of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00088-00021190-00021411 municipalities used in British Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00089-00021412-00021650 British Columbia's lieutenant governor
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00090-00021651-00021858 in Council may incorporate a community
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00091-00021859-00022058 as a city by letters patent under the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00092-00022059-00022227 recommendation of the Minister of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00093-00022228-00022406 communities sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00094-00022407-00022614 development if its population is greater
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00095-00022615-00022817 than 5000 and the outcome of a vote
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00096-00022818-00023036 involving affected residents was that
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00097-00023037-00023280 greater than 50% voted in favour of the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00098-00023281-00023508 proposed incorporation British Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00099-00023509-00023717 has 51 cities had a cumulative
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00100-00023718-00024197 population of 3 million 225,000 473 in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00101-00024198-00024503 the 2016 census British Columbia's
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00102-00024504-00024689 largest and smallest cities are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00103-00024690-00024903 Vancouver and Greenwood with populations
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00104-00024904-00025425 of 631 thousand 486 and 665 respectively
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00105-00025426-00025692 the fastest growing city in British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00106-00025693-00025956 Columbia is Langford which grew 20.9%
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00107-00025957-00026223 between 2011 and 2016
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00108-00026224-00026424 while the fastest shrinking is Greenwood
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00109-00026425-00026643 which is shrunk by 6.1 percent
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00110-00026644-00026910 the largest city by land area is
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00111-00026911-00027252 abbotsford which spans 375 point five
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00112-00027252-00027618 five square kilometres 100 45.0 zero
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00113-00027619-00027812 square miles while the smallest is
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00114-00027813-00028224 Duncan at 2.07 square kilometres 0.80
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00115-00028225-00028508 square miles the first community to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00116-00028509-00028674 incorporate as a city was New
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00117-00028675-00028983 Westminster on July 16th 1860 well the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00118-00028983-00029181 most recent community to incorporate as
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00119-00029182-00029436 a city was West Kelowna on June 26th
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00120-00029437-00030001 2015
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00121-00030002-00030580 topic district municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00122-00030581-00030793 a district municipality is a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00123-00030794-00031048 classification of municipalities used in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00124-00031049-00031302 British Columbia British Columbia's
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00125-00031304-00031492 lieutenant governor in Council may
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00126-00031493-00031693 incorporate a community as a district
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00127-00031694-00031920 municipality by letters patent under the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00128-00031922-00032083 recommendation of the Minister of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00129-00032083-00032260 communities Sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00130-00032261-00032461 development if the area is greater than
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00131-00032462-00032715 800 hectares 2,000 acres and has a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00132-00032716-00032935 population density of fewer than five
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00133-00032936-00033136 people per hectare and the outcome of a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00134-00033137-00033334 vote involving affected residents was
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00135-00033335-00033580 that greater than 50% voted in favour of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00136-00033581-00033765 the proposed incorporation British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00137-00033766-00034021 Columbia has 50 district municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00138-00034022-00034271 that had a cumulative population of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00139-00034272-00034680 770,000 183 inches the 2016 census
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00140-00034681-00034939 British Columbia's largest and smallest
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00141-00034940-00035179 district municipalities are Langley in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00142-00035180-00035593 Wells with populations of 117,000 285
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00143-00035594-00035974 and 217 respectively the fastest growing
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00144-00035975-00036169 district municipality in British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00145-00036170-00036457 Columbia is Invermere which grew 14.8
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00146-00036458-00036727 percent between 2011 and 2016
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00147-00036728-00036919 while the fastest shrinking is tumblr
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00148-00036920-00037123 Ridge which shrunk by twenty six point
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00149-00037124-00037417 seven percent of British Columbia's
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00150-00037418-00037657 current 50 district municipalities the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00151-00037658-00037837 first to incorporate as a district
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00152-00037838-00038080 municipality was North Korean on June
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00153-00038081-00038362 18th 1873 while the most recent
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00154-00038363-00038560 community to incorporate as a district
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00155-00038561-00038740 municipality was the Northern Rockies
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00156-00038741-00039004 Regional Municipality and RRM On
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00157-00039005-00039370 February 6 2009 although portrayed as a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00158-00039371-00039580 regional municipality in its official
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00159-00039581-00039837 name the N RR m is actually classified
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00160-00039838-00040476 as a district municipality
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00161-00040477-00041058 topic indian government districts
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00162-00041059-00041289 the lone Indian government district was
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00163-00041290-00041490 granted by the federal seashell Indian
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00164-00041491-00041685 band self-government Act and provincial
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00165-00041686-00041886 seashell Indian government district
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00166-00041887-00042072 enabling act to the seashell Indian
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00167-00042073-00042234 government district which governs the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00168-00042235-00042465 seashell Indian band lands consisting of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00169-00042466-00043151 33 former Indian reserves
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00170-00043152-00043722 topic Island municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00171-00043723-00043959 if the community wishing to incorporate
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00172-00043960-00044181 is located within a trust area under the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00173-00044182-00044400 island Trust Act it must incorporate as
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00174-00044401-00044687 an island municipality a single Island
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00175-00044688-00044898 municipality designation has been
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00176-00044899-00045462 granted to Bowen Island
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00177-00045463-00046083 topic mountain resort municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00178-00046084-00046305 a mountain resort municipality
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00179-00046306-00046512 designation is granted by the minister
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00180-00046513-00046695 of community sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00181-00046696-00046872 development through the local government
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00182-00046873-00047082 act if there exists alpine ski lift
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00183-00047083-00047295 operations year-round recreational
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00184-00047296-00047475 facilities and commercial overnight
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00185-00047476-00047733 accommodations there are two mountain
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00186-00047734-00047918 resort municipalities in British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00187-00047919-00048630 Columbia Sun Peaks and jumbo glacier
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00188-00048631-00049212 topic resort municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00189-00049213-00049510 a single resort municipality designation
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00190-00049511-00049671 has been granted to Whistler by the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00191-00049672-00050370 resort municipality of Whistler Act
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00192-00050371-00050851 topic towns
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00193-00050852-00051070 a town is a classification of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00194-00051071-00051289 municipalities used in British Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00195-00051290-00051532 British Columbia's lieutenant governor
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00196-00051533-00051739 in Council may incorporate a community
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00197-00051740-00051949 as a town by letters patent under the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00198-00051950-00052111 recommendation of the Minister of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00199-00052112-00052288 communities sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00200-00052289-00052496 development if its population is greater
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00201-00052497-00052859 than 2500 but not greater than 5,000 and
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00202-00052860-00053060 the outcome of a vote involving affected
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00203-00053061-00053246 residents was that greater than 50%
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00204-00053247-00053441 voted in favor of the proposed
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00205-00053441-00053698 incorporation British Columbia has 14
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00206-00053699-00053909 towns that had a cumulative population
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00207-00053910-00054355 of 90 1022 in the 2016 census British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00208-00054356-00054572 Columbia's largest and smallest towns
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00209-00054573-00054754 are Comox and Port McNeil with
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00210-00054755-00055190 populations of 14,000 28 and 2337
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00211-00055191-00055507 respectively view Royal and Port McNeil
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00212-00055508-00055703 are the fastest-growing and fastest
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00213-00055704-00055906 shrinking towns in the province growing
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00214-00055907-00056113 by ten point nine percent and shrinking
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00215-00056114-00056309 by six point seven percent respectively
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00216-00056310-00056678 between 2011 and 2016 of British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00217-00056679-00056932 Columbia's current 14 towns the first to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00218-00056933-00057148 incorporate as a town was Ladysmith on
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00219-00057149-00057412 June 3rd 1904 while the most recent
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00220-00057413-00057607 community to incorporate as a town was
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00221-00057608-00058344 view Royal on December 5th 1988
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00222-00058345-00058824 topic villages
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00223-00058825-00059049 a village is a classification of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00224-00059050-00059268 municipalities used in British Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00225-00059269-00059509 British Columbia's lieutenant governor
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00226-00059510-00059715 in Council may incorporate a community
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00227-00059716-00059931 as a village by letters patent under the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00228-00059932-00060093 recommendation of the Minister of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00229-00060094-00060273 communities sport and cultural
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00230-00060274-00060468 development if its population is not
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00231-00060469-00060756 greater than 2500 and the outcome of a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00232-00060757-00060951 vote involving affected residents was
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00233-00060952-00061200 that greater than 50% voted in favour of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00234-00061201-00061386 the proposed incorporation British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00235-00061387-00061617 Columbia has 42 villages that had a
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00236-00061618-00062022 cumulative population of 44,000 473 in
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00237-00062023-00062331 the 2016 census British Columbia's
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00238-00062332-00062529 largest and smallest villages are
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00239-00062530-00062746 Cumberland and zu BIOS with populations
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00240-00062747-00063271 of 3753 and 107 respectively cara mia'
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00241-00063272-00063409 sandport Clements are the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00242-00063410-00063621 fastest-growing and fastest shrinking
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00243-00063622-00063804 villages in the province growing by
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00244-00063805-00064116 12.9% and shrinking by twenty five point
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00245-00064117-00064371 four percent respectively between 2011
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00246-00064372-00064696 and 2016 of British Columbia's current
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00247-00064697-00064944 42 villages the first to incorporate as
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00248-00064945-00065277 a village was caslo on August 14th 1893
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00249-00065278-00065446 while the most recent community to
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00250-00065447-00065613 incorporate as a village was Queen
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00251-00065614-00066354 Charlotte on December 5th 2005
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00252-00066355-00066950 topic list of municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00253-00066951-00067316 you
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00254-00067317-00067929 topic former municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00255-00067930-00068142 communities in British Columbia that
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00256-00068143-00068337 once held their own municipal status
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00257-00068338-00068605 include endo field alberni Brocklehurst
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00258-00068606-00068830 Chapman camp Chilliwack Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00259-00068831-00069087 cranberry lake dude me Dufferin Fort
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00260-00069088-00069318 Nelson Fraser Mills Glenmore geese
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00261-00069319-00069565 Aachen Kinnaird Marysville Matt squee
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00262-00069566-00069847 mission City natal nikuman Island North
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00263-00069848-00070099 Kamloops Phoenix point grey sand on
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00264-00070100-00070380 South Fort George South Vancouver seumas
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00265-00070381-00070672 tetanic Valley View and West View the
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00266-00070673-00070893 majority of these former municipalities
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00267-00070894-00071061 ceased to exist as a result of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00268-00071062-00071262 amalgamation with or annexation by
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00269-00071263-00071536 another municipality others such as
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00270-00071537-00071740 Phoenix and sand on were dissolved from
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00271-00071741-00071937 their municipal status as a result of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00272-00071938-00072117 population decline while dudeney
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00273-00072118-00072811 dissolved due to financial reasons
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00274-00072812-00073349 topic see also
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00275-00073350-00073604 list of designated places in British
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00276-00073605-00074024 Columbia list of Haida villages list of
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00277-00074025-00074278 population centres in British Columbia
+GH9qG3pDr9o-00278-00074279-00074651 equals equals notes
+GI2xM-CAao8-00000-00000048-00000316 hey folks welcome back it's Mike with
+GI2xM-CAao8-00001-00000317-00000647 Grassroots K9 and today today we're
+GI2xM-CAao8-00002-00000648-00000802 going to do a video that's a little bit
+GI2xM-CAao8-00003-00000803-00001007 different we're going to do a video that
+GI2xM-CAao8-00004-00001008-00001408 discusses the breed of my newest dog and
+GI2xM-CAao8-00005-00001409-00001702 it is a yawk terrier so you guys hang
+GI2xM-CAao8-00006-00001703-00001829 out we're going to discuss some of the
+GI2xM-CAao8-00007-00001830-00002068 info on these dogs some of the potential
+GI2xM-CAao8-00008-00002069-00002471 uses temperament history and you guys
+GI2xM-CAao8-00009-00002472-00002717 are going to get to meet Zazu my yawk
+GI2xM-CAao8-00010-00002718-00002902 Terrier so we're going to talk a little
+GI2xM-CAao8-00011-00002903-00003125 bit about the yawk terrier they're also
+GI2xM-CAao8-00012-00003126-00003311 known as the working terrier and I got
+GI2xM-CAao8-00013-00003311-00003461 notes because I want to make sure that
+GI2xM-CAao8-00014-00003461-00003604 my information is as accurate as
+GI2xM-CAao8-00015-00003605-00003954 possible so they originated in Germany
+GI2xM-CAao8-00016-00003955-00004277 post World War one and they were trying
+GI2xM-CAao8-00017-00004278-00004511 to come up with a terrier that was
+GI2xM-CAao8-00018-00004512-00004786 capable of hunting above ground and also
+GI2xM-CAao8-00019-00004787-00004949 underground they wanted kind of like the
+GI2xM-CAao8-00020-00004950-00005315 all all-around hunting dog so they're
+GI2xM-CAao8-00021-00005316-00005783 used for small game so rodents rats all
+GI2xM-CAao8-00022-00005784-00006047 the way up to nowadays people use them
+GI2xM-CAao8-00023-00006048-00006359 to hunt uh boar they use them to hunt
+GI2xM-CAao8-00024-00006360-00006814 Badgers they use them to hunt kind of a
+GI2xM-CAao8-00025-00006815-00007048 very wide variety of things if you know
+GI2xM-CAao8-00026-00007050-00007175 anything about Terriers you know that
+GI2xM-CAao8-00027-00007176-00007427 they're kind of a hearty breed the yog
+GI2xM-CAao8-00028-00007428-00007817 Terriers come the the ideal coloring
+GI2xM-CAao8-00029-00007818-00008045 patterns for the octeria is black and
+GI2xM-CAao8-00030-00008045-00008231 tan but they're tan they want a little
+GI2xM-CAao8-00031-00008232-00008519 bit more of a rust color kind of color
+GI2xM-CAao8-00032-00008520-00008807 coat wise similar to another German dog
+GI2xM-CAao8-00033-00008808-00008999 called the Rottweiler that you're
+GI2xM-CAao8-00034-00009000-00009185 probably pretty familiar with the
+GI2xM-CAao8-00035-00009186-00009431 octeres are pretty cool looking little
+GI2xM-CAao8-00036-00009432-00009964 creatures they can the average size for
+GI2xM-CAao8-00037-00009965-00010217 them is about 20 pounds give or take a
+GI2xM-CAao8-00038-00010218-00010489 couple pounds either way full grown
+GI2xM-CAao8-00039-00010490-00010685 we'll kind of talk a little bit about
+GI2xM-CAao8-00040-00010686-00010901 the temperament now so I'm very new to
+GI2xM-CAao8-00041-00010902-00011123 the breed the first time that I got I
+GI2xM-CAao8-00042-00011124-00011260 had my hands on one was probably only
+GI2xM-CAao8-00043-00011261-00011609 about three years ago and surprisingly
+GI2xM-CAao8-00044-00011610-00011903 that one that I have my hands on I've
+GI2xM-CAao8-00045-00011904-00012137 now acquired a puppy from him so my
+GI2xM-CAao8-00046-00012138-00012460 puppy's name is Zazu I'm in Zazu has
+GI2xM-CAao8-00047-00012461-00012623 been the puppy I've been kind of showing
+GI2xM-CAao8-00048-00012624-00012857 you Clips up in this video so
+GI2xM-CAao8-00049-00012858-00013043 temperament wise so if we talk about
+GI2xM-CAao8-00050-00013044-00013294 these These dogs they're very they're
+GI2xM-CAao8-00051-00013295-00013438 what you think of when you think of a
+GI2xM-CAao8-00052-00013440-00013830 terrier right very Hardy
+GI2xM-CAao8-00053-00013831-00013993 very
+GI2xM-CAao8-00054-00013994-00014333 driven dogs and they're generally don't
+GI2xM-CAao8-00055-00014334-00014566 make very good pets so the reason that
+GI2xM-CAao8-00056-00014568-00014951 we or I've got Zazu here is for kind of
+GI2xM-CAao8-00057-00014952-00015215 small game control and rodent control
+GI2xM-CAao8-00058-00015216-00015586 and we have some chickens we have some
+GI2xM-CAao8-00059-00015587-00015821 other farm animals a goat um and
+GI2xM-CAao8-00060-00015822-00016061 sometimes their feed and their bedding
+GI2xM-CAao8-00061-00016062-00016258 and stuff can draw in kind of rodents
+GI2xM-CAao8-00062-00016259-00016721 trying to take refuge and kind of act as
+GI2xM-CAao8-00063-00016722-00017063 a little bit of it uh uh illegal
+GI2xM-CAao8-00064-00017064-00017255 immigration on our farm so we've got
+GI2xM-CAao8-00065-00017256-00017465 Zazu here to do that in the meantime
+GI2xM-CAao8-00066-00017466-00017699 while we have Zazu we're also going to
+GI2xM-CAao8-00067-00017700-00017872 be working with him just doing some
+GI2xM-CAao8-00068-00017873-00018130 obedience things he's definitely
+GI2xM-CAao8-00069-00018131-00018335 very you can see with these Terriers
+GI2xM-CAao8-00070-00018336-00018550 they're very interested in other things
+GI2xM-CAao8-00071-00018551-00018893 with fur so he's any small thing that's
+GI2xM-CAao8-00072-00018894-00019061 moving around and has fur we have
+GI2xM-CAao8-00073-00019062-00019277 rabbits around the farm as well he's
+GI2xM-CAao8-00074-00019278-00019444 very interested in going after so
+GI2xM-CAao8-00075-00019445-00019643 temperament wise
+GI2xM-CAao8-00076-00019644-00019829 from the The Limited experience that I
+GI2xM-CAao8-00077-00019830-00020075 have with these this breed specifically
+GI2xM-CAao8-00078-00020076-00020303 they don't seem that they would make a
+GI2xM-CAao8-00079-00020304-00020555 very good pet dog to just live in your
+GI2xM-CAao8-00080-00020556-00020794 apartment with you with your cats maybe
+GI2xM-CAao8-00081-00020795-00020941 or your other dogs
+GI2xM-CAao8-00082-00020942-00021293 he is so far again Zazu is only about 11
+GI2xM-CAao8-00083-00021294-00021550 weeks old and he gets along fairly well
+GI2xM-CAao8-00084-00021551-00021941 with our our Malinois Ruby but he
+GI2xM-CAao8-00085-00021942-00022277 definitely has no rules to play he is
+GI2xM-CAao8-00086-00022278-00022439 obnoxious with her she just has a really
+GI2xM-CAao8-00087-00022440-00022630 good temperament and uh is accepting of
+GI2xM-CAao8-00088-00022631-00022997 his play style so we'll wrap up kind of
+GI2xM-CAao8-00089-00022998-00023303 our little brief video about these Yak
+GI2xM-CAao8-00090-00023304-00023572 Terriers if you are guys are interested
+GI2xM-CAao8-00091-00023573-00023819 in you know seeing some more footage of
+GI2xM-CAao8-00092-00023820-00023986 the octarius let me know in the comments
+GI2xM-CAao8-00093-00023987-00024233 below and we'll definitely be posting
+GI2xM-CAao8-00094-00024234-00024514 video footage of Zazu regardless while
+GI2xM-CAao8-00095-00024515-00024725 he's uh growing up here under our care
+GI2xM-CAao8-00096-00024726-00025000 and I hope you guys appreciate the video
+GI2xM-CAao8-00097-00025001-00025169 enjoy and I provide you with some
+GI2xM-CAao8-00098-00025170-00025495 information about this breed
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00000-00000468-00001104 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00001-00001105-00001693 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00002-00001694-00003656 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00003-00003657-00005316 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00004-00005317-00006434 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00005-00006436-00006720 what is good everyone welcome back to in
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00006-00006722-00007059 DT live here in the MDT arena episode
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00007-00007061-00007245 number five coming at you
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00008-00007247-00007521 we're just weeks away from MV t money in
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00009-00007522-00007749 the bank it is a very exciting time here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00010-00007750-00007993 in MVC wrestling I cannot wait for the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00011-00007994-00008649 night show Taylor how about you let's go
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00012-00008650-00008935 all we are starting things off would be
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00013-00008936-00009235 phenomenal AJ Styles I'm sure he's here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00014-00009236-00009445 to address the situation from last week
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00015-00009446-00009673 with his matchup with Randy Orton as you
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00016-00009674-00009862 know ladies and gentlemen AJ Styles had
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00017-00009863-00010051 a money in the bait qualifying match up
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00018-00010052-00010345 with Randy Orton in Episode four and CM
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00019-00010346-00010674 Punk distracted AJ thousand costs him
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00020-00010675-00010927 the max up so I'm sure that agent Stassi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00021-00010928-00011074 definitely does look focused as he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00022-00011075-00011248 approaches the ring here tonight Brad
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00023-00011249-00011460 I'm not exactly sure what he's going to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00024-00011461-00011655 say but I'm pretty sure AJ style he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00026-00016703-00016942 so AJ Styles is calling out the general
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00027-00016943-00017131 manager they the interim general manager
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00028-00017132-00017464 edge as here comes our interim general
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00029-00017465-00017755 manager as you know Eric Bischoff was
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00030-00017756-00017932 assaulted by Randy Orton and that you
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00031-00017933-00018115 know he had to replace himself with Ed's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00032-00018116-00018298 the MVP champion so this will be
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00034-00021839-00022057 oh my goodness what a main event we have
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00035-00022058-00022141 here tonight
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00036-00022142-00022420 it is a j-style singing on CM Punk in a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00037-00022421-00022678 money in the big koala fire AJ up for
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00038-00022679-00022966 bid absolutely Bret I cannot wait for
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00039-00022967-00023509 that match up ladies and gentlemen
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00040-00023510-00023743 before we get there we have the debut of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00041-00023744-00024019 Jeff 40 and a money on the bait coming
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00042-00024020-00024254 up next
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00043-00024255-00024473 what is good everybody it is tray for my
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00044-00024474-00024605 damn toys and I wanted to give you guys
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00045-00024606-00024764 a heads up that over at ringside
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00046-00024765-00024986 collectibles wrestling figures calm
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00047-00024987-00025232 Elite Series 58 is up for pre-order as
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00048-00025233-00025463 well as Elite Series 59 use the promo
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00049-00025464-00025685 code envy toys save yourself 10% and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00050-00025686-00026377 enjoy the rest of the show
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00051-00026377-00026608 welcome back live to NBC live episode
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00052-00026608-00026806 number five we are set for money in the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00053-00026807-00027163 bank qualifier between Christian and the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00054-00027164-00028755 debut of the charismatic enigma Jeff 40
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00055-00028756-00028992 what an opportunity for Jeff Hardy here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00056-00028993-00029220 it is debut and MVP opportunity for
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00057-00029220-00029427 Kristin well this is a money in the bank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00058-00029427-00029564 qualifying match event you see the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00059-00029566-00029727 graphic right here guys we have three
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00060-00029727-00030006 more spots to fill and one of these
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00061-00030007-00030129 spots is going to be filled by either
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00062-00030130-00030314 Christian or Jeff Hardy here tonight and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00063-00030316-00030567 I cannot believe that Jeff Hardy
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00064-00030568-00030744 assisted in since matched up to start
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00065-00030745-00030882 off you know Christian has sort of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00066-00030883-00031212 worked his way up here in this card and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00067-00031213-00031380 we are ready to see what he's got here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00068-00031381-00032045 tonight and there he is ladies and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00069-00032047-00032202 gentlemen I cannot believe that Jeff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00070-00032202-00032364 party is finally here it seems that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00071-00032364-00032586 we've been waiting forever for him to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00072-00032587-00032775 show up and here he is making his debut
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00073-00032776-00034297 on MDT live from
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00074-00034298-00034544 Estelle's at his jib or he is bread he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00075-00034545-00034712 has his work cut out for lookout folk
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00076-00034713-00034955 description is and again this is a money
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00077-00034956-00035141 in the bank qualifying match up whoever
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00078-00035142-00035366 wins this matchup will be going on to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00079-00035367-00035594 MDT money in the bank for an opportunity
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00080-00035595-00036176 at the contract what the hell is kristin
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00081-00036177-00036506 looking at oh and a shot good dropkick
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00082-00036507-00036659 straight to the corner by Jeff 40 he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00083-00036660-00036836 coming out hot here in his debut didn't
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00084-00036837-00037016 get destructive he's landed shots and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00085-00037017-00037157 Christians face my god look at the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00086-00037158-00037361 aggressiveness from Jeff Hardy here as
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00087-00037362-00037535 the refs gonna have to back him off
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00088-00037536-00037883 before he gets too out of control as the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00089-00037884-00038147 ref finally controls Jim nice kick there
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00090-00038148-00038318 by Christian as he's trying to get some
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00091-00038319-00038504 momentum starting himself and it is just
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00092-00038505-00038732 an exciting sight to see you love Jeff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00093-00038733-00038990 Hardy I love Jeff Hardy but I am pulling
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00094-00038991-00039194 for Christian in this one well I gotta
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00095-00039195-00039350 say he's got his work cut out for him
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00096-00039351-00039566 here as Jeff Hardy has placed up over
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00097-00039567-00039656 the top
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00098-00039657-00040058 Oh a nice shot there by Jeff Hardy to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00099-00040059-00040268 Christian cuz it looks like oh nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00100-00040269-00040466 woman over there creativity as he sliced
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00101-00040467-00040547 through his legs
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00102-00040548-00040988 that's the logs oh goodness Oh clintus
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00103-00040989-00041129 face there on the apron
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00104-00041130-00041348 very nice innovative move by Jeff Marty
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00105-00041349-00041741 here early in this matchup as Christian
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00106-00041742-00041897 makes it back to his feet he better look
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00107-00041898-00042056 out cuz here comes Jeff springboard off
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00108-00042057-00042308 the rope oh-ho nice hip there as he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00109-00042309-00042464 clunks into our announce table here on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00110-00042465-00042710 the outside three the rope very nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00111-00042711-00042890 move by Jeff Hardy you know you expect
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00112-00042891-00043085 that from Oh what is Jeff Hardy doing
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00113-00043086-00043237 he's he's taking a climb himself
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00114-00043238-00043612 Christian oh there he goes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00115-00043613-00043970 my goodness killer what a jump and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00116-00043971-00044162 landing there by Jeff Hardy into the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00117-00044163-00044567 outside as he rolls away it's nice to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00118-00044568-00044765 see this aggressiveness from Jeff Hardy
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00119-00044766-00044909 here in the early going of this matchup
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00120-00044910-00045053 he knows what's on the line here and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00121-00045054-00045215 this big opportunity as he slides
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00122-00045216-00045464 Christian back inside the ring I wonder
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00123-00045465-00045584 what he's thinking it looks like he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00124-00045585-00045761 gonna go ahead and take a climb here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00125-00045762-00045953 this man goes up to the top rope more
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00126-00045954-00045990 than
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00127-00045991-00046293 I know but Christians later Oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00128-00046294-00046563 wrote to the ball sack as he takes out
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00129-00046564-00046713 Jeff Hardy and that's definitely gonna
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00130-00046714-00047049 slow down the momentum of Jeff classic
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00131-00047050-00047286 Christian classic Christian indeed is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00132-00047287-00047511 he's about the only way yeah he loads up
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00133-00047512-00047760 Jeff Hardy oh goodness and then a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00134-00047761-00047964 freaking ropes to the gut there that is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00135-00047965-00048123 definitely gonna do some damage that was
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00136-00048124-00048303 a very dangerous maneuver there by
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00137-00048304-00048450 Christian but I don't think he cares as
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00138-00048451-00048792 he gives me shots to Jeff and it oh very
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00139-00048793-00049080 nice look at Christian he's mocking Jeff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00140-00049081-00049242 hard as he stomps him on the back of the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00141-00049243-00049388 head my god
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00142-00049389-00049659 the ref having a call off Christian hey
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00143-00049660-00050046 man do a job look at a showboat man
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00144-00050047-00050283 stuff really that's despicable man you
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00145-00050284-00050619 know charisma looks like he's got Jeff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00146-00050620-00050868 Hardy up here Oh verse DDT into the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00147-00050869-00051380 pavement here's the cover on a kick-out
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00148-00051382-00051552 there by Jeff Hardy very very nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00149-00051553-00051830 they're surprised he withstood that that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00150-00051832-00051960 right there is he's a little bit pushing
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00151-00051961-00052133 now for a couple shots a very nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00152-00052134-00052350 dropkick sends him into the freaking
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00153-00052351-00052694 ropes it for now he caught his leg oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00154-00052695-00052872 very nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00155-00052873-00053226 reversal there by Jeff Hardy chrysten
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00156-00053227-00053490 looking for a shot he misses Jeff horn
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00157-00053491-00053640 he swims him into the canvas and it
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00158-00053641-00053772 looks like he's gonna hit him in Knox
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00159-00053773-00053922 oh it goes for the pinfall but he rolls
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00160-00053923-00054222 over the ropes pushes over the ropes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00161-00054223-00054621 oh very nice Jesus very very close Jeff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00162-00054622-00054765 Hardy could have been friggin eliminated
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00163-00054766-00054929 for the money in the bank there as he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00164-00054930-00055091 trips Christian to the floor all cheap
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00165-00055092-00055344 shot Oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00166-00055345-00055644 links to the ball said Hardy very very
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00167-00055645-00055788 nice by Jeff it looks like he's gonna
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00168-00055789-00055944 take a crime here but Chris is back on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00169-00055945-00056001 his feet
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00170-00056002-00056220 he jumps off doesn't Walsh got back on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00171-00056221-00056385 his feet all underneath oh wow
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00172-00056386-00056628 whisper in the wind ah very nice
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00173-00056629-00056778 maneuver there is he's gonna go for the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00174-00056779-00057171 cover on Christian
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00175-00057172-00057439 and a kick-out right there by captain
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00176-00057440-00057598 charisma very surprised he could
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00177-00057599-00057829 withstand the whisper of the wind such
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00178-00057829-00058048 innovative office from Jeff Hardy okay
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00179-00058049-00058305 ooh and a drop get straight to the skull
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00180-00058307-00058462 and I'm telling you I think Christian
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00181-00058463-00058741 may be unconscious Meg's not even moving
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00182-00058741-00058924 we'll check on that man well Jeff Hardy
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00183-00058925-00059053 making my climb I think we know what's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00184-00059054-00059116 coming next
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00185-00059116-00059679 oh Jesus
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00186-00059680-00060250 Tom Schwartz on bond there's the cover
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00187-00060251-00060817 dan and Jeff Lori has qualified for the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00188-00060819-00061037 money in the bank in just a few weeks
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00189-00061038-00061382 very nice debut of mr. forty there's a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00190-00061383-00061535 shot at the Money in the Bank briefcase
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00191-00061536-00061862 I'm contract for the MVT Championship
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00192-00061863-00062198 inside and here's a look for great
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00193-00062199-00062366 contenders already for the money in the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00194-00062366-00062530 bank I cannot wait for this matchup
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00195-00062532-00062876 Ziegler RVD Randy Orton and now we have
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00196-00062877-00063524 Jeff Hardy to join them up next ladies
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00197-00063525-00063674 and gentlemen the shield will address
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00198-00063675-00063878 the MDT universe for the first time
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00199-00063879-00064069 since they won the championships at
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00200-00064070-00064507 blackout what is good everybody it is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00201-00064508-00064694 Trey from my team toys and I wanted to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00202-00064695-00064874 let you guys know that over at extreme
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00203-00064875-00065080 sets dot-com you can pick up your arena
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00204-00065082-00065282 pop-ups for your backup of your crowd
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00205-00065283-00065525 also backstage setups locker room setups
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00206-00065526-00065669 and all kinds of great stuff for your
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00207-00065670-00065831 figures over there use the promo code
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00208-00065832-00066188 MDT you will save 15% bring your WWE
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00209-00066189-00066386 figure arena to life with extreme sets
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00210-00066387-00066792 calm
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00211-00066793-00067029 back here live on NDT live and the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00212-00067030-00067266 shield are on their way to the ring to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00213-00067267-00067530 address the MBC universe after they won
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00214-00067531-00067824 their tornado tag tables match to win
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00215-00067825-00068088 the world championships from the new day
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00216-00068089-00068322 of blackout an absolute intense matchup
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00217-00068323-00068511 I cannot wait to see what these guys
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00218-00068512-00068673 have to say I'm sure it will be
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00219-00068674-00068871 interesting what do you think I'm gonna
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00220-00068872-00069006 take in half
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00221-00069007-00069035 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00222-00069036-00071899 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00223-00071900-00072184 and here come the new day but they're
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00224-00072185-00072406 nowhere in sight I do not see them on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00225-00072407-00072727 the stage here what I'm not coming to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00226-00072728-00075376 the crowd
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00227-00075377-00075568 ladies and gentlemen apparently we have
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00228-00075569-00075832 a World Tag Team Championship match come
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00229-00075833-00076019 from for right now when we return
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00230-00076020-00076222 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00231-00076223-00076459 what is good everybody eat astray for my
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00232-00076460-00076594 name toys and if you are enjoying this
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00233-00076595-00076765 show so far go ahead and hit that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00234-00076766-00076855 subscribe button
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00235-00076856-00077020 turn on notification bell for all
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00236-00077021-00077164 notifications so that you will never
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00237-00077165-00077458 miss an MDT wrestling episode MBT money
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00238-00077459-00077626 in the bank is coming up very soon and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00239-00077627-00077812 you do not want to miss it so let's get
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00240-00077813-00078167 back to the show
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00241-00078168-00078443 welcome back to MDT light episode number
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00242-00078444-00078626 five ladies and gentlemen before the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00243-00078627-00078837 break the new they came out to challenge
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00244-00078838-00079031 the shield they have talked to in Iran
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00245-00079032-00079325 GM edge and they have invoked a rematch
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00246-00079326-00079518 clause from their contract from blackout
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00247-00079519-00079757 so we are set for a World Tag Team
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00248-00079758-00079956 Championship matchup right here right
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00249-00079957-00080286 now as you get a shot at the MDT World
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00250-00080287-00080450 Tag Team Championships there
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00251-00080451-00080582 this match is probably going to be
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00252-00080583-00080811 pretty intense these guys went to war at
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00253-00080812-00081078 blackout in that tables match and a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00254-00081079-00081249 quick tie up here by Kofi Kingston and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00255-00081250-00081518 set ROG's elbow to the cheekbone by Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00256-00081519-00081684 Kingston as the Irish whoops and into
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00257-00081685-00081924 the ropes here comes Seth Rollins all
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00258-00081925-00082094 very nice backbend there by Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00259-00082095-00082356 Kingston Seth looking confused all very
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00260-00082357-00082611 nice hurricanrana into the canvas Jesus
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00261-00082612-00082826 Christ what a innovative move by Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00262-00082827-00083087 Kingston looks like these two have
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00263-00083088-00083357 undergone the filling out process here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00264-00083358-00083511 as they make the revs around the ring
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00265-00083512-00083756 and they're tying up again here Oh a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00266-00083757-00083991 nice shot by this Seth Rollins oh and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00267-00083992-00084301 another nice shot by Seth Rollins
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00268-00084302-00084488 bringing them into the corner already
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00269-00084489-00084701 puts his face there and Big E makes the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00270-00084702-00084930 tag here Oh Kofi Kingston as he enters
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00271-00084931-00085047 the match up here we're gonna see our
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00272-00085048-00085290 first look at Big E oh cool sign there
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00273-00085291-00085635 by Big E as Seth is it gonna hear any of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00274-00085636-00085803 that heroes quickly out of the ring he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00275-00085804-00085931 seems like he was stunned by that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00276-00085932-00086132 massive clothesline by Big E look out
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00277-00086133-00086337 now Oh Seth Rollins better look out here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00278-00086338-00086640 comes baby ho oh he comes up empty and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00279-00086641-00086819 Seth Rollins rolls right back into the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00280-00086820-00086951 ring and I know Big E is gonna be
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00281-00086952-00087129 filling that one bright he took a crash
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00282-00087130-00087321 to the outside and his teammates are
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00283-00087322-00087447 gonna have to help him up to get back
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00284-00087448-00087757 inside the ring is Seth Rollins
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00285-00087758-00088127 well Seth Rollins makes a tag the woman
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00286-00088128-00088334 raised and here comes Big E on the Big
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00287-00088335-00088376 Dawg
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00288-00088377-00088952 oh here he spirited it can be over oh I
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00289-00088953-00089132 think it's over I'm coffee Caixin saves
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00290-00089133-00089363 his teammate there we go pulls Romanoff
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00291-00089364-00089486 but he kicks him square in the face
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00292-00089487-00089714 Roman kicks him straight in the face
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00293-00089715-00090017 except Rollins looks on and Big E is to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00294-00090018-00090269 say it oh nice elbow elbow to the face
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00295-00090270-00090347 of Roman reigns
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00296-00090348-00090614 ohh belly to belly very nice by Big E
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00297-00090615-00091166 he's gonna go for the cover oh you know
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00298-00091167-00091292 it's gonna take more than that to put
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00299-00091293-00091619 away the big dog here Big E is looking
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00300-00091620-00091766 on as Roman reigns it's trying to make
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00301-00091767-00091949 it back to his feet he tacks Kofi in so
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00302-00091950-00092126 Kobe's gonna get some work in his ass
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00303-00092127-00092294 all they're looking for our double team
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00304-00092295-00092482 move it looks like Kofi into the ropes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00305-00092483-00092912 coming back oh yes very nice by Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00306-00092913-00093110 takes a nice teamwork there from Big E
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00307-00093111-00093335 as well looks like Seth Rollins is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00308-00093336-00093500 distracting Kofi Kingston but he better
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00309-00093501-00093671 look out I think the big dogs right
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00310-00093672-00093803 behind it looks like he's gonna press
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00311-00093804-00093998 and Seth Rollins does make the tackle
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00312-00093999-00094214 Romans shoulder there as he sends Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00313-00094215-00094463 across the ring oh look out he's got a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00314-00094464-00094682 lot of speed coming off oh my goodness
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00315-00094683-00094973 it fell he fell forever it seemed like
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00316-00094974-00095141 as Seth Rollins cools the ropes down
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00317-00095142-00095339 Kofi takes on terrible fresh to the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00318-00095340-00095597 outside Xavier woods very worried about
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00319-00095598-00095783 his teammate here's Kofi is moving but
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00320-00095784-00096047 Seth Rollins is telling Dean Ambrose to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00321-00096048-00096350 get his ass back inside the ring and it
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00322-00096351-00096488 looks like Dean Ambrose is gonna obey
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00323-00096489-00096713 here as he puts his United States
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00324-00096714-00097013 Championship down Oh Seth Rollins
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00325-00097014-00097223 threatens Xavier with his life if he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00326-00097224-00097445 were to approach Kofi Kingston and I
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00327-00097446-00097631 guess Dean Ambrose is going to mind as
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00328-00097632-00097820 he throws Kofi back inside the ring a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00329-00097821-00098024 set did make the tag he's the legal man
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00330-00098025-00098429 ooh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00331-00098430-00098735 Oh God thank you double stops to the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00332-00098736-00098891 ankle there Kofi case and he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00333-00098892-00099161 definitely filling that one wood SEF
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00334-00099162-00099398 slams Kofi's knee right into the canvas
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00335-00099399-00099515 you know that's gonna take a toll on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00336-00099516-00099725 Kofi Kingston and he's got him here but
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00337-00099726-00099956 I'll co me with a nice reversal job
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00338-00099957-00100148 right Seth Rollins sends it across the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00339-00100149-00100367 ring as Kofi may be able to build some
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00340-00100368-00100661 momentum off of this move looks like
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00341-00100662-00100853 Kofi's thinking something here Oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00342-00100854-00101129 dropkick to the back as he quickly gets
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00343-00101130-00101279 back up on his feet he's little bit of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00344-00101280-00101555 springboard dropkick oh very nice by
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00345-00101556-00101795 Kofi Kingston trying to get this crowd
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00346-00101796-00101963 behind him in the new days of trying to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00347-00101964-00102131 win back their Championships as it looks
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00348-00102132-00102377 like Cesco for the tag so is Kofi
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00349-00102378-00102532 Kingston there's a tangle woman two
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00350-00102533-00102701 tagged a biggie let's go Eddie we got
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00351-00102702-00102890 two big men going head to head here in
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00352-00102891-00103024 the middle of the Ring
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00353-00103025-00103379 they litter very very nice by Big E as
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00354-00103380-00103510 he's getting back up on his feet oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00355-00103511-00103757 another belly of the way very nice by
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00356-00103758-00104114 Big E he's tearing him up oh and another
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00357-00104115-00104458 one Eva move the trifecta there as the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00358-00104459-00104651 momentum is definitely on uday side here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00359-00104652-00104801 as he is looking around the rainy it
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00360-00104802-00104918 looks like he's gonna go for the big
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00361-00104919-00105290 splash as he dances himself away there
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00362-00105291-00105542 is he's going across to the ropes coming
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00363-00105543-00105883 back over here a woman wins again back
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00364-00105884-00106226 up Oh a nice shot there by Roman reigns
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00365-00106227-00106408 just to stop the momentum here another
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00366-00106409-00106652 shot to the face there let woman raise
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00367-00106653-00106979 the big e into the corner oh here comes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00368-00106980-00107772 Roman Jesus goes for the cover
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00369-00107773-00108125 and a kick-out on a big dog you know
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00370-00108126-00108297 that was a very heads-up moved there by
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00371-00108298-00108507 biggie to catch Roman in midair to slim
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00372-00108508-00108732 into the turf it looks like they're
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00373-00108733-00108884 gonna tie up here oh he goes to the big
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00374-00108885-00109034 ending it looks like but he gets out of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00375-00109035-00109334 it and Roman reigns shot to the face
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00376-00109335-00109634 here comes Roman oh it lifts it up and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00377-00109635-00109920 over onto the apron oh there's a tag the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00378-00109921-00110124 Kobe Kobe did make the tag as biggie
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00379-00110125-00110252 looks like he's gonna be looking for a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00380-00110253-00110493 spirit of Roman boom oh he takes him
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00381-00110494-00110633 straight out of the ring with a dive
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00382-00110633-00110891 Xavier was just as shocked as we are my
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00383-00110892-00111075 god biggie is been flying all over the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00384-00111076-00111108 place
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00385-00111108-00111345 Kofi instructing Xavier to pick up
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00386-00111346-00111539 biggie as a after he takes a huge fall
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00387-00111540-00111771 as biggie makes it back to his feet he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00388-00111772-00111926 throwing Roman reigns back inside the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00389-00111927-00112296 ring what is Kofi thinking here better
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00390-00112297-00112458 than what I was looking for the trouble
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00391-00112458-00112613 in paradise here comes the kick I like
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00392-00112614-00113049 Robin Oh Superman punch it's royalty
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00393-00113050-00113298 it's since Kofi out of the ring my cub
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00394-00113299-00113496 would have shot Dean Ambrose going after
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00395-00113497-00113789 Kofi all but spear let's go Xavier woods
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00396-00113790-00113973 whipping up on Dean Ambrose but Seth
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00397-00113974-00114120 Rollins is having none of it he dives on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00398-00114121-00114287 top of them my god they're going wild
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00399-00114288-00114611 here comes Big E Natalya hardy my god
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00400-00114613-00114833 crushing all three men as the ref is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00401-00114834-00115135 trying to get control of the situation
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00402-00115136-00115415 Roman reigns distracted here well there
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00403-00115416-00115698 goes Kofi here comes Kofi he took some
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00404-00115699-00115907 ball and here comes Roman reigns back
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00405-00115908-00116671 span of a day
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00406-00116672-00116920 and a shower attained the shield
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00407-00116921-00117145 retainer World Tag Team Championships my
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00408-00117146-00117421 goodness what an epic matchup here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00409-00117422-00117585 tonight and I know that knew they have
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00410-00117586-00117841 to be disappointed I'm disappointed
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00411-00117842-00118024 everyone went to war here in this
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00412-00118025-00118333 matchup a great set of tag teams here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00413-00118333-00118558 going head to head as the shield retain
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00414-00118558-00118744 the World Tag Team Championships as they
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00415-00118745-00119065 celebrate in the ring [__] and the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00416-00119066-00119479 new day disappointment once again
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00417-00119480-00119816 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00418-00119817-00120544 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00419-00120545-00120918 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00420-00120919-00121138 what is good everybody it is trait from
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00421-00121139-00121273 my name toys I want to give a shout out
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00422-00121274-00121458 to our Instagram page go follow us over
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00423-00121459-00121726 there at my damn toys we post a custom
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00424-00121727-00121882 one-of-a-kind finn bálor every single
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00425-00121883-00122065 month and post a lot of amazing WWE
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00426-00122066-00122215 figure shots but now that we've covered
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00427-00122216-00122383 that guys let's go ahead and get back to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00428-00122383-00122622 the action
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00429-00122623-00122914 welcome back to a BT live as we are set
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00430-00122915-00123076 to hear from our interim general manager
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00431-00123077-00123448 edge the MBT champion the first-ever MDT
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00432-00123449-00123667 champion as you know on Episode four of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00433-00123668-00123922 MBT law John Cena appeared out of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00434-00123923-00124108 nowhere nobody expected it and he
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00435-00124108-00124426 challenged edge to a MDC championship
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00436-00124427-00124615 match at money in the bank what are your
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00437-00124616-00124765 thoughts well I wasn't there that night
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00438-00124766-00124996 and just like Roman I don't care for
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00439-00124997-00125188 John so you don't think he deserves this
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00440-00125189-00125392 opportunity at the MDT championship
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00441-00125393-00125683 salutely none well Bret here he comes to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00442-00125683-00126055 the ring oh good John Cena making his
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00443-00126056-00126289 second appearance here on MDT live
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00444-00126290-00126560 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00445-00126561-00126978 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00446-00126979-00127932 [Applause]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00448-00134910-00135294 so it is official in DT championship on
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00449-00135295-00135537 the line John Cena versus the first-ever
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00450-00135538-00135858 champion edge and MVT money in the bank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00451-00135859-00136614 I cannot wait for this matchup we are
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00452-00136615-00136794 set for our main event here tonight AJ
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00453-00136795-00137052 Styles take it on CM Punk for money in
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00454-00137053-00137420 the bank qualifier when we come back
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00455-00137421-00137631 what is good everybody I want to take
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00456-00137632-00137868 this time to please let us know any
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00457-00137869-00138084 feedback on the show give us a full show
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00458-00138085-00138243 review break down every single segment
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00459-00138244-00138468 every single match let us know it really
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00460-00138469-00138639 helps out the show on vindication and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00461-00138640-00138912 envy t live leave me a huge long book to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00462-00138913-00139050 read about the show down in the comment
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00463-00139051-00139206 section below I love reading them and I
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00464-00139207-00139359 love hearing your guys thoughts thank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00465-00139360-00139521 you guys so much and please leave us a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00466-00139522-00139966 review after the show
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00467-00139967-00140210 ladies and gentlemen it is main event
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00468-00140211-00140513 time a dream matchup right here AJ
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00469-00140514-00140906 Styles vs CM Punk the phenomenal one
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00470-00140907-00141167 coming out to the ring to start making
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00471-00141168-00141679 his way to the way
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00472-00141680-00142201 I can't believe we're actually going to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00473-00142202-00142342 be witnessing this matchup here tonight
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00474-00142343-00142549 on NBC live who would have ever thought
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00475-00142550-00142813 that AJ South with a one-on-one with CM
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00476-00142814-00142999 Punk here tonight on live television
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00477-00143000-00143167 it's the best in the world
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00478-00143168-00143557 versus the best in the world well
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00479-00143558-00143803 speaking of the best in the world
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00480-00143804-00144358 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00481-00144359-00144896 to the lane
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00482-00144897-00145503 see
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00483-00145504-00145768 [Music]
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00484-00145769-00146060 it is clobbering time indeed Brad see
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00485-00146061-00146198 I'm pump making his second appearance
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00486-00146199-00146453 here we have not seen CM Punk compete in
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00487-00146454-00146645 the match since episode 1 when he went
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00488-00146646-00146816 for the MVP championship in that fatal
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00489-00146817-00147038 4-way TLC match up he should have won
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00490-00147039-00147236 then well he's got a huge opportunity
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00491-00147237-00147434 here tonight to enter himself into that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00492-00147435-00147641 money in the bank he'll have you know to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00493-00147642-00147794 go through these men though if he does
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00494-00147795-00148016 win he's got Randy Orton Jeff Hardy RVD
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00495-00148017-00148196 and Dolph Ziggler already in there two
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00496-00148197-00148451 more remaining spots and I cannot wait
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00497-00148452-00148685 to see who is gonna fill in this last a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00498-00148686-00150907 statment
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00499-00150908-00151266 and we are off of this match of epic
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00500-00151267-00151435 proportions here as they make their
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00501-00151436-00151599 rounds oh they're going straight at each
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00502-00151600-00151728 other look at it they're whaling on one
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00503-00151729-00151926 another my god - of the best of the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00504-00151927-00152124 world go head-to-head Oh a nice knee
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00505-00152125-00152296 there I don't looking for the high kick
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00506-00152297-00152526 he misses pop up on his feet oh very
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00507-00152527-00152766 nice there by AJ South goes for the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00508-00152767-00152979 clothesline misses I'll neck breaker
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00509-00152980-00153186 there by CM Punk these guys are not
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00510-00153187-00153324 slowing down at all radical what I
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00511-00153325-00153498 expect they're going right at each other
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00512-00153499-00153631 you knew it was gonna happen it looks
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00513-00153632-00153753 like he's looking for the springboard
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00514-00153754-00153960 clothesline Oh kicks him straight in the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00515-00153961-00154207 face very nice reversal by AJ these guys
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00516-00154208-00154362 are not slowing down at all without God
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00517-00154363-00154512 going straight at each other
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00518-00154513-00154744 I want a four I'm not seeing Punk right
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00519-00154745-00154909 off the apron that's very reminiscent of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00520-00154910-00155109 last week when he did that exact thing
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00521-00155110-00155304 to cost AJ Styles the matchup
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00522-00155305-00155509 CM Punk makes his way back to his feet
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00523-00155510-00155766 almost like a Jenni when I will forward
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00524-00155767-00156046 blaze it is I god I think he'd knock CM
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00525-00156047-00156222 Punk out cold here early in the matchup
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00526-00156223-00156496 he makes his way back up to his feet see
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00527-00156497-00156684 a punk on his feet as well he slides him
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00528-00156685-00156999 back inside the ring and he's crawling
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00529-00157000-00157161 to his feet after that shot from the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00530-00157162-00157464 phenomenal forearm and my goodness these
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00531-00157465-00157609 guys are going knighted enough and here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00532-00157610-00157872 early in this matchup CM Punk in the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00533-00157873-00158073 corner now he turns around : this is a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00534-00158074-00158235 floor I mean smashes his face on the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00535-00158236-00158511 turnbuckle see him both looking for that
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00536-00158512-00158940 knee pull Oh into the Bulldog grad my
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00537-00158941-00159208 goodness I just gotta go for the cover
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00538-00159209-00159756 now
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00539-00159757-00159991 NHS South keeps his money of a bank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00540-00159992-00160399 hopes alive here in this matchup though
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00541-00160400-00160648 looks like a kick he misses trips up CM
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00542-00160649-00160900 Punk and CM Punk pulling away now he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00543-00160901-00161031 on his freakin back Oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00544-00161032-00161296 sliding fall under the face of punk and
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00545-00161297-00161575 AJ just witness forearm shots is
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00546-00161576-00161794 ridiculous here in this matchup CM Punk
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00547-00161795-00162133 trying to get back onto his feet other
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00548-00162134-00162340 wailing on each other again oh he misses
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00549-00162341-00162619 chocolates to play hail Jesus he suplex
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00550-00162620-00162778 him right out of the ring guard with a
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00551-00162779-00163042 fall what a fall indeed as it looks like
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00552-00163043-00163291 AJ is slowly making it way back to his
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00553-00163292-00163507 feet and he better look out here comes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00554-00163508-00163792 CM Punk over there Oh suicide dive takes
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00555-00163793-00164059 out AJ on the outside as AJ lays waste
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00556-00164060-00164158 on the outside
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00557-00164159-00164371 CM Punk picking up up here I think he's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00558-00164372-00164533 gonna I think he's gonna go for the GT
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00559-00164534-00164857 and so forth he's loading him up here
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00560-00164858-00164970 comes Oh
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00561-00164971-00165247 oh my god I think he's still hit his
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00562-00165248-00165487 photo he they're both out cold
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00563-00165488-00165760 AJ landed the forearm but he continued
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00564-00165761-00166006 the knee and it struck a J right on the
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00565-00166007-00166195 chin I think both of these guys are out
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00566-00166196-00166438 in the referee has no choice but to
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00567-00166439-00166966 start counting these guys are not moving
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00568-00166967-00167143 these guys are not moving Brad there's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00569-00167144-00167281 no way they're gonna be able to make it
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00570-00167282-00167416 back into the ring on time there's no
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00571-00167417-00168052 way the count at six now seven it's it's
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00572-00168053-00168235 over branded what do you do
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00573-00168236-00168552 dammit
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00574-00168553-00168840 well this match isn't or no contest what
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00575-00168841-00168995 does this mean for the money in the bank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00576-00168996-00169356 see a punk he's neat bounce right off of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00577-00169357-00169650 AJ's nose and now both men are laid
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00578-00169651-00169830 waste to the outside what what is going
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00579-00169831-00169953 to happen for the money in the bank
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00580-00169954-00170238 qualifier who makes the match I just
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00581-00170239-00170412 want to find out on the next episode of
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00582-00170413-00170798 MBT live episode number six good night
+GJjTIkJx3ly-00583-00170799-00171120 whisper in the wind
+GLtACvPxxdA-00000-00000135-00001887 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00001-00001888-00002492 oh
+GLtACvPxxdA-00002-00002493-00002786 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00003-00002787-00003343 [Applause]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00004-00003344-00004310 much
+GLtACvPxxdA-00005-00004311-00005686 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00006-00005687-00006631 foreign
+GLtACvPxxdA-00007-00006631-00006859 go go
+GLtACvPxxdA-00008-00006859-00007681 go go go go go
+GLtACvPxxdA-00009-00007683-00009780 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00010-00009781-00011361 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00011-00011362-00012103 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00012-00012104-00014077 so
+GLtACvPxxdA-00013-00014078-00014511 [Applause]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00014-00014512-00015097 oh
+GLtACvPxxdA-00015-00015097-00016415 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00016-00016416-00017183 me
+GLtACvPxxdA-00017-00017184-00017367 go
+GLtACvPxxdA-00018-00017368-00018121 go
+GLtACvPxxdA-00019-00018122-00020535 [Music]
+GLtACvPxxdA-00020-00020536-00021999 so
+GLtACvPxxdA-00021-00022000-00022208 you
+GNh-II04ORY-00000-00001423-00003390 [Applause]
+GNh-II04ORY-00001-00003392-00003599 that is the house that should be
+GNh-II04ORY-00002-00003600-00003903 unifying the people of kenya not being
+GNh-II04ORY-00003-00003904-00004254 used as an avenue to propagate hate
+GNh-II04ORY-00004-00004255-00004575 ethnic hatred and ethnic divisions and
+GNh-II04ORY-00005-00004576-00004847 to divide the people of kenya to amber
+GNh-II04ORY-00006-00004848-00006902 artutake
+GNh-II04ORY-00007-00006903-00007078 [Music]
+GNh-II04ORY-00008-00007079-00007833 foreign
+GNh-II04ORY-00009-00007834-00007974 [Applause]
+GNh-II04ORY-00010-00007975-00008264 money
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00000-00000086-00000434 hyperspace as a faster-than-light FTL
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00001-00000434-00000695 method of traveling used in science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00002-00000696-00001064 fiction it is typically described as an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00003-00001065-00001437 alternative sub region of space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00004-00001438-00001697 coexisting with our own universe which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00005-00001698-00001967 may be entered using an energy field or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00006-00001968-00002335 other device as seen in most fiction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00007-00002336-00002635 hyperspace as most succinctly described
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00008-00002636-00003005 as uh somewhere else within which the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00009-00003006-00003283 laws of general and special relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00010-00003284-00003611 decidedly do not apply especially with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00011-00003611-00003847 respect to the speed of light being the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00012-00003848-00004208 cosmic speed limit entering and exiting
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00013-00004209-00004661 said elsewhere thus directly enables
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00014-00004662-00004925 travel near or faster than the speed of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00015-00004926-00005201 light almost universally with the aid of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00016-00005202-00005638 extremely advanced technology through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00017-00005639-00006002 hyperspace that unimaginable region that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00018-00006003-00006347 was neither space nor time matter nor
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00019-00006348-00006685 energy something nor nothing one could
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00020-00006686-00006950 traverse the length of the galaxy in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00021-00006951-00007163 interval between two neighboring
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00022-00007164-00007634 instants of time astronomical distances
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00023-00007634-00007780 and the impossibility of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00024-00007781-00008017 faster-than-light travel pose a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00025-00008018-00008267 challenge to most science fiction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00026-00008268-00008560 authors they can be dealt with in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00027-00008561-00008828 several ways except them as such
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00028-00008829-00009176 hibernation slow boats generation ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00029-00009177-00009470 time dilation the crew will perceive the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00030-00009471-00009749 distance as much shorter and thus flight
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00031-00009750-00009908 time will be short from their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00032-00009909-00010181 perspective find a way to move faster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00033-00010182-00010574 than light warp drive fold space to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00034-00010575-00010919 achieve instantaneous translation eg the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00035-00010920-00011231 Dune universes holtzmann effect access
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00036-00011232-00011558 some sort of shortcut wormholes utilize
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00037-00011559-00011869 a closed timelike curve eg Stross
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00038-00011870-00012212 singularity sky or sidestep the problem
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00039-00012213-00012499 in an alternate space hyperspace with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00040-00012500-00012760 spacecraft able to use hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00041-00012761-00013113 sometimes said to have a hyperdrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00042-00013115-00013422 detailed descriptions of the mechanisms
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00043-00013423-00013686 of hyperspace travel are often provided
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00044-00013687-00013960 in stories using the plot device
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00045-00013961-00014260 sometimes incorporating some actual
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00046-00014261-00014518 physics such as relativity or string
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00047-00014519-00014947 theory authors may develop alternative
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00048-00014947-00015253 names for hyperspace in their works such
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00049-00015254-00015516 as the immaterial used in Warhammer
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00050-00015516-00015949 40000 Z space in Animorphs or under
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00051-00015950-00016333 space use space commonly referred to in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00052-00016334-00017035 the works of Neil Asher
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00053-00017036-00017641 topic normal-space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00054-00017642-00018049 in normal 3d space the shortest path
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00055-00018050-00018391 between two events a and B is by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00056-00018392-00018739 traveling in a straight line because of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00057-00018740-00019000 relativity there is no such thing as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00058-00019001-00019267 Universal Time so let the time be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00059-00019268-00019498 measured with respect to a clock whose
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00060-00019499-00019879 motion matches the space-time path call
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00061-00019880-00020311 this space-time path P then the shortest
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00062-00020312-00020593 path in space has simply the path in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00063-00020594-00021055 space traced by the space-time path P
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00064-00021056-00021346 in strict mathematical terms it may be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00065-00021347-00021630 impossible to define such a path along
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00066-00021631-00022009 which matter can travel however it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00067-00022010-00022288 usually is possible to find an infinite
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00068-00022289-00022516 sequence of paths that converge
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00069-00022517-00022818 uniformly to some limit that as some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00070-00022819-00023185 limiting paths of course under
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00071-00023186-00023461 relativity matter may not be able to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00072-00023462-00023713 travel along this limiting path but
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00073-00023714-00023941 light can travel along this path
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00074-00023942-00024250 in fact the path of the light beam from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00075-00024251-00024691 A to B as the theoretical limit no ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00076-00024692-00024969 in normal space could follow the path of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00077-00024970-00025269 light in 4d space-time but it can get
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00078-00025270-00025504 arbitrarily close until the energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00079-00025505-00025809 required to go any faster exceeds the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00080-00025810-00026239 energy available this path or limiting
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00081-00026239-00026538 path may not be unique there may be many
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00082-00026539-00027031 shortest paths also no path may exist
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00083-00027032-00027364 for example suppose a lies in a black
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00084-00027364-00027613 hole and B lies outside the black hole
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00085-00027614-00027976 since nothing can exit a black hole such
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00086-00027977-00028381 a path would not exist finally because
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00087-00028382-00028692 of general relativity this path is not a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00088-00028693-00029077 straight line in the strict euclidean
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00089-00029077-00029548 sense but us curved for example if we
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00090-00029549-00029773 aimed a rocket at the moon traveling
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00091-00029774-00029986 near the speed of light the shortest
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00092-00029987-00030244 path to the moon is still a curved path
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00093-00030245-00030621 in fact even if we aimed a photon of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00094-00030622-00030856 light at the moon it will follow a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00095-00030857-00031135 curved path since gravity bends all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00096-00031136-00031513 things the space along which the photon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00097-00031514-00031783 travels as in fact curved because
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00098-00031783-00032158 gravity curves space itself just like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00099-00032158-00032445 traveling along the surface of water if
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00100-00032447-00032698 the surface of the water has swelled in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00101-00032699-00032983 a way then it would still be possible to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00102-00032984-00033196 travel in a straight line through the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00103-00033197-00033463 water traveling underneath the way but
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00104-00033464-00033665 it would require more effort than just
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00105-00033666-00033939 travelling along the curved surface of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00106-00033940-00034306 the water it is still possible to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00107-00034307-00034432 in a straight line
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00108-00034433-00034674 to the moon yet since the curved light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00109-00034675-00034968 beam as the best the curved path close
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00110-00034969-00035205 to this beam following the path of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00111-00035206-00035455 curved space is better than the straight
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00112-00035456-00035802 path this is because the light beam is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00113-00035803-00036064 technically actually traveling in a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00114-00036065-00036295 straight line relative to the curved
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00115-00036296-00036577 space it is traveling in but the space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00116-00036578-00036852 itself is curved so it appears to an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00117-00036853-00037111 outside observer that the light beam is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00118-00037112-00037489 traveling in a curved line of course if
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00119-00037490-00037798 we take energy expenditures into account
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00120-00037799-00038074 then the minimum energy paths are just
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00121-00038075-00038395 transfer orbits and gravity boosts that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00122-00038396-00038683 Earth Space Agency's predominantly use
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00123-00038684-00039392 although these are not fast
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00124-00039393-00039942 topic travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00125-00039943-00040207 generally speaking the idea of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00126-00040208-00040510 hyperspace relies on the existence of a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00127-00040511-00040840 separate and adjacent dimension when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00128-00040841-00041116 activated the hyperdrive shunts the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00129-00041117-00041386 starship into this other dimension where
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00130-00041387-00041656 it can cover vast distances in an amount
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00131-00041657-00041935 of time greatly reduced from the time it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00132-00041936-00042340 would take in normal space once it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00133-00042341-00042589 reaches the point in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00134-00042590-00042850 that corresponds to its destination in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00135-00042851-00043420 real space it really words some or all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00136-00043421-00043720 paths in hyperspace may have a travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00137-00043721-00043936 time less than the time it takes to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00138-00043937-00044311 traverse the shortest path in normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00139-00044312-00044668 space defined above the time it takes to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00140-00044669-00044953 travel in hyperspace as measured in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00141-00044954-00045205 same way time is measured in normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00142-00045206-00045450 space unless the hyperspace is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00143-00045451-00045856 discontinuous for example the path in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00144-00045857-00046120 hyperspace may not be smooth but a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00145-00046121-00046402 sequence of points and the time changed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00146-00046403-00046597 from jumping from one point to another
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00147-00046598-00047026 may be abrupt in this case add the time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00148-00047027-00047380 jumps some may be positive jumps to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00149-00047381-00047632 future and some negative jumps to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00150-00047633-00047923 past depending on how the hyperspace is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00151-00047924-00048140 defined
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00152-00048141-00048405 explanations of why ships can travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00153-00048406-00048707 faster than light in hyperspace very
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00154-00048708-00048968 hyperspace may be smaller than real
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00155-00048969-00049206 space and therefore a starships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00156-00049207-00049305 propulsion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00157-00049306-00049557 seems to be greatly multiplied or else
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00158-00049558-00049836 the speed of light in hyperspace has not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00159-00049837-00050140 a barrier as it is in real space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00160-00050141-00050421 whatever the reasoning the general
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00161-00050422-00050652 effect is that ships traveling in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00162-00050653-00050925 hyperspace seem to have broken the speed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00163-00050926-00051177 of light appearing at their destinations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00164-00051178-00051429 much more quickly and without the shift
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00165-00051429-00051614 in time that the theory of relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00166-00051615-00052098 would suggest in much science-fiction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00167-00052099-00052364 hyperdrive jumps require a considerable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00168-00052365-00052698 amount of planning and calculation with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00169-00052699-00052923 any error carrying a threat of dire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00170-00052924-00053123 consequences
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00171-00053124-00053432 therefore jumps may cover a much shorter
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00172-00053433-00053666 distance than would actually be possible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00173-00053667-00054015 so that the navigator can stop to look
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00174-00054016-00054329 around take their bearings plot their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00175-00054330-00054626 position and plan the next jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00176-00054627-00054921 maneuvering in hyperspace may or may not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00177-00054922-00055266 be possible the time it takes to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00178-00055266-00055688 in hyperspace also varies Travel may be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00179-00055689-00055938 instantaneous or may take hours days
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00180-00055939-00056373 weeks or more some theories state that a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00181-00056374-00056625 route traveled for a long time may
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00182-00056626-00056922 continuously stay open
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00183-00056923-00057213 a different concept sometimes also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00184-00057214-00057666 referred to as hyperspace and similarly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00185-00057666-00058038 used to explain FTL travel in fiction is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00186-00058039-00058279 that the manifold of ordinary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00187-00058280-00058517 three-dimensional space has curved in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00188-00058519-00058941 four or more higher spatial dimensions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00189-00058941-00059427 ah hyperspace in the geometric sense see
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00190-00059428-00059529 hypersurface
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00191-00059529-00059925 tesseract flatland this curvature causes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00192-00059926-00060200 certain widely-separated point in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00193-00060201-00060399 three-dimensional space to nonetheless
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00194-00060400-00060786 be adjacent to each other four
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00195-00060787-00061179 dimensionally creating an aperture in 4d
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00196-00061179-00061497 space a wormhole between these locations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00197-00061498-00061761 can allow instantaneous transit between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00198-00061762-00062115 the two locations a common comparison is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00199-00062116-00062382 that of a folded piece of paper where a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00200-00062383-00062649 hole punched through two folded sections
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00201-00062650-00062889 as more direct than a line drawn between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00202-00062890-00063237 them on the sheet this idea probably
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00203-00063238-00063491 arose out of certain popular
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00204-00063492-00063707 descriptions of general relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00205-00063708-00064026 and/or Riemannian manifolds and may be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00206-00064027-00064254 the original form from which later
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00207-00064254-00064683 concepts of hyperspace arose this form
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00208-00064684-00065049 often restricts FTL travel to specific
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00209-00065050-00065145 jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00210-00065146-00065365 points
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00211-00065366-00065635 a difficulty with interstellar travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00212-00065636-00065923 through hyperspace as navigation at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00213-00065924-00066202 small distances like the local solar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00214-00066203-00066307 neighborhood
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00215-00066308-00066610 the astronomical background cartography
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00216-00066611-00066805 will not have changed much and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00217-00066806-00067186 coordinates can be extrapolated however
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00218-00067187-00067498 as the distance traveled increases the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00219-00067499-00067756 background cartography changes more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00220-00067757-00068089 dramatically if slower than Lightspeed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00221-00068090-00068359 were used for travel through normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00222-00068360-00068617 space it would be easy to record the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00223-00068618-00068815 change in the cartography
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00224-00068816-00069055 but because the view of the cartography
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00225-00069056-00069313 is hidden when in hyperspace it is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00226-00069314-00069586 impossible to keep a record simply by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00227-00069587-00069961 visual reconciliation alone science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00228-00069962-00070225 fiction has myriad solutions to this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00229-00070226-00070775 problem
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00230-00070776-00071394 topic early depictions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00231-00071395-00071718 though the concept of hyperspace did not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00232-00071719-00072066 emerge until the 20th century stories of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00233-00072067-00072342 an unseen realm outside our normal world
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00234-00072343-00072731 are part of earliest oral tradition some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00235-00072732-00072987 stories before the development of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00236-00072988-00073248 science fiction genre features space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00237-00073249-00073503 travel using a fictional existence
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00238-00073504-00073906 outside what humans normally observe in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00239-00073907-00074438 somnium published 1634 Johannes Kepler
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00240-00074439-00074663 tells of travel to the moon with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00241-00074664-00075090 help of demons from the 1930s through to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00242-00075091-00075431 the 1950s many stories in the science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00243-00075432-00075719 fiction magazines amazing stories and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00244-00075720-00075987 astounding science fiction introduced
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00245-00075988-00076230 readers to hyperspace as a fourth
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00246-00076231-00076674 spatial dimension Kirk meadow Crofts the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00247-00076675-00077091 invisible bubble 1928 and John
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00248-00077092-00077176 Campbell's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00249-00077177-00077693 islands of space 1931 features an early
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00250-00077694-00078021 reference to hyperspace in John Buchan
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00251-00078022-00078321 Zrii retain Ian's romance novel the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00252-00078322-00078804 house of the Four Winds 1935 the young
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00253-00078805-00079393 Scotsman John jakey Gault is said to no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00254-00079394-00079769 less than pre greater than / pre greater
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00255-00079770-00080051 than dot-dot-dot less about women than
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00256-00080052-00080522 he knew about the physics of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00257-00080523-00080865 writers of stories in magazines used the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00258-00080866-00081203 hyperspace concept in various ways in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00259-00081204-00081782 the mystery of element 117 1949 by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00260-00081783-00082062 Milton Smith a window is opened into a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00261-00082063-00082512 new hyper plane of hyperspace containing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00262-00082513-00082756 those who have already died on earth in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00263-00082757-00083196 arthur c clarke s-- technical error 1950
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00264-00083197-00083490 a man is laterally reversed by a brief
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00265-00083491-00083974 accidental encounter with hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00266-00083975-00084282 hyperspace travel became widespread in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00267-00084283-00084567 science fiction because of the perceived
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00268-00084568-00084904 limitations of FTL travel in ordinary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00269-00084905-00085505 space in EE Smith's gray lensman 1939 a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00270-00085506-00085881 fifth-order drive allows travel to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00271-00085882-00086065 anywhere in the universe while
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00272-00086066-00086325 hyperspace weapons are used to attack
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00273-00086326-00086680 spaceships in Nelson Bond's the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00274-00086681-00087063 scientific pioneer returns 1940 the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00275-00087064-00087480 hyperspace concept is described Isaac
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00276-00087481-00087772 Asimov's foundation series first
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00277-00087773-00088236 published between 1942 and 1944 in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00278-00088237-00088510 astounding featured a Galactic Empire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00279-00088511-00088891 traversed through hyperspace Asimov's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00280-00088892-00089116 short story little lost
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00281-00089117-00089646 robot 1947 features a hyperatomic dry
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00282-00089647-00090061 shortened to hyperdrive and observes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00283-00090062-00090385 that fooling around with hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00284-00090386-00091025 isn't fun
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00285-00091026-00091401 topic popular depictions in science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00286-00091402-00091811 fiction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00287-00091812-00092206 by the 1950s hyperspace travel was
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00288-00092207-00092453 established as a typical means for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00289-00092454-00092757 traveling many stories feature
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00290-00092758-00093041 hyperspace as a dangerous place and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00291-00093042-00093311 others require a ship to follow set
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00292-00093312-00093751 hyperspatial highways hyperspace is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00293-00093752-00094009 often described as being an unnavigable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00294-00094010-00094292 dimension where straying from a preset
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00295-00094293-00094732 course can be disastrous in some science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00296-00094733-00095042 fiction the danger of hyperspace travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00297-00095043-00095248 as due to the chance that the route
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00298-00095249-00095512 through hyperspace may take a ship too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00299-00095513-00095823 close to a celestial body with a large
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00300-00095824-00096156 gravitational field such as a star in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00301-00096157-00096560 such scenarios if a starship passes too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00302-00096561-00096848 close to a large gravitational field
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00303-00096849-00097148 while in hyperspace the ship is forcibly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00304-00097149-00097423 pulled out of hyperspace and reverts to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00305-00097424-00097778 normal space therefore certain
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00306-00097779-00098176 hyperspace routes may be mapped out that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00307-00098177-00098479 are safe not passing too close to stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00308-00098480-00098968 or other dangers starships in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00309-00098969-00099268 are sometimes depicted isolated from the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00310-00099269-00099491 normal universe they cannot communicate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00311-00099492-00099821 with nor perceive things in real space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00312-00099822-00100184 until they emerge often there can be no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00313-00100185-00100474 interaction between two ships even when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00314-00100475-00100855 both are in hyperspace this effect can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00315-00100856-00101123 be used as a plot device because they
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00316-00101124-00101321 are invisible to each other while in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00317-00101322-00101599 hyperspace ships will encounter each
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00318-00101600-00101836 other most often around contested
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00319-00101837-00102254 planets or space stations hyperdrive may
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00320-00102255-00102529 also allow for dramatic escapes as the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00321-00102530-00102947 pilot jumps to hyperspace in the midst
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00322-00102948-00103357 of battle to avoid destruction in many
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00323-00103358-00103666 stories for various reasons a starship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00324-00103667-00103981 cannot enter or leave hyperspace too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00325-00103982-00104263 close to a large concentration of mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00326-00104264-00104522 such as a planet or star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00327-00104523-00104788 this means that hyperspace can only be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00328-00104789-00105026 used after a starship gets to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00329-00105027-00105308 outside edge of a solar system so the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00330-00105308-00105527 starship must use other means of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00331-00105528-00105793 propulsion to get to and from planets
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00332-00105794-00106145 the reasons given for such restrictions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00333-00106146-00106390 are usually technobabble but their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00334-00106391-00106690 existence as just a plot device allowing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00335-00106691-00106952 for interstellar policies to actually
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00336-00106953-00107329 form and exist science fiction author
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00337-00107330-00107618 Larry Niven published his opinions to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00338-00107619-00108013 that effect in n space according to him
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00339-00108014-00108289 such an unrestricted technology would
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00340-00108290-00108524 give no limits to what heroes and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00341-00108525-00108920 villains could do in fact every criminal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00342-00108921-00109106 would have the ability to destroy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00343-00109107-00109382 colonies settlements and indeed whole
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00344-00109383-00109607 worlds without any chance of stopping
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00345-00109608-00110035 him other writers have limited access to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00346-00110036-00110150 hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00347-00110151-00110477 by requiring a very large expenditure of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00348-00110478-00110788 energy in order to open a link sometimes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00349-00110789-00111079 called a jump point between hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00350-00111080-00111388 and normal space this effectively limits
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00351-00111389-00111656 access to hyperspace to very large
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00352-00111657-00111983 starships or to large stationary jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00353-00111983-00112220 gates that can open jump points for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00354-00112221-00112571 smaller vessels these restrictions are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00355-00112572-00112885 often plot devices to prevent starships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00356-00112886-00113137 from easily escaping by slipping into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00357-00113138-00113432 hyperspace thus ensuring epic space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00358-00113433-00113887 battles hyperspace is often depicted as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00359-00113888-00114240 blue pulsing with Cherenkov radiation an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00360-00114241-00114698 example of this as the jump technology
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00361-00114699-00115108 has seen in Babylon 5 in addition a jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00362-00115109-00115346 point into hyperspace has seen as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00363-00115347-00115583 yellowish in color because of the red
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00364-00115583-00115850 shift effect and jump points leading out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00365-00115851-00116198 of hyperspace are seen as blue only
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00366-00116199-00116501 large starships and jump gates can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00367-00116502-00116788 create jump points as well as the Vorlon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00368-00116789-00117125 enhanced white starship detailed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00369-00117126-00117804 depictions are listed below
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00370-00117805-00118464 topic albedo irma Felmy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00371-00118465-00118770 in the science-fiction anthropomorphic
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00372-00118771-00119223 comic-book series by Steve galaki 1983
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00373-00119224-00119601 to 2005 starships use a hyperspace Drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00374-00119602-00119879 that translates the vessel into a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00375-00119880-00120150 parallel universe where distances are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00376-00120151-00120528 vastly shorter the hazard of this usage
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00377-00120529-00120741 being that matter in the parallel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00378-00120742-00121010 universe cannot exist above the most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00379-00121011-00121293 basic elements and most physical mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00380-00121294-00121545 sent into the hyperspace dimension
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00381-00121546-00121950 begins to decay thus a jump must be very
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00382-00121951-00122244 short or the crew risks exposure to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00383-00122245-00122481 intense levels of radiation from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00384-00122482-00122711 themselves and the ship and must take a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00385-00122713-00123093 period after each jump to recover during
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00386-00123094-00123366 wartime though a ship may be forced to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00387-00123367-00123573 make several jumps in quick succession
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00388-00123574-00123911 or one longer jump which puts the crews
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00389-00123913-00124131 health at increasing risk of radiation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00390-00124132-00124541 poisoning one entry mentions a ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00391-00124542-00124808 exploding in a nuclear burst upon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00392-00124809-00125073 reentry into normal space after a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00393-00125074-00125300 dangerous long-distance jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00394-00125301-00125568 other ships never returned from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00395-00125569-00125820 hyperspace and are assumed to have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00396-00125821-00126428 disintegrated
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00397-00126429-00126975 topic and amorphous
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00398-00126976-00127248 in the science fiction book series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00399-00127249-00127640 Animorphs written by ka Applegate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00400-00127641-00128016 hyperspace has called zero space Z space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00401-00128017-00128250 and as a white nothingness in which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00402-00128251-00128508 nothing exists not even the stray
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00403-00128508-00128936 molecules in real space zero space as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00404-00128938-00129198 another universe almost and in z space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00405-00129199-00129519 the normal laws of physics do not apply
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00406-00129520-00129771 so you can easily travel faster than
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00407-00129772-00130272 light FTL hyperspace travel is called Z
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00408-00130273-00130545 space travel and ships use Z space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00409-00130546-00131019 engines to achieve FTL travel zero space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00410-00131020-00131298 is also used to store the extra mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00411-00131299-00131505 when someone is morphing into something
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00412-00131506-00131826 smaller than themselves such as an ant
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00413-00131827-00132051 and is used to hold the matter drawn
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00414-00132052-00132249 from when they morph into something
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00415-00132250-00132651 bigger than themselves eg an elephant it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00416-00132652-00132861 was wrongly thought by Andalite
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00417-00132862-00133191 scientists that in z space matter by a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00418-00133192-00133446 person morphing was stored in a blob of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00419-00133447-00133740 matter but in fact the matter is stored
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00420-00133741-00133953 like their normal selves and they can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00421-00133954-00134313 extremely rarely hop between their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00422-00134314-00134559 smaller morphs and their bodies in z
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00423-00134560-00134910 space if a ship passes too close to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00424-00134911-00135252 person will either a hop from their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00425-00135253-00135561 morph to their extra mass in z space and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00426-00135562-00135834 get pulled towards the ship or be more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00427-00135835-00136095 likely get disintegrated by the ship's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00428-00136096-00136473 shields and lights york's and pema
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00429-00136474-00136773 lights alike all use Z space as a means
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00430-00136774-00137481 of travel and communication
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00431-00137482-00138148 topic Asimov Ian hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00432-00138149-00138453 the concept of traveling between stellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00433-00138454-00138828 systems via the hyperspace drive or jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00434-00138829-00139213 is described or mentioned in several of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00435-00139214-00139488 Isaac Asimov's short stories and novels
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00436-00139489-00139821 written from the 1940s through to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00437-00139822-00140279 1990s hyperspace seems to enable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00438-00140280-00140512 teleportation on the pre-calculated
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00439-00140513-00140761 route the ends of which are in normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00440-00140762-00141097 space although the timeline is not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00441-00141098-00141361 consistent it appears to start with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00442-00141362-00141601 development of a hyperdrive from a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00443-00141602-00141874 theoretical construct by the brain a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00444-00141875-00142186 positronic supercomputer built by us
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00445-00142187-00142657 robots interplanetary travel has already
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00446-00142658-00143013 been developed and in 2002 when us
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00447-00143014-00143298 robots demonstrates its first primitive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00448-00143299-00143599 positronic robot it is intended to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00449-00143600-00143896 used for mining operations on the planet
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00450-00143897-00144373 Mercury simultaneously the theories of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00451-00144374-00144579 the space warp are developed by a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00452-00144580-00144864 research project under military control
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00453-00144865-00145198 with the assistance of positronic robots
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00454-00145199-00145474 until the first hyper ship is built at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00455-00145475-00145858 hyper base on an asteroid once perfected
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00456-00145859-00146178 however the drive is little used as it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00457-00146179-00146463 is fearfully costly in energy use and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00458-00146464-00146860 still very risky but once the existence
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00459-00146861-00147112 of habitable planets around the nearer
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00460-00147113-00147339 stars to earth is established
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00461-00147340-00147595 also with robot help the drive is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00462-00147596-00147815 further developed and over centuries
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00463-00147816-00148053 colonies are established on these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00464-00148054-00148456 planets the collection of more and more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00465-00148457-00148771 data on stellar systems and the analysis
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00466-00148772-00148987 of stellar spectra allows the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00467-00148988-00149226 compilation of what becomes the standard
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00468-00149227-00149559 galactic ephemeris with which hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00469-00149560-00149829 navigation see the stars like dust
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00470-00149830-00150085 becomes less of an art and more of a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00471-00150086-00150462 science it still requires complex
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00472-00150463-00150748 calculations not until the fall of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00473-00150749-00151026 Galactic Empire and expansion of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00474-00151027-00151302 foundation thousands of years after the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00475-00151303-00151467 first drives word
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00476-00151468-00151692 would a ship be developed as in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00477-00151693-00152000 foundations edge that allows the total
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00478-00152001-00152244 computerization of the calculation of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00479-00152245-00152553 single or multiple hyperspace jumps and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00480-00152554-00152781 the control of the jump without human
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00481-00152782-00153089 intervention initially there was no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00482-00153090-00153284 description of the hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00483-00153285-00153711 environment see below in all of Asimov's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00484-00153712-00154011 writings where hyperspace travel is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00485-00154012-00154215 described from the viewpoint of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00486-00154216-00154470 character to the reader the instant of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00487-00154471-00154740 hyperspace transit as described as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00488-00154741-00155228 feeling of momentary inside out Ness
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00489-00155229-00155547 hyperspace is defined in foundations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00490-00155548-00155781 edge as a condition rather than a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00491-00155782-00156222 location in hyperspace all velocity is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00492-00156223-00156504 zero relative to the Einsteinian
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00493-00156505-00156884 metrical frame however speed is infinite
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00494-00156885-00157281 for navigational purposes the galaxy is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00495-00157282-00157677 imagined as being real G an imaginary G
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00496-00157678-00158048 zero perturbations such as those
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00497-00158049-00158331 experienced by ship in space from the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00498-00158332-00158604 gravitational field around an object
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00499-00158605-00158897 such as a planet or even a star are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00500-00158898-00159231 exacerbated in hyperspatial travel since
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00501-00159232-00159540 mass in real space distorts hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00502-00159541-00159746 in an equal measure
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00503-00159747-00160098 jumping near to a gravitational mass is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00504-00160099-00160353 likely to make the resulting exit from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00505-00160354-00160641 hyperspace to be highly uncertain with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00506-00160642-00160929 the level of improbability decreasing as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00507-00160930-00161157 the inverse square of the distance to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00508-00161158-00161525 the nearest gravitational well as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00509-00161526-00161898 condition hyperspace translates objects
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00510-00161899-00162138 as a phased attacking wave which once
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00511-00162139-00162396 collapsed restores the objects to their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00512-00162397-00162795 meson composition instantaneously this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00513-00162796-00163041 is supposed to happen with a minimum of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00514-00163042-00163404 energy expenditure while it is necessary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00515-00163405-00163662 for a ship to have nuclear engine to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00516-00163663-00163932 produce the hyperspace drive field to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00517-00163933-00164205 hurl a vessel through hyperspace nearly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00518-00164206-00164487 all of the energy expended as recovered
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00519-00164488-00164757 as the hyper field collapses
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00520-00164758-00165059 also there is no Cherenkov radiation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00521-00165060-00165389 flash associated with reentry from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00522-00165390-00165836 hyperspace Asimov describes the reentry
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00523-00165837-00166148 in several stories as the ship winked
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00524-00166149-00166492 into existence
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00525-00166493-00166970 in emesis Asimov further explores the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00526-00166971-00167336 concept of hyperspace the space colony
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00527-00167337-00167657 rotor uses hyper assistance to travel at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00528-00167658-00167870 speeds hovering around the speed of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00529-00167871-00168095 light transitioning in and out of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00530-00168096-00168533 hyperspace also in emesis a group of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00531-00168534-00168812 explorers use a spacecraft named the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00532-00168813-00169070 superluminal to travel faster than light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00533-00169071-00169379 to a nearby star system by means of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00534-00169380-00169760 moving into and out of hyperspace during
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00535-00169761-00170033 the voyage the captain of the spacecraft
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00536-00170034-00170237 discusses that during the transition
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00537-00170238-00170531 into and out of hyperspace for a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00538-00170532-00170801 fraction of a second part of the vessel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00539-00170802-00171041 as in regular space-time and the other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00540-00171042-00171344 part as in hyperspace possibly but
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00541-00171345-00171694 rarely resulting in grave danger a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00542-00171695-00172007 scientist on the superluminal determines
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00543-00172008-00172277 that in hyperspace gravity acts as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00544-00172278-00172499 repelling force rather than as an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00545-00172500-00173107 attractive one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00546-00173108-00173691 topic Babylon 5
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00547-00173692-00173958 in the American science fiction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00548-00173959-00174545 television series Babylon 5 1993 to 1998
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00549-00174546-00174840 hyperspace has treated as an alternative
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00550-00174841-00175044 dimension where the distances between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00551-00175045-00175403 spatial bodies are significantly shorter
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00552-00175404-00175749 the primary energy expenditure in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00553-00175750-00176063 hyperspace travel as the act of jumping
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00554-00176064-00176429 into hyperspace while in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00555-00176430-00176769 itself ships use their normal propulsion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00556-00176770-00177012 systems and interstellar travel as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00557-00177013-00177390 enabled by the shortened distances ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00558-00177391-00177636 must either use jump gates which are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00559-00177637-00177924 artificial constructs that create a rift
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00560-00177925-00178179 into hyperspace or they can use their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00561-00178180-00178548 own jump engine the latter is usually
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00562-00178549-00178848 restricted to large vessels as opening a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00563-00178849-00179097 rift requires a staggering amount of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00564-00179098-00179481 power jump gates are used by larger
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00565-00179482-00179927 vessels whenever possible to save energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00566-00179928-00180273 hyperspace in Babylon 5 is devoid of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00567-00180274-00180510 useful features with no point of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00568-00180511-00180876 reference therefore ships have to use
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00569-00180877-00181203 the hyperspace beacon system a network
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00570-00181204-00181533 of transmitters located in known points
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00571-00181534-00181809 in real space usually jump gates in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00572-00181810-00182202 order to navigate if a ship travels off
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00573-00182203-00182451 the beacon network it will become lost
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00574-00182452-00182901 in hyperspace Babylon 5 is slightly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00575-00182902-00183183 unusual in that ships in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00576-00183184-00183480 require no energy fields to protect
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00577-00183481-00183846 themselves so an object ship device that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00578-00183847-00184101 becomes lost in hyperspace can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00579-00184102-00184344 theoretically drift forever and be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00580-00184345-00184596 rediscovered millennia later this has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00581-00184597-00184968 been used as a plot point hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00582-00184969-00185211 also has currents which will pull a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00583-00185212-00185502 disabled ship off the beacon network in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00584-00185503-00185853 a relatively short period while the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00585-00185854-00186135 hyperspace background appears to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00586-00186136-00186414 naked eye to be a reddish black stormy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00587-00186415-00186702 environment in the TV series this is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00588-00186703-00186981 inconsistent with Babylon 5 science
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00589-00186982-00187045 stated
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00590-00187046-00187372 elsewhere the techni midge trilogy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00591-00187373-00187615 states that hyperspace should have no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00592-00187616-00188035 color or other visual aspects according
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00593-00188036-00188248 to the trilogy it has yet to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00594-00188249-00188470 determined why the naked eye sees
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00595-00188471-00188926 anything at all in hyperspace hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00596-00188927-00189184 has strong boosting effects on those
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00597-00189185-00189424 with psionic powers and allowed the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00598-00189425-00189679 succour to station their mothership far
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00599-00189680-00189898 off the beacons to remain hidden without
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00600-00189899-00190336 getting lost a jump point allowing entry
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00601-00190337-00190648 into hyperspace from normal space as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00602-00190649-00190897 characterized by a yellow orange red
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00603-00190898-00191185 whirlpool while jump points for ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00604-00191186-00191401 emerging from hyperspace are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00605-00191402-00191761 characterized by a blue whirlpool this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00606-00191762-00191989 is a result of the red shift of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00607-00191990-00192220 lights wavelength moving away from the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00608-00192221-00192460 observer as the portal is opened into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00609-00192461-00192718 hyperspace and the blue shift of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00610-00192719-00192940 lights wavelength moving towards the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00611-00192941-00193180 observer as the portal is opened from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00612-00193181-00193549 hyperspace however there seems to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00613-00193550-00193792 multiple ways to enter an exit
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00614-00193793-00194077 hyperspace as shadow vessels are seen
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00615-00194078-00194305 entering and exiting by appearing to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00616-00194306-00194557 simply fade away and some of the other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00617-00194558-00194830 first ones have other visual effects
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00618-00194831-00195097 associated with hyperspace travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00619-00195098-00195447 assuming they use hyperspace at all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00620-00195448-00195802 battles in hyperspace are infrequent and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00621-00195803-00196054 avoided it appears that most such
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00622-00196055-00196276 battles in history have ended
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00623-00196277-00196720 disastrously for both sides jump gates
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00624-00196721-00197041 in Babylon 5 can be opened in gravity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00625-00197042-00197317 wells and even atmospheres although the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00626-00197318-00197596 practice has extremely dangerous due to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00627-00197597-00197860 the jump date quickly dis table izing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00628-00197861-00198076 with all the gas being sucked in and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00629-00198077-00198457 violently exploding even worse as to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00630-00198458-00198739 form a red jump gate inside a blue jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00631-00198740-00198997 gate as the resulting shock wave can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00632-00198998-00199264 destroy even a shadow battleship if
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00633-00199265-00199564 caught unaware and few ships capable of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00634-00199565-00199822 generating a jump gate are capable of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00635-00199823-00200188 outrunning the shock wave as well also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00636-00200189-00200500 known as the bonehead maneuver
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00637-00200501-00200830 in the Babylon 5 fictional history earth
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00638-00200831-00201130 acquired hyperspace technology from the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00639-00201131-00201391 Centauri who allowed humans use of their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00640-00201392-00201772 pre-existing jumpgates earth used these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00641-00201773-00202081 already established jumpgates to explore
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00642-00202082-00202330 the galaxy and presumably later
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00643-00202331-00202564 researched the ability to build their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00644-00202565-00202941 own jump gates by the 23rd century
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00645-00202942-00203227 larger earth ships have the ability to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00646-00203228-00203476 create their own jump point without the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00647-00203477-00203878 use of a jump gate no specific metric
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00648-00203879-00204169 has ever been given to exact hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00649-00204170-00204499 distances in the Babylon 5 universe and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00650-00204500-00204829 series creator Straczynski has stated on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00651-00204830-00205108 at least one occasion that distances are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00652-00205109-00205389 not linear the vorlons were able to take
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00653-00205390-00205671 a piece of hyperspace and fold it unto
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00654-00205673-00205909 itself like a pocket and use it as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00655-00205910-00206221 hiding place anything inside the pocket
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00656-00206221-00206476 as apparently almost invisible to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00657-00206477-00206769 sensors and the naked eye
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00658-00206769-00207062 in the spin-off series crusade there is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00659-00207063-00207329 a scene where the crew of the s caliber
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00660-00207330-00207573 encounters several large jellyfish-like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00661-00207573-00207914 entities in hyperspace resulting in one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00662-00207915-00208128 of the aliens attempting to mate with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00663-00208129-00208454 the ship constructs can also be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00664-00208455-00208735 established in hyperspace to serve as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00665-00208736-00209180 hiding places like in the well of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00666-00209181-00209394 forever
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00667-00209394-00209783 in Babylon 5 the lost tales voices in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00668-00209784-00210182 the dark quantum space is introduced
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00669-00210183-00210444 which allows travel which is twice as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00670-00210444-00210746 fast but causes disorientation when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00671-00210748-00211067 entering it is leftover Vorlon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00672-00211069-00211633 technology
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00673-00211634-00212384 topic Battlestar Galactica reimagined
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00674-00212385-00212807 in Battlestar Galactica the FTL drive is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00675-00212808-00213065 a propulsion technology that allows
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00676-00213066-00213323 spaceships to achieve superluminal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00677-00213323-00213680 travel it functions along the basic
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00678-00213681-00213956 principles of a jump drive with a ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00679-00213957-00214226 disappearing from its initial location
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00680-00214227-00214514 and reappearing instantaneously in a new
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00681-00214515-00214715 location
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00682-00214716-00215083 in the miniseries 2003 some crew members
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00683-00215084-00215377 are shown reacting with nausea and/or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00684-00215378-00215666 vertigo when undergoing a jump though no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00685-00215667-00215884 harm appears to come to living beings
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00686-00215885-00216283 even after many jumps making a jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00687-00216284-00216574 eventually proves damaging to the ship's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00688-00216575-00216850 armor and structure in later episodes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00689-00216851-00217174 after several years of continual combat
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00690-00217175-00217429 and metal fatigue have taken their toll
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00691-00217430-00217858 on the elderly ship an FTL jump can be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00692-00217859-00218165 executed in the gravity well of a planet
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00693-00218166-00218462 indeed Galactica jumps in and out of a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00694-00218463-00218721 planet's atmosphere in the episode
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00695-00218723-00219148 Exodus part two nonetheless it is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00696-00219150-00219413 preferred not to jump too close to a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00697-00219414-00219713 planet not necessarily because of any
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00698-00219714-00219998 physical limitations but because if the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00699-00219998-00220258 coordinates are calculated wrong there
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00700-00220259-00220496 is a risk that a ship might jump too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00701-00220496-00220777 close to the planet and crash into it or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00702-00220778-00221042 reappear within the planet this happens
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00703-00221042-00221353 to a raptor in the episode lay down your
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00704-00221354-00221860 burdens further a BSG FTL Drive can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00705-00221861-00222106 theoretically travel anywhere in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00706-00222107-00222400 galaxy the limiting factor is not the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00707-00222401-00222641 drive itself but the finite distance
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00708-00222642-00222946 that the navigation computer is able to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00709-00222948-00223255 safely calculate a jump trajectory more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00710-00223256-00223507 advanced computers are able to calculate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00711-00223508-00223862 longer range jumps eg the Cylons have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00712-00223863-00224119 better computers and have an effective
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00713-00224121-00224359 jump range at least three times that of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00714-00224360-00224744 the Colonials the extreme distance that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00715-00224744-00225052 a safe jump can be plotted as called the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00716-00225053-00225394 redline and while a vessel might jump a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00717-00225396-00225644 theoretically infinite distance beyond
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00718-00225644-00225919 that it is possible the vessel could end
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00719-00225921-00226228 up jumping inside a star asteroid or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00720-00226229-00226571 other space debris
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00721-00226571-00226896 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00722-00226898-00227586 topic call any Wars red Sun
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00723-00227587-00228071 in the playstation game colony wars 1997
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00724-00228073-00228348 jump gates are purple whirlpool like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00725-00228348-00228588 structures that allow the players ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00726-00228589-00228855 and presumably larger craft to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00727-00228856-00229266 rapidly transported to other areas jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00728-00229267-00229569 gates are temporary projected by unknown
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00729-00229569-00229869 means allow only one craft through and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00730-00229869-00230246 collapse after use it is possible to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00731-00230248-00230529 interrupt one of these jumps forcing the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00732-00230530-00230808 spaceship in question to re-enter normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00733-00230809-00231150 space at a different location when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00734-00231151-00231537 jumping the space craft is surrounded by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00735-00231538-00231817 a light that comes from all directions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00736-00231819-00232104 this light shifts through the entire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00737-00232105-00232444 visible spectrum repeatedly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00738-00232446-00232771 massive war polls also appear in some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00739-00232773-00233015 missions these look like black holes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00740-00233016-00233264 with a massive white accretion disk
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00741-00233265-00233612 swirling around the center warp holes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00742-00233613-00233884 are long-lasting and may be permanent
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00743-00233885-00234200 they allow vast numbers of spacecraft
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00744-00234201-00234719 through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00745-00234719-00235255 topic the culture
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00746-00235256-00235555 in the culture universe in the books by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00747-00235556-00236067 Iain M banks 1987 to 2012 reality as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00748-00236069-00236348 described as being formed of nested
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00749-00236350-00236629 five-dimensional for space and one time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00750-00236630-00237088 hypersurface the real space of our forms
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00751-00237089-00237379 a four dimensional layer enclosing a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00752-00237380-00237642 younger and slightly smaller antimatter
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00753-00237644-00237913 universe and in turn enclosed by an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00754-00237914-00238279 older and slightly larger universe the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00755-00238280-00238534 gap between our universe and the smaller
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00756-00238535-00238819 universe below it is called infra space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00757-00238819-00239094 and the gap between our universe and the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00758-00239096-00239373 larger universe above it is called ultra
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00759-00239375-00239619 space collectively these are referred to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00760-00239621-00239985 as hyperspace the boundary between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00761-00239986-00240262 hyperspace and other universes has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00762-00240263-00240528 called the energy grid and is usually
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00763-00240529-00240808 impassable though an accession one group
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00764-00240809-00241053 of aliens are able to travel between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00765-00241054-00241336 universes in order to escape the heat
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00766-00241337-00241585 death or Big Crunch of their original
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00767-00241586-00241969 home in the book consider fleebus it is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00768-00241969-00242223 described as viewed from a ship as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00769-00242223-00242590 vast and glittering ocean seen from a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00770-00242591-00242866 great height the Sun burning on a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00771-00242867-00243229 billion tiny wavelets it is then
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00772-00243230-00243463 described as having a smooth black
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00773-00243464-00243766 blanket of cloud suspended high above
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00774-00243767-00244098 the ocean the reader is then told to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00775-00244100-00244351 keep the sparkle of the sea despite the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00776-00244352-00244675 fact that there is no Sun the cloud is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00777-00244676-00245011 then described as having many sharp and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00778-00245012-00245323 tiny lights scattered on the base of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00779-00245323-00245659 inky overcast like glinting eyes some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00780-00245660-00245971 singular sum in pairs or in larger
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00781-00245971-00246266 groups
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00782-00246267-00246557 ships travel through hyperspace by using
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00783-00246558-00246815 traction with its irregularities the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00784-00246816-00247214 waves the sparkles on the ocean are the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00785-00247215-00247478 ships source of power while the sharp
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00786-00247479-00247823 lights on the cloud are stars black
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00787-00247823-00248096 holes are described as resembling water
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00788-00248096-00248546 spouts navigating hyperspace in a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00789-00248546-00248842 gravity well is extremely difficult and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00790-00248844-00249121 dangerous and ships will only attempt it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00791-00249123-00249398 in dire circumstances such as the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00792-00249398-00249656 culture mind that facing destruction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00793-00249657-00249869 during the culture I during war of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00794-00249869-00250175 consider fleebus not only navigates a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00795-00250176-00250490 gravity well but also exits hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00796-00250491-00250721 within the confines of a subsurface
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00797-00250721-00251352 tunnel Network
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00798-00251353-00251844 topic Doone
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00799-00251844-00252129 a different depiction of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00800-00252130-00252438 travel as found in Frank Herbert's novel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00801-00252439-00252998 dune 1965 in the dune milieu space us
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00802-00252998-00253404 folded using a complicated distortion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00803-00253405-00253696 technology travel is nearly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00804-00253698-00253973 instantaneous but very dangerous because
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00805-00253975-00254292 of the extremely complex calculations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00806-00254292-00254550 required compounded by the fact that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00807-00254551-00254810 computers are forbidden by religious
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00808-00254811-00255146 decree there are no personal ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00809-00255148-00255431 capable of hyperspace travel in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00810-00255432-00255681 universe of dune the spacing guild
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00811-00255682-00255987 performs all hyperspace travel using
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00812-00255988-00256215 their highliners equipped with holtzman
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00813-00256216-00256578 drives this monopoly gives the guild
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00814-00256579-00256973 great power the Guild's navigators
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00815-00256975-00257219 megadose on the addictive substance
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00816-00257221-00257591 melange found only on the planet Arrakis
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00817-00257592-00257901 melange is unique properties enhance
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00818-00257902-00258194 human ppreciate and allow the navigators
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00819-00258196-00258417 to find a safe path through space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00820-00258417-00258719 although in such large amounts it also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00821-00258721-00259071 physically mutates the navigators the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00822-00259071-00259334 power granted to whoever in the universe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00823-00259335-00259626 controls Arrakis and its spice as an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00824-00259627-00259934 ongoing theme of the series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00825-00259935-00260207 how the space travel was done before the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00826-00260208-00260473 melange as explained in the legends of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00827-00260475-00260794 dune trilogy by Brian Herbert and Kevin
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00828-00260796-00261176 J Anderson the trilogy describes the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00829-00261177-00261398 time shortly before and during the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00830-00261398-00261748 discovery of space folding in these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00831-00261750-00262042 works the discovery of space folding is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00832-00262044-00262349 attributed to Norma senba who goes on to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00833-00262350-00262625 become the first prescient folded space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00834-00262626-00262946 navigator prior to this although
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00835-00262947-00263300 described in the Machine crusade as out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00836-00263301-00263717 tracing photons vessel still took weeks
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00837-00263718-00263954 or months to cross between even the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00838-00263955-00264610 closest stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00839-00264611-00265142 topic Thor escape
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00840-00265143-00265681 in the Farscape series 1999 to 2003 the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00841-00265682-00266048 Leviathan living ship Moya has a natural
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00842-00266049-00266335 ability known as starburst which allows
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00843-00266336-00266594 it in anything close to it to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00844-00266595-00266837 great distances in a short amount of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00845-00266838-00266955 time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00846-00266956-00267290 starburst depletes a leviathans energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00847-00267291-00267599 and thus cannot be used frequently it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00848-00267600-00267848 has been said that during starburst the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00849-00267849-00268128 ship is riding the seams between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00850-00268129-00268406 universes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00851-00268407-00268700 another traveled technology that forms
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00852-00268701-00268949 an important plot thread as wormhole
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00853-00268950-00269330 travel which few races master
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00854-00269331-00269753 generic FTL technology is called Hetch
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00855-00269754-00270119 Drive but is never stated how it works
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00856-00270120-00270368 Hetch apparently being some equivalent
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00857-00270369-00270746 of see different factors of Hetch are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00858-00270747-00270809 mentioned
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00859-00270810-00271151 h5 on one episode it stated that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00860-00271152-00271394 Einstein was wrong because the Hetch
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00861-00271395-00271661 Drive defies the theory of relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00862-00271662-00272341 every time it's used
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00863-00272342-00273068 topic free space universe free space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00864-00273069-00273323 universe as depicted in a series of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00865-00273324-00273641 space combat simulation video games
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00866-00273642-00274016 developed by volition Inc it includes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00867-00274017-00274430 descent free space the Great War 1998
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00868-00274431-00274985 and free space 2 1999 an alternative
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00869-00274986-00275324 plane enabling FTL travel in the free
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00870-00275325-00275750 space universe as called subspace two
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00871-00275751-00276074 types of jumps are possible first an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00872-00276075-00276296 interest system jump can occur between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00873-00276297-00276712 two points in a star system most small
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00874-00276713-00276962 spacefaring vessels are equipped with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00875-00276963-00277285 motivators capable of these short jumps
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00876-00277286-00277594 the presence of an intense gravitational
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00877-00277595-00277955 field as required prohibiting travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00878-00277956-00278269 beyond the boundaries of a star system
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00879-00278270-00278573 second ships can jump from system to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00880-00278574-00278870 system via naturally formed subspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00881-00278871-00279143 nodes connecting systems in a web-like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00882-00279144-00279518 node network the vast majority of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00883-00279519-00279814 subspace nodes are extremely unstable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00884-00279815-00280153 forming and dissipating in nanoseconds
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00885-00280154-00280480 other nodes have a longer life span
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00886-00280481-00280703 existing for centuries or millennia
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00887-00280704-00281075 before collapsing the jump node
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00888-00281076-00281315 sanctioned by the Galactic Terran
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00889-00281316-00281528 Vasudha an alliance for interstellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00890-00281529-00281837 travel are expected to remain stable for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00891-00281838-00282194 many years inter system jumps through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00892-00282195-00282476 subspace represent a very quick method
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00893-00282477-00282764 of travel journeys that would take years
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00894-00282765-00283091 or even centuries at Lightspeed are only
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00895-00283092-00283400 a matter of hours or days when traveling
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00896-00283401-00283646 via subspace although it's not clear
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00897-00283647-00284377 exactly how long they take
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00898-00284378-00284722 topic Elite and frontier developments
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00899-00284723-00285165 universe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00900-00285166-00285573 in the video game elite 1984 written by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00901-00285574-00285855 David Braben and Ian Bell traveled
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00902-00285856-00286083 between different star systems as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00903-00286084-00286317 accomplished by entering a realm called
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00904-00286318-00286743 which space travel is instantaneous but
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00905-00286744-00286923 there is risk of the jump being
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00906-00286924-00287169 intercepted by a malicious race of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00907-00287170-00287427 aliens called thyroids who have the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00908-00287428-00287679 ability to hover in which space and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00909-00287680-00288030 force the player into combat this could
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00910-00288031-00288273 lead to the player being left stranded
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00911-00288274-00288498 with not enough fuel to complete the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00912-00288499-00288845 which space jump they had initiated
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00913-00288846-00289293 frontier elite to 1993 and first
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00914-00289294-00289731 encounters 1995 depicts a rather classic
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00915-00289732-00289899 type of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00916-00289900-00290133 traversing several light-years through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00917-00290134-00290421 hyperspace jumps takes days or weeks
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00918-00290422-00290673 depending on the type of vessel and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00919-00290674-00291024 hyperdrive for the player this time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00920-00291025-00291408 passes instantaneously the jumps consume
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00921-00291409-00291672 fuel in direct proportion to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00922-00291673-00291945 distance traveled and the empty mass of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00923-00291946-00292266 the vessel the destination is always
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00924-00292267-00292572 some distance away from large masses in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00925-00292573-00292884 the target star system in systems of one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00926-00292885-00293253 medium-sized star such as Saul typically
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00927-00293254-00293553 around 10 astronomical units more in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00928-00293554-00293808 systems with a large white star or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00929-00293809-00294252 multiple stars a hyperspace cloud has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00930-00294253-00294525 created in the entry and exit points
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00931-00294526-00294813 these can be analyzed by those wishing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00932-00294814-00295080 to intercept and destroy the jumping
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00933-00295081-00295335 ship as a faster ship can reach the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00934-00295336-00295728 destination sooner sometimes more often
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00935-00295729-00295905 with engines that have not been
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00936-00295906-00296211 maintained properly miz jumps occur
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00937-00296212-00296439 which leave the player in interstellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00938-00296440-00296682 space where the ship will be forever
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00939-00296683-00296976 stranded if sufficient fuel to reach a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00940-00296977-00297279 star system as not available sublight
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00941-00297280-00297549 drive cannot be used to reach nearby
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00942-00297550-00297804 stars even if this were physically
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00943-00297805-00298218 feasible due to the danger of mutations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00944-00298219-00298497 caused by the powerful engines
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00945-00298498-00298781 / space jumps are impossible do to build
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00946-00298782-00299037 10 restrictions in the engines near
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00947-00299038-00299384 large populations around 15 kilometers
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00948-00299385-00299679 from an inhabited planet surface or any
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00949-00299680-00300125 large space station in elite dangerous
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00950-00300126-00300492 2014 by David Braben Xindi software
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00951-00300493-00300753 company frontier developments the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00952-00300754-00300996 hyperspace method remains mostly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00953-00300997-00301197 faithful to the previous two
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00954-00301198-00301545 incarnations of elite in elite dangerous
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00955-00301546-00301815 the hyperspace engine is called a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00956-00301816-00302135 frameshift Drive and jumps always exit
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00957-00302136-00302340 within a few light seconds of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00958-00302341-00302643 largest astronomical body in the target
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00959-00302644-00302933 system this would usually be a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00960-00302934-00303206 main-sequence star but in some star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00961-00303207-00303465 systems exit points can be around
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00962-00303466-00303830 neutron stars or even black holes the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00963-00303831-00304140 frameshift drive can also be used
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00964-00304141-00304440 locally within a system for FTL travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00965-00304441-00304835 in this mode called supercruise the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00966-00304836-00305097 engine accelerates the ship in a normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00967-00305098-00305811 way up to 2000 C
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00968-00305812-00306130 topic The Hitchhiker's Guide to the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00969-00306131-00306553 galaxy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00970-00306554-00306835 Douglas Adams is The Hitchhiker's Guide
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00971-00306836-00307237 to the galaxy 1978 opens with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00972-00307238-00307456 destruction of the planet Earth by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00973-00307457-00307759 Vogons in order to make way for a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00974-00307760-00308236 hyperspace bypass hyperspace travel is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00975-00308237-00308551 not clearly described however the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00976-00308552-00308782 general impression is that a ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00977-00308783-00309073 travels for a short time along a bypass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00978-00309074-00309304 through an alternative dimension and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00979-00309305-00309700 emerges at its destination the sensation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00980-00309701-00309979 of hyperspace travel as described by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00981-00309980-00310357 Ford Prefect as unpleasantly like being
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00982-00310358-00310747 drunk when Arthur Dent asks why that is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00983-00310748-00310828 so bad
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00984-00310829-00311214 prefect answers you ask a glass of water
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00985-00311215-00311563 the experience is further described in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00986-00311564-00311827 the narrative as follows
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00987-00311828-00312118 it is at one point stated that one of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00988-00312119-00312355 the reasons for the development of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00989-00312356-00312643 infinite improbability drive as to allow
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00990-00312644-00312853 people to cross vast interstellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00991-00312854-00313168 distances quickly without all that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00992-00313169-00313606 tedious mucking about in hyperspace this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00993-00313607-00313903 was fitted to the starship heart of gold
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00994-00313904-00314338 in a sequel ironically it is stated that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00995-00314339-00314584 the development of the beasts dramatic
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00996-00314585-00314860 drive as to allow people to cross vast
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00997-00314861-00315151 interstellar distances quickly without
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00998-00315152-00315453 all that dangerous mucking about with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-00999-00315454-00316150 improbability factors
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01000-00316151-00316921 topic instrumentality of mankind series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01001-00316922-00317280 in the instrumentality of mankind future
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01002-00317281-00317542 history series by cordwainer Smith
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01003-00317543-00318004 written in the 1950s and 1960s FTL
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01004-00318005-00318220 travel can be accomplished through a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01005-00318221-00318947 hyperspace known as space 2
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01006-00318948-00319477 topic space too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01007-00319478-00319747 the invention and development of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01008-00319748-00320002 plan Oh form drive was the turning point
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01009-00320003-00320284 of the interstellar instrumentality of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01010-00320285-00320593 mankind and it's one direct competitor
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01011-00320594-00320845 though generally similar governmental
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01012-00320846-00321120 form the bright Empire which the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01013-00321121-00321526 instrumentality eventually defeated from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01014-00321527-00321817 its name and subsequent use a number of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01015-00321818-00322093 different facts can be ascertained about
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01016-00322094-00322446 the plan Oh form drive and its operation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01017-00322447-00322807 the plan Oh form drive unit collapses
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01018-00322808-00323068 space-time from its conventional four
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01019-00323069-00323332 dimensional form into three dimensions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01020-00323333-00323701 as time is considered a constant of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01021-00323702-00324013 experience effectively space loses a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01022-00324014-00324448 dimension the plan o form ship has two
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01023-00324449-00324868 modes of operation go and stop the stop
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01024-00324869-00325138 captain is responsible for turning the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01025-00325139-00325477 power on and off er the ship the go
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01026-00325478-00325738 captain navigates through plan o form
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01027-00325739-00325963 space by interpreting the stellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01028-00325964-00326251 patterns captured by sensors during a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01029-00326252-00326674 plan o form space fold during the space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01030-00326675-00326908 fold the view forward of the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01031-00326909-00327187 collapses as third dimension of space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01032-00327188-00327607 depth is subtracted the go captain is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01033-00327608-00327880 thus able to direct the ship by picking
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01034-00327881-00328168 much as user picks a point on a computer
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01035-00328169-00328408 screen with a mouse pointer the course
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01036-00328409-00328774 of the ship in the manner of star charts
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01037-00328775-00329091 he uses what are known as lock sheets
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01038-00329092-00329449 the plan o form clearly operates by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01039-00329450-00329761 meson tachyon inversion ships that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01040-00329762-00330049 imperfectly plan o form are said to go
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01041-00330050-00330301 milky and disappear from loss of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01042-00330302-00330628 molecular cohesion plan o form devices
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01043-00330629-00330925 are not very large the lord crew Delta
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01044-00330926-00331309 uses 54 of them operating in parallel to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01045-00331310-00331570 lift a plan o forming platform the size
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01046-00331571-00331924 of Cape Canaveral Space Center's pad 34b
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01047-00331925-00332344 during investigation of space 3 this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01048-00332345-00332626 implies a diameter of no more than about
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01049-00332627-00333085 50 centimeters plan o form ships can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01050-00333086-00333213 take any form
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01051-00333214-00333475 initially ships were converted from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01052-00333476-00333709 standard interstellar ships of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01053-00333710-00334099 enclosed hull type later with the advent
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01054-00334100-00334372 of pin lighter controlled Kats the game
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01055-00334373-00334645 of rat and dragon see the chapter on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01056-00334646-00334954 history below plan o form ships took on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01057-00334955-00335389 more fanciful forms an example vessel at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01058-00335390-00335632 the instrumentalities zenith of power
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01059-00335633-00335857 four thousand years before the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01060-00335858-00336139 rediscovery of man was shaped like the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01061-00336140-00336394 countryside surrounding and including
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01062-00336395-00336745 the peak of Mount Vernon the passengers
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01063-00336746-00336979 lived in houses on the ship with an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01064-00336980-00337233 envelope the bear held in place by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01065-00337234-00337633 gravitational force fields the ship crew
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01066-00337634-00337888 quarters and maintenance machinery were
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01067-00337889-00338287 housed within the artificial peak
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01068-00338288-00338589 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01069-00338590-00339121 topic space 3
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01070-00339122-00339469 the first transition of space 3 was by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01071-00339470-00339868 Artur Rambo of Earth 4 he was driven by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01072-00339869-00340204 intense rage a survival trait necessary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01073-00340205-00340438 for the experiment by the Lord crew
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01074-00340439-00340867 Delta transition across 68,000
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01075-00340868-00341133 light-years was instantaneous and did
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01076-00341134-00341572 not require any technology space 3 as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01077-00341573-00341851 further contraction of space from three
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01078-00341852-00342271 coordinates into just two thus all space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01079-00342272-00342514 as a point and travel as merely a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01080-00342515-00342916 condition plan O form devices are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01081-00342917-00343233 necessary for a man to traverse space 3
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01082-00343234-00343519 operating in tandem as space 3 is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01083-00343520-00343873 entered however there are side effects
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01084-00343874-00344104 to moving through space in this way
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01085-00344105-00344374 which effect the traveler dependent on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01086-00344375-00344623 the emotional charge necessary for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01087-00344624-00344961 transit these include
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01088-00344962-00345258 the drunk boat effect named in reference
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01089-00345259-00345498 to Rambo's description of the first
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01090-00345499-00345888 transit the travelers nervous system is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01091-00345889-00346131 able to interface with electric and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01092-00346132-00346440 electronic circuitry directly and affect
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01093-00346441-00346776 changes through volition this effect
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01094-00346777-00347217 wears away with time space energy rear
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01095-00347218-00347475 aviation in transiting the space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01096-00347476-00347772 condition powerful and strange energies
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01097-00347773-00348123 are reradiating from the traveler these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01098-00348124-00348375 can have potent effects on materials
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01099-00348376-00348663 permitting a man of ordinary strength to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01100-00348664-00348903 warp and bend steel with hand pressure
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01101-00348904-00349287 alone these are second-order effects of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01102-00349288-00349683 the drunk boat effect paralysis and pain
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01103-00349684-00350010 were later counteracted but unprepared
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01104-00350011-00350262 travelers would otherwise experience
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01105-00350263-00350526 this if not suitably prepared pre
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01106-00350527-00351078 transit
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01107-00351079-00351737 topic history of interstellar space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01108-00351738-00352010 during the early errors of interstellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01109-00352011-00352343 travel crossing open space far from a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01110-00352344-00352573 star presented an incomprehensible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01111-00352574-00352904 danger ordinary life-forms even
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01112-00352905-00353138 protected within a hull environment
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01113-00353139-00353467 would die horribly for no apparent cause
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01114-00353468-00353786 initially this danger was met with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01115-00353787-00354076 creation of the habberman humans usually
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01116-00354077-00354428 criminals given cyborgs modifications
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01117-00354429-00354668 which removed their self-identity and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01118-00354669-00354935 the scanners elite volunteers who
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01119-00354936-00355160 underwent a modified form of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01120-00355161-00355433 Haberman process and served as ship's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01121-00355434-00355700 officers who could survive this unknown
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01122-00355701-00355955 threat unharmed at the cost of losing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01123-00355956-00356227 most of their senses other than site
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01124-00356228-00356615 they would crew stl light sail ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01125-00356616-00356840 while the passengers were kept in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01126-00356841-00357179 suspended animation later it was
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01127-00357180-00357422 determined that if a large number of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01128-00357423-00357788 living organisms clams specifically were
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01129-00357789-00358187 used as a living shield organisms
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01130-00358188-00358516 further inward could survive unharmed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01131-00358517-00358850 with the discovery of space 2 and the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01132-00358851-00359222 plan o form drive the cause of this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01133-00359223-00359510 mysterious threat was finally determined
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01134-00359511-00359836 living entities sometimes referred to as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01135-00359837-00360281 dragons which existed in space - and fed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01136-00360282-00360587 on life energies since these creatures
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01137-00360588-00360851 were disrupted and killed by bright
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01138-00360852-00361109 physical light they avoided the areas
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01139-00361110-00361246 near Stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01140-00361247-00361615 thus the practice of pin lighting
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01141-00361616-00361883 developed ships would be accompanied by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01142-00361884-00362216 smaller vessels piloted by genetically
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01143-00362217-00362510 engineered telepathic housecats who
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01144-00362511-00362780 guided by human telepaths aboard the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01145-00362781-00363017 ships would attack the creatures which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01146-00363018-00363263 they perceived as enormous rats with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01147-00363264-00363701 miniature nuclear flares aside from this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01148-00363702-00363932 and the strange effects of the first
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01149-00363933-00364220 attempts to travel through space - and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01150-00364221-00364547 later space 3 little is known about the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01151-00364548-00364860 plan O form drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01152-00364861-00365188 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01153-00365189-00365751 topic known space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01154-00365752-00366066 the known space series by Larry Niven
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01155-00366067-00366300 was first introduced in the short story
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01156-00366301-00366912 the coldest place 1964 with FTL travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01157-00366913-00367179 first mentioned in the novel the world
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01158-00367180-00367833 of PTA Vivi's 1965 hyperspace accessible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01159-00367834-00368085 two ships equipped with a hyperdrive is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01160-00368086-00368334 a dimension in which all objects
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01161-00368335-00368547 apparently move at the rate of one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01162-00368548-00368843 Lightyear in three terrestrial days
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01163-00368844-00369248 later in the short story at the core
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01164-00369249-00369600 1966 an alien race called the Pearson's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01165-00369601-00369840 puppeteers developed the quantum to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01166-00369841-00370131 hyperdrive which is capable of traveling
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01167-00370132-00370469 a Lightyear every 75 seconds as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01168-00370470-00370812 publicity stunt to attract investors
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01169-00370813-00371112 they hire a human to pilot the prototype
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01170-00371113-00371538 to the galactic core prevailing theories
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01171-00371539-00371741 hold that attempting to engage a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01172-00371742-00372033 hyperspace shunt within the gravity well
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01173-00372034-00372324 of a sufficiently large celestial body
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01174-00372325-00372627 causes the drive and possibly the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01175-00372628-00372971 to careen wildly into an even higher
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01176-00372972-00373308 level of hyperspace which cannot be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01177-00373309-00373545 reached normally and is thought to cause
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01178-00373546-00373806 matter within the hyperspace field to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01179-00373807-00374058 disintegrate though Niveen revised this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01180-00374059-00374291 in a later work ring world's children
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01181-00374292-00374523 according to the new model other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01182-00374524-00374802 dimensional entities which exist near
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01183-00374803-00375081 large masses consume ships which enter
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01184-00375082-00375441 hyperspace in their vicinity because of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01185-00375442-00375690 this the only species known to have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01186-00375691-00375939 developed hyperspace on their own are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01187-00375940-00376254 the outsiders a species whose superfluid
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01188-00376255-00376542 helium based physiology makes them more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01189-00376543-00376803 readily able and inclined to perform
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01190-00376804-00377220 experiments in interstellar space while
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01191-00377221-00377523 traveling through hyperspace any attempt
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01192-00377524-00377733 to view anything outside the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01193-00377734-00377979 through a portal or as in the short
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01194-00377980-00378474 story flatlander 1967 through a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01195-00378475-00378741 transparent hull interacts with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01196-00378742-00378972 human optic nerve such as to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01197-00378973-00379125 perceived as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01198-00379126-00379482 blindspot this effect has extremely
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01199-00379483-00379767 unnerving to most people and prolonged
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01200-00379768-00380063 viewing can lead to madness
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01201-00380064-00380342 in this connection in combing back
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01202-00380343-00380789 through time by Mike Atkinson a 2006
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01203-00380790-00381239 hard SF novella quite the opposite
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01204-00381240-00381569 visual outcome albeit a recording is had
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01205-00381570-00381875 by the 360-degree view that a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01206-00381876-00382166 front-mounted camera has from a probe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01207-00382167-00382571 within a described interspace employed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01208-00382572-00382847 in fourth dimensional movement or time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01209-00382848-00383375 travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01210-00383376-00384018 topic Macross and Robotech
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01211-00384019-00384351 in the universe of Macross and Robotech
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01212-00384352-00384723 first introduced by the TV series Choji
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01213-00384724-00385157 ku you see Macross 1982 hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01214-00385158-00385460 travel also involves the notion of space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01215-00385461-00385853 folding hyperspace folding involves a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01216-00385854-00386094 large hyperspace bubble around the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01217-00386095-00386420 vessel traveling through hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01218-00386421-00386652 everything within this bubble is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01219-00386653-00386895 transported along with the vessel itself
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01220-00386896-00387089 to its destination
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01221-00387090-00387431 thus when captain global global is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01222-00387432-00387693 forced into making a hyperspace fold
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01223-00387694-00387912 from close to the surface of the earth
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01224-00387913-00388221 and fold into behind the moon an entire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01225-00388222-00388535 island it's sea and its inhabitants are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01226-00388536-00388769 caught in the hyperspace bubble and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01227-00388770-00389057 accidentally transported to near Pluto's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01228-00389058-00389360 orbit along with the SDF one Macross
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01229-00389361-00389670 elsewhere in the series space folds
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01230-00389671-00389916 looks as if the ship turns into a beam
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01231-00389917-00390182 of energy which disappears as the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01232-00390183-00390554 goes into space fold the same happened
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01233-00390555-00390945 in the 1990 form across seven TV series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01234-00390946-00391256 in other entries in the Macross
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01235-00391257-00391556 franchise space folding seems to be a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01236-00391557-00391914 bit more conventional for instance in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01237-00391915-00392238 Macross plus Isamu Dyson and Young
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01238-00392239-00392483 Newman traveled to earth in a variable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01239-00392484-00392813 fighter modified with a space fold drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01240-00392814-00393144 there the fold process seems to look
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01241-00393145-00393380 like an iridescent tunnel which the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01242-00393381-00393720 flies through more recently on the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01243-00393721-00394100 franchise's TV series Macross frontier
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01244-00394101-00394553 2008 and Macross Delta 2016 the space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01245-00394554-00394869 folding process drastically changed now
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01246-00394870-00395129 the vessels passed to hyperspace through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01247-00395130-00395541 a fold portal that remains open for some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01248-00395542-00395879 time once in hyperspace this resembles a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01249-00395880-00396276 tunnel semi-transparent of light through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01250-00396277-00396519 which you can see the stars passing at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01251-00396520-00396798 speed this tunnel of purple and blue
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01252-00396799-00397095 tones appears to be infinitely long with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01253-00397096-00397362 some visible layers or sections yeah
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01254-00397363-00397566 the ships still have a bubble of energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01255-00397567-00398170 around
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01256-00398171-00398729 topic mass effect
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01257-00398730-00399039 in the Mass Effect games universe there
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01258-00399040-00399245 are two ways to move in supra luminal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01259-00399246-00399734 speed the FTL flight faster than light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01260-00399735-00400034 is possible in spacecraft equipped with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01261-00400035-00400442 a warp core and the use of element zero
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01262-00400443-00400781 the quantitative requirements may vary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01263-00400782-00401037 depending on the mass of the vessel and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01264-00401038-00401432 of the desired velocity to equip a high
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01265-00401433-00401688 mass ship so it can reach these speeds
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01266-00401689-00402107 as extraordinarily expensive they allow
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01267-00402108-00402374 the decrease of mass exceeding the speed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01268-00402375-00402639 of light within the gravitational field
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01269-00402640-00403038 generated this method also allows for a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01270-00403039-00403301 load time dilatation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01271-00403302-00403607 if the gravitational field yields on a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01272-00403608-00403887 supra luminal speed the disaster is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01273-00403888-00404156 inevitable the ship brutally backs on a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01274-00404157-00404441 subliminal speed and the large excess of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01275-00404442-00404765 energy gives rise to a fatal Vavilov
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01276-00404766-00405164 t Cherenkov effect the motors can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01277-00405165-00405404 operate during 50 hours on average
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01278-00405405-00405721 before they reach their saturation point
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01279-00405722-00406055 this limit varies in function of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01280-00406056-00406334 mass production amplitude a heavier or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01281-00406335-00406601 faster ship will reach its saturation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01282-00406602-00407013 point quickly the mass relays they are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01283-00407014-00407285 attributed to the Protheans a race who
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01284-00407286-00407701 had rain on the galaxy 50,000 years ago
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01285-00407702-00408005 they formed the relays network which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01286-00408006-00408284 allows to travel instantly in any sector
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01287-00408285-00408701 of the Milky Way a relay creates a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01288-00408702-00408941 corridor without gravity with another
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01289-00408942-00409199 relay allowing an instant travel between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01290-00409200-00409505 the both faster than the FTL flight
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01291-00409506-00409802 which takes years or centuries to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01292-00409803-00410153 in such distances there are the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01293-00410154-00410405 principal relays allowing to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01294-00410406-00410666 thousands of light-years but only in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01295-00410667-00411132 direction of its twin relay
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01296-00411133-00411393 and the secondary relay allowing to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01297-00411393-00411630 travel hundreds of light-years but
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01298-00411631-00411879 allowed to travel to any other relay in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01299-00411880-00412454 their range
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01300-00412455-00413055 topic H beam Piper
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01301-00413056-00413355 in all of Piper's novels that employ
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01302-00413356-00413626 spacecraft the ships that travel between
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01303-00413627-00414103 stars do so in hyperspace his hyperdrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01304-00414104-00414382 works by creating a field that puts the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01305-00414383-00414637 ship into hyperspace where the ship's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01306-00414638-00414889 travel at a constant speed of one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01307-00414889-00415314 Lightyear per hour hyperspace navigators
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01308-00415316-00415609 refer to distances between planetary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01309-00415610-00415822 systems by the number of hours required
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01310-00415822-00416217 in hyperspace to transit between them
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01311-00416218-00416491 humans suffer no ill effects from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01312-00416492-00416827 entering or leaving hyperspace ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01313-00416828-00417072 cannot see or communicate with each
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01314-00417074-00417309 other while in hyper nor can they be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01315-00417310-00417574 detected in normal space until they
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01316-00417575-00417928 emerge back into normal space there is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01317-00417929-00418249 no time distortion in Piper's version of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01318-00418250-00418814 hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01319-00418814-00419364 topic Perry Rhodan
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01320-00419365-00419806 the Perry Rhodan series of books 1961
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01321-00419807-00420120 onward approaches hyperspace in two ways
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01322-00420121-00420470 at first we see five dimensional jumps
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01323-00420471-00420747 this was the way to travel through space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01324-00420748-00421087 with FTL technology and it could be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01325-00421088-00421333 described in the same words as that of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01326-00421334-00421716 Asimov's hyperspace the passengers
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01327-00421717-00421968 suffered pain and distress after each
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01328-00421969-00422041 jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01329-00422042-00422443 however unlike Asimov in hyperspace the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01330-00422443-00422668 hyperspace has explained through the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01331-00422668-00422943 five dimensional space-time where the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01332-00422944-00423178 fourth dimension as the normal time and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01333-00423179-00423430 the fifth dimension as the variable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01334-00423431-00423682 existence of time and with the help of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01335-00423683-00423943 the manipulation of this space-time all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01336-00423943-00424170 factors of time for the travel is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01337-00424171-00424537 eliminated the second hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01338-00424538-00424755 technique is called superlinear
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01339-00424756-00425020 technology learned from the phenomena
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01340-00425021-00425239 seen by our Konitz during the war
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01341-00425239-00425622 against the drew offs after five decades
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01342-00425623-00425956 of research human scientists surrounded
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01343-00425957-00426334 ships with a kalupia and bubble in which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01344-00426335-00426631 it was possible to see Einsteins normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01345-00426632-00426918 space but not to be seen by sensors or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01346-00426919-00427314 scanners superlinear flights occurred in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01347-00427315-00427699 a librarian' region between the fourth
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01348-00427700-00427864 and fifth dimensions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01349-00427864-00428097 this allowed the ships to achieve
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01350-00428098-00428401 velocities thousands or even millions of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01351-00428402-00428706 times greater than that of light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01352-00428707-00429018 thousands of years later humanity is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01353-00429019-00429387 spread along the many star systems then
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01354-00429388-00429631 a new third kind of propulsion has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01355-00429632-00429916 developed with the name dhimmis extra
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01356-00429917-00430270 using extra galactic technology and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01357-00430271-00430557 achieving billions of times Lightspeed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01358-00430558-00430879 dhimmis sexta consists in a kind of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01359-00430880-00431101 hyper fast travel through a zone
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01360-00431102-00431401 existing exclusively between the 5th and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01361-00431402-00431820 6th dimensions the only Terran ship able
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01362-00431821-00432141 to used msx2 drives as the supergiant
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01363-00432142-00432472 ship Marco Polo
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01364-00432472-00432793 a fourth description of hyperspace comes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01365-00432793-00433047 from the matter transmitters this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01366-00433048-00433363 equipment acted as portals or stargates
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01367-00433364-00433639 with different ranges proportional to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01368-00433639-00433906 the energy available allowing travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01369-00433907-00434650 among the planets of a single system
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01370-00434651-00435269 topic redshift rendezvous
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01371-00435270-00435714 in redshift rendezvous 1990 by John East
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01372-00435714-00436019 if hyperspace as a layer of space in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01373-00436020-00436250 which the speed of light as ten meters
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01374-00436251-00436568 per second people aboard a passenger
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01375-00436569-00436858 craft in this region experience
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01376-00436859-00437258 relativistic effects in daily life flick
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01377-00437259-00437529 a light switch and the room slowly fills
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01378-00437530-00437856 with light run and you can create sonic
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01379-00437857-00438170 booms people behind you see you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01380-00438171-00438714 redshifted
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01381-00438715-00439422 topic saga of the Scullion empire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01382-00439423-00439762 in the Scullion empire series by dr.
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01383-00439763-00439891 katherine Asaro
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01384-00439892-00440260 there are two methods the first method
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01385-00440260-00440563 inversion is used by ships moving at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01386-00440564-00440964 relativistic speeds instead of breaking
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01387-00440966-00441162 the barrier of the speed of light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01388-00441163-00441457 spaceships in primary inversion go
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01389-00441458-00441778 around it by adding an imaginary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01390-00441779-00442143 component to their velocity or inverting
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01391-00442145-00442435 they enter a superluminal universe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01392-00442435-00442738 allowing for near instantaneous travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01393-00442739-00443070 however because the ship must come close
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01394-00443071-00443332 to the speed of light to invert travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01395-00443333-00443452 still takes time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01396-00443453-00443808 in addition various spacetime
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01397-00443809-00444175 calculation errors add complications the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01398-00444176-00444468 scullions military advantage is due to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01399-00444470-00444735 the pilots ability to communicate with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01400-00444737-00445063 technology induced telepathy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01401-00445064-00445357 while in inversion and arrive in tight
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01402-00445358-00445609 formation from inversion this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01403-00445610-00445843 communication is through a rip in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01404-00445843-00446139 space-time called a Kyle singularity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01405-00446141-00446491 allowing FTL communication across the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01406-00446492-00446806 separate medium of Kyle space also known
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01407-00446807-00447437 informally as cyberspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01408-00447438-00447882 topic complex speeds and special
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01409-00447883-00448365 relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01410-00448366-00448810 in 1996 Asaro published a paper in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01411-00448810-00449072 american journal of physics called
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01412-00449073-00449454 complex speeds and special relativity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01413-00449455-00449787 that gives the mathematical formulation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01414-00449788-00450042 she developed for the fictional star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01415-00450043-00450368 drive used in primary inversion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01416-00450369-00450741 describing the idea as a-- mathematical
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01417-00450742-00450810 game
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01418-00450811-00451119 she shows how making the speed a complex
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01419-00451120-00451329 number can remove the problems
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01420-00451330-00451602 associated with the singularity at the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01421-00451603-00452204 speed of light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01422-00452205-00452875 topic sins of a solar Empire
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01423-00452876-00453289 in the game sins of a solar Empire 2008
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01424-00453290-00453650 the most popular way of achieving FTL as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01425-00453651-00453910 the phase drive also called the jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01426-00453911-00454231 drive the drives mechanism is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01427-00454232-00454475 undescribed but what is known is that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01428-00454476-00454772 one the ship is enveloped in a cone of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01429-00454772-00455062 cobalt blue light two travels along a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01430-00455063-00455406 set highway called a phase Lane and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01431-00455407-00455681 three the ships travel through an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01432-00455682-00456016 alternative dimension called phase space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01433-00456017-00456325 but must be far enough away from a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01434-00456326-00456689 significant gravity well to enter there
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01435-00456689-00457010 are also defense stations called phase
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01436-00457010-00457379 inhibitors which use nanomachines or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01437-00457380-00457654 space-time distortion to stop the drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01438-00457655-00457925 from working efficiently thus preventing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01439-00457926-00458327 a timely retreat the Vasari Empire can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01440-00458328-00458566 attach a phase Drive to a missile
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01441-00458567-00458827 allowing it to pass through shields
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01442-00458828-00459170 these are unaffected by phase inhibitors
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01443-00459171-00459491 there is also a Vasari phase stabilizer
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01444-00459492-00459787 node structure that allows ships to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01445-00459788-00460018 travel between nodes as if there were a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01446-00460019-00460335 phase lane connecting the systems Vasari
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01447-00460336-00460606 logistical structures can also raise a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01448-00460607-00460883 phase barrier to reduce damage
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01449-00460884-00461122 Vasari Scout ships can disable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01450-00461122-00461393 themselves but become invulnerable for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01451-00461393-00461641 as long as their antimatter reserve
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01452-00461642-00461981 lasts when near a star it is regenerated
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01453-00461982-00462289 faster than it is spent and they're fast
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01454-00462289-00462608 battleship can do that to any ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01455-00462609-00462893 itself friend or foe for a brief
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01456-00462893-00463481 duration
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01457-00463482-00464099 topic star controlled too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01458-00464100-00464460 in the video game star controlled to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01459-00464462-00464828 1992 hyperspace is depicted as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01460-00464829-00465062 different plane of existence that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01461-00465063-00465254 provides the means of feasible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01462-00465255-00465604 interstellar travel entering hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01463-00465605-00465935 requires propulsion be made to the edges
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01464-00465935-00466189 of the solar system away from the Stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01465-00466191-00466597 mass inside of hyperspace these same
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01466-00466599-00466889 stars are represented as gravity wells
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01467-00466889-00467189 or holes in the hyperspace which suck
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01468-00467189-00467453 the ship into normal space when entering
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01469-00467454-00467897 it too close enemy vessels also generate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01470-00467897-00468168 gravity wells of the much smaller size
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01471-00468170-00468488 resulting in spacefaring civilizations
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01472-00468489-00468782 being able to establish territory and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01473-00468783-00469141 patrol it even from ships in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01474-00469142-00469522 the physical laws of hyperspace travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01475-00469524-00469714 are slightly different from those of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01476-00469716-00469985 travel in normal space the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01477-00469985-00470216 traveling in hyperspace must
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01478-00470217-00470471 continuously provide its own propulsion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01479-00470472-00470795 or the vessel simply stops in normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01480-00470796-00471053 space propulsion is only needed to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01481-00471054-00471287 change the course and Newtonian physics
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01482-00471288-00471581 means that once thrust is applied it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01483-00471582-00471862 will continue in that direction
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01484-00471863-00472196 hyperspace is represented as a red foggy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01485-00472197-00472529 area with strange artifacts seem moving
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01486-00472530-00472910 and twinkling in the distance note that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01487-00472910-00473159 many of the same properties though not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01488-00473160-00473408 the red color are reflected in star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01489-00473409-00473743 flight 1986 a game which heavily
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01490-00473745-00474158 influenced star control 2 star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01491-00474159-00474434 controlled 2 also has another plane of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01492-00474435-00474830 existence known as quasi space more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01493-00474831-00475154 difficult to access the access points in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01494-00475155-00475438 quasi space lead into several different
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01495-00475439-00475780 predetermined locations in hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01496-00475781-00476105 one interesting fact is that the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01497-00476106-00476366 does not consume any fuel at all while
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01498-00476367-00476743 traveling inside quasi space whereas
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01499-00476745-00477101 hyperspace is depicted in redness quasi
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01500-00477102-00477332 space appears a harsh green with a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01501-00477333-00477482 negativity effect
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01502-00477483-00477947 objects 1 alien race the Aerie Lu has a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01503-00477947-00478205 planet which can only be reached through
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01504-00478206-00478532 quasi space while another alien race the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01505-00478533-00478838 orz are rumored to be able to enter and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01506-00478839-00479174 swim through quasi space there are also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01507-00479175-00479495 hints that the orz can exist in yet
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01508-00479496-00479777 another dimension with quasi space being
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01509-00479778-00480133 above and this other dimension being
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01510-00480134-00480745 below
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01511-00480746-00481293 topic Star Trek
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01512-00481293-00481725 the Star Trek first broadcast 1966
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01513-00481726-00482025 universe equivalent of hyperspace has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01514-00482026-00482391 known as subspace although similar in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01515-00482392-00482714 concept to hyperspace subspace plays a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01516-00482716-00483118 slightly different role in FTL travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01517-00483120-00483456 subspace exists in layers all of which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01518-00483457-00483858 are below normal three dimensional
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01519-00483859-00484074 space-time much like the different
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01520-00484075-00484413 layers of a cake when a starship is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01521-00484414-00484749 traveling at FTL speeds commonly known
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01522-00484750-00485172 as warp in the Star Trek universe the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01523-00485172-00485507 ship itself does not enter subspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01524-00485508-00485829 instead the ship either reacts a steady
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01525-00485830-00486135 stream of deuterium and anti deuterium
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01526-00486135-00486450 together or else taps the massive energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01527-00486451-00486738 of an artificial quantum singularity in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01528-00486739-00486996 order to power large subspace field
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01529-00486997-00487467 generating coils warp engines the field
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01530-00487468-00487743 known as a warp field extends into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01531-00487743-00488055 subspace allowing the enclosed starship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01532-00488056-00488370 to travel at FTL speeds while it remains
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01533-00488371-00488735 within a pocket of normal space-time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01534-00488735-00489074 similar in concept to a 20th century
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01535-00489075-00489342 hydrofoil and it is this pocket of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01536-00489343-00489672 normal space itself which travels faster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01537-00489672-00489879 than light as the ship sits safely
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01538-00489880-00490272 inside the pocket wrapping a spaceship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01539-00490272-00490514 within the warp field prevents the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01540-00490514-00490800 relativistic time dilation normally
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01541-00490801-00491154 associated with standard FTL travel and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01542-00491155-00491430 allows interstellar travel to continue
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01543-00491431-00491687 in a reasonable amount of time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01544-00491688-00492018 despite warp drives incredible speed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01545-00492018-00492312 compared to current day travel speed it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01546-00492313-00492572 can still take years to travel across a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01547-00492574-00492860 mere fraction of the galaxy around a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01548-00492862-00493235 year per 1,000 light years this was
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01549-00493237-00493518 demonstrated in part in the Star Trek
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01550-00493518-00493935 Voyager episode endgame in which it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01551-00493935-00494289 originally took the starship Voyager 23
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01552-00494289-00494679 years to travel the 75,000 light years
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01553-00494680-00495057 needed to return to earth this concept
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01554-00495058-00495422 of FTL travel is asymptotically limited
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01555-00495424-00495696 by the idea that if the warp field is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01556-00495697-00495972 too strong the ship itself will be too
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01557-00495972-00496272 deeply submerged in subspace which has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01558-00496272-00496514 negative genetic effects on living
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01559-00496516-00496926 things in addition at high warp factors
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01560-00496927-00497202 the energy required to sustain the field
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01561-00497203-00497604 grows exponentially among the uses of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01562-00497605-00497928 subspace in Star Trek is as a medium for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01563-00497929-00498272 propagating audio and visual signals at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01564-00498274-00498563 FTL speeds thus allowing nearly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01565-00498564-00498858 instantaneous communication across vast
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01566-00498859-00499242 interstellar distances this is commonly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01567-00499243-00499541 referred to in the Star Trek world as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01568-00499542-00500260 subspace communication
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01569-00500262-00500854 topic Star Wars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01570-00500855-00501091 Star Wars has one of the most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01571-00501092-00501387 significant depictions of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01572-00501388-00501712 it was once unknown if it was a parallel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01573-00501713-00501960 dimension or only a metaphor for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01574-00501961-00502243 traveling at the speed of light in real
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01575-00502243-00502635 space the normal dimension as starships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01576-00502636-00502903 that travel into it can be influenced by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01577-00502904-00503206 real space agents but can bypass walls
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01578-00503207-00503637 and deflector shields in Star Wars the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01579-00503638-00503956 last Jedi it was established that a ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01580-00503957-00504226 traveling at light speed can crash into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01581-00504227-00504531 a squadron of real spaceships severely
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01582-00504532-00504895 damaging them the role-playing video
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01583-00504896-00505174 game Star Wars Knights of the Old
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01584-00505175-00505537 Republic 2003 gives one of the more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01585-00505538-00505762 substantial explanations of how
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01586-00505763-00506035 hyperspace travel works in the Star Wars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01587-00506035-00506416 universe there are established safe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01588-00506417-00506679 hyperspace routes that were scouted out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01589-00506680-00507120 by an unknown species in 300 Oh o BBY
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01590-00507121-00507483 30,000 years prior to the event in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01591-00507484-00507958 1977 film Star Wars these routes made
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01592-00507959-00508218 interstellar trade and eventually the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01593-00508218-00508514 establishment of the Republic possible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01594-00508515-00508849 new routes are almost never scouted out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01595-00508850-00509125 mostly because the end coordinates might
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01596-00509126-00509374 place the travelling ship inside some
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01597-00509375-00509793 star or planet for example the deep core
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01598-00509794-00510039 systems are especially hard to navigate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01599-00510040-00510426 because of the high density of stars a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01600-00510427-00510775 pilot skill in hyperspace has a lot to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01601-00510776-00511029 do with how he navigates the tangled web
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01602-00511030-00511329 of hyperspace routes that crisscross the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01603-00511330-00511710 galaxy traveling through hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01604-00511710-00512004 requires the aid of either an astromech
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01605-00512005-00512581 droid such as r2d2 or r4 p9 or a navi
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01606-00512582-00512862 computer navigational computer although
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01607-00512863-00513202 Jedi are sometimes reputed to be able to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01608-00513203-00513397 travel through hyperspace without
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01609-00513397-00513708 reference to Navi computers astromech
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01610-00513709-00514047 droids or existing known routes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01611-00514047-00514347 traveling through hyperspace has also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01612-00514348-00514600 apparently quite complex as Han Solo
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01613-00514601-00514962 tells Luke Skywalker that it ain't like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01614-00514963-00515320 Dustin crops boy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01615-00515321-00515639 in any case hyperspace as an extremely
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01616-00515639-00516020 fast method of travel as obi-wan kenobe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01617-00516021-00516257 and Luke's journey from Tatooine to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01618-00516258-00516520 Alderaan as theorized to have only taken
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01619-00516521-00516791 two days maximum whereas these two
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01620-00516792-00517067 planets are separated by half a galaxy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01621-00517068-00517414 or more Darth Maul took approximately
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01622-00517414-00517742 seven hours to travel from Coruscant to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01623-00517743-00518125 Tatooine the movies as well as multiple
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01624-00518126-00518395 expanded universe sources shell
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01625-00518396-00518695 hyperspace as having a modeled blue and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01626-00518696-00519014 black appearance an entry into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01627-00519014-00519287 hyperspace shows the Stars stretch into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01628-00519288-00519533 star lines then turn into the modeled
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01629-00519534-00519700 appearance
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01630-00519701-00520037 externally a ship entering hyperspace as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01631-00520038-00520307 described in Timothy's Anne's novels as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01632-00520308-00520966 displaying a flicker of suit emotion
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01633-00520967-00521237 before disappearing like the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01634-00521238-00521477 above-mentioned Star Trek series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01635-00521478-00521885 Halla comm transmissions are featured in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01636-00521885-00522083 star wars as long-range
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01637-00522084-00522389 faster-than-light communication signals
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01638-00522389-00522818 sent through hyperspace the hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01639-00522818-00523175 speed of a ship is represented by class
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01640-00523176-00523637 an arbitrary and abstract measure lower
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01641-00523638-00523910 numbers indicate proportionally lower
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01642-00523910-00524251 travel time and thus higher speed for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01643-00524252-00524597 instance an x-wing Starfighter is class
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01644-00524598-00524981 1 the Death Star is class 3 which means
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01645-00524982-00525247 it can travel through hyperspace only
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01646-00525248-00525631 1/3 as fast as the x-wing a more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01647-00525632-00525920 standard capital ship such as a Star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01648-00525921-00526241 Destroyer may clock in at class 2 and a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01649-00526242-00526637 civilian bulk freighter at class 4 very
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01650-00526638-00526960 fast ships with class lower than 1 air
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01651-00526961-00527258 relatively rare the remarkably speedy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01652-00527259-00527683 Millennium Falcon as class 0.5 or twice
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01653-00527684-00528091 as fast as the x-wing the Aben Hawk the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01654-00528092-00528335 primary ship used in the Knights of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01655-00528336-00528616 Old Republic series is said to be the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01656-00528617-00528808 fastest in the galaxy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01657-00528809-00529072 4,000 years prior to the rise of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01658-00529073-00529512 Empire however at that time hyperdrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01659-00529513-00529799 technology was not as well developed a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01660-00529800-00530122 class 1 hyperdrive the Aben Hawks class
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01661-00530123-00530510 was considered extremely fast it is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01662-00530511-00530801 stated that it is the only ship capable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01663-00530802-00531026 of breaking the sith blockade of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01664-00531027-00531245 planet terrace although that may be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01665-00531246-00531502 interpreted as the only ship that was
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01666-00531503-00531808 capable and also located on terrace at
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01667-00531809-00532168 the time of the blockade similarly the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01668-00532169-00532441 Aben hawk was used for smuggling prior
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01669-00532442-00532697 to the events of the games just as the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01670-00532698-00533299 Millennium Falcon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01671-00533300-00533691 topic mass shadows
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01672-00533692-00533859 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01673-00533860-00534180 within the Star Wars universe ships can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01674-00534181-00534450 be prevented from entering hyperspace as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01675-00534451-00534708 well as removed from it by way of mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01676-00534709-00535134 shadows existing in hyperspace mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01677-00535135-00535341 shadows are the hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01678-00535342-00535632 signatures created by gravity wells of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01679-00535633-00535970 large objects existing in normal space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01680-00535971-00536343 mass shadows occur naturally caused by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01681-00536344-00536604 the gravity wells of large celestial
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01682-00536605-00536958 bodies such as planets stars or gas
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01683-00536959-00537456 giants smaller objects eg comets may
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01684-00537457-00537849 also cause mass shadows to occur due to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01685-00537850-00538077 their nature mass shadows can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01686-00538078-00538254 potentially cause the threat of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01687-00538255-00538494 collision if a ship were to drop out of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01688-00538495-00538731 hyperspace and impact with the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01689-00538732-00539145 associated object this is why hyperdrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01690-00539146-00539451 engines include a fail-safe mechanism to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01691-00539452-00539685 return the ship to real space when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01692-00539686-00539918 encountering such a gravity well
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01693-00539919-00540222 artificial gravity wells can be produced
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01694-00540223-00540513 by gravity well projectors known as an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01695-00540514-00540728 interdiction field and can disable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01696-00540729-00540999 hyperspace maneuvers preventing or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01697-00541000-00541218 removing ships from traveling in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01698-00541219-00541602 hyperspace the interdictor class star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01699-00541603-00541848 destroyer of vessels employed by the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01700-00541849-00542079 Galactic Empire are equipped with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01701-00542080-00542406 technology to generate gravity wells and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01702-00542407-00542667 are leveraged by the Empire to disable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01703-00542668-00542990 rebel ships attempting hyperspace travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01704-00542991-00543300 the interdictor class cruiser was
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01705-00543301-00543576 previously featured as part of the Star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01706-00543577-00543960 Wars Expanded Universe SW EU and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01707-00543961-00544221 declared non-canon with the rebranding
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01708-00544222-00544785 of SW EU to Star Wars legends however
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01709-00544786-00545013 they have since been restored after
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01710-00545014-00545292 being featured in novels part of the new
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01711-00545293-00545583 continuity an interdictor class cruiser
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01712-00545584-00545907 like spacecraft the Imperial interdictor
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01713-00545908-00546234 is also seen in Star Wars rebels and it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01714-00546235-00546474 captures from hyperspace a rebel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01715-00546475-00546727 starship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01716-00546728-00547027 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01717-00547028-00547622 topic sub hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01718-00547623-00548047 sub hyperspace in the novelization of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01719-00548048-00548387 star wars the force awakens is the term
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01720-00548388-00548726 used by first-order officers to identify
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01721-00548727-00548999 the hyperspace like region in real space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01722-00549000-00549410 in which the phantom energy shot from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01723-00549411-00549761 Starkiller base travels the novel also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01724-00549762-00550058 explains that the energy derived from a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01725-00550059-00550327 kind of dark energy known as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01726-00550328-00550709 quintessence is visible by characters on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01727-00550710-00550874 planet takodana
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01728-00550875-00551681 due to a strange rip in sub hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01729-00551682-00552237 topic Starcraft
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01730-00552238-00552561 in the video game franchise Starcraft
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01731-00552562-00552933 all the main races protoss terran Zerg
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01732-00552934-00553265 and Xel'Naga could travel by warp space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01733-00553266-00553605 the Xel'Naga and a tribe of Protoss
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01734-00553606-00553881 called dark templar could travel by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01735-00553882-00554118 means of the void which is a mysterious
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01736-00554119-00554568 cosmic phenomenon the race of Protoss
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01737-00554569-00554856 has very advanced with warping and can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01738-00554857-00555168 warp entire buildings spacecrafts and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01739-00555169-00555561 individual Protoss beings the Protoss
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01740-00555562-00555861 also use an advanced form of warping
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01741-00555862-00556101 called mass recall which defies
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01742-00556102-00556398 dimensions to summon entire armies or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01743-00556399-00556464 fleets
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01744-00556465-00556685 however this uses much of their energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01745-00556686-00557184 reserves the Terrans use warp drives in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01746-00557185-00557451 their spacecrafts which allow faster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01747-00557452-00557829 than light travel the Zerg race could
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01748-00557830-00558069 faster than light travel through space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01749-00558070-00558384 in behemoths and leviathans colossal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01750-00558385-00558627 creatures that were used by the Zerg as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01751-00558628-00558978 space vessels the leaders of the Zerg
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01752-00558979-00559200 the Overmind and the Queen of Blades
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01753-00559201-00559518 were immensely powerful psionic beings
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01754-00559519-00559767 that could open war briefs which allowed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01755-00559768-00560151 accurate instantaneous travel the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01756-00560152-00560457 Xel'Naga race had advanced technology
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01757-00560458-00560778 that allowed them to warp travel their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01758-00560779-00561060 warp gates allowed instantaneous travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01759-00561061-00561336 between two points in the universe and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01760-00561337-00562112 thus could travel to distant galaxies
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01761-00562113-00562641 topic Stargate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01762-00562642-00563091 in the Stargate Universe 1994 to 2011
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01763-00563092-00563400 most spaceships are equipped with hyper
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01764-00563401-00563619 drives that open up a window to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01765-00563620-00563954 hyperspace different races have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01766-00563955-00564222 hyperdrives of varying speeds a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01767-00564223-00564489 hyperdrive constructed by the alterans
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01768-00564490-00564759 ancients or by the Asgard would be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01769-00564760-00565014 significantly faster than a Goa'uld
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01770-00565015-00565329 hyperdrive there are two types of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01771-00565330-00565614 hyperdrives interstellar which only
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01772-00565615-00565896 allows the ship using that hyperdrive to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01773-00565897-00566211 travel between stars in one galaxy in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01774-00566212-00566439 relatively expedient manner an
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01775-00566440-00566685 intergalactic which allows the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01776-00566686-00566967 using it to travel greater distances and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01777-00566968-00567327 at greater speed the only race is shown
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01778-00567328-00567615 to use intergalactic hyperdrives are the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01779-00567616-00567849 tower II through Asgard hyperdrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01780-00567850-00568188 engines for example on the USS Daedalus
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01781-00568189-00568521 the Asgard the ancients alterans most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01782-00568522-00568841 notably Atlantis the Asuran human-form
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01783-00568842-00569141 replicators the Milky Way human-form
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01784-00569142-00569595 replicators the Ori and the nakai most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01785-00569596-00569883 hyperdrives use the fictional substance
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01786-00569884-00570210 of naquadah as fuel some including
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01787-00570211-00570474 certain earth vessels use the highly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01788-00570475-00570762 unstable but more powerful isotope
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01789-00570763-00571161 naquadria instead ancient hyperdrives
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01790-00571162-00571539 are powered by one or more zpms whereas
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01791-00571540-00571830 the Asgard hyperdrive engines use the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01792-00571831-00572124 Asgard neutronium ion generator
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01793-00572125-00572379 although when installed on earth vessels
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01794-00572380-00572619 they use whichever power source as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01795-00572620-00572955 available typically an aqua de Ghent or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01796-00572956-00573186 in the case of the Odyssey or on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01797-00573187-00573542 occasion the Daedalus a zpm
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01798-00573543-00573831 unlike hyperdrives used in other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01799-00573832-00574179 universes hyperspace travel in Stargate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01800-00574180-00574401 does not interact with any matter in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01801-00574402-00574839 real space therefore it allows ships to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01802-00574840-00575100 pass straight through any object but not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01803-00575101-00575412 large space-time distortions such as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01804-00575413-00575772 black holes in its path this has been
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01805-00575773-00576030 used in numerous escape scenarios
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01806-00576031-00576315 throughout the series the speed of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01807-00576316-00576528 hyperdrive can be increased by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01808-00576529-00576813 increasing its power by an external or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01809-00576814-00577083 internal source or by modifying it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01810-00577084-00577479 manually when the Daedalus has powered
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01811-00577480-00577803 by its Asgard hyperdrive it takes 18
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01812-00577804-00578055 days to travel to Atlantis in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01813-00578056-00578331 Pegasus galaxy however when the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01814-00578332-00578624 engineers rigged the zero-point module
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01815-00578625-00578961 zpm sent for Atlantis ancient shield
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01816-00578962-00579281 into the system it took only four days
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01817-00579282-00579618 Earth's Daedalus class battle cruiser
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01818-00579619-00579870 the Odyssey as mentioned to have its own
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01819-00579871-00580182 permanent zpm during the war against the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01820-00580183-00580503 Ori although it is unknown if the zpm is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01821-00580504-00580761 sent to atlantis following the auras
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01822-00580762-00581157 eventual defeat several ships can be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01823-00581158-00581466 encompassed in one hyperspace window by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01824-00581467-00581733 expanding the window but it takes a lot
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01825-00581734-00581985 more power than usual it is also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01826-00581986-00582264 possible to land a ship on one that is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01827-00582265-00582495 entering the hyperspace window and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01828-00582496-00582882 travel alongside this previous is not a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01829-00582883-00583224 problem if someone can install is zpm
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01830-00583225-00583503 because a fully charged module can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01831-00583504-00583875 Precure massive amounts of energy it has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01832-00583876-00584115 been shown that it's possible to open a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01833-00584116-00584355 hyperspace window in a planet's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01834-00584356-00584637 atmosphere but it seems to distort space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01835-00584638-00585048 around it each species as hyperdrives
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01836-00585049-00585495 works on a unique frequency a fact that
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01837-00585496-00585759 the renegade ancient scientist Janus
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01838-00585760-00585993 took advantage of when creating the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01839-00585994-00586233 Attero device a weapon of mass
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01840-00586234-00586488 destruction intended to disrupt the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01841-00586489-00586752 hyperspace window generated by any
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01842-00586753-00587043 Wraith ship in the galaxy instantly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01843-00587044-00587256 vaporizing the ship as it entered the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01844-00587257-00587583 window this device was ultimately
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01845-00587584-00587969 abandoned by Janus due to unforeseen yet
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01846-00587970-00588201 catastrophic side effects on the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01847-00588202-00588510 Stargate network causing active gates to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01848-00588511-00588789 explode destroying most or all of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01849-00588790-00589112 planet on which it resides
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01850-00589113-00589516 hyperspace also has a type of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01851-00589517-00589878 radiation which all Wraith ships suffer
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01852-00589879-00590172 damage from n as a result must exit out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01853-00590173-00590439 of hyperspace incrementally to allow
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01854-00590440-00590697 their organic ships to regenerate their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01855-00590698-00590933 hull from the hyperspace radiation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01856-00590934-00591266 damage due to this shortcoming the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01857-00591267-00591483 Wraith often plan their hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01858-00591484-00591879 travel in a series of jumps in which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01859-00591880-00592160 they simultaneously enter an exit
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01860-00592161-00592520 hyperspace as a cluster Wraith ships are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01861-00592521-00592743 the only ships known to require these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01862-00592744-00593037 pauses in their hyperspace travel as all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01863-00593038-00593291 other hyperspace capable ships are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01864-00593292-00593610 protected by their energy shielding in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01865-00593611-00593937 order to reach the full potential speed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01866-00593938-00594179 of their hyperdrive the Asgard must
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01867-00594180-00594441 shunt all power away from shields and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01868-00594442-00594810 weapons when using the full potential of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01869-00594811-00595074 their hyperdrives the Asgard can move
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01870-00595075-00595370 from one galaxy to another in under two
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01871-00595371-00595481 minutes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01872-00595482-00595793 the ancient ship destiny uses a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01873-00595794-00596020 different method of faster-than-light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01874-00596021-00596406 propulsion simply referred to as FTL by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01875-00596407-00596739 the destiny expedition much of its
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01876-00596740-00597075 workings remain unexplained destinies
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01877-00597076-00597395 drives once engaged must remain active
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01878-00597396-00597662 for a minimum of four hours and upon
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01879-00597663-00597993 exiting FTL travel must remain inactive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01880-00597994-00598287 for a minimum of three to prevent damage
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01881-00598288-00598445 to the drives
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01882-00598446-00598764 unlike sublight and hyper drives on
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01883-00598765-00599064 previously seen ships in both the Milky
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01884-00599065-00599358 Way and Pegasus galaxies Destiny's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01885-00599359-00599625 engines appear to be a single unit which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01886-00599626-00599918 provide both forms of propulsion this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01887-00599919-00600314 same method of FTL is used of both the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01888-00600315-00600572 ancient seed ships seen in Stargate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01889-00600573-00600822 Universe and the altar and city ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01890-00600823-00601160 seen in Stargate the Ark of truth
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01891-00601161-00601491 besides hyperspace travel there is of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01892-00601492-00601725 course wormhole travel through the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01893-00601726-00602167 stargates that give the series its name
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01894-00602168-00602493 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01895-00602494-00603094 topic sword of the stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01896-00603095-00603423 in the video game sword of the stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01897-00603424-00603764 2006 each race has its own form of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01898-00603765-00604021 hyperspace and therefore interstellar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01899-00604022-00604562 travel humans for example utilize node
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01900-00604563-00604952 space a degenerate form of normal space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01901-00604953-00605395 formed by cracks between areas of heavy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01902-00605396-00605746 gravity such as stars in node space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01903-00605747-00606058 distances are greatly reduced allowing
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01904-00606059-00606271 ships to use ordinary sub light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01905-00606272-00606560 propulsion and yet still cover distances
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01906-00606561-00606856 that would require FTL propulsion if
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01907-00606857-00607192 traveling in normal space without the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01908-00607193-00607604 special bail drive nothing can cross
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01909-00607605-00607864 between normal space and node space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01910-00607865-00608146 rendering travelling ships effectively
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01911-00608147-00608383 invisible while in node space though
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01912-00608384-00608591 they cannot see what they are traveling
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01913-00608592-00608929 toward either as well node space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01914-00608930-00609212 fractures form naturally and somewhat
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01915-00609213-00609458 randomly meaning that the shortest path
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01916-00609459-00609721 between stars may still be somewhat
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01917-00609722-00610108 circuitous the high vers do not utilize
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01918-00610109-00610412 any form of fast travel instead
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01919-00610413-00610648 employing jump gates to physically
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01920-00610649-00610935 connect two or more points in space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01921-00610936-00611248 though it takes substantial amounts of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01922-00611249-00611521 time for a ship to travel between stars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01923-00611522-00611821 at sublight speeds once a jump gate is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01924-00611822-00612083 constructed within an intense gravity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01925-00612084-00612448 field it is essentially next to all
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01926-00612449-00612760 other jump gates allowing instant travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01927-00612761-00613183 between any worlds in the network Li I
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01928-00613184-00613535 our ships cannot use normal drives due
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01929-00613536-00613750 to their special requirements their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01930-00613751-00613996 ships are much more massive than normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01931-00613997-00614197 due to having to be filled with water
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01932-00614198-00614456 and thus would require enormous ly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01933-00614457-00614800 larger amounts of power to move they
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01934-00614801-00615127 instead perfect a form of instantaneous
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01935-00615128-00615391 teleportation allowing them to transport
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01936-00615392-00615629 from one location to another without
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01937-00615630-00615937 moving at all eventually they can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01938-00615938-00616222 teleport far enough and quickly enough
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01939-00616223-00616604 to achieve speeds that are effectively
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01940-00616605-00617119 FTL over long distances the tarkas are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01941-00617120-00617431 the only race to truly develop an FTL
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01942-00617432-00617810 Drive their ships fold space around them
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01943-00617811-00618022 allowing them to move at faster than
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01944-00618023-00618500 light speeds Zul slavers introduced in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01945-00618501-00618802 the expansion born of blood utilize node
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01946-00618803-00619108 space in a similar manner to humans
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01947-00619109-00619417 rather than exploiting natural node
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01948-00619418-00619556 space fractures
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01949-00619557-00619858 however Zul ships rip paths into node
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01950-00619859-00620191 space directly this allows them to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01951-00620192-00620489 travel between stars as they wish rather
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01952-00620490-00620710 than being subject to the whims of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01953-00620711-00621067 nature however these artificial
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01954-00621068-00621312 fractures are unstable and must be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01955-00621313-00621575 continually reinforced or they will
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01956-00621576-00621829 collapse destroying any matter in them
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01957-00621830-00622229 at the time as Zul and humans both use
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01958-00622230-00622460 node space in their travel they may
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01959-00622461-00622760 actually contact or intercept each other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01960-00622761-00623391 while in transit
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01961-00623392-00624058 topic the voyage of the star wolf
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01962-00624059-00624366 an idea similar to hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01963-00624367-00624616 called hyper state was introduced by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01964-00624617-00624901 David Gerald in the novel the voyage of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01965-00624902-00625324 the Star Wolf 1990 in this setting
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01966-00625325-00625635 starships used artificially produced
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01967-00625636-00625872 gravitational singularities the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01968-00625873-00626118 space-time distortions found at the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01969-00626119-00626385 center of black holes to transition
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01970-00626386-00626635 between normal space and so called
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01971-00626636-00626920 irrational space where faster than light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01972-00626921-00627252 travel was possible the primary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01973-00627253-00627526 limitation of hyper state was that the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01974-00627527-00627789 resulting gravitational distortions
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01975-00627790-00628003 could be easily detected by other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01976-00628004-00628330 starships so stealthy movement at faster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01977-00628331-00628522 than light speeds was effectively
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01978-00628523-00629129 impossible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01979-00629130-00629654 topic traveller
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01980-00629655-00630012 in traveler hyperspace is referred to as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01981-00630013-00630245 jump space an alternate-dimension
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01982-00630246-00630564 universe accessed using a jump drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01983-00630565-00630827 which rely on the rare earth element
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01984-00630828-00631037 lanthanum and which uses an immense
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01985-00631038-00631331 amount of power to create an artificial
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01986-00631332-00631620 singularity inside the drive drives it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01987-00631621-00631860 out of normal space and then uses
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01988-00631861-00632133 hydrogen gas to literally inflate the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01989-00632134-00632414 singularity creating a bubble of jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01990-00632415-00632820 space in which the ship exists the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01991-00632821-00633126 is totally alone in jump space even if
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01992-00633127-00633420 another ship jumps very close but far
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01993-00633421-00633714 enough to avoid field overlap each ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01994-00633715-00633885 will be alone in their respective
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01995-00633886-00634283 bubbles of jump space a ship in jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01996-00634284-00634595 space cannot be contacted by any sort of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01997-00634596-00634933 means even by another ship in jump space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01998-00634934-00635235 the distance traveled during a jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-01999-00635236-00635481 varies depending on the drive class
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02000-00635482-00635754 which is measured in how many parsecs
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02001-00635755-00636095 one jump will carry a ship the most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02002-00636096-00636383 unusual thing about jumping traveling
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02003-00636384-00636681 through jump space is that all travel no
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02004-00636682-00636952 matter the distance takes around a week
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02005-00636953-00637241 this is because that is the amount of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02006-00637242-00637497 time that the bubble of jump space is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02007-00637498-00637691 able to maintain itself before
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02008-00637692-00637964 collapsing putting the ship back in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02009-00637965-00638304 normal space traveling through jump
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02010-00638305-00638720 space is done by riding quantum levels
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02011-00638721-00639143 higher levels go faster and are able to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02012-00639144-00639491 transport ships higher distances the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02013-00639492-00639708 distance that a ship travels as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02014-00639709-00639983 dependent on what level it uses higher
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02015-00639984-00640295 class drives use higher levels to travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02016-00640296-00640695 more distance in a single jump velocity
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02017-00640696-00640964 is meaningless in jump space as movement
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02018-00640965-00641283 happens by quantum mechanics but energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02019-00641284-00641562 is still conserved so a ship coming out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02020-00641563-00641760 of jump space will have the same
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02021-00641761-00642006 velocity and heading as it did when it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02022-00642007-00642383 entered jump space in addition it is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02023-00642384-00642668 impossible to change direction or really
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02024-00642669-00642990 move in jump space as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02025-00642991-00643269 any gravity fields and really any force
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02026-00643270-00643548 similar severely affects the bubble of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02027-00643549-00643808 jump space and would cause it to at best
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02028-00643809-00644088 collapse prematurely putting the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02029-00644089-00644454 back into real space it is for this
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02030-00644455-00644718 reason that it is standard procedure for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02031-00644719-00644991 a jump as to form the bubble 100
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02032-00644992-00645303 diameters away from a planet star or
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02033-00645304-00645955 other gravity well
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02034-00645956-00646466 topic wall-e
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02035-00646467-00646817 the Pixar animated film wall-e and it's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02036-00646818-00647111 spin-off short film Burnie feature a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02037-00647112-00647432 Star Wars like depiction of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02038-00647433-00647723 where spacecraft can travel at very high
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02039-00647724-00648074 speeds the starship axiom travels in a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02040-00648075-00648299 few seconds from outside the solar
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02041-00648300-00648659 system to the earth as a spacecraft
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02042-00648660-00648941 travels through hyperspace after a hyper
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02043-00648942-00649229 jump the objects on it appear distorted
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02044-00649230-00649517 and all the non fixed objects fall to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02045-00649518-00649742 the rear of the craft or on the nearest
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02046-00649743-00650201 fixed object as the Starliner travels in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02047-00650202-00650480 the two films outside the craft there
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02048-00650481-00650735 are distorted line shaped images of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02049-00650736-00651080 stars similar to the ones in Star Wars
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02050-00651081-00651350 which are used in a parody Act seen in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02051-00651351-00651599 Boerne as the we can see them in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02052-00651600-00651833 titular characters visor like the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02053-00651834-00652058 colored stripes on Bowman's helmets
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02054-00652059-00652904 glass in 2001 a Space Odyssey
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02055-00652905-00653558 topic Warhammer 40,000
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02056-00653559-00653889 in the Warhammer 40,000 fictional
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02057-00653890-00654327 universe created in 1987 human starships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02058-00654328-00654701 are able to enter the warp or the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02059-00654702-00655058 immaterial a parallel dimension that is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02060-00655059-00655329 the domain of the consciousness of every
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02061-00655330-00655583 sentient being in the universe and also
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02062-00655584-00656006 the realm of chaos Imperial ships and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02063-00656007-00656253 others use it for faster than light
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02064-00656254-00656595 travel a relatively unsafe operation due
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02065-00656596-00656960 to the warps unpredictable nature ships
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02066-00656961-00657195 are known to emerge from the warp many
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02067-00657196-00657402 hundreds of light-years from their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02068-00657403-00657689 intended destinations and time wise many
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02069-00657690-00657947 earth years decades or even centuries
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02070-00657948-00658203 after they had been expected to arrive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02071-00658204-00658547 the time dilating effect means ships can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02072-00658548-00658743 arrive before the date their journey
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02073-00658744-00659133 started the Emperor of mankind perhaps
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02074-00659134-00659441 the most powerful psyche ever provides a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02075-00659442-00659691 psychic magnetic north for human
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02076-00659692-00659931 navigated starships attempting to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02077-00659932-00660197 traverse the warp called the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02078-00660198-00660447 astronomical it is the only feasible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02079-00660448-00660743 means for navigating the warp and so
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02080-00660744-00661022 making interstellar travel possible for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02081-00661023-00661428 the Imperium Imperial starships require
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02082-00661429-00661685 a special force shield known as the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02083-00661686-00662016 Geller field that creates a real space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02084-00662017-00662328 bubble around the ship when in warp
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02085-00662329-00662672 space in James swallows Horus heresy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02086-00662673-00662991 novel the flight of the Eisenstein book
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02087-00662992-00663293 four of the Horus heresy book series a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02088-00663294-00663543 description of the inside of a ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02089-00663544-00663797 whose Geller field had failed as given
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02090-00663798-00664101 the Tau however do not register in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02091-00664102-00664408 warp and therefore cannot truly enter it
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02092-00664409-00664739 but by studying the warp drives from
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02093-00664740-00665025 other species they developed a method in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02094-00665026-00665403 which their ships dive towards the warp
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02095-00665404-00665691 and are then catapulted away back into
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02096-00665692-00666051 real space while this is much safer than
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02097-00666052-00666306 actually entering the warp it is much
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02098-00666307-00666492 slower
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02099-00666493-00666768 the hive fleets of the tyranids do not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02100-00666769-00667047 travel through the warp but instead rely
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02101-00667048-00667344 on small Narvel bio ships which are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02102-00667345-00667585 capable of harnessing of planetary
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02103-00667586-00667869 systems gravity from immense distances
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02104-00667870-00668142 away to create a corridor of compressed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02105-00668143-00668421 space through which Terran advices can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02106-00668422-00668664 travel towards the system at a swift
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02107-00668665-00669031 rate whilst slower than proper warp
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02108-00669032-00669404 travel this method is much more reliable
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02109-00669405-00669816 the Eldar and a parasitic sub race the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02110-00669817-00670098 Dark Eldar use a system of jump gates
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02111-00670099-00670473 known as the web Way matrix which
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02112-00670474-00670767 operates using an expansive series of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02113-00670768-00671125 ancient tunnels in the warp that are
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02114-00671126-00671421 immune to the influences of chaos or the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02115-00671422-00671850 usual perils of warp travel however the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02116-00671851-00672090 scope and nature of the web way as is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02117-00672091-00672325 yet unknown to the vast majority of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02118-00672326-00672712 mankind the race of necrons may have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02119-00672713-00672981 used a similar system at some point in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02120-00672982-00673231 their past but use an inertialess drive
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02121-00673232-00673786 now
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02122-00673787-00674347 topic Xenosaga
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02123-00674348-00674657 in the video game series Xenosaga
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02124-00674658-00675038 published 1998 for the PlayStation 2
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02125-00675039-00675338 console people routinely travel long
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02126-00675339-00675715 distances in space through hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02127-00675716-00676043 hyperspace in the Xenosaga universe as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02128-00676044-00676307 realm of alternative space that looks
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02129-00676308-00676595 like a long tube or column similar to a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02130-00676596-00676982 wormhole in this space a starship can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02131-00676983-00677189 accelerate to faster-than-light speeds
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02132-00677190-00677507 without experiencing the time dilation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02133-00677508-00677777 effects normally experienced when
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02134-00677778-00678020 approaching the speed of light in normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02135-00678021-00678389 space only spaceships equipped with a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02136-00678390-00678722 special forcefield can enter hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02137-00678723-00679019 because exposure to hyperspace even for
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02138-00679020-00679283 short period of time as hazardous to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02139-00679284-00679655 unprotected humans in order to enter
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02140-00679656-00679940 hyperspace a ship must go to a specific
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02141-00679941-00680264 area in space known as a column area
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02142-00680265-00680597 column areas are places where ships can
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02143-00680598-00680899 safely gate into and out of hyperspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02144-00680900-00681212 they can be found all over the universe
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02145-00681213-00681470 and are separated by less than a day's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02146-00681471-00681878 travel at sublight speeds navigating
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02147-00681879-00682184 hyperspace requires entering a column
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02148-00682185-00682478 area and finding a corresponding point
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02149-00682479-00682747 within the universe spanning navigation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02150-00682748-00682972 network known as the eunice mundus
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02151-00682973-00683441 network um n the um n transportation
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02152-00683442-00683722 gate management facility controls the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02153-00683723-00684017 use of column areas and clearance must
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02154-00684018-00684278 be granted before hyperspace can be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02155-00684279-00684833 entered
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02156-00684834-00685247 topic c.j cherries alliance union
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02157-00685248-00685804 universe compact series
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02158-00685805-00686185 you
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02159-00686186-00686774 topic other forms
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02160-00686775-00687122 other forms of hyperspace usually have
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02161-00687123-00687416 the same properties however some allowed
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02162-00687417-00687658 travel throughout time as well as space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02163-00687659-00688169 eg dr. whose time vortex popular names
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02164-00688170-00688436 include warp space slipstream and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02165-00688437-00688940 subspace XO space as a hyperspace like
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02166-00688941-00689177 parallel dimension featured in the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02167-00689178-00689444 Valerie and and Laura line comics and in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02168-00689445-00689693 the film Valyrian and the city of a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02169-00689694-00690008 thousand planets where spacecraft travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02170-00690009-00690302 usually helped by an autopilot to other
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02171-00690303-00690722 places in time and space for some reason
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02172-00690723-00690977 the crew of the spacecraft has to be
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02173-00690978-00691238 sitted in their piloting pods during the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02174-00691239-00691670 exits from XO space slipstream as a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02175-00691671-00691952 method of traveling faster than light in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02176-00691953-00692320 the television series and dromeda
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02177-00692321-00692696 2002-2005 according to the show a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02178-00692697-00692984 gravity field generator drastically
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02179-00692985-00693236 reduces the mass of the ship and then a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02180-00693237-00693497 slipstream drive opens a slip point
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02181-00693498-00693845 which the ship enters the pilot then
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02182-00693846-00694085 navigates the series of slipstream
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02183-00694086-00694436 tunnels until they reach the desired
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02184-00694437-00694619 slip point where they exit the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02185-00694620-00694954 slipstream slipstream has the unusual
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02186-00694955-00695258 property that it cannot be navigated by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02187-00695259-00695497 machine based intelligence however
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02188-00695498-00695927 advanced only organic sentient beings
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02189-00695928-00696158 are capable of selecting the correct
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02190-00696159-00696325 path
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02191-00696326-00696781 pelo 2001 onward also uses slipstream
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02192-00696782-00697062 called slipstream space and generally
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02193-00697063-00697308 shortened to slip space albeit with
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02194-00697309-00697533 different capabilities from that of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02195-00697534-00697968 Andromeda humans using sha Fujikawa
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02196-00697969-00698268 translight engines can tear black holes
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02197-00698269-00698572 in known space which quickly evaporate
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02198-00698573-00698962 creating a hole in space this puts a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02199-00698963-00699258 human ship into 11 non-dimensional
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02200-00699259-00699631 slipspace human technology only goes so
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02201-00699632-00699910 far and the ship usually comes out
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02202-00699911-00700258 several kilometers off target their
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02203-00700259-00700624 maximum speed is universally under 1000
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02204-00700625-00700968 C covenant ships have drastically more
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02205-00700969-00701247 accurate precision in this matter along
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02206-00701248-00701862 with much faster speeds 336,000 c halo
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02207-00701863-00702229 contact harvest describes it as if one
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02208-00702230-00702483 imagined the universe as a sheet of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02209-00702484-00702816 paper slipspace was the same sheet of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02210-00702817-00703272 paper crumpled into a tight ball
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02211-00703273-00703582 interspace see also a footnote above
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02212-00703583-00703993 under known space series knive n' in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02213-00703994-00704214 combing back through time by Mike
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02214-00704215-00704508 Atkinson this is used to step a visual
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02215-00704509-00704722 history recording probe through the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02216-00704723-00705130 fourth dimension overdrive in the works
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02217-00705131-00705352 of science fiction writer Murray
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02218-00705353-00705430 Leinster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02219-00705431-00705818 first SF story the runaway skyscraper
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02220-00705819-00706170 1919 overdrive as a method of faster
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02221-00706171-00706435 than light travel by a field of energy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02222-00706436-00706654 called an overdrive field first
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02223-00706655-00707137 appearing in first contact 1945 when the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02224-00707138-00707439 overdrive field is activated the ship
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02225-00707440-00707658 then enters a dimensional subspace
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02226-00707659-00708100 moving 30 times faster than light most
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02227-00708101-00708372 of this power is held in batteries and
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02228-00708373-00708631 recharged when the overdrive field is
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02229-00708632-00708904 turned off this method of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02230-00708905-00709170 faster-than-light travel as common in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02231-00709171-00709381 his works where faster than light travel
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02232-00709382-00709612 is used though the stories are not
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02233-00709613-00710056 connected in any other way spin dizzy
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02234-00710057-00710295 the spin dizzy from James Blish as'
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02235-00710296-00710974 Cities in flight series 1955 to 1962 as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02236-00710975-00711250 well as the haertl overdrive in several
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02237-00711251-00711532 other novels are described as creating a
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02238-00711533-00711789 small spacetime bubble in which the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02239-00711790-00712152 spacecraft travels the ship therefore
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02240-00712153-00712477 occupies a space-time continuum where
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02241-00712478-00712743 effect such as the Lorenz Fitzgerald
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02242-00712744-00713131 contraction do not apply the space-time
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02243-00713132-00713389 created by the spin dizzy or haertl
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02244-00713390-00713622 overdrive can be considered a small
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02245-00713623-00714120 self-contained hyperspace plane space as
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02246-00714121-00714393 the form of faster-than-light travel in
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02247-00714394-00714637 the crest of the stars and banner of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02248-00714638-00715064 stars both 1996 onward series written by
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02249-00715065-00715474 Hiroyuki Morioka it is only accessible
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02250-00715475-00715839 via swords making ones located near star
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02251-00715840-00716210 systems of high strategic value
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02252-00716211-00716552 Asch less funnel in Arwen ellis Dayton's
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02253-00716553-00716918 resurrection 2001 the Kinley race has
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02254-00716919-00717224 developed a device called the ash less
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02255-00717225-00717568 funnel which harvests energy directly
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02256-00717569-00717920 from atomic mass this allowed a normal
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02257-00717921-00718264 fusion drive to warp space instead of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02258-00718265-00718495 traveling to another dimension
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02259-00718496-00718820 however the field created an end clave
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02260-00718821-00719193 where the normal rules didn't apply
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02261-00719194-00719593 other space in the text-based massively
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02262-00719594-00719887 multiplayer online role-playing game of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02263-00719888-00720170 the same name other space as a mystical
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02264-00720171-00720458 space folding dimension long the leap to
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02265-00720459-00720701 only be navigable by transdimensional
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02266-00720702-00721112 beings called high vers governments were
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02267-00721113-00721328 required to make treaties with these
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02268-00721329-00721574 beings and keep one on board each of
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02269-00721575-00721816 their ships in order to make use of the
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02270-00721817-00722614 FTL properties of the dimension
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02271-00722615-00723543 topic see also four-dimensional space
+GNoQYbZlI8Q-02272-00723544-00723881 spacecraft propulsion
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00001-00005119-00005291 right
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00002-00005292-00006678 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00003-00006679-00007191 foreign
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00004-00007192-00007205 [Applause]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00005-00007206-00008671 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00006-00008672-00011583 is
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00007-00011584-00012078 foreign
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00008-00012079-00013758 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00009-00013759-00015222 me
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00010-00015223-00015894 me
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00011-00015895-00016272 cc
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00012-00016274-00018230 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00013-00018231-00019839 six
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00014-00019840-00020855 foreign
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00015-00020856-00022375 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00016-00022376-00022694 foreign
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00017-00022695-00023118 is
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00018-00023119-00023784 [Music]
+Gp3KltHs4dc-00019-00023785-00024108 [Applause]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00000-00000631-00000782 you're never gonna make it you're not
+GO0WTYE98QE-00001-00000783-00000911 good enough there's a million other
+GO0WTYE98QE-00002-00000911-00001039 people with the same stuff you really
+GO0WTYE98QE-00003-00001040-00001158 think you're different man you must be
+GO0WTYE98QE-00004-00001159-00001287 kidding think you're gonna hit it but
+GO0WTYE98QE-00005-00001288-00001439 you just don't get it it's impossible
+GO0WTYE98QE-00006-00001440-00001614 it's not probable you're responsible too
+GO0WTYE98QE-00007-00001616-00001775 many obstacles you gotta stop you know
+GO0WTYE98QE-00008-00001776-00001918 you gotta take it slow you can't be a
+GO0WTYE98QE-00009-00001919-00002055 pro don't waste your time no more who
+GO0WTYE98QE-00010-00002056-00002215 the [__] are you to tell me what to do i
+GO0WTYE98QE-00011-00002216-00002318 don't give a damn if you say you
+GO0WTYE98QE-00012-00002319-00002471 disapprove i'm gonna make my move i'm
+GO0WTYE98QE-00013-00002472-00002607 gonna make it soon and i'll do it cause
+GO0WTYE98QE-00014-00002608-00002758 that's what i wanna [__] do cause all
+GO0WTYE98QE-00015-00002759-00002902 these opinions and all these positions
+GO0WTYE98QE-00016-00002903-00003031 they coming in millions they blocking
+GO0WTYE98QE-00017-00003032-00003175 your vision but no you can't listen that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00018-00003176-00003303 [__] is all fiction cause you hold the
+GO0WTYE98QE-00019-00003304-00004327 power as long as you're
+GO0WTYE98QE-00020-00004328-00004686 but you're dreaming gonna make it
+GO0WTYE98QE-00021-00004687-00005375 are you just gonna take that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00022-00005376-00005718 don't tell me you believe that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00023-00005719-00006022 are you just gonna take that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00024-00006023-00006448 hold on
+GO0WTYE98QE-00025-00006450-00007551 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00026-00007552-00007831 back
+GO0WTYE98QE-00027-00007831-00008863 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00028-00008864-00009006 you ain't gonna make it you ain't never
+GO0WTYE98QE-00029-00009007-00009142 ever gonna break it you can never beat
+GO0WTYE98QE-00030-00009143-00009255 them and they're better than you face it
+GO0WTYE98QE-00031-00009256-00009342 thinking that they're giving them you're
+GO0WTYE98QE-00032-00009343-00009510 not thinking no they don't give a damn
+GO0WTYE98QE-00033-00009511-00009646 you got what i'm saying i'm not [__]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00034-00009647-00009855 playing i'll give it to you straight man
+GO0WTYE98QE-00035-00009856-00011263 you're not that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00036-00011264-00012551 you better
+GO0WTYE98QE-00037-00012552-00012887 but you're never gonna make
+GO0WTYE98QE-00038-00012888-00013951 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00039-00013952-00014247 are you just gonna take that
+GO0WTYE98QE-00040-00014247-00014678 oh will you [__] fight back
+GO0WTYE98QE-00041-00014679-00016222 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00042-00016223-00016458 good
+GO0WTYE98QE-00043-00016459-00017886 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00044-00017887-00019607 so
+GO0WTYE98QE-00045-00019608-00020127 oh
+GO0WTYE98QE-00046-00020128-00020711 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00047-00020712-00021543 oh my god why is
+GO0WTYE98QE-00048-00021544-00021845 me
+GO0WTYE98QE-00049-00021846-00022520 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00050-00022521-00023550 [Music]
+GO0WTYE98QE-00051-00023551-00023900 why you always
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00000-00002664-00002958 okay so we'll start
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00001-00002959-00003175 hello on behalf of this csds i welcome
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00002-00003176-00003286 you all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00003-00003288-00003470 today we will be discussing my colleague
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00004-00003471-00003735 batman banerjee's recent book elementary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00005-00003736-00003927 aspects of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00006-00003928-00004143 histories from the global south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00007-00004144-00004343 published by duke university press in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00008-00004344-00004511 2020
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00009-00004512-00004670 a south asian edition is also now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00010-00004671-00004983 available from orient black swan
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00011-00004984-00005215 for today's event our chair is professor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00012-00005216-00005406 thomas blom hanson
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00013-00005407-00005567 he's professor of anthropology at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00014-00005568-00005815 stanford university he's the author of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00015-00005816-00005934 many books
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00016-00005935-00006215 and essays as you know including
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00017-00006216-00006518 the saffron wave democracy and hindu
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00018-00006519-00006767 nationalism in modern india princeton
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00019-00006768-00006927 1999
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00020-00006928-00007223 wages of violence naming and identity in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00021-00007223-00007559 postcolonial bombay princeton 2001
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00022-00007559-00007870 melancholia of freedom social life in an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00023-00007872-00008087 indian township in south africa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00024-00008088-00008327 princeton 2012
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00025-00008328-00008455 the law of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00026-00008456-00008703 force the violent heart of indian
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00027-00008704-00009119 politics alif books 2021 professor blam
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00028-00009120-00009414 hansen over to you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00029-00009415-00009671 thank you very much and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00030-00009672-00009910 thank you for giving me the opportunity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00031-00009911-00010159 to share this event
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00032-00010160-00010423 and thank you pratima for for giving us
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00033-00010424-00010638 a wonderful book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00034-00010639-00010935 i'm really pleased to be part of this i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00035-00010936-00011167 greatly enjoyed reading the book and i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00036-00011168-00011303 look forward to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00037-00011304-00011487 the conversation that we're going to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00038-00011488-00011806 have i would say just by
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00039-00011807-00012055 force to start i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00040-00012056-00012310 one thing i thought of when i read the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00041-00012311-00012487 book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00042-00012488-00012623 was that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00043-00012624-00012863 for years if not decades we have thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00044-00012863-00013119 about we have been talking about how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00045-00013119-00013343 important it is to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00046-00013344-00013671 think of um political concepts in india
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00047-00013672-00013855 political theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00048-00013856-00014086 in india not necessarily always drawing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00049-00014087-00014351 from the big iconic figures but actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00050-00014352-00014566 from that very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00051-00014568-00014799 vigorous layer of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00052-00014800-00015007 debate that's been going on for for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00053-00015008-00015247 generations on the subcontinent in many
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00054-00015247-00015383 languages
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00055-00015384-00015575 and i think that's what you're doing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00056-00015576-00015791 you're actually giving us a slice of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00057-00015791-00016086 that from mainly from bengal but also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00058-00016087-00016303 with uh from other parts of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00059-00016304-00016479 the subcontinent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00060-00016480-00016630 and i think you're realizing some of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00061-00016631-00016879 that you're actually setting a fantastic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00062-00016880-00017086 example i think of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00063-00017087-00017239 tapping into
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00064-00017240-00017615 conversations conceptual uh innovations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00065-00017616-00017958 uh long-standing uh debates that are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00066-00017959-00018279 that are not necessarily uh have not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00067-00018280-00018479 made it into the sort of iconic history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00068-00018480-00018686 of ideas of the subcontinent and that's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00069-00018687-00018958 uh i want to thank you for this is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00070-00018959-00019271 really amazing job you have done
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00071-00019272-00019511 so and the book for anyone who hasn't
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00072-00019512-00019750 read it it's part history it's cultural
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00073-00019751-00020030 studies it's cultural history it's all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00074-00020031-00020247 of these things um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00075-00020248-00020558 a conceptual history for south asia in a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00076-00020559-00020735 way that's uh that's really very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00077-00020736-00020919 enlightening so thank you for that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00078-00020920-00021083 what we're gonna do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00079-00021084-00021447 um is that we will start ask pratima to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00080-00021448-00021703 begin to give a 10 minutes summary of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00081-00021704-00021878 some of the main arguments
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00082-00021879-00022007 of the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00083-00022008-00022094 and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00084-00022095-00022319 then we'll go to our three
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00085-00022320-00022543 discussions we have professor sunil
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00086-00022544-00022822 amrit professor simoni simon sonny and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00087-00022823-00023078 professor ravi vasudevan i'll introduce
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00088-00023079-00023294 each of them before they speak each of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00089-00023295-00023511 them will have about 20 minutes for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00090-00023512-00023630 questions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00091-00023631-00023830 comments a little bit back and forth
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00092-00023831-00024119 with pratima and then we'll open up for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00093-00024120-00024191 a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00094-00024192-00024486 broader audience if you have questions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00095-00024487-00024719 comments at that time we hope to stay
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00096-00024720-00024927 within a two-hour limit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00097-00024928-00025286 pratima it's all yours
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00098-00025287-00025471 thank you thomas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00099-00025472-00025687 um it's a great honor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00100-00025688-00025918 to have uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00101-00025919-00026143 you speak to my book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00102-00026144-00026446 i have all these are scholars whose work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00103-00026447-00026702 has been quite central to my thinking so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00104-00026704-00026927 it's a very special moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00105-00026927-00027231 and also a book discussion in my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00106-00027232-00027311 own
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00107-00027312-00027590 institution i thank you boydeek for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00108-00027591-00027774 pushing me to do this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00109-00027775-00027983 so it's really a very very special
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00110-00027983-00028158 moment so thank you very much from my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00111-00028160-00028295 side
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00112-00028295-00028567 okay so here goes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00113-00028568-00028735 the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00114-00028736-00028974 elementary aspects
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00115-00028975-00029214 studies the rise of modern politics in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00116-00029216-00029318 india
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00117-00029319-00029670 between the mid 19th and the mid 20th
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00118-00029672-00029831 century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00119-00029832-00030102 with a view to rethinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00120-00030103-00030502 what we today know as the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00121-00030503-00030831 it comes out of our shared concern
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00122-00030832-00030999 with the political condition of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00123-00031000-00031102 planet
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00124-00031103-00031335 which has put under question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00125-00031336-00031702 entrenched political ideals and concepts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00126-00031703-00031911 be it democracy or equality or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00127-00031912-00032311 liberalism or indeed humanity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00128-00032312-00032558 so this book tries
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00129-00032560-00032831 one possible approach
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00130-00032832-00033039 towards our contemporary political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00131-00033040-00033199 predicament
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00132-00033200-00033415 which is to go back to the beginning as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00133-00033416-00033751 it were and rewrite the genealogies of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00134-00033752-00034071 our modern day political grammar
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00135-00034072-00034359 which i suggest is best done
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00136-00034360-00034767 from a counter location in my case india
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00137-00034768-00035007 but it could well be black in america or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00138-00035008-00035271 the maghreb or haiti
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00139-00035272-00035679 erstwhile colonies which best expose the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00140-00035680-00035974 chinks in the armor of hegemonic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00141-00035975-00036302 european political philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00142-00036303-00036423 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00143-00036424-00036711 following modern common sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00144-00036712-00036967 which assumes that politics has to do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00145-00036968-00037174 with either political subjectivity or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00146-00037175-00037487 political community or political action
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00147-00037488-00037727 or political ideology
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00148-00037728-00037918 i begin the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00149-00037919-00038239 by disassembling the political into what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00150-00038240-00038543 i call somewhat tongue-in-cheek
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00151-00038544-00038935 it's elementary aspects namely self
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00152-00038936-00039302 people action and idea
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00153-00039303-00039735 then i set out to historicize each of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00154-00039736-00039902 these elements
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00155-00039903-00040239 and explore the complex processes that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00156-00040240-00040590 go into the making of practices that we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00157-00040591-00040767 today recognize
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00158-00040768-00041023 as decidedly political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00159-00041024-00041295 be it renunciation or real politic or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00160-00041296-00041590 sacrifice or martyrdom or hunger strike
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00161-00041591-00041999 or labor strike struggle party vanguard
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00162-00042000-00042302 crowd representation and so on and so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00163-00042303-00042487 forth
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00164-00042488-00042783 now i try to show through this history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00165-00042784-00042999 how each element
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00166-00043000-00043351 of the political is actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00167-00043352-00043487 queered
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00168-00043488-00043855 by an irresoluble historical instability
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00169-00043856-00044183 even split at its very heart
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00170-00044184-00044471 which is why i analyze each element in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00171-00044472-00044711 two contrasting chapters
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00172-00044712-00045023 meant to highlight the tension
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00173-00045024-00045295 so the political subject is split
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00174-00045296-00045567 by the tension between renunciation and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00175-00045568-00045718 real politic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00176-00045719-00045823 action
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00177-00045824-00046158 between nishkama karma and labor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00178-00046159-00046367 with their contrasting means end
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00179-00046368-00046543 configuration
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00180-00046544-00046767 the political idea
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00181-00046768-00046935 torn between
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00182-00046936-00047223 its relationship to the economic and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00183-00047224-00047479 religious the mundane and the supra
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00184-00047480-00047671 mundane as it were
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00185-00047672-00047983 the people forever strung between
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00186-00047984-00048215 being pure structure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00187-00048216-00048486 as in the political party which i argue
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00188-00048487-00048774 actually makes the nation form thinkable
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00189-00048775-00048927 in the first place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00190-00048928-00049127 and pure fiction
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00191-00049128-00049439 which i argue is a matter of aesthetics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00192-00049440-00049718 and futurity rather than culture and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00193-00049719-00049927 history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00194-00049928-00050239 so if the modern political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00195-00050240-00050567 by virtue of its historically untenable
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00196-00050568-00050951 elements is an unstable formation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00197-00050952-00051199 always teetering at the edge
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00198-00051200-00051590 where subject people idea and act
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00199-00051591-00051726 break into
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00200-00051727-00052007 irresolute binaries and impossible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00201-00052008-00052166 choices
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00202-00052167-00052487 how does the modern political function
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00203-00052488-00052766 in the first place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00204-00052767-00053175 my answer is that modern politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00205-00053176-00053471 operates not on the basis of any
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00206-00053472-00053703 irreducible principle
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00207-00053704-00053950 which is a priori recognizable as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00208-00053951-00054071 political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00209-00054072-00054326 but through a disciplinary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00210-00054327-00054487 differentiation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00211-00054488-00054654 of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00212-00054655-00055054 from the non-political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00213-00055055-00055223 this might sound
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00214-00055224-00055454 somewhat counterintuitive because we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00215-00055455-00055726 tend to think today that everything is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00216-00055727-00056071 political without remainder
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00217-00056072-00056287 but i argue in the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00218-00056288-00056535 that the modern that modern political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00219-00056536-00056863 imaginaries actually depend
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00220-00056864-00057199 on mobilizing various domains of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00221-00057200-00057366 non-political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00222-00057367-00057638 variously the religious the sexual the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00223-00057639-00057966 social the artistic the economic the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00224-00057967-00058111 scientific
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00225-00058112-00058375 etc
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00226-00058376-00058559 in other words the political is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00227-00058560-00058819 product of a constant political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00228-00058820-00059119 non-political dialectic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00229-00059120-00059438 by which the political as defined in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00230-00059439-00059687 terms of what it posits as the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00231-00059688-00059959 non-political and then
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00232-00059960-00060342 the so-called non-political is shown up
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00233-00060344-00060438 as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00234-00060439-00060766 as political as ever so feminists
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00235-00060767-00060991 politicize the sexual marxists
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00236-00060991-00061238 politicize the economic race and caste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00237-00061239-00061638 theories politicize the social and so on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00238-00061639-00061950 i call this the persistent political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00239-00061951-00062159 non-political dynamic through which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00240-00062160-00062366 modern thought works
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00241-00062367-00062654 reproducing the political itself as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00242-00062655-00062871 axiomatic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00243-00062872-00063023 self-evident
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00244-00063024-00063223 and universal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00245-00063224-00063599 a concept which resists any fundamental
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00246-00063600-00063863 rethinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00247-00063864-00064175 i then go on to contrast the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00248-00064176-00064479 non-political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00249-00064479-00064911 to what i call the extra political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00250-00064912-00065182 if the non-political is that which makes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00251-00065183-00065543 possible a disciplinary delimitation of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00252-00065544-00065815 the political and modern times so for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00253-00065816-00066055 example in the discipline of economics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00254-00066056-00066335 the assumed autotellic domain of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00255-00066336-00066455 market
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00256-00066456-00066735 is the definitional non-political that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00257-00066736-00067023 shores up the idea of the political the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00258-00067024-00067350 state law and so on and so forth
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00259-00067351-00067606 so if the non-political is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00260-00067607-00067703 what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00261-00067704-00067926 defines the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00262-00067927-00068223 the extra political i argue
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00263-00068224-00068647 is that which actively refuses a ready
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00264-00068648-00068935 political resolution
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00265-00068936-00069215 and therefore denotes the force the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00266-00069216-00069526 imperative that threatens to implode
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00267-00069527-00069823 politics as we know it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00268-00069824-00070135 so take for example the planetary and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00269-00070136-00070326 the cosmological
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00270-00070327-00070623 which have forced us today to ask
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00271-00070624-00070975 how does politics of justice look
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00272-00070976-00071335 when we factor in the non-human
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00273-00071336-00071831 be it a god or a virus or a machine
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00274-00071832-00072087 the extra political in this sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00275-00072088-00072382 indexes the limit even the possible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00276-00072383-00072599 exhaustion of the political and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00277-00072600-00072791 therefore forces us to ask the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00278-00072792-00073215 unthinkable question if not politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00279-00073216-00073326 then
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00280-00073327-00073575 what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00281-00073576-00073711 finally
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00282-00073712-00074111 a word about political philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00283-00074112-00074215 while
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00284-00074216-00074455 this book may appear to be as much a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00285-00074456-00074687 work of political philosophy as it is of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00286-00074688-00074831 history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00287-00074832-00075071 it is actually driven
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00288-00075072-00075415 by a critique of philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00289-00075416-00075706 philosophy as that traditional
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00290-00075707-00075871 metadiscipline
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00291-00075872-00076215 primarily european in its provenance
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00292-00076216-00076526 which claims to explain politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00293-00076527-00076855 better than any other form of thought in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00294-00076856-00077079 the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00295-00077080-00077438 in india and in most other post colonies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00296-00077439-00077575 i would guess
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00297-00077576-00077855 we remain caught up in a curious double
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00298-00077856-00077999 bind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00299-00078000-00078262 we believe that we are an intensely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00300-00078263-00078415 political people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00301-00078416-00078862 and yet we lack political philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00302-00078863-00079150 we compensate by either borrowing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00303-00079151-00079367 concepts from western european political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00304-00079368-00079694 philosophy or simply critiquing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00305-00079695-00079950 their eurocentrism
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00306-00079951-00080103 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00307-00080104-00080391 we do not ask questions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00308-00080392-00080743 of the epistemological formation that we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00309-00080744-00081006 call philosophy today
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00310-00081007-00081406 nor do we interrogate philosophies claim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00311-00081407-00081871 of a privileged access to politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00312-00081872-00082255 so in this book i try to resist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00313-00082256-00082543 political philosophy's hegemonic claim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00314-00082544-00082775 over political language
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00315-00082776-00083215 and show up philosophy as merely one of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00316-00083216-00083359 many players
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00317-00083360-00083647 perhaps even a besieged player in the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00318-00083648-00083894 field of politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00319-00083895-00084038 i suggest
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00320-00084039-00084303 that in questioning the self-evidence of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00321-00084304-00084703 the political we must also redefine
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00322-00084704-00085071 what we call the philosophical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00323-00085072-00085415 and more importantly we must creatively
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00324-00085416-00085518 play
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00325-00085519-00085779 with differently configured
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00326-00085780-00085935 relationships
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00327-00085936-00086150 between the philosophical and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00328-00086151-00086294 historical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00329-00086295-00086743 that is the conceptual and the empirical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00330-00086744-00086815 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00331-00086816-00087055 i do not spend much time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00332-00087056-00087350 in trying to show how modern political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00333-00087351-00087638 concepts historically produced as they
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00334-00087639-00087855 were in a certain western european
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00335-00087856-00088326 location and then pitched as universal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00336-00088327-00088567 are unhelpful to the study of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00337-00088568-00088831 non-european contexts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00338-00088832-00089062 because post-colonial and d colonial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00339-00089063-00089391 scholars have already done this exercise
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00340-00089392-00089575 beautifully
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00341-00089576-00090031 instead i suggest that it is now time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00342-00090032-00090391 to move on from the task of critique
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00343-00090392-00090735 be it decolonial or postcolonial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00344-00090736-00091079 and undertake the more positive and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00345-00091080-00091247 creative task
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00346-00091248-00091326 of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00347-00091327-00091647 imagining other possible formations of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00348-00091648-00092006 the political from out of other archives
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00349-00092007-00092255 and other histories
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00350-00092256-00092615 hence the gesture towards the global
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00351-00092616-00092871 south in the title of the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00352-00092872-00093199 even though i write
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00353-00093200-00093638 from india of india without any claim to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00354-00093639-00093782 represent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00355-00093783-00094167 all global southern voices
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00356-00094168-00094455 the gesture towards global south which i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00357-00094456-00094743 therefore should clarify i see as a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00358-00094744-00095023 geopolitical non-place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00359-00095024-00095191 as it were
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00360-00095192-00095543 i see it as an intellectual conjuncture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00361-00095544-00095847 where scholars of different regions and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00362-00095848-00095991 languages
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00363-00095992-00096326 can virtually collaborate to rethink
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00364-00096327-00096591 politics and the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00365-00096592-00097038 and in the process hopefully also become
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00366-00097039-00097150 free
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00367-00097151-00097311 and equal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00368-00097312-00097687 theoretical subjects of the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00369-00097688-00097871 so i'll stop here for the moment thank
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00370-00097872-00098215 you so much again
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00371-00098216-00098479 thank you very much pratima uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00372-00098480-00098679 listening to pratima
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00373-00098680-00098823 gives you a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00374-00098824-00099047 taste of what the book is like it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00375-00099048-00099318 passionate it's clear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00376-00099319-00099662 and it has a beautiful architecture so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00377-00099663-00099831 please go and read it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00378-00099832-00100038 i now invite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00379-00100039-00100231 sunil amrit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00380-00100232-00100526 to be the first uh commentator sunil
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00381-00100527-00100774 amrit is the reno and anna darvin
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00382-00100775-00101023 professor of history at yale university
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00383-00101024-00101238 his research focuses on the movements of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00384-00101239-00101487 people and the ecological processes that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00385-00101488-00101711 have connected south and southeast asia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00386-00101712-00101871 with particular interest in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00387-00101872-00102111 environmental history and the history of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00388-00102112-00102247 migration
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00389-00102248-00102527 he is the 2017 macarthur fellow
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00390-00102528-00102823 recipient of the 2016 emphasis prize in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00391-00102824-00103006 the humanities
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00392-00103007-00103166 he's the author of several books
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00393-00103167-00103415 including crossing the bay of bengal the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00394-00103416-00103615 furies of nature and the fortunes of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00395-00103616-00103886 migrants from 2013
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00396-00103888-00104471 and unruly waters from 2018 sunil i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00397-00104472-00104623 invite you to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00398-00104624-00104815 offer comments and i will time you and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00399-00104816-00104999 give you a little sign when we have five
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00400-00105000-00105223 minutes left okay
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00401-00105224-00105366 thank you so much thomas for that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00402-00105367-00105551 generous introduction and thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00403-00105552-00105734 boitik for inviting me it's really a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00404-00105735-00105999 pleasure to be here um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00405-00106000-00106151 wonderful to have this opportunity to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00406-00106152-00106407 engage with prathama's brilliant book um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00407-00106408-00106895 and to be at csds albeit virtually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00408-00106896-00107095 so brother i read your book with a sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00409-00107096-00107302 of finding something i had been looking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00410-00107303-00107527 for for a long time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00411-00107528-00107734 um in so many conversations i've had
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00412-00107735-00108027 over the years with my students about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00413-00108028-00108302 decolonizing intellectual history or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00414-00108303-00108583 political theory um i think we've shared
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00415-00108583-00108783 a sense of a mismatch between that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00416-00108783-00108951 aspiration
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00417-00108952-00109183 and the tools that we had or the tools
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00418-00109183-00109583 we thought to deploy to achieve it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00419-00109583-00109823 this is a work of political theory and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00420-00109824-00110095 intellectual history that does not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00421-00110096-00110383 instinctively inevitably turn to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00422-00110383-00110478 crutch
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00423-00110479-00110671 of the western european
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00424-00110672-00110878 canon
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00425-00110879-00111054 what i'd like to focus on in in these
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00426-00111055-00111383 few minutes is is to reflect on place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00427-00111383-00111727 and location um and scale in the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00428-00111728-00111975 and i think it's enormously suggestive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00429-00111976-00112151 on all of those counts and in fact i'll
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00430-00112152-00112358 pick up on on the last point you made in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00431-00112359-00112734 your wonderful oral comments just now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00432-00112735-00112902 prathama writes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00433-00112903-00113215 i write from and about a location that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00434-00113216-00113566 is variously called bengal india south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00435-00113567-00113639 asia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00436-00113640-00113807 the subcontinent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00437-00113808-00114166 erstwhile third world global south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00438-00114167-00114358 with the aim of mobilizing other
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00439-00114359-00114575 histories that she points out are only
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00440-00114576-00114734 contingently
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00441-00114735-00114871 indian
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00442-00114872-00115158 and i love that formulation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00443-00115159-00115319 and i'd like to spend a little bit of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00444-00115320-00115471 time thinking about the different senses
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00445-00115472-00115695 of the global south invoked in brother
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00446-00115696-00115975 most title and present in the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00447-00115976-00116158 the first is the one that radhima you've
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00448-00116159-00116366 just mentioned which is a sort of a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00449-00116367-00116534 gesture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00450-00116535-00116695 quoting from the book a claim of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00451-00116696-00116863 solidarity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00452-00116864-00117078 with the intellectual mobilization
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00453-00117079-00117278 happening around that term
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00454-00117279-00117447 in academies of distant regions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00455-00117448-00117671 including the d colonial institutional
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00456-00117672-00118047 sites of africa and latin america
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00457-00118048-00118358 the second sense of course is historical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00458-00118359-00118551 prathama writes of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00459-00118552-00118895 the criss-crossing thought circuits
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00460-00118896-00119143 and thought regions where ideas have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00461-00119144-00119295 passed through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00462-00119296-00119543 india southeast asia and china india the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00463-00119544-00119919 mediterranean and the arab world um and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00464-00119920-00120086 perhaps there's even a sense that the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00465-00120088-00120358 global south as a term flattens some of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00466-00120359-00120631 those very specific and distinctive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00467-00120632-00120966 circuits um what prathama calls shifting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00468-00120967-00121119 cartographies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00469-00121120-00121295 of thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00470-00121296-00121527 and it's on this point of shifting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00471-00121528-00121807 cartographies that i'd like to rest for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00472-00121808-00121902 a few
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00473-00121903-00122199 minutes one of my questions is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00474-00122200-00122447 is there a place for an idea of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00475-00122448-00122734 neighborly proximity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00476-00122735-00123054 in writing histories of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00477-00123055-00123175 because i think if there's been a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00478-00123176-00123478 limitation to the historical recovery of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00479-00123479-00123799 these other circuits and thought regions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00480-00123800-00123983 that limitation has probably been the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00481-00123983-00124247 temptation of nostalgia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00482-00124248-00124471 this has certainly plagued the field of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00483-00124472-00124647 indian ocean history in which i have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00484-00124648-00124958 done some work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00485-00124959-00125127 and i think smithy srinivasa's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00486-00125128-00125319 collective project on indian ocean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00487-00125320-00125534 worlds was refreshing precisely because
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00488-00125535-00125775 she refused to see the indian ocean as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00489-00125776-00126047 only a historical space asking instead
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00490-00126048-00126254 how those earlier circuits
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00491-00126255-00126614 really shape histories of the present
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00492-00126615-00126831 and so one of my reflections and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00493-00126832-00127078 questions is is whether those specific
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00494-00127079-00127199 circuits
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00495-00127200-00127447 may still have value to us not just as a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00496-00127448-00127743 point of origin or as a resource
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00497-00127744-00127983 but in the sense that they are still
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00498-00127983-00128166 generative
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00499-00128167-00128486 um let me be more specific
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00500-00128488-00128775 as i read platinum's book i was struck
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00501-00128776-00129134 repeatedly by how resonant it is or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00502-00129135-00129239 could be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00503-00129240-00129614 in relation to indonesia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00504-00129615-00129823 not indonesia as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00505-00129824-00130039 a part of the global south large but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00506-00130040-00130263 really indonesia as indonesia and i want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00507-00130264-00130558 to just reflect on that a little bit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00508-00130559-00130775 particularly in the chapter on economic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00509-00130776-00131087 reason and equality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00510-00131088-00131375 i read that with in my mind a sort of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00511-00131376-00131631 counterpoint going on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00512-00131632-00131878 of the history of indonesia in 1910s and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00513-00131879-00132014 1920s
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00514-00132015-00132254 as studied in takashi shiraishi's age in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00515-00132255-00132359 motion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00516-00132360-00132559 or the current dissertation project of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00517-00132560-00132814 the brilliant kelvin um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00518-00132815-00133078 prathama's evocative discussion of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00519-00133079-00133319 eminent turn to the history of islam for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00520-00133320-00133590 example as an original impulse for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00521-00133591-00133839 politics of equality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00522-00133840-00134031 reminded me how fully roy was in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00523-00134032-00134254 conversation with indonesian figures who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00524-00134255-00134559 were engaged in a similar into a weaving
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00525-00134560-00134759 of the spiritual and the economic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00526-00134760-00134902 figures like
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00527-00134903-00135175 chokraminoto co-founder of the sarikat
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00528-00135176-00135487 islam and author of a book called islam
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00529-00135488-00135783 communism islam and communism
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00530-00135784-00136047 figure like tan malacca but it also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00531-00136048-00136335 brought to my mind a bit later a sukarno
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00532-00136336-00136623 who turned not only to islam but also to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00533-00136624-00136951 the hindu-derived cosmology still alive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00534-00136952-00137087 in javanese
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00535-00137088-00137375 culture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00536-00137376-00137647 having thought through indonesia while i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00537-00137648-00137887 was reading your book though i paused
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00538-00137888-00138063 i asked myself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00539-00138064-00138302 was i not in a sense provincializing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00540-00138303-00138583 prathama's book putting it back into a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00541-00138584-00138814 kind of area studies container
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00542-00138815-00138990 suggesting that perhaps you know the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00543-00138991-00139359 closest residence is with a society
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00544-00139360-00139502 that india has been linked with in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00545-00139503-00139775 multiple ways within those other kinds
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00546-00139776-00139983 of borders precisely what i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00547-00139984-00140311 prathama's book aims and succeeds at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00548-00140312-00140487 transcending
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00549-00140488-00140863 i don't think it has to be that way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00550-00140864-00141023 i think there are many ways in which we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00551-00141024-00141254 could make sense of why it is that in my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00552-00141255-00141502 mind for example indonesia loomed very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00553-00141503-00141790 large while i was reading the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00554-00141791-00141911 one path
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00555-00141912-00142151 was the path taken by a figure who does
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00556-00142152-00142351 appear in pratham's book that's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00557-00142352-00142614 kalidasanag
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00558-00142615-00142790 she invokes him as a proponent of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00559-00142791-00143014 idea that cortillian political reason
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00560-00143015-00143326 had been abandoned in india
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00561-00143327-00143566 a decade after that writing of course he
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00562-00143567-00143839 was a major proponent of the greater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00563-00143840-00144078 india idea and one of the key members of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00564-00144079-00144407 the greater india society of calcutta
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00565-00144408-00144575 and they insisted on a deep
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00566-00144576-00144831 civilizational bond between india and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00567-00144832-00145007 southeast asia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00568-00145008-00145199 but a hierarchical one
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00569-00145200-00145366 in which india was the fount of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00570-00145367-00145654 spiritual wisdom gratefully received
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00571-00145655-00145919 across the bay of bengal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00572-00145920-00146183 tagore echoed a bit of this sense in his
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00573-00146184-00146454 travel writings on southeast asia albeit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00574-00146455-00146647 qualified by i think a more genuine
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00575-00146648-00146935 curiosity about actually existing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00576-00146936-00147254 cultural practices in sayam java and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00577-00147255-00147383 bali
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00578-00147384-00147647 in a sense the greater india vision was
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00579-00147648-00147966 quite contrary to a horizontal idea like
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00580-00147967-00148231 the global south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00581-00148232-00148463 a second path connecting india and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00582-00148464-00148654 indonesia lies in good old-fashioned
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00583-00148655-00148807 comparativism
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00584-00148808-00148999 there was a project in the 1980s that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00585-00149000-00149223 was known as the yogya delhi leiden
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00586-00149224-00149471 cambridge project to compare early
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00587-00149472-00149759 modern india and indonesia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00588-00149760-00149975 taking that further chronologically d.a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00589-00149976-00150119 lowe once wrote a piece called
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00590-00150120-00150447 counterpart experiences comparing almost
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00591-00150448-00150631 point by point the emergence of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00592-00150632-00150839 nationalist politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00593-00150840-00150951 in the two
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00594-00150952-00151166 countries
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00595-00151167-00151359 but i think the most fruitful way to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00596-00151360-00151623 think india and indonesia together is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00597-00151624-00151854 the root inspired directly by the spirit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00598-00151855-00152102 of prathama's book which she describes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00599-00152103-00152239 like this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00600-00152240-00152431 the facility of thinking across
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00601-00152432-00152683 histories and traditions without being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00602-00152684-00152935 comparativist calls for a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00603-00152936-00153047 likeness
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00604-00153048-00153199 of being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00605-00153200-00153423 she invokes the contemporaneity of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00606-00153424-00153631 different pasts and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00607-00153632-00153935 an adventurous time travel which i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00608-00153936-00154207 is exactly right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00609-00154208-00154447 it is exactly that contemporaneity of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00610-00154448-00154663 different pasts but also perhaps of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00611-00154664-00154831 different spaces
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00612-00154832-00155102 that we see to take just one example in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00613-00155103-00155359 the use of waiankuli the shadow puppet
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00614-00155360-00155631 plays of stories from the ramayana as a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00615-00155632-00155895 mode of critique under suharto's new
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00616-00155896-00156166 order regime in late 20th century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00617-00156167-00156375 indonesia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00618-00156376-00156566 i think there are many
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00619-00156567-00156863 overlapping scales to put it another way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00620-00156864-00157031 on which we could write histories of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00621-00157032-00157239 political in the spirit of prathama's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00622-00157240-00157526 book and to do so we could go back to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00623-00157527-00157751 these shifting cartographies of thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00624-00157752-00157999 not only in a spirit of recovery but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00625-00158000-00158095 also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00626-00158096-00158487 in prathama's words a spirit of play so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00627-00158488-00158719 we think india and indonesia together
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00628-00158720-00158919 not because of a sort of civilizational
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00629-00158920-00159183 history not simply because we might
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00630-00159184-00159414 consider them both asian colonial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00631-00159415-00159614 societies but because there are many
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00632-00159615-00159775 other ways i think in which we can make
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00633-00159776-00160014 that link which leap perhaps a little
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00634-00160015-00160254 bit more across spatial as well as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00635-00160255-00160566 temporal boundaries
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00636-00160567-00160751 i don't want to take up too much time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00637-00160752-00160943 i'd love to to to have a conversation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00638-00160944-00161087 with pratham and i certainly want to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00639-00161088-00161254 hear from everyone else but i just want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00640-00161255-00161431 to make one other observation about the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00641-00161432-00161623 book which again i think brother you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00642-00161624-00161814 gestured to in your oral comments at the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00643-00161815-00161983 beginning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00644-00161984-00162190 this is stimulated by our current
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00645-00162191-00162390 circumstances
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00646-00162391-00162599 but mostly by just four words in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00647-00162600-00162799 prathama's epilogue which i think are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00648-00162800-00163135 hugely suggestive ones
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00649-00163136-00163343 prathama writes in a beautiful passage
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00650-00163344-00163583 and middle of elementary aspects that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00651-00163584-00163871 the economic and the spiritual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00652-00163872-00164183 dwell on pre-social aspects of human
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00653-00164184-00164278 life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00654-00164279-00164463 in its animality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00655-00164464-00164775 mortality desire and intimacy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00656-00164776-00165071 wherein humans reappear as a species
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00657-00165072-00165366 being rather than divided by names and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00658-00165367-00165607 identities
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00659-00165608-00165814 four key words she adds to this in the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00660-00165815-00165951 epilogue
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00661-00165952-00166231 this extra political aspect of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00662-00166232-00166359 economic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00663-00166360-00166583 like that of the spiritual and more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00664-00166584-00166831 recently the ecological
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00665-00166832-00167159 marks out the limit of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00666-00167160-00167390 i find profoundly stimulating this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00667-00167391-00167566 question of how and how far the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00668-00167567-00167751 ecological two
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00669-00167752-00168014 now functions as a limit of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00670-00168015-00168271 political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00671-00168272-00168495 it brought to my mind prasanji duara's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00672-00168496-00168807 book the crisis of global modernity um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00673-00168808-00168966 in which he argues in a sense that the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00674-00168967-00169238 spiritual qualifies the ecological in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00675-00169239-00169431 the same way that prathama shows that it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00676-00169432-00169647 qualifies the economic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00677-00169648-00169847 what do i call ideologies of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00678-00169848-00170119 transcendence play a crucial role in how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00679-00170120-00170399 an apprehension of the ecological
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00680-00170400-00170607 translates into understandings of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00681-00170608-00170919 justice and equality including different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00682-00170920-00171166 varieties of interspecies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00683-00171167-00171414 equality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00684-00171415-00171590 this may be the key to how we should
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00685-00171591-00171799 understand this new extra political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00686-00171800-00172063 ecological without the transition
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00687-00172064-00172254 narratives that prathama rightly calls
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00688-00172255-00172478 into question which is empire to nation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00689-00172479-00172831 to global to planetary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00690-00172832-00173095 so there too are staying with my spatial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00691-00173096-00173287 theme i wonder if there is a fruitful
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00692-00173288-00173502 space in the midst of that leap from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00693-00173503-00173814 nation to world to planet that we could
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00694-00173815-00174047 rest at for some time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00695-00174048-00174247 for some thinkers like duara they remain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00696-00174248-00174495 invested in asia as the name for that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00697-00174496-00174766 space his subtitle is asian traditions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00698-00174767-00174983 and the planetary future
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00699-00174984-00175247 for others that space may be the global
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00700-00175248-00175390 south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00701-00175391-00175638 and i see yet other configurations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00702-00175639-00175863 emerging and one of the most um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00703-00175864-00176038 exciting and moving workshops i've
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00704-00176039-00176254 attended recently was a several day-long
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00705-00176255-00176438 conference organized by the himalayan
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00706-00176439-00176638 universities consortium
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00707-00176639-00176790 this is mostly the work of young
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00708-00176791-00176959 scholars since it was a collaboration
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00709-00176960-00177263 across northeastern india nepal bhutan
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00710-00177264-00177431 and china
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00711-00177432-00177751 and the workshop was called storying
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00712-00177752-00178095 climes across the himalayas the andes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00713-00178096-00178231 and the arctic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00714-00178232-00178519 and in a sense the spatial frame was to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00715-00178520-00178863 think about both the altitudinal and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00716-00178864-00179183 latitudinal high places
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00717-00179184-00179343 and very different spatial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00718-00179344-00179614 configurations i think came out of that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00719-00179615-00179878 and that whole work was precisely about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00720-00179879-00180183 the integrating of the ecological and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00721-00180184-00180454 the spiritual with a spatial frame sort
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00722-00180455-00180551 of being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00723-00180552-00180743 provided in different ways and at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00724-00180744-00181102 different scales at the same time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00725-00181103-00181343 so this is a brilliant book prathama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00726-00181344-00181543 which will stimulate debate i think for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00727-00181544-00181743 years and years to come
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00728-00181744-00181902 and i will end for everyone just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00729-00181903-00182038 especially for those who haven't read it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00730-00182039-00182271 with my favorite passages in the book in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00731-00182272-00182487 which prathama talks of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00732-00182488-00182775 unprecedented chords and productive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00733-00182776-00182911 discords
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00734-00182912-00183247 by way of making music separately
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00735-00183248-00183407 together
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00736-00183408-00183607 this brings to my mind the great ornette
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00737-00183608-00183863 coleman who said the theme you play at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00738-00183864-00184078 the start of the number is the territory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00739-00184079-00184287 and what comes after which may have very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00740-00184288-00184599 little to do with it is the adventure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00741-00184600-00184887 the prathama's book stakes new territory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00742-00184888-00185143 and then leads us into a collective
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00743-00185144-00186543 adventure thank you very much
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00744-00186544-00186726 thank you very much i have some trouble
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00745-00186727-00186975 with my computer here uh thank you so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00746-00186976-00187143 much sunil uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00747-00187144-00187319 pratima you want to respond we still
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00748-00187320-00187750 have five six minutes left seven
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00749-00187751-00187950 yeah well uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00750-00187951-00188150 yes thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00751-00188151-00188254 sunil
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00752-00188255-00188566 my primary response is to say wow
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00753-00188567-00188847 uh which is to say that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00754-00188848-00189238 um you have taken some of my ideas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00755-00189239-00189535 to places that i had not ventured
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00756-00189536-00189847 and i think that's what i mean by
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00757-00189848-00190159 making music together separately i have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00758-00190160-00190407 read your work i have also read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00759-00190408-00190678 some of the fantastic work that is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00760-00190679-00190847 coming out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00761-00190848-00191207 uh post the connected histories moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00762-00191208-00191407 oceanic histories and now i did not know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00763-00191408-00191702 of this uh you know the histories of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00764-00191703-00191863 high places of the world it sounds
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00765-00191864-00192095 fantastic and different ways of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00766-00192096-00192471 imagining spatiality and regionality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00767-00192472-00192566 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00768-00192567-00192783 so that's something that i need to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00769-00192784-00192983 really learn more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00770-00192984-00193166 uh because we have all i mean because i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00771-00193167-00193454 certainly have been trained
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00772-00193455-00193766 in a certain archival system
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00773-00193767-00193938 which is obviously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00774-00193939-00194247 nation-based and language based
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00775-00194248-00194623 right so uh the move towards
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00776-00194624-00194711 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00777-00194712-00195023 what literature people have done with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00778-00195024-00195247 greater seamlessness of you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00779-00195248-00195471 thinking across translations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00780-00195472-00195814 comes hard to historians who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00781-00195815-00195990 are so language focused and region
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00782-00195991-00196311 focused in archive so i am learning and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00783-00196312-00196526 your book is one of the books that have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00784-00196527-00196943 opened my eyes as have books on recent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00785-00196944-00197166 books on the ecological uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00786-00197167-00197447 the planetary crisis that one is reading
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00787-00197448-00197623 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00788-00197624-00197878 so uh that's about the response i have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00789-00197879-00198063 it's just you know you're carrying the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00790-00198064-00198431 ideas in directions that are important
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00791-00198432-00198775 for me uh and i will nurture those
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00792-00198776-00198966 uh i've kind of taken notes i'll nurture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00793-00198967-00199271 those points just one quick point about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00794-00199272-00199550 the spiritual and the ecological which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00795-00199551-00199654 portion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00796-00199655-00199966 makes but a lot of dos santos makes it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00797-00199967-00200311 for uh latin america that's a very uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00798-00200312-00200719 very widely shared imagination
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00799-00200720-00200807 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00800-00200808-00201111 on the other hand there is a very strong
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00801-00201112-00201359 argument being made these days
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00802-00201360-00201447 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00803-00201448-00201695 uh and most lately most recently by the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00804-00201696-00201871 bachelor properties climate of history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00805-00201872-00202319 book which is to say that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00806-00202320-00202766 we have to also think the machinic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00807-00202767-00202854 and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00808-00202855-00203054 the oceanic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00809-00203055-00203311 and the astral
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00810-00203312-00203575 places which humans
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00811-00203576-00203719 have not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00812-00203720-00203863 imagined
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00813-00203864-00203990 and have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00814-00203991-00204326 have not populated with gods
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00815-00204327-00204550 as as they have the hill and the forest
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00816-00204551-00204687 and the river
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00817-00204688-00204894 and what does one do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00818-00204896-00205038 with those
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00819-00205039-00205327 that are that have not been translated
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00820-00205328-00205631 into the spiritual existential question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00821-00205632-00205831 so that's a question that i'm thinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00822-00205832-00206055 with and i have no
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00823-00206056-00206231 response so i'll just leave it at that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00824-00206232-00206334 thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00825-00206335-00206655 fantastic thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00826-00206656-00206951 thank you uh sunil you want to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00827-00206952-00207158 anything we have a few more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00828-00207159-00207279 minutes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00829-00207280-00207534 just just to say that that that parting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00830-00207535-00207727 thought of bradamas i think is is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00831-00207728-00208023 exactly right i mean i think there are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00832-00208023-00208206 it's one thing to think about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00833-00208207-00208423 hills and rivers in ways which in a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00834-00208423-00208686 sense we can do trans-historically and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00835-00208687-00208982 across cultures but but it it is quite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00836-00208983-00209190 possibly true that now the extra
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00837-00209191-00209423 political ecological kind of takes us
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00838-00209423-00209694 into realms that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00839-00209696-00209903 we we haven't hinted yet and and so i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00840-00209904-00210006 think you know that's one of the reasons
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00841-00210007-00210142 why i think that's sort of parting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00842-00210144-00210263 thought in the book is such a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00843-00210264-00210423 stimulating one partly because i don't
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00844-00210423-00210591 think you know we're all grappling
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00845-00210592-00210758 towards answers to what that might look
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00846-00210759-00211215 like um but thank you very much
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00847-00211216-00211463 all right thank you very much we will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00848-00211464-00211767 move on to the next discussion and that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00849-00211767-00212087 is professor simona sonny who teaches in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00850-00212088-00212255 the department of humanities and social
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00851-00212256-00212487 sciences iit delhi
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00852-00212488-00212710 her research interests include early
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00853-00212711-00212967 literature modern indian literature
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00854-00212967-00213239 political theory and literary theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00855-00213240-00213471 she is the author of the modernity of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00856-00213471-00213791 sanskrit from 2008 as well as several
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00857-00213792-00213942 published essays
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00858-00213944-00214206 her translation of jaspal's hindi novel
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00859-00214207-00214446 dada comrade from 1941
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00860-00214448-00214663 is false coming from penguin and she's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00861-00214664-00214879 currently finishing work on a co-edited
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00862-00214880-00215158 volume titled yarspal gender and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00863-00215159-00215358 revolutionary thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00864-00215359-00215558 she's been a senior co-editor of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00865-00215559-00215782 journal of cultural critique for over 10
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00866-00215783-00215879 years
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00867-00215880-00216767 simona it's all yours
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00868-00216767-00217079 unmute yourself please yes i just stood
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00869-00217080-00217534 it's that tricky thing okay yes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00870-00217535-00217782 thank you so much
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00871-00217783-00217934 thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00872-00217935-00218158 for inviting me and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00873-00218159-00218255 thanks
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00874-00218256-00218439 boydek and prathama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00875-00218440-00218551 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00876-00218552-00218775 for organizing this panel
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00877-00218776-00218998 so i first want to congratulate prathama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00878-00219000-00219351 for having written this beautiful book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00879-00219352-00219658 extremely rich and complex
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00880-00219659-00219927 breathtakingly erudite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00881-00219928-00220206 and yet astonishingly pleasurable to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00882-00220207-00220463 read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00883-00220464-00220623 like many of you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00884-00220623-00220910 i know that prathama wrote this book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00885-00220911-00221191 partly during a devastating time in her
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00886-00221192-00221319 life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00887-00221319-00221679 a period of painful morning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00888-00221680-00221894 i can only hope that writing this book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00889-00221896-00222271 may have provided a sanctuary perhaps a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00890-00222271-00222694 refuge for her at that time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00891-00222696-00222951 i learned so much from reading it and i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00892-00222952-00223206 must confess learned so much about my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00893-00223207-00223398 own ignorance
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00894-00223400-00223623 it is not just that we need to learn
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00895-00223623-00223871 from other non-european intellectual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00896-00223871-00224103 traditions as the book suggests in its
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00897-00224104-00224239 conclusion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00898-00224240-00224479 some of us at least are in dire need of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00899-00224480-00224663 an education in the intellectual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00900-00224664-00225031 traditions of other indian languages
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00901-00225032-00225263 for example so much of what brahma
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00902-00225264-00225382 discusses
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00903-00225383-00225582 in terms of the political debates of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00904-00225583-00225791 twenties and the thirties
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00905-00225792-00226023 resonates with my own work on pagat
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00906-00226023-00226287 saying yashwal and their comrades
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00907-00226288-00226494 and yet as i discovered while reading
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00908-00226496-00226742 this book there is much in the bengali
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00909-00226744-00227039 archive that i have not yet read so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00910-00227040-00227239 before all else i'd like to thank
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00911-00227240-00227439 prathama for giving me a fabulous
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00912-00227440-00227687 reading list
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00913-00227688-00227855 while it is a privilege for me to be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00914-00227856-00228127 here it is also rather daunting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00915-00228128-00228375 i wish i'd had more time to read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00916-00228376-00228623 this book carefully to think more about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00917-00228623-00228863 it and to say something more substantive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00918-00228864-00229158 than what i can offer today
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00919-00229159-00229351 this seems however to be the condition
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00920-00229352-00229646 of our lives we are doomed as it were to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00921-00229648-00229871 live with the constitutive conviction
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00922-00229871-00230151 that we can never do justice either to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00923-00230152-00230455 our own work or to the work of others
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00924-00230456-00230863 so without further apology let me begin
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00925-00230864-00231079 towards the end of this book a book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00926-00231080-00231310 devoted as you already know to thinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00927-00231311-00231558 about the political and its elements
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00928-00231559-00231831 prathama mentions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00929-00231832-00231919 claim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00930-00231919-00232191 that in india one finds the most
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00931-00232192-00232494 provocative discussions of modernity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00932-00232496-00232782 in literary rather than in non-fictional
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00933-00232783-00233031 or discursive works
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00934-00233032-00233223 and that hence we should perhaps
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00935-00233223-00233431 consider the idea
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00936-00233432-00233887 of imagining a rasa of modernity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00937-00233888-00234103 following from this prathama herself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00938-00234104-00234351 wonders whether radical 20th century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00939-00234352-00234551 literature in india may not have been
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00940-00234552-00234839 striving for what she calls the rasa of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00941-00234840-00234998 the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00942-00235000-00235206 i found this to be a very provocative
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00943-00235207-00235471 question for all sorts of reasons
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00944-00235471-00235782 could there be a rasa of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00945-00235783-00235967 i would like to keep this question on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00946-00235967-00236271 the horizon and return to it at the end
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00947-00236271-00236527 of my talk
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00948-00236528-00236751 in her introduction prathama lays out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00949-00236752-00237071 the broad outlines of her concerns
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00950-00237071-00237351 these concerns at one level at least are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00951-00237352-00237575 entirely postcolonial and indeed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00952-00237576-00237823 historical there are concerns about the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00953-00237823-00238103 privilege assumed in global intellectual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00954-00238104-00238431 thought by western european philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00955-00238432-00238679 first as european and second as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00956-00238680-00238855 philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00957-00238856-00239055 in thinking about the relation between
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00958-00239056-00239319 philosophy and history and its
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00959-00239319-00239503 implications for understanding the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00960-00239504-00239839 political prathama writes and i quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00961-00239840-00240103 western european political philosophy as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00962-00240104-00240323 we know it today
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00963-00240323-00240598 simultaneously mobilizes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00964-00240600-00241055 and erases traces of its own historicity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00965-00241056-00241279 first by grounding itself in local
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00966-00241280-00241527 historical events such as the french
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00967-00241528-00241791 revolution or the industrial revolution
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00968-00241792-00242094 and second by turning these empirical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00969-00242096-00242439 events into universal philosophical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00970-00242440-00242591 archetypes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00971-00242592-00242855 the result is a hierarchy not only
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00972-00242856-00243127 between philosophy and history but also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00973-00243128-00243398 between history and history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00974-00243400-00243606 between a history that claims to be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00975-00243607-00243855 philosophically salient
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00976-00243856-00244103 and other histories that cannot make
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00977-00244104-00244239 such a claim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00978-00244240-00244494 the latter remain confined to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00979-00244496-00244894 register of the empirical end quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00980-00244896-00245158 so this is not exactly the same argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00981-00245159-00245406 yet it did remind me of the argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00982-00245407-00245615 made some time ago by professor gopal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00983-00245616-00245887 guru about the caste divide in indian
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00984-00245888-00246142 social sciences between theoretical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00985-00246144-00246455 brahmins and empirical shudras
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00986-00246456-00246687 but where is professor guru ended his
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00987-00246688-00246919 reflections by making a forceful
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00988-00246919-00247279 argument about the social necessity of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00989-00247280-00247630 theory for dalits prathama makes a very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00990-00247631-00247775 different move
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00991-00247776-00248039 she wants in her own words and i quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00992-00248040-00248391 again to displace philosophy itself from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00993-00248392-00248591 being the natural ground of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00994-00248592-00248823 political end quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00995-00248823-00249151 she wants to denaturalize as she says it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00996-00249152-00249558 the coupling of politics and philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00997-00249559-00249775 now i found these early sections of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00998-00249776-00250046 book extremely thought provoking but i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-00999-00250048-00250294 also felt that they went too quickly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01000-00250296-00250663 over some extremely complicated terrain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01001-00250664-00250951 in fact if i have one complaint against
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01002-00250952-00251191 the book as a whole it is that it goes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01003-00251192-00251342 too fast
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01004-00251344-00251567 some sometimes that left me feeling
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01005-00251567-00251815 astonished at the skill with which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01006-00251816-00252030 prathama was able to juxtapose and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01007-00252031-00252367 compare a range of diverse positions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01008-00252367-00252655 but at other times i wanted her to slow
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01009-00252656-00252951 down and explain her own arguments in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01010-00252952-00253151 greater detail
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01011-00253152-00253398 this fundamental and framing argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01012-00253400-00253646 regarding the political was one such
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01013-00253648-00253782 moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01014-00253783-00254063 as i understood it in arguing against
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01015-00254064-00254294 the priority of the philosophical and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01016-00254296-00254479 prathama mentioned that also in her
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01017-00254480-00254639 opening remarks
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01018-00254640-00254958 she is arguing against the priority of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01019-00254959-00255134 the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01020-00255135-00255303 over politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01021-00255304-00255463 that is to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01022-00255464-00255655 against the assumption that there is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01023-00255656-00255927 ground of the political and essence if
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01024-00255928-00256175 you will that precedes and structures
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01025-00256176-00256398 the everyday world of politics we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01026-00256400-00256527 inhabit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01027-00256528-00256758 she puts this very lucidly when she
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01028-00256759-00257094 writes and i'll again um quote from her
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01029-00257096-00257398 when i use the term the political i do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01030-00257400-00257694 not oppose it to politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01031-00257696-00258030 i do not believe that ordinary politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01032-00258031-00258342 this is prathama's language i do not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01033-00258344-00258606 believe that ordinary politics involving
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01034-00258607-00258975 elections parties mass media movements
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01035-00258976-00259303 is devoid of the political in the least
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01036-00259304-00259575 to say so is to express a philosopher's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01037-00259576-00259903 conceit and an incorrect fear of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01038-00259904-00260310 routine the everyday the massified a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01039-00260311-00260582 fear that has haunted western european
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01040-00260583-00260830 philosophical thinking right from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01041-00260831-00261063 time of the french revolution to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01042-00261064-00261398 late 19th and early 20th century debates
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01043-00261400-00261503 around
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01044-00261504-00261798 universal adult franchise and all the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01045-00261800-00262142 way to our fear of populist politics our
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01046-00262144-00262367 contemporary fear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01047-00262368-00262630 end quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01048-00262631-00262855 it seemed to me and i hope prathama will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01049-00262856-00263119 correct me if i'm misreading that there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01050-00263120-00263471 are two distinct moves here one has to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01051-00263472-00263703 do with hierarchy the kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01052-00263704-00263943 hierarchies that are also explored in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01053-00263944-00264134 other parts of the book for example
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01054-00264135-00264310 between the extraordinary and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01055-00264311-00264599 ordinary between decisive action and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01056-00264600-00264847 everyday acts between the vanguard and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01057-00264848-00265047 the hoi polloi
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01058-00265048-00265327 this hierarchy is distilled it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01059-00265328-00265519 condensed in the figure of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01060-00265520-00265799 philosopher facing the crowd
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01061-00265800-00266063 or if we were to use hana arendt's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01062-00266064-00266303 language in fact although i know that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01063-00266304-00266503 prathama was trying not to go into that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01064-00266504-00266719 terrain i found myself frequently
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01065-00266720-00267110 thinking of arendt as i read this book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01066-00267111-00267415 in the absolute privileging of truth and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01067-00267416-00267806 the subordination of doxa opinion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01068-00267807-00268095 indeed at times prathama's argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01069-00268096-00268406 seems almost to echo rns
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01070-00268407-00268623 for example in an essay she started
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01071-00268624-00268839 writing in 1954
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01072-00268840-00269134 hana aren't stages a revealing contrast
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01073-00269135-00269406 between socrates and plato
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01074-00269407-00269655 arguing that the platonic separation of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01075-00269656-00270071 truth and opinion was in fact profoundly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01076-00270072-00270303 anti-socratic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01077-00270304-00270687 and indeed arguing very strongly for a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01078-00270688-00270799 return
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01079-00270800-00271039 to the socratic insistence on the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01080-00271040-00271367 plurality of beings and opinions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01081-00271368-00271591 so i want to just read the last
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01082-00271592-00271863 paragraph of this essay by arendt so you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01083-00271864-00272103 can hear perhaps some of the resonances
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01084-00272104-00272327 with prathama's argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01085-00272328-00272534 so this is hana arendt
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01086-00272535-00272839 philosophy political philosophy like all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01087-00272840-00273143 its other branches will never be able to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01088-00273144-00273558 deny its origin in taumat sign
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01089-00273559-00273951 in the wonder at that which is as it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01090-00273952-00274327 if philosophers despite their necessary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01091-00274328-00274575 estrangement from the everyday life of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01092-00274576-00274727 human affairs
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01093-00274728-00275063 whatever to arrive at a true political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01094-00275064-00275358 philosophy they would have to make the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01095-00275359-00275599 plurality of man
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01096-00275600-00275910 out of which arises the whole realm of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01097-00275911-00276071 human affairs
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01098-00276072-00276415 the object of their faumat sign the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01099-00276416-00276663 object of their wonder
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01100-00276664-00276871 biblically speaking they would have to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01101-00276872-00277030 accept
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01102-00277031-00277263 as they accept in speechless wonder the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01103-00277264-00277534 miracle of the universe of man and of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01104-00277535-00277758 being they would have to accept the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01105-00277759-00278039 miracle that god did not create man but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01106-00278040-00278279 male and female created he them meaning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01107-00278280-00278423 different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01108-00278424-00278567 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01109-00278568-00279015 and then it goes on my question then is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01110-00279016-00279263 could we say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01111-00279264-00279543 that the conflict between truth and doxa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01112-00279544-00279806 essence and existence philosophy and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01113-00279807-00279927 politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01114-00279928-00280230 may indeed be internal to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01115-00280231-00280503 philosophical tradition itself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01116-00280504-00280903 and hence also to philosophy's idea of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01117-00280904-00281063 the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01118-00281064-00281303 by asking this question would i be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01119-00281304-00281543 taking prathama too far from her own
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01120-00281544-00281695 concerns
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01121-00281696-00281895 i'm not sure but it seems to me that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01122-00281896-00282151 aren't's concern about philosophy's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01123-00282152-00282471 distance from the everyday which she's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01124-00282472-00282758 asking philosophy to bridge
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01125-00282759-00283015 may not be entirely different from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01126-00283016-00283182 prathamas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01127-00283183-00283399 my second remark here has to do with the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01128-00283400-00283582 fear of the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01129-00283583-00283863 the quote hatred of democracy that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01130-00283864-00284015 prathama following
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01131-00284016-00284271 jacques rancier invokes in subsequent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01132-00284272-00284454 passages
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01133-00284455-00284791 how should we think of this fear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01134-00284792-00285063 is it really a modern fear in other
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01135-00285064-00285343 words does it tell us something specific
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01136-00285344-00285687 about the condition of modernity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01137-00285688-00285903 i have recently taught bhava bhuti's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01138-00285904-00286151 remarkable 8th century play uttar ram
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01139-00286152-00286471 charita so it is fresh in my mind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01140-00286472-00286782 the play is at once very progressive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01141-00286783-00287127 almost radical in the way it recasts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01142-00287128-00287382 indeed metamorphizes i would say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01143-00287383-00287551 valmiki's ram
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01144-00287552-00287782 and turns him into a character driven
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01145-00287783-00288206 primarily by karuna and not by veeraras
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01146-00288207-00288471 this is a ram who constantly laments
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01147-00288472-00288719 driving away sita who is horrified at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01148-00288720-00288958 his own act of beheading the shudra
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01149-00288959-00289206 ascetic shambhuka in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01150-00289207-00289495 short arama who seems most reluctant to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01151-00289496-00289806 play the historical role assigned to him
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01152-00289807-00290047 and yet in the end the play is also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01153-00290048-00290271 quite disappointing because in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01154-00290272-00290575 resurrecting a compassionate and almost
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01155-00290576-00290758 egalitarian realm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01156-00290759-00291151 it assigns all the blame to the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01157-00291152-00291391 it is only because he had to follow the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01158-00291392-00291734 will of the deluded vulgar unenlightened
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01159-00291735-00291903 people and that's how they are really
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01160-00291904-00292063 described
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01161-00292064-00292287 that rama had to commit such terrible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01162-00292288-00292375 acts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01163-00292376-00292551 my point is that in considering
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01164-00292552-00292854 genealogies of today's political figures
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01165-00292855-00293103 for example the figure of the people the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01166-00293104-00293351 masses it may also be rewarding to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01167-00293352-00293615 consider pre-modern figurations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01168-00293616-00293806 especially from some of these other
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01169-00293807-00294103 histories that we are today attempting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01170-00294104-00294599 to read a new to read together anew
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01171-00294600-00294782 so this is about the first move that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01172-00294783-00294958 prathama is making when she questions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01173-00294959-00295206 philosophy's privileged claim to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01174-00295207-00295447 ground or the flag or the frame of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01175-00295448-00295703 political as well as philosophy's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01176-00295704-00295967 disdain of everyday politics and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01177-00295968-00296127 ordinary people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01178-00296128-00296287 i hope it is clear that i am not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01179-00296288-00296519 contesting this move but rather
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01180-00296520-00296751 wondering whether prathama would like to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01181-00296752-00296975 say something more about it whether she
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01182-00296976-00297158 would like to develop some of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01183-00297159-00297479 extremely condensed arguments she
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01184-00297480-00297799 presents in her introduction
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01185-00297800-00298119 the second move however i find more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01186-00298120-00298279 puzzling
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01187-00298280-00298647 what i find puzzling is the following
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01188-00298648-00298934 it seems to me that it is one thing to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01189-00298935-00299223 point out that the philosophical image
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01190-00299224-00299591 of the political is a stunted image
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01191-00299592-00299871 or that's the philosophical and i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01192-00299872-00300134 one could even say here the religious or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01193-00300135-00300382 the spiritual tradition has always
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01194-00300383-00300695 belittled politics and seen it as the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01195-00300696-00301082 activity of a transient and material
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01196-00301083-00301391 world but it is quite another to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01197-00301392-00301734 that therefore we should not advance an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01198-00301735-00302063 idea of the political at all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01199-00302064-00302367 as i read the book and admittedly i read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01200-00302368-00302510 it in a hurry
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01201-00302511-00302791 prathama first poses the question what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01202-00302792-00302943 is the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01203-00302944-00303206 but then suggests that it is not the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01204-00303207-00303415 right question to ask
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01205-00303416-00303782 i will again cite from the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01206-00303783-00304039 and i quote here let me then refine my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01207-00304040-00304327 preliminary question this is prathama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01208-00304328-00304591 instead of asking what is the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01209-00304592-00304895 i now ask what is it that becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01210-00304896-00305182 political and in modern times assumes a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01211-00305183-00305495 kind of constitutive priority
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01212-00305496-00305727 this is obviously more a historical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01213-00305728-00305895 question than a philosophical one
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01214-00305896-00306079 because it does not presume that there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01215-00306080-00306295 is any one thing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01216-00306296-00306615 a force an essence an orientation a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01217-00306616-00306847 subjectivity a site
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01218-00306848-00307191 that is a priori or ontologically
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01219-00307192-00307487 political the political is not just a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01220-00307488-00307879 self-standing noun but an orientation a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01221-00307880-00308239 qualifier that is sometimes assumed or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01222-00308240-00308479 worn by subjects
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01223-00308480-00308823 forces acts and images irrespective of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01224-00308824-00309087 their origin what is political becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01225-00309088-00309463 so and does not remain forever end quote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01226-00309464-00309679 now even if we say that the political is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01227-00309680-00310006 an orientation or a transient occurrence
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01228-00310007-00310215 would we not need some way of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01229-00310216-00310415 recognizing it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01230-00310416-00310727 if we had no theory no concept of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01231-00310728-00311006 political how would we even know when
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01232-00311007-00311247 something has become political or when
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01233-00311248-00311503 it has ceased to be political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01234-00311504-00311727 it seemed to me at several moments that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01235-00311728-00311967 there is indeed a concept of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01236-00311968-00312215 political that traverses the book so for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01237-00312216-00312447 example it becomes clear when prathama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01238-00312448-00312799 uses um phrases like the purely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01239-00312800-00313103 political or the you know the absolutely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01240-00313104-00313423 political so there there is a concept of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01241-00313424-00313623 the political um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01242-00313624-00313710 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01243-00313711-00313975 even when uh prathama talks about its
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01244-00313976-00314223 imprecation with the economic and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01245-00314224-00314567 spiritual or the literary the sexual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01246-00314568-00314839 but that a kind of decision has been
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01247-00314840-00315167 made not to articulate it as such
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01248-00315168-00315463 instead it is articulated only in terms
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01249-00315464-00315806 of its elements self action idea and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01250-00315807-00315903 people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01251-00315904-00316143 furthermore and prathama herself pointed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01252-00316144-00316358 towards this at the beginning each
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01253-00316359-00316758 element hides within itself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01254-00316759-00317030 a kind of secret i love this phrase a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01255-00317031-00317382 secret implausibility
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01256-00317383-00317647 so we could say that each element is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01257-00317648-00317958 hence um catechestic that is to say it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01258-00317959-00318310 employs a figure to mask a fundamental
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01259-00318311-00318727 absence or nothingness
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01260-00318728-00318958 in a way i felt then that prathama is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01261-00318959-00319351 making an almost hegelian argument
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01262-00319352-00319606 that we should not think of the idea as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01263-00319607-00319927 existing prior to its actualization and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01264-00319928-00320182 that in its actualization there is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01265-00320183-00320471 always a slippage something unexpected
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01266-00320472-00320751 something odd and contingent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01267-00320752-00321110 such arguments about the finitude that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01268-00321111-00321491 inevitably beset an idea and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01269-00321492-00321903 heterogeneity of ends that stymies ideas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01270-00321904-00322239 are usually associated with tragedy but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01271-00322240-00322447 it seems to me that such ideas can be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01272-00322448-00322743 voiced either in a tragic or sometimes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01273-00322744-00323119 in a more hopeful or optimistic vein
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01274-00323120-00323334 in the work of david scott for example
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01275-00323335-00323543 it's been a while since i've read it but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01276-00323544-00323847 you know it came to mind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01277-00323848-00324167 this takes on a tragic dimension but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01278-00324168-00324367 there has also been criticism of his
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01279-00324368-00324591 reading of clr james
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01280-00324592-00324830 now my own sense is that prathama's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01281-00324831-00325103 argument about modern politics is not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01282-00325104-00325343 tragic in that sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01283-00325344-00325579 it is rather about the possible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01284-00325580-00325887 emancipatory potential of this finitude
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01285-00325888-00326079 of the idea
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01286-00326080-00326367 perhaps it passes through a sense of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01287-00326368-00326623 tragic as when she writes that today's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01288-00326624-00326927 politics stands unsettled across the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01289-00326928-00327182 world and when she laments the loss of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01290-00327183-00327495 any frame that would provide insight or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01291-00327496-00327678 direction to us
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01292-00327679-00327919 but as the book continues we see that in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01293-00327920-00328134 fact her interest lies in bringing to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01294-00328135-00328495 view the productive inventiveness with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01295-00328496-00328847 which political ideas interact divide
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01296-00328848-00329175 flourish and grow precisely because they
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01297-00329176-00329478 are not sabotaged as it were by a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01298-00329479-00329791 presumed purity of essence
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01299-00329792-00330134 and indeed as uh sunil also mentioned
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01300-00330135-00330319 the book concludes with the most
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01301-00330320-00330630 exhilarating invocation of freedom both
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01302-00330631-00331006 political and theoretical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01303-00331007-00331254 so in the end to return to the question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01304-00331255-00331534 with which i began can there be a rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01305-00331535-00331751 of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01306-00331752-00331951 i would really like to hear prathama's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01307-00331952-00332103 thoughts on this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01308-00332104-00332382 my own sense is that rasa at least as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01309-00332383-00332623 abhinav gupta writes about it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01310-00332624-00333023 resolutely allow kick and otherworldly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01311-00333024-00333334 and that its very distinction lies in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01312-00333335-00333447 this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01313-00333448-00333630 perhaps this is a very rudimentary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01314-00333631-00333775 understanding
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01315-00333776-00334071 moreover as i recall rasa is always
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01316-00334072-00334215 pleasurable
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01317-00334216-00334423 could one imagine a rasa of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01318-00334424-00334682 political that would always be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01319-00334683-00334903 pleasurable this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01320-00334904-00335087 goes back in some ways to this question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01321-00335088-00335230 of the tragic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01322-00335231-00335534 what would that mean for the political i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01323-00335535-00335751 think in order to answer that question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01324-00335752-00336054 one would have to advance at least a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01325-00336055-00336351 liminal or preliminary concept of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01326-00336352-00336495 political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01327-00336496-00336871 something that either darkly affirms
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01328-00336872-00337230 or more optimistically marks a decisive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01329-00337231-00337382 departure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01330-00337383-00337751 from the pure hostility and enmity with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01331-00337752-00337999 which the political has sometimes been
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01332-00338000-00338271 powerfully associated
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01333-00338272-00338543 i'll end here
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01334-00338544-00338806 thank you very much samoa this is right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01335-00338807-00339063 right bank on time i want to give
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01336-00339064-00339287 pratima just a few minutes to respond to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01337-00339288-00339606 this last point about rasa maybe
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01338-00339607-00339758 say a few things about that and we can
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01339-00339759-00339934 then take it up again in the open
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01340-00339935-00340095 discussion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01341-00340096-00340303 okay thank you uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01342-00340304-00340591 seminar for doing what i know you do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01343-00340592-00340710 which is like
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01344-00340711-00340991 really thinking hard
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01345-00340992-00341271 with an interlocutor and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01346-00341272-00341543 in a very fine grained way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01347-00341544-00341775 uh unraveling possibilities so thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01348-00341776-00342006 very much but you're an old friend i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01349-00342007-00342327 knew that this is how you will read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01350-00342328-00342703 so um so i have actually a lot to talk
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01351-00342704-00342871 about in what you said and we don't have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01352-00342872-00343015 the time right now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01353-00343016-00343095 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01354-00343096-00343310 so i'll stick as thomas says to the rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01355-00343311-00343423 point
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01356-00343424-00343503 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01357-00343504-00343727 so yes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01358-00343728-00343991 i find two things interesting about rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01359-00343992-00344175 theory and i take your point and i in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01360-00344176-00344254 fact
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01361-00344255-00344599 i have used bhava bhuti's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01362-00344600-00344823 in another essay
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01363-00344824-00345063 about the the concept of the public
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01364-00345064-00345191 opinion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01365-00345192-00345415 except in bhava bhuti
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01366-00345416-00345758 in both cases it's not the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01367-00345759-00345882 it's the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01368-00345883-00346167 brahmins right it's interesting it's the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01369-00346168-00346575 brahmins then glossed over as ghana
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01370-00346576-00346751 all right so that's an interesting thing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01371-00346752-00346927 to work with but anyway forget that for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01372-00346928-00347303 the moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01373-00347304-00347582 two aspects of rasa i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01374-00347583-00347734 i think that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01375-00347735-00348087 if you push me and ask me
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01376-00348088-00348495 what is the political for you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01377-00348496-00348719 i would actually fall back on saying
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01378-00348720-00348847 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01379-00348848-00348991 you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01380-00348992-00349191 call it justice call it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01381-00349192-00349310 contest
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01382-00349311-00349606 call it equality call it whatever but at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01383-00349607-00349758 the end of the day
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01384-00349759-00350047 it is that rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01385-00350048-00350454 right but then what is rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01386-00350455-00350839 two things rasa in the the in the other
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01387-00350840-00351134 uh the 20 theorists
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01388-00351135-00351382 would say that rasa is something which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01389-00351383-00351551 is beyond
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01390-00351552-00351863 syntactical and semantic expression
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01391-00351864-00352078 right which is something which does not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01392-00352079-00352319 come through meaning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01393-00352320-00352799 but comes as uh as a sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01394-00352800-00353151 as without reference so in that sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01395-00353152-00353391 in this book the political appears as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01396-00353392-00353487 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01397-00353488-00353775 something which in some senses
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01398-00353776-00354047 does not have a stable meaning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01399-00354048-00354303 but leaves a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01400-00354304-00354567 collective affective orientation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01401-00354568-00354847 which creates a people which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01402-00354848-00355375 and that affective orientation may be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01403-00355376-00355606 good or bad
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01404-00355607-00355910 in other words in the rasa theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01405-00355911-00356134 the rasa of the vibhats
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01406-00356135-00356375 the grotesque
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01407-00356376-00356767 is also to be understood as pleasurable
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01408-00356768-00357015 and that's the paradox of it right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01409-00357016-00357271 and that's what i'm running with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01410-00357272-00357623 that even if a certain kind of so you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01411-00357624-00357775 mentioned the question of populism and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01412-00357776-00358071 such like if a certain kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01413-00358072-00358375 shared one-hearted
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01414-00358376-00358782 uh political affect uh is in some sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01415-00358783-00359167 not to taste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01416-00359168-00359351 nevertheless
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01417-00359352-00359743 it can be designated as rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01418-00359744-00360071 because it is in that sense creates the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01419-00360072-00360271 one-heartedness
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01420-00360272-00360534 amongst different peoples
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01421-00360535-00360623 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01422-00360624-00360934 so yes thank you for uh you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01423-00360935-00361078 i'll just stop here for the moment but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01424-00361079-00361310 we'll come back
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01425-00361311-00361463 thanks all right thank you very much
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01426-00361464-00361887 fatima uh we are now uh moving to our
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01427-00361888-00362151 last discussions uh and this is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01428-00362152-00362423 professor robbie vasudevan who's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01429-00362424-00362606 professor at the center for the study of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01430-00362607-00362863 developing societies delhi he works in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01431-00362864-00363110 the area of film and media history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01432-00363111-00363415 with ravi sundaram he directs sarai the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01433-00363416-00363671 sds media and urban studies program he's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01434-00363672-00363903 also guest faculty in film studies at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01435-00363904-00364047 the jnu
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01436-00364048-00364254 the other poor university and ambedkar
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01437-00364255-00364527 university in delhi he's the author of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01438-00364528-00364767 the melodramatic public film form and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01439-00364768-00365071 spectatorship in indian cinema from 2010
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01440-00365072-00365447 and again in 16 we re-published and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01441-00365448-00365719 editor of the journal bioscope
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01442-00365720-00365967 south asian screen studies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01443-00365968-00366310 ravi it's all yours
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01444-00366311-00366599 thank you thomas and uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01445-00366600-00366791 thank you prathama it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01446-00366792-00366991 always been a huge uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01447-00366992-00367182 illumination i won't say education but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01448-00367183-00367406 it's always been a huge illumination uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01449-00367407-00367751 to hear you and to read you and uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01450-00367752-00368095 i um i wanted to actually kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01451-00368096-00368334 do one thing which was to actually move
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01452-00368335-00368478 from your
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01453-00368479-00368567 last
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01454-00368568-00368854 chapter uh which is uh centered on the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01455-00368855-00369047 old question of the people and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01456-00369048-00369239 fictionalization of the people and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01457-00369240-00369423 perhaps move backwards
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01458-00369424-00369654 uh this is a special entry point it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01459-00369655-00369895 already been touched upon by simona in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01460-00369896-00370095 terms of the question of rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01461-00370096-00370287 but it also actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01462-00370288-00370447 i think intimates
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01463-00370448-00370751 a certain expansive register
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01464-00370752-00371054 which the book seeks to culminate on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01465-00371055-00371247 and that expansive register is to be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01466-00371248-00371543 able to give a more fully fleshed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01467-00371544-00371623 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01468-00371624-00371919 imagination for what it was for what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01469-00371920-00372175 animates what actually kind of provokes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01470-00372176-00372534 into existence a sense of the people uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01471-00372535-00372710 without whom i think for you the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01472-00372711-00372919 political cannot be taught
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01473-00372920-00373254 at one level in us in a sense where we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01474-00373255-00373415 almost have a kind of counterpoint
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01475-00373416-00373615 between us a certain among almost
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01476-00373616-00373887 monkish kind of dimension in the of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01477-00373888-00374134 earlier chapters where there's a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01478-00374135-00374399 considerable degree of self-reflection
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01479-00374400-00374647 and self becomes the main object of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01480-00374648-00374878 discourse and it is actually extremely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01481-00374879-00375030 carefully kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01482-00375031-00375215 worked through as to what the various
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01483-00375216-00375351 registers
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01484-00375352-00375606 of that selfhood is and how it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01485-00375607-00375863 actually can be calibrated or thought or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01486-00375864-00375975 theorized
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01487-00375976-00376199 in relationship to the site of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01488-00376200-00376319 political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01489-00376320-00376519 and always i think as as you said you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01490-00376520-00376671 know you're moving away from the notion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01491-00376672-00376967 of the elemental as something rigid
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01492-00376968-00377215 of a reduced form to something which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01493-00377216-00377495 actually stages a kind of discussion so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01494-00377496-00377687 the element becomes actually a kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01495-00377688-00377902 platform a fulcrum with which to open
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01496-00377903-00378151 out just as a self is actually kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01497-00378152-00378295 so modulated
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01498-00378296-00378487 uh in the simplest way in your opening
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01499-00378488-00378847 between uh you know the figures of uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01500-00378848-00379127 vivekananda and cortelia where you have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01501-00379128-00379287 two different if you want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01502-00379288-00379558 imperatives of the self which are being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01503-00379559-00379758 worked through but let me come back to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01504-00379759-00379863 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01505-00379864-00380334 and uh from the end uh which is to work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01506-00380335-00380534 through this kind of much more in a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01507-00380535-00380663 sense it's a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01508-00380664-00380830 there's a kind of passionate sense of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01509-00380831-00381095 engagement right through the text we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01510-00381096-00381310 have always accessed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01511-00381311-00381558 various discourses through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01512-00381559-00381782 literature and that becomes a key kind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01513-00381783-00382047 of motif as to how you actually enter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01514-00382048-00382206 something which is more than just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01515-00382207-00382430 conceptual but which actually fleshes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01516-00382431-00382534 out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01517-00382535-00382710 thickens a certain discourse and a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01518-00382711-00382910 certain existential form
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01519-00382911-00383087 uh in in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01520-00383088-00383351 in in mapping these these conceptual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01521-00383352-00383606 tensions across the text so literature
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01522-00383607-00383847 is obviously a kind of a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01523-00383848-00383927 an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01524-00383928-00384110 archive through which you actually kind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01525-00384111-00384351 of uh explore what the experience of a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01526-00384352-00384551 particular uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01527-00384552-00384743 conceptual intimation about the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01528-00384744-00384919 political might be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01529-00384920-00385087 but here i just want to carry through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01530-00385088-00385254 the stages and in fact this is a series
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01531-00385255-00385527 of questions or some equations i wanted
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01532-00385528-00385791 to pose to you about that last set of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01533-00385792-00386006 formulations in the last chapter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01534-00386007-00386239 and working one's way back
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01535-00386240-00386439 the whole thing is uh relates this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01536-00386440-00386647 question of theater and i think this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01537-00386648-00386887 question of theater is also related to a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01538-00386888-00387071 notion of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01539-00387072-00387295 the performativity of the politics now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01540-00387296-00387463 and now this question of performativity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01541-00387464-00387702 i think is extremely interesting because
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01542-00387703-00387839 it also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01543-00387840-00388199 goes back to a preliminary formulation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01544-00388200-00388351 between uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01545-00388352-00388582 politics as being and for the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01546-00388583-00388775 as becoming you know so you've got two
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01547-00388776-00388967 different registers which you move up
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01548-00388968-00389239 front uh at the beginning of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01549-00389240-00389575 of your book uh what you have here is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01550-00389576-00389863 whole way in which how to think this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01551-00389864-00390087 through this question of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01552-00390088-00390263 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01553-00390264-00390551 uh becoming political how does one how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01554-00390552-00390839 the political mode of becoming in this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01555-00390840-00391030 last chapter you also say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01556-00391031-00391278 uh how the literary becomes the form of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01557-00391279-00391558 making the political uh and theater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01558-00391559-00391734 becomes another site for making the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01559-00391735-00391958 political or making a sense of political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01560-00391959-00392263 becoming uh available and it's here that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01561-00392264-00392423 i'm interested in how you actually move
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01562-00392424-00392519 through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01563-00392520-00392615 and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01564-00392616-00392806 in a sense i think work through a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01565-00392807-00393015 particular technique which you may or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01566-00393016-00393375 more generally mobilize in your text
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01567-00393376-00393678 which is to think one again this rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01568-00393679-00393991 bhava kind of uh dynamic which is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01569-00393992-00394199 staging point if you want your own
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01570-00394200-00394430 theater if you want uh conceptual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01571-00394431-00394551 theater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01572-00394552-00394815 opens with this formulation about how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01573-00394816-00394999 it's this relationship between
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01574-00395000-00395191 representation and the experience you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01575-00395192-00395471 know now representation as i think sibo
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01576-00395472-00395663 and you have just discussed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01577-00395664-00395910 is not quite the register for uh rasa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01578-00395911-00396239 but nevertheless insofar as it evokes a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01579-00396240-00396423 feeling are moved
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01580-00396424-00396615 uh it then
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01581-00396616-00396767 shifts to a different if you want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01582-00396768-00397191 register of what uh is being uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01583-00397192-00397447 what an audience or a spectator is being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01584-00397448-00397639 invited to kind of uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01585-00397640-00397839 experience and this question of shared
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01586-00397840-00398095 experience itself in your estimation is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01587-00398096-00398302 also problematic you know so there's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01588-00398303-00398582 something in between which is not just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01589-00398583-00398815 registering something and experiencing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01590-00398816-00398982 it but actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01591-00398983-00399175 creating another space it's another
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01592-00399176-00399454 world and it's that actually drawing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01593-00399455-00399871 of publics or audiences or spectators
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01594-00399872-00400063 into this world which becomes quite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01595-00400064-00400175 crucial
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01596-00400176-00400327 and this is i think which where it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01597-00400328-00400487 becomes you know you actually then have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01598-00400488-00400654 a much more expensive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01599-00400655-00400887 series of moves conceptually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01600-00400888-00401206 it's uh to think through what it means
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01601-00401207-00401447 to actually capture or re-world if you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01602-00401448-00401695 want create this new set of intimations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01603-00401696-00401854 this rewording
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01604-00401855-00402206 of uh of the audience of of everyone
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01605-00402207-00402399 potentially becoming political right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01606-00402400-00402599 this is the thing is how does everyone
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01607-00402600-00402806 potentially become political and it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01608-00402807-00403006 to do with the theatricality of self how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01609-00403007-00403175 do you present yourself how do you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01610-00403176-00403334 perform yourself how do you bring
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01611-00403335-00403551 yourself into a kind of public register
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01612-00403552-00403695 or public view
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01613-00403696-00404015 and here i think you know i i i agree
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01614-00404016-00404278 with the overall drift and i think that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01615-00404279-00404415 something there which actually is also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01616-00404416-00404534 in a sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01617-00404535-00404727 one of the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01618-00404728-00404934 techniques which you also operate more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01619-00404935-00405215 generally in in in the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01620-00405216-00405439 uh but here are a couple of questions as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01621-00405440-00405575 i'm moving through this last chapter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01622-00405576-00405751 here are a couple of questions
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01623-00405752-00406023 one is the actual thing about you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01624-00406024-00406215 you you do something a little cunning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01625-00406216-00406430 which is to actually kind of displace
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01626-00406431-00406751 the color tiger kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01627-00406752-00407054 opposition which is a standard uh debate
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01628-00407055-00407223 and say that no there's something else
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01629-00407224-00407415 and neither of them are quite adequate
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01630-00407416-00407663 to the scene and the adequacy is not to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01631-00407664-00407919 the the density of realism vacuums but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01632-00407920-00408151 how you actually draw people in how do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01633-00408152-00408375 you actually make this into something
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01634-00408376-00408639 performative and extra the extra becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01635-00408640-00408895 very important x excess there's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01636-00408896-00409054 something excess
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01637-00409055-00409327 above the which is signaled by should be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01638-00409328-00409607 signaled at one level by the pros itself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01639-00409608-00409782 it seems to be that but it's not just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01640-00409783-00410030 the pros because you demand an ecology
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01641-00410031-00410199 for the proves you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01642-00410200-00410399 there's this way in which the thread of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01643-00410400-00410647 the concept and the text actually pushes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01644-00410647-00410855 itself out you know creates this kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01645-00410856-00411174 uh a new kind of environment your answer
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01646-00411175-00411455 your ecology your locality a particular
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01647-00411456-00411703 frame an idiom idiolect you know the the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01648-00411704-00411903 actual kind of vocabularies which would
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01649-00411904-00412055 be available
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01650-00412056-00412222 and yet
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01651-00412223-00412351 another little dissimulation you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01652-00412352-00412487 actually move it away from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01653-00412488-00412703 ethnographic you know it could be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01654-00412704-00412934 readily assimilated okay i've studied
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01655-00412935-00413118 with great density and intricacy all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01656-00413119-00413239 these details
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01657-00413239-00413407 whether it's about a mining community or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01658-00413408-00413687 a forested community or whatever it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01659-00413688-00413855 i've done all this and and what i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01660-00413856-00413966 doing is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01661-00413967-00414166 no it is not ethnographic it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01662-00414167-00414295 something else
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01663-00414296-00414495 so this i would say i would suggest is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01664-00414496-00414687 certain kind of technique you have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01665-00414688-00414799 operated i don't think you fully
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01666-00414800-00414966 demonstrated that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01667-00414967-00415191 it's actually an invitation to thinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01668-00415192-00415470 where pros and theater can actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01669-00415471-00415582 cohabit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01670-00415583-00415830 how do they actually cohabit and how do
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01671-00415831-00416103 how does one move into another register
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01672-00416104-00416287 that i think you've not quite you've
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01673-00416288-00416495 signaled a desire to actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01674-00416496-00416782 push through there but maybe not quite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01675-00416783-00417063 now the theatrical becomes now bound up
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01676-00417064-00417351 with a new set of intimations one it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01677-00417352-00417582 not just the folkloric it's not just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01678-00417583-00417847 drawing upon these forms that itself has
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01679-00417847-00418063 to mutate into something else this is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01680-00418064-00418351 continuous work of converting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01681-00418352-00418607 one effect which should is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01682-00418608-00418807 stable documentable you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01683-00418808-00419126 ethnographically uh accessible no it has
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01684-00419127-00419310 to become something else
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01685-00419312-00419551 and it may be hemango bisha's uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01686-00419552-00419735 facilitating this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01687-00419735-00419966 but the idea of the people's poets
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01688-00419967-00420070 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01689-00420071-00420335 how uh and how the people's poet is not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01690-00420335-00420566 a representative figure he's not figure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01691-00420567-00420775 who represents but he has to even have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01692-00420776-00420855 it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01693-00420856-00420975 and how do you actually you know and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01694-00420976-00421135 there are series of figures who also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01695-00421135-00421510 referenced even in in in novels but who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01696-00421512-00421679 are also quite critical to the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01697-00421680-00421847 orchestration of this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01698-00421847-00422022 so i can see there's a directionality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01699-00422023-00422110 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01700-00422112-00422279 i think there's a demand i mean there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01701-00422280-00422518 would be an extra demand in terms of an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01702-00422519-00422759 analytical logic about how you move from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01703-00422760-00422975 one register say the novelistic in a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01704-00422976-00423239 particular fashion into their theatric
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01705-00423239-00423495 the second thing is to move into theater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01706-00423496-00423751 and that i think is again a very at the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01707-00423752-00423966 way well that becomes the if you want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01708-00423967-00424199 your interlocutor in actually kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01709-00424200-00424463 staging a series of potentialities no
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01710-00424464-00424622 and those two can be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01711-00424623-00424966 from jatra you know through to hamlet to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01712-00424967-00425079 through to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01713-00425080-00425222 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01714-00425223-00425295 the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01715-00425296-00425607 teen talwar uh number of things which uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01716-00425608-00425887 work in that fashion and which actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01717-00425888-00426231 create the potentiality of people of an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01718-00426232-00426431 audience which is animated which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01719-00426432-00426599 actually has to be continuously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01720-00426600-00426831 recalibrated you know so theater becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01721-00426832-00426959 a site
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01722-00426960-00427110 can we move back now this is the thing i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01723-00427112-00427295 think i've there's a logic there i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01724-00427296-00427463 there are gaps in that logic a little
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01725-00427464-00427599 bit in the way it's actually been kind
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01726-00427600-00427863 of pushed through but then i would say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01727-00427864-00428135 can theater move backwards across this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01728-00428135-00428351 text call itself something else it can
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01729-00428352-00428510 call itself drama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01730-00428512-00428703 now there is some drama which is a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01731-00428704-00428935 conceptual drama you know now this you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01732-00428935-00429022 will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01733-00429023-00429191 let me have my license because it may
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01734-00429192-00429431 not be exactly what you're doing but the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01735-00429432-00429599 simplest level of the drama is to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01736-00429600-00429735 displace
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01737-00429735-00429927 the european philosophers
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01738-00429928-00430070 and to put them in their place a little
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01739-00430071-00430303 bit but segmentally you will draw on a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01740-00430304-00430543 little rosier so that will be you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01741-00430543-00430895 he's acceptable now say yes okay uh and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01742-00430896-00431110 even crosstalk will be you know okay not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01743-00431112-00431383 quite right there kind of thing uh but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01744-00431384-00431599 the other side of the coin is that the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01745-00431600-00431799 drama is also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01746-00431800-00431959 something which is to do with the self
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01747-00431960-00432127 now at one level we can say it's about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01748-00432128-00432222 the self
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01749-00432223-00432399 it's about notions about how to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01750-00432400-00432614 constitute and reconstruct yourself in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01751-00432615-00432766 modernity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01752-00432767-00432983 and how exactly what the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01753-00432984-00433191 what's the political ethical charge of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01754-00433192-00433399 doing this and what's its effect i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01755-00433400-00433599 i can say i can sit and kind of dispute
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01756-00433600-00433863 with myself about you know uh the level
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01757-00433864-00434183 of my engagement with the world huh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01758-00434184-00434414 with whether it's aurobindo or it's you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01759-00434415-00434670 know are going down to gandhi but uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01760-00434671-00434887 these become very important
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01761-00434888-00435118 mappings i think what this facilitates
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01762-00435119-00435375 is not one drama is clear the europeans
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01763-00435376-00435575 and these guys and the other one is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01764-00435576-00435751 ambedkar and these guys you know so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01765-00435752-00435943 they're this kind of uh different way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01766-00435943-00436110 where labor has to mean something
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01767-00436112-00436303 different from a baker
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01768-00436304-00436543 karma will mean something different so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01769-00436543-00436822 you actually have a dramatus personae
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01770-00436823-00437143 who are in place uh who are actually one
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01771-00437143-00437359 who minds this entire world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01772-00437360-00437583 of caste and uppercast existence and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01773-00437584-00437863 that form of being although the sudra
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01774-00437864-00438014 will become admissible within that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01775-00438015-00438231 through vivekananda
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01776-00438232-00438422 but what you will have is a necessary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01777-00438423-00438575 other position
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01778-00438576-00438743 and that other position is itself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01779-00438743-00438975 complicated but with ambedkar often
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01780-00438976-00439231 offers that in that position i think in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01781-00439232-00439535 this scenario what i found particularly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01782-00439535-00439807 persuasive is this internal drama which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01783-00439808-00439966 is externalized
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01784-00439967-00440279 it is to do with the fact that the self
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01785-00440280-00440479 as it is being mapped you know in terms
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01786-00440480-00440775 of who constitutes the subject you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01787-00440776-00440966 what is efficacy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01788-00440967-00441391 uh how actually is efficacy distributed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01789-00441392-00441614 what is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01790-00441615-00441839 status of someone who is not as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01791-00441839-00442063 transcendent entity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01792-00442064-00442343 within this configuration god not god
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01793-00442343-00442439 force
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01794-00442439-00442639 not machine no there could be a series
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01795-00442639-00442863 of things which actually configure this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01796-00442864-00443159 larger frame but your own position
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01797-00443160-00443255 within
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01798-00443256-00443543 this entire hash through anushila will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01799-00443543-00443775 have to be distributed in some fashion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01800-00443776-00444047 it is not governed by one subject and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01801-00444047-00444270 this i found extremely interesting and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01802-00444271-00444463 personal and persuasive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01803-00444464-00444670 for forward thinking because it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01804-00444671-00444879 really to think the social and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01805-00444880-00445118 political together in this distributed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01806-00445119-00445399 sense as what is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01807-00445400-00445583 how is the kind of the logic or the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01808-00445584-00445839 propulsion of you know affects effective
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01809-00445839-00446070 action and politics how does that how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01810-00446071-00446287 can that be assembled and how do you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01811-00446288-00446495 think it because it is not governed by
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01812-00446496-00446783 the leader it is not governed by as a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01813-00446784-00446999 singular individual if the singular
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01814-00447000-00447175 individual may be the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01815-00447176-00447375 frame within which this discourse you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01816-00447376-00447591 know isn't that a reflection takes place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01817-00447592-00447822 you know and sometimes extraordinarily
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01818-00447823-00448063 wonderful contradictory kind of designs
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01819-00448064-00448270 as it happens invariably with our bankim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01820-00448271-00448463 chandra especially
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01821-00448464-00448591 about how you get out of the household
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01822-00448592-00448799 and how you have to get back and how you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01823-00448800-00449039 actually calibrate that relationship is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01824-00449039-00449279 is remarkable it captures so powerfully
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01825-00449280-00449503 i think certain type of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01826-00449504-00449751 duality or multiplicity in the ways in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01827-00449752-00449983 which political efficacy has to be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01828-00449984-00450183 taught not thinking what the household
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01829-00450184-00450366 itself itself is you know in the sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01830-00450367-00450551 in the process the household itself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01831-00450552-00450639 becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01832-00450639-00450718 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01833-00450719-00451031 an unexamined site for them not for you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01834-00451032-00451247 but for them it becomes necessarily an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01835-00451247-00451510 unexamined site so that particular way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01836-00451512-00451718 of actually framing uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01837-00451719-00451975 a certain drama of interiority which is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01838-00451976-00452159 also externalized becomes actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01839-00452160-00452351 philosophical as far as i can make out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01840-00452352-00452543 this is philosophy it's a philosophy of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01841-00452543-00452695 this self and how you're working through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01842-00452696-00452759 it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01843-00452760-00452966 uh and how that is actually a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01844-00452967-00453279 politically calibrated reflection
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01845-00453280-00453455 how do you move away from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01846-00453456-00453703 established patterns maybe the big
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01847-00453704-00453943 thing this party or maybe the kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01848-00453943-00454103 the figure of the leader or the singular
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01849-00454104-00454335 individual who becomes the the vehicle
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01850-00454335-00454566 or the repository or kind of new meaning
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01851-00454567-00454687 but no
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01852-00454688-00454951 there is a much more distributed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01853-00454952-00455047 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01854-00455047-00455318 frame within which these thinkers these
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01855-00455319-00455543 writers these activists are trying to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01856-00455543-00455822 work out what it is to mean to become in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01857-00455823-00456022 the world in some very interesting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01858-00456023-00456207 fashion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01859-00456208-00456535 i think i will leave it with that set of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01860-00456535-00456822 provocations and also uh requests for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01861-00456823-00457047 further explication about one or two of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01862-00457047-00457127 these
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01863-00457128-00457414 thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01864-00457415-00457695 thank you so much ravi excellent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01865-00457696-00457935 timekeeping it leaves some minutes for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01866-00457935-00458103 pratima to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01867-00458104-00458214 reply
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01868-00458215-00458655 please fatima okay um so you have ravi
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01869-00458656-00458855 caught me out there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01870-00458856-00459070 when you describe the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01871-00459071-00459295 as a kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01872-00459296-00459479 artwork
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01873-00459480-00459766 meant to stage the conceptual drama
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01874-00459767-00459847 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01875-00459847-00460022 i mean i didn't think of it like that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01876-00460023-00460222 but if once you say it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01877-00460223-00460391 indeed in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01878-00460392-00460670 that is i mean let me put it like this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01879-00460671-00460887 that is my taste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01880-00460888-00461183 it's not a methodology i can't claim it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01881-00461184-00461335 to be that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01882-00461335-00461510 it's just my taste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01883-00461512-00461887 and i think it might be pleasurable read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01884-00461888-00462014 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01885-00462015-00462431 perhaps at best and emancipated read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01886-00462432-00462751 but doesn't you know only at its best
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01887-00462752-00462927 now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01888-00462928-00463270 as to quickly i mean again much to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01889-00463271-00463503 uh in response but i'll try to keep it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01890-00463504-00463655 brief
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01891-00463656-00463975 one of in the last chapter which is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01892-00463976-00464327 about the staging of the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01893-00464328-00464614 my question is not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01894-00464615-00464879 who is the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01895-00464880-00465270 because that i think is an easy question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01896-00465271-00465607 and that really is never the question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01897-00465608-00465791 because
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01898-00465792-00465943 the who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01899-00465943-00466359 is often contingently filled filled in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01900-00466360-00466543 by either the figure of the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01901-00466543-00466822 leader so a gandhi or an ambedkar or a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01902-00466823-00467007 nehru
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01903-00467008-00467143 or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01904-00467143-00467470 more to our academic conventions it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01905-00467471-00467703 filled in by
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01906-00467704-00467870 social categories
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01907-00467871-00468118 to beginning with the proletariat
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01908-00468119-00468214 then
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01909-00468215-00468575 uh you know the dalit or the black
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01910-00468576-00468863 or at other times the woman and such and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01911-00468864-00469070 such
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01912-00469071-00469166 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01913-00469167-00469399 that's not a question that's a shifting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01914-00469400-00469551 i mean it's who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01915-00469552-00469727 becomes the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01916-00469728-00469975 my question is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01917-00469976-00470151 what is the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01918-00470152-00470310 which is different from who is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01919-00470312-00470463 people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01920-00470464-00470663 in that sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01921-00470664-00470991 i make a very strong distinction
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01922-00470992-00471455 between what we understand as culture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01923-00471456-00471631 which is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01924-00471632-00471935 the mode of being the stable mode of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01925-00471935-00472103 being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01926-00472104-00472183 of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01927-00472184-00472391 a community or a group
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01928-00472392-00472807 which they identify as their own history
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01929-00472808-00473087 in my imagination
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01930-00473088-00473310 in modern politics the people do not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01931-00473312-00473439 exist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01932-00473439-00473727 the people are always the people to come
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01933-00473728-00473887 or the people to be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01934-00473888-00474143 which is why it's not about culture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01935-00474143-00474510 even though all the fight is about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01936-00474512-00474703 cultural fights or culture wars or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01937-00474704-00474855 history wars
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01938-00474856-00475151 but really the most interesting and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01939-00475152-00475455 most where the opening comes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01940-00475456-00475535 is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01941-00475535-00475607 is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01942-00475608-00475735 where
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01943-00475735-00476031 a people who do not exist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01944-00476032-00476551 is in some senses conjured into being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01945-00476552-00476743 irrespective of what the demographic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01946-00476743-00476966 composition of the people be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01947-00476967-00477199 so which is why i talk about staging of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01948-00477200-00477455 the people rather than the identity of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01949-00477456-00477839 the people and it is there that in some
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01950-00477839-00478118 senses theater and perhaps you're right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01951-00478119-00478335 perhaps i should use the term drama more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01952-00478335-00478510 than theater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01953-00478512-00478910 that becomes in a sense the the the over
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01954-00478912-00479103 determining trope
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01955-00479104-00479375 to the extent that i try to demonstrate
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01956-00479376-00479470 how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01957-00479471-00479718 not just novels
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01958-00479719-00479910 but also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01959-00479912-00480183 um discursive prose
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01960-00480184-00480495 such as ambedkars who is above all an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01961-00480496-00480647 essayist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01962-00480647-00480903 right so he writes in an argumentative
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01963-00480904-00481103 discursive fashion
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01964-00481104-00481439 nevertheless one can demonstrate
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01965-00481439-00481670 that what he is doing i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01966-00481671-00481855 most certainly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01967-00481856-00482055 in buddha and his dhamma which is his
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01968-00482056-00482383 last uh text which is literally a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01969-00482384-00482543 dramatic text
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01970-00482543-00482710 with with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01971-00482712-00482943 the figure of siddharth constantly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01972-00482943-00483127 encountering various kinds of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01973-00483128-00483247 interlocutors
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01974-00483247-00483439 with a description of the stage setting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01975-00483439-00483599 whether it's kapilavastu or it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01976-00483600-00483735 rajpriya
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01977-00483735-00483855 or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01978-00483856-00484199 you know the the the corner of the town
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01979-00484200-00484566 or on the way or on a in a grove it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01980-00484567-00484799 very theatrical not just buddha is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01981-00484800-00484910 dhamma
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01982-00484912-00485135 but even his other more quote unquote
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01983-00485135-00485327 essayistic texts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01984-00485328-00485775 in some senses create a kind of stage
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01985-00485776-00485951 which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01986-00485952-00486351 does not represent the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01987-00486352-00486622 but and i use this term advisedly in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01988-00486623-00486883 that chapter which in some senses
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01989-00486884-00487191 impersonates the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01990-00487192-00487543 so it becomes in some sense is the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01991-00487543-00487847 and the idea is that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01992-00487847-00488070 the quota there is no audience there the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01993-00488071-00488375 audience is part of the theatrical space
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01994-00488376-00488710 so in that sense it's it's a futural
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01995-00488712-00489135 move and and so there for fiction
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01996-00489135-00489414 and not representation and truth
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01997-00489415-00489727 uh or or realism so i completely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01998-00489728-00489966 sidestep the realism debate for that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-01999-00489967-00490247 reason because to my mind even though
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02000-00490247-00490487 the debate is explicitly about realism
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02001-00490488-00490759 in aesthetics of that at that time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02002-00490760-00490927 people are actually talking about not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02003-00490928-00491175 the real
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02004-00491176-00491407 but the future the plausible the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02005-00491408-00491662 fictional the credible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02006-00491663-00491991 not the real but the credible
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02007-00491992-00492239 what in the novel or the theater or the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02008-00492239-00492407 poetry
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02009-00492408-00492487 is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02010-00492488-00492566 is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02011-00492567-00492879 totally believable and intimate even
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02012-00492880-00493103 though it's not real
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02013-00493104-00493343 and that's the political community
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02014-00493343-00493566 the people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02015-00493567-00493839 which can be conjured up but which can
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02016-00493839-00494135 also dissolve
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02017-00494135-00494439 into the crowd or the population or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02018-00494439-00494783 other demographic formations the society
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02019-00494784-00495039 and so on and so forth
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02020-00495039-00495343 so that's so you are right perhaps again
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02021-00495343-00495566 i did not think of it that way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02022-00495567-00495687 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02023-00495688-00496007 this can be read back into the chapters
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02024-00496008-00496175 which are not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02025-00496176-00496407 about fiction and aesthetics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02026-00496408-00496647 such as why does the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02027-00496647-00496935 economic in the hands of communist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02028-00496935-00497295 writers require the household as the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02029-00497296-00497614 stage
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02030-00497615-00497783 why does
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02031-00497784-00497939 chanakya
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02032-00497939-00498127 reappear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02033-00498128-00498327 in modern times
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02034-00498328-00498670 as a theatrical protagonist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02035-00498671-00498943 more than as a political philosopher
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02036-00498943-00499239 despite the attempt of so many people
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02037-00499239-00499543 you know calling him machiavelli
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02038-00499543-00499903 but he be he becomes the box of his hit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02039-00499904-00500118 in theater and cinema
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02040-00500119-00500199 right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02041-00500200-00500431 so that's what i'm trying to get at and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02042-00500432-00500703 i don't think the term culture
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02043-00500704-00501055 or history even captures that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02044-00501056-00501518 so there i mean for the moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02045-00501519-00501831 thank you very much this is great uh we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02046-00501832-00502079 have uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02047-00502080-00502159 now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02048-00502160-00502559 about half an hour to open for uh any
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02049-00502560-00502814 kind of question people might have from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02050-00502815-00503135 the audience if there are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02051-00503135-00503351 no questions coming forward i'm sure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02052-00503352-00503503 some of the panelists will have more
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02053-00503504-00503662 things to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02054-00503663-00503959 and so let us see
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02055-00503960-00504262 but so please if you have a question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02056-00504263-00504599 please answer it in the q a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02057-00504600-00504759 and we will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02058-00504760-00504959 we can see it here on our screen we can
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02059-00504960-00505135 read it out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02060-00505135-00505518 and have pratima address it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02061-00505519-00505662 in the meantime
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02062-00505663-00505791 i invite
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02063-00505792-00505927 either of you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02064-00505928-00506351 robbie sunil simona to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02065-00506352-00506575 ask further push
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02066-00506576-00506766 raise further points whatever you want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02067-00506767-00506903 to do please
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02068-00506904-00507862 let me just just speak
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02069-00507863-00508103 so i would ha i would
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02070-00508104-00508270 have liked to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02071-00508271-00508655 also respond to simona's uh thoughts on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02072-00508656-00508783 philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02073-00508784-00508918 uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02074-00508919-00509151 as and when not right now whenever there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02075-00509152-00509351 is time or whatever so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02076-00509352-00509591 there is time now you can say uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02077-00509592-00509775 you can say something there is i don't
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02078-00509776-00510062 see any cue any uh open questions right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02079-00510063-00510239 now it's it's of course very late in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02080-00510239-00510551 delhi i realize yes perhaps
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02081-00510552-00510743 so why don't you uh why don't you pick
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02082-00510743-00510879 that up
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02083-00510880-00511262 okay so similar i really i mean uh i i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02084-00511263-00511391 really
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02085-00511392-00511470 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02086-00511471-00511710 heard you i i hear you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02087-00511712-00511879 uh when you when
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02088-00511880-00512118 when when i hear what you're saying
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02089-00512119-00512483 and i understand your concern about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02090-00512484-00512662 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02091-00512663-00512903 am i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02092-00512904-00513199 so let me put it like this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02093-00513200-00513662 i am not anti-philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02094-00513663-00513927 if by philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02095-00513928-00514279 we mean the encode
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02096-00514280-00514647 and large domain of thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02097-00514647-00515039 which seeks to transcend the particulars
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02098-00515039-00515283 of your immediate
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02099-00515284-00515495 context i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02100-00515496-00515791 in that sense i totally agree with gopal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02101-00515792-00515895 guru
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02102-00515896-00516287 that the subordinates of the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02103-00516288-00516487 whatever name we give them the dalit in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02104-00516488-00516591 his case
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02105-00516592-00516935 but it could be uh any others in the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02106-00516935-00517287 global south the black the woman and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02107-00517288-00517566 this was the feminism debate at time in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02108-00517567-00517718 an earlier moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02109-00517719-00518014 that the denial of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02110-00518015-00518143 theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02111-00518143-00518479 to the subaltern who can only function
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02112-00518480-00518562 as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02113-00518563-00518791 counterfactuals to dominance
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02114-00518792-00518887 theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02115-00518888-00519079 so it's not so they're not just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02116-00519080-00519343 empirical as gopal guru says they also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02117-00519343-00519439 have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02118-00519439-00519591 an additional function which is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02119-00519592-00519822 function of the counterfactual which is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02120-00519823-00520231 to say that they can disprove a theory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02121-00520232-00520566 we have reached that far
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02122-00520567-00520718 however
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02123-00520719-00520943 do they produce a theory with a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02124-00520943-00521199 universal purchase so therefore the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02125-00521200-00521431 question can addrell it be a universal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02126-00521432-00521559 subject
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02127-00521560-00521791 or an african american be a universal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02128-00521792-00522039 subject or a sailor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02129-00522039-00522262 who is neither the proletariat
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02130-00522263-00522447 you know not the present of the maoist
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02131-00522447-00522599 imagination
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02132-00522600-00522751 nor the tribal of the ecological
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02133-00522752-00523039 imagination can the sailor be a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02134-00523039-00523247 universal subject
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02135-00523247-00523351 now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02136-00523352-00523655 so that question is a question that i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02137-00523656-00523966 take seriously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02138-00523967-00524135 however
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02139-00524135-00524462 when i offer a critique of philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02140-00524463-00524662 in this particular book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02141-00524663-00524991 i mean philosophy as i said as a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02142-00524992-00525359 particular epistemological formation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02143-00525360-00525631 as it has appeared to us
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02144-00525632-00525814 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02145-00525815-00525927 from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02146-00525928-00526118 colonial times
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02147-00526119-00526414 so i'm thinking of the late 19th early
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02148-00526415-00526751 20th century moment in india and i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02149-00526752-00526927 sure there are analogous moments
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02150-00526928-00527087 elsewhere
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02151-00527088-00527366 where there is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02152-00527367-00527622 huge anxiety
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02153-00527623-00527759 about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02154-00527760-00528135 asking about about whether
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02155-00528136-00528359 forms of thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02156-00528360-00528551 that we have had
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02157-00528552-00528727 with various names
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02158-00528728-00529047 call it darshana call it falsafa
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02159-00529048-00529647 call it mata call it agame
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02160-00529648-00529807 simply way
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02161-00529808-00529935 are these
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02162-00529936-00530262 philosophies or not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02163-00530263-00530518 and of course the burden of proof is on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02164-00530519-00530775 the subaltern which is to say that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02165-00530776-00531031 these two are philosophies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02166-00531032-00531191 to be asked that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02167-00531192-00531422 are they
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02168-00531423-00531662 too imbued with sociology
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02169-00531663-00532039 too imbued with practical uh concerns
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02170-00532040-00532359 to imbued with spirituality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02171-00532360-00532814 to imbued with everyday business of life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02172-00532815-00533095 now that's that is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02173-00533096-00533431 uh uh epistemological formation that's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02174-00533432-00533718 get that gets set up 18th century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02175-00533719-00533870 onwards
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02176-00533871-00534047 uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02177-00534048-00534391 first after the debate in in europe uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02178-00534392-00534559 which culminates in hegel in some ways
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02179-00534560-00534711 in the hierarchy of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02180-00534712-00534895 thought forms
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02181-00534896-00535303 so that's the kind of uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02182-00535304-00535575 so as i say and i mean it very seriously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02183-00535576-00535959 i do believe that philosophy is a player
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02184-00535960-00536247 in the field of politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02185-00536248-00536479 but so is poetry
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02186-00536480-00536703 so is colloquium
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02187-00536704-00537047 so is i mean colloquial street language
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02188-00537048-00537262 so is art
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02189-00537263-00537527 uh you know so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02190-00537528-00537887 and i i would not grant philosophy that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02191-00537888-00538279 in that sense while i love hannah aaron
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02192-00538280-00538551 i also have very strong reservations
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02193-00538552-00538855 with the way in which hannah and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02194-00538856-00539318 uh elevates the political over uh what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02195-00539319-00539511 she calls for instance
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02196-00539512-00539687 work and labor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02197-00539688-00540095 uh as you know as as utter freedom
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02198-00540096-00540231 and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02199-00540232-00540470 to that i would say that i takes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02200-00540471-00540711 philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02201-00540712-00540959 seriously as i do take poetry seriously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02202-00540960-00541231 as i do take uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02203-00541232-00541591 darshana seriously as i do take um adam
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02204-00541592-00541751 seriously
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02205-00541752-00541951 but i would argue
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02206-00541952-00542366 that philosophy is also a practice a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02207-00542367-00542655 particular practice a particular mode of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02208-00542656-00542791 thinking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02209-00542792-00542927 which is one of the many modes of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02210-00542928-00543127 thinking available to us
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02211-00543128-00543518 and it has its enriching possibilities
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02212-00543519-00543599 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02213-00543600-00543999 philosophy is not by in my eyes defined
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02214-00544000-00544359 a priory in opposition to practice
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02215-00544360-00544775 it is one another kind of practice
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02216-00544776-00545070 my problem with is with philosophy in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02217-00545071-00545366 some senses elevating itself over
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02218-00545367-00545535 i mean in pre-colonial times in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02219-00545536-00545679 non-colonial times and that there's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02220-00545680-00545935 numerous work i mean pierre haddo michel
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02221-00545936-00546151 foucault himself more recently peter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02222-00546152-00546295 slaughter dick
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02223-00546296-00546583 actually had shown how even platonic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02224-00546584-00546839 philosophy required a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02225-00546840-00547087 cultivation of a practical disposition
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02226-00547088-00547303 even if that practical disposition as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02227-00547304-00547462 such lot of dick says
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02228-00547463-00547639 is simulating death
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02229-00547640-00547831 in the name of absolute objectivity and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02230-00547832-00548047 impartiality
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02231-00548048-00548327 right so philosophy calls for a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02232-00548328-00548622 practical orientation it's a myth to say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02233-00548623-00548966 that it is withdrawn from practice
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02234-00548967-00549255 so that's what i'm getting at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02235-00549256-00549495 see what i mean so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02236-00549496-00549807 and so therefore i absolutely read and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02237-00549808-00549943 learn from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02238-00549944-00550151 all the fantastic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02239-00550152-00550366 philosophers of the world
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02240-00550367-00550614 and for obvious reasons i have access
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02241-00550615-00550822 more to european philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02242-00550823-00550966 than to i have access to arabic
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02243-00550967-00551135 philosophers or chinese philosophers so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02244-00551136-00551318 i try my best
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02245-00551319-00551575 to read as much as i can
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02246-00551576-00551766 and i totally read it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02247-00551767-00551959 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02248-00551960-00552103 let me put it like
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02249-00552104-00552255 let me just say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02250-00552256-00552511 that i would never pitch
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02251-00552512-00552718 myself or my work as a work of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02252-00552719-00552918 philosophy
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02253-00552919-00553070 call it by whatever name i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02254-00553071-00553318 conceptual drama seems great
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02255-00553319-00553479 uh i love that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02256-00553480-00553622 epithet
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02257-00553623-00553743 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02258-00553744-00554070 value that that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02259-00554071-00554351 okay thank you very much i i have a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02260-00554352-00554535 couple of questions here i think they
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02261-00554536-00554766 are you can see them but i will just i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02262-00554767-00555007 not sure whether the audience whoever is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02263-00555008-00555207 in the audience can see them so i just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02264-00555208-00555575 read out one here from ravi sundaram
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02265-00555576-00555727 he says i really enjoyed reading the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02266-00555728-00556079 book what was remarkable for me as even
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02267-00556080-00556239 even as you begin and question the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02268-00556240-00556535 framing of a philosophical a priori for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02269-00556536-00556735 the political you set up a philosophical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02270-00556736-00556959 experiment that ends in the aesthetics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02271-00556960-00557111 of politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02272-00557112-00557327 what would your reflection be on the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02273-00557328-00557566 mode of writing in staging of an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02274-00557567-00557818 argument what is the motor conceptual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02275-00557819-00558183 expression now it disappeared
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02276-00558184-00558359 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02277-00558360-00558591 i found it yeah yeah yeah you found it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02278-00558592-00558743 it just disappeared from my screen i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02279-00558744-00558887 have no idea why
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02280-00558888-00559135 it is um yeah okay i got it what is the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02281-00559136-00559391 mode of conceptual expression yes in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02282-00559392-00559687 writing i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02283-00559688-00559959 that's right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02284-00559960-00560159 yeah i don't know robbie thank you i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02285-00560160-00560295 mean should i answer or should we take
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02286-00560296-00560470 some questions together
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02287-00560471-00560766 given the time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02288-00560767-00560999 take that for a little while and then uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02289-00561000-00561222 another one right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02290-00561223-00561487 yeah i don't know i mean in the sense
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02291-00561488-00561566 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02292-00561567-00561831 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02293-00561832-00562111 i do agree i think i mean the maximum
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02294-00562112-00562455 i'm what i can confess to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02295-00562456-00562655 so i'm not a novelist and i'm not a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02296-00562656-00562839 painter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02297-00562840-00562943 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02298-00562944-00563279 in some senses i feel
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02299-00563280-00563670 as if writing even a conceptual book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02300-00563671-00563855 or an academic book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02301-00563856-00564095 is in is shares
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02302-00564096-00564383 much more with what we on with what we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02303-00564384-00564614 call artwork
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02304-00564615-00564831 in the sense that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02305-00564832-00564943 while
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02306-00564944-00565318 and part of that artwork is also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02307-00565319-00565662 the assemblage of quote unquote archives
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02308-00565663-00565847 and evidence
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02309-00565848-00566239 and uh you know points so it's it's not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02310-00566240-00566479 it's not fiction so i'm not making that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02311-00566480-00566711 argument that was used to be made like
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02312-00566712-00566918 in the early post structure is time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02313-00566919-00567087 where well in the hidden white time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02314-00567088-00567199 where
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02315-00567200-00567375 you know there was too much of a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02316-00567376-00567614 continuity between different genres of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02317-00567615-00567975 writing so i'm not i'm not saying that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02318-00567976-00568270 all genres of writing and performance
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02319-00568271-00568639 and painting are entirely continuous i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02320-00568640-00568847 not saying that but i'm saying that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02321-00568848-00569095 there is something also
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02322-00569096-00569583 to the craft of putting things together
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02323-00569584-00569847 and making the same archive i mean i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02324-00569848-00570166 also read bankimchandra who's been read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02325-00570167-00570551 like over a million times before me
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02326-00570552-00570831 so and you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02327-00570832-00571031 i mean ideally perhaps i should totally
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02328-00571032-00571343 not read bankimchandra but there is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02329-00571344-00571639 what is it that allows a new reading of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02330-00571640-00571862 something which has been read many many
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02331-00571863-00572039 many many times
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02332-00572040-00572191 now i think that's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02333-00572192-00572479 that's some i mean that's it that's the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02334-00572480-00572679 art of assemblage it's an art of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02335-00572680-00572918 installation where putting different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02336-00572919-00573183 things together in different ways bring
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02337-00573184-00573375 out a different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02338-00573376-00573670 affect or ambience and you are right
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02339-00573671-00573903 again it's my personal taste and i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02340-00573904-00573999 cannot
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02341-00574000-00574103 claim
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02342-00574104-00574318 a theoretical
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02343-00574319-00574647 particular methodological validity of it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02344-00574648-00574991 that i end with the aesthetic moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02345-00574992-00575343 it's you know i think it's just a taste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02346-00575344-00575559 i can imagine a book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02347-00575560-00575791 which does not do so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02348-00575792-00576079 uh you know which which ends in at some
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02349-00576080-00576262 other register entirely
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02350-00576263-00576439 because i think that there is there has
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02351-00576440-00576679 been that strand in 20th century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02352-00576680-00576943 onwards or second world war one all
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02353-00576944-00577159 words where the aesthetic has been in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02354-00577160-00577335 some sense privileged
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02355-00577336-00577591 as the trope for politics so nazism is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02356-00577592-00577695 the takes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02357-00577696-00578039 uh mass culture aesthetic now i am wary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02358-00578040-00578166 of that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02359-00578167-00578422 so i do not think at the end from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02360-00578423-00578647 economic to the aesthetic is not it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02361-00578648-00578870 not you know i'm not comfortable with
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02362-00578871-00579118 imagining that transition
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02363-00579119-00579510 um but uh yeah i mean my personal taste
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02364-00579511-00579775 is in the the art of assemblage
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02365-00579776-00580055 in terms of textualization
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02366-00580056-00580262 of materials
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02367-00580263-00580551 uh so let me just leave it at that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02368-00580552-00580814 i know i'm very adequate yeah no that's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02369-00580815-00581007 fine thank you uh there is one from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02370-00581008-00581214 sandeep mercier then i also have a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02371-00581215-00581462 little question for you um so we'll
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02372-00581463-00581679 begin with from sandeep thank you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02373-00581680-00581991 pratima if i may ask a tandent
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02374-00581992-00582222 tangential question how would you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02375-00582223-00582422 consider writing this book in a post
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02376-00582423-00582735 code time how does the empirical that is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02377-00582736-00583022 a large scale one at that challenge the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02378-00583023-00583151 elemental
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02379-00583152-00583343 if one of the challenges here is to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02380-00583344-00583566 think what comes after the critique how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02381-00583567-00583903 do we assemble different afters
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02382-00583904-00584303 thanks totally um totally thank you for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02383-00584304-00584535 that question uh except that i don't
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02384-00584536-00584887 have a very clear answer but i can say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02385-00584888-00585135 and share with you the fact that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02386-00585136-00585462 even as my book was
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02387-00585463-00585687 coming out of the press
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02388-00585688-00586014 i suddenly started feeling that oh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02389-00586015-00586343 now the book is irrelevant
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02390-00586344-00586655 in the sense that there seemed something
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02391-00586656-00586870 to the covet moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02392-00586871-00587007 that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02393-00587008-00587414 demanded
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02394-00587415-00587599 an attention
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02395-00587600-00587855 to aspects of life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02396-00587856-00588014 and to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02397-00588015-00588247 even the term materiality does not work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02398-00588248-00588487 anymore because the virus is in some
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02399-00588488-00588783 sense as immaterial it's neither it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02400-00588784-00589062 it's it's not just microscopic or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02401-00589063-00589366 microbial it's it's it's literally not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02402-00589367-00589670 there it just mutates so fast that there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02403-00589671-00589831 is no being
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02404-00589832-00590151 that one can anchor one's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02405-00590152-00590470 imagination on and it's in between life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02406-00590471-00590727 and non-life it is neither life nor
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02407-00590728-00590847 non-life
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02408-00590848-00591062 and in that sense it is a very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02409-00591063-00591391 foundational question that stairs that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02410-00591392-00591639 stares at enough at her face
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02411-00591640-00591831 now having said that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02412-00591832-00591927 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02413-00591928-00592231 this is this calls for a leap of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02414-00592232-00592662 imagination a leap of faith
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02415-00592663-00592895 which cannot be individual
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02416-00592896-00593151 uh not even disciplinary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02417-00593152-00593391 it has to be a transdisciplinary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02418-00593392-00593639 collaborative leap of imagination that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02419-00593640-00593847 we have to undertake
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02420-00593848-00593951 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02421-00593952-00594118 now
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02422-00594119-00594455 so therefore i can say that at csds
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02423-00594456-00594679 i have a number of colleagues
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02424-00594680-00594831 uh and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02425-00594832-00595022 and i myself have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02426-00595023-00595262 have been thinking this trying to think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02427-00595263-00595518 this question through
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02428-00595519-00595814 for the last year and a half and trying
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02429-00595815-00595991 to figure out
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02430-00595992-00596087 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02431-00596088-00596343 what is the form of collaboration and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02432-00596344-00596495 what is the form
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02433-00596496-00596703 of uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02434-00596704-00596935 epistemological
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02435-00596936-00597022 and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02436-00597023-00597310 and and and ontological uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02437-00597311-00597639 kind of transgression that we have to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02438-00597640-00598087 effect in order to think politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02439-00598088-00598351 after the virus after not just the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02440-00598352-00598566 non-human i think the non-human moment
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02441-00598567-00598862 was already there 20 years before
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02442-00598863-00599079 uh donna haraway onwards i haven't even
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02443-00599080-00599327 even even earlier but i think there is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02444-00599328-00599575 something to the idea of the virus
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02445-00599576-00599918 itself which is far more challenging
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02446-00599919-00600175 than the umbrella category called the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02447-00600176-00600366 non-human
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02448-00600367-00600487 uh though
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02449-00600488-00600687 and i i am i take this question very
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02450-00600688-00600983 seriously but can i can i am am i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02451-00600984-00601222 competent right away to give you a clear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02452-00601223-00601343 cut answer
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02453-00601344-00601655 no but i can only promise that i am
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02454-00601656-00601879 thinking with my friends
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02455-00601880-00602083 and you yourself
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02456-00602084-00602407 inshallah uh sandeep who sandeep has
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02457-00602408-00602614 been an old collaborator of csda so i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02458-00602615-00603007 just saying that uh hopefully uh we will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02459-00603008-00603183 be able to make some kind of an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02460-00603184-00603399 imaginary imaginational breakthrough
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02461-00603400-00603759 soon
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02462-00603760-00604039 okay thank you so i have a short little
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02463-00604040-00604151 question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02464-00604152-00604375 uh and then we have one more from
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02465-00604376-00604687 karthik mainly uh so we'll take that so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02466-00604688-00604870 i just wanted to ask you one thing about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02467-00604871-00605159 what as i was reading through the book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02468-00605160-00605375 i looked at the different kinds of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02469-00605376-00605559 voices and different kinds of texts and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02470-00605560-00605735 different kind of archives you mobilized
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02471-00605736-00605847 in different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02472-00605848-00605975 chapters
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02473-00605976-00606166 and i want to hear you talk a little bit
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02474-00606167-00606527 about if you don't mind the the way in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02475-00606528-00606607 which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02476-00606608-00606862 these kind of conceptual vocabularies
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02477-00606863-00607047 exist in different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02478-00607048-00607214 circuits
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02479-00607215-00607310 because
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02480-00607311-00607518 what you mobilize is very different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02481-00607519-00607727 sometimes it's a play
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02482-00607728-00607959 staged in a certain context a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02483-00607960-00608239 time other times it's popular theater
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02484-00608240-00608462 that's pushed by left organizers
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02485-00608463-00608583 sometimes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02486-00608584-00608847 it is a commentary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02487-00608848-00609079 in a perhaps fairly obscure journal that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02488-00609080-00609239 had not that much
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02489-00609240-00609487 of circulation so for you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02490-00609488-00609703 how do you think about this i i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02491-00609704-00609935 it's almost like the sort of uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02492-00609936-00610183 evidence question here right what what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02493-00610184-00610487 is how do these forms of thought
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02494-00610488-00610655 circulate how do they interact with each
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02495-00610656-00610903 other and and uh what do you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02496-00610904-00611103 what how can you think about what do you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02497-00611104-00611318 do with the fact that some of them
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02498-00611319-00611622 never touched each other perhaps or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02499-00611623-00611791 were not really
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02500-00611792-00611999 so it's a circulation or rather it's a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02501-00612000-00612135 lot of different circuits that you're
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02502-00612136-00612262 dipping into
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02503-00612263-00612510 but i i want you to i want to hear you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02504-00612511-00612687 think about how did you make that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02505-00612688-00612799 selection
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02506-00612800-00613047 and what is your what's the kind of what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02507-00613048-00613183 can we take from that because i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02508-00613184-00613359 there's a methodological point about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02509-00613360-00613583 dipping into this a rich pool
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02510-00613584-00613862 of a whole bunch of vernacular
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02511-00613863-00614031 in different uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02512-00614032-00614231 uh south asian languages but also i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02513-00614232-00614439 thinking of it as a as a global south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02514-00614440-00614670 kind of project how do we think of these
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02515-00614671-00614766 you know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02516-00614767-00614903 what what different voices what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02517-00614904-00615087 different concepts are moving at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02518-00615088-00615255 different scales and different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02519-00615256-00615470 velocities and different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02520-00615471-00615622 audiences
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02521-00615623-00615783 is it all equally
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02522-00615784-00615927 important
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02523-00615928-00616199 or what how do we exercise that choice
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02524-00616200-00616414 how do you exercise it may i also just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02525-00616415-00616599 come in just as a small supplementary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02526-00616600-00616710 sure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02527-00616711-00616910 because it's actually i think uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02528-00616911-00616999 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02529-00617000-00617166 something relating to what i was trying
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02530-00617167-00617414 to suggest is thomas is brought up which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02531-00617415-00617639 is uh now at one level these things are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02532-00617640-00617910 there's ideas and clusters of ideas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02533-00617911-00618239 uh and then uh what thomas is uh poses
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02534-00618240-00618479 just now is how they actually kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02535-00618480-00618679 come into connection with each other or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02536-00618680-00618903 into a conversational mode or actually
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02537-00618904-00619166 start connecting with each other and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02538-00619167-00619462 it had struck me which is not uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02539-00619463-00619566 about your
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02540-00619567-00619759 specific book about the how you framed
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02541-00619760-00619910 it this way but in terms of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02542-00619911-00620143 supplementary research i mean other
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02543-00620144-00620447 researches which would go alongside this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02544-00620448-00620551 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02545-00620552-00620799 circulation category thomas just used
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02546-00620800-00621103 now uh for example when we move from say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02547-00621104-00621383 the novelistic to the theatrical and we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02548-00621384-00621559 may be actually dealing with communities
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02549-00621560-00621759 which are relating to specific sites and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02550-00621760-00622095 spaces and experiences
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02551-00622096-00622335 these things are actually moved into
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02552-00622336-00622559 publics you know and into readerships
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02553-00622560-00622759 and into kind of audiences
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02554-00622760-00622910 this is not necessarily this should have
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02555-00622911-00623135 been the remit of your book this is not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02556-00623136-00623239 a prescription
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02557-00623240-00623414 but it's a question about how one opens
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02558-00623415-00623751 this up to a series of uh supplementary
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02559-00623752-00623951 or complementary kind of uh research
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02560-00623952-00624199 designs actually if it's uh to capture a
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02561-00624200-00624439 sense of how these things move and how
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02562-00624440-00624639 they connect with each other in in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02563-00624640-00624847 various settings it also just gives you
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02564-00624848-00625087 maybe a better one a purchase of what it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02565-00625088-00625231 means for example to move from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02566-00625232-00625566 novelistic to the theatrical in terms of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02567-00625567-00625831 this quite different uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02568-00625832-00626062 types of uh engagement you know whether
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02569-00626063-00626214 it's the leader
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02570-00626215-00626447 or it's the kind of uh the audience for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02571-00626448-00626662 theater and of course they may overlap
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02572-00626663-00626959 absolutely uh they would uh and this uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02573-00626960-00627159 and i suppose that becomes
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02574-00627160-00627359 what what would a research design which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02575-00627360-00627566 actually kind of speaks to this the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02576-00627567-00627783 hinterland within which this archive is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02577-00627784-00628175 constituted how would that work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02578-00628176-00628487 right so yeah i think uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02579-00628488-00628687 thomas's question robbie's question is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02580-00628688-00628847 slightly different
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02581-00628848-00628959 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02582-00628960-00629166 so uh but let me
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02583-00629167-00629583 let me try my best to respond so thomas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02584-00629584-00629903 i see what you're asking but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02585-00629904-00630118 i'm sorry i do not have a very clear
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02586-00630119-00630527 answer now let me bring back uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02587-00630528-00630622 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02588-00630623-00630895 like 10 15 years ago when i wrote my
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02589-00630896-00631095 when i did my first book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02590-00631096-00631375 which was on the politics of time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02591-00631376-00631655 and when i wrote this book which is on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02592-00631656-00631910 politics of politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02593-00631911-00632166 the problem i set for myself for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02594-00632167-00632391 whatever reason
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02595-00632392-00632751 is that the object of study is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02596-00632752-00632910 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02597-00632911-00633055 general
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02598-00633056-00633366 so time what is the archive of time for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02599-00633367-00633607 god's sake
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02600-00633608-00633879 none or everything
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02601-00633880-00634087 same for politics what is the archive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02602-00634088-00634283 for politics
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02603-00634284-00634447 everything
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02604-00634448-00634839 right so that it seems now coincidental
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02605-00634840-00635055 but now that you ask me
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02606-00635056-00635279 i do remember struggling through this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02607-00635280-00635631 question when i decided i have to work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02608-00635632-00635887 on the concept of time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02609-00635888-00635991 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02610-00635992-00636159 as it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02611-00636160-00636495 you know unfolds in new ways
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02612-00636496-00636670 between late in the 18th to early 20th
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02613-00636671-00636887 century and i thought that at some level
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02614-00636888-00637159 that it was very very determining
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02615-00637160-00637527 of what karthik is asking later of our
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02616-00637528-00637710 modern condition
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02617-00637711-00638062 the epochal condition called modernity
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02618-00638063-00638399 having decided that a priory
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02619-00638400-00638727 which is historian's anathema
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02620-00638728-00639055 i then go about looking at everything
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02621-00639056-00639335 that i can get my hands on so i ended up
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02622-00639336-00639679 reading closely through revenue papers
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02623-00639680-00639951 when i was working on time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02624-00639952-00640183 and not the cultural archive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02625-00640184-00640383 for the longest time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02626-00640384-00640614 and i discovered and i wrote an entire
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02627-00640615-00640766 chapter
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02628-00640767-00641070 on credit mechanisms
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02629-00641071-00641166 and i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02630-00641167-00641375 went and read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02631-00641376-00641783 migration files of tea plantation labors
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02632-00641784-00642095 now why i made that first move i do not
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02633-00642096-00642207 know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02634-00642208-00642575 and then the idea of travel and timing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02635-00642576-00642695 in the ship
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02636-00642696-00643047 in the railway and on foot
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02637-00643048-00643270 became the crux of what i thought was
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02638-00643271-00643431 the emergence of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02639-00643432-00643687 not the factory e.p thompson
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02640-00643688-00643822 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02641-00643823-00643918 travel
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02642-00643919-00644270 as as creating the modern calendar
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02643-00644271-00644647 so in that sense as soon as rightly says
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02644-00644648-00644799 it turned out to be a bit of an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02645-00644800-00644975 adventure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02646-00644976-00645183 going in areas not knowing what will
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02647-00645184-00645295 happen
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02648-00645296-00645543 in the same way in this particular book
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02649-00645544-00645839 i decided that i have to write
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02650-00645840-00646062 write a kind of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02651-00646063-00646343 book on asking what is the political
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02652-00646344-00646591 and having decided that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02653-00646592-00646935 everything was my archive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02654-00646936-00647159 so therefore i went on to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02655-00647160-00647399 now responded to ravi's question
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02656-00647400-00647839 that it is really a matter of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02657-00647840-00648022 finally choosing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02658-00648023-00648183 what
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02659-00648184-00648495 creates the best assemblage and what i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02660-00648496-00648807 believe makes me think further
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02661-00648808-00649014 so for instance there are
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02662-00649015-00649366 a lot of wonderful stuff that i read and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02663-00649367-00649559 collected which do not figure in the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02664-00649560-00649766 book at the end of the day
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02665-00649767-00650014 because it was just not fitting that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02666-00650015-00650262 installation as it were
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02667-00650263-00650431 not because there were counter arguments
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02668-00650432-00650543 to it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02669-00650544-00650735 but they were i just redundant or
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02670-00650736-00650999 excessive or whatever so i'm just so i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02671-00651000-00651183 really do not have a very good answer
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02672-00651184-00651359 for what you're asking
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02673-00651360-00651614 uh it's just that i
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02674-00651615-00651847 so there's a i have a colleague who
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02675-00651848-00651943 works
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02676-00651944-00652262 uh my uh friend deepu avadhendra sharon
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02677-00652263-00652559 who talks of the exact opposite so he's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02678-00652560-00652807 done a book recently on air
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02679-00652808-00653207 the history of air in cities and for him
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02680-00653208-00653470 there is no archive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02681-00653471-00653918 what is the archive of air
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02682-00653919-00654062 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02683-00654063-00654295 my problem is the opposite it's the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02684-00654296-00654518 archive of plenty right everything is an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02685-00654519-00654799 archive so that's you know so i think
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02686-00654800-00655087 these are various routes that historians
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02687-00655088-00655247 and thinkers take
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02688-00655248-00655399 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02689-00655400-00655766 as of what kind of further research and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02690-00655767-00656014 you're right ravi so uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02691-00656015-00656166 and and this is something that i learned
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02692-00656167-00656327 from your own work
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02693-00656328-00656655 uh the the infrastructure of circulation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02694-00656656-00656847 and the transformation and and the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02695-00656848-00657166 multiplicity of publics uh which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02696-00657167-00657543 uh which each genre or each
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02697-00657544-00657807 form in some senses entails
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02698-00657808-00658110 and i i can quite imagine
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02699-00658111-00658366 somebody
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02700-00658367-00658543 just sticking to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02701-00658544-00658718 ut
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02702-00658719-00658927 jaatra form of hamlet
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02703-00658928-00659207 the folk theater of hamlet and and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02704-00659208-00659527 tracing its circulation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02705-00659528-00659807 through time and place
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02706-00659808-00660055 the folk forms of hamlet at the hands of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02707-00660056-00660383 as sunil would probably vouch for uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02708-00660384-00660722 at the hands of various
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02709-00660723-00660991 marxism-inspired theater practitioners
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02710-00660992-00661295 across asia
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02711-00661296-00661518 now that could be one i mean i'm sure
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02712-00661519-00661735 there are many openings that can be
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02713-00661736-00661862 possible there
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02714-00661863-00662166 so uh i mean it will be i mean i really
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02715-00662167-00662447 it will be con seat on my part to
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02716-00662448-00662622 say that now people should work on this
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02717-00662623-00662718 or that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02718-00662719-00662862 but
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02719-00662863-00663151 my hunch is that there is so much that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02720-00663152-00663439 each archive i think each archive
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02721-00663440-00663743 archives are never saturated
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02722-00663744-00663918 by overwork
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02723-00663919-00664031 so
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02724-00664032-00664318 um so there it is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02725-00664319-00664551 all right we're almost at time so i want
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02726-00664552-00664783 to give just a few minutes to the last
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02727-00664784-00665007 question which comes from uh karthik
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02728-00665008-00665279 mainly who's asking saying thanks for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02729-00665280-00665447 your path clearing book i'm just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02730-00665448-00665655 summarizing a little bit here
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02731-00665656-00665895 i would like to hear more about the ways
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02732-00665896-00666095 in which pratima moves between the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02733-00666096-00666318 pre-modern and the modern in her and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02734-00666319-00666487 unpacking of the different elements of
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02735-00666488-00666687 the political does mining
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02736-00666688-00666887 the political necessitate a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02737-00666888-00667127 temporal chronological border crossing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02738-00667128-00667422 and what role if any does modernity as
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02739-00667423-00667703 epoch orientation or heuristic category
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02740-00667704-00667943 play in thinking about theory from the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02741-00667944-00668095 global south
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02742-00668096-00668366 please oh yes you have a few minutes and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02743-00668367-00668575 then i think those because it's getting
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02744-00668576-00668847 too late i think karthik again it's it's
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02745-00668848-00669079 it's a theory of language
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02746-00669080-00669447 given a choice i would not use the term
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02747-00669448-00669807 modernity or modern uh because
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02748-00669808-00670135 it entails a certain assumption
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02749-00670136-00670231 about
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02750-00670232-00670588 a temporal hierarchy as we all know
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02751-00670589-00670695 [Music]
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02752-00670696-00670847 and a certain
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02753-00670848-00670991 uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02754-00670992-00671303 a certain assumption that between the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02755-00671304-00671583 modern and the pre-modern there is an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02756-00671584-00671887 iron curtain as it were
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02757-00671888-00672087 i do not buy that but on the other hand
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02758-00672088-00672462 modern is a word that's used universally
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02759-00672463-00672743 and therefore if one speaks in if i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02760-00672744-00673022 writing something in bangla
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02761-00673023-00673358 i and i use the word adhunik
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02762-00673359-00673566 it really doesn't do the work that the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02763-00673567-00673783 term modern does
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02764-00673784-00673958 right so if i'm writing in english which
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02765-00673959-00674183 is what i'm doing most of the time
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02766-00674184-00674527 i will have to battle with the baggage
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02767-00674528-00674807 of the term even if i use it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02768-00674808-00674895 uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02769-00674896-00675279 as with many terms that we have to use
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02770-00675280-00675399 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02771-00675400-00675807 and i do believe i mean i cannot imagine
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02772-00675808-00676007 uh re i mean
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02773-00676008-00676175 you pick up any
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02774-00676176-00676535 text or any performance or any artwork
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02775-00676536-00676799 of quote unquote modern times in the
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02776-00676800-00676975 context that i am writing
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02777-00676976-00677270 which does not in some senses have is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02778-00677271-00677583 doing a certain trans-temporal
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02779-00677584-00677695 uh uh
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02780-00677696-00677903 act of translation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02781-00677904-00677999 um
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02782-00678000-00678207 and and and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02783-00678208-00678318 so we
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02784-00678319-00678662 we know that chanakya gets reinvented
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02785-00678663-00679022 as a central figure in 20th century
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02786-00679023-00679318 but it's not enough to say that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02787-00679319-00679631 so then i feel compelled to go back and
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02788-00679632-00679847 actually read
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02789-00679848-00680295 at shasta and mudra rakshas
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02790-00680296-00680575 in order to zero in
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02791-00680576-00680814 on what that moment of transformation
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02792-00680815-00681118 20th century moment of transformation is
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02793-00681119-00681327 so i have to do that time travel even
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02794-00681328-00681543 though i may not be competent for it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02795-00681544-00681783 given our disciplinary structures i'm
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02796-00681784-00681951 not trained
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02797-00681952-00682199 in reading ancient indian texts
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02798-00682200-00682462 i do the best as i can but i would say
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02799-00682463-00682710 that there is no avoiding it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02800-00682711-00682958 and we have avoided it all this time at
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02801-00682959-00683191 our own peril
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02802-00683192-00683447 just as there is no avoiding
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02803-00683448-00683703 reading an indonesian text sunil or an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02804-00683704-00684007 arabic text to a chinese text and then
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02805-00684008-00684262 we may do it badly
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02806-00684263-00684510 if we are not trained for it but we must
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02807-00684511-00684710 do it nevertheless
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02808-00684711-00684991 because we have avoided it
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02809-00684992-00685239 for disciplinary reasons at our own
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02810-00685240-00685503 intellectual peril
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02811-00685504-00685622 so i'll just
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02812-00685623-00685935 stop leave it at that
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02813-00685936-00686070 thank you very much i think that's an
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02814-00686071-00686431 excellent note to to leave this on
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02815-00686432-00686695 so thank you very much everybody for
+GRRSmqgbJmQ-02816-00686696-00687152 your contributions and thank you