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+I0Jibt0CTo8-00000-00000012-00000313 the US Senate Environment and Public
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00001-00000314-00000574 Works Subcommittee on Transportation and
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00002-00000575-00000749 Infrastructure is one of four
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00003-00000750-00000977 subcommittees of the US Senate Committee
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00004-00000977-00001307 on Environment and Public Works the
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00005-00001308-00001600 subcommittee's jurisdiction includes
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00006-00001601-00002017 transportation federal highway
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00007-00002018-00002531 administration public buildings Water
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00008-00002532-00003058 Resources Development Act wrd a US Army
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00009-00003059-00003422 Corps of Engineers Stafford Act and
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00010-00003422-00003745 federal disaster relief programs
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00011-00003746-00004154 historic preservation National dam
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00012-00004155-00004517 safety program Mississippi River
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00013-00004518-00004838 Commission green buildings during
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00014-00004839-00005060 committee Organization for the one
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00015-00005061-00005231 hundred and 10th Congress the
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00016-00005232-00005443 subcommittee's responsibility over
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00017-00005444-00005654 transportation safety and security
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00018-00005655-00005870 issues was transferred to a new
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00019-00005871-00006106 Subcommittee on Transportation Safety
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00020-00006107-00006338 infrastructure security and water
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00021-00006339-00006570 quality
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00022-00006570-00006845 equals equals members one hundred and
+I0Jibt0CTo8-00023-00006847-00007164 sixteenth Congress
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00000-00000012-00000269 March 22nd is observed as World water
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00001-00000270-00000484 day every year by the United Nations to
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00002-00000486-00000665 raise awareness about the lack of access
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00003-00000666-00000928 to clean water and the sanitation crisis
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00004-00000930-00001139 facing billions of people
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00005-00001140-00001343 along with this crisis we see the rise
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00006-00001344-00001547 of deadly yet preventable diseases like
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00007-00001548-00001823 cholera the global incidence of Cholera
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00008-00001823-00002068 has been very low since 1990s barring a
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00009-00002069-00002321 few countries in Africa and Asia but
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00010-00002322-00002615 since 2021 23 countries have reported
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00011-00002616-00002879 cholera outbreaks and in 2023 that
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00012-00002880-00003203 number has risen to 29. Anna from the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00013-00003204-00003377 People's Health movement talks about the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00014-00003378-00003677 reasons behind this worrisome Trend so
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00015-00003678-00004115 in 2023 we have seen the continuation of
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00016-00004116-00004349 a very worrisome Trend when it comes to
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00017-00004350-00004847 cholera so in in the past year uh some
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00018-00004848-00005147 countries which didn't have any uh
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00019-00005148-00005452 recorded cholera cases per decades uh
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00020-00005453-00005759 notify the who about outbreaks and this
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00021-00005760-00005986 trend seems to be continuing this year
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00022-00005987-00006304 so uh it's now the number of countries
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00023-00006305-00006491 where there is a recorded cholera
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00024-00006492-00006881 outbreak has risen to almost 30. uh and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00025-00006881-00007120 so as I mentioned uh those include
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00026-00007122-00007367 countries which have had regular color
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00027-00007368-00007673 outbreaks uh occasionally during the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00028-00007673-00007991 year so for example in Malawi but we
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00029-00007992-00008273 have also seen uh cases in Lebanon for
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00030-00008274-00008603 example and that was uh that was uh that
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00031-00008604-00008795 was the first color outbreak in decades
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00032-00008796-00009059 and of course what it shows is that
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00033-00009060-00009377 living conditions are deteriorating uh
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00034-00009378-00009587 and of course there's also the influence
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00035-00009588-00009892 of climate change
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00036-00009893-00010145 but essentially it's down to having
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00037-00010146-00010445 access to safe and potable water which
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00038-00010446-00010709 allows you so to drink it first of all
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00039-00010710-00010985 and then also uh to you know wash the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00040-00010986-00011410 food prepare the food as as it should be
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00041-00011411-00011723 prepared uh and essentially what we are
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00042-00011724-00012010 seeing is that uh hundreds of thousands
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00043-00012011-00012233 of people don't have access to this very
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00044-00012234-00012337 Elementary
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00045-00012338-00012724 resource all right so one of the one of
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00046-00012725-00013115 the outbreaks that actually uh was
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00047-00013116-00013415 talked about most in recent months and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00048-00013416-00013738 with Gujarat is the that of Malawi so as
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00049-00013740-00014033 we speak uh the the number of deaths
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00050-00014034-00014413 from cholera in Malawi has passed uh
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00051-00014413-00014783 1300 so uh it's it's a very large number
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00052-00014784-00014993 of people that have lost lost their
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00053-00014994-00015197 lives to something that's actually
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00054-00015197-00015701 preventable with with very small steps
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00055-00015702-00016013 very simple steps as scholar color and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00056-00016013-00016193 now what we have seen in Malawi just
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00057-00016194-00016458 like in many other places that have been
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00058-00016459-00016739 notifying about color outbreaks is that
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00059-00016740-00016930 the health system is generally weakened
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00060-00016931-00017219 through years of posterity of you know
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00061-00017220-00017567 Savings of not having enough staff and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00062-00017568-00017911 essentially of not having uh enough
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00063-00017912-00018353 very essential equipment uh to for the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00064-00018354-00018586 health system to function so
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00065-00018587-00018744 um you know
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00066-00018745-00019019 over the last three years there has been
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00067-00019020-00019229 in the global North especially a very
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00068-00019230-00019535 big focus on what's going on with
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00069-00019536-00019708 pandemics because of the covid-19
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00070-00019709-00020057 pandemic of course but the response has
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00071-00020058-00020189 been very
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00072-00020190-00020597 um like atomized or they have seen it as
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00073-00020598-00020830 something that happens once and then you
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00074-00020831-00021035 react to this one case and then you
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00075-00021036-00021221 solve the problem and it's gone but it's
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00076-00021222-00021449 actually more complicated than that and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00077-00021450-00021730 cholera shows us that so it's not about
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00078-00021731-00021958 this the single outbreak that happens
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00079-00021959-00022169 and then you put out the outbreak and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00080-00022170-00022399 it's done it's essentially about
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00081-00022400-00022630 strengthening the health system so it
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00082-00022631-00022775 can respond
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00083-00022776-00023105 if the outbreak happens but it should
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00084-00023106-00023441 also be able to respond uh in a way to
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00085-00023442-00023621 prevent the outbreak in the first place
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00086-00023622-00023807 so for that it's essential to have
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00087-00023808-00023950 enough money it's essential to have
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00088-00023951-00024136 enough nurses in a community health
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00089-00024137-00024508 workers uh and uh all these places where
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00090-00024509-00024749 we have color outbreaks right now don't
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00091-00024750-00024989 have those very essential things so
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00092-00024990-00025363 these include the Kenya the Malawi Haiti
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00093-00025364-00025756 uh also Syria and Lebanon as I mentioned
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00094-00025757-00025955 before so essentially a lot of people in
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00095-00025956-00026140 the global South are feeling the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00096-00026141-00026357 pressure of this cholera has continued
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00097-00026358-00026483 to affect the poorest countries
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00098-00026483-00026651 especially those with poor Social
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00099-00026652-00026951 Development Wars conflicts and other
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00100-00026952-00027155 humanitarian emergencies
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00101-00027156-00027377 how important is it to address the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00102-00027377-00027568 question of inequality when dealing with
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00103-00027569-00027749 such Health crises
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00104-00027750-00028102 it's essential it's essential to you
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00105-00028104-00028396 know address the algebraic in different
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00106-00028397-00028733 ways uh so one way of course it's again
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00107-00028733-00028990 the short-term one uh which has been
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00108-00028991-00029201 again quoted a lot of their last couple
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00109-00029202-00029608 of months and it includes vaccines uh
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00110-00029610-00029711 but then
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00111-00029712-00029987 you know if we look a bit uh if we look
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00112-00029988-00030239 a bit beyond that and if we look at what
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00113-00030239-00030502 the UN has been saying for decades is
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00114-00030504-00030731 also that the world should move forward
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00115-00030732-00031024 in providing access to Safe clean and
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00116-00031025-00031312 potable water for everyone uh and in
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00117-00031313-00031468 practice what we have seen is that this
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00118-00031469-00031657 is not happening so there's no no
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00119-00031658-00032020 movement towards achieving that goal
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00120-00032022-00032231 which was included in the Millennium
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00121-00032232-00032381 development goals but also in the
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00122-00032382-00032687 sustainable development goals so
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00123-00032688-00033017 essentially what we need to see uh is
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00124-00033018-00033371 you know uh very basic stuff so just
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00125-00033372-00033599 giving enough money to Health Systems so
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00126-00033600-00033862 they can purchase very cheap equipment
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00127-00033863-00034289 that can uh help them deal with uh with
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00128-00034290-00034571 with patients uh but also you know
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00129-00034572-00034739 building water and sanitation
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00130-00034740-00035033 infrastructure that's uh that that fits
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00131-00035034-00035315 the needs of people and allows them to
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00132-00035316-00035549 live with dignity
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00133-00035550-00036421 thank you foreign
+I23ZvB8-BIy-00134-00036422-00036757 [Music]
+I2PEI6N08GE-00000-00000049-00000423 the Herschel Museum of astronomy at 19
+I2PEI6N08GE-00001-00000424-00000792 New King Street bath England is a museum
+I2PEI6N08GE-00002-00000793-00001227 that was inaugurated in 1981 it is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00003-00001228-00001520 located in a preserved townhouse that
+I2PEI6N08GE-00004-00001521-00001704 was formerly the home of William
+I2PEI6N08GE-00005-00001705-00002505 Herschel and his sister Caroline
+I2PEI6N08GE-00006-00002506-00003067 topic location
+I2PEI6N08GE-00007-00003068-00003334 the museum is situated in the former
+I2PEI6N08GE-00008-00003335-00003636 home of the Herschel's at nineteen new
+I2PEI6N08GE-00009-00003638-00004002 King Street Southside in Bath England
+I2PEI6N08GE-00010-00004003-00004270 the building is a particularly
+I2PEI6N08GE-00011-00004271-00004585 well-preserved small townhouse of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00012-00004586-00004986 period the modest townhouse covers five
+I2PEI6N08GE-00013-00004987-00005302 floors and includes two reception rooms
+I2PEI6N08GE-00014-00005303-00005632 on the ground and first floor the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00015-00005633-00005902 townhouse as part of a terrace that was
+I2PEI6N08GE-00016-00005903-00006994 built around 1760 for 217 lat the rear
+I2PEI6N08GE-00017-00006995-00007306 and slate mansard roofs with pan tiling
+I2PEI6N08GE-00018-00007306-00007666 on the internal slopes the entrance is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00019-00007667-00007909 on the left-hand side of the building
+I2PEI6N08GE-00020-00007909-00008176 which has three stories as well as an
+I2PEI6N08GE-00021-00008177-00008421 attic and basement each of which have
+I2PEI6N08GE-00022-00008422-00008776 two sash windows the building represents
+I2PEI6N08GE-00023-00008777-00009066 a middle-grade Georgian townhouse
+I2PEI6N08GE-00024-00009067-00009352 typical of the homes of artisans and
+I2PEI6N08GE-00025-00009353-00009598 tradesmen of the city of bath but
+I2PEI6N08GE-00026-00009599-00009850 contrasting with baths grand visitor
+I2PEI6N08GE-00027-00009851-00010171 houses the Herschel's moved into 19 new
+I2PEI6N08GE-00028-00010172-00010600 King Street in 1777 at which point the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00029-00010601-00010825 builders would have still been present
+I2PEI6N08GE-00030-00010826-00011079 and the road would have been unmet 'old
+I2PEI6N08GE-00031-00011080-00011353 William discovered Uranus whilst
+I2PEI6N08GE-00032-00011354-00011710 residing in the house in March 1781
+I2PEI6N08GE-00033-00011711-00012007 using a seven feet telescope designed
+I2PEI6N08GE-00034-00012008-00012309 and built in the attached workshop
+I2PEI6N08GE-00035-00012310-00012706 William left Bath in 1782
+I2PEI6N08GE-00036-00012707-00012930 but Caroline along with their brother
+I2PEI6N08GE-00037-00012931-00013263 Alexander remained at the house until
+I2PEI6N08GE-00038-00013263-00013603 1784 the building has been designated by
+I2PEI6N08GE-00039-00013604-00013936 English Heritage as a grade-two asterisk
+I2PEI6N08GE-00040-00013937-00014236 listed building the building was
+I2PEI6N08GE-00041-00014237-00014700 restored in 1981 and again in 2000 using
+I2PEI6N08GE-00042-00014701-00014988 period detailed wallpaper based on
+I2PEI6N08GE-00043-00014990-00015222 fragments discovered in other bath
+I2PEI6N08GE-00044-00015223-00015583 houses and carpets based on 18th century
+I2PEI6N08GE-00045-00015584-00015844 designs
+I2PEI6N08GE-00046-00015846-00016200 you
+I2PEI6N08GE-00047-00016201-00016753 topic museum
+I2PEI6N08GE-00048-00016754-00017230 in 1977 the William Herschel Society was
+I2PEI6N08GE-00049-00017231-00017494 set up to gather support for the rescue
+I2PEI6N08GE-00050-00017495-00017935 of the building it was purchased in 1981
+I2PEI6N08GE-00051-00017936-00018186 with the aid of doctors Leslie and
+I2PEI6N08GE-00052-00018187-00018433 Elizabeth Hillyard saving it from
+I2PEI6N08GE-00053-00018434-00019033 demolition the main-belt asteroid 6395
+I2PEI6N08GE-00054-00019034-00019356 hill yard was later named in their honor
+I2PEI6N08GE-00055-00019357-00019680 the house was subsequently transferred
+I2PEI6N08GE-00056-00019681-00020013 as a donation to the Hershel house trust
+I2PEI6N08GE-00057-00020014-00020371 the museum was opened on the 13th of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00058-00020372-00020800 March 1981 exactly 200 years after
+I2PEI6N08GE-00059-00020801-00021225 Herschel discovered Uranus the museum is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00060-00021226-00021489 governed by the Herschel House trust a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00061-00021490-00021797 registered charity the Baths
+I2PEI6N08GE-00062-00021798-00022056 Preservation Trust became the sole
+I2PEI6N08GE-00063-00022057-00022318 trustee of the Herschel house trust in
+I2PEI6N08GE-00064-00022319-00022797 July 2015 the patrons of the museum have
+I2PEI6N08GE-00065-00022798-00023161 been Patrick more until 2012 and Brian
+I2PEI6N08GE-00066-00023162-00023611 May from December 2013 the museum is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00067-00023612-00023905 curated by Debbie James the museum
+I2PEI6N08GE-00068-00023906-00024346 offers audio tours a virtual tour of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00069-00024347-00024628 museum is available for mobility
+I2PEI6N08GE-00070-00024629-00024884 impaired visitors and a book containing
+I2PEI6N08GE-00071-00024885-00025252 tactile images as available for blind or
+I2PEI6N08GE-00072-00025253-00025639 partially sighted visitors a disabled
+I2PEI6N08GE-00073-00025639-00025942 parking space is located outside of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00074-00025943-00026262 building replica objects in the museum
+I2PEI6N08GE-00075-00026263-00026524 including a replica of Herschel's
+I2PEI6N08GE-00076-00026525-00026779 polishing machine are designed to be
+I2PEI6N08GE-00077-00026780-00027211 handled the museum uses QR codes to
+I2PEI6N08GE-00078-00027212-00027475 provide translations of the display
+I2PEI6N08GE-00079-00027476-00027689 exhibit labels in ten different
+I2PEI6N08GE-00080-00027690-00027985 languages and illustrated trails are
+I2PEI6N08GE-00081-00027986-00028354 available from the shop the museum has a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00082-00028355-00028715 school program and workshop
+I2PEI6N08GE-00083-00028716-00029071 you
+I2PEI6N08GE-00084-00029072-00029732 topic layout and contents
+I2PEI6N08GE-00085-00029733-00030058 the basement contains a kitchen parlor
+I2PEI6N08GE-00086-00030059-00030364 and workshop at ground floor the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00087-00030365-00030586 building has an entrance hall with a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00088-00030587-00030902 staircase a small closet room that is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00089-00030902-00031139 used as a dining room and a large
+I2PEI6N08GE-00090-00031139-00031399 south-facing room at the back of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00091-00031400-00031518 house
+I2PEI6N08GE-00092-00031519-00031852 similar south-facing rooms are present
+I2PEI6N08GE-00093-00031853-00032198 at each level of the building the dining
+I2PEI6N08GE-00094-00032199-00032501 room contains Herschel's dining table on
+I2PEI6N08GE-00095-00032502-00032864 the first floor the music room occupies
+I2PEI6N08GE-00096-00032865-00033070 the closet room and the south-facing
+I2PEI6N08GE-00097-00033071-00033458 room as the drawing room the upper
+I2PEI6N08GE-00098-00033459-00033739 floors provided bedrooms and servant
+I2PEI6N08GE-00099-00033740-00033977 quarters they have subsequently been
+I2PEI6N08GE-00100-00033978-00034657 converted into flats
+I2PEI6N08GE-00101-00034658-00035161 topic kitchen
+I2PEI6N08GE-00102-00035162-00035464 the kitchen incorporates a Victorian
+I2PEI6N08GE-00103-00035465-00035793 cast-iron range and a stone flag floor
+I2PEI6N08GE-00104-00035794-00036142 it contains a replica Georgian house
+I2PEI6N08GE-00105-00036143-00036409 based on the museum's building which is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00106-00036410-00037111 fully furnished inside
+I2PEI6N08GE-00107-00037112-00037658 topic workshop
+I2PEI6N08GE-00108-00037659-00037997 William built a single-story workshop at
+I2PEI6N08GE-00109-00037998-00038252 the rear of the basement extending into
+I2PEI6N08GE-00110-00038253-00038501 the garden he used the workshop to
+I2PEI6N08GE-00111-00038502-00038771 conduct experiments and to construct his
+I2PEI6N08GE-00112-00038772-00039047 lenses and it still contains Herschel's
+I2PEI6N08GE-00113-00039048-00039452 treadle 8th the workshop adjacent to the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00114-00039453-00039731 kitchen was where William and Alexander
+I2PEI6N08GE-00115-00039732-00040079 made their telescopes it contains a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00116-00040080-00040322 replica furnace and a replica of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00117-00040323-00040619 Williams machine for polishing lenses
+I2PEI6N08GE-00118-00040620-00040886 the original of which has in the Science
+I2PEI6N08GE-00119-00040887-00041192 Museum London the replica polishing
+I2PEI6N08GE-00120-00041193-00041441 machine has been designed to be handled
+I2PEI6N08GE-00121-00041442-00041723 and a touchscreen computer demonstrates
+I2PEI6N08GE-00122-00041724-00042506 the tools and machinery in the workshop
+I2PEI6N08GE-00123-00042507-00043200 topic Caroline Lucretia gallery
+I2PEI6N08GE-00124-00043201-00043524 the Caroline Lucretia gallery named
+I2PEI6N08GE-00125-00043525-00043809 after Caroline Herschel was added to the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00126-00043810-00044250 museum in 2011 the gallery was designed
+I2PEI6N08GE-00127-00044251-00044553 by Harry dross architects and as of a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00128-00044554-00044780 modern design with floor-to-ceiling
+I2PEI6N08GE-00129-00044781-00045105 glazing overhanging eaves and a flat
+I2PEI6N08GE-00130-00045106-00045399 stainless-steel stressed skin roof with
+I2PEI6N08GE-00131-00045400-00045651 the solid walls constructed of Bath
+I2PEI6N08GE-00132-00045652-00045912 stone ashlar to match the rest of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00133-00045913-00046311 building inside two walls are the former
+I2PEI6N08GE-00134-00046312-00046578 outer walls of the kitchen and workshop
+I2PEI6N08GE-00135-00046579-00046836 and the other two consist of display
+I2PEI6N08GE-00136-00046837-00047217 panels the limestone slab floor is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00137-00047218-00047577 insulated and heated it cost 80,000
+I2PEI6N08GE-00138-00047578-00047853 pounds which was raised via a two-year
+I2PEI6N08GE-00139-00047854-00048102 funding campaign after planning
+I2PEI6N08GE-00140-00048103-00048498 permission was approved in 2008 it
+I2PEI6N08GE-00141-00048499-00048783 received a prize for building and design
+I2PEI6N08GE-00142-00048784-00049025 from the Bath and North East Somerset
+I2PEI6N08GE-00143-00049026-00049347 Building Control Department the gallery
+I2PEI6N08GE-00144-00049348-00049602 expanded the available space at the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00145-00049603-00049842 Museum and is used for temporary
+I2PEI6N08GE-00146-00049843-00050343 exhibitions in August December 2013 the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00147-00050344-00050613 exhibition was on the art and science of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00148-00050614-00050904 light in the 18th century entitled
+I2PEI6N08GE-00149-00050905-00051252 making light of it and in April to
+I2PEI6N08GE-00150-00051253-00051579 December 2014 it was on Caroline
+I2PEI6N08GE-00151-00051579-00051912 Herschel entitled being Caroline a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00152-00051913-00052407 second self in August December 2015 the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00153-00052408-00052782 temporary exhibit was Waterloo and the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00154-00052783-00053431 march of science
+I2PEI6N08GE-00155-00053432-00053979 topic auditorium
+I2PEI6N08GE-00156-00053979-00054410 the star vault astronomy auditorium
+I2PEI6N08GE-00157-00054411-00054848 opened in 2003 shows a short film about
+I2PEI6N08GE-00158-00054849-00055154 the Herschel's their life living at 19
+I2PEI6N08GE-00159-00055155-00055415 New King Street and modern space
+I2PEI6N08GE-00160-00055416-00056232 exploration narrated by Patrick Moore
+I2PEI6N08GE-00161-00056233-00056735 topic garden
+I2PEI6N08GE-00162-00056736-00056998 the garden has been restored in the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00163-00056999-00057286 style of a formal Georgian town garden
+I2PEI6N08GE-00164-00057287-00057586 with cypress trees and a quince Arbor as
+I2PEI6N08GE-00165-00057587-00057847 well as native medicinal and culinary
+I2PEI6N08GE-00166-00057848-00058135 plants that would have been grown in
+I2PEI6N08GE-00167-00058136-00058693 1794 a 1.25 metres 4.1 feet diameter
+I2PEI6N08GE-00168-00058694-00059047 powder coated steel seed head by Ruth
+I2PEI6N08GE-00169-00059048-00059410 Moily a represents Uranus's position in
+I2PEI6N08GE-00170-00059411-00059773 the 2005 spaced-out model of the solar
+I2PEI6N08GE-00171-00059774-00060085 system which spanned the UK with the Sun
+I2PEI6N08GE-00172-00060086-00060521 at Jodrell Bank Observatory a 1.5 for
+I2PEI6N08GE-00173-00060522-00061030 meters times 0.72 meters five point one
+I2PEI6N08GE-00174-00061031-00061381 feet times two point four feet sculpture
+I2PEI6N08GE-00175-00061382-00061703 of William and Caroline named stargazers
+I2PEI6N08GE-00176-00061704-00061993 by Vivian modal sits against the garden
+I2PEI6N08GE-00177-00061994-00062210 wall close to the entrance to the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00178-00062211-00062615 workshop made of Bath stone and slate it
+I2PEI6N08GE-00179-00062616-00062984 was unveiled in 1988 by Patrick Moore
+I2PEI6N08GE-00180-00062985-00063135 and rod Davies
+I2PEI6N08GE-00181-00063136-00063538 it shows William dressed in a wig jacket
+I2PEI6N08GE-00182-00063539-00063829 and ruffled shirt behind Caroline in a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00183-00063830-00064103 bonnet and holding a quill pen looking
+I2PEI6N08GE-00184-00064104-00064375 at a piece of paper showing a drawing of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00185-00064376-00064615 the solar system with Uranus at the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00186-00064616-00065029 centre an octagonal slate panel was set
+I2PEI6N08GE-00187-00065030-00065224 above their heads engraved with
+I2PEI6N08GE-00188-00065225-00065497 planetary orbits the garden also
+I2PEI6N08GE-00189-00065498-00065815 contains a sundial at the location where
+I2PEI6N08GE-00190-00065816-00066575 William may have placed his telescope
+I2PEI6N08GE-00191-00066576-00067128 topic music room
+I2PEI6N08GE-00192-00067129-00067458 the music room was used by William to
+I2PEI6N08GE-00193-00067459-00067797 teach pupils how to play music it
+I2PEI6N08GE-00194-00067798-00068082 contains a single action pedal harp
+I2PEI6N08GE-00195-00068083-00068346 commissioned by mademoiselle henriette
+I2PEI6N08GE-00196-00068347-00068499 peratt McGinest
+I2PEI6N08GE-00197-00068500-00068940 in 1795 made by George Kusano and son
+I2PEI6N08GE-00198-00068941-00069228 Jacques George Kusano and purchased by
+I2PEI6N08GE-00199-00069229-00069639 the museum in 2012 the harp has carved
+I2PEI6N08GE-00200-00069640-00069939 and decorated in Rococo style with
+I2PEI6N08GE-00201-00069940-00070212 scrolling leaves flowers and Garland's
+I2PEI6N08GE-00202-00070213-00070455 and a soundboard decorated with
+I2PEI6N08GE-00203-00070456-00070776 classical arabesques the music room also
+I2PEI6N08GE-00204-00070777-00071082 contains a modern sculpture of an orrery
+I2PEI6N08GE-00205-00071083-00071478 created in 2009 and based on the 18th
+I2PEI6N08GE-00206-00071479-00071754 century brass drum orrery held at the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00207-00071755-00072321 Museum
+I2PEI6N08GE-00208-00072322-00072875 topic collections
+I2PEI6N08GE-00209-00072876-00073199 the museum holds a small dress worn by
+I2PEI6N08GE-00210-00073200-00073594 Caroline when she was around 15 it is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00211-00073595-00073880 made from white muslin with a blue spot
+I2PEI6N08GE-00212-00073881-00074105 and dates from the last year's of the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00213-00074106-00074516 18th century the museum also has a
+I2PEI6N08GE-00214-00074517-00074834 Thomas Butterfield sundial dating from
+I2PEI6N08GE-00215-00074835-00075187 see point one six nine zero made of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00216-00075188-00075467 silver in the shape of a bird with names
+I2PEI6N08GE-00217-00075468-00075749 of European cities and their latitudes
+I2PEI6N08GE-00218-00075750-00076000 on the back a Copernican armillary
+I2PEI6N08GE-00219-00076001-00076294 sphere by george delhomme marsh made of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00220-00076295-00076594 brass wood and paper and with Herschel's
+I2PEI6N08GE-00221-00076595-00076946 name in uranus on one outer ring a comet
+I2PEI6N08GE-00222-00076947-00077218 areum showing the motion of the comet on
+I2PEI6N08GE-00223-00077219-00077488 its path around the Sun on loan from the
+I2PEI6N08GE-00224-00077489-00077729 Science Museum and paintings of
+I2PEI6N08GE-00225-00077730-00078080 Elizabeth Baldwin by robert muller pre 1
+I2PEI6N08GE-00226-00078081-00078590 7 9 8 and john herschel 1892 a scale
+I2PEI6N08GE-00227-00078591-00078905 model of the 40-foot telescope as well
+I2PEI6N08GE-00228-00078906-00079154 as an early photo of it that is framed
+I2PEI6N08GE-00229-00079155-00079355 in wood from the telescope is
+I2PEI6N08GE-00230-00079356-00080162 undisplaced an encoder book can be
+I2PEI6N08GE-00231-00080163-00080603 viewed on the computer in 2015 it was
+I2PEI6N08GE-00232-00080604-00080810 announced that the museum will house
+I2PEI6N08GE-00233-00080811-00081082 Patrick Moore's collection of objects
+I2PEI6N08GE-00234-00081083-00081469 related to William Herschel
+I44vokFS42I-00000-00000042-00000221 my name is Tom Reeves I'm the general
+I44vokFS42I-00001-00000222-00000371 counsel for the Water Management
+I44vokFS42I-00002-00000372-00000647 District and I've got a slide
+I44vokFS42I-00003-00000648-00000815 presentation on October a little bit
+I44vokFS42I-00004-00000816-00001043 about the Sunshine Law in Florida and
+I44vokFS42I-00005-00001044-00001277 how it applies to you all and what would
+I44vokFS42I-00006-00001278-00001343 be
+I44vokFS42I-00007-00001344-00001577 Sunshine Law is a is a term that you
+I44vokFS42I-00008-00001578-00001780 know people throw around a lot but it
+I44vokFS42I-00009-00001782-00002026 has some some specifics in it that I
+I44vokFS42I-00010-00002027-00002201 think would probably didn't even look at
+I44vokFS42I-00011-00002202-00002417 the first one
+I44vokFS42I-00012-00002418-00002650 the source of the Sunshine Law is
+I44vokFS42I-00013-00002651-00002926 foreign Constitution first off the
+I44vokFS42I-00014-00002927-00003197 symbol in the top left is for the First
+I44vokFS42I-00015-00003198-00003527 Amendment Foundation I am a blatantly
+I44vokFS42I-00016-00003528-00003779 plagiarizing these slides from them they
+I44vokFS42I-00017-00003779-00004061 did a really good presentation
+I44vokFS42I-00018-00004061-00004253 but uh anyway in under the Florida
+I44vokFS42I-00019-00004254-00004438 Constitution it says all meetings of a
+I44vokFS42I-00020-00004439-00004667 collegial body executive branch of any
+I44vokFS42I-00021-00004668-00004804 state government County Municipal
+I44vokFS42I-00022-00004805-00004981 Specialists Etc
+I44vokFS42I-00023-00004982-00005285 will be transactive in the public
+I44vokFS42I-00024-00005286-00005525 collegial body can refer to any board
+I44vokFS42I-00025-00005526-00005836 commission committee Council passports
+I44vokFS42I-00026-00005837-00005968 Etc
+I44vokFS42I-00027-00005969-00006088 all right
+I44vokFS42I-00028-00006089-00006311 now that's the Constitution which gives
+I44vokFS42I-00029-00006312-00006575 you a kind of a broad brush stroke of
+I44vokFS42I-00030-00006576-00006767 what they're trying to do the statutes
+I44vokFS42I-00031-00006768-00007048 give you the specifics the under 286
+I44vokFS42I-00032-00007050-00007319 1011 the Sunshine Law contains very
+I44vokFS42I-00033-00007320-00007559 basic requirements meetings public
+I44vokFS42I-00034-00007559-00007764 agencies must be open to the public
+I44vokFS42I-00035-00007765-00008003 reasonable notice of such meetings must
+I44vokFS42I-00036-00008004-00008273 be given minutes must be taken so those
+I44vokFS42I-00037-00008274-00008537 are kind of the three basic steps and of
+I44vokFS42I-00038-00008538-00008777 course there's technical requirements
+I44vokFS42I-00039-00008778-00009005 for each
+I44vokFS42I-00040-00009006-00009317 um so reasonable notice uh by
+I44vokFS42I-00041-00009318-00009503 development of sunshine laws for
+I44vokFS42I-00042-00009504-00009677 reasonable notice that just makes good
+I44vokFS42I-00043-00009678-00009845 sense it doesn't matter how public the
+I44vokFS42I-00044-00009846-00010001 meeting is if nobody knows you're having
+I44vokFS42I-00045-00010002-00010337 a meeting if they can't attend in order
+I44vokFS42I-00046-00010338-00010505 for a meeting to be public reasonable
+I44vokFS42I-00047-00010506-00010906 noticeable meeting us given and uh in
+I44vokFS42I-00048-00010907-00011051 this case I don't think you all have to
+I44vokFS42I-00049-00011052-00011338 worry about that staff is very uh
+I44vokFS42I-00050-00011339-00011549 is very familiar with how to give notice
+I44vokFS42I-00051-00011550-00011717 it'll be available on the website it'll
+I44vokFS42I-00052-00011718-00011885 be available to people who sign up for
+I44vokFS42I-00053-00011886-00012251 the email
+I44vokFS42I-00054-00012252-00012491 a public participation
+I44vokFS42I-00055-00012492-00012737 so this is kind of a new wrinkle
+I44vokFS42I-00056-00012738-00012996 relatively in the last 10 years or so
+I44vokFS42I-00057-00012997-00013241 originally the Sunshine Law did not
+I44vokFS42I-00058-00013241-00013469 require that the public body allow the
+I44vokFS42I-00059-00013469-00013679 public to say anything that under the
+I44vokFS42I-00060-00013680-00013901 sunshine all of the public body was
+I44vokFS42I-00061-00013902-00014105 allowed to Simply let the public sit and
+I44vokFS42I-00062-00014106-00014422 watch and that was it and the Florida
+I44vokFS42I-00063-00014423-00014736 courts have approved that but
+I44vokFS42I-00064-00014737-00015022 2013 the legislature approved the law
+I44vokFS42I-00065-00015023-00015229 called
+I44vokFS42I-00066-00015230-00015641 286-101.4 which required that boards and
+I44vokFS42I-00067-00015641-00015815 commissions provide the public with a
+I44vokFS42I-00068-00015816-00016055 reasonable opportunity to be heard and
+I44vokFS42I-00069-00016056-00016307 that's a technical term it doesn't mean
+I44vokFS42I-00070-00016308-00016511 they get to say
+I44vokFS42I-00071-00016512-00016685 to break in and while we're having
+I44vokFS42I-00072-00016686-00016865 discussions it doesn't mean any of that
+I44vokFS42I-00073-00016866-00016979 doesn't mean they have to have the
+I44vokFS42I-00074-00016980-00017207 opportunity it ever needed but it means
+I44vokFS42I-00075-00017208-00017405 at some point during this process the
+I44vokFS42I-00076-00017406-00017572 public has to begin the reasonable
+I44vokFS42I-00077-00017573-00017897 opportunity to make confidence now what
+I44vokFS42I-00078-00017898-00018191 we've done here is we've got a
+I44vokFS42I-00079-00018192-00018377 we've got set up and get written
+I44vokFS42I-00080-00018378-00018683 comments anytime that are available and
+I44vokFS42I-00081-00018684-00018839 then during these meetings we're at
+I44vokFS42I-00082-00018840-00019108 least going to have a time today and one
+I44vokFS42I-00083-00019109-00019403 more uh before this is done
+I44vokFS42I-00084-00019404-00019679 um the the issue with reasonable uh
+I44vokFS42I-00085-00019680-00019972 public comment would be if you're going
+I44vokFS42I-00086-00019973-00020249 to set if you start the process and
+I44vokFS42I-00087-00020250-00020411 everybody thinks and certain things are
+I44vokFS42I-00088-00020412-00020650 at issue and you allow reasons and you
+I44vokFS42I-00089-00020651-00020843 allow public comment and then you go
+I44vokFS42I-00090-00020844-00021022 down the path and those issues
+I44vokFS42I-00091-00021023-00021263 completely change you probably need to
+I44vokFS42I-00092-00021264-00021491 reopen it and allow of the comments so
+I44vokFS42I-00093-00021492-00021641 that's what I thought was we're at least
+I44vokFS42I-00094-00021642-00021803 going to give a comment at the start and
+I44vokFS42I-00095-00021804-00022294 the finish that way
+I44vokFS42I-00096-00022295-00022469 um we're allowed to have reasonable
+I44vokFS42I-00097-00022470-00022667 rules we're allowed to remove speakers
+I44vokFS42I-00098-00022668-00023003 that become disruptive now anything and
+I44vokFS42I-00099-00023004-00023207 this is kind of an important one
+I44vokFS42I-00100-00023208-00023393 that goes beyond this
+I44vokFS42I-00101-00023394-00023597 these uh these meetings when we have
+I44vokFS42I-00102-00023598-00023764 these meetings whether they're online or
+I44vokFS42I-00103-00023765-00023927 they're here they are true public
+I44vokFS42I-00104-00023928-00024149 meetings anyone is allowed to have a
+I44vokFS42I-00105-00024150-00024311 camera and anyone's allowed to have a
+I44vokFS42I-00106-00024312-00024641 reporter it used to be a bigger deal as
+I44vokFS42I-00107-00024642-00024808 far as the camera and the reporter
+I44vokFS42I-00108-00024809-00025036 couldn't be disrupted because cameras
+I44vokFS42I-00109-00025037-00025211 were very big and you had to set them up
+I44vokFS42I-00110-00025212-00025492 and all of this sort of stuff today most
+I44vokFS42I-00111-00025493-00025643 of the time there's some of the reports
+I44vokFS42I-00112-00025644-00025775 that they pull the fund out and they
+I44vokFS42I-00113-00025776-00025918 just sit and make sure they report it
+I44vokFS42I-00114-00025919-00026279 that's totally proper but you all need
+I44vokFS42I-00115-00026280-00026440 to know that because
+I44vokFS42I-00116-00026441-00026627 if you if you don't want something on
+I44vokFS42I-00117-00026627-00026783 the front page of the paper don't say it
+I44vokFS42I-00118-00026783-00027005 in here it could very easily be reported
+I44vokFS42I-00119-00027006-00027268 fallback
+I44vokFS42I-00120-00027269-00027401 thank you
+I44vokFS42I-00121-00027402-00027743 uh voting so with a with a sunshine
+I44vokFS42I-00122-00027744-00028024 board uh you have to each of the members
+I44vokFS42I-00123-00028025-00028199 has to vote those votes have to be
+I44vokFS42I-00124-00028200-00028408 recorded those votes have to be reported
+I44vokFS42I-00125-00028410-00028727 by the person so they'll be uh
+I44vokFS42I-00126-00028727-00028937 ultimately the ultimate product here
+I44vokFS42I-00127-00028938-00029207 will be a peer review report and you all
+I44vokFS42I-00128-00029208-00029362 will have to vote on that peer review
+I44vokFS42I-00129-00029363-00029537 report
+I44vokFS42I-00130-00029538-00029758 um there's not necessarily a voting
+I44vokFS42I-00131-00029760-00029962 requirement prior to that that you guys
+I44vokFS42I-00132-00029963-00030220 have kind of discussing it hey what
+I44vokFS42I-00133-00030222-00030437 about this what about that you know
+I44vokFS42I-00134-00030438-00030646 those types But ultimately they'll have
+I44vokFS42I-00135-00030647-00030929 to be a report that's voted on that's
+I44vokFS42I-00136-00030930-00031229 voted on uh cannot be by secret ballot
+I44vokFS42I-00137-00031230-00031493 it has to be a vote attributable in the
+I44vokFS42I-00138-00031494-00031720 minutes to each one of you by name which
+I44vokFS42I-00139-00031722-00032346 is the way I also turn
+I44vokFS42I-00140-00032347-00032699 minutes are not necessarily in reporting
+I44vokFS42I-00141-00032700-00033089 but we do report these meetings
+I44vokFS42I-00142-00033090-00033335 those reportings are public records the
+I44vokFS42I-00143-00033336-00033557 minutes uh just say what would happen
+I44vokFS42I-00144-00033558-00033827 with these types of means again the
+I44vokFS42I-00145-00033828-00034049 ultimate thing that will be produced is
+I44vokFS42I-00146-00034050-00034367 a is a peer review report and so there's
+I44vokFS42I-00147-00034368-00034523 probably only going to be one set of
+I44vokFS42I-00148-00034524-00034768 minutes that say the vote was blank and
+I44vokFS42I-00149-00034769-00035002 that would be the end other than that I
+I44vokFS42I-00150-00035003-00035135 would assume they're going to say things
+I44vokFS42I-00151-00035136-00035412 like discussions had these folks make
+I44vokFS42I-00152-00035413-00035933 presentations you know those types
+I44vokFS42I-00153-00035934-00036023 um now
+I44vokFS42I-00154-00036024-00036371 the sunshine law says that all meetings
+I44vokFS42I-00155-00036372-00036623 have to be public what the courts have
+I44vokFS42I-00156-00036624-00036923 said is that any meeting of the two
+I44vokFS42I-00157-00036924-00037162 members of a sunshine board is
+I44vokFS42I-00158-00037163-00037390 considered a public meeting and it has
+I44vokFS42I-00159-00037391-00037601 to be noticed and have minutes taken
+I44vokFS42I-00160-00037602-00037846 over to the public and all of that but
+I44vokFS42I-00161-00037847-00038105 it says that specifically now it's a
+I44vokFS42I-00162-00038106-00038333 meeting at which some business that
+I44vokFS42I-00163-00038334-00038646 might possibly come before this board
+I44vokFS42I-00164-00038647-00038890 at any meeting where that is discussed
+I44vokFS42I-00165-00038891-00039239 so for instance if two of you go have
+I44vokFS42I-00166-00039240-00039515 lunch and talk about football and all of
+I44vokFS42I-00167-00039516-00039755 that that's not a sunshine line
+I44vokFS42I-00168-00039756-00039946 if two of you go and talk about things
+I44vokFS42I-00169-00039947-00040127 that may have something to do with this
+I44vokFS42I-00170-00040128-00040421 peer review or this NFL that would be a
+I44vokFS42I-00171-00040422-00040571 violation
+I44vokFS42I-00172-00040572-00040817 so you want to be careful about that now
+I44vokFS42I-00173-00040818-00041135 I'll give you uh the the same advice I
+I44vokFS42I-00174-00041136-00041321 give the other boards that I represent
+I44vokFS42I-00175-00041322-00041609 which is uh in these five research
+I44vokFS42I-00176-00041610-00042029 situations perception May well be her
+I44vokFS42I-00177-00042030-00042293 perception is going to be your friend if
+I44vokFS42I-00178-00042294-00042455 you will if you don't do those sorts of
+I44vokFS42I-00179-00042456-00042593 things and you don't know how much to
+I44vokFS42I-00180-00042594-00042724 talk about football because what happens
+I44vokFS42I-00181-00042725-00042899 is people assume you're talking about
+I44vokFS42I-00182-00042900-00043073 this peer review they don't know that
+I44vokFS42I-00183-00043074-00043373 you have lives outside of us and and all
+I44vokFS42I-00184-00043374-00043535 that so my recommendation would be
+I44vokFS42I-00185-00043536-00043762 probably don't do that but if you put
+I44vokFS42I-00186-00043763-00043990 the question to me is it a violation of
+I44vokFS42I-00187-00043991-00044158 the Sunshine Law for us to go to that
+I44vokFS42I-00188-00044159-00044321 football go have lunch and talk about
+I44vokFS42I-00189-00044322-00045089 football my answer is going to be nice
+I44vokFS42I-00190-00045090-00045365 um
+I44vokFS42I-00191-00045366-00045761 oh it also applies it's not just oral
+I44vokFS42I-00192-00045762-00046012 Communications in person it also applies
+I44vokFS42I-00193-00046013-00046296 to phone calls text messages
+I44vokFS42I-00194-00046297-00046661 emails letters any any of that type of
+I44vokFS42I-00195-00046662-00046901 stuff electronically it also applies to
+I44vokFS42I-00196-00046902-00047105 that so there's no exception for
+I44vokFS42I-00197-00047106-00047399 anything any of that so communication
+I44vokFS42I-00198-00047400-00047621 between the three of you needs to be in
+I44vokFS42I-00199-00047622-00047927 another public meeting and that that
+I44vokFS42I-00200-00047928-00048268 meeting May as several of ours will be
+I44vokFS42I-00201-00048269-00048539 maybe electronic and it may be open to
+I44vokFS42I-00202-00048540-00048761 the public via the web and all that but
+I44vokFS42I-00203-00048762-00049174 that's an opening part of me
+I44vokFS42I-00204-00049175-00049433 um so it was covered by the Sunshine Law
+I44vokFS42I-00205-00049434-00049739 that's uh you all are for the purposes
+I44vokFS42I-00206-00049740-00049973 of this meeting again the Foster left to
+I44vokFS42I-00207-00049974-00050458 appoint boards specialist Rewards
+I44vokFS42I-00208-00050459-00050518 um
+I44vokFS42I-00209-00050519-00050855 advisory boards also which this is a
+I44vokFS42I-00210-00050856-00051190 it's a it's an interesting creature
+I44vokFS42I-00211-00051191-00051469 uh freedom because under
+I44vokFS42I-00212-00051470-00051790 373042 is one of the few places in
+I44vokFS42I-00213-00051791-00051970 statute that really does set out some
+I44vokFS42I-00214-00051971-00052151 parameters and all that for peer review
+I44vokFS42I-00215-00052152-00052426 and that's what that statue says is that
+I44vokFS42I-00216-00052427-00052607 the governing board in this case will
+I44vokFS42I-00217-00052608-00052900 DDP where DDP an accident
+I44vokFS42I-00218-00052901-00053159 has to give great weight to the peer
+I44vokFS42I-00219-00053160-00053237 review
+I44vokFS42I-00220-00053238-00053542 now the the issue and the reason that we
+I44vokFS42I-00221-00053544-00053788 think you all are likely to cover by the
+I44vokFS42I-00222-00053789-00053963 Sunshine Law well at least we think
+I44vokFS42I-00223-00053964-00054166 that's likely enough that we're advising
+I44vokFS42I-00224-00054167-00054449 you to act that way is because the
+I44vokFS42I-00225-00054450-00054623 legislature's chose to invest you with
+I44vokFS42I-00226-00054624-00054838 some small portion of government and
+I44vokFS42I-00227-00054839-00055097 power I mean you your report has to be
+I44vokFS42I-00228-00055098-00055349 given right away by these uh deciding
+I44vokFS42I-00229-00055350-00055559 bodies and so we think it's the best
+I44vokFS42I-00230-00055560-00055876 practice is to treat your assumption
+I44vokFS42I-00231-00055877-00056015 right and that's where all this comes
+I44vokFS42I-00232-00056016-00056230 from
+I44vokFS42I-00233-00056232-00056329 um now
+I44vokFS42I-00234-00056329-00056597 the the communications that are
+I44vokFS42I-00235-00056598-00056794 prohibited outside of a public meeting
+I44vokFS42I-00236-00056795-00057059 are between the freedom there is no
+I44vokFS42I-00237-00057060-00057335 similar prohibition for you talking to
+I44vokFS42I-00238-00057336-00057616 staff you talking to the public if you
+I44vokFS42I-00239-00057617-00057761 wish that's their requirement that
+I44vokFS42I-00240-00057762-00057887 you're talking to the public but there's
+I44vokFS42I-00241-00057888-00058115 no sunshine violation
+I44vokFS42I-00242-00058116-00058354 there there's no prohibition that's
+I44vokFS42I-00243-00058355-00058600 anywhere now I generally tell my
+I44vokFS42I-00244-00058601-00058841 sunshine boards I don't think it's it's
+I44vokFS42I-00245-00058841-00059021 just that it's there's not a Prohibition
+I44vokFS42I-00246-00059022-00059237 I think it's a requirement to do your
+I44vokFS42I-00247-00059238-00059363 job you're going to have to talk to
+I44vokFS42I-00248-00059364-00059476 staff you're going to have to get
+I44vokFS42I-00249-00059477-00059566 information
+I44vokFS42I-00250-00059567-00059741 that I have to do all that with that
+I44vokFS42I-00251-00059741-00059969 absolutely appropriate and in fact
+I44vokFS42I-00252-00059970-00060191 correct but you have to be careful of
+I44vokFS42I-00253-00060191-00060473 those it's very tempting and when I say
+I44vokFS42I-00254-00060474-00060719 something I mean the conversation is
+I44vokFS42I-00255-00060720-00060941 just kind of naturally go that way if
+I44vokFS42I-00256-00060941-00061091 you're talking to staff and you say well
+I44vokFS42I-00257-00061091-00061330 gosh what that has board member blank
+I44vokFS42I-00258-00061332-00061529 asked about this or what have you know
+I44vokFS42I-00259-00061529-00061721 are the other guys asking about these
+I44vokFS42I-00260-00061722-00061907 sorts of things you can't do any of that
+I44vokFS42I-00261-00061908-00062129 because staff can't be a conduit
+I44vokFS42I-00262-00062129-00062441 different and they they can't be I guess
+I44vokFS42I-00263-00062441-00062597 what do they call the liaison I think
+I44vokFS42I-00264-00062598-00062849 that's what they uh call and that's
+I44vokFS42I-00265-00062850-00062926 perfect
+I44vokFS42I-00266-00062927-00063203 so again it's critical that you'd be
+I44vokFS42I-00267-00063204-00063347 able to talk to staff and whoever you
+I44vokFS42I-00268-00063348-00063580 need to talk to do your job but
+I44vokFS42I-00269-00063582-00063815 um you can't they can't pull you or any
+I44vokFS42I-00270-00063816-00064079 of that now there there is an exception
+I44vokFS42I-00271-00064079-00064337 to that a little bit because staff may
+I44vokFS42I-00272-00064338-00064529 have to pull you on things like setting
+I44vokFS42I-00273-00064529-00064787 up meetings you know clearing schedules
+I44vokFS42I-00274-00064788-00064985 all that sort of stuff that that's
+I44vokFS42I-00275-00064986-00065603 acceptable but nothing sucks
+I44vokFS42I-00276-00065604-00066053 um okay
+I44vokFS42I-00277-00066054-00066347 um presumptions openness the Florida
+I44vokFS42I-00278-00066348-00066497 Supreme Court has said they're going to
+I44vokFS42I-00279-00066498-00066688 construe the Sunshine Law very liberally
+I44vokFS42I-00280-00066689-00067061 in favor of public supply of access only
+I44vokFS42I-00281-00067062-00067282 the legislature can create an exemption
+I44vokFS42I-00282-00067283-00067559 uh to the Sunshine Law the point of that
+I44vokFS42I-00283-00067560-00067799 is the Democratic statute somebody can
+I44vokFS42I-00284-00067800-00068050 give you saying this is not uh there's
+I44vokFS42I-00285-00068051-00068243 an exception that applies here about
+I44vokFS42I-00286-00068244-00068638 that exception doesn't mean
+I44vokFS42I-00287-00068639-00068873 um Sunshine along violations under
+I44vokFS42I-00288-00068874-00069065 Florida law a public officer
+I44vokFS42I-00289-00069066-00069323 unintentionally violence the sunshine
+I44vokFS42I-00290-00069324-00069587 laws built in a non-priminal infraction
+I44vokFS42I-00291-00069588-00069905 and it is possible to be punished up to
+I44vokFS42I-00292-00069906-00070132 the five thousand dollars intentional
+I44vokFS42I-00293-00070133-00070621 violations of misdemeanor
+I44vokFS42I-00294-00070622-00070882 public officers who are intentionally
+I44vokFS42I-00295-00070883-00071075 violent Sunshine laws subject to
+I44vokFS42I-00296-00071076-00071375 suspension removal
+I44vokFS42I-00297-00071376-00071669 the agency that someone has to bring in
+I44vokFS42I-00298-00071670-00071861 lawsuits and of course the Sunshine Law
+I44vokFS42I-00299-00071862-00072323 that chemicals inside the cost
+I44vokFS42I-00300-00072324-00072544 um attorneys Visa costs can be assessed
+I44vokFS42I-00301-00072545-00072694 against the individual member of the
+I44vokFS42I-00302-00072695-00072941 board if they if the court fines are
+I44vokFS42I-00303-00072942-00073163 appropriate but if the board member
+I44vokFS42I-00304-00073164-00073349 seeks advice on whether or not something
+I44vokFS42I-00305-00073350-00073582 is a violation of sunshine relies on
+I44vokFS42I-00306-00073583-00073913 that advice
+I44vokFS42I-00307-00073914-00074111 um the individual
+I44vokFS42I-00308-00074112-00074363 the plaintiff in that case would get
+I44vokFS42I-00309-00074364-00074609 their fees at Cost paid but it would not
+I44vokFS42I-00310-00074610-00074909 go against the end of it
+I44vokFS42I-00311-00074910-00075275 um I think that's it so that's kind of
+I44vokFS42I-00312-00075276-00075449 quick uh
+I44vokFS42I-00313-00075450-00075629 are there questions
+I44vokFS42I-00314-00075630-00075877 yeah I
+I4sock-HehE-00000-00000139-00000588 hold on
+I4sock-HehE-00001-00000589-00000714 assalamualaikum everyone
+I4sock-HehE-00002-00000715-00001212 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00003-00001213-00001499 making this weekend game song
+I4sock-HehE-00004-00001500-00001913 performance video and in stage new stage
+I4sock-HehE-00005-00001914-00002141 yes right so my name is similar from
+I4sock-HehE-00006-00002142-00002297 Algeria North Africa with my Morocco
+I4sock-HehE-00007-00002298-00002507 continuity deviation music video and you
+I4sock-HehE-00008-00002508-00002645 can switch off buttons okay because the
+I4sock-HehE-00009-00002646-00003007 duration about the end of your lovers yo
+I4sock-HehE-00010-00003008-00003335 loversial button and follow me on
+I4sock-HehE-00011-00003336-00003545 Instagram and Tick Tock means so much to
+I4sock-HehE-00012-00003546-00003706 me as much button subscribe that's all
+I4sock-HehE-00013-00003707-00003935 you need it is a free you need nothing
+I4sock-HehE-00014-00003936-00004259 to do just free and free and free
+I4sock-HehE-00015-00004260-00004433 another stuff that you already know with
+I4sock-HehE-00016-00004434-00004895 three two one it's coming right now okay
+I4sock-HehE-00017-00004896-00005086 let's start
+I4sock-HehE-00018-00005087-00005810 foreign
+I4sock-HehE-00019-00005811-00007884 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00020-00007884-00010301 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00021-00010302-00010492 foreign
+I4sock-HehE-00023-00014190-00015074 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00024-00015075-00016227 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00025-00016228-00017249 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00026-00017250-00017549 foreign
+I4sock-HehE-00027-00017550-00018615 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00028-00018616-00021397 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00029-00021398-00021709 oh my gosh
+I4sock-HehE-00030-00021710-00022566 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00031-00022567-00023821 [Music]
+I4sock-HehE-00032-00023822-00024247 OMG oh my God
+I4sock-HehE-00033-00024248-00024689 yo lovers it's amazing with amazing and
+I4sock-HehE-00034-00024690-00024893 it was amazing I love it I love it I
+I4sock-HehE-00035-00024894-00025144 love it so if you love my face my
+I4sock-HehE-00036-00025145-00025342 reaction everything has smash a button
+I4sock-HehE-00037-00025343-00025522 subscribe follow me in Instagram and
+I4sock-HehE-00038-00025523-00025768 Tick Tock it means so much to me it's a
+I4sock-HehE-00039-00025769-00026027 free and nothing to you you need to do
+I4sock-HehE-00040-00026027-00026231 nothing just subscribe follow me on
+I4sock-HehE-00041-00026232-00026458 Instagram and Tick Tock that's all you
+I4sock-HehE-00042-00026460-00026602 need to do and see you next video
+I4sock-HehE-00043-00026604-00026758 inshallah thank you for watching and
+I4sock-HehE-00044-00026760-00027224 peace love assalamualaikum everyone
+I6Pan80kOfY-00000-00001363-00001726 I'm the one of those residents who are
+I6Pan80kOfY-00001-00001727-00002081 just out of the building and all our
+I6Pan80kOfY-00002-00002082-00002339 things have been looted already but up
+I6Pan80kOfY-00003-00002340-00002626 to now no any compensation is received
+I6Pan80kOfY-00004-00002627-00002999 we lost some groceries some clothes and
+I6Pan80kOfY-00005-00003000-00003281 all our Necessities so we are kind to
+I6Pan80kOfY-00006-00003282-00003622 ask you from the public to stay
+I6Pan80kOfY-00007-00003623-00004025 sympathize with us and to advise us or
+I6Pan80kOfY-00008-00004026-00004372 to give us some procedures to be taken
+I6Pan80kOfY-00009-00004373-00004588 so that we can reach the point of
+I6Pan80kOfY-00010-00004589-00005093 receiving our things looted by those
+I6Pan80kOfY-00011-00005094-00005525 people to be believed to be the tutula
+I6Pan80kOfY-00012-00005526-00005795 movement together the owner of the
+I6Pan80kOfY-00013-00005796-00006065 business of the building thank you thank
+I6Pan80kOfY-00014-00006066-00006266 you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00000-00000058-00000386 yeah yeah welcome back to the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00001-00000387-00000572 walkthrough or thinking about stuff off
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00002-00000573-00000925 camera I realize I'm kind of getting to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00003-00000926-00001385 the end of stuff like regarding dialogue
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00004-00001386-00001591 that I may miss at this moment in time
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00005-00001592-00001807 so I think I'm gonna run over to a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00006-00001809-00002066 couple places and talk to a bunch of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00007-00002067-00002275 people first hello welcome to the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00008-00002276-00002434 challenge hall timestamps are in the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00009-00002435-00002572 side and description you know as usual
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00010-00002573-00002842 this is the building here we hold the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00011-00002843-00003034 challenge cup tournament but we can't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00012-00003035-00003217 hold a new Cup since everyone's cards
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00013-00003218-00003511 are missing on there who did that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00014-00003513-00003734 please do something it's always on me I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00015-00003735-00004111 swear it's no use I shouldn't have even
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00016-00004112-00004352 come don't be a Challenge Cup held until
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00017-00004353-00004568 everyone's cards are returned if you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00018-00004569-00004756 didn't know a Challenge Cup is a famous
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00019-00004757-00004922 card tournament the prize for reading it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00020-00004923-00005231 is a special for emotional card but we
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00021-00005232-00005504 have no access to the tournament for a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00022-00005505-00005752 while I guess Team GRS to go away before
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00023-00005753-00006022 can start huh anybody but do you think a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00024-00006023-00006272 look-see around here is gots the red
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00025-00006273-00006605 carpets of prestigious nests but the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00026-00006606-00006921 doors on the sides are completely gone
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00027-00006922-00007253 did I also just cement it over that to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00028-00007254-00008006 avoid any confusion in the future happen
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00029-00008006-00008239 to have a gravelly level 29 car would
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00030-00008240-00008258 you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00031-00008259-00008462 if you do well pebble off one of my
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00032-00008463-00008714 other cards let's see you a Wigglytuff
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00033-00008715-00009224 level 36 I not now you know what rate oh
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00034-00009225-00009449 don't be so stone-cold are we waiting
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00035-00009450-00009602 for the thing but you save me a gravelly
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00036-00009603-00009805 level 20 I don't think I have that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00037-00009806-00010292 actually ah let's see here no no no no
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00038-00010293-00010378 no yeah no
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00039-00010379-00010733 did you because I'm kind of low on I do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00040-00010734-00011108 have one hmm
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00041-00011109-00011471 okay maybe I will I could have swore I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00042-00011472-00011936 had the other version of gravel er okay
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00043-00011937-00012099 [Music]
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00044-00012100-00012746 G what G anyiah Guiness gravel er a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00045-00012747-00012971 Louisville time okay okay and here's my
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00046-00012972-00013453 Wigglytuff level 36 card s promise oh
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00047-00013454-00013844 very good card actually it's probably an
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00048-00013844-00014008 uneven trade cause this is way more
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00049-00014009-00014177 powerful in the gravel er it's got the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00050-00014178-00014497 lullaby put knocks out the pulp well it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00051-00014498-00014791 sleeps the Pokemon and do the way which
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00052-00014793-00014963 is quite a powerful attack you can
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00053-00014963-00015163 double colorless power it up but you get
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00054-00015165-00015355 ten damage was ten more for each of your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00055-00015356-00015641 bench professor oak bill called family
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00056-00015641-00016000 etc etc incredibly good card to have I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00057-00016001-00016291 feel so much bolder with my new gravel
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00058-00016293-00016514 er card I think I get the feeling I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00059-00016515-00016675 missed a joke somewhere in that other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00060-00016676-00016946 word that I paused at aha thanks again
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00061-00016947-00017363 for the girly level 29 you're welcome
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00062-00017364-00017509 there's a Challenge Cup also a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00063-00017510-00017852 commission dude a team gr gr jerks
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00064-00017853-00018019 disappear this you know the next couple
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00065-00018020-00018253 starts we've been waiting a long time
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00066-00018254-00018488 with the Challenge Cup but no one seems
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00067-00018489-00018869 to have any guards no I guess I'll wait
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00068-00018870-00019072 it all just sit up this table all game
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00069-00019073-00019352 instead of battling the gr peeps total
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00070-00019353-00019519 this pokemon are very easy use in duels
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00071-00019520-00019658 you may use any type of energy to power
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00072-00019659-00019822 their attacks that's actually be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00073-00019823-00020039 included indexes of any energy type as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00074-00020040-00020275 I've shown before check them all out
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00075-00020276-00020558 like Wigglytuff there are other ways to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00076-00020559-00020699 get new cars besides the feeding other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00077-00020700-00020872 players if you card pop with a friend
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00078-00020873-00021053 yeah we both receive a new card off you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00079-00021054-00021280 don't get one car to meet friend you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00080-00021281-00021440 should card pop but many friends collect
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00081-00021441-00021572 lots of cards
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00082-00021573-00021794 600 types of grass water fighter lecture
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00083-00021795-00021950 everybody anything we went through all
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00084-00021951-00022193 these they're all special this is like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00085-00022194-00022427 bikini beginner box at this point also
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00086-00022428-00022658 special energy cards beyond these six
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00087-00022659-00022834 basic types and any number of basic
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00088-00022835-00023066 energy cards can be put into a deck but
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00089-00023067-00023272 only for each special energy card is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00090-00023273-00023561 allow order and we're off
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00091-00023562-00023887 it's not the challenge hall now pokemon
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00092-00023888-00024169 dome is even less to see here well I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00093-00024170-00024335 guess I guess there's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00094-00024336-00024536 my gosh I'm gonna go I guess as the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00095-00024537-00024799 bookshelves but I mean over here this is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00096-00024800-00025220 yeah this gee I remember just sitting
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00097-00025221-00025391 around here having a good time really
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00098-00025392-00025793 mmm those doors off limits the Grand
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00099-00025794-00025922 Master's can open up and they're not
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00100-00025923-00026002 here are they
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00101-00026004-00026552 and okay I'll check with you that's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00102-00026552-00026720 right team great rocket is taking over
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00103-00026720-00026963 the Pokemon though grandmasters epic
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00104-00026964-00027139 caught up taking the GR Island so that's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00105-00027141-00027350 what happened to them once it done with
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00106-00027351-00027617 our takeover very last Carthoris
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00107-00027618-00027794 oh come on trading cards is simply
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00108-00027795-00028055 wasted on the likes of you fools they'll
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00109-00028056-00028211 pick all the best cards for our decks
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00110-00028212-00028529 and locks the rest away themed Jarl have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00111-00028530-00029047 all the cards in the world
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00112-00029048-00029258 ingeras what one purpose is it to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00113-00029258-00029408 collect every Pokemon Trading Card in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00114-00029408-00029585 the world
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00115-00029586-00029945 and now we know some lore in such a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00116-00029945-00030131 legendary Pokemon cards you must first
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00117-00030132-00030295 defeat the four grandmasters in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00118-00030297-00030454 successive card duels
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00119-00030455-00030814 portney Steve Jack and rod each is a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00120-00030816-00031108 skill card player anyone who emerges as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00121-00031110-00031352 victor will inherit the pokemon cards of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00122-00031352-00031615 a legend okay bookshelves first
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00123-00031616-00031886 legendary pokemon card is mulches low 37
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00124-00031887-00032162 remember these from the first game maybe
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00125-00032163-00032342 you do fire energy comes your hand
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00126-00032343-00032492 thanks to its fire give your Pokemon
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00127-00032493-00032744 power dive bombers attacked us serious
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00128-00032745-00032956 damage when it hits it's a coin flip
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00129-00032957-00033185 Grandmaster Courtney the fire queen as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00130-00033186-00033620 this car zap those level 68 power of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00131-00033621-00033761 thunder it's as damage just from being
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00132-00033762-00034130 put in play very risky card though ya
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00133-00034131-00034340 know pokemon is safe as it can also
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00134-00034341-00034765 attack you're all in the critters steve
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00135-00034766-00034994 has got the car I would accrue to a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00136-00034995-00035294 level 37 it's quick freeze can cause
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00137-00035295-00035504 paralysis combine that let's scoop up
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00138-00035505-00035687 and you can have double the chances of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00139-00035688-00035978 paralysis per turn ice breath is purely
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00140-00035979-00036263 powerful as well as the card Grandmaster
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00141-00036264-00036581 Jack Iceman is known for the fourth
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00142-00036582-00036773 legendary pokemon card is Dragonite it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00143-00036774-00037037 can heal Pokemon when it pops into play
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00144-00037038-00037211 with healing wind
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00145-00037212-00037562 and slam is okay I get to it's more for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00146-00037563-00037904 the healing wind and the dragon master
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00147-00037905-00038065 rod is got it's for Grand Master's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00148-00038066-00038215 defendant left nary Pokemon cards
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00149-00038216-00038371 Courtney Steve Jack and rod they're all
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00150-00038372-00038552 master players of the Pokemon Trading
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00151-00038553-00038648 Card Game
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00152-00038649-00038946 minimally Hugh this from somewhere else
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00153-00038947-00039190 going to use of certain attacks and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00154-00039191-00039380 other events during play here are
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00155-00039381-00039587 purportedly 24 different coins or
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00156-00039588-00039995 players to collect oh man and we've only
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00157-00039996-00040214 got a small chunk of them where are the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00158-00040215-00040481 rest of those coins on you'll get coins
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00159-00040482-00040667 from all sites places good luck finding
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00160-00040668-00040990 them all alright now the last place is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00161-00040991-00041386 the airport gr airports FIFA sites oh
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00162-00041387-00041626 wait a second
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00163-00041627-00041912 gr number 5 you are at the challenge
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00164-00041913-00042237 hall but you're alright now you're here
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00165-00042238-00042656 how did you do that only the chosen ones
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00166-00042657-00042824 may pass you don't have the footage of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00167-00042825-00043010 our gr pieces required to be one of the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00168-00043011-00043262 chosen if you want in find the G our
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00169-00043263-00043406 members numbered 1 through 4 on the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00170-00043407-00043571 island if you manage to feed them all in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00171-00043572-00043793 cart duels I'll step aside every member
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00172-00043794-00043976 you defeat will award you with gr corn
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00173-00043977-00044162 peace beat them all you'll be given a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00174-00044163-00044351 ride to gr island well I could just beat
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00175-00044352-00044452 him up to get past
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00176-00044453-00044962 oh yeah okay fine I'm the nonviolent
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00177-00044963-00045218 type oh wait we have an airship bond for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00178-00045219-00045404 sure heartland departing soon in order
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00179-00045405-00045524 to borrowed you'll need to click before
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00180-00045525-00045712 gr coin pieces please find the coin
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00181-00045713-00045857 piece if you'd like to ride so yeah this
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00182-00045858-00046118 is a destination for us in the future we
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00183-00046119-00046408 could not speak to or the Statue oh but
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00184-00046409-00046615 take a look at the statue
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00185-00046616-00046901 it's a bust of our King realists evening
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00186-00046902-00047162 he's the man who made team Gia's new
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00187-00047163-00047360 cards he's so amazing
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00188-00047361-00047893 don't you think hmm
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00189-00047894-00048083 so he's the guy who's been
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00190-00048084-00048398 counterfeiting cards and some things
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00191-00048399-00048506 you'll need if you want to take an
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00192-00048507-00048692 airship here gr garden pieces you could
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00193-00048693-00048943 fly any time if you have them but how
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00194-00048944-00049321 can I get some gr coin pieces have you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00195-00049322-00050195 not talked to never mind where's I go
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00196-00050196-00050348 and that's right lightning club now we
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00197-00050349-00050612 can finish off the rest of these
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00198-00050613-00050983 deuter's here hopefully with our fire
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00199-00050984-00051220 power deck ready
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00200-00051221-00051425 did you beat Nikolas you've got a fight
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00201-00051426-00051565 oh maybe I missed some dialogue there
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00202-00051566-00051958 poopers hmm hmm did you beat the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00203-00051959-00052223 necklace you gotta fight me next no sure
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00204-00052224-00052385 your guitar me now now but don't forget
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00205-00052386-00052582 us here you're probably the only one
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00206-00052583-00052784 strong enough to take Ballinger number 4
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00207-00052785-00053048 oh so you were not I mean you weren't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00208-00053049-00053462 just swooned by the girl Ness I'm no
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00209-00053463-00053581 choice but to fight me if you want to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00210-00053582-00053759 get the gr number 4 even if we won't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00211-00053760-00054004 look like it's you gotta beat me first
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00212-00054004-00054239 actually wait a second what about you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00213-00054240-00054466 you feat Nikolas and Isaac before you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00214-00054467-00054616 even think about doing maybe somehow
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00215-00054617-00054766 manage to pull it off yeah I did I get
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00216-00054767-00054941 together I got that before okay just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00217-00054941-00055054 ought to make sure because I beat
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00218-00055055-00055319 Nikolas and I thought the dialogue may
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00219-00055320-00055516 have changed all right Isaac
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00220-00055517-00055778 Club master it's a duel to end all duels
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00221-00055779-00055975 try to enjoy yourself
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00222-00055976-00056440 the skyvolt Duck is a go/no
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00223-00056441-00056639 self-destructing this style is God
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00224-00056640-00057011 different deck and he's ready to rock
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00225-00057012-00057890 the world what my portly balance like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00226-00057891-00058412 Flair it just seems like I got less like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00227-00058413-00058709 of stuff that I should have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00228-00058710-00059204 yeah if I don't get a basic on my next
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00229-00059204-00059519 turn or at least evolve a tad up I'm a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00230-00059520-00060326 goner oh it works Gilda oh jeez there
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00231-00060327-00060514 goes the speed all this funny damage
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00232-00060515-00060650 what do I get
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00233-00060651-00061253 okay macho pink Arceus let's do a free
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00234-00061254-00061403 retreat in the mop shop does I'll be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00235-00061404-00061628 able to automatically knock it out and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00236-00061629-00061904 I'm even need to energy removal anything
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00237-00061904-00062183 cuz he's got the only energy card on
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00238-00062184-00062537 Voltorb and everything so but the DA and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00239-00062538-00062741 Isaac's got some flying-type pokémon to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00240-00062741-00063050 resist our fighters saw that could be a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00241-00063051-00063386 problem but at the same time maybe not
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00242-00063387-00063557 because I could stall at the very least
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00243-00063558-00063902 for some more critters okay Spiro like I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00244-00063903-00064091 can't really attack the Machop I'll give
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00245-00064091-00064301 you a rundown of the Pidgey got regular
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00246-00064302-00064472 dusty quick attack handy with 20
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00247-00064473-00064772 additional damage so that could be a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00248-00064773-00065135 little bit on the risky side if I don't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00249-00065136-00065543 energy all that wats I don't wanna I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00250-00065544-00065978 don't know I don't know I think I'm just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00251-00065979-00066284 gonna end off my turn here and see what
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00252-00066285-00066458 happens you might decide the powerup
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00253-00066459-00066767 stuff on the bench or not but let's see
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00254-00066768-00067067 if it does Tony extra okay so as if he
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00255-00067068-00067256 has a 50-50 chance basically and now I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00256-00067257-00067409 think I'm gonna use the super energy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00257-00067410-00067622 removal he's got because the thing about
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00258-00067623-00067787 it was he wasn't gonna be able to knock
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00259-00067788-00068069 out my chop anyway so I was like yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00260-00068070-00068279 should I let much I'll potentially take
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00261-00068280-00068777 30 damage instead of 10 maybe because
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00262-00068778-00068912 it's not gonna knock at all or anyway
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00263-00068913-00069155 okay let's suck up that energy for pity
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00264-00069156-00069521 he is probably just rolling around in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00265-00069522-00069785 anguish right now but he has no other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00266-00069786-00069970 choice but to do so and yes I could
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00267-00069971-00070271 force a swap over to another Pokemon
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00268-00070272-00070517 with gust of wind but I can do that any
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00269-00070518-00070968 time so
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00270-00070969-00071302 so I'm just gonna keep focusing on Spiro
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00271-00071303-00071617 here do a retreat and then dueling
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00272-00071618-00071977 attack it's kind of save my Mach chop
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00273-00071978-00072277 far when it can do more damages stuff
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00274-00072278-00072340 anyway
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00275-00072341-00072532 you know like because I can you know
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00276-00072533-00072817 force a cycle out basically by knocking
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00277-00072818-00073186 this PG out hopefully another ma chop
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00278-00073187-00073570 nice that will be handy verse is the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00279-00073571-00073795 lightning but let's wing attack for now
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00280-00073796-00074497 oh and next turn and here's a go go you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00281-00074498-00074788 know trying to use the double damage
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00282-00074789-00075229 weakness I see clever move clever move
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00283-00075230-00075496 that's okay I'm still working on getting
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00284-00075497-00075820 my bad hand started out anyway so we are
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00285-00075821-00075970 good actually you know what I should do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00286-00075971-00076213 but not chop all that you know the week
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00287-00076214-00076627 mod shop and then I was actually
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00288-00076628-00076834 expecting I mean I thought I'd had
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00289-00076835-00077080 another fire excuse me and I was like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00290-00077081-00077317 well well I can still use it as I guess
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00291-00077318-00077433 you could say fodder
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00292-00077434-00077836 um yeah because I got the other mop shop
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00293-00077837-00078394 waiting in the wings so attach this is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00294-00078395-00078607 something but I don't really I mean I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00295-00078608-00078712 could do it the Rattata
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00296-00078713-00078922 but Rattata is on the weak side itself
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00297-00078923-00079162 so yeah I was just kind of a bad opening
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00298-00079163-00079462 hand and of course oh really
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00299-00079463-00080016 no energies okay energy removal huh
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00300-00080017-00080401 so now that I know well I know he
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00301-00080402-00080932 doesn't have energy I guess I could do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00302-00080933-00081148 that and prepare for a future switch
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00303-00081149-00081682 shift need be yeah energy from magma
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00304-00081683-00081931 magma it would have been much more
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00305-00081932-00082404 versatile versus everything alright
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00306-00082405-00082667 house opening hands
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00307-00082668-00082917 nobody has I've been having lately have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00308-00082918-00083313 just been coop oh yes yes a Garcias hey
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00309-00083314-00083523 Garcias I mean yes I'm gonna drop an
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00310-00083524-00083691 energy or mobile to do this but think
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00311-00083692-00084108 Arceus actually but I should do just try
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00312-00084109-00084348 and get a knock out here switch the Volt
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00313-00084349-00084501 or because I'm gonna probably end up
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00314-00084502-00084855 switching to something anyway and yeah I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00315-00084856-00085026 guess I'll professor wrong guy I got it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00316-00085027-00085254 it's sad to lose the other two your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00317-00085255-00085521 removal a desperate times call for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00318-00085522-00085728 desperate measures like where are all my
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00319-00085729-00086105 draw cards typically lately and yeah and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00320-00086106-00086577 there's the little energy again is so so
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00321-00086578-00086784 weird
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00322-00086785-00086955 no I don't like that I don't even have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00323-00086956-00087315 another fire okay you're just you're
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00324-00087316-00087489 just messing with me now aren't you okay
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00325-00087490-00087627 I'm gonna I'm gonna use this match up
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00326-00087628-00087915 the stall with more HP and then I'm
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00327-00087916-00088289 gonna do this I'm gonna attach a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00328-00088290-00088835 fighting to Charmander and hopefully
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00329-00088836-00089076 hopefully things will turn around on the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00330-00089077-00089307 next day because you know I can always
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00331-00089308-00089571 potentially get a Charizard like another
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00332-00089572-00089913 Charmeleon or yeah you'll be odd for now
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00333-00089914-00090222 I'll just kind of just like stall things
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00334-00090223-00090558 out here actually maybe I should just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00335-00090559-00090771 drop the Charizard and go for another
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00336-00090772-00091023 Professor Oak because I I'm just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00337-00091024-00091761 constantly in peril somehow I don't okay
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00338-00091762-00091974 there's the term really I can still use
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00339-00091975-00092145 the Charmeleon on itself I just won't be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00340-00092146-00092550 able to Charizard it up ah it's like I I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00341-00092551-00092772 don't understand my horrendous early
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00342-00092773-00093141 game has I didn't like just think about
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00343-00093142-00093390 it when I music professor oh it's like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00344-00093391-00093654 drawing a whole new starting game hand
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00345-00093655-00093735 oh there's another one
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00346-00093736-00093981 because it's seven more cards and then I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00347-00093982-00094185 get better cards after that but it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00348-00094186-00094431 like my opening hands are messing me
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00349-00094432-00094716 over but at the same time I'm still
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00350-00094717-00094935 somehow recovering
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00351-00094936-00095179 I'm not sure how it works either it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00352-00095180-00095453 maybe I guess I start out with bad luck
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00353-00095454-00095825 and then I start getting good luck now
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00354-00095826-00096096 technically is no such thing as luck
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00355-00096097-00096309 because the cars are predetermined after
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00356-00096310-00096655 the shuffle you know is you could say
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00357-00096656-00097197 okay Charmeleon is a go and this is I'm
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00358-00097198-00097359 gonna knock out that Pidgey anyway I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00359-00097360-00097521 mean excuse me knocked out the Voltorb
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00360-00097522-00097815 anyway energy removal that prepare
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00361-00097816-00098132 another energy card we should probably
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00362-00098133-00098767 get that on the bench and philemon off
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00363-00098768-00099110 for the prize card
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00364-00099111-00099410 ah okay maybe all my energy cars in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00365-00099411-00099632 prize cards like they are doing the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00366-00099633-00099956 tutorial duels fossil Zapdos is level
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00367-00099957-00100112 authority is hanging out there I can
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00368-00100113-00100394 attack a whole bunch of stuff with it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00369-00100395-00100653 fun their star move and I'll give you a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00370-00100654-00100997 run down off that really quick here on
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00371-00100998-00101201 this arm or each of your opponents bench
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00372-00101202-00101409 Pokemon if ads it doesn't sautee damage
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00373-00101410-00101738 to that Pokemon and then Zapdos the Sun
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00374-00101739-00101963 hammer signs number of tails - it's also
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00375-00101964-00102290 its risk reward in a way and I think the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00376-00102291-00102624 reward is more in your favor aside from
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00377-00102625-00102905 the higher energy costs of thunder star
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00378-00102906-00103047 now the thing about it is that you're
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00379-00103048-00103343 gonna do 40 plus 22 a bunch of other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00380-00103344-00103613 things and probably to take a little
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00381-00103614-00103883 scratch damage to yourself or eighty so
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00382-00103884-00104326 it's not that bad but anyway
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00383-00104327-00104753 Hitmonchan oh right of course horse was
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00384-00104754-00104900 not paying attention to my bench I'm
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00385-00104901-00105128 gonna do have enough place setup going
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00386-00105129-00105633 on here but anyway I guess I will
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00387-00105634-00106108 I guess I'll set that up for that slash
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00388-00106108-00106624 of the future and flamethrower yeah just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00389-00106625-00106756 to make sure I've always got energy for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00390-00106757-00107061 the slash basically another spiro is a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00391-00107063-00107403 go-go and that's not really yeah that'd
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00392-00107404-00107577 take four turns the power that up you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00393-00107578-00107754 can't even use double colorless energy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00394-00107755-00107845 or anything like that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00395-00107846-00108425 so let's just be using that for Stahl I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00396-00108426-00108660 guess I'll just flamethrower right away
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00397-00108661-00108871 because the flamethrower will knock it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00398-00108872-00108987 down on the thirty and then I'll be able
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00399-00108988-00109158 to use sense slash attack and also be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00400-00109159-00109294 able to attach an energy cover to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00401-00109295-00109606 something else so we are good to go in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00402-00109607-00109843 that regard I think I'll go for that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00403-00109844-00110524 Ratana now slash keep on the pressure on
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00404-00110525-00110961 and the go-go at the fire oh no that's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00405-00110962-00111114 actually pretty oh I was gonna save you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00406-00111115-00111228 that's pretty good because it was a full
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00407-00111229-00111453 HP even though okay fine you can you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00408-00111454-00111654 then you got four prized cards left yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00409-00111655-00111895 I'll give you a free one there if you I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00410-00111896-00112065 don't really care that much about the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00411-00112066-00112275 gust of wind I mean it doesn't discard
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00412-00112276-00112432 that fire I attached it with data in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00413-00112433-00112665 case of a switch out but that was just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00414-00112666-00112815 something I didn't know at the time you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00415-00112816-00113158 know let's go for the magmar and then
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00416-00113158-00113433 just regular slash because I'm gonna
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00417-00113434-00113664 have lonely one prize card after this
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00418-00113665-00113799 anyway so I only need one more
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00419-00113800-00114157 flamethrower to go so yeah in case
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00420-00114158-00114327 something goes south basically I'll just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00421-00114328-00114513 kind of set up stuff in the background
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00422-00114514-00114639 but I don't think something's gonna go
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00423-00114640-00115074 south in those turns and power up that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00424-00115075-00115369 Rattata into Eradicator
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00425-00115370-00115747 and a flamethrower I guess I kind of put
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00426-00115748-00116004 Hitmonchan on the bench now it's kind of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00427-00116005-00116390 lowered a little bit but you know I want
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00428-00116391-00116643 [Music]
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00429-00116644-00117003 so yeah horrendous start into a good
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00430-00117004-00117247 ending I've been five best all that's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00431-00117248-00117729 left is gr number four Isaac you clumsy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00432-00117730-00117999 fool all right mint you may have won
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00433-00118000-00118209 this time you're still no match for me
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00434-00118210-00118432 take some time to toughen up I'll be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00435-00118433-00118653 waiting in the psychic Club for you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00436-00118654-00118752 don't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00437-00118753-00119213 uh see you so yeah we're not battling
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00438-00119214-00119589 hurry now or batting her later oh oh and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00439-00119590-00119703 since I don't need the Lightning club
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00440-00119704-00119806 anymore it's yours
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00441-00119807-00119995 I don't need to collect any of the wheat
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00442-00119996-00120268 cards here anyway later mint remember we
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00443-00120269-00120643 waiting at the second club I can't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00444-00120644-00120816 believe it you some arrests see the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00445-00120817-00121471 Lightning Club did I or you just kind of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00446-00121472-00121761 swooned it I don't know please take this
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00447-00121762-00122628 lightning coin as a reward also known as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00448-00122629-00123153 a sneeze there we go so gr number four
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00449-00123154-00123363 is over in the second clock hey I've
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00450-00123364-00123537 heard that their club master mariah has
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00451-00123538-00123750 also been captured surely you could find
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00452-00123751-00123921 a way to help him like you helped me
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00453-00123922-00124146 good luck Mints you'll be able to same
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00454-00124147-00124329 array with the kinds of power you showed
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00455-00124330-00124606 me please mints second club is about
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00456-00124607-00124848 under gr4s control - surely she's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00457-00124849-00125022 employed some sort of dastardly chap
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00458-00125023-00125489 over there hmm hmm well let's find out
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00459-00125490-00125743 did they actually we've all done a lot
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00460-00125744-00125922 of them mMmmm see if there's any
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00461-00125923-00126347 different dialog flopping out over here
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00462-00126348-00127926 no no no no we're off psychic claw
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00463-00127927-00128115 that's this double tiered building over
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00464-00128116-00128298 here it's a little a little offset like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00465-00128299-00128484 the Leaning Tower of Pisa but I assure
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00466-00128485-00128886 you it is standing strong let's take a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00467-00128887-00129165 look-see around here now I won't say a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00468-00129166-00129654 word to you you're just trying to spy I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00469-00129655-00130077 am but I'm here to defeat team Jared out
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00470-00130078-00130338 the spine I say what are you doing your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00471-00130339-00131160 hat looks like super enthralled by the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00472-00131161-00131611 hats I love the view
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00473-00131612-00132098 look is this guy this is the problem
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00474-00132099-00132353 nobody has the card I want how about you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00475-00132354-00132635 you have cuz I have level 42 grabs I do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00476-00132636-00132770 not have any helices there
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00477-00132771-00132947 I can change you a fairy or a card for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00478-00132948-00133277 it if you do man you know trade it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00479-00133278-00133567 gonna give you a Kangaskhan level 38
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00480-00133568-00134051 alas alas but yak trains are always open
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00481-00134052-00134396 song you know the lyrics too if my name
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00482-00134397-00134873 is Emma Cooney make it shorter so it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00483-00134874-00135992 could hurt my dancing because I don't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00484-00135993-00136174 know what to do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00485-00136175-00136760 people Cooney is something else list of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00486-00136761-00136946 characteristics of psychic both strong
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00487-00136947-00137123 and weak against psychic as I mentioned
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00488-00137124-00137294 before some tonalist resists their
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00489-00137295-00137519 attacks as mentioned before and of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00490-00137520-00137753 course rely on the psychic energies as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00491-00137754-00138020 usual with their type things like your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00492-00138021-00138224 Pokemon as many useful Pokemon powers
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00493-00138225-00138473 like damaged soft as you seem damage
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00494-00138474-00138653 swap curse invisible wall and stream
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00495-00138654-00138830 behavior if you're building a psychic
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00496-00138831-00139027 tech make sure you look at your options
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00497-00139028-00139343 and all the dual the B button may be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00498-00139344-00139526 used with the toe pad the view your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00499-00139527-00139700 opponent's play area or a discard pile
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00500-00139701-00139817 yeah I showed this before
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00501-00139818-00140018 this is pretty nice of the teaching this
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00502-00140019-00140306 in the game be down your player be left
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00503-00140307-00140525 your discard pile be up your pole is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00504-00140526-00140705 clearer be right your opponent's discard
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00505-00140706-00141098 pile remember these handy functions die
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00506-00141099-00141908 shell off all right Oh No ah so you've
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00507-00141909-00142220 come already that's great but you won't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00508-00142221-00142687 find me just yet isn't that right Mary
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00509-00142688-00143273 precisely lady G are number four these
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00510-00143274-00143480 are my terms for one duel you must
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00511-00143481-00143969 defeat Mireille first oh no another club
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00512-00143970-00144485 master i4g are number four
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00513-00144486-00144988 I could do all the other members too why
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00514-00144989-00145873 not why not use for prize cards
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00515-00145874-00146525 psychokinetic let's go now I think we're
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00516-00146526-00146716 getting the idea of what gr number four
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00517-00146717-00147023 is actually doing to the club members
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00518-00147024-00147218 they're not being swooned like i joked
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00519-00147219-00147431 them off before they're actually being
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00520-00147432-00147644 taken over with mind control of some
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00521-00147645-00149372 kind yeah anyway okay she's only got one
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00522-00149373-00149824 herself but okay no she's got two and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00523-00149825-00150149 gas was getting some energy cannot use
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00524-00150150-00150328 any trainer cards oh no that's too
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00525-00150329-00150737 frightening too frightening indeed and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00526-00150738-00150857 actually could be devastating
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00527-00150858-00151172 depending is all things go but yeah the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00528-00151173-00151358 thing about this is that she'll
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00529-00151359-00151654 eventually use darkness and then I'll be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00530-00151655-00151825 able to use trainer cards again even
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00531-00151826-00152164 though it'll do double damage so big
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00532-00152165-00152203 whoop
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00533-00152204-00152723 you know done just wait for my ability
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00534-00152724-00152924 to use trainer cards go ahead and use
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00535-00152925-00153407 that darkness there you go good girl you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00536-00153408-00153611 had the attack eventually enough
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00537-00153612-00153889 so while she can use that the stall outs
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00538-00153890-00154181 like sucking away turns while she's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00539-00154182-00154325 setting up other stuff with you know
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00540-00154326-00154511 this stuck with the chaining cards it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00541-00154512-00154658 not gonna last that long
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00542-00154659-00154903 she's outta attack eventually double
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00543-00154904-00155057 infighting um
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00544-00155058-00155297 gasps ELISA a weak against I mean excuse
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00545-00155298-00155512 me resistant against fighting and weak
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00546-00155513-00155873 against nothing so I still can't really
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00547-00155874-00156137 do damage with the hitmonchan vlogs I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00548-00156138-00156460 can't power it up for the future and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00549-00156461-00157022 professor oak time so I figured also I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00550-00157023-00157189 could switch into something if need be
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00551-00157190-00157424 as well but it's gonna spear on the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00552-00157425-00157606 bench to backed off Hitmonchan I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00553-00157607-00157788 actually think I'll be able to get that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00554-00157789-00158013 much use out of said fighting pokémon
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00555-00158014-00158441 because of the resistances they have I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00556-00158442-00158719 could have used my other deck but I just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00557-00158720-00159066 don't feel like it right now if you like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00558-00159067-00159360 going the Mason Laboratory to flop over
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00559-00159361-00159477 there you know what you can knock out
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00560-00159478-00159690 that hitmonchan if you want I'm uh I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00561-00159691-00159883 want to focus on other stuff you know
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00562-00159884-00160246 you know sometimes just gotta focus on
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00563-00160247-00160509 other stuff in order to win that came as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00564-00160510-00160734 they found out before let's energy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00565-00160735-00161109 removal that jinx and let's allow things
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00566-00161110-00161448 to get set up in the future on terror is
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00567-00161449-00161829 a Hanten gots the nightmares of the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00568-00161830-00162268 twenties that could be a problem this um
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00569-00162269-00162477 I wonder if I should put out the other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00570-00162478-00162796 hitmonchan the solver a couple more
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00571-00162797-00163014 turns while she takes prize cars if she
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00572-00163015-00163785 wants it may just do that yeah I think I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00573-00163786-00163839 will
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00574-00163840-00164115 ain't it Montana it's difficult but not
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00575-00164116-00164332 versus the psychic so that's what I got
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00576-00164333-00164790 the the backup plan for alright we're
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00577-00164791-00164826 done
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00578-00164827-00165129 but yeah let that extra load up HP there
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00579-00165130-00165558 should be all right for now hopefully
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00580-00165559-00165777 hopefully you know maybe I should have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00581-00165778-00166011 switched well actually I don't know some
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00582-00166012-00166176 grass pokémon are weak against the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00583-00166177-00166787 psychic-type as well so I'll also go and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00584-00166788-00167160 powerup spear off of the future and call
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00585-00167161-00167259 it a turn
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00586-00167260-00168177 oh man oh man yeah it can return a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00587-00168178-00168571 Pokemon to my hand oh yeah I was not
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00588-00168572-00168752 expecting an error to play that but
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00589-00168753-00169197 anyways I can make it go to his sleepy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00590-00169198-00169558 sleep but it didn't really matter anyway
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00591-00169559-00169744 kay all that hitmonchan with double
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00592-00169745-00169979 damage yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00593-00169980-00170576 yeah well I'm gonna do a spiral setup
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00594-00170577-00170627 here
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00595-00170628-00171056 Oh magma that's nice and I'm gonna go
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00596-00171057-00171404 and do some damage in the meantime it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00597-00171405-00171683 soothes us that the fighting not psychic
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00598-00171684-00172037 like the Rattata line is so and I didn't
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00599-00172038-00172552 even draw they're a tad off bad opening
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00600-00172553-00172817 opening game I gotta say wonder if I'll
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00601-00172818-00172970 be able to make it on this one though I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00602-00172971-00173234 can only just read player need beer you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00603-00173235-00173414 know come up not like this real
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00604-00173415-00173666 punishment for losing up restarting the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00605-00173667-00173822 duel or anything like that it's just a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00606-00173823-00174185 thing of you know position just another
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00607-00174186-00174584 another opening of awkwardness it's just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00608-00174585-00174971 there's another add to the stack Kedavra
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00609-00174972-00175415 is filled and the sigh yeah like where
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00610-00175416-00175865 are the rats that I usually draw where
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00611-00175866-00176126 the poop is the scoop anyway
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00612-00176127-00176468 alright so I got Gengar weakened a
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00613-00176469-00176750 little smidge there wonder if I should
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00614-00176751-00177029 go I guess I should start doing major
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00615-00177030-00177287 damage a Charmander oh sure I get the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00616-00177288-00177956 radical but nothing um I was gonna dust
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00617-00177957-00178085 the wind to something but maybe I'll
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00618-00178086-00178373 just Emmer if he puts Charmander to
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00619-00178374-00179000 sleep and doesn't wake up I lose let's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00620-00179001-00179306 see how things go well actually I'll
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00621-00179307-00179501 probably lose anyway cuz I don't really
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00622-00179502-00179932 have all that much to go by right now
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00623-00179933-00180191 yeah we'll see though huh I mean not
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00624-00180192-00180425 sleep it confused exceed me okay so you
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00625-00180426-00180665 got Rattata finally I'll try the retreat
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00626-00180666-00180902 might not work though because I'll have
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00627-00180903-00181328 resistance to things man I even burn the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00628-00181329-00181826 energy card with that yeah I I think
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00629-00181827-00182212 that's over no no I could do that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00630-00182213-00182623 but I can't do anything else so it looks
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00631-00182624-00183190 like oh never mind it's like it's a it's
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00632-00183191-00183421 my bad luck fun they caught up with me
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00633-00183422-00183579 well maybe not maybe I can get all tails
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00634-00183580-00183987 here nope it probably in it all heads
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00635-00183988-00184459 that's a giant again horrendous turnout
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00636-00184460-00184950 but yeah I couldn't really do much there
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00637-00184951-00185149 let's go again
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00638-00185150-00185407 Stephanie you don't care you are weak
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00639-00185408-00185664 you cannot win so that's why I'm losing
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00640-00185665-00185889 dialogues I guess so I finally lost
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00641-00185890-00186297 lunch due to horrific horrific bad luck
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00642-00186298-00186610 but we'll see how all the version number
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00643-00186611-00186820 two costs because it always seems like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00644-00186821-00186976 it turns off okay there you go
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00645-00186977-00187327 resistance to psychic frittata all in
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00646-00187328-00187743 the wings and for prize cards are a girl
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00647-00187744-00188059 now watch I just completely and utterly
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00648-00188060-00188364 sweep her now you can stop with your
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00649-00188365-00188518 music trainer cards but I got the right
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00650-00188519-00188962 energy cards anyway so yeah enjoy that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00651-00188963-00189349 this time I will bite you into oblivion
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00652-00189350-00189997 this time this was a little critter
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00653-00189998-00190677 though jeez alright so frightens working
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00654-00190678-00190906 in her favor let's go ahead and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00655-00190907-00191251 Charmander I cannot treat her card again
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00656-00191252-00191533 so let's just bites knock out that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00657-00191534-00191926 ghastly and she plops out the a bra
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00658-00191927-00192204 that's hanging out in the tree falls at
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00659-00192205-00192493 the cadaver up and still can't really do
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00660-00192494-00192753 anything because of the resistance yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00661-00192754-00193251 this could have us 30 and the 30 saw
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00662-00193252-00193604 she's your only option really is blink
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00663-00193605-00193947 pods
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00664-00193948-00194438 yeah it's uh anyway I'm gonna bill but
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00665-00194439-00194574 that's still not gonna do anything for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00666-00194575-00194775 most part rock and energy removal at the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00667-00194776-00194984 stall off even more so I'm gonna bite
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00668-00194985-00195243 yeah it looks like I've got the girl
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00669-00195244-00195636 luck this side she's got the balla hey
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00670-00195637-00195834 just do whatever you want done you turn
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00671-00195835-00196275 there and I do you think I don't think I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00672-00196276-00196461 could get a Charmeleon and just finish
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00673-00196462-00196749 her off the stern do you like maybe I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00674-00196750-00197022 can that would be that'd be something
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00675-00197023-00197411 after that first game I could try it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00676-00197412-00197784 should I yeah let's go for it
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00677-00197785-00197966 I think I'm in good position anyway even
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00678-00197967-00198104 though it Nathan I'm just starting some
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00679-00198105-00198420 poop here let's go ahead here
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00680-00198421-00198861 no no Charmeleon okay so that is semi
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00681-00198862-00199008 bad luck I guess I've known have that
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00682-00199009-00199236 many Charmeleon so I can't really expect
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00683-00199237-00199412 to draw into it was just like a thing of
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00684-00199413-00199635 maybe I could pull it off and maybe
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00685-00199636-00199809 it'll work you know okay this is going
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00686-00199810-00200237 for the blink yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00687-00200238-00200925 and maybe just maybe the blink okay well
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00688-00200926-00201132 actually it did work but I mean the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00689-00201133-00201345 blink wall keep me stalled until she can
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00690-00201346-00202315 do something Avery will see nope
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00691-00202316-00202862 so she was able to stall for the turn as
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00692-00202863-00203201 I was enough as I got nope with the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00693-00203202-00203318 power of the blink
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00694-00203319-00203804 well actually couldn't I could I wait am
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00695-00203805-00203986 i able to just switch into this
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00696-00203987-00204138 [Music]
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00697-00204139-00204402 okay so it yeah I can't just switch like
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00698-00204403-00204549 I thought I was thinking like if it just
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00699-00204550-00204779 affected Rattata I could switch into
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00700-00204780-00205406 Charmeleon and then call it a day
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00701-00205407-00205634 I'm up another at Anna on there by the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00702-00205635-00206034 way but yeah let's try it anyway yeah if
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00703-00206035-00206240 I get heads I win anyway so I was
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00704-00206241-00206441 thinking maybe I'll professor oak see
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00705-00206442-00206769 when I get that but Oh didn't work for
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00706-00206769-00206810 her
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00707-00206811-00206935 [Music]
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00708-00206936-00207294 well well we'll never know what
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00709-00207294-00207596 professor oak will give us our 82-yard
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00710-00207598-00208019 number for I have been defeated
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00711-00208021-00208921 [Music]
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00712-00208923-00209237 I'm sorry to go I fight for geo no I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00713-00209238-00209478 want to fight for GR number four okay I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00714-00209479-00209594 just want to see if there's any new
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00715-00209596-00209802 dialog since I beat her all right other
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00716-00209803-00210081 Club members to go here so at that yeah
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00717-00210082-00210231 I'm gonna end off the part here and I
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00718-00210232-00210438 hope you enjoy and I'll see you in the
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00719-00210439-00210644 next part when I whip the other Club
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00720-00210646-00211307 members is yeah for to battle here and
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00721-00211308-00211702 eventually yeah is kind of crazy
+I6WBJGs5_z4-00722-00211703-00212038 [Music]
+I9tfwS0hryY-00000-00000008-00000223 hello everyone and welcome back to my
+I9tfwS0hryY-00001-00000224-00000415 channel welcome if you're new to my
+I9tfwS0hryY-00002-00000416-00000599 channel my name is carla and on this
+I9tfwS0hryY-00003-00000600-00000823 channel i share videos on fashion beauty
+I9tfwS0hryY-00004-00000824-00001031 and lifestyle if you enjoy these kinds
+I9tfwS0hryY-00005-00001032-00001239 of videos then please subscribe down
+I9tfwS0hryY-00006-00001240-00001447 below
+I9tfwS0hryY-00007-00001448-00001910 [Music]
+I9tfwS0hryY-00008-00001911-00002063 so i have
+I9tfwS0hryY-00009-00002064-00002415 yet another um gucci unboxing for you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00010-00002416-00002623 all i literally
+I9tfwS0hryY-00011-00002624-00002807 pretty much every time i unbox something
+I9tfwS0hryY-00012-00002808-00003095 i just get it so this is the box
+I9tfwS0hryY-00013-00003096-00003206 i
+I9tfwS0hryY-00014-00003207-00003303 pre
+I9tfwS0hryY-00015-00003304-00003511 for the first time decided that i was
+I9tfwS0hryY-00016-00003511-00003663 just gonna
+I9tfwS0hryY-00017-00003664-00003863 at least open up the box because usually
+I9tfwS0hryY-00018-00003864-00003990 i have
+I9tfwS0hryY-00019-00003992-00004295 like it's a hassle it's usually a hassle
+I9tfwS0hryY-00020-00004296-00004638 for me um as you all know at this point
+I9tfwS0hryY-00021-00004639-00004983 here is the card which they don't really
+I9tfwS0hryY-00022-00004984-00005231 put anything on these cards anymore you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00023-00005232-00005479 just get like a barcode and it tells you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00024-00005480-00005847 thanks for shopping with gucci
+I9tfwS0hryY-00025-00005848-00006191 usually comes with this little like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00026-00006192-00006399 gucci shopping bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00027-00006400-00006503 now
+I9tfwS0hryY-00028-00006504-00006703 um let me just open it so you guys can
+I9tfwS0hryY-00029-00006704-00006863 kind of see
+I9tfwS0hryY-00030-00006864-00007070 what it looks like so it's usually just
+I9tfwS0hryY-00031-00007072-00007310 like a little shopping bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00032-00007311-00007487 and then
+I9tfwS0hryY-00033-00007488-00007646 this
+I9tfwS0hryY-00034-00007647-00007742 is
+I9tfwS0hryY-00035-00007743-00007942 the item
+I9tfwS0hryY-00036-00007943-00008255 right here it comes in this box so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00037-00008256-00008527 how i found this item
+I9tfwS0hryY-00038-00008528-00008831 i was on instagram per usual it's where
+I9tfwS0hryY-00039-00008832-00008935 i
+I9tfwS0hryY-00040-00008936-00009142 find things if i'm not just
+I9tfwS0hryY-00041-00009143-00009551 like browsing on the website so i was on
+I9tfwS0hryY-00042-00009552-00009814 instagram and i saw
+I9tfwS0hryY-00043-00009815-00010095 is it nicole i think her name is nicole
+I9tfwS0hryY-00044-00010096-00010478 um i saw her post this and i was like oh
+I9tfwS0hryY-00045-00010479-00010703 now i have to get this the tricky part
+I9tfwS0hryY-00046-00010704-00010919 with this i'm trying i'm like struggling
+I9tfwS0hryY-00047-00010920-00011183 guys so this is clearly a snap yep it's
+I9tfwS0hryY-00048-00011184-00011295 a snap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00049-00011296-00011487 or magnetic closure
+I9tfwS0hryY-00050-00011488-00011687 um as you guys can see right there how
+I9tfwS0hryY-00051-00011688-00011910 it closes
+I9tfwS0hryY-00052-00011911-00012110 so the tricky thing with this product
+I9tfwS0hryY-00053-00012111-00012270 right here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00054-00012271-00012606 is that it's similar to another item so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00055-00012607-00012783 you have to be very
+I9tfwS0hryY-00056-00012784-00012879 like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00057-00012880-00013135 aware as to how this looks and i'll link
+I9tfwS0hryY-00058-00013136-00013311 it down below so it's easier for you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00059-00013312-00013647 guys i had to search for it um
+I9tfwS0hryY-00060-00013647-00013822 because i guess according to her hers
+I9tfwS0hryY-00061-00013823-00014111 was sent to her and this hadn't released
+I9tfwS0hryY-00062-00014112-00014383 yet um but i was able to get it and it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00063-00014384-00014638 took maybe a like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00064-00014640-00014775 five days
+I9tfwS0hryY-00065-00014776-00015175 for it to send to me um or arrived to me
+I9tfwS0hryY-00066-00015176-00015483 so this is the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00067-00015484-00015863 um dust bag that it comes in
+I9tfwS0hryY-00068-00015863-00016111 then i'm just gonna
+I9tfwS0hryY-00069-00016112-00016311 open it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00070-00016312-00016550 all right so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00071-00016551-00016639 this
+I9tfwS0hryY-00072-00016640-00016863 is what i got it's like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00073-00016864-00017119 can you guys see that
+I9tfwS0hryY-00074-00017120-00017439 it's almost like let's get it all out so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00075-00017440-00017719 you guys can see
+I9tfwS0hryY-00076-00017720-00017911 ignore my phone it keeps ringing let me
+I9tfwS0hryY-00077-00017912-00018150 just shut it off
+I9tfwS0hryY-00078-00018151-00018535 i guess i'm like wanted today um
+I9tfwS0hryY-00079-00018536-00018694 so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00080-00018695-00018927 you guys can see it's like a pouch it's
+I9tfwS0hryY-00081-00018928-00019127 almost like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00082-00019128-00019422 my toiletry pouch from louis vuitton my
+I9tfwS0hryY-00083-00019423-00019630 toiletry 26
+I9tfwS0hryY-00084-00019631-00019719 but
+I9tfwS0hryY-00085-00019720-00020022 this one actually comes with a strap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00086-00020023-00020230 which i'm going to show you shortly as
+I9tfwS0hryY-00087-00020231-00020478 you guys can see right here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00088-00020479-00020711 it does have
+I9tfwS0hryY-00089-00020712-00020886 i'll try to take that off but it's in a
+I9tfwS0hryY-00090-00020887-00021030 gold
+I9tfwS0hryY-00091-00021031-00021286 hardware as you can see right there
+I9tfwS0hryY-00092-00021287-00021591 right here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00093-00021592-00021814 you get like this leather strap so when
+I9tfwS0hryY-00094-00021815-00022078 i saw this i was like okay
+I9tfwS0hryY-00095-00022079-00022375 like i have to have this because there's
+I9tfwS0hryY-00096-00022376-00022583 there are so many options so i can wear
+I9tfwS0hryY-00097-00022584-00022830 it as a wristlet and it's pretty the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00098-00022831-00023014 size is big and i'll show you guys the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00099-00023015-00023471 interior and also like i mentioned
+I9tfwS0hryY-00100-00023472-00023671 let's see if we can get this
+I9tfwS0hryY-00101-00023672-00023807 off
+I9tfwS0hryY-00102-00023808-00024071 it comes with
+I9tfwS0hryY-00103-00024072-00024230 the straps
+I9tfwS0hryY-00104-00024231-00024447 so do you guys see the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00105-00024448-00024814 um classic gucci strap it's a little
+I9tfwS0hryY-00106-00024815-00025071 bent here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00107-00025072-00025455 probably just from having
+I9tfwS0hryY-00108-00025456-00025567 the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00109-00025568-00025814 adjustable
+I9tfwS0hryY-00110-00025816-00026006 um hardware here as you guys can see it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00111-00026007-00026183 is adjustable so i didn't even have to
+I9tfwS0hryY-00112-00026183-00026343 mention that because
+I9tfwS0hryY-00113-00026344-00026655 you guys saw it so this clips
+I9tfwS0hryY-00114-00026656-00026911 obviously right here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00115-00026912-00027287 on the side so you can wear this
+I9tfwS0hryY-00116-00027288-00027414 cross
+I9tfwS0hryY-00117-00027416-00027614 body so let me show you guys the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00118-00027616-00028014 interior i think this was
+I9tfwS0hryY-00119-00028016-00028302 fifteen hundred dollars
+I9tfwS0hryY-00120-00028304-00028462 i think it was fifteen hundred dollars
+I9tfwS0hryY-00121-00028463-00028646 let me show you guys the interior of the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00122-00028647-00028862 bag and then i'll look it up just to
+I9tfwS0hryY-00123-00028863-00029199 give you a little more information on it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00124-00029200-00029335 but
+I9tfwS0hryY-00125-00029336-00029446 look
+I9tfwS0hryY-00126-00029447-00029639 at the inside
+I9tfwS0hryY-00127-00029639-00029862 of this bag guys
+I9tfwS0hryY-00128-00029863-00030207 like do you see all of that room
+I9tfwS0hryY-00129-00030208-00030302 like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00130-00030303-00030679 it's huge and then you get
+I9tfwS0hryY-00131-00030680-00030999 this zip closure in the back this bag is
+I9tfwS0hryY-00132-00031000-00031135 huge like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00133-00031136-00031351 let's see what i can use for comparison
+I9tfwS0hryY-00134-00031352-00031518 i'm actually just going to use my cell
+I9tfwS0hryY-00135-00031519-00031943 phone you guys know i have the xs 10s
+I9tfwS0hryY-00136-00031944-00032055 whatever
+I9tfwS0hryY-00137-00032056-00032167 um
+I9tfwS0hryY-00138-00032168-00032502 and look at how humongous
+I9tfwS0hryY-00139-00032503-00032695 this bag is like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00140-00032695-00032823 the bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00141-00032824-00033062 is huge i just threw my phone in there
+I9tfwS0hryY-00142-00033063-00033207 and
+I9tfwS0hryY-00143-00033208-00033615 it like rolls back and forth the bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00144-00033616-00034031 is huge mungus it's so big i'm just
+I9tfwS0hryY-00145-00034032-00034190 gonna look up
+I9tfwS0hryY-00146-00034191-00034462 the pricing really quickly
+I9tfwS0hryY-00147-00034463-00034759 okay so this bag retails for
+I9tfwS0hryY-00148-00034760-00034874 1
+I9tfwS0hryY-00149-00034875-00035199 350. i will say so it's called the jumbo
+I9tfwS0hryY-00150-00035200-00035487 gg messenger bag but like i said you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00151-00035488-00035718 want to look out because this one comes
+I9tfwS0hryY-00152-00035719-00035846 with the strap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00153-00035847-00036118 as well as this little piece right here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00154-00036119-00036374 to use as a wristlet there's another one
+I9tfwS0hryY-00155-00036375-00036590 that i saw that does not come with the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00156-00036591-00036871 strap and it's hard because you would
+I9tfwS0hryY-00157-00036872-00037055 want to buy that one but it's clearly
+I9tfwS0hryY-00158-00037056-00037135 not
+I9tfwS0hryY-00159-00037136-00037327 the same bag and this actually is a
+I9tfwS0hryY-00160-00037328-00037559 men's bag so that's the other piece it's
+I9tfwS0hryY-00161-00037560-00037687 a men's bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00162-00037688-00037927 again you get the jumbo gg which you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00163-00037928-00038087 guys know
+I9tfwS0hryY-00164-00038088-00038446 you know i love like i love this print i
+I9tfwS0hryY-00165-00038447-00038639 just love this bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00166-00038640-00038846 it's gonna be so easy
+I9tfwS0hryY-00167-00038847-00039255 to carry like let me see if i can
+I9tfwS0hryY-00168-00039256-00039639 just show you all on my body
+I9tfwS0hryY-00169-00039640-00039830 like how
+I9tfwS0hryY-00170-00039831-00040023 big it is oh
+I9tfwS0hryY-00171-00040024-00040223 i'm showing you all a little bit too
+I9tfwS0hryY-00172-00040224-00040374 much here
+I9tfwS0hryY-00173-00040375-00040559 but
+I9tfwS0hryY-00174-00040560-00040718 do you guys see that
+I9tfwS0hryY-00175-00040719-00040911 like this is my body
+I9tfwS0hryY-00176-00040912-00041151 and this is
+I9tfwS0hryY-00177-00041152-00041318 how the bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00178-00041319-00041495 looks like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00179-00041496-00041702 it's pretty big so you're gonna get
+I9tfwS0hryY-00180-00041703-00041887 you're gonna be able to put a lot in
+I9tfwS0hryY-00181-00041888-00042239 this bag like a lot in this bag and like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00182-00042240-00042623 i mentioned you just take this right off
+I9tfwS0hryY-00183-00042624-00042767 if you wanted to i'm just gonna leave
+I9tfwS0hryY-00184-00042768-00042990 one of it on just so you guys can see
+I9tfwS0hryY-00185-00042991-00043271 and you just use it as a wristlet
+I9tfwS0hryY-00186-00043272-00043502 and it's sturdy like this little piece
+I9tfwS0hryY-00187-00043503-00043711 the little wristlet strap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00188-00043712-00044118 right here is fairly sturdy and
+I9tfwS0hryY-00189-00044119-00044246 it's that
+I9tfwS0hryY-00190-00044247-00044623 beautiful leather like guys there's so
+I9tfwS0hryY-00191-00044624-00044862 much quality
+I9tfwS0hryY-00192-00044863-00045118 in this bag like you can feel the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00193-00045119-00045446 quality in the bag it's like a sturdy
+I9tfwS0hryY-00194-00045447-00045718 sturdy bag so if you can get your hands
+I9tfwS0hryY-00195-00045719-00045871 on it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00196-00045872-00046102 guys i'm telling you right now get your
+I9tfwS0hryY-00197-00046103-00046367 hands on it because i would not be
+I9tfwS0hryY-00198-00046368-00046774 surprised if this thing sells out like
+I9tfwS0hryY-00199-00046775-00047062 and this would match perfectly
+I9tfwS0hryY-00200-00047063-00047343 perfect if you're not new to my channel
+I9tfwS0hryY-00201-00047344-00047574 then you guys pretty much know that i
+I9tfwS0hryY-00202-00047575-00047902 have the jumbo gg the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00203-00047903-00048039 baseball cap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00204-00048040-00048207 this would look perfect with it i don't
+I9tfwS0hryY-00205-00048208-00048455 know if i would necessarily pair it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00206-00048456-00048615 with this bag
+I9tfwS0hryY-00207-00048616-00048846 just so i'm not doing too much
+I9tfwS0hryY-00208-00048847-00048983 i don't know i would have to see how it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00209-00048984-00049135 looks i would have to definitely go
+I9tfwS0hryY-00210-00049136-00049311 basic like a basic
+I9tfwS0hryY-00211-00049312-00049551 t-shirt some denim maybe like bermuda
+I9tfwS0hryY-00212-00049552-00049695 shorts
+I9tfwS0hryY-00213-00049696-00049855 this bag and the cap
+I9tfwS0hryY-00214-00049856-00050046 or i could switch out the cap for the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00215-00050047-00050383 loafers um the jumbo gg loafers that
+I9tfwS0hryY-00216-00050384-00050702 would look very nice um but yeah
+I9tfwS0hryY-00217-00050703-00050943 i really do like this handbag or the
+I9tfwS0hryY-00218-00050944-00051111 pouch or whatever you want to call it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00219-00051112-00051335 messenger bag is what they're calling it
+I9tfwS0hryY-00220-00051336-00051607 i will have it linked down below if you
+I9tfwS0hryY-00221-00051608-00051799 have any questions always feel free to
+I9tfwS0hryY-00222-00051800-00052030 ask me in the comment section remember
+I9tfwS0hryY-00223-00052032-00052230 to be kind to yourself and be kind to
+I9tfwS0hryY-00224-00052232-00052319 others
+I9tfwS0hryY-00225-00052320-00052615 love yourself and love others as well i
+I9tfwS0hryY-00226-00052616-00053344 will see you all in my next video
+I9tfwS0hryY-00227-00053345-00053694 [Music]
+I9tfwS0hryY-00228-00053695-00053904 you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00000-00000029-00000430 Danger
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00001-00000431-00002034 ous
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00003-00006743-00006925 uh thumb
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00004-00006926-00008064 s which is
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00005-00008065-00009290 a few minutes
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00006-00009291-00010885 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00007-00010886-00011144 thank you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00008-00011145-00011395 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00009-00011396-00011717 claw never told me that met your
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00010-00011718-00011896 daughter what did he tell you about
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00011-00011897-00012010 himself
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00012-00012011-00012274 well he told me he lost his wife to
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00013-00012275-00012460 illness he
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00014-00012461-00012791 wrongfully accused of something nobody
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00015-00012792-00013043 believed him he got locked up people
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00016-00013044-00013336 hated him nobody would listen
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00017-00013337-00014194 I just wanted someone to walk up
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00018-00014196-00015269 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00019-00015269-00016041 36 minutes
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00020-00016041-00016697 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00021-00016698-00017782 channels
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00022-00017783-00019267 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00023-00019268-00020641 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00024-00020642-00021614 this feels good
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00025-00021615-00022525 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00026-00022526-00024035 I'll have to risk this Old City
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00027-00024036-00026320 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00028-00026322-00027483 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00029-00027485-00028181 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00030-00028182-00028762 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00031-00028763-00029746 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00032-00029747-00029852 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00033-00029852-00032818 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00034-00032819-00033096 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00035-00033097-00035232 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00036-00035233-00037446 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00037-00037447-00040090 these charges
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00038-00040091-00040957 vegetables
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00039-00040958-00041557 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00040-00041558-00041759 this one's gonna take me a while to
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00041-00041760-00041887 crack boss
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00042-00041888-00042167 you've got a lot going on why don't you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00043-00042168-00042799 leave me here and come get me later
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00044-00042800-00043129 OverWatch
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00045-00043130-00043459 has left Sidelines proceeding
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00046-00043460-00043751 frame everything for the holes in this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00047-00043752-00044062 place if you have to I want to responded
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00048-00044063-00046201 now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00049-00046202-00047567 wait for me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00050-00047568-00050440 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00051-00050441-00050990 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00052-00050991-00053950 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00053-00053951-00054154 I haven't been getting much of a chance
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00055-00057401-00059940 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00056-00059941-00060544 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00057-00060545-00061261 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00058-00061262-00061847 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00059-00061848-00062009 you failed
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00060-00062010-00062764 announce my turn
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00061-00062765-00063444 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00062-00063445-00063892 of yourself what about the combine we
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00063-00063894-00064229 were treated like the others they see
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00064-00064229-00065626 something in US
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00065-00065627-00066315 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00066-00066316-00067288 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00067-00067289-00068435 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00068-00068436-00070967 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00069-00070968-00072194 thank you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00070-00072195-00073713 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00071-00073714-00074393 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00072-00074394-00077182 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00073-00077183-00078773 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00074-00078774-00080943 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00075-00080944-00081259 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00076-00081260-00081475 at work
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00077-00081476-00082332 good job 28.
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00078-00082333-00083273 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00079-00083274-00084538 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00081-00087726-00088012 this is gonna get heavy
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00083-00091218-00094156 thank you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00085-00098526-00100367 right
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00086-00100368-00100526 excited
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00087-00100527-00103486 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00089-00106974-00108542 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00090-00108543-00109986 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00091-00109988-00110357 I knew it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00092-00110358-00113015 activated
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00093-00113016-00113854 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00094-00113855-00115949 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00095-00115950-00116558 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00096-00116559-00119302 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00097-00119303-00121344 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00098-00121345-00121877 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00099-00121878-00122233 not quite yet
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00100-00122233-00122807 oh geez what I don't have clearance for
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00101-00122808-00123149 this area who cares maybe we should
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00102-00123150-00123493 leave I don't want to go to Android hell
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00103-00123494-00123977 what come on we'll be fine
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00106-00130340-00130810 one more time
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00107-00130811-00132916 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00108-00132917-00133709 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00109-00133710-00136270 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00110-00136271-00136973 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00112-00140132-00140837 hello hello
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00113-00140838-00141477 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00114-00141478-00142601 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00115-00142602-00144085 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00116-00144086-00144390 come on
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00117-00144391-00144613 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00118-00144614-00144669 [Applause]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00119-00144670-00146222 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00120-00146223-00147052 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00121-00147053-00147570 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00122-00147571-00149957 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00123-00149958-00150185 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00126-00156786-00159671 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00128-00162972-00163702 but
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00129-00163703-00165159 oh
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00130-00165160-00167651 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00133-00174200-00174443 ah this is another one of those long
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00134-00174444-00174731 ones how about you just leave me here
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00135-00174732-00174983 for a while and I'll uh I'll figure this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00136-00174984-00175199 out
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00137-00175200-00175421 what if I can't go back for you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00138-00175422-00175649 I don't think there's many ways in and
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00139-00175650-00175859 out of this place so it'll probably be
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00140-00175860-00177436 fine
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00141-00177437-00177916 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00142-00177917-00178300 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00143-00178301-00178894 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00144-00178895-00180092 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00145-00180093-00181451 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00146-00181452-00181607 let's
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00147-00181608-00182288 dance
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00148-00182289-00185116 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00152-00197934-00199231 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00153-00199232-00201040 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00154-00201041-00201300 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00156-00213516-00213953 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00157-00213954-00215269 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00158-00215271-00217571 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00160-00220596-00221023 thank you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00161-00221023-00221269 last chance
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00162-00221269-00221531 the in the entropic control facility
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00163-00221532-00222065 it's there the airlock is on the ground
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00164-00222066-00222269 the ship is big trouble she should have
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00165-00222269-00222594 never have what are you doing
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00166-00222596-00223369 oh God please no
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00167-00223369-00223708 I guess the show's over for this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00168-00223709-00223801 guy
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00169-00223802-00225358 would have handled it autograph
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00170-00225359-00227782 but it's time to bend this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00171-00227783-00230729 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00172-00230730-00230981 you don't want to know what they do to
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00173-00230982-00231160 people who don't apply
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00174-00231161-00231592 you stick with me and do as I say don't
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00175-00231594-00231965 make myself clear
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00176-00231966-00232979 do it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00177-00232980-00233813 I've got you there
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00178-00233814-00234473 no what's that
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00179-00234473-00234898 yeah that's right you're too late I got
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00180-00234900-00235534 to do the first
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00181-00235535-00235732 what
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00182-00235733-00236092 the leader of your most famous
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00183-00236094-00236375 look who's talking you have nowhere to
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00184-00236376-00237469 go everyone in this place wants you dead
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00185-00237469-00238163 I'm sure I remember it better
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00186-00238164-00238481 so Dr Bossman I'll let you open that
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00187-00238482-00238715 door back there before my son got a
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00188-00238716-00239123 cologne do you know what it says oh yes
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00189-00239123-00240577 yes
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00190-00240578-00240760 dog
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00191-00240761-00241487 shut up you got soft
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00192-00241488-00243521 ly thought you'd understand
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00193-00243521-00244848 now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00194-00244850-00245263 dear life
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00195-00245264-00246923 265 now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00196-00246923-00248956 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00197-00248957-00250403 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00198-00250404-00250909 oh my God
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00199-00250910-00253669 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00200-00253669-00253973 oh my God
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00201-00253973-00256421 you want it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00202-00256421-00258580 I told her that you could count on me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00203-00258581-00258844 that won't be necessary
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00204-00258846-00259144 she's complying
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00205-00259146-00259313 should have thought she was sending a
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00206-00259314-00259739 transmission before I got there
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00207-00259740-00260519 already
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00208-00260519-00263299 resistance
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00209-00263300-00263842 the situation
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00210-00263843-00263958 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00211-00263959-00264395 respectfully dispute them what you must
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00212-00264396-00264703 do
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00213-00264704-00265043 this isn't good you can screw this up
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00214-00265044-00265241 now if I don't stop it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00215-00265242-00266423 someone take me to where he's going now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00216-00266424-00266876 all right
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00217-00266877-00269579 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00218-00269580-00269860 the upload station is in this facility
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00219-00269861-00270882 somewhere
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00220-00270883-00272341 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00221-00272342-00272687 whatever you're doing stop
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00222-00272688-00272975 all you've done is resist me what do the
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00223-00272976-00273167 rebels have up here where are they
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00224-00273168-00274307 hiding
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00225-00274308-00274525 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00226-00274526-00274776 Refrigeration shift
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00227-00274777-00276473 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00228-00276474-00276973 oh
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00230-00280474-00280745 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00231-00280746-00281998 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00232-00281999-00282795 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00233-00282796-00283882 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00234-00283883-00285929 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00235-00285930-00288034 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00237-00291143-00291787 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00238-00291788-00292067 oh I feel sick
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00239-00292068-00292384 that was done for a split second you're
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00240-00292385-00293785 gone I suggest we keep moving boss
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00241-00293786-00294203 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00242-00294204-00296108 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00243-00296109-00297467 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00244-00297468-00298471 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00245-00298472-00299762 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00246-00299763-00300832 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00247-00300833-00301591 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00248-00301592-00303290 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00249-00303291-00303749 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00250-00303750-00304444 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00251-00304445-00307019 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00252-00307020-00307229 when I'm done with you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00253-00307230-00309304 I need to come alive
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00254-00309305-00310703 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00255-00310704-00311117 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00256-00311118-00313451 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00258-00317202-00319997 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00262-00330455-00331225 hit the switch
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00263-00331226-00331601 our stabilization process is activated
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00264-00331602-00332080 to acceptable levels or status
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00265-00332081-00332399 current processing activated
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00266-00332400-00332821 and extractors activated
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00267-00332822-00332993 tolerable
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00268-00332994-00333323 percent
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00269-00333324-00333682 core entropy zero
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00270-00333683-00333934 this device
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00271-00333935-00334313 I'm not doing so good oh you're okay
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00272-00334314-00334697 it's not too bad you can work it off
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00273-00334698-00334951 you joke about stuff
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00274-00334952-00335165 I get it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00275-00335166-00335315 the world
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00276-00335316-00335808 sucks
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00277-00335809-00336173 you're gonna be fine come on let's go
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00278-00336174-00336979 get that bastard
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00279-00336980-00337319 this thing kept me alive in City Town
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00280-00337320-00337636 let's see if we can do that again
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00281-00337637-00339604 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00282-00339605-00340025 well yeah we gave everything for this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00283-00340026-00340793 privilege
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00284-00340794-00341039 have your mind
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00285-00341040-00341195 our mind
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00286-00341196-00341723 s
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00287-00341724-00342551 please
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00288-00342552-00343341 know
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00289-00343342-00344689 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00290-00344690-00345639 we've got to set up some defenses
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00291-00345640-00346156 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00293-00349559-00349891 that was a choice it's both made
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00296-00356640-00357259 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00297-00357260-00359830 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00303-00376364-00376654 when you have to show you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00304-00376655-00376945 nothing
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00305-00376946-00379505 you idiot this is our last hope
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00306-00379506-00381010 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00307-00381011-00382054 boys and I'm not gonna make it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00308-00382055-00382654 how to find you're yelling at me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00309-00382655-00382804 I'm just
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00310-00382805-00383747 remember
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00311-00383748-00383884 this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00312-00383885-00384084 blame yourself
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00313-00384085-00384508 there are some things in life
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00314-00384509-00385278 you don't give over
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00315-00385279-00385525 yes
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00316-00385526-00385878 remember I believed you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00317-00385879-00386225 stay with me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00318-00386226-00386578 get rid of the but
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00319-00386579-00386765 you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00320-00386766-00387984 love me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00321-00387985-00388158 oh
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00322-00388159-00389327 that is gone
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00323-00389328-00389880 detected
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00324-00389881-00390113 or deceased
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00325-00390114-00390406 scanning for acceptable remnants
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00326-00390407-00391799 ETA unknown
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00327-00391800-00392047 we made it buddy
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00328-00392048-00392549 right now so Lord
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00329-00392550-00393246 effects
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00330-00393247-00393689 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00331-00393690-00394060 and there it is finally
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00332-00394061-00394790 got into that I expected
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00333-00394791-00396563 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00334-00396564-00396839 because the ship really mean that much
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00335-00396840-00397258 to them it contains everything they've
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00336-00397259-00397608 ever wanted so
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00337-00397609-00397975 all this time I
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00338-00397976-00398153 weren't
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00339-00398154-00398315 alone
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00340-00398316-00398610 I saw what they're doing
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00341-00398611-00399293 using us we're slaves
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00342-00399294-00400378 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00343-00400379-00400619 it's too late now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00344-00400620-00401452 you didn't give me much of a choice
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00345-00401453-00401752 and this is all over they're gonna wipe
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00346-00401753-00402130 the Slate you know that right
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00347-00402131-00402497 after they see what I've been doing
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00348-00402498-00402689 This Is the End
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00349-00402690-00403295 for us
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00350-00403296-00403541 they told me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00351-00403542-00403763 you're like me now
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00352-00403764-00404093 you know the truth
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00353-00404094-00404345 you can die down from them
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00354-00404346-00404560 they're in your head
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00355-00404561-00404977 they can't trust you anymore
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00356-00404978-00405365 you know they can't help you you don't
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00357-00405366-00405521 need that
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00358-00405522-00405754 your frogs
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00359-00405755-00406132 I'm done trying to resolve your badass
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00360-00406133-00406697 I'm done with my life it's our past no
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00361-00406698-00407027 you gave everything from this privilege
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00362-00407028-00407404 remember
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00363-00407405-00408391 calling me out it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00364-00408392-00408778 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00365-00408779-00409477 is
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00366-00409478-00410532 so yeah
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00367-00410533-00413134 this way they're making a mistake
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00372-00427984-00428118 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00373-00428119-00428291 you don't
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00374-00428292-00429202 hear Mr Walker
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00375-00429203-00429341 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00376-00429342-00429931 this would
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00377-00429932-00430522 especially one of your origin
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00378-00430523-00430656 how
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00379-00430657-00430949 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00380-00430950-00431518 that extraordinary circumstance
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00381-00431519-00432101 appears to be a matter of death
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00382-00432102-00432610 at the end that we owe to you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00383-00432612-00432875 do that
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00384-00432876-00433025 just
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00385-00433026-00433307 just sit your exploit
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00386-00433308-00433679 involving this and the quelling
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00387-00433680-00434789 certain level uprisingly
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00388-00434789-00435383 the science may be lost on you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00389-00435384-00436043 in short you have bought me die
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00390-00436043-00436195 Circle
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00391-00436196-00437141 you owe me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00392-00437142-00437555 I want my I cannot bring your daughter
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00393-00437556-00437875 back Mr Walker
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00394-00437876-00438425 however I may be able to offer something
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00395-00438426-00439091 else of value
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00396-00439092-00439283 the combine
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00397-00439284-00439705 can you stop them from calling me uh
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00398-00439706-00440731 that would constitute remuneration
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00399-00440732-00441460 if I arrange the removal of your imprint
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00400-00441462-00441779 then I cannot also disclose what
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00401-00441780-00442018 happened to your
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00402-00442019-00442366 daughter
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00403-00442367-00442649 I am guilty of a lot of things
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00404-00442650-00443070 but I didn't kill my daughter
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00405-00443071-00443368 is enough
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00406-00443369-00443572 I don't want them to use my memories
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00407-00443573-00443813 anymore
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00408-00443814-00445757 do it
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00409-00445758-00446099 kill the host and
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00410-00446100-00447055 the demand
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00411-00447056-00447785 it is done
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00412-00447785-00448020 my own room
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00413-00448021-00448337 how are you doing this
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00414-00448338-00448595 this is where
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00415-00448596-00448751 everything
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00416-00448752-00449614 okay
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00417-00449615-00449933 apologize for having to leave you in
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00418-00449934-00450120 this position
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00419-00450121-00450353 Mr Walker
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00420-00450354-00450522 what's happened
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00421-00450523-00450808 where did you go
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00422-00450809-00451384 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00423-00451385-00452045 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00425-00459493-00459913 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00426-00459914-00460614 thank you
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00427-00460615-00461457 I can't take this anymore
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00428-00461458-00461891 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00429-00461892-00462147 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00430-00462149-00463338 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00431-00463339-00464743 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00432-00464745-00465910 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00433-00465912-00466446 foreign
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00434-00466447-00468966 [Music]
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00435-00468967-00469289 I can't believe you came for me
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00436-00469289-00469559 we don't have law so listen
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00437-00469560-00469727 the combine of trying to get the ship
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00438-00469728-00469859 back
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00439-00469860-00470110 we can't let him have it boss we gotta
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00440-00470112-00470531 get you out of here
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00441-00470532-00471451 it's not much but I found you a gun
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00442-00471452-00471907 what's the plan
+IqIIrtkFfGk-00443-00471908-00472222 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00000-00000244-00001491 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00001-00001492-00001639 so
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00002-00001641-00001773 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00003-00001775-00002260 [Applause]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00004-00002261-00003161 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00005-00003162-00003235 [Applause]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00006-00003236-00004069 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00007-00004070-00004679 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00008-00004680-00004745 [Applause]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00009-00004746-00004835 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00010-00004836-00004909 [Applause]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00011-00004910-00005318 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00012-00005319-00005527 hate crime has a devastating and long
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00013-00005528-00005727 lasting effect on victims
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00014-00005728-00006006 it can and does divide communities it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00015-00006007-00006143 prevents people from living their
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00016-00006144-00006263 everyday lives
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00017-00006264-00006614 the impact on the victims is horrendous
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00018-00006615-00006831 i've had all forms of personal
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00019-00006831-00006983 experiences
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00020-00006984-00007239 from people spitting at me people
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00021-00007240-00007367 calling me names
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00022-00007368-00007655 people using abusive language recently
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00023-00007656-00007759 in a club
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00024-00007759-00008023 i was with my friends and a little
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00025-00008023-00008223 altercation broke out where the security
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00026-00008224-00008423 had to get involved
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00027-00008424-00008663 and it led to us being followed out in
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00028-00008664-00008846 the street by the same girls that were
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00029-00008847-00008983 kicked out
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00030-00008984-00009287 and us being assaulted in the street
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00031-00009288-00009719 how did you feel i was traumatized by it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00032-00009720-00009967 knowing that people were stopping
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00033-00009968-00010159 walking by and videoing us
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00034-00010160-00010359 but not helping it's very close to where
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00035-00010360-00010542 i live and it was on my walk
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00036-00010543-00010735 every day so every time i passed that
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00037-00010736-00010935 spot i just thought about it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00038-00010936-00011199 i have a injured back from it one of my
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00039-00011200-00011278 friends had an
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00040-00011279-00011559 incident where she was out in a
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00041-00011560-00011631 nightclub
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00042-00011632-00011910 with her her girlfriend and they were
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00043-00011911-00012070 kissing on the dance floor
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00044-00012071-00012431 and a random stranger a girl came over
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00045-00012432-00012663 and punched her in the stomach because
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00046-00012664-00012774 she took offense
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00047-00012775-00012935 to think right now there are videos of
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00048-00012936-00013238 us getting hurt out there
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00049-00013240-00013535 makes me pretty uncomfortable my
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00050-00013536-00013791 daughter was five when she experienced
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00051-00013791-00014127 hate crime for the first time it was in
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00052-00014128-00014279 the lunch queue
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00053-00014280-00014622 or one of her classmates said don't sit
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00054-00014623-00014855 next to me because you're brown
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00055-00014856-00015183 i have a disability which is down
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00056-00015184-00015303 syndrome
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00057-00015304-00015638 i was in ireland with my
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00058-00015640-00015975 accent friends these
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00059-00015976-00016343 uh young people they were
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00060-00016344-00016735 starting to call me names like
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00061-00016736-00017119 [__] and
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00062-00017120-00017463 it made me feel angry
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00063-00017464-00017791 really sad as you can see i'm i'm
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00064-00017792-00018127 black i'm an asian i'm male
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00065-00018128-00018511 i'm also very i'm a practicing muslim
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00066-00018512-00018822 and and these if in a sense are the
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00067-00018823-00019079 ingredients for people that are
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00068-00019080-00019183 anti-muslim
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00069-00019184-00019719 and in black for me it was like
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00070-00019720-00020079 please stop saying these to me
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00071-00020080-00020503 yeah inside of me
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00072-00020504-00020863 it it hurts really
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00073-00020864-00021135 hurts hurtful because when somebody
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00074-00021136-00021350 calls your names it's not a nice feeling
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00075-00021351-00021622 it's not nice to be
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00076-00021623-00021958 you know labeled as something derogatory
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00077-00021959-00022271 did you report it we didn't report it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00078-00022272-00022399 which we should have
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00079-00022400-00022686 and i dealt with it pretty badly i
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00080-00022687-00022911 allowed myself to become scared
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00081-00022912-00023086 and not want to leave the house and i
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00082-00023087-00023263 wouldn't know how to go about reporting
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00083-00023264-00023350 it anyway
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00084-00023351-00023614 but there's it feels like there's no
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00085-00023615-00023663 point
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00086-00023664-00023999 because you know i wouldn't be able to
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00087-00024000-00024327 identify that person again and it's kind
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00088-00024328-00024414 of
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00089-00024415-00024703 it feels small i myself as a black woman
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00090-00024704-00024863 has suffered from hate crime
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00091-00024864-00025086 i have been called all sorts of names i
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00092-00025087-00025247 have felt very sad
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00093-00025248-00025403 confused and hurt
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00094-00025404-00025918 [Music]
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00095-00025919-00026111 coventry city council has developed a
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00096-00026112-00026262 three-year strategy
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00097-00026263-00026439 reporting the crime essential to the
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00098-00026439-00026583 campaign
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00099-00026583-00026879 in that strategy sets out how we as a
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00100-00026880-00027062 council can support
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00101-00027063-00027374 communities to become resilient we want
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00102-00027375-00027414 to
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00103-00027416-00027751 support organizations to help their
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00104-00027752-00028039 members understand hate crime can impact
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00105-00028039-00028151 on lives
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00106-00028152-00028407 we want to encourage people to report
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00107-00028408-00028535 hate crime so we can
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00108-00028536-00028727 reduce the incidences that occur well i
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00109-00028727-00028902 monitor hate crime in coventry
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00110-00028904-00029270 we are alongside other cities of
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00111-00029272-00029614 similar sort of size our figures reflect
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00112-00029616-00029790 similarly across the west midlands and
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00113-00029791-00029935 across the country there are five
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00114-00029936-00030111 strands of hate crime
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00115-00030112-00030295 there is race religion there is
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00116-00030295-00030535 disability there is homophobia
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00117-00030536-00030767 and transphobia within those strands
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00118-00030768-00030967 race and religion are by far
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00119-00030968-00031158 the largest numbers that are reported i
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00120-00031160-00031351 think people are very used to
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00121-00031352-00031511 being able to report that with hate
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00122-00031512-00031662 crime it's very much victim-led
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00123-00031663-00031902 so whatever the victim wishes we will do
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00124-00031903-00032031 our very very best
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00125-00032032-00032262 to facilitate that you can report it to
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00126-00032263-00032407 the police directly
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00127-00032408-00032567 or there are a number of other ways you
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00128-00032568-00032807 can report it via truevision
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00129-00032808-00033111 which is reported.org dot uk
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00130-00033112-00033415 that's a online process where
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00131-00033416-00033727 you can report any hate crime
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00132-00033728-00033927 you don't have to give us your personal
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00133-00033928-00034071 details if you don't want to
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00134-00034072-00034295 you can do it anonymously we also have a
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00135-00034296-00034446 western police hate crime app and it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00136-00034447-00034655 tells you about how to report
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00137-00034656-00034839 processes reporting and places where you
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00138-00034840-00035015 can get support one of the processes we
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00139-00035016-00035223 also do is we have third party reporting
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00140-00035224-00035295 centers
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00141-00035296-00035630 now in coventry all of the libraries
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00142-00035631-00035871 and all of the family hubs have
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00143-00035872-00035943 information
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00144-00035944-00036151 on how to report so if you didn't feel
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00145-00036152-00036390 comfortable contacting the police either
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00146-00036391-00036655 online by telephone in person
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00147-00036656-00036902 you can go into one of these places get
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00148-00036903-00037102 some information about hate crime
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00149-00037103-00037390 get some information about true vision
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00150-00037391-00037543 and then hopefully have the confidence
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00151-00037544-00037679 to report
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00152-00037680-00037815 and then we say we will do everything
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00153-00037816-00038015 positive that we can today
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00154-00038016-00038271 victims of hate crime have greater legal
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00155-00038272-00038383 protection
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00156-00038384-00038646 the courts can apply stiff sentences but
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00157-00038647-00038774 this is dependent
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00158-00038775-00038983 on whether people report it in the first
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00159-00038984-00039199 place unless it's something physical
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00160-00039200-00039359 sort of a physical assault or something
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00161-00039360-00039487 they don't think it will be taken as
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00162-00039488-00039615 seriously because it's just
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00163-00039616-00039839 verbal but hate crime is hate crime
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00164-00039840-00040023 whether it's verbal or non-verbal
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00165-00040024-00040255 there's no point in crying in your
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00166-00040256-00040479 bedroom and say oh he did this he did
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00167-00040480-00040615 that if you're not prepared to go and do
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00168-00040616-00040759 something about it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00169-00040760-00041039 so where do we go from here people need
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00170-00041040-00041143 to be more aware
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00171-00041144-00041351 and report the crimes victims need to be
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00172-00041352-00041487 supported and know that
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00173-00041488-00041846 there is hope we are all equal
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00174-00041847-00042167 we are each as a person and stop
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00175-00042168-00042495 calling me names how we can bring these
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00176-00042496-00042758 young people together to challenge
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00177-00042759-00042958 hate crime to have a better
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00178-00042959-00043127 understanding of each other
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00179-00043128-00043367 more awareness of different communities
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00180-00043368-00043439 different
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00181-00043440-00043718 faiths so that we can work together in
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00182-00043719-00043846 unity
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00183-00043847-00044111 to promote positive working
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00184-00044112-00044190 relationships
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00185-00044191-00044567 we all share this city and the world
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00186-00044568-00044855 and it's our responsibility to look out
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00187-00044856-00044927 and respect
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00188-00044928-00045199 each other's views whatever there may be
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00189-00045200-00045367 there's plenty of space for us all
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00190-00045368-00045623 to coexist in coventry and in the world
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00191-00045624-00045751 and as long as we do that
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00192-00045752-00045943 coventry and the whole world will be in
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00193-00045944-00046071 peace report it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00194-00046072-00046318 report it together together we can sort
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00195-00046319-00046495 it we can choose it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00196-00046496-00046815 we'll sort it sort it report it together
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00197-00046816-00049083 we can sort it
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00198-00049084-00049654 foreign
+IrHsrlfy5EM-00199-00049655-00050483 [Music]
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+IrHsrlfy5EM-00201-00051096-00051303 you
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00000-00001463-00002895 let me use
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00001-00002896-00003222 to political instability due to a poor
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00002-00003223-00003327 elephant system
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00003-00003328-00003590 due to poor educational system i don't
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00004-00003592-00003719 want to be like
+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00005-00003720-00004047 that's why i've decided 200 million of
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+IrWMMy-9DNQ-00122-00166760-00166984 what
+IvtRZSteDJI-00000-00000028-00000434 Chiang kai-shek the 31st of October 1887
+IvtRZSteDJI-00001-00000434-00000767 to the 5th of April 1975 also known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00002-00000768-00000989 Generalissimo Chiang or Chang Chun Qiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00003-00000990-00001216 and romanized as Chang Cheh seer jiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00004-00001217-00001448 jieshi was a politician and military
+IvtRZSteDJI-00005-00001449-00001616 leader who served as the leader of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00006-00001617-00001976 Republic of China between 1928 and 1975
+IvtRZSteDJI-00007-00001977-00002282 first in mainland China until 1949 and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00008-00002283-00002522 then in exile in Taiwan he was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00009-00002523-00002710 recognized by much of the world as the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00010-00002711-00002860 head of the legitimate government of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00011-00002861-00003098 China until the late 1960s and early
+IvtRZSteDJI-00012-00003099-00003500 1970s Chang was an influential member of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00013-00003501-00003740 the Kuomintang KMT the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00014-00003740-00003950 Nationalist Party as well as a close
+IvtRZSteDJI-00015-00003951-00004256 ally of Sun yat-sen's Chiang became the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00016-00004257-00004454 Commandant of the Kuomintang swamp Oh a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00017-00004455-00004688 military academy and took sons place as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00018-00004689-00004904 leader of the KMT following the canton
+IvtRZSteDJI-00019-00004905-00005252 coup in early 1926 having neutralized
+IvtRZSteDJI-00020-00005253-00005459 the parties left wing chang then led
+IvtRZSteDJI-00021-00005460-00005659 sons long postponed northern expedition
+IvtRZSteDJI-00022-00005660-00005900 conquering or reaching accommodations
+IvtRZSteDJI-00023-00005901-00006176 with china's many warlords from 1928 to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00024-00006177-00006448 1948 chang served as chairman of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00025-00006450-00006626 national government of the republic of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00026-00006627-00006875 china roc chang was socially
+IvtRZSteDJI-00027-00006876-00007013 conservative promoting traditional
+IvtRZSteDJI-00028-00007014-00007255 chinese culture in the new life movement
+IvtRZSteDJI-00029-00007256-00007538 unable to maintain son's good relations
+IvtRZSteDJI-00030-00007539-00007731 with the Chinese Communist Party CCP
+IvtRZSteDJI-00031-00007733-00007973 Chang purged them in a massacre at
+IvtRZSteDJI-00032-00007973-00008164 Shanghai and repressed uprisings at
+IvtRZSteDJI-00033-00008165-00008567 Kuantan Canton region and elsewhere at
+IvtRZSteDJI-00034-00008568-00008723 the onset of the second sino-japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00035-00008724-00008974 war which later became the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00036-00008975-00009178 Theatre of World War two Manchurian
+IvtRZSteDJI-00037-00009179-00009416 warlord Zhang Xue Liang kidnapped Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00038-00009417-00009617 and obliged him to establish a second
+IvtRZSteDJI-00039-00009618-00009914 united front with the CCP after the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00040-00009915-00010112 defeat of the Japanese the Americans
+IvtRZSteDJI-00041-00010113-00010303 sponsored marshal mission an attempt to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00042-00010304-00010513 negotiate a coalition government failed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00043-00010514-00010885 in 1946 the Chinese Civil War resumed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00044-00010886-00011144 with the CCP led by Mao Zedong defeating
+IvtRZSteDJI-00045-00011145-00011342 the KMT and declaring the People's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00046-00011343-00011681 Republic of China in 1949 Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00047-00011682-00011860 government and army retreated to Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00048-00011861-00012083 where Chiang imposed martial law and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00049-00012084-00012308 persecuted critics in a period known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00050-00012309-00012628 the white terror after evacuating to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00051-00012629-00012857 Taiwan Chiang's government continued to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00052-00012858-00013049 declare its intention to retake mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-00053-00013050-00013391 China Chang ruled Taiwan securely as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00054-00013391-00013571 President of the Republic of China in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00055-00013572-00013747 general of the Kuomintang until his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00056-00013749-00014044 death in 1975 just one year before Mao's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00057-00014045-00014252 death like Mao Chang is regarded as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00058-00014253-00014404 controversial figure
+IvtRZSteDJI-00059-00014405-00014618 supporters credit him with playing a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00060-00014619-00014794 major part in the Allied victory of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00061-00014795-00015011 World War two and unifying the nation
+IvtRZSteDJI-00062-00015012-00015191 and a national figure of the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00063-00015191-00015397 resistance against Japan as well as his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00064-00015398-00015613 staunch anti Soviet and anti-communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00065-00015615-00015902 stance detractors and critics denounced
+IvtRZSteDJI-00066-00015903-00016069 him as a dictator at the front of an
+IvtRZSteDJI-00067-00016070-00016286 authoritarian autocracy who suppressed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00068-00016287-00016478 and purged opponents and critics and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00069-00016479-00016685 arbitrarily incarcerated those he deemed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00070-00016686-00016855 as opposing to the Kuomintang among
+IvtRZSteDJI-00071-00016856-00017303 others
+IvtRZSteDJI-00072-00017304-00017657 names
+IvtRZSteDJI-00073-00017658-00017928 like many other Chinese historical
+IvtRZSteDJI-00074-00017929-00018111 figures Chang used several names
+IvtRZSteDJI-00075-00018112-00018369 throughout his life that inscribed in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00076-00018370-00018585 the genealogical records of his family
+IvtRZSteDJI-00077-00018586-00018849 as jeong's out.i Chinese jeongjo Tai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00078-00018850-00019214 weighed Giles Chang Cote this so-called
+IvtRZSteDJI-00079-00019215-00019527 register named booming is the one under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00080-00019528-00019713 which his extended relatives knew him
+IvtRZSteDJI-00081-00019714-00019911 and the one he used in formal occasions
+IvtRZSteDJI-00082-00019912-00020169 such as when he got married in deference
+IvtRZSteDJI-00083-00020170-00020403 to tradition family members did not use
+IvtRZSteDJI-00084-00020404-00020600 the register name in conversation with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00085-00020601-00020889 people outside of the family the concept
+IvtRZSteDJI-00086-00020890-00021192 of a real or original name is not as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00087-00021193-00021375 clear-cut in China as it is in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00088-00021376-00021669 Western world in honor of tradition
+IvtRZSteDJI-00089-00021670-00021861 Chinese families waited a number of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00090-00021862-00022028 years before officially naming their
+IvtRZSteDJI-00091-00022029-00022283 children in the mean time they used a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00092-00022284-00022578 milk name rooming given to the infant
+IvtRZSteDJI-00093-00022579-00022764 shortly after his birth and known only
+IvtRZSteDJI-00094-00022765-00022992 to the close family thus the actual name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00095-00022993-00023156 that Chang received at birth was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00096-00023157-00023436 jang-woo yuan Chinese Jeong Ruby yuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00097-00023437-00023840 weighed Giles Chang Jui yuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00098-00023841-00024149 in 1903 the sixteen-year-old Chang went
+IvtRZSteDJI-00099-00024150-00024341 to Ningbo to be a student and he chose a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00100-00024342-00024707 school named Zane this was actually the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00101-00024708-00024917 formal name of a person used by older
+IvtRZSteDJI-00102-00024918-00025109 people to address him and the one he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00103-00025110-00025280 would use the most in the first decades
+IvtRZSteDJI-00104-00025281-00025472 of his life as the person grew older
+IvtRZSteDJI-00105-00025473-00025649 younger generations would have to use
+IvtRZSteDJI-00106-00025650-00025861 one of the courtesy names instead
+IvtRZSteDJI-00107-00025862-00026081 colloquially the school name is called
+IvtRZSteDJI-00108-00026082-00026417 big name Chinese da ming whereas the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00109-00026418-00026770 milk name is known as the small name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00110-00026770-00027050 chinese shall make the school name that
+IvtRZSteDJI-00111-00027051-00027239 chang chose for himself was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00112-00027239-00027545 chinese ji Chang Wade Giles Kai Chen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00113-00027545-00027908 which means purity of intentions for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00114-00027908-00028160 next 15 years or so Chang was known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00115-00028161-00028430 jeongja king Wade Giles Chiang Kai chine
+IvtRZSteDJI-00116-00028431-00028682 this is the name under which Sun yat-sen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00117-00028683-00028835 knew him when Cheng joined the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00118-00028836-00029077 Republicans in Quang King in the 1910s
+IvtRZSteDJI-00119-00029077-00029447 in 1912 when jeongja King was in Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00120-00029448-00029612 he started to use the name Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00121-00029613-00029882 kai-shek Chinese jiang jieshi pinyin
+IvtRZSteDJI-00122-00029883-00030191 jiang jieshi Wade Giles Chang Cheh XI as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00123-00030192-00030358 a pen name for the articles that he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00124-00030360-00030557 published in a Chinese magazine he found
+IvtRZSteDJI-00125-00030558-00030872 it voice of the army Chinese John jieshi
+IvtRZSteDJI-00126-00030873-00031094 as the pinyin romanization of this name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00127-00031095-00031247 based on Mandarin but the most
+IvtRZSteDJI-00128-00031248-00031454 recognized romanized rendering is Kai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00129-00031455-00031664 shek which is in Cantonese romanization
+IvtRZSteDJI-00130-00031664-00031949 as the republicans were based in Canton
+IvtRZSteDJI-00131-00031950-00032174 a Cantonese speaking area now commonly
+IvtRZSteDJI-00132-00032175-00032342 known as Guangdong province
+IvtRZSteDJI-00133-00032343-00032533 Cheng became known by Westerners under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00134-00032535-00032702 the Cantonese romanization of his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00135-00032702-00032891 courtesy name while the family name is
+IvtRZSteDJI-00136-00032892-00033041 known in English seems to be the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00137-00033042-00033230 Mandarin pronunciation of his Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00138-00033231-00033550 family name transliterated in Wade Giles
+IvtRZSteDJI-00139-00033551-00033965 kai-shek jieshi soon became chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00140-00033966-00034196 courtesy name some think the name was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00141-00034197-00034406 chosen from the classic Chinese book the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00142-00034407-00034757 eye chain Jia Yu Shi he who is firm as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00143-00034758-00035024 rock is the beginning of line 2 of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00144-00035025-00035396 hexagram 16u others note that the first
+IvtRZSteDJI-00145-00035397-00035615 character of his courtesy name is also
+IvtRZSteDJI-00146-00035616-00035801 the first character of the courtesy name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00147-00035802-00035990 of his brother and other male relatives
+IvtRZSteDJI-00148-00035991-00036179 on the same generation line while the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00149-00036180-00036356 second character of his courtesy name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00150-00036357-00036719 shi shi meaning stone suggests the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00151-00036720-00036953 second character of his register named
+IvtRZSteDJI-00152-00036954-00037132 ty
+IvtRZSteDJI-00153-00037133-00037362 the famous Mount Tai of China courtesy
+IvtRZSteDJI-00154-00037363-00037579 names in China often bore a connection
+IvtRZSteDJI-00155-00037580-00037752 with the personal name of the person as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00156-00037753-00038011 the courtesy name as the name used by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00157-00038012-00038227 people of the same generation to address
+IvtRZSteDJI-00158-00038228-00038442 the person Chang soon became known under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00159-00038443-00038845 this new name sometime in 1917 or 1918
+IvtRZSteDJI-00160-00038846-00039139 as Chang became close to Sun yat-sen he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00161-00039140-00039333 changed his name from Jiang jigging to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00162-00039334-00039574 John Zhang Zhang Chinese Zhang Zhang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00163-00039575-00039912 Zhang Wei Giles Chang Chun Qiang by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00164-00039913-00040152 adopting the name Chun Qiang central
+IvtRZSteDJI-00165-00040153-00040417 uprightness he was choosing a name very
+IvtRZSteDJI-00166-00040418-00040636 similar to the name of Sun yat-sen who
+IvtRZSteDJI-00167-00040637-00040833 was and still is known among Chinese as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00168-00040834-00041118 Junction Zhang Zhang meaning central
+IvtRZSteDJI-00169-00041119-00041349 mountain thus establishing a link
+IvtRZSteDJI-00170-00041350-00041527 between the two the meaning of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00171-00041528-00041758 uprightness rectitude or orthodoxy
+IvtRZSteDJI-00172-00041759-00041986 implied by his name also positioned him
+IvtRZSteDJI-00173-00041987-00042151 as the legitimate heir of Sun yat-sen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00174-00042152-00042460 and his ideas not surprisingly the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00175-00042461-00042667 Chinese Communists always rejected the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00176-00042668-00042826 use of this name and it is not well
+IvtRZSteDJI-00177-00042827-00043123 known in mainland China however it was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00178-00043124-00043290 readily accepted by members of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00179-00043291-00043483 Chinese Nationalist Party and as the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00180-00043484-00043654 name under which Chiang kai-shek is
+IvtRZSteDJI-00181-00043655-00043936 still commonly known in Taiwan often the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00182-00043937-00044239 name is shortened to Chun Qiang only
+IvtRZSteDJI-00183-00044240-00044574 Zhong Shan in pinyin many public places
+IvtRZSteDJI-00184-00044575-00044802 in Taiwan are named Chun Qiang after
+IvtRZSteDJI-00185-00044803-00045010 Chiang for many years passengers
+IvtRZSteDJI-00186-00045011-00045132 arriving at the Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-00187-00045133-00045339 International Airport were greeted by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00188-00045340-00045540 signs in Chinese welcoming them to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00189-00045541-00045824 Chun Qiang International Airport
+IvtRZSteDJI-00190-00045825-00046065 similarly the monument erected to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00191-00046066-00046264 Chiang's memory in Taipei known in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00192-00046265-00046461 english as chiang kai-shek memorial hall
+IvtRZSteDJI-00193-00046462-00046758 was literally named chun qiang memorial
+IvtRZSteDJI-00194-00046759-00047107 hall in Chinese in Singapore Chun Qiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00195-00047108-00047276 High School was named after him
+IvtRZSteDJI-00196-00047277-00047560 his name is also written in Taiwan 'as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00197-00047561-00047923 the late president Lord Chiang Xian Xang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00198-00047924-00048132 Tong Zhong Gong where the one character
+IvtRZSteDJI-00199-00048133-00048345 wide space known as nuo Tai shows
+IvtRZSteDJI-00200-00048346-00048561 respect but this practice has lost some
+IvtRZSteDJI-00201-00048562-00048849 popularity however he is still known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00202-00048850-00049071 Lord Chang Jiang gong without the title
+IvtRZSteDJI-00203-00049072-00049293 or space along with the name Chang Chun
+IvtRZSteDJI-00204-00049294-00049701 Qiang in Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00205-00049702-00050080 topic early life
+IvtRZSteDJI-00206-00050081-00050236 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-00207-00050237-00050506 Chiang was born in Zico a town in Feng
+IvtRZSteDJI-00208-00050507-00050787 hua Zhu zhang about 30 kilometers 19
+IvtRZSteDJI-00209-00050788-00051055 miles west of central Ningbo his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00210-00051056-00051315 family's ancestral home a concept
+IvtRZSteDJI-00211-00051316-00051607 important in Chinese society was hekia
+IvtRZSteDJI-00212-00051608-00051874 hey Chao Jana town in Yi Shan jong-soo
+IvtRZSteDJI-00213-00051875-00052186 about 38 kilometres 24 miles southwest
+IvtRZSteDJI-00214-00052187-00052513 of central Russia and 10 kilometers 6.2
+IvtRZSteDJI-00215-00052514-00052771 miles from the shores of Lake tai his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00216-00052772-00053026 father John's a-akane jeong-ja Cong and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00217-00053027-00053269 mother Wan Chi you wan Chi you were
+IvtRZSteDJI-00218-00053270-00053464 members of a prosperous family of salt
+IvtRZSteDJI-00219-00053465-00053746 merchants Chang lost his father when he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00220-00053747-00053923 was 8 and he wrote of his mother as the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00221-00053924-00054244 embodiment of Confucian virtues the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00222-00054245-00054424 young Chang was inspired throughout his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00223-00054425-00054589 youth by the realization that the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00224-00054590-00054801 reputation of an honored family rested
+IvtRZSteDJI-00225-00054802-00055054 upon his shoulders he was a mischievous
+IvtRZSteDJI-00226-00055054-00055300 child at only 3 years old he thrust a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00227-00055301-00055474 pair of chopsticks down his throat to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00228-00055475-00055729 see how far they would reach they became
+IvtRZSteDJI-00229-00055729-00055888 stuck and were removed with great
+IvtRZSteDJI-00230-00055889-00056137 difficulty even at a young age he was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00231-00056138-00056335 interested in war and directed mimic
+IvtRZSteDJI-00232-00056336-00056515 campaigns with a wooden sword and spear
+IvtRZSteDJI-00233-00056516-00056805 as he grew older Chang became more aware
+IvtRZSteDJI-00234-00056807-00057004 of the issues that surrounded him and in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00235-00057004-00057259 his speech to the Kuomintang in 1945
+IvtRZSteDJI-00236-00057260-00057555 said as you all know I was an orphan boy
+IvtRZSteDJI-00237-00057557-00057816 in a poor family deprived of any
+IvtRZSteDJI-00238-00057817-00057969 protection after the death of her
+IvtRZSteDJI-00239-00057970-00058162 husband my mother was exposed to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00240-00058163-00058336 most ruthless exploitation by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00241-00058337-00058491 neighbouring ruffians in the local
+IvtRZSteDJI-00242-00058492-00058759 gentry the efforts she made in fighting
+IvtRZSteDJI-00243-00058760-00058926 against the intrigues of these family
+IvtRZSteDJI-00244-00058927-00059113 intruders certainly in doubt her child
+IvtRZSteDJI-00245-00059114-00059304 brought up in such environment with an
+IvtRZSteDJI-00246-00059305-00059509 indomitable spirit to fight for justice
+IvtRZSteDJI-00247-00059510-00059746 I felt throughout my childhood that
+IvtRZSteDJI-00248-00059747-00059904 mother and I were fighting a helpless
+IvtRZSteDJI-00249-00059905-00060196 lone war we were alone in a desert no
+IvtRZSteDJI-00250-00060197-00060394 available or possible assistance could
+IvtRZSteDJI-00251-00060395-00060673 we look forward to but our determination
+IvtRZSteDJI-00252-00060674-00061229 was never shaken nor hope abandoned
+IvtRZSteDJI-00253-00061230-00061519 topic education in Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00254-00061520-00061763 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-00255-00061764-00061954 Chang grew up at a time in which
+IvtRZSteDJI-00256-00061955-00062186 military defeats natural disasters
+IvtRZSteDJI-00257-00062187-00062375 revolts and the machinations of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00258-00062376-00062660 Empress Dowager Cixi had left the Manchu
+IvtRZSteDJI-00259-00062661-00062897 dominated Ching Empire destabilized and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00260-00062898-00063146 in debt successive demands of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00261-00063147-00063377 Western powers in Japan since the opium
+IvtRZSteDJI-00262-00063378-00063580 war had left China owing millions of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00263-00063582-00063863 taels of silver during his first visits
+IvtRZSteDJI-00264-00063864-00064094 to Japan to pursue a military career in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00265-00064095-00064342 1906 he describes having strong
+IvtRZSteDJI-00266-00064344-00064538 nationalistic feelings with a desire
+IvtRZSteDJI-00267-00064539-00064796 among other things to expel the Manchu
+IvtRZSteDJI-00268-00064797-00065116 Qing and to restore China he decided to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00269-00065117-00065380 pursue a military career he began his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00270-00065382-00065597 military training at the bowing military
+IvtRZSteDJI-00271-00065598-00065921 academy in 1906 the same year Japan left
+IvtRZSteDJI-00272-00065922-00066086 its bimetallic currency standard
+IvtRZSteDJI-00273-00066087-00066422 devaluing its yen he left for Tokyo Shin
+IvtRZSteDJI-00274-00066423-00066644 booyaka a preparatory school for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00275-00066645-00066899 Imperial Japanese Army academy intended
+IvtRZSteDJI-00276-00066900-00067232 for Chinese students in 1907 there he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00277-00067233-00067427 came under the influence of compatriots
+IvtRZSteDJI-00278-00067428-00067625 to support the revolutionary movement to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00279-00067626-00067811 overthrow the Ching and to set up a Han
+IvtRZSteDJI-00280-00067812-00068117 dominated Chinese Republic he befriended
+IvtRZSteDJI-00281-00068118-00068327 fellow Zhejiang Yi's Chen Khmer and in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00282-00068328-00068543 1908 Jen brought Chang into the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00283-00068544-00068750 tongmenghui an important revolutionary
+IvtRZSteDJI-00284-00068751-00068996 brotherhood of the era finishing his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00285-00068997-00069188 schooling Chang served in the Imperial
+IvtRZSteDJI-00286-00069189-00069867 Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911
+IvtRZSteDJI-00287-00069868-00070329 pick return to China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00288-00070330-00070566 after learning of the outbreak October
+IvtRZSteDJI-00289-00070567-00070821 1911 of the watching uprising Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00290-00070822-00071073 returned to China in 1911 intending to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00291-00071074-00071351 fight as an artillery officer he served
+IvtRZSteDJI-00292-00071352-00071553 in the revolutionary forces leading a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00293-00071554-00071748 regiment in Shanghai under his friend
+IvtRZSteDJI-00294-00071749-00071961 and mentor chen khmer as one of Chen's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00295-00071962-00072269 chief lieutenants in early 1912 a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00296-00072270-00072462 dispute arose between Chen and Dao
+IvtRZSteDJI-00297-00072463-00072681 cheng-chun an influential member of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00298-00072682-00072888 revolutionary alliance who opposed both
+IvtRZSteDJI-00299-00072889-00073169 Sun yat-sen and Chen Dao sought to avoid
+IvtRZSteDJI-00300-00073170-00073376 escalating the quarrel by hiding in a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00301-00073377-00073580 hospital but Qiang discovered him there
+IvtRZSteDJI-00302-00073581-00073896 Chen dispatched assassins Chiang may not
+IvtRZSteDJI-00303-00073897-00074067 have taken part in the act but would
+IvtRZSteDJI-00304-00074068-00074292 later assume responsibility to help Chen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00305-00074293-00074594 avoid trouble Chen valued Chang despite
+IvtRZSteDJI-00306-00074595-00074775 Chiang's already legendary temper
+IvtRZSteDJI-00307-00074776-00075036 regarding such bellicosity as useful in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00308-00075037-00075273 a military leader alternatively
+IvtRZSteDJI-00309-00075274-00075513 professor pigeon low reports that Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00310-00075514-00075701 may have killed Dao in the hospital with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00311-00075702-00075894 a pistol Chang's friendship with Chen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00312-00075895-00076082 Khmer signaled an association with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00313-00076083-00076263 Shanghai's criminal syndicate the green
+IvtRZSteDJI-00314-00076264-00076485 gang headed by dou u Shang and Hwang Jin
+IvtRZSteDJI-00315-00076486-00076751 wrong during Chiang's time in Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00316-00076752-00076931 the British administered Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00317-00076932-00077118 International Settlement Police watched
+IvtRZSteDJI-00318-00077119-00077268 him and charged him with various
+IvtRZSteDJI-00319-00077269-00077576 felonies these charges never resulted in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00320-00077577-00077756 a trial and Chiang was never jailed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00321-00077757-00077943 Chiang became a founding member of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00322-00077944-00078279 KMT after the success February 1912 of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00323-00078280-00078603 the 1911 revolution after the takeover
+IvtRZSteDJI-00324-00078604-00078782 of the Republican government by Yuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00325-00078783-00079001 Shikai in the failed second revolution
+IvtRZSteDJI-00326-00079002-00079307 in 1913 Chiang like his KMT comrades
+IvtRZSteDJI-00327-00079308-00079560 divided his time between exile in Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00328-00079561-00079698 and the havens of the Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00329-00079699-00079956 International Settlement in Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00330-00079957-00080163 Chang cultivated ties with the city's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00331-00080164-00080355 underworld gangs which were dominated by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00332-00080356-00080556 the notorious green gang and its leader
+IvtRZSteDJI-00333-00080557-00080913 do you Shane on the 18th of May 1916
+IvtRZSteDJI-00334-00080914-00081176 agents of Yuan Shikai assassinated Chen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00335-00081177-00081447 Khmer Chiang then succeeded Chen as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00336-00081448-00081626 leader of the Chinese Revolutionary
+IvtRZSteDJI-00337-00081627-00081873 Party in Shanghai Sun yat-sen's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00338-00081874-00082071 political career reached its lowest
+IvtRZSteDJI-00339-00082072-00082272 point during this time when most of his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00340-00082273-00082469 old revolutionary Alliance comrades
+IvtRZSteDJI-00341-00082470-00082641 refused to join him in the exiled
+IvtRZSteDJI-00342-00082642-00083111 Chinese Revolutionary Party
+IvtRZSteDJI-00343-00083112-00083726 topic establishment of the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00344-00083727-00084060 in 1917 Sun yat-sen moved his base of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00345-00084061-00084267 operations to Canton now known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00346-00084268-00084528 Guangzhou and Chang joined him in 1918
+IvtRZSteDJI-00347-00084529-00084773 at this time Sun remained largely
+IvtRZSteDJI-00348-00084774-00085031 sidelined and without arms or money was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00349-00085032-00085226 soon expelled from Kuantan and exiled
+IvtRZSteDJI-00350-00085227-00085481 again to Shanghai he was restored to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00351-00085482-00085740 quantum with mercenary help in 1920
+IvtRZSteDJI-00352-00085741-00085973 after returning to Kuan gained a rift
+IvtRZSteDJI-00353-00085974-00086154 developed between son who sought to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00354-00086155-00086426 militarily unify China under the KMT in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00355-00086427-00086628 Guangdong governor Chen Jiang me who
+IvtRZSteDJI-00356-00086629-00086790 wanted to implement a federalist system
+IvtRZSteDJI-00357-00086791-00086997 with Guangdong as a model province on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00358-00086998-00087291 the 16th of June 19-22
+IvtRZSteDJI-00359-00087292-00087548 yi joo a general of Chen's whom son had
+IvtRZSteDJI-00360-00087549-00087753 attempted to exile led an assault of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00361-00087754-00088029 Quang tounges presidential palace son
+IvtRZSteDJI-00362-00088030-00088229 had already fled to the Naval Yard and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00363-00088230-00088416 boarded the SS Heike but his wife
+IvtRZSteDJI-00364-00088417-00088601 narrowly evaded shelling and rifle fire
+IvtRZSteDJI-00365-00088602-00088904 as she fled they met on the SS young
+IvtRZSteDJI-00366-00088905-00089129 thing where they were joined as swiftly
+IvtRZSteDJI-00367-00089130-00089318 as he could returned from Shanghai where
+IvtRZSteDJI-00368-00089319-00089478 he was ritually mourning his mother's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00369-00089479-00089843 death by Chiang for about 50 days Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00370-00089844-00090036 stayed with Sun protecting and caring
+IvtRZSteDJI-00371-00090037-00090224 for him and earning his lasting trust
+IvtRZSteDJI-00372-00090225-00090492 they abandoned their attacks on Chen on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00373-00090493-00090713 August 9th taking a British ship to Hong
+IvtRZSteDJI-00374-00090714-00090899 Kong and traveling to Shanghai by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00375-00090900-00091134 steamer Sun regained control of Kuantan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00376-00091135-00091394 in early 1923 again with the help of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00377-00091395-00091568 mercenaries from Yunnan and from the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00378-00091569-00091829 Comintern undertaking a reform of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00379-00091830-00092079 KMT he established a revolutionary
+IvtRZSteDJI-00380-00092080-00092294 government aimed at unifying China under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00381-00092295-00092642 the KMT that same year son sent Chang to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00382-00092643-00092843 spend three months in Moscow studying
+IvtRZSteDJI-00383-00092844-00093068 the Soviet political and military system
+IvtRZSteDJI-00384-00093069-00093354 during his trip in Russia Chang met Leon
+IvtRZSteDJI-00385-00093355-00093581 Trotsky and other Soviet leaders but
+IvtRZSteDJI-00386-00093582-00093761 quickly came to the conclusion that the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00387-00093762-00093924 Russian model of government was not
+IvtRZSteDJI-00388-00093925-00094209 suitable for China Chiang later sent his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00389-00094210-00094457 eldest son chingkuo to study in Russia
+IvtRZSteDJI-00390-00094458-00094728 after his father's split from the first
+IvtRZSteDJI-00391-00094729-00095073 United Front in 1927 chingkuo was forced
+IvtRZSteDJI-00392-00095074-00095368 to stay there as a hostage until 1937
+IvtRZSteDJI-00393-00095369-00095681 Chang wrote in his diary it is not worth
+IvtRZSteDJI-00394-00095682-00095891 it to sacrifice the interest of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00395-00095892-00096104 country for the sake of my son
+IvtRZSteDJI-00396-00096105-00096360 Chang even refused to negotiate a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00397-00096361-00096569 prisoner swap for his son in exchange
+IvtRZSteDJI-00398-00096570-00096761 for the Chinese Communist Party leader
+IvtRZSteDJI-00399-00096762-00097059 his attitude remained consistent and he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00400-00097060-00097101 content
+IvtRZSteDJI-00401-00097102-00097416 to maintain by 1937 that I would rather
+IvtRZSteDJI-00402-00097417-00097650 have no offspring than sacrifice our
+IvtRZSteDJI-00403-00097651-00097941 nation's interests Chang had absolutely
+IvtRZSteDJI-00404-00097942-00098157 no intention of ceasing the war against
+IvtRZSteDJI-00405-00098158-00098367 the communists Chiang kai-shek returned
+IvtRZSteDJI-00406-00098368-00098628 to Kuantan and in 1924 was appointed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00407-00098629-00098748 Commandant of the Whampoa Military
+IvtRZSteDJI-00408-00098749-00099096 Academy by son Chang resigned from the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00409-00099097-00099257 office for one month in disagreement
+IvtRZSteDJI-00410-00099258-00099456 with sons extremely close cooperation
+IvtRZSteDJI-00411-00099457-00099699 with the Comintern but returned at sons
+IvtRZSteDJI-00412-00099700-00099951 demand the early years at Whampoa
+IvtRZSteDJI-00413-00099952-00100149 allowed Chang to cultivate a cadre of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00414-00100150-00100392 young officers loyal to both the KMT and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00415-00100393-00100694 himself throughout his rise to power
+IvtRZSteDJI-00416-00100695-00100901 Chang also benefited from membership
+IvtRZSteDJI-00417-00100902-00101148 within the nationalist T&D fraternity -
+IvtRZSteDJI-00418-00101149-00101351 which sun yat-sen also belonged and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00419-00101352-00101505 which remained a source of support
+IvtRZSteDJI-00420-00101506-00102046 during his leadership of the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00421-00102047-00102408 soppec competition with wang jingwei
+IvtRZSteDJI-00422-00102409-00102603 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-00423-00102604-00102875 Sun yat-sen died on the 12th of March
+IvtRZSteDJI-00424-00102876-00103152 1925 creating a power vacuum in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00425-00103153-00103446 Kuomintang a contest ensued among Wang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00426-00103447-00103733 Jingwei liaison chi and who Hammond in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00427-00103733-00104009 August Liao was assassinated and who
+IvtRZSteDJI-00428-00104010-00104172 arrested for his connections to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00429-00104173-00104466 murderers Wang Jingwei who had succeeded
+IvtRZSteDJI-00430-00104467-00104652 son as chairman of the quantum regime
+IvtRZSteDJI-00431-00104653-00104853 seemed descendant that was forced into
+IvtRZSteDJI-00432-00104854-00105066 exile by Chang following the canton coup
+IvtRZSteDJI-00433-00105067-00105372 the SS young fang renamed the junction
+IvtRZSteDJI-00434-00105373-00105588 in son's honor had appeared off Changjo
+IvtRZSteDJI-00435-00105589-00105858 the location of the Whampoa academy uh
+IvtRZSteDJI-00436-00105858-00106109 apparently falsified orders and amid a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00437-00106110-00106347 series of unusual phone calls trying to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00438-00106348-00106641 ascertain chiang's location he initially
+IvtRZSteDJI-00439-00106642-00106827 considered fleeing Kuantan and even
+IvtRZSteDJI-00440-00106828-00107040 booked passage on a Japanese steamer but
+IvtRZSteDJI-00441-00107041-00107210 then decided to use his military
+IvtRZSteDJI-00442-00107211-00107411 connections to declare martial law on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00443-00107413-00107711 the 20th of March 1926 and cracked down
+IvtRZSteDJI-00444-00107713-00107931 on communist and Soviet influence over
+IvtRZSteDJI-00445-00107932-00108177 the NRA the military academy and the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00446-00108178-00108396 party the right wing of the party
+IvtRZSteDJI-00447-00108397-00108648 supported him and Stalin anxious to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00448-00108649-00108819 maintain Soviet influence in the area
+IvtRZSteDJI-00449-00108820-00109058 had his lieutenants agreed to Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00450-00109059-00109275 demands regarding a reduced communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00451-00109276-00109464 presence in the KMT leadership in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00452-00109465-00109653 exchange for certain other concessions
+IvtRZSteDJI-00453-00109654-00109896 the rapid replacement of leadership
+IvtRZSteDJI-00454-00109897-00110091 enabled Chang to effectively end
+IvtRZSteDJI-00455-00110092-00110292 civilian oversight of the military after
+IvtRZSteDJI-00456-00110293-00110481 May 15th though his authority was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00457-00110482-00110640 somewhat limited by the Army's own
+IvtRZSteDJI-00458-00110641-00110817 regional composition and divided
+IvtRZSteDJI-00459-00110818-00111209 loyalties on the 5th of June 1926 he was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00460-00111210-00111402 named commander-in-chief of the national
+IvtRZSteDJI-00461-00111403-00111690 revolutionary army and on July 27th he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00462-00111691-00111846 finally launched sons long-delayed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00463-00111847-00112053 northern expedition aimed at conquering
+IvtRZSteDJI-00464-00112054-00112239 the northern warlords and bringing China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00465-00112240-00112617 together under the KMT the NRA branched
+IvtRZSteDJI-00466-00112618-00112806 into three divisions to the West was the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00467-00112807-00113036 returned Wang Jingwei who led a column
+IvtRZSteDJI-00468-00113038-00113274 to take Wuhan by Chun Xi's column went
+IvtRZSteDJI-00469-00113275-00113493 east to take Shanghai Chiang himself led
+IvtRZSteDJI-00470-00113494-00113640 in the middle route planning to take
+IvtRZSteDJI-00471-00113641-00113847 Nanjing before pressing ahead to capture
+IvtRZSteDJI-00472-00113848-00114252 Beijing however in January 1927 Wang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00473-00114253-00114516 Jingwei and his KMT leftist allies took
+IvtRZSteDJI-00474-00114517-00114717 the city of Wuhan amid much popular
+IvtRZSteDJI-00475-00114718-00114996 mobilization and fanfare allied with a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00476-00114997-00115208 number of Chinese Communists and advised
+IvtRZSteDJI-00477-00115209-00115443 by Soviet agent mikhail Barden Wang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00478-00115444-00115610 declared the national government as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00479-00115611-00115866 having moved to Wuhan having taken
+IvtRZSteDJI-00480-00115867-00115981 Nanjing in March
+IvtRZSteDJI-00481-00115982-00116188 and briefly visited Shanghai now under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00482-00116189-00116398 the control of his close ally by Chong
+IvtRZSteDJI-00483-00116399-00116593 she Chang halted his campaign and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00484-00116594-00116752 prepared a violent break with Wang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00485-00116753-00116910 leftist elements which he believed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00486-00116911-00117220 threatened his control of the KMT now
+IvtRZSteDJI-00487-00117221-00117418 with an established national government
+IvtRZSteDJI-00488-00117419-00117640 in Nanjing and supported by conservative
+IvtRZSteDJI-00489-00117641-00117841 allies including who hanmin chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00490-00117842-00118024 expulsion of the Communists and their
+IvtRZSteDJI-00491-00118025-00118228 Soviet advisors led to the beginning of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00492-00118229-00118501 the Chinese Civil War Wang Jing weighs
+IvtRZSteDJI-00493-00118502-00118708 national government was weak militarily
+IvtRZSteDJI-00494-00118708-00118903 and was soon ended by Chiang with the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00495-00118904-00119128 support of a local warlord li zongren of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00496-00119129-00119449 Guang XI eventually Wang and his leftist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00497-00119450-00119626 party surrendered to Chiang and joined
+IvtRZSteDJI-00498-00119627-00119905 him in Nanjing in the central plains war
+IvtRZSteDJI-00499-00119906-00120210 Beijing was taken on June 1928 from an
+IvtRZSteDJI-00500-00120211-00120411 alliance of the Warlord's Fung Yu Xiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00501-00120413-00120670 and yan xishan in December the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00502-00120671-00120861 Manchurian warlord Zhang Xue Liang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00503-00120863-00121011 pledged allegiance to Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00504-00121013-00121209 government completing Chiang's nominal
+IvtRZSteDJI-00505-00121210-00121396 unification of China and ending the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00506-00121397-00121789 warlord era in 1927 when he was setting
+IvtRZSteDJI-00507-00121790-00121951 up the Nationalist government in nan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00508-00121952-00122164 Jane he was preoccupied with the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00509-00122165-00122404 elevation of our leader dr. Sun yat-sen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00510-00122405-00122623 to the rank of father of our Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00511-00122624-00123004 Republic dr. Sun worked for 40 years to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00512-00123005-00123205 lead our people in the nationalist cause
+IvtRZSteDJI-00513-00123206-00123375 and we cannot allow any other
+IvtRZSteDJI-00514-00123376-00123601 personality to usurp this honored
+IvtRZSteDJI-00515-00123602-00123928 position he asked Chen Guo foo to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00516-00123929-00124083 purchase a photograph that had been
+IvtRZSteDJI-00517-00124084-00124501 taken in Japan around 1895 or 1898 it
+IvtRZSteDJI-00518-00124502-00124669 showed members of the revived China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00519-00124670-00124935 society with young Kui Wan Yan Koo Yin
+IvtRZSteDJI-00520-00124936-00125176 or yang Koo Yin pinyin yang Quian as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00521-00125177-00125398 president in the place of honor and son
+IvtRZSteDJI-00522-00125399-00125634 as secretary on the back row along with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00523-00125635-00125818 members of the Japanese chapter of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00524-00125819-00126097 revived China Society when told that it
+IvtRZSteDJI-00525-00126098-00126309 was not for sale Chang offered a million
+IvtRZSteDJI-00526-00126310-00126490 dollars to recover the photo and it's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00527-00126491-00126679 negative the party must have this
+IvtRZSteDJI-00528-00126680-00126900 picture in the negative at any price
+IvtRZSteDJI-00529-00126901-00127158 they must be destroyed as soon as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00530-00127159-00127399 possible it would be embarrassing to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00531-00127400-00127591 have our Father of the Chinese Republic
+IvtRZSteDJI-00532-00127592-00127942 shown in a subordinate position Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00533-00127943-00128140 never obtained either the photo or its
+IvtRZSteDJI-00534-00128141-00128425 negative Chang made great efforts to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00535-00128426-00128593 gain recognition as the official
+IvtRZSteDJI-00536-00128594-00128893 successor of Sun yat-sen in a pairing of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00537-00128894-00129106 great political significance Chang was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00538-00129107-00129319 son's brother-in-law he had married some
+IvtRZSteDJI-00539-00129320-00129370 male
+IvtRZSteDJI-00540-00129371-00129550 the younger sister of some chingling
+IvtRZSteDJI-00541-00129551-00129935 son's Widow on the 1st of December 1927
+IvtRZSteDJI-00542-00129936-00130198 originally rebuffed in the early 1920s
+IvtRZSteDJI-00543-00130199-00130440 Chang managed to ingratiate himself to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00544-00130441-00130651 some degree with some mailings mother by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00545-00130652-00130839 first divorcing his wife and concubines
+IvtRZSteDJI-00546-00130840-00131061 and promising to sincerely study the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00547-00131063-00131323 precepts of Christianity he read the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00548-00131324-00131502 copy of the Bible that mei-ling had
+IvtRZSteDJI-00549-00131503-00131679 given him twice before making up his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00550-00131680-00131863 mind to become a Christian and three
+IvtRZSteDJI-00551-00131864-00132066 years after his marriage he was baptized
+IvtRZSteDJI-00552-00132067-00132301 in the sons Methodist Church although
+IvtRZSteDJI-00553-00132302-00132508 some observers felt that he adopted
+IvtRZSteDJI-00554-00132509-00132757 Christianity as a political move studies
+IvtRZSteDJI-00555-00132758-00132976 of his recently opened Diaries suggest
+IvtRZSteDJI-00556-00132977-00133171 that his faith was strong and sincere
+IvtRZSteDJI-00557-00133172-00133329 and that he felt that Christianity
+IvtRZSteDJI-00558-00133330-00133527 reinforced Confucian moral teachings
+IvtRZSteDJI-00559-00133528-00133744 upon reaching Beijing Chang paid homage
+IvtRZSteDJI-00560-00133745-00133987 to Sun yat-sen and had his body moved to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00561-00133988-00134149 the new capital of Nanjing to be
+IvtRZSteDJI-00562-00134150-00134677 enshrined in a grand mausoleum
+IvtRZSteDJI-00563-00134678-00135137 pick rising power
+IvtRZSteDJI-00564-00135138-00135326 in the West and in the Soviet Union
+IvtRZSteDJI-00565-00135327-00135587 Chiang kai-shek was known as the red
+IvtRZSteDJI-00566-00135588-00135875 general movie theaters in the Soviet
+IvtRZSteDJI-00567-00135876-00136068 Union showed newsreels and clips of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00568-00136069-00136415 Chang at Moscow Sun yat-sen University
+IvtRZSteDJI-00569-00136416-00136571 portraits of Chang were hung on the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00570-00136572-00136796 walls and in the Soviet May Day parades
+IvtRZSteDJI-00571-00136797-00136865 that year
+IvtRZSteDJI-00572-00136866-00137043 Chang's portrait was to be carried along
+IvtRZSteDJI-00573-00137044-00137273 with the portraits of Karl Marx Vladimir
+IvtRZSteDJI-00574-00137274-00137504 Lenin Josef Stalin and other communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00575-00137505-00137789 leaders the United States consulate and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00576-00137790-00137954 other Westerners in Shanghai were
+IvtRZSteDJI-00577-00137955-00138140 concerned about the approach of red
+IvtRZSteDJI-00578-00138141-00138407 general Chiang as his army was seizing
+IvtRZSteDJI-00579-00138408-00138626 control of large areas of the country in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00580-00138627-00138953 the northern expedition on April 12 1927
+IvtRZSteDJI-00581-00138954-00139145 Chang carried out a purge of thousands
+IvtRZSteDJI-00582-00139146-00139344 of suspected communists and dissidents
+IvtRZSteDJI-00583-00139345-00139532 in Shanghai and began large-scale
+IvtRZSteDJI-00584-00139533-00139685 massacres across the country
+IvtRZSteDJI-00585-00139686-00139903 collectively known as the white terror
+IvtRZSteDJI-00586-00139904-00140189 during April more than 12,000 people
+IvtRZSteDJI-00587-00140190-00140462 were killed in Shanghai the killings
+IvtRZSteDJI-00588-00140463-00140684 drove most communists from urban cities
+IvtRZSteDJI-00589-00140685-00140879 and into the rural countryside where the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00590-00140880-00141194 KMT was less powerful in the year after
+IvtRZSteDJI-00591-00141195-00141545 April 1927 over 300,000 people died
+IvtRZSteDJI-00592-00141546-00141731 across China in anti-communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00593-00141732-00141938 suppression campaigns executed by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00594-00141939-00142009 KMT
+IvtRZSteDJI-00595-00142010-00142283 one of the most famous quotes from Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00596-00142284-00142436 during that time was that he would
+IvtRZSteDJI-00597-00142437-00142670 rather mistakenly kill 1000 innocent
+IvtRZSteDJI-00598-00142671-00142862 people rather than allow one communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00599-00142863-00143129 to escape some estimates claim the white
+IvtRZSteDJI-00600-00143130-00143336 terror in China took millions of lives
+IvtRZSteDJI-00601-00143337-00143603 most of them in the rural areas no
+IvtRZSteDJI-00602-00143604-00143849 concrete number can be verified Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00603-00143850-00144089 allowed Soviet agent and advisor Mikhail
+IvtRZSteDJI-00604-00144090-00144347 Barden and Soviet general Vasily Blucher
+IvtRZSteDJI-00605-00144348-00144989 Galan's escape to safety after the purge
+IvtRZSteDJI-00606-00144990-00145483 topic rule
+IvtRZSteDJI-00607-00145484-00145729 having gained control of china Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00608-00145730-00146001 party remained surrounded by surrendered
+IvtRZSteDJI-00609-00146002-00146203 warlords who remained relatively
+IvtRZSteDJI-00610-00146204-00146407 autonomous within their own regions on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00611-00146408-00146716 the 10th of October 1928 Chiang was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00612-00146717-00146917 named director of the State Council the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00613-00146918-00147097 equivalent to president of the country
+IvtRZSteDJI-00614-00147098-00147373 in addition to his other titles as with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00615-00147374-00147535 his predecessor Sun yat-sen
+IvtRZSteDJI-00616-00147536-00147711 the Western media dubbed him
+IvtRZSteDJI-00617-00147712-00147835 Generalissimo
+IvtRZSteDJI-00618-00147836-00148087 according to Sun yat-sen's plans the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00619-00148088-00148372 Kuomintang KMT was to rebuild China in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00620-00148373-00148447 three steps
+IvtRZSteDJI-00621-00148448-00148681 military rule political tutelage and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00622-00148682-00148960 constitutional rule the ultimate goal of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00623-00148961-00149233 the KMT Revolution was democracy which
+IvtRZSteDJI-00624-00149234-00149416 was not considered to be feasible in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00625-00149417-00149731 China's fragmented state since the KMT
+IvtRZSteDJI-00626-00149732-00149896 had completed the first step of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00627-00149897-00150082 revolution through seizure of power in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00628-00150083-00150373 1928 Chiang's ruled thus began a period
+IvtRZSteDJI-00629-00150374-00150529 of what his party considered to be
+IvtRZSteDJI-00630-00150530-00150874 political tutelage in Sun yat-sen's name
+IvtRZSteDJI-00631-00150875-00151096 during this so-called Republican era
+IvtRZSteDJI-00632-00151097-00151303 many features of a modern functional
+IvtRZSteDJI-00633-00151304-00151612 Chinese state emerged and developed from
+IvtRZSteDJI-00634-00151613-00151978 1928 to 1937 a time period known as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00635-00151979-00152215 known as the Nanjing decade some aspects
+IvtRZSteDJI-00636-00152216-00152437 of foreign imperialism concessions and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00637-00152438-00152629 privileges in China were moderated
+IvtRZSteDJI-00638-00152630-00152887 through diplomacy the government acted
+IvtRZSteDJI-00639-00152888-00153100 to modernize the legal and penal systems
+IvtRZSteDJI-00640-00153101-00153346 attempted to stabilize prices amortized
+IvtRZSteDJI-00641-00153347-00153535 debts reform the banking and currency
+IvtRZSteDJI-00642-00153536-00153729 systems build railroads and highways
+IvtRZSteDJI-00643-00153730-00153949 improved public health facilities
+IvtRZSteDJI-00644-00153950-00154183 legislate against traffic and narcotics
+IvtRZSteDJI-00645-00154184-00154342 and augment industrial and agricultural
+IvtRZSteDJI-00646-00154343-00154669 production not all of these projects
+IvtRZSteDJI-00647-00154670-00154900 were successfully completed efforts were
+IvtRZSteDJI-00648-00154901-00155074 made towards improving education
+IvtRZSteDJI-00649-00155075-00155245 standards and in an effort to unify
+IvtRZSteDJI-00650-00155246-00155458 Chinese society the new life movement
+IvtRZSteDJI-00651-00155459-00155650 was launched to encourage Confucian
+IvtRZSteDJI-00652-00155651-00155847 moral values and personal discipline
+IvtRZSteDJI-00653-00155848-00156256 guoyu national language was promoted as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00654-00156257-00156457 a standard tongue and the establishment
+IvtRZSteDJI-00655-00156458-00156664 of communications facilities including
+IvtRZSteDJI-00656-00156665-00156877 radio were used to encourage a sense of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00657-00156878-00157072 Chinese nationalism in a way that was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00658-00157073-00157249 not possible when the nation lacked an
+IvtRZSteDJI-00659-00157250-00157471 effective central government any
+IvtRZSteDJI-00660-00157472-00157705 successes that the Nationalists did make
+IvtRZSteDJI-00661-00157706-00157900 however were met with constant political
+IvtRZSteDJI-00662-00157901-00158191 and military appeals while much of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00663-00158192-00158356 urban areas were now under the control
+IvtRZSteDJI-00664-00158357-00158575 of the KMT much of the countryside
+IvtRZSteDJI-00665-00158576-00158776 remained under the influence of weakened
+IvtRZSteDJI-00666-00158777-00158848 yet undefeated
+IvtRZSteDJI-00667-00158849-00159133 warlords and communists Chang often
+IvtRZSteDJI-00668-00159134-00159340 resolved issues of warlord obstinacy
+IvtRZSteDJI-00669-00159341-00159568 through military action but such action
+IvtRZSteDJI-00670-00159569-00159784 was costly in terms of men and materiel
+IvtRZSteDJI-00671-00159785-00160123 the 1930 central plains war alone nearly
+IvtRZSteDJI-00672-00160124-00160276 bankrupted the Nationalist government
+IvtRZSteDJI-00673-00160277-00160629 and caused almost 250,000 casualties on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00674-00160630-00160897 both sides in 1931
+IvtRZSteDJI-00675-00160898-00161104 who henman Chiang's old supporter
+IvtRZSteDJI-00676-00161105-00161329 publicly voiced a popular concern that
+IvtRZSteDJI-00677-00161330-00161509 Jiang's position is both premier and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00678-00161510-00161662 president flew in the face of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00679-00161663-00161851 democratic ideals of the Nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00680-00161852-00162109 government Chang had who put under house
+IvtRZSteDJI-00681-00162110-00162262 arrest but he was released after
+IvtRZSteDJI-00682-00162263-00162472 national condemnation after which he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00683-00162473-00162661 left Nanjing and supported a rival
+IvtRZSteDJI-00684-00162662-00162934 government in Canton the split resulted
+IvtRZSteDJI-00685-00162935-00163123 in a military conflict between whose
+IvtRZSteDJI-00686-00163124-00163279 Kuantan government and Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00687-00163280-00163549 Nationalist government Chiang only won
+IvtRZSteDJI-00688-00163550-00163741 the campaign against who after a shift
+IvtRZSteDJI-00689-00163742-00163948 in allegiance by the warlord Zhang Xue
+IvtRZSteDJI-00690-00163949-00164146 Liang who had previously supported who
+IvtRZSteDJI-00691-00164147-00164425 Henman throughout his rule complete
+IvtRZSteDJI-00692-00164426-00164623 eradication of the Communists remained
+IvtRZSteDJI-00693-00164624-00164887 Chang's dream after assembling his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00694-00164888-00165129 forces in kiyong ji Chang led his armies
+IvtRZSteDJI-00695-00165130-00165313 against the newly established Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00696-00165314-00165591 Soviet republic with help from foreign
+IvtRZSteDJI-00697-00165592-00165841 military advisers Chiang's v campaign
+IvtRZSteDJI-00698-00165842-00166060 finally surrounded the Chinese Red Army
+IvtRZSteDJI-00699-00166061-00166404 in 1934 the communist tipped off that a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00700-00166405-00166582 nationalist offensive was imminent
+IvtRZSteDJI-00701-00166583-00166771 retreated in the long march during which
+IvtRZSteDJI-00702-00166772-00166984 Mao Zedong rose from a mere military
+IvtRZSteDJI-00703-00166985-00167173 official to the most influential leader
+IvtRZSteDJI-00704-00167174-00167491 of the Communist Party of China Chang as
+IvtRZSteDJI-00705-00167492-00167701 a nationalist in a Confucian astre
+IvtRZSteDJI-00706-00167702-00167908 against the iconoclasm of the may 4th
+IvtRZSteDJI-00707-00167909-00168163 movement motivated by his sense of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00708-00168164-00168382 nationalism he viewed some Western ideas
+IvtRZSteDJI-00709-00168383-00168538 as foreign and he believed that the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00710-00168539-00168748 great introduction of Western ideas and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00711-00168749-00168879 literature that the may 4th movement
+IvtRZSteDJI-00712-00168880-00169213 promoted was not beneficial to China he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00713-00169214-00169399 and dr. Sun criticized the may 4th
+IvtRZSteDJI-00714-00169400-00169600 intellectuals as corrupting the morals
+IvtRZSteDJI-00715-00169601-00169825 of China's youth contrary to communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00716-00169826-00170044 propaganda that he was Pro capitalism
+IvtRZSteDJI-00717-00170045-00170251 Chang antagonized the capitalists of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00718-00170252-00170413 Shanghai often attacking them and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00719-00170414-00170626 confiscating their capital and assets
+IvtRZSteDJI-00720-00170627-00170841 for the use of the government Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00721-00170842-00171046 confiscated the wealth of capitalists
+IvtRZSteDJI-00722-00171047-00171199 even while he denounced and fought
+IvtRZSteDJI-00723-00171200-00171441 against communists Chiang crushed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00724-00171442-00171637 pro-communist worker and peasant
+IvtRZSteDJI-00725-00171638-00171804 organizations and rich Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00726-00171805-00172063 capitalists at the same time Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00727-00172064-00172240 continued the anti-capitalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00728-00172241-00172459 ideology of sun yat-sen directing
+IvtRZSteDJI-00729-00172460-00172648 Kuomintang media to openly attack
+IvtRZSteDJI-00730-00172649-00172834 capitalists and capitalism while
+IvtRZSteDJI-00731-00172835-00173023 demanding government controlled industry
+IvtRZSteDJI-00732-00173024-00173239 instead Chang has often been interpreted
+IvtRZSteDJI-00733-00173240-00173413 as being Pro capitalist but this
+IvtRZSteDJI-00734-00173414-00173598 conclusion may be problematic
+IvtRZSteDJI-00735-00173599-00173887 Shanghai capitalists did briefly support
+IvtRZSteDJI-00736-00173888-00174181 him out of fear of communism in 1927 but
+IvtRZSteDJI-00737-00174182-00174445 this support eroded in 1928 when Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00738-00174446-00174631 turned his tactics of intimidation on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00739-00174632-00174868 them the relationship between Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00740-00174869-00175069 kai-shek and Chinese capitalists
+IvtRZSteDJI-00741-00175070-00175240 remained poor throughout the period of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00742-00175241-00175519 his administration Chang blocked Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00743-00175520-00175699 capitalists from gaining any political
+IvtRZSteDJI-00744-00175700-00175912 power or voice within his regime
+IvtRZSteDJI-00745-00175913-00176155 once Chiang kai-shek was done with his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00746-00176156-00176362 white terror on pro-communist laborers
+IvtRZSteDJI-00747-00176363-00176607 he proceeded to turn on the capitalists
+IvtRZSteDJI-00748-00176608-00176842 gangster connections allowed Chang to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00749-00176843-00176986 attack them in the international
+IvtRZSteDJI-00750-00176987-00177160 settlement successfully forcing
+IvtRZSteDJI-00751-00177161-00177334 capitalists to back him up with their
+IvtRZSteDJI-00752-00177335-00177544 assets for his military expeditions
+IvtRZSteDJI-00753-00177545-00177811 Chang viewed Japan America the Soviet
+IvtRZSteDJI-00754-00177812-00178009 Union France and Britain is all being
+IvtRZSteDJI-00755-00178010-00178195 imperialists with nobody else's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00756-00178196-00178384 interests in mind but their own seeing
+IvtRZSteDJI-00757-00178385-00178540 them as hypocritical to condemn each
+IvtRZSteDJI-00758-00178541-00178714 other for imperialism which they all
+IvtRZSteDJI-00759-00178715-00179038 practiced he manipulated America Nazi
+IvtRZSteDJI-00760-00179039-00179248 Germany and the Soviet Union to regain
+IvtRZSteDJI-00761-00179249-00179455 lost territories for China as he viewed
+IvtRZSteDJI-00762-00179456-00179668 all the powers as imperialists trying to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00763-00179669-00179872 curtail and suppress China's power and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00764-00179873-00180310 national resurrection
+IvtRZSteDJI-00765-00180311-00180864 topic mass deaths under nationalist rule
+IvtRZSteDJI-00766-00180865-00181101 some sources attribute Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-00767-00181102-00181321 with responsibility for millions of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00768-00181322-00181521 deaths in scattered mass death events
+IvtRZSteDJI-00769-00181522-00181704 caused by the Nationalist government of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00770-00181705-00181950 China he is certainly partially
+IvtRZSteDJI-00771-00181951-00182202 responsible for the 1938 Yellow River
+IvtRZSteDJI-00772-00182203-00182403 flood which killed hundreds of thousands
+IvtRZSteDJI-00773-00182404-00182596 of Chinese civilians in order to fend
+IvtRZSteDJI-00774-00182597-00182862 off a Japanese advance this accusation
+IvtRZSteDJI-00775-00182863-00183099 is usually sourced from Rudolf Rumball
+IvtRZSteDJI-00776-00183100-00183256 who was referring to the nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00777-00183257-00183418 regime as whole rather than Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00778-00183419-00183702 kai-shek in particular regardless the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00779-00183703-00183888 Nationalist government of China has been
+IvtRZSteDJI-00780-00183889-00184086 accused of mass killings by Rummel
+IvtRZSteDJI-00781-00184087-00184294 estimating the Nationalist government of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00782-00184295-00184524 China as responsible for between six and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00783-00184525-00184831 eighteen point five million deaths he
+IvtRZSteDJI-00784-00184832-00185013 attributes this death toll to a few
+IvtRZSteDJI-00785-00185014-00185376 major causes for example 1.3 million
+IvtRZSteDJI-00786-00185377-00185620 Chinese civilians starved or killed in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00787-00185621-00185840 order to fend off communist advance
+IvtRZSteDJI-00788-00185841-00186123 hundreds of thousands 300,000 of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00789-00186124-00186285 peasants and communists killed in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00790-00186286-00186745 political repression 1.75 - 2.5 million
+IvtRZSteDJI-00791-00186746-00186958 Chinese starving to death due to grain
+IvtRZSteDJI-00792-00186959-00187156 being confiscated and sold to other
+IvtRZSteDJI-00793-00187157-00187347 peasants for the profit of Nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00794-00187348-00187647 government officials four million two
+IvtRZSteDJI-00795-00187648-00187785 hundred twelve thousand Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00796-00187786-00188004 perishing at the start of both the Civil
+IvtRZSteDJI-00797-00188005-00188241 War and the second sino-japanese war due
+IvtRZSteDJI-00798-00188242-00188409 to starving to death or dying from
+IvtRZSteDJI-00799-00188410-00188596 disease during horrific conscription
+IvtRZSteDJI-00800-00188597-00188920 campaigns four hundred forty thousand to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00801-00188921-00189084 eight hundred ninety-three thousand
+IvtRZSteDJI-00802-00189085-00189261 Chinese civilians perishing in a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00803-00189262-00189462 man-made flood by the Nationalists to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00804-00189463-00189961 stop a Japanese advance
+IvtRZSteDJI-00805-00189962-00190135 pick first phase of the Chinese Civil
+IvtRZSteDJI-00806-00190136-00190513 War
+IvtRZSteDJI-00807-00190514-00190837 in man Jane on April 1931 Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00808-00190838-00191035 kai-shek attended a national leadership
+IvtRZSteDJI-00809-00191036-00191227 conference with John Xue Liang and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00810-00191228-00191425 general ma Phu Xiang in which Chiang and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00811-00191426-00191653 Jang dauntless Lee upheld that Manchuria
+IvtRZSteDJI-00812-00191654-00191827 was part of China in the face of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00813-00191828-00192094 Japanese invasion after the Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00814-00192095-00192382 invasion of Manchuria in 1931 Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00815-00192383-00192553 resigned his chairman of the national
+IvtRZSteDJI-00816-00192554-00192607 government
+IvtRZSteDJI-00817-00192608-00192892 he returned shortly afterwards adopting
+IvtRZSteDJI-00818-00192893-00193129 the slogan first internal pacification
+IvtRZSteDJI-00819-00193130-00193507 then external resistance however this
+IvtRZSteDJI-00820-00193508-00193732 policy of avoiding a frontal war against
+IvtRZSteDJI-00821-00193733-00194022 the Japanese was widely unpopular in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00822-00194023-00194293 1932 while Chiang was seeking first to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00823-00194294-00194503 defeat the Communists Japan launched an
+IvtRZSteDJI-00824-00194504-00194704 advance on Shanghai and bombarded nan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00825-00194705-00194998 Jane this disrupted Chiang's offensives
+IvtRZSteDJI-00826-00194999-00195166 against the communists for a time
+IvtRZSteDJI-00827-00195167-00195352 although it was the northern factions of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00828-00195353-00195556 who hen Minsk wanting government notably
+IvtRZSteDJI-00829-00195557-00195787 the 19th route army that primarily led
+IvtRZSteDJI-00830-00195788-00195955 the offensive against the Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00831-00195956-00196189 during the skirmish brought into the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00832-00196190-00196387 nationalist army immediately after the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00833-00196388-00196606 battle the 19th route army x' career
+IvtRZSteDJI-00834-00196607-00196798 under Chiang would be cut short after it
+IvtRZSteDJI-00835-00196799-00196957 was disbanded for demonstrating
+IvtRZSteDJI-00836-00196958-00197344 socialist tendencies in December 1936
+IvtRZSteDJI-00837-00197345-00197548 Chiang flew to Xian to coordinate a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00838-00197549-00197740 major assault on the Red Army and the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00839-00197741-00197917 Communist Republic that had retreated
+IvtRZSteDJI-00840-00197918-00198208 into yen on however Chiang's Allied
+IvtRZSteDJI-00841-00198209-00198430 commander John Xue Liang whose forces
+IvtRZSteDJI-00842-00198431-00198580 were used in his attack and whose
+IvtRZSteDJI-00843-00198581-00198778 homeland of Manchuria had been recently
+IvtRZSteDJI-00844-00198779-00198994 invaded by the Japanese did not support
+IvtRZSteDJI-00845-00198995-00199276 the attack on the Communists on December
+IvtRZSteDJI-00846-00199277-00199504 12th Jang and several other nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00847-00199505-00199684 generals headed by Yong ha Chiang of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00848-00199685-00199909 Shanxi kidnapped Chiang for two weeks in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00849-00199910-00200161 what is known as the xian incident they
+IvtRZSteDJI-00850-00200162-00200431 forced Chiang into Makena second United
+IvtRZSteDJI-00851-00200432-00200695 Front with the Communists against Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00852-00200696-00200944 after releasing Chiang and returning to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00853-00200945-00201136 Nanjing with him Jang was placed under
+IvtRZSteDJI-00854-00201137-00201325 house arrest and the generals who had
+IvtRZSteDJI-00855-00201326-00201568 assisted him were executed Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-00856-00201569-00201757 commitment to the second United Front
+IvtRZSteDJI-00857-00201758-00201961 was nominal at best and it was all but
+IvtRZSteDJI-00858-00201962-00202408 broken up in 1941
+IvtRZSteDJI-00859-00202409-00203006 topic second sino-japanese war
+IvtRZSteDJI-00860-00203007-00203273 the second sino-japanese war broke out
+IvtRZSteDJI-00861-00203274-00203552 in July 1937 and in August of that year
+IvtRZSteDJI-00862-00203553-00203840 Chang sent 600,000 of his best trained
+IvtRZSteDJI-00863-00203841-00204043 and equipped soldiers to defend Shanghai
+IvtRZSteDJI-00864-00204044-00204380 with over 200,000 Chinese casualties
+IvtRZSteDJI-00865-00204381-00204587 Chang lost the political cream of his
+IvtRZSteDJI-00866-00204588-00204737 Whampoa trained officers
+IvtRZSteDJI-00867-00204738-00205001 although Chang lost militarily the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00868-00205002-00205211 battle dispelled Japanese claims that it
+IvtRZSteDJI-00869-00205212-00205396 could conquer China in three months and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00870-00205398-00205594 demonstrated to the Western powers that
+IvtRZSteDJI-00871-00205596-00205838 the Chinese would continue the fight by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00872-00205839-00206081 December the capital city of Nanjing had
+IvtRZSteDJI-00873-00206082-00206273 fallen to the Japanese resulting in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00874-00206273-00206519 Nanking Massacre Chiang moved the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00875-00206519-00206698 government inland first to Wuhan and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00876-00206700-00207026 later to chunk chain having lost most of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00877-00207027-00207248 China's economic and industrial centers
+IvtRZSteDJI-00878-00207248-00207434 Chang withdrew into the hinterlands
+IvtRZSteDJI-00879-00207435-00207644 stretching the Japanese supply lines and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00880-00207644-00207836 bogging down Japanese soldiers in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00881-00207837-00208106 vast Chinese interior as part of a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00882-00208107-00208328 policy of protracted resistance Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00883-00208329-00208496 authorized the use of scorched earth
+IvtRZSteDJI-00884-00208496-00208706 tactics resulting in many civilian
+IvtRZSteDJI-00885-00208707-00208931 deaths during the Nationalists to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00886-00208932-00209129 retreat from jeong-ja the dams around
+IvtRZSteDJI-00887-00209130-00209303 the city were deliberately destroyed by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00888-00209304-00209510 the nationalist army in order to delay
+IvtRZSteDJI-00889-00209511-00209773 the Japanese advance killing 500,000
+IvtRZSteDJI-00890-00209775-00210026 people in the subsequent 1938 Yellow
+IvtRZSteDJI-00891-00210027-00210317 River flood after heavy fighting the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00892-00210317-00210536 Japanese occupied Wuhan in the fall of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00893-00210537-00210794 1938 and the Nationalists retreated
+IvtRZSteDJI-00894-00210794-00211040 farther inland to Chongqing while
+IvtRZSteDJI-00895-00211041-00211241 enroute to Chongqing the nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00896-00211242-00211481 army intentionally started the fire of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00897-00211482-00211733 Changsha as a part of the scorched earth
+IvtRZSteDJI-00898-00211734-00211991 policy the fire destroyed much of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00899-00211992-00212248 city killed 20,000 civilians and left
+IvtRZSteDJI-00900-00212250-00212440 hundreds of thousands of people homeless
+IvtRZSteDJI-00901-00212441-00212719 due to an organizational error it was
+IvtRZSteDJI-00902-00212721-00212915 claimed the fire was begun without any
+IvtRZSteDJI-00903-00212916-00213169 warning to the residents of the city the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00904-00213171-00213365 Nationalists eventually blamed three
+IvtRZSteDJI-00905-00213366-00213539 local commanders for the fire and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00906-00213540-00213823 executed them newspapers across China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00907-00213825-00214133 blamed the fire on nan KMT arsonists but
+IvtRZSteDJI-00908-00214134-00214304 the blaze contributed to a nationwide
+IvtRZSteDJI-00909-00214305-00214631 loss of support for the KMT in 1939
+IvtRZSteDJI-00910-00214632-00214883 Muslim leaders isa Yusuf optic and and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00911-00214884-00215096 ma fulling were sent by Chang to several
+IvtRZSteDJI-00912-00215096-00215309 Middle Eastern countries including Egypt
+IvtRZSteDJI-00913-00215310-00215548 Turkey and Syria to gain support for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00914-00215550-00215771 Chinese war against Japan and to express
+IvtRZSteDJI-00915-00215771-00215987 his support for Muslims the Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00916-00215988-00216134 controlling the puppet state of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00917-00216135-00216373 Manchukuo and much of China's Eastern
+IvtRZSteDJI-00918-00216375-00216557 board appointed Wang Jingwei as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00919-00216558-00216776 Quisling ruler of the occupied Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-00920-00216777-00217061 territories around nan Jane Wang named
+IvtRZSteDJI-00921-00217062-00217250 himself president of the Executive Yuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-00922-00217251-00217436 and chairman of the national government
+IvtRZSteDJI-00923-00217437-00217682 not the same national government as Qi
+IvtRZSteDJI-00924-00217683-00217853 hanks and led a surprisingly large
+IvtRZSteDJI-00925-00217854-00218092 minority of anti Chiang anti-communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-00926-00218094-00218387 Chinese against his old comrades he died
+IvtRZSteDJI-00927-00218388-00218636 in 1944 within a year of the end of
+IvtRZSteDJI-00928-00218637-00218746 World War two
+IvtRZSteDJI-00929-00218746-00219050 the way Muslims IDEO Tang sect pledged
+IvtRZSteDJI-00930-00219051-00219248 allegiance to the Kuomintang after their
+IvtRZSteDJI-00931-00219248-00219479 rise to power and way Muslim General by
+IvtRZSteDJI-00932-00219480-00219646 Chiang she acquainted Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-00933-00219648-00219896 with the zio Tang josue mom in grin in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00934-00219896-00220310 1941 in Chongqing in 1942 Generalissimo
+IvtRZSteDJI-00935-00220311-00220492 Chiang kai-shek went on tour in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00936-00220494-00220736 northwestern China in Xinjiang van soo
+IvtRZSteDJI-00937-00220737-00221012 ninja Shanxi and Qing hai where he met
+IvtRZSteDJI-00938-00221013-00221221 both Muslim generals mob bucking and ma
+IvtRZSteDJI-00939-00221223-00221525 bufang he also met the Muslim generals
+IvtRZSteDJI-00940-00221526-00221800 Mahon ban and Mahan Kui separately a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00941-00221801-00222158 border crisis erupted with Tibet in 1942
+IvtRZSteDJI-00942-00222159-00222419 under orders from Chiang kai-shek ma
+IvtRZSteDJI-00943-00222419-00222619 bufang repaired Yu Shu Airport to
+IvtRZSteDJI-00944-00222621-00222821 prevent Tibetan separatists from seeking
+IvtRZSteDJI-00945-00222821-00223100 independence Chiang also ordered ma
+IvtRZSteDJI-00946-00223101-00223310 bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00947-00223311-00223585 alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942
+IvtRZSteDJI-00948-00223586-00223871 ma bufang complied and moved several
+IvtRZSteDJI-00949-00223871-00224071 thousand troops to the border with Tibet
+IvtRZSteDJI-00950-00224071-00224330 Chang also threatened the Tibetans with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00951-00224331-00224498 aerial bombardment if they worked with
+IvtRZSteDJI-00952-00224498-00224786 the Japanese mob bufang attacked the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00953-00224787-00224966 Tibetan Buddhist saying Monastery in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00954-00224967-00225326 1941 he also constantly attacked the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00955-00225327-00225521 labrang monastery with the attack on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00956-00225521-00225677 Pearl Harbor in the opening of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00957-00225678-00225881 Pacific War China became one of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00958-00225882-00226178 Allied powers during and after World War
+IvtRZSteDJI-00959-00226179-00226421 two Chang and his American educated wife
+IvtRZSteDJI-00960-00226421-00226648 sung may Lane known in the United States
+IvtRZSteDJI-00961-00226650-00226955 as Madame Chiang held the support of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00962-00226956-00227162 China Lobby in the United States which
+IvtRZSteDJI-00963-00227163-00227333 signed them the hope of a Christian and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00964-00227334-00227432 democratic China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00965-00227433-00227654 Chiang was even named the Supreme
+IvtRZSteDJI-00966-00227655-00227858 Commander of Allied forces in the China
+IvtRZSteDJI-00967-00227859-00228137 war zone he was appointed Knight Grand
+IvtRZSteDJI-00968-00228138-00228404 Cross of the order of the bath in 1942
+IvtRZSteDJI-00969-00228405-00228644 General Joseph Stilwell an American
+IvtRZSteDJI-00970-00228644-00228844 military adviser to Chang during World
+IvtRZSteDJI-00971-00228846-00229091 War two strongly criticized Chang and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00972-00229092-00229244 his generals for what he saw as their
+IvtRZSteDJI-00973-00229244-00229604 incompetence and corruption in 1944 the
+IvtRZSteDJI-00974-00229605-00229759 United States Army Air
+IvtRZSteDJI-00975-00229760-00229951 or commenced operation matterhorn in
+IvtRZSteDJI-00976-00229952-00230162 order to bomb Japan steel industry from
+IvtRZSteDJI-00977-00230163-00230342 bases to be constructed in mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-00978-00230342-00230546 China this was meant to fulfill
+IvtRZSteDJI-00979-00230546-00230771 President Roosevelt's promise to Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00980-00230771-00230827 kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-00981-00230828-00231019 to begin bombing operations against
+IvtRZSteDJI-00982-00231021-00231256 Japan by November 1944
+IvtRZSteDJI-00983-00231257-00231529 however Chiang kai-shek subordinates
+IvtRZSteDJI-00984-00231530-00231697 refused to take air base construction
+IvtRZSteDJI-00985-00231698-00231934 seriously until enough capital had been
+IvtRZSteDJI-00986-00231935-00232096 delivered to permit embezzlement on a
+IvtRZSteDJI-00987-00232098-00232192 massive scale
+IvtRZSteDJI-00988-00232194-00232450 still well estimated that at least half
+IvtRZSteDJI-00989-00232451-00232657 of the 100 million dollars spent on
+IvtRZSteDJI-00990-00232658-00232867 construction of air bases was embezzled
+IvtRZSteDJI-00991-00232869-00233077 by nationalist party officials Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-00992-00233078-00233278 played the Soviets and Americans against
+IvtRZSteDJI-00993-00233279-00233533 each other during the war he first told
+IvtRZSteDJI-00994-00233534-00233710 the Americans that they would be welcome
+IvtRZSteDJI-00995-00233711-00233902 in talks between the Soviet Union and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00996-00233903-00234089 China then secretly told the Soviets
+IvtRZSteDJI-00997-00234090-00234304 that the Americans were unimportant and
+IvtRZSteDJI-00998-00234305-00234430 that their opinions would not be
+IvtRZSteDJI-00999-00234431-00234713 considered Chang also used American
+IvtRZSteDJI-01000-00234714-00234917 support and military power in China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01001-00234917-00235102 against the ambitions of the Soviet
+IvtRZSteDJI-01002-00235103-00235321 Union to dominate the talks stopping the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01003-00235323-00235514 Soviets from taking full advantage of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01004-00235515-00235696 the situation in China with the threat
+IvtRZSteDJI-01005-00235698-00235900 of American military action against the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01006-00235901-00236341 Soviets
+IvtRZSteDJI-01007-00236342-00236733 French Indochina
+IvtRZSteDJI-01008-00236734-00236966 u.s. President Franklin D Roosevelt
+IvtRZSteDJI-01009-00236967-00237221 through general Stilwell privately made
+IvtRZSteDJI-01010-00237221-00237362 it clear that they preferred that the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01011-00237363-00237546 French not reacquire French Indochina
+IvtRZSteDJI-01012-00237548-00237802 modern-day Vietnam Cambodia and Laos
+IvtRZSteDJI-01013-00237803-00238000 after the war was over
+IvtRZSteDJI-01014-00238001-00238252 Roosevelt offered Chang control of all
+IvtRZSteDJI-01015-00238253-00238471 of Indochina it was said that Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01016-00238473-00238823 replied under no circumstances after the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01017-00238823-00239114 war 200,000 Chinese troops under general
+IvtRZSteDJI-01018-00239115-00239335 Lujan were sent by Chiang kai-shek to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01019-00239336-00239546 northern Indochina north of the 16th
+IvtRZSteDJI-01020-00239546-00239717 parallel to accept the surrender of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01021-00239717-00239939 Japanese occupying forces there and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01022-00239940-00240232 remained in Indochina until 1946 when
+IvtRZSteDJI-01023-00240233-00240505 the French returned the Chinese used the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01024-00240506-00240760 V and Q DD the Vietnamese branch of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01025-00240761-00240950 Chinese Kuomintang to increase their
+IvtRZSteDJI-01026-00240951-00241132 influence in Indochina and to put
+IvtRZSteDJI-01027-00241133-00241354 pressure on their opponents Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01028-00241355-00241541 kai-shek threatened the French with war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01029-00241542-00241742 in response to maneuvering by the French
+IvtRZSteDJI-01030-00241742-00241942 and Ho Chi Minh's forces against each
+IvtRZSteDJI-01031-00241944-00241988 other
+IvtRZSteDJI-01032-00241989-00242123 forcing them to come to a peace
+IvtRZSteDJI-01033-00242123-00242479 agreement in February 1946 he also
+IvtRZSteDJI-01034-00242480-00242671 forced the French to surrender all of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01035-00242673-00242833 their concessions in China and to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01036-00242834-00242987 renounce their extraterritorial
+IvtRZSteDJI-01037-00242988-00243188 privileges in exchange for the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01038-00243189-00243376 withdrawing from northern Indochina and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01039-00243377-00243571 allowing French troops to reoccupy the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01040-00243573-00243853 region following Frances agreement to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01041-00243854-00244051 these demands the withdrawal of Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01042-00244052-00244656 troops began in March 1946
+IvtRZSteDJI-01043-00244657-00245156 topic ryu kiaus
+IvtRZSteDJI-01044-00245157-00245432 during the Cairo conference in 1943
+IvtRZSteDJI-01045-00245433-00245664 Chang said that Roosevelt asked him
+IvtRZSteDJI-01046-00245665-00245817 whether China would like to claim the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01047-00245817-00246044 Ryukyu Islands from Japan in addition to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01048-00246045-00246257 retaking Taiwan the pescadores and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01049-00246258-00246542 Manchuria Chiang claims that he said he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01050-00246544-00246701 was in favor of an international
+IvtRZSteDJI-01051-00246702-00247001 presence on the islands however the u.s.
+IvtRZSteDJI-01052-00247002-00247181 became the sole protector of the Riu
+IvtRZSteDJI-01053-00247182-00247442 kiyose in 1945 and reverted it to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01054-00247444-00247745 Japanese in 1972 while securing US
+IvtRZSteDJI-01055-00247746-00248149 military presence there
+IvtRZSteDJI-01056-00248150-00248419 topic second phase of the Chinese Civil
+IvtRZSteDJI-01057-00248420-00248796 War
+IvtRZSteDJI-01058-00248796-00249042 topic treatment and use of Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01059-00249042-00249419 soldiers
+IvtRZSteDJI-01060-00249421-00249765 in 1945 when Japan surrendered Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01061-00249766-00249930 Chongqing government was ill-equipped
+IvtRZSteDJI-01062-00249931-00250109 and ill-prepared to reassert its
+IvtRZSteDJI-01063-00250110-00250346 authority and formerly Japanese occupied
+IvtRZSteDJI-01064-00250348-00250542 China and it asked the Japanese to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01065-00250542-00250671 postpone their surrender until
+IvtRZSteDJI-01066-00250671-00250953 Kuomintang KMT Authority could arrive to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01067-00250954-00251214 take over American troops and weapons
+IvtRZSteDJI-01068-00251215-00251505 soon bolstered KMT forces allowing them
+IvtRZSteDJI-01069-00251506-00251759 to reclaim cities the countryside
+IvtRZSteDJI-01070-00251760-00251994 however remained largely under communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01071-00251994-00252276 control for over a year after the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01072-00252277-00252485 Japanese surrender rumors circulated
+IvtRZSteDJI-01073-00252486-00252666 throughout China that the Japanese had
+IvtRZSteDJI-01074-00252667-00252837 entered into a secret agreement with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01075-00252838-00253007 Chiang in which the Japanese would
+IvtRZSteDJI-01076-00253008-00253188 assist the Nationalists in fighting the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01077-00253189-00253338 Communists in exchange for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01078-00253339-00253523 protection of Japanese persons and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01079-00253525-00253803 property there many top nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01080-00253804-00254021 generals including Chiang had studied
+IvtRZSteDJI-01081-00254023-00254181 and trained in Japan before the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01082-00254182-00254333 Nationalists had returned to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01083-00254334-00254562 mainland in the 1920s and maintained
+IvtRZSteDJI-01084-00254563-00254751 close personal friendships with top
+IvtRZSteDJI-01085-00254752-00255063 Japanese officers the Japanese general
+IvtRZSteDJI-01086-00255064-00255312 in charge of all forces in China general
+IvtRZSteDJI-01087-00255313-00255542 yasujiro Kimura had personally trained
+IvtRZSteDJI-01088-00255544-00255746 officers who later became generals in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01089-00255748-00256023 Chiang's staff reportedly general
+IvtRZSteDJI-01090-00256023-00256230 Okumura before surrendering command of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01091-00256231-00256473 all japanese military forces in nan Jane
+IvtRZSteDJI-01092-00256473-00256713 offered Chiang control of all 1.5
+IvtRZSteDJI-01093-00256714-00256946 million Japanese military and civilian
+IvtRZSteDJI-01094-00256948-00257177 support staff than present in China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01095-00257178-00257454 reportedly Chiang seriously considered
+IvtRZSteDJI-01096-00257455-00257664 accepting this offer but declined only
+IvtRZSteDJI-01097-00257665-00257832 in the knowledge that the United States
+IvtRZSteDJI-01098-00257833-00257994 would certainly be outraged by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01099-00257994-00258317 gesture even so armed Japanese troops
+IvtRZSteDJI-01100-00258319-00258600 remained in China well into 1947 with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01101-00258601-00258773 some noncommissioned officers finding
+IvtRZSteDJI-01102-00258775-00258944 their way into the Nationalists officer
+IvtRZSteDJI-01103-00258946-00259230 corps that the Japanese in China came to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01104-00259231-00259440 regard Chiang as a magnanimous figure to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01105-00259441-00259632 whom many japanese owed their lives and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01106-00259633-00259844 livelihoods was a fact attested by both
+IvtRZSteDJI-01107-00259846-00260357 nationalist and communist sources
+IvtRZSteDJI-01108-00260358-00260558 EPIK conditions during the Chinese Civil
+IvtRZSteDJI-01109-00260559-00260907 War
+IvtRZSteDJI-01110-00260908-00261171 WestEd says the Communists won the Civil
+IvtRZSteDJI-01111-00261173-00261355 War because they made fewer military
+IvtRZSteDJI-01112-00261356-00261535 mistakes than Chiang kai-shek and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01113-00261536-00261691 because in his search for a powerful
+IvtRZSteDJI-01114-00261692-00261850 centralized government Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01115-00261851-00262071 antagonized too many interest groups in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01116-00262073-00262360 China furthermore his party was weakened
+IvtRZSteDJI-01117-00262361-00262606 in the war against Japan meanwhile the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01118-00262607-00262810 Communists told different groups such as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01119-00262811-00263014 peasants exactly what they wanted to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01120-00263015-00263194 hear and cloaked themselves in the cover
+IvtRZSteDJI-01121-00263195-00263422 of Chinese nationalism following the war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01122-00263423-00263647 the United States encouraged peace talks
+IvtRZSteDJI-01123-00263648-00263845 between Chiang and communist leader Mao
+IvtRZSteDJI-01124-00263846-00264118 Zedong in Chongqing due to concerns
+IvtRZSteDJI-01125-00264119-00264298 about widespread and well-documented
+IvtRZSteDJI-01126-00264299-00264493 corruption in Chiang's government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01127-00264494-00264682 throughout his rule the US government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01128-00264683-00264859 limited aid to Chiang for much of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01129-00264860-00265216 period of 1946 to 1948 in the midst of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01130-00265217-00265351 fighting against the People's Liberation
+IvtRZSteDJI-01131-00265352-00265654 Army led by Mao Zedong alleged
+IvtRZSteDJI-01132-00265655-00265867 infiltration of the US government by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01133-00265868-00266089 Chinese communist agents may have also
+IvtRZSteDJI-01134-00266090-00266254 played a role in the suspension of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01135-00266255-00266494 American aid Chang's right-hand man the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01136-00266495-00266701 secret police chief Dai Lee was both
+IvtRZSteDJI-01137-00266702-00266983 anti-american and anti-communist Dai
+IvtRZSteDJI-01138-00266984-00267193 ordered Kuomintang agents to spy on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01139-00267194-00267463 American officers earlier Dai had been
+IvtRZSteDJI-01140-00267464-00267676 involved with the blue shirts society a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01141-00267677-00267904 fascist inspired paramilitary group
+IvtRZSteDJI-01142-00267905-00268087 within the Kuomintang which wanted to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01143-00268088-00268309 expel Western and Japanese imperialists
+IvtRZSteDJI-01144-00268310-00268516 crush the Communists and eliminate
+IvtRZSteDJI-01145-00268517-00268786 feudalism Dai Lee died in a plane crash
+IvtRZSteDJI-01146-00268787-00268963 which was suspected to be an
+IvtRZSteDJI-01147-00268964-00269158 assassination orchestrated by Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01148-00269159-00269338 although Chiang had achieved status
+IvtRZSteDJI-01149-00269339-00269551 abroad as a world leader his government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01150-00269552-00269758 deteriorated as the result of corruption
+IvtRZSteDJI-01151-00269759-00270103 and inflation in his diary On June 1948
+IvtRZSteDJI-01152-00270104-00270361 Chiang wrote that the KMT had failed not
+IvtRZSteDJI-01153-00270362-00270565 because of external enemies but because
+IvtRZSteDJI-01154-00270566-00270826 of rot from within the war had severely
+IvtRZSteDJI-01155-00270827-00270994 weakened the Nationalists while the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01156-00270995-00271141 Communists were strengthened by their
+IvtRZSteDJI-01157-00271142-00271360 popular land reform policies and by a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01158-00271361-00271555 rural population that supported and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01159-00271556-00271624 trusted them
+IvtRZSteDJI-01160-00271625-00271837 the Nationalists initially had
+IvtRZSteDJI-01161-00271838-00272062 superiority in arms and men but their
+IvtRZSteDJI-01162-00272063-00272281 lack of popularity infiltration by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01163-00272282-00272476 communist agents low morale and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01164-00272477-00272659 disorganization soon allowed the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01165-00272660-00272836 Communists to gain the upper hand in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01166-00272837-00273149 Civil War
+IvtRZSteDJI-01167-00273150-00273700 topic competition with li zongren
+IvtRZSteDJI-01168-00273701-00273978 a new constitution was promulgated in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01169-00273979-00274210 1947 and Chiang was elected by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01170-00274211-00274393 National Assembly as the first term
+IvtRZSteDJI-01171-00274394-00274588 President of the Republic of China on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01172-00274589-00274913 the 20th of May 1948 this marked the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01173-00274914-00275055 beginning of what was termed the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01174-00275056-00275314 democratic constitutional government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01175-00275315-00275572 period by the KMT political orthodoxy
+IvtRZSteDJI-01176-00275573-00275824 but the Communists refused to recognize
+IvtRZSteDJI-01177-00275825-00276010 the new constitution and its government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01178-00276011-00276277 as legitimate Chiang resigned as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01179-00276278-00276622 president on the 21st of January 1949 as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01180-00276623-00276883 KMT forces suffered terrible losses and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01181-00276884-00277042 defections to the Communists
+IvtRZSteDJI-01182-00277043-00277267 after Chang's resignation the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01183-00277268-00277459 vice-president of the ROC li zongren
+IvtRZSteDJI-01184-00277460-00277813 became China's acting president shortly
+IvtRZSteDJI-01185-00277814-00277975 after Chiang's resignation the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01186-00277976-00278164 Communists halted their advances and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01187-00278165-00278338 attempted to negotiate the virtual
+IvtRZSteDJI-01188-00278339-00278602 surrender of the rock Li attempted to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01189-00278603-00278794 negotiate milder terms that would have
+IvtRZSteDJI-01190-00278795-00279000 ended the civil war but without success
+IvtRZSteDJI-01191-00279001-00279247 when it became clear that li was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01192-00279248-00279448 unlikely to accept Mao's terms the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01193-00279449-00279662 Communists issued an ultimatum in April
+IvtRZSteDJI-01194-00279663-00279892 1949 warning that they would resume
+IvtRZSteDJI-01195-00279893-00280054 their attacks if Lee did not agree
+IvtRZSteDJI-01196-00280055-00280351 within five days Lee refused Lee's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01197-00280352-00280564 attempts to carry out his policies faced
+IvtRZSteDJI-01198-00280565-00280747 varying degrees of opposition from
+IvtRZSteDJI-01199-00280748-00280917 chiang's supporters and were generally
+IvtRZSteDJI-01200-00280918-00281188 unsuccessful Chang especially
+IvtRZSteDJI-01201-00281189-00281413 antagonized Lee by taking possession of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01202-00281414-00281656 and moving to Taiwan 200 million dollars
+IvtRZSteDJI-01203-00281657-00281875 of gold and US Dollars belonging to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01204-00281876-00282062 central government that Lee desperately
+IvtRZSteDJI-01205-00282063-00282223 needed to cover the government's soaring
+IvtRZSteDJI-01206-00282224-00282508 expenses when the Communists captured
+IvtRZSteDJI-01207-00282509-00282712 the nationalist capital of Nanjing in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01208-00282713-00283018 April 1949 Lee refused to accompany the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01209-00283019-00283168 central government as it fled to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01210-00283169-00283357 Guangdong instead expressing his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01211-00283358-00283570 dissatisfaction with Chiang by retiring
+IvtRZSteDJI-01212-00283571-00283789 to Guang XI the former warlord yan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01213-00283790-00283996 xishan who had fled to nan Jiang only
+IvtRZSteDJI-01214-00283997-00284206 one month before quickly insinuated
+IvtRZSteDJI-01215-00284207-00284392 himself within the Li Chang rivalry
+IvtRZSteDJI-01216-00284393-00284545 attempting to have Lee and Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01217-00284546-00284707 reconciled their differences in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01218-00284708-00284941 effort to resist the Communists at
+IvtRZSteDJI-01219-00284942-00285196 Chang's request Yan visited Lee in order
+IvtRZSteDJI-01220-00285197-00285373 to convince Lee not to withdraw from
+IvtRZSteDJI-01221-00285374-00285649 public life yin broke down in tears
+IvtRZSteDJI-01222-00285650-00285820 while talking of the loss of his home
+IvtRZSteDJI-01223-00285821-00286033 province of Shanxi to the Communists and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01224-00286034-00286204 warned Lee that the nationalist cause
+IvtRZSteDJI-01225-00286205-00286407 was doomed unless Lee went to Guangdong
+IvtRZSteDJI-01226-00286408-00286681 Lee agreed to return under the condition
+IvtRZSteDJI-01227-00286682-00286864 that Chang surrender most of the gold in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01228-00286865-00287034 u.s. dollars in his possession
+IvtRZSteDJI-01229-00287035-00287157 that belonged to the central government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01230-00287158-00287373 and that Chiang stopped overriding Lee's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01231-00287374-00287652 authority after Yin communicated these
+IvtRZSteDJI-01232-00287653-00287856 demands and Chang agreed to comply with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01233-00287857-00288042 them Lee departed for Guangdong in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01234-00288043-00288255 Guangdong Lee attempted to create a new
+IvtRZSteDJI-01235-00288256-00288411 government composed of both Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01236-00288412-00288605 supporters and those opposed to Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01237-00288606-00288876 Lee's first choice of premier was to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01238-00288877-00289092 chain a veteran member of the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01239-00289093-00289272 who had been virtually driven into exile
+IvtRZSteDJI-01240-00289273-00289508 due to his strong opposition to Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01241-00289509-00289806 after the Legislative Yuan rejected Chu
+IvtRZSteDJI-01242-00289807-00290004 Li was obliged to choose yan xishan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01243-00290005-00290298 instead by this time Yin was well known
+IvtRZSteDJI-01244-00290299-00290511 for his adaptability and Chang welcomed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01245-00290512-00290706 his appointment conflict between Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01246-00290707-00290967 and Li persistent although he had agreed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01247-00290968-00291147 to do so as a prerequisite of Lee's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01248-00291148-00291354 return Chang refused to surrender more
+IvtRZSteDJI-01249-00291355-00291507 than a fraction of the wealth that he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01250-00291508-00291759 had sent to Taiwan without being backed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01251-00291760-00291978 by gold or foreign currency the money
+IvtRZSteDJI-01252-00291979-00292221 issued by Li and Yin quickly declined in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01253-00292222-00292392 value until it became virtually
+IvtRZSteDJI-01254-00292393-00292563 worthless although he did not hold a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01255-00292564-00292737 formal executive position in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01256-00292738-00292890 government chang continued to issue
+IvtRZSteDJI-01257-00292891-00293097 orders to the army and many officers
+IvtRZSteDJI-01258-00293098-00293298 continued to obey chang rather than li
+IvtRZSteDJI-01259-00293299-00293631 the inability of lead to coordinate kmt
+IvtRZSteDJI-01260-00293632-00293829 military forces led him to put into
+IvtRZSteDJI-01261-00293830-00294021 effect a plan of defense that he had
+IvtRZSteDJI-01262-00294022-00294345 contemplated in 1948 instead of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01263-00294346-00294522 attempting to defend all of southern
+IvtRZSteDJI-01264-00294523-00294702 China Lee ordered what remained of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01265-00294703-00294900 nationalist armies to withdraw to Guang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01266-00294901-00295089 XI and Guangdong hoping that he could
+IvtRZSteDJI-01267-00295090-00295293 concentrate all available defenses on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01268-00295294-00295470 this smaller and more easily defensible
+IvtRZSteDJI-01269-00295471-00295815 area the object of Lee's strategy was to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01270-00295816-00295977 maintain a foothold on the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01271-00295978-00296130 mainland in the hope that the United
+IvtRZSteDJI-01272-00296131-00296340 States would eventually be compelled to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01273-00296341-00296478 enter the war in China on the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01274-00296479-00296817 nationalist side
+IvtRZSteDJI-01275-00296818-00297374 topic final Communist advance
+IvtRZSteDJI-01276-00297375-00297602 Chiang opposed Lee's plan of defense
+IvtRZSteDJI-01277-00297603-00297773 because it would have placed most of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01278-00297774-00297959 troops still loyal to Chiang under the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01279-00297960-00298124 control of Lee and chiang's other
+IvtRZSteDJI-01280-00298125-00298327 opponents in the central government to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01281-00298328-00298571 overcome Chiang's intransigence Lee
+IvtRZSteDJI-01282-00298572-00298769 began asking Chiang's supporters within
+IvtRZSteDJI-01283-00298770-00298997 the central government yan xishan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01284-00298998-00299198 continued in his attempts to work with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01285-00299199-00299408 both sides creating the impression among
+IvtRZSteDJI-01286-00299409-00299666 Lee supporters that he was a stooge of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01287-00299667-00299900 Chiang while those who supported Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01288-00299901-00300086 began to bitterly resent Yin for his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01289-00300087-00300338 willingness to work with Lee because of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01290-00300339-00300554 the rivalry between Chang and Li Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01291-00300555-00300737 refused to allow nationalist troops
+IvtRZSteDJI-01292-00300738-00300938 loyal to him to aid in the defense of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01293-00300939-00301145 kwangji and canden with the result that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01294-00301146-00301355 communist forces occupied Canton in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01295-00301356-00301643 October 1949 after Canton fell to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01296-00301644-00301826 Communists Chiang relocated the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01297-00301827-00301970 government to Chungking while Lee
+IvtRZSteDJI-01298-00301971-00302156 effectively surrendered his powers and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01299-00302157-00302309 flew to New York for treatment of his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01300-00302310-00302528 chronic duodenum illness at the hospital
+IvtRZSteDJI-01301-00302529-00302816 of Columbia University Lee visited the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01302-00302817-00303017 president of the United States harry s
+IvtRZSteDJI-01303-00303018-00303242 truman and denounced chang as a dictator
+IvtRZSteDJI-01304-00303243-00303485 and a new sir / lee vowed that he would
+IvtRZSteDJI-01305-00303486-00303809 return to crush chang once he returned
+IvtRZSteDJI-01306-00303810-00304082 to china Lee remained in exile and did
+IvtRZSteDJI-01307-00304083-00304268 not return to Taiwan in the early
+IvtRZSteDJI-01308-00304269-00304493 morning of the 10th of December 1949
+IvtRZSteDJI-01309-00304494-00304748 communist troops laid siege to Chang to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01310-00304749-00305018 the last KMT controlled city in mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-01311-00305019-00305237 China where Chiang kai-shek and his son
+IvtRZSteDJI-01312-00305238-00305453 chiang chingkuo directed the defense at
+IvtRZSteDJI-01313-00305454-00305659 the Chengdu Central Military Academy
+IvtRZSteDJI-01314-00305660-00305972 Chiang kai-shek father and son sang the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01315-00305973-00306161 Republic of China's national anthem
+IvtRZSteDJI-01316-00306162-00306329 while leaving the Academy all the way to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01317-00306330-00306587 the airfield the aircraft melee
+IvtRZSteDJI-01318-00306588-00306832 evacuated them to Taiwan on the same day
+IvtRZSteDJI-01319-00306833-00307085 Chiang kai-shek would never return to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01320-00307086-00307385 the mainland Chiang did not reassume the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01321-00307386-00307667 presidency until the 1st of March 1950
+IvtRZSteDJI-01322-00307668-00308045 On January 1952 Chang commanded the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01323-00308046-00308276 control yuan now in Taiwan to impeach
+IvtRZSteDJI-01324-00308277-00308534 Lee in the case of li zongren s failure
+IvtRZSteDJI-01325-00308535-00308762 to carry out duties due to illegal
+IvtRZSteDJI-01326-00308763-00309224 conduct li zongren wife Oishi jian cheng
+IvtRZSteDJI-01327-00309225-00309386 really believed the position as vice
+IvtRZSteDJI-01328-00309387-00309590 president in the national assembly on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01329-00309591-00310168 march 1954
+IvtRZSteDJI-01330-00310169-00310515 taijuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01331-00310516-00310776 topic preparations to retake the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01332-00310777-00311086 mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-01333-00311087-00311333 Chiang moved the government to taipei
+IvtRZSteDJI-01334-00311334-00311558 taiwan where he resumed his duties as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01335-00311559-00311747 president of the republic of china on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01336-00311748-00312053 the 1st of march 1950 Chiang was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01337-00312054-00312263 reelected by the National Assembly to be
+IvtRZSteDJI-01338-00312264-00312440 the president of the Republic of China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01339-00312441-00312761 rock on the 20th of May 1954 and again
+IvtRZSteDJI-01340-00312762-00313292 in 1960 1966 in 1972 he continued to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01341-00313293-00313475 claim sovereignty over all of China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01342-00313476-00313682 including the territories held by his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01343-00313683-00313874 government and the People's Republic as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01344-00313875-00314081 well as territory the latter ceded to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01345-00314082-00314276 foreign governments such as Tuva and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01346-00314277-00314543 Outer Mongolia in the context of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01347-00314544-00314705 Cold War most of the Western world
+IvtRZSteDJI-01348-00314706-00314918 recognized this position and the ROC
+IvtRZSteDJI-01349-00314919-00315149 represented China in the United Nations
+IvtRZSteDJI-01350-00315150-00315278 and other international organizations
+IvtRZSteDJI-01351-00315279-00315725 until the 1970s during his presidency on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01352-00315726-00315884 Taiwan Chiang continued making
+IvtRZSteDJI-01353-00315885-00316073 preparations in order to take back
+IvtRZSteDJI-01354-00316074-00316364 mainland China he developed the ROC army
+IvtRZSteDJI-01355-00316365-00316562 in order to prepare for an invasion of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01356-00316563-00316760 the mainland and to defend Taiwan in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01357-00316761-00316925 case of an attack by the communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01358-00316926-00317252 forces he also financed armed groups in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01359-00317253-00317471 mainland China such as Muslim soldiers
+IvtRZSteDJI-01360-00317472-00317714 of the ROC army left in Yunnan under Li
+IvtRZSteDJI-01361-00317715-00317972 me who continued to fight it was not
+IvtRZSteDJI-01362-00317973-00318191 until the 1980s that these troops were
+IvtRZSteDJI-01363-00318192-00318473 finally airlifted to Taiwan he promoted
+IvtRZSteDJI-01364-00318474-00318671 the Weger you'll bars khan to governor
+IvtRZSteDJI-01365-00318672-00318866 during the Islamic insurgency on the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01366-00318867-00319058 mainland for resisting the Communists
+IvtRZSteDJI-01367-00319059-00319199 even though the government had already
+IvtRZSteDJI-01368-00319200-00319472 evacuated to Taiwan he planned an
+IvtRZSteDJI-01369-00319473-00319793 invasion of the mainland in 1962 in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01370-00319794-00320018 1950s Chiang's airplanes dropped
+IvtRZSteDJI-01371-00320019-00320252 supplies to Kuomintang muslim insurgents
+IvtRZSteDJI-01372-00320253-00320554 in Amdo
+IvtRZSteDJI-01373-00320555-00321007 topic regime
+IvtRZSteDJI-01374-00321008-00321277 despite the democratic Constitution the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01375-00321278-00321472 government under Chiang was a one-party
+IvtRZSteDJI-01376-00321473-00321679 state consisting almost completely of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01377-00321680-00321895 mainlanders though temporary provisions
+IvtRZSteDJI-01378-00321896-00322153 effective during the period of communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01379-00322154-00322426 rebellion greatly enhanced executive
+IvtRZSteDJI-01380-00322427-00322645 powers and the goal of retaking mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-01381-00322646-00322858 China allowed the KMT to maintain a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01382-00322859-00323080 monopoly on power and the prohibition of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01383-00323081-00323332 opposition parties the government's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01384-00323333-00323503 official line for these martial law
+IvtRZSteDJI-01385-00323504-00323662 provisions stemmed from the claim that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01386-00323663-00323866 emergency provisions were necessary
+IvtRZSteDJI-01387-00323867-00324115 since the Communists and KMT were still
+IvtRZSteDJI-01388-00324116-00324352 in a state of war seeking to promote
+IvtRZSteDJI-01389-00324353-00324595 Chinese nationalism Chiang's government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01390-00324596-00324796 actively ignored and suppressed local
+IvtRZSteDJI-01391-00324797-00324997 cultural expression even forbidding the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01392-00324998-00325192 use of local languages in mass media
+IvtRZSteDJI-01393-00325193-00325528 broadcasts or during class sessions the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01394-00325529-00325732 first decades after the Nationalists
+IvtRZSteDJI-01395-00325733-00325876 moved the seat of government to the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01396-00325877-00326074 province of Taiwan are associated with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01397-00326075-00326302 the organized effort to resist communism
+IvtRZSteDJI-01398-00326303-00326569 known as the white terror during which
+IvtRZSteDJI-01399-00326570-00326848 about 140,000 Taiwanese were imprisoned
+IvtRZSteDJI-01400-00326849-00327043 for their real or perceived opposition
+IvtRZSteDJI-01401-00327044-00327262 to the Kuomintang most of those
+IvtRZSteDJI-01402-00327263-00327418 prosecuted were labeled by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01403-00327419-00327742 Kuomintang as bandits spies fade da
+IvtRZSteDJI-01404-00327743-00327979 meaning spies for Chinese Communists and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01405-00327980-00328279 punished as such under Chiang the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01406-00328280-00328492 government recognized limited civil and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01407-00328493-00328681 economic freedoms property rights
+IvtRZSteDJI-01408-00328682-00328855 personal and intellectual and other
+IvtRZSteDJI-01409-00328856-00329125 liberties despite these restrictions
+IvtRZSteDJI-01410-00329126-00329323 free debate within the confines of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01411-00329324-00329566 legislature was permitted under the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01412-00329567-00329764 pretext that new elections could not be
+IvtRZSteDJI-01413-00329765-00329914 held in communist occupied
+IvtRZSteDJI-01414-00329915-00330133 constituencies the National Assembly
+IvtRZSteDJI-01415-00330134-00330352 Legislative Yuan and Control yuan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01416-00330353-00330541 members held their posts indefinitely
+IvtRZSteDJI-01417-00330542-00330811 the temporary provisions also allowed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01418-00330812-00331006 Chiang to remain as president beyond the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01419-00331007-00331276 two-term limit in the Constitution he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01420-00331277-00331477 was reelected by the National Assembly
+IvtRZSteDJI-01421-00331478-00331824 as president four times doing so in 1954
+IvtRZSteDJI-01422-00331825-00332371 1960 1966 and 1972 believing that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01423-00332372-00332581 corruption and a lack of morals were key
+IvtRZSteDJI-01424-00332582-00332839 reasons that the KMT lost mainland China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01425-00332840-00333037 to the Communists Chiang attempted to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01426-00333038-00333223 purge corruption by dismissing members
+IvtRZSteDJI-01427-00333224-00333535 of the KMT accused of graft some major
+IvtRZSteDJI-01428-00333536-00333760 figures in the previous mainland Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01429-00333761-00334027 government such as HH Chun and T V sung
+IvtRZSteDJI-01430-00334028-00334313 exiled themselves to the United States
+IvtRZSteDJI-01431-00334314-00334538 although politically authoritarian and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01432-00334539-00334703 to some extent dominated by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01433-00334704-00334904 government-owned industries Chiang's new
+IvtRZSteDJI-01434-00334905-00335138 taiwanese state also encouraged economic
+IvtRZSteDJI-01435-00335139-00335339 development especially in the export
+IvtRZSteDJI-01436-00335340-00335636 sector a popular sweeping land reform
+IvtRZSteDJI-01437-00335637-00335834 act as well as American foreign aid
+IvtRZSteDJI-01438-00335835-00336080 during the 1950's laid the foundation
+IvtRZSteDJI-01439-00336081-00336305 for Taiwan's economic success becoming
+IvtRZSteDJI-01440-00336306-00336575 one of the Four Asian Tigers after
+IvtRZSteDJI-01441-00336576-00336821 Chang's death the next president Chang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01442-00336822-00337103 son chiang chingkuo and chiang chingkuo
+IvtRZSteDJI-01443-00337104-00337307 successor lee Tang Wei and native
+IvtRZSteDJI-01444-00337308-00337565 Taiwanese would in the 1980s and 1990s
+IvtRZSteDJI-01445-00337566-00337751 increased native Taiwanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01446-00337752-00337931 representation in the government and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01447-00337932-00338123 loosened the many authoritarian controls
+IvtRZSteDJI-01448-00338124-00338309 of the early era of roc control in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01449-00338310-00338602 Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01450-00338603-00339139 topic relationship with Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01451-00339140-00339496 in 1971 the Australian opposition leader
+IvtRZSteDJI-01452-00339497-00339664 Gough Whitlam who became prime minister
+IvtRZSteDJI-01453-00339665-00339991 in 1972 and swiftly relocated the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01454-00339992-00340165 Australian mission from Taipei to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01455-00340166-00340468 Beijing visited Japan after meeting with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01456-00340469-00340710 the Japanese Prime Minister a Saku Sato
+IvtRZSteDJI-01457-00340711-00340929 Whitlam observed that the reason Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01458-00340930-00341103 at that time was hesitant to withdraw
+IvtRZSteDJI-01459-00341104-00341259 recognition from the Nationalist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01460-00341260-00341488 government was the presence of a treaty
+IvtRZSteDJI-01461-00341489-00341703 between the Japanese government and that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01462-00341704-00341889 of Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-01463-00341890-00342139 Sato explained that the continued
+IvtRZSteDJI-01464-00342140-00342313 recognition of Japan towards the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01465-00342314-00342483 Nationalist government was due largely
+IvtRZSteDJI-01466-00342484-00342657 to the personal relationship that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01467-00342658-00342804 various members of the Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01468-00342805-00343075 government felt towards Chiang this
+IvtRZSteDJI-01469-00343076-00343276 relationship was rooted largely in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01470-00343277-00343450 generous and lenient treatment of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01471-00343451-00343624 Japanese prisoners of war by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01472-00343625-00343795 Nationalist government in the years
+IvtRZSteDJI-01473-00343796-00343966 immediately following the Japanese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01474-00343967-00344202 surrender in 1945 and was felt
+IvtRZSteDJI-01475-00344203-00344389 especially strongly as a bond of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01476-00344390-00344601 personal obligation by the most senior
+IvtRZSteDJI-01477-00344602-00344776 members then in power although Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01478-00344777-00345124 recognized the People's Republic in 1972
+IvtRZSteDJI-01479-00345125-00345349 shortly after Cucuy Tanaka succeeded
+IvtRZSteDJI-01480-00345350-00345571 Sato as Prime Minister of Japan the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01481-00345572-00345756 memory of this relationship was strong
+IvtRZSteDJI-01482-00345757-00345901 enough to be reported by the New York
+IvtRZSteDJI-01483-00345902-00346213 Times the 15th of April 1978 as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01484-00346214-00346401 significant factor inhibiting trade
+IvtRZSteDJI-01485-00346402-00346672 between Japan and the mainland there is
+IvtRZSteDJI-01486-00346673-00346809 speculation that a clash between
+IvtRZSteDJI-01487-00346810-00347079 communist forces in a Japanese warship
+IvtRZSteDJI-01488-00347080-00347362 in 1978 was caused by Chinese anger
+IvtRZSteDJI-01489-00347363-00347572 after prime minister Takeo Fukuda
+IvtRZSteDJI-01490-00347573-00347842 attended Chiang's funeral historically
+IvtRZSteDJI-01491-00347843-00348051 Japanese attempts to normalize their
+IvtRZSteDJI-01492-00348052-00348196 relationship with the People's Republic
+IvtRZSteDJI-01493-00348197-00348412 were met with accusations of ingratitude
+IvtRZSteDJI-01494-00348413-00348750 in Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01495-00348751-00349017 topic relationship with the United
+IvtRZSteDJI-01496-00349018-00349359 States
+IvtRZSteDJI-01497-00349360-00349575 Chang was suspicious that covert
+IvtRZSteDJI-01498-00349576-00349788 operatives of the United States plotted
+IvtRZSteDJI-01499-00349789-00350088 a coup against him in 1950 chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01500-00350089-00350307 chingkuo became director of the secret
+IvtRZSteDJI-01501-00350308-00350496 police bureau of investigation and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01502-00350497-00350792 statistics which he remained until 1965
+IvtRZSteDJI-01503-00350793-00351105 chang was also suspicious of politicians
+IvtRZSteDJI-01504-00351106-00351255 who were overly friendly to the United
+IvtRZSteDJI-01505-00351256-00351468 States and considered them his enemies
+IvtRZSteDJI-01506-00351469-00351855 in 1953 seven days after surviving an
+IvtRZSteDJI-01507-00351856-00352092 assassination attempt Wu qo Chen lost
+IvtRZSteDJI-01508-00352093-00352275 his position as governor of Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01509-00352276-00352551 province to chiang chingkuo after
+IvtRZSteDJI-01510-00352552-00352761 fleeing to united states the same year
+IvtRZSteDJI-01511-00352762-00352950 he became a vocal critic of Chang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01512-00352951-00353163 family and government chiang chingkuo
+IvtRZSteDJI-01513-00353164-00353430 educated in the soviet union initiated
+IvtRZSteDJI-01514-00353431-00353664 soviet-style military organization in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01515-00353665-00353919 the republic of china military he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01516-00353920-00354108 reorganized and Soviet eyes the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01517-00354109-00354321 political officer corps and propagated
+IvtRZSteDJI-01518-00354322-00354501 Kuomintang ideology throughout the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01519-00354502-00354843 military Sun Li gen who was educated at
+IvtRZSteDJI-01520-00354844-00355014 the American Virginia Military Institute
+IvtRZSteDJI-01521-00355015-00355275 was opposed to this chiang chingkuo
+IvtRZSteDJI-01522-00355276-00355431 orchestrated the controversial
+IvtRZSteDJI-01523-00355432-00355668 court-martial and arrest of general Sun
+IvtRZSteDJI-01524-00355669-00355956 Li gen in August 1955 for plotting a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01525-00355957-00356154 coup d'etat with the American Central
+IvtRZSteDJI-01526-00356155-00356415 Intelligence Agency CIA against his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01527-00356416-00356622 father Chiang kai-shek in the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01528-00356623-00356925 the CIA allegedly wanted to help son
+IvtRZSteDJI-01529-00356926-00357126 take control of Taiwan and declare its
+IvtRZSteDJI-01530-00357127-00357476 independence
+IvtRZSteDJI-01531-00357477-00357928 topic death
+IvtRZSteDJI-01532-00357929-00358318 in 1975 26 years after Chang came to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01533-00358319-00358384 Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01534-00358385-00358687 he died in Taipei at the age of 87 he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01535-00358688-00358861 had suffered a heart attack in pneumonia
+IvtRZSteDJI-01536-00358862-00359047 in the foregoing months and died from
+IvtRZSteDJI-01537-00359048-00359266 renal failure aggravated with advanced
+IvtRZSteDJI-01538-00359267-00359596 cardiac malfunction on April 5th a month
+IvtRZSteDJI-01539-00359597-00359848 of mourning was declared Chinese music
+IvtRZSteDJI-01540-00359849-00360064 composer Wong route I wrote the Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01541-00360065-00360379 kai-shek memorial song in mainland China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01542-00360380-00360448 however
+IvtRZSteDJI-01543-00360449-00360610 chiang's death was met with little
+IvtRZSteDJI-01544-00360611-00360796 apparent mourning and communist state
+IvtRZSteDJI-01545-00360797-00360994 run newspapers gave the brief headline
+IvtRZSteDJI-01546-00360995-00361351 Chiang kai-shek has died chiang's body
+IvtRZSteDJI-01547-00361352-00361528 was put in a copper coffin and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01548-00361529-00361684 temporarily interred at his favorite
+IvtRZSteDJI-01549-00361685-00362071 residence in CI hu da Shi Tao yuan when
+IvtRZSteDJI-01550-00362072-00362359 his son chiang chingkuo died in 1988 he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01551-00362360-00362548 was entombed in a separate mausoleum in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01552-00362549-00362824 nearby Tullio - the hope was to have
+IvtRZSteDJI-01553-00362825-00363007 both buried at their birthplace in Fung
+IvtRZSteDJI-01554-00363008-00363346 Wah and when it was possible in 2004
+IvtRZSteDJI-01555-00363347-00363565 Chang Feng Liang the widow of chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01556-00363566-00363793 chingkuo asked that both father and son
+IvtRZSteDJI-01557-00363794-00364003 be buried at was he mountain military
+IvtRZSteDJI-01558-00364004-00364273 cemetery in Xizhi taipei county now new
+IvtRZSteDJI-01559-00364274-00364558 taipei city Chiang's ultimate funeral
+IvtRZSteDJI-01560-00364559-00364744 ceremony became a political battle
+IvtRZSteDJI-01561-00364745-00364930 between the wishes of the state and the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01562-00364931-00365242 wishes of his family Cheng was succeeded
+IvtRZSteDJI-01563-00365243-00365458 as president by vice president Yin Chia
+IvtRZSteDJI-01564-00365459-00365686 Khan and his Kuomintang party ruler by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01565-00365687-00365911 his son chiang chingkuo who retired
+IvtRZSteDJI-01566-00365912-00366055 chiang kai-shek's title of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01567-00366056-00366259 director-general and instead assumed the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01568-00366260-00366535 position of chairman yen's presidency
+IvtRZSteDJI-01569-00366536-00366760 was interim chiang chingkuo who is the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01570-00366761-00366952 premier became president after yen's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01571-00366953-00367396 term ended three years later
+IvtRZSteDJI-01572-00367397-00367974 topic cult of personality
+IvtRZSteDJI-01573-00367975-00368208 chiang's portrait hung over Tiananmen
+IvtRZSteDJI-01574-00368209-00368400 Square before mouths portrait was set up
+IvtRZSteDJI-01575-00368401-00368712 in its place people also put portraits
+IvtRZSteDJI-01576-00368713-00368904 of Chang in their homes and in public on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01577-00368905-00369114 the streets Chang was popular among many
+IvtRZSteDJI-01578-00369115-00369282 people and dressed in plain simple
+IvtRZSteDJI-01579-00369283-00369501 clothes unlike contemporary Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01580-00369502-00369681 warlords who dressed extravagantly
+IvtRZSteDJI-01581-00369682-00369870 quotes from the Quran and hadith were
+IvtRZSteDJI-01582-00369871-00370053 used by Muslims in the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01583-00370054-00370293 controlled Muslim publication the UA hua
+IvtRZSteDJI-01584-00370294-00370533 to justify Chiang kai-shek's rule over
+IvtRZSteDJI-01585-00370534-00370719 China when the Muslim general and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01586-00370720-00370941 warlord Mullen was interviewed ma Lin
+IvtRZSteDJI-01587-00370942-00371205 was described as having high admiration
+IvtRZSteDJI-01588-00371206-00371427 for an unwavering loyalty to Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01589-00371428-00371724 kai-shek in the Philippines a school was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01590-00371725-00372093 named in his honor in 1939 today Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01591-00372094-00372273 kai-shek college is the largest
+IvtRZSteDJI-01592-00372274-00372477 educational institution for the Chinoy
+IvtRZSteDJI-01593-00372478-00372967 community in the country
+IvtRZSteDJI-01594-00372968-00373424 topic philosophy
+IvtRZSteDJI-01595-00373425-00373685 the Kuomintang used traditional Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01596-00373686-00373877 religious ceremonies and promoted
+IvtRZSteDJI-01597-00373878-00374171 martyrdom in Chinese culture Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01598-00374172-00374375 ideology promoted the view that the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01599-00374376-00374567 souls of party martyrs who died fighting
+IvtRZSteDJI-01600-00374568-00374774 for the Kuomintang the revolution and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01601-00374775-00374984 the party founder dr. Sun yat-sen were
+IvtRZSteDJI-01602-00374985-00375257 sent to heaven Chiang kai-shek believed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01603-00375258-00375425 that these martyrs witnessed events on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01604-00375426-00375581 earth from heaven when the northern
+IvtRZSteDJI-01605-00375582-00375776 expedition was complete Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01606-00375777-00375989 generals led by Chiang kai-shek paid
+IvtRZSteDJI-01607-00375990-00376205 tribute to dr. Suns soul in heaven with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01608-00376206-00376418 a sacrificial ceremony at the xiang shan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01609-00376419-00376796 temple in Beijing in July 1928 among the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01610-00376797-00376979 Kuomintang generals present were the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01611-00376980-00377177 Muslim generals by Chiang she and ma
+IvtRZSteDJI-01612-00377178-00377423 Fujian Chiang kai-shek considered both
+IvtRZSteDJI-01613-00377424-00377621 the Han Chinese and all the minority
+IvtRZSteDJI-01614-00377622-00377843 peoples of China the five races under
+IvtRZSteDJI-01615-00377844-00378023 one union as descendants of Yellow
+IvtRZSteDJI-01616-00378024-00378188 Emperor the Yellow Emperor and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01617-00378189-00378371 semi-mythical founder of the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01618-00378372-00378548 nation and belonging to the Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01619-00378549-00378728 nation Zhang hua min Zhu and he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01620-00378729-00378962 introduced this into Kuomintang ideology
+IvtRZSteDJI-01621-00378963-00379109 which was propagated into the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01622-00379110-00379298 educational system of the Republic of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01623-00379299-00379630 China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01624-00379631-00380259 topic contemporary public perception
+IvtRZSteDJI-01625-00380260-00380502 she eggs legacy has been the target of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01626-00380503-00380685 heated debates because of the different
+IvtRZSteDJI-01627-00380686-00380965 views held about him for some Chang was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01628-00380966-00381172 a national hero who led the victorious
+IvtRZSteDJI-01629-00381173-00381370 northern expedition against the Beiyang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01630-00381371-00381654 warlords in 1927 achieving Chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01631-00381655-00381852 unification and who subsequently led
+IvtRZSteDJI-01632-00381853-00382072 China to ultimate victory against Japan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01633-00382073-00382417 in 1945 some blamed him for not doing
+IvtRZSteDJI-01634-00382418-00382602 enough against the Japanese forces in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01635-00382603-00382800 the lead-up to and during the second
+IvtRZSteDJI-01636-00382801-00383022 sino-japanese war preferring to withhold
+IvtRZSteDJI-01637-00383023-00383178 his armies for the fight against the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01638-00383179-00383371 communists or merely waiting and hoping
+IvtRZSteDJI-01639-00383372-00383529 that the United States would get
+IvtRZSteDJI-01640-00383530-00383818 involved some also see him as a champion
+IvtRZSteDJI-01641-00383819-00384040 of anti-communism being a key figure
+IvtRZSteDJI-01642-00384041-00384204 during the formative years of the world
+IvtRZSteDJI-01643-00384205-00384466 anti-communist League during the Cold
+IvtRZSteDJI-01644-00384467-00384660 War he was also seen as the leader who
+IvtRZSteDJI-01645-00384661-00384876 led free China and the bulwark against a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01646-00384877-00385141 possible communist invasion however
+IvtRZSteDJI-01647-00385142-00385383 Chiang presided over purges political
+IvtRZSteDJI-01648-00385384-00385492 authoritarianism
+IvtRZSteDJI-01649-00385493-00385683 and graft during his tenure in mainland
+IvtRZSteDJI-01650-00385684-00385875 China and ruled throughout a period of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01651-00385876-00386014 imposed martial law
+IvtRZSteDJI-01652-00386015-00386221 his governments were accused of being
+IvtRZSteDJI-01653-00386222-00386430 corrupt even before he even took power
+IvtRZSteDJI-01654-00386431-00386760 in 1928 he also allied with known
+IvtRZSteDJI-01655-00386761-00386922 criminals like do you Shang for
+IvtRZSteDJI-01656-00386923-00387193 political and financial gains some
+IvtRZSteDJI-01657-00387194-00387378 opponents charge that Chiang's efforts
+IvtRZSteDJI-01658-00387379-00387595 in developing Taiwan were mostly to make
+IvtRZSteDJI-01659-00387596-00387780 the island a strong base from which to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01660-00387781-00387981 one day return to mainland China and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01661-00387982-00388152 that Chiang had little regard for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01662-00388153-00388342 long term prosperity and well-being of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01663-00388343-00388635 the Taiwanese people today Chang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01664-00388636-00388875 popularity in Taiwan has divided along
+IvtRZSteDJI-01665-00388876-00389116 political lines enjoying greater support
+IvtRZSteDJI-01666-00389117-00389457 among Kuomintang KMT supporters he is
+IvtRZSteDJI-01667-00389458-00389676 generally unpopular among Democratic
+IvtRZSteDJI-01668-00389677-00389904 Progressive Party DPP voters and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01669-00389905-00390043 supporters who blame him for the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01670-00390044-00390201 thousands killed during the February
+IvtRZSteDJI-01671-00390202-00390405 28th incident and criticized his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01672-00390406-00390684 subsequent dictatorial rule in sharp
+IvtRZSteDJI-01673-00390685-00390919 contrast to his son chiang chingkuo and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01674-00390920-00391165 to sun yat-sen his memory is rarely
+IvtRZSteDJI-01675-00391166-00391345 invoked by current political parties
+IvtRZSteDJI-01676-00391346-00391659 including the Kuomintang in contrast his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01677-00391660-00391833 image has been rehabilitated in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01678-00391834-00392103 contemporary mainland China until
+IvtRZSteDJI-01679-00392104-00392272 recently portrayed as a villain who
+IvtRZSteDJI-01680-00392273-00392559 fought against the liberation of China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01681-00392560-00392821 by the communists since the 2000s he has
+IvtRZSteDJI-01682-00392822-00393024 been portrayed by the media in a neutral
+IvtRZSteDJI-01683-00393025-00393228 or slightly positive light as a chinese
+IvtRZSteDJI-01684-00393229-00393402 nationalist who tried to bring about
+IvtRZSteDJI-01685-00393403-00393591 national unification and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01686-00393592-00393771 did the Japanese invasion during World
+IvtRZSteDJI-01687-00393772-00393981 War two this shift is largely in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01688-00393982-00394191 response to current political landscape
+IvtRZSteDJI-01689-00394192-00394386 of Taiwan in relation to Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01690-00394387-00394596 commitment to a unified China and his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01691-00394597-00394770 stance against Taiwanese separatism
+IvtRZSteDJI-01692-00394771-00394971 during his rule of the island along with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01693-00394972-00395163 the recent date on between the Communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01694-00395164-00395528 Party of China CPC and Chiang's KMT in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01695-00395529-00395790 contrast to efforts to remove his public
+IvtRZSteDJI-01696-00395791-00396009 monuments in Taiwan his ancestral home
+IvtRZSteDJI-01697-00396010-00396111 in Fung Wah
+IvtRZSteDJI-01698-00396112-00396291 zhang on the mainland has become a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01699-00396292-00396501 commemorative museum and major tourist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01700-00396502-00396690 attraction in the United States in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01701-00396691-00396849 Europe Chang was often perceived
+IvtRZSteDJI-01702-00396850-00397065 negatively as the one who lost China to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01703-00397066-00397344 the Communists his constant demands for
+IvtRZSteDJI-01704-00397345-00397536 Western support and funding also earned
+IvtRZSteDJI-01705-00397537-00397620 him the nickname of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01706-00397621-00397947 general cash might check in the West he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01707-00397948-00398106 has been criticized for his poor
+IvtRZSteDJI-01708-00398107-00398376 military skills he had a record of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01709-00398377-00398550 issuing unrealistic orders and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01710-00398551-00398697 persistently attempting to fight
+IvtRZSteDJI-01711-00398698-00398886 unwinnable battles leading to the loss
+IvtRZSteDJI-01712-00398887-00399111 of his best troops in recent years there
+IvtRZSteDJI-01713-00399112-00399261 has been an attempt to find a more
+IvtRZSteDJI-01714-00399262-00399525 moderate interpretation of Chang Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01715-00399526-00399738 is now increasingly perceived as a man
+IvtRZSteDJI-01716-00399739-00399930 simply overwhelmed by the events in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01717-00399931-00400143 China having to fight simultaneously
+IvtRZSteDJI-01718-00400144-00400350 communists Japanese and provincial
+IvtRZSteDJI-01719-00400351-00400572 warlords while having to reconstruct and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01720-00400573-00400863 unify the country his sincere albeit
+IvtRZSteDJI-01721-00400864-00401067 often unsuccessful attempts to build a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01722-00401068-00401241 more powerful nation have been noted by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01723-00401242-00401472 scholars such as Jonathan Fenby and Ron
+IvtRZSteDJI-01724-00401473-00401514 emitter
+IvtRZSteDJI-01725-00401515-00401760 mitr has observed that ironically
+IvtRZSteDJI-01726-00401761-00401967 today's China is closer to Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01727-00401968-00402252 vision than to Mao Zedong's he argues
+IvtRZSteDJI-01728-00402253-00402504 that the Communists since the 1980s have
+IvtRZSteDJI-01729-00402505-00402699 essentially created the state envisioned
+IvtRZSteDJI-01730-00402700-00402867 by Chang in the 1930s
+IvtRZSteDJI-01731-00402868-00403179 Mitter concludes by writing that one can
+IvtRZSteDJI-01732-00403180-00403371 imagine Chiang kai-shek's ghost
+IvtRZSteDJI-01733-00403372-00403593 wandering round China today nodding in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01734-00403594-00403791 approval while Mao's ghost follows
+IvtRZSteDJI-01735-00403792-00404001 behind him moaning at the destruction of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01736-00404002-00404322 his vision liang shiming opined that
+IvtRZSteDJI-01737-00404323-00404601 Chiang kai-shek's greatest contribution
+IvtRZSteDJI-01738-00404602-00404919 was to make the CCP successful if he had
+IvtRZSteDJI-01739-00404920-00405114 been a bit more trustworthy if his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01740-00405115-00405276 character was somewhat better
+IvtRZSteDJI-01741-00405277-00405516 the CCP would have been unable to beat
+IvtRZSteDJI-01742-00405517-00405822 him Formosa betrayed one of the few
+IvtRZSteDJI-01743-00405823-00406032 American movies concerning the process
+IvtRZSteDJI-01744-00406033-00406251 of democratization in Taiwan depicts
+IvtRZSteDJI-01745-00406252-00406446 Chiang kai-shek as a brutal dictator
+IvtRZSteDJI-01746-00406447-00406641 responsible for the execution of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01747-00406642-00406836 thousands of native Taiwanese during the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01748-00406837-00406980 days following the February
+IvtRZSteDJI-01749-00406981-00407370 twenty-eight incident
+IvtRZSteDJI-01750-00407371-00407873 topic family
+IvtRZSteDJI-01751-00407874-00408346 topic wives
+IvtRZSteDJI-01752-00408347-00408558 in an arranged marriage Chang was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01753-00408559-00408721 married to a fellow villager named
+IvtRZSteDJI-01754-00408722-00409006 Malcolm a while married to Mao Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01755-00409007-00409249 adopted two concubines concubinage was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01756-00409250-00409444 still a common practice for well-to-do
+IvtRZSteDJI-01757-00409445-00409680 non-christian males in China he married
+IvtRZSteDJI-01758-00409681-00410055 Yao Yi Chang Yao Yi Shang 1889 to 1972
+IvtRZSteDJI-01759-00410056-00410403 in 1912 in Cheng Zhi aru Shan GA rue
+IvtRZSteDJI-01760-00410404-00410932 1906 to 1971 in December 1921 while he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01761-00410933-00411132 was still living in Shanghai Chang and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01762-00411133-00411343 Yao adopted a son way cool
+IvtRZSteDJI-01763-00411343-00411688 Chen adopted a daughter in 1924 named
+IvtRZSteDJI-01764-00411689-00411909 Yale Wang Yao Guang who later adopted
+IvtRZSteDJI-01765-00411910-00412103 her mother's surname Chen's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01766-00412104-00412342 autobiography refuted the idea that she
+IvtRZSteDJI-01767-00412343-00412576 was a concubine Chen claiming that by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01768-00412577-00412780 the time she married Jane he had already
+IvtRZSteDJI-01769-00412781-00412987 divorced Yao and that Chen was there for
+IvtRZSteDJI-01770-00412988-00413253 his wife Chang and Mao had a son
+IvtRZSteDJI-01771-00413254-00413584 chingkuo according to the memoirs of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01772-00413585-00413803 Cheng Zhi aru chiang's second wife she
+IvtRZSteDJI-01773-00413804-00414009 contracted gonorrhea from Chang soon
+IvtRZSteDJI-01774-00414010-00414241 after their marriage he told her that he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01775-00414242-00414453 acquired this disease after separating
+IvtRZSteDJI-01776-00414454-00414622 from his first wife and living with his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01777-00414622-00414838 concubine Yao Yi Chang as well as with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01778-00414839-00415089 many other women he consorted with his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01779-00415091-00415284 doctor explained to her that Chang had
+IvtRZSteDJI-01780-00415285-00415443 sex with her before completing his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01781-00415445-00415695 treatment for the disease as a result
+IvtRZSteDJI-01782-00415696-00415957 both Chang and Ching Jeju believed they
+IvtRZSteDJI-01783-00415958-00416137 had become sterile which would explain
+IvtRZSteDJI-01784-00416138-00416349 why he had only one child by his first
+IvtRZSteDJI-01785-00416350-00416599 wife however a purported miscarriage by
+IvtRZSteDJI-01786-00416600-00416893 Tsung mailing in August 1928 would if it
+IvtRZSteDJI-01787-00416893-00417105 actually occurred cast serious doubt on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01788-00417106-00417495 whether this was true
+IvtRZSteDJI-01789-00417496-00417997 topic family tree
+IvtRZSteDJI-01790-00417997-00418257 the Zico Chico Chang's were descended
+IvtRZSteDJI-01791-00418258-00418492 from qianxi che-hoo during the 1600s
+IvtRZSteDJI-01792-00418493-00418747 17th century moved there from Fung Wah
+IvtRZSteDJI-01793-00418747-00418984 district whose ancestors in turn came to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01794-00418985-00419170 south eastern China's Jaejoong check
+IvtRZSteDJI-01795-00419171-00419332 yang province after moving out of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01796-00419333-00419574 northern China in the 13th century AD
+IvtRZSteDJI-01797-00419575-00419922 the 12th century BC Duke of Jose Duke of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01798-00419923-00420127 Chau third son was the ancestors of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01799-00420128-00420328 Chang's his great-grandfather was Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01800-00420329-00420535 Chu Zhang John kissing Zhang shizhong
+IvtRZSteDJI-01801-00420535-00420808 his grandfather was Chang CG and Jung CG
+IvtRZSteDJI-01802-00420809-00421003 and his uncle was chiang dao high
+IvtRZSteDJI-01803-00421004-00421218 Gyeongju high and his father was Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01804-00421220-00421543 Chong Zhang's a Aki
+IvtRZSteDJI-01805-00421543-00421739 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-01806-00421741-00421953 jeong-ja the topic religion and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01807-00421954-00422516 relationships with religious communities
+IvtRZSteDJI-01808-00422517-00422762 Chiang personally dealt extensively with
+IvtRZSteDJI-01809-00422763-00422958 religions and power figures in China
+IvtRZSteDJI-01810-00422959-00423384 during his regime
+IvtRZSteDJI-01811-00423385-00423681 topic religious views
+IvtRZSteDJI-01812-00423682-00423864 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-01813-00423864-00424118 Chiang kai-shek was born and raised as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01814-00424119-00424341 Buddhist but became a Methodist upon his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01815-00424342-00424512 marriage to his fourth wife sung
+IvtRZSteDJI-01816-00424513-00424974 mei-ling due to pressure from her mother
+IvtRZSteDJI-01817-00424975-00425552 topic relationship with Muslims
+IvtRZSteDJI-01818-00425553-00425787 Chang developed relationships with other
+IvtRZSteDJI-01819-00425788-00426054 generals Chang became a sworn brother of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01820-00426055-00426281 the chinese muslim general ma foo Xiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01821-00426282-00426443 and appointed him to high-ranking
+IvtRZSteDJI-01822-00426444-00426704 positions Chang addressed ma fouché
+IvtRZSteDJI-01823-00426705-00426914 young son ma Hungary as Xiao Han
+IvtRZSteDJI-01824-00426915-00427145 shizhong ma Phuong attended national
+IvtRZSteDJI-01825-00427146-00427337 leadership conferences with Chang during
+IvtRZSteDJI-01826-00427338-00427629 battles against Japan Mahan Kui was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01827-00427630-00427820 eventually scapegoated for the failure
+IvtRZSteDJI-01828-00427821-00427983 of the ninja campaign against the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01829-00427984-00428220 communists so he moved to the US instead
+IvtRZSteDJI-01830-00428221-00428585 of remaining in Taiwan with Chang wen
+IvtRZSteDJI-01831-00428586-00428787 Chang became president of China after
+IvtRZSteDJI-01832-00428788-00428981 the northern expedition he carved out
+IvtRZSteDJI-01833-00428982-00429218 ninja and Qinghai out of Gansu Province
+IvtRZSteDJI-01834-00429219-00429402 and appointed Muslim generals as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01835-00429403-00429570 military governors of all three
+IvtRZSteDJI-01836-00429571-00429879 provinces Mahan Kui Mahon Ben and machi
+IvtRZSteDJI-01837-00429880-00430175 the three Muslim governors known as a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01838-00430176-00430422 base an MA lit the three Moss of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01839-00430422-00430677 northwest controlled armies composed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01840-00430678-00430958 entirely of muslims chang called on the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01841-00430959-00431150 three and their subordinates to wage war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01842-00431151-00431364 against the Soviet people's Tibetans
+IvtRZSteDJI-01843-00431364-00431649 communists and the Japanese Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01844-00431650-00431814 continued to appoint Muslims as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01845-00431814-00431943 governors of the three provinces
+IvtRZSteDJI-01846-00431943-00432275 including Malin and Mufasa Chiang's
+IvtRZSteDJI-01847-00432276-00432491 appointments the first time that Muslims
+IvtRZSteDJI-01848-00432492-00432699 had been appointed as governors of Gansu
+IvtRZSteDJI-01849-00432700-00432879 increased the prestige of Muslim
+IvtRZSteDJI-01850-00432880-00433133 officials in northwestern China the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01851-00433134-00433445 armies raised by this mock leak most
+IvtRZSteDJI-01852-00433446-00433631 notably their Muslim cavalry were
+IvtRZSteDJI-01853-00433632-00433943 incorporated into the KMT army Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01854-00433944-00434177 appointed a Muslim general by Chong XI
+IvtRZSteDJI-01855-00434178-00434391 as the Minister of National Defense of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01856-00434392-00434570 the Republic of China which controlled
+IvtRZSteDJI-01857-00434571-00434904 the ROK military Chiang also supported
+IvtRZSteDJI-01858-00434905-00435116 the muslim general ma Zhong yi whom he
+IvtRZSteDJI-01859-00435117-00435312 had trained at Whampoa Military Academy
+IvtRZSteDJI-01860-00435313-00435527 during the Kumal rebellion in a jihad
+IvtRZSteDJI-01861-00435528-00435758 against Jin Shirin shang-chi Chi and the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01862-00435759-00435941 Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion
+IvtRZSteDJI-01863-00435942-00436295 of Xinjiang Chang designated Maz Muslim
+IvtRZSteDJI-01864-00436296-00436533 army as the 36th division National
+IvtRZSteDJI-01865-00436534-00436743 Revolutionary Army and gave his troops
+IvtRZSteDJI-01866-00436743-00437066 Kuomintang flags and uniforms Chang then
+IvtRZSteDJI-01867-00437067-00437277 supported muslim general ma hush and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01868-00437278-00437514 against shanghai and the Soviet Union in
+IvtRZSteDJI-01869-00437514-00437856 the shinjang war 1937 all Muslim
+IvtRZSteDJI-01870-00437857-00438029 generals commissioned by Chang in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01871-00438030-00438227 National Revolutionary Army swore
+IvtRZSteDJI-01872-00438228-00438500 allegiance to him several like ma sha
+IvtRZSteDJI-01873-00438501-00438699 woo and MA hussion were loyal to chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01874-00438700-00438904 and Kuomintang hardliners
+IvtRZSteDJI-01875-00438905-00439168 the ili rebellion and Pei Tosh on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01876-00439169-00439352 incident played relations with the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01877-00439353-00439558 Soviet Union during chiang's rule and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01878-00439559-00439808 caused trouble with the weavers during
+IvtRZSteDJI-01879-00439809-00439991 the ili rebellion and Pei Deshawn
+IvtRZSteDJI-01880-00439992-00440179 incident Chang deployed way troops
+IvtRZSteDJI-01881-00440180-00440414 against Weger mobs in Turpan and against
+IvtRZSteDJI-01882-00440414-00440652 Soviet Russian and Mongols at pay - on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01883-00440653-00440908 during chiang's rule attacks on
+IvtRZSteDJI-01884-00440909-00441118 foreigners by Kuomintang forces flared
+IvtRZSteDJI-01885-00441119-00441397 up in several incidents one of these was
+IvtRZSteDJI-01886-00441398-00441668 the Battle of kashgar 1934 where a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01887-00441668-00441868 Muslim army loyal to the Kuomintang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01888-00441869-00442154 massacred 4,500 Wiegert and killed
+IvtRZSteDJI-01889-00442155-00442339 several British at the British Consulate
+IvtRZSteDJI-01890-00442340-00442585 in Kashgar the British were unable to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01891-00442586-00442945 retaliate who song Sean a Muslim Imam
+IvtRZSteDJI-01892-00442946-00443162 backed Chiang kai-shek's regime and gave
+IvtRZSteDJI-01893-00443163-00443408 prayers for his government ROC flags
+IvtRZSteDJI-01894-00443409-00443612 were saluted by Muslims in Ningxia
+IvtRZSteDJI-01895-00443613-00443810 during prayer along with exhortations to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01896-00443810-00444101 nationalism during Chiang's rule Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01897-00444102-00444320 sent Muslim students abroad to study at
+IvtRZSteDJI-01898-00444321-00444545 places like al-azhar and Muslim schools
+IvtRZSteDJI-01899-00444546-00444737 throughout China taught law LT to his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01900-00444738-00445070 regime the UA hua a Chinese Muslim
+IvtRZSteDJI-01901-00445071-00445279 publication quoted the Quran and hadith
+IvtRZSteDJI-01902-00445280-00445487 to justify submitting to Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-01903-00445488-00445666 as the leader of China and as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01904-00445667-00445868 justification for jihad in the war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01905-00445868-00446102 against Japan the e hewan e qin al
+IvtRZSteDJI-01906-00446103-00446437 muslimin AKA muslim brotherhood was the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01907-00446438-00446627 predominant muslim sect backed by the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01908-00446628-00446812 Chiang government during Chiang's regime
+IvtRZSteDJI-01909-00446813-00447116 other Muslim sects like the zio Tang and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01910-00447117-00447343 Sufi Brotherhood's like Daria and Coffea
+IvtRZSteDJI-01911-00447344-00447608 were also supported by his regime the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01912-00447609-00447835 Chinese Muslim Association a pro
+IvtRZSteDJI-01913-00447836-00448004 Kuomintang an anti-communist
+IvtRZSteDJI-01914-00448005-00448210 organization was set up by Muslims
+IvtRZSteDJI-01915-00448211-00448516 working in his regime Salafism attempted
+IvtRZSteDJI-01916-00448517-00448700 to gain a foothold in China during his
+IvtRZSteDJI-01917-00448701-00448910 regime but the he hey Wang nian hanafi
+IvtRZSteDJI-01918-00448910-00449126 Zuniga T mu denounced the Salafis as
+IvtRZSteDJI-01919-00449127-00449341 radicals engaged in fights against them
+IvtRZSteDJI-01920-00449342-00449533 and declared them heretics forcing the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01921-00449534-00449837 Salafis to form a separate sect ma ching
+IvtRZSteDJI-01922-00449838-00450058 chang a muslim general served as an
+IvtRZSteDJI-01923-00450059-00450350 advisor to Chiang kai-shek mob bucking
+IvtRZSteDJI-01924-00450351-00450535 was another Muslim general who fled to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01925-00450536-00450820 Taiwan along with Chiang his government
+IvtRZSteDJI-01926-00450821-00451018 donated money to build the Taipei Grand
+IvtRZSteDJI-01927-00451019-00451470 Mosque on Taiwan
+IvtRZSteDJI-01928-00451471-00451752 topic relationship with Buddhists and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01929-00451753-00452130 Christians
+IvtRZSteDJI-01930-00452131-00452360 Chang had uneasy relations with the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01931-00452362-00452568 Tibetans he fought against them in the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01932-00452568-00452766 sino-tibetan war and he supported the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01933-00452767-00452982 muslim general ma bufang in his war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01934-00452983-00453272 against tibetan rebels in Qinghai Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01935-00453274-00453525 ordered ma bufang to prepare his Islamic
+IvtRZSteDJI-01936-00453526-00453750 army to invade Tibet several times to
+IvtRZSteDJI-01937-00453751-00453909 deter Tibetan independence and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01938-00453910-00454082 threatened them with aerial bombardment
+IvtRZSteDJI-01939-00454083-00454362 after the war Chang appointed ma bufang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01940-00454363-00454707 as ambassador to Saudi Arabia Chang
+IvtRZSteDJI-01941-00454708-00454920 incorporated Methodist values into the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01942-00454921-00455103 new life movement under the influence of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01943-00455104-00455391 his wife dancing and Western music were
+IvtRZSteDJI-01944-00455392-00455613 discouraged in one incident several
+IvtRZSteDJI-01945-00455614-00455838 youths splashed acid on people wearing
+IvtRZSteDJI-01946-00455839-00456027 western clothing although Chang was not
+IvtRZSteDJI-01947-00456028-00456251 directly responsible for these incidents
+IvtRZSteDJI-01948-00456252-00456483 despite being a Methodist he made
+IvtRZSteDJI-01949-00456484-00456684 reference to the Buddha in his diary and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01950-00456685-00456852 encouraged the establishment of a
+IvtRZSteDJI-01951-00456853-00457026 Buddhist political party under master
+IvtRZSteDJI-01952-00457027-00457147 Tai shoe
+IvtRZSteDJI-01953-00457149-00457401 according to jehovah's witnesses some of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01954-00457402-00457578 their members traveled to chongqing and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01955-00457579-00457716 spoke to him personally while
+IvtRZSteDJI-01956-00457717-00457866 distributing their literature there
+IvtRZSteDJI-01957-00457867-00458295 during the second world war
+IvtRZSteDJI-01958-00458296-00458792 topic honors
+IvtRZSteDJI-01959-00458793-00459072 Republic of China national honour sorter
+IvtRZSteDJI-01960-00459072-00459399 of national glory order of blue sky and
+IvtRZSteDJI-01961-00459400-00459695 white Sun first class order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01962-00459696-00460037 sacred tree pod order of brilliant Jade
+IvtRZSteDJI-01963-00460038-00460401 order of propitious clouds order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01964-00460402-00460727 cloud and banner order of brilliant star
+IvtRZSteDJI-01965-00460728-00461022 honor saber of the awakened lion foreign
+IvtRZSteDJI-01966-00461022-00461310 honours Dominican Republic order of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01967-00461310-00461583 merit of Duarte Sanchez and Mela January
+IvtRZSteDJI-01968-00461584-00461967 1940 order of Christopher Columbus July
+IvtRZSteDJI-01969-00461968-00462347 1948 Grand Cross of order of Christopher
+IvtRZSteDJI-01970-00462348-00462867 Columbus October 1971 Philippines chief
+IvtRZSteDJI-01971-00462868-00463043 commander of the Philippine Legion of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01972-00463045-00463428 Honor 1949 grand collar of the ancient
+IvtRZSteDJI-01973-00463429-00463766 order of sikka tuna the 2nd of May 1960
+IvtRZSteDJI-01974-00463767-00464112 United States chief commander of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01975-00464113-00464470 Legion of Merit the 9th of July 1943
+IvtRZSteDJI-01976-00464471-00464652 Distinguished Service Medal
+IvtRZSteDJI-01977-00464653-00465204 US Army March 1946 South Korea Order of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01978-00465205-00465468 Merit for National Foundation the 27th
+IvtRZSteDJI-01979-00465468-00465870 of November 1953 Thailand order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01980-00465871-00466056 Raja meet Rab Horne the fifth of June
+IvtRZSteDJI-01981-00466057-00466497 1963 Columbia order of boyacá October
+IvtRZSteDJI-01982-00466497-00466931 1963 United Kingdom order of the bath
+IvtRZSteDJI-01983-00466932-00467313 1941 Peru order of the son of Peru
+IvtRZSteDJI-01984-00467314-00467763 October 1944 czechoslovakia order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01985-00467764-00468159 White Lion the 30th of May 1945 France
+IvtRZSteDJI-01986-00468160-00468524 Legion of Honor the 9th of January 1945
+IvtRZSteDJI-01987-00468525-00468849 Chile Order of Merit Chile the 29th of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01988-00468850-00469260 January 1944 Mexico order of the Aztec
+IvtRZSteDJI-01989-00469260-00469710 Eagle April 1945 kingdom of Greece order
+IvtRZSteDJI-01990-00469710-00470087 of the Redeemer the 22nd of march 1957
+IvtRZSteDJI-01991-00470088-00470310 Jordan Supreme order of the Renaissance
+IvtRZSteDJI-01992-00470310-00470778 the 9th of March 1959 Brazil order of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01993-00470779-00471168 the Southern Cross 1944 Italy order of
+IvtRZSteDJI-01994-00471168-00471514 saints maurice and lazarus april 1948
+IvtRZSteDJI-01995-00471516-00471789 sweden Royal Order of the Seraphim the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01996-00471789-00472014 4th of June 1948
+IvtRZSteDJI-01997-00472014-00472276 Spanish Republic order of Isabella the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01998-00472277-00472714 Catholic May 1936 Venezuela order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-01999-00472714-00473149 Liberator July 1954 South Vietnam Kim
+IvtRZSteDJI-02000-00473150-00473587 Kahn medal January 1960 Belgium order of
+IvtRZSteDJI-02001-00473588-00473964 Leopold Belgium the 4th of June 1946
+IvtRZSteDJI-02002-00473964-00474277 Malawi order of the lion Malawi the 5th
+IvtRZSteDJI-02003-00474278-00474670 of August 1967 Bolivia order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-02004-00474671-00475084 condor of the Andes March 1966 Gambia
+IvtRZSteDJI-02005-00475085-00475270 order of the Republic of the Gambia
+IvtRZSteDJI-02006-00475271-00475684 November 1972 Argentine order of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-02007-00475685-00475860 Liberator general san martin
+IvtRZSteDJI-02008-00475862-00476275 october 1960 guatemala order of the kits
+IvtRZSteDJI-02009-00476276-00476768 all the 7th of december 1956 Nicaragua
+IvtRZSteDJI-02010-00476770-00477022 national order of Miguel Lorraine Agha
+IvtRZSteDJI-02011-00477022-00477424 November 1974 order of ruben dario
+IvtRZSteDJI-02012-00477425-00477877 october 1958 panama order of Vasco núñez
+IvtRZSteDJI-02013-00477878-00478335 de Balboa February 1960 Paraguay collar
+IvtRZSteDJI-02014-00478337-00478603 of marshal francisco solano lopez grade
+IvtRZSteDJI-02015-00478604-00479214 of national order of merit May 1962
+IvtRZSteDJI-02016-00479214-00479562 topic see also
+IvtRZSteDJI-02017-00479563-00479760 you
+IvtRZSteDJI-02018-00479761-00480051 check young province Republic of China
+IvtRZSteDJI-02019-00480052-00480420 Chiang kai-shek Memorial Hall Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-02020-00480421-00480733 kai-shek memorial song Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-02021-00480734-00481218 statues CI hu mausoleum clearly
+IvtRZSteDJI-02022-00481219-00481654 channeled Flying Tigers free area of the
+IvtRZSteDJI-02023-00481655-00481962 Republic of China guest houses of Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-02024-00481963-00482245 kai-shek history of the Republic of
+IvtRZSteDJI-02025-00482246-00482622 China Republic of China Armed Forces
+IvtRZSteDJI-02026-00482622-00482814 politics of the Republic of China
+IvtRZSteDJI-02027-00482815-00483430 Republic of China 1912 to 1949 shilin
+IvtRZSteDJI-02028-00483431-00483718 official residence sino German
+IvtRZSteDJI-02029-00483718-00484274 Cooperation until 1941
+IvtRZSteDJI-02030-00484275-00484778 topic gallery
+IvtRZSteDJI-02031-00484779-00485293 topic references
+IvtRZSteDJI-02032-00485295-00485810 topic further reading
+IvtRZSteDJI-02033-00485812-00486371 topic external links
+IvtRZSteDJI-02034-00486372-00486834 obituary NY Times April 6th 1975 the
+IvtRZSteDJI-02035-00486835-00487035 life of Chiang kai-shek a leader who is
+IvtRZSteDJI-02036-00487035-00487322 thrust aside by revolution ROC
+IvtRZSteDJI-02037-00487324-00487689 government biography Time magazine's man
+IvtRZSteDJI-02038-00487689-00488151 and wife of the year 1937 the National
+IvtRZSteDJI-02039-00488152-00488376 Chiang kai-shek Memorial Hall official
+IvtRZSteDJI-02040-00488377-00488646 site the Chun Qiang cultural and
+IvtRZSteDJI-02041-00488647-00488964 educational foundation Generalissimo
+IvtRZSteDJI-02042-00488964-00489233 Chiang kai-shek Association Hong Kong
+IvtRZSteDJI-02043-00489234-00489497 order of Generalissimo Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-02044-00489497-00489717 supplementing the act of surrender by
+IvtRZSteDJI-02045-00489718-00490022 Japan on the 9th of September 1945
+IvtRZSteDJI-02046-00490022-00490247 family tree of his descendants in
+IvtRZSteDJI-02047-00490249-00490542 simplified Chinese the Chiang kai-shek
+IvtRZSteDJI-02048-00490543-00490829 Index at the Franklin D Roosevelt
+IvtRZSteDJI-02049-00490830-00491310 Presidential Library and Museum 1966 geo
+IvtRZSteDJI-02050-00491310-00491670 biographical video the memorial song of
+IvtRZSteDJI-02051-00491671-00491982 late President Chiang kai-shek Ministry
+IvtRZSteDJI-02052-00491983-00492260 of National Defense of roc Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-02053-00492262-00492477 kai-shek biography from spartacus
+IvtRZSteDJI-02054-00492478-00492759 educational the collected wartime
+IvtRZSteDJI-02055-00492760-00492935 messages of Generalissimo Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-02056-00492937-00493338 kai-shek at archive org the National
+IvtRZSteDJI-02057-00493339-00493566 Chiang kai-shek Cultural Center official
+IvtRZSteDJI-02058-00493567-00493851 site Chiang kai-shek Diaries at the
+IvtRZSteDJI-02059-00493852-00494204 Hoover Institution archives three
+IvtRZSteDJI-02060-00494205-00494414 newspaper clippings about Chiang
+IvtRZSteDJI-02061-00494416-00494622 kai-shek in the 20th century press
+IvtRZSteDJI-02062-00494622-00494841 archives of the German national library
+IvtRZSteDJI-02063-00494842-00495222 of economics you
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00000-00000049-00000273 time is the indefinite continued
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00001-00000274-00000476 progress of existence and events that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00002-00000477-00000651 occur in apparently irreversible
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00003-00000652-00000800 succession from the past through the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00004-00000801-00001041 present to the future time is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00005-00001042-00001206 component quantity of various
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00006-00001207-00001422 measurements used to sequence events to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00007-00001423-00001587 compare the duration of events or the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00008-00001588-00001766 intervals between them and to quantify
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00009-00001767-00001940 rates of change of quantities in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00010-00001941-00002135 material reality or in the conscious
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00011-00002136-00002432 experience time is often referred to as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00012-00002433-00002609 a fourth dimension along with three
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00013-00002610-00002834 spatial dimensions time has long been an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00014-00002835-00003050 important subject of study in religion
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00015-00003051-00003297 philosophy and science but defining it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00016-00003297-00003479 in a manner applicable to all fields
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00017-00003480-00003675 without circularity has consistently
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00018-00003676-00003999 eluded scholars nevertheless diverse
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00019-00004000-00004272 fields such as business industry sports
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00020-00004273-00004506 the sciences and the Performing Arts all
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00021-00004507-00004700 incorporate some notion of time into
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00022-00004701-00004898 their respective measuring systems time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00023-00004899-00005052 and physics as unambiguously
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00024-00005053-00005291 operationally defined as what a clock
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00025-00005292-00005625 reads see units of time time is one of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00026-00005626-00005795 the seven fundamental physical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00027-00005796-00005979 quantities in both the International
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00028-00005980-00006204 System of Units an international system
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00029-00006205-00006473 of quantities time is used to define
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00030-00006475-00006705 other quantities such as velocity so
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00031-00006706-00006860 defining time in terms of such
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00032-00006861-00007044 quantities would result in circularity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00033-00007045-00007346 of definition an operational definition
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00034-00007347-00007559 of time wherein one says that observing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00035-00007561-00007760 a certain number of repetitions of one
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00036-00007761-00007988 or another standard cyclic event such as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00037-00007989-00008192 the passage of a free swinging pendulum
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00038-00008193-00008417 constitutes one standard unit such as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00039-00008418-00008595 the second is highly useful in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00040-00008596-00008802 conduct of both advanced experiments in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00041-00008803-00009095 everyday affairs of life the operational
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00042-00009096-00009255 definition leaves aside the question
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00043-00009256-00009444 whether there is something called time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00044-00009445-00009648 apart from the counting activity just
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00045-00009649-00009831 mentioned that flows and that can be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00046-00009832-00010095 measured investigations of a single
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00047-00010096-00010289 continuum called space-time bring
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00048-00010290-00010499 questions about space into questions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00049-00010500-00010674 about time questions that have their
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00050-00010675-00010851 roots in the works of early students of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00051-00010852-00011166 natural philosophy temporal measurement
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00052-00011167-00011334 has occupied scientists and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00053-00011335-00011562 technologists and was a prime motivation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00054-00011563-00011849 in navigation in astronomy periodic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00055-00011850-00012056 events and periodic motion have long
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00056-00012057-00012284 served as standards for units of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00057-00012285-00012534 examples include the apparent motion of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00058-00012535-00012746 the Sun across the sky the phases of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00059-00012747-00012930 Moon the swing of a pendulum and the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00060-00012931-00013022 beat of a heart
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00061-00013022-00013302 currently the international unit of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00062-00013303-00013430 the second is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00063-00013431-00013638 by measuring the electronic transition
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00064-00013638-00013967 frequency of cesium atoms see below time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00065-00013968-00014195 is also of significant social importance
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00066-00014196-00014363 having economic value
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00067-00014365-00014678 time is money as well as personal value
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00068-00014679-00014877 due to an awareness of the limited time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00069-00014878-00015583 in each day and in human lifespans
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00070-00015584-00016213 topic temporal measurement in history
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00071-00016213-00016462 generally speaking methods of temporal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00072-00016463-00016657 measurement or chronometry take two
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00073-00016658-00016834 distinct forms the calendar a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00074-00016835-00017017 mathematical tool for organizing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00075-00017018-00017299 intervals of time and the clock a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00076-00017300-00017467 physical mechanism that counts the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00077-00017468-00017755 passage of time in day to day life the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00078-00017756-00017971 clock is consulted for periods less than
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00079-00017972-00018175 a day whereas the calendar is consulted
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00080-00018176-00018372 for periods longer than a day
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00081-00018373-00018607 increasingly personal electronic devices
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00082-00018608-00018837 display both calendars and clocks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00083-00018838-00019102 simultaneously the number as on a clock
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00084-00019103-00019273 dial or calendar that marks the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00085-00019274-00019468 occurrence of a specified event as to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00086-00019469-00019672 our or date is obtained by counting from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00087-00019673-00019864 a fiducial epoch a central reference
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00088-00019865-00020375 point
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00089-00020376-00020939 topic history of the calendar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00090-00020940-00021192 artifacts from the Paleolithic suggests
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00091-00021193-00021378 that the moon was used to reckon time as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00092-00021379-00021650 early as 6000 years ago lunar calendars
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00093-00021651-00021864 were among the first to appear either 12
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00094-00021865-00023414 or 13 lunar months either 354 or 355
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00095-00023415-00023606 to some years to make up for the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00096-00023607-00023796 difference between a full year now known
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00097-00023797-00024164 to be about 365.24 days and a year of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00098-00024165-00024480 just 12 lunar months the numbers 12 and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00099-00024481-00024705 13 came to feature prominently in many
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00100-00024706-00024905 cultures at least partly due to this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00101-00024906-00025164 relationship of months to years other
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00102-00025165-00025400 early forms of calendars originated in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00103-00025401-00025625 Mesoamerica particularly in ancient
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00104-00025626-00025905 Mayan civilization these calendars were
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00105-00025906-00026102 religiously and astronomically based
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00106-00026103-00026352 with 18 months in a year and 20 days in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00107-00026352-00026580 a month plus 5 epic Domino days at the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00108-00026581-00026768 end of the year the reforms of Julius
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00109-00026769-00027054 Caesar in 45 BC put the Roman world on a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00110-00027055-00027354 solar calendar this Julian calendar was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00111-00027355-00027555 faulty in that its intercalation still
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00112-00027556-00027756 allowed the astronomical solstices and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00113-00027757-00027971 equinoxes to advance against it by about
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00114-00027972-00028254 11 minutes per year Pope Gregory the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00115-00028255-00028551 13th introduced a correction in 1580 to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00116-00028552-00028770 the Gregorian calendar was only slowly
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00117-00028770-00028962 adopted by different nations over a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00118-00028963-00029148 period of centuries but it is now the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00119-00029149-00029345 most commonly used calendar around the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00120-00029347-00029604 world by far during the French
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00121-00029605-00029829 Revolution a new clock and calendar were
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00122-00029830-00030012 invented in attempted to Christianize
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00123-00030013-00030233 time and create a more rational system
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00124-00030234-00030399 in order to replace the Gregorian
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00125-00030400-00030639 calendar the French Republican calendar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00126-00030639-00030879 x' day's consisted of ten hours of a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00127-00030880-00031050 hundred minutes of a hundred seconds
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00128-00031051-00031242 which marked a deviation from the twelve
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00129-00031243-00031455 based duodecimal system used in many
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00130-00031456-00031725 other devices by many cultures the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00131-00031726-00032433 system was later abolished in 1806
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00132-00032435-00032707 topic history of time measurement
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00133-00032708-00033086 devices
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00134-00033087-00033332 a large variety of devices have been
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00135-00033333-00033557 invented to measure time the study of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00136-00033558-00033814 these devices is called her ology an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00137-00033815-00034220 Egyptian device that dates to C 1500 BC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00138-00034221-00034430 similar in shape to a bent t-square
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00139-00034431-00034604 measured the passage of time from the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00140-00034605-00034796 shadow cast by its crossbar on a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00141-00034797-00035063 nonlinear rule the T was oriented
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00142-00035064-00035294 eastward in the mornings at noon
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00143-00035295-00035471 the device was turned around so that it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00144-00035472-00035627 could cast its shadow in the evening
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00145-00035628-00035870 direction a sundial uses an omen to cast
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00146-00035871-00036098 a shadow on a set of markings calibrated
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00147-00036099-00036341 to the hour the position of the shadow
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00148-00036342-00036620 marks the hour in local time the idea to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00149-00036621-00036818 separate the day into smaller parts as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00150-00036819-00036998 credited to Egyptians because of their
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00151-00036999-00037232 Sun dials which operated on a duodecimal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00152-00037233-00037502 system the importance of the number 12
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00153-00037503-00037706 is due the number of lunar cycles in a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00154-00037707-00037892 year and the number of stars used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00155-00037893-00038051 count the passage of night the most
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00156-00038052-00038231 precise timekeeping device of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00157-00038232-00038429 ancient world was the water clock or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00158-00038430-00038615 CLEP sudra one of which was found in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00159-00038616-00038828 tomb of egyptian pharaoh amenhotep the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00160-00038829-00038981 first they could be used to measure the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00161-00038982-00039188 hours even at night but required manual
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00162-00039189-00039382 upkeep to replenish the flow of water
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00163-00039383-00039644 the ancient Greeks and the people from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00164-00039645-00039854 child a southeastern mesopotamia
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00165-00039855-00040079 regularly maintained timekeeping records
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00166-00040080-00040202 as an essential part of their
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00167-00040203-00040514 astronomical observations Arab inventors
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00168-00040515-00040694 and engineers in particular made
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00169-00040695-00040883 improvements on the use of water clocks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00170-00040884-00041144 up to the Middle Ages in the 11th
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00171-00041145-00041339 century Chinese inventors and engineers
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00172-00041340-00041561 invented the first mechanical clocks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00173-00041562-00041852 driven by an escapement mechanism the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00174-00041853-00042053 hourglass uses the flow of sand to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00175-00042054-00042293 measure the flow of time they were used
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00176-00042294-00042596 in navigation Ferdinand Magellan used 18
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00177-00042597-00042752 glasses on each ship for his
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00178-00042753-00042908 circumnavigation of the globe
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00179-00042909-00043208 15:22 incense sticks and candles were
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00180-00043209-00043400 and are commonly used to measure time in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00181-00043401-00043597 temples and churches across the globe
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00182-00043598-00043904 water clocks and later mechanical clocks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00183-00043905-00044060 were used to mark the events of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00184-00044061-00044228 Abbey's and monasteries of the Middle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00185-00044229-00044681 Ages Richard of Wallingford 1292 to 1336
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00186-00044682-00044948 abbot of st. Albans Abbey famously built
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00187-00044949-00045137 a mechanical clock as an astronomical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00188-00045138-00045413 orrery about 1330 great advances in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00189-00045414-00045611 accurate timekeeping were made by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00190-00045612-00045854 Galileo Galilei and especially Christian
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00191-00045855-00046067 Huygens with the invention of pendulum
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00192-00046068-00046256 driven clocks along with the invention
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00193-00046257-00046457 of the minute hand by yoast Bergy the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00194-00046458-00046646 English word clock probably comes from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00195-00046647-00046826 the middle Dutch word clock which in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00196-00046827-00046990 turn derives from the medieval latin
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00197-00046991-00047212 word cloaca which ultimately derives
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00198-00047213-00047414 from celtic and has cognate with French
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00199-00047415-00047630 Latin and German words that mean Bell
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00200-00047631-00047890 the passage of the hours at sea were
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00201-00047891-00048115 marked by bells and denoted the time sea
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00202-00048116-00048346 ship's Bell the hours were marked by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00203-00048347-00048583 bells in Abbey's as well as at sea
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00204-00048584-00048842 clocks can range from watches to more
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00205-00048843-00049052 exotic varieties such as the clock of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00206-00049053-00049280 the long now they can be driven by a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00207-00049281-00049474 variety of means including gravity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00208-00049475-00049739 Springs and various forms of electrical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00209-00049740-00049943 power and regulated by a variety of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00210-00049944-00050249 means such as a pendulum alarm clocks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00211-00050250-00050426 first appeared in ancient Greece around
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00212-00050427-00050699 250 BC with a water clock that would set
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00213-00050700-00050936 off a whistle this idea was later
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00214-00050937-00051170 mechanized by Levi Hutchins and Sethi
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00215-00051171-00051362 Thomas a chronometer as a portable
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00216-00051363-00051541 timekeeper that meets certain precision
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00217-00051542-00051850 standards initially the term was used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00218-00051851-00052013 refer to the marine chronometer a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00219-00052014-00052229 timepiece used to determine longitude by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00220-00052229-00052408 means of celestial navigation a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00221-00052409-00052613 precision firstly achieved by John
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00222-00052614-00052900 Harrison more recently the term has also
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00223-00052901-00053099 been applied to the chronometer watch a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00224-00053100-00053305 watch that meets precision standards set
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00225-00053307-00053650 by the Swiss Agency COSC the most
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00226-00053651-00053879 accurate timekeeping devices are atomic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00227-00053879-00054074 clocks which are accurate two seconds in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00228-00054075-00054256 many millions of years and are used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00229-00054257-00054446 calibrate other clocks and timekeeping
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00230-00054447-00054645 instruments
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00231-00054646-00054882 atomic clocks used the frequency of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00232-00054883-00055104 electronic transitions in certain atoms
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00233-00055104-00055338 to measure the second one of the most
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00234-00055339-00055599 common atoms used as cesium most modern
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00235-00055600-00055785 atomic clocks probe cesium with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00236-00055786-00055998 microwaves to determine the frequency of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00237-00055999-00056385 these electron vibrations since 1967 the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00238-00056386-00056576 international system of measurements
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00239-00056577-00056787 basis it's unit of time the second on
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00240-00056788-00057075 the properties of cesium atoms si
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00241-00057076-00057679 defines the second as 9,192,631,770
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00242-00057680-00057957 cycles of the radiation that corresponds
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00243-00057958-00058161 to the transition between two electrons
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00244-00058162-00058347 spin energy levels of the ground state
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00245-00058348-00058737 of the 133 sees atom today the global
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00246-00058738-00058959 positioning system in coordination with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00247-00058960-00059169 the network time protocol can be used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00248-00059170-00059354 synchronize timekeeping systems across
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00249-00059355-00059663 the globe in medieval philosophical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00250-00059664-00059862 writings the atom was a unit of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00251-00059863-00060029 referred to as the smallest possible
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00252-00060030-00060285 division of time the earliest known
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00253-00060286-00060491 occurrence in English as in Bart Fritz
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00254-00060492-00060741 and karidian a science texts of ten ten
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00255-00060741-00060938 to ten twelve where it was defined as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00256-00060939-00061226 one 560 fourth of a momentum one and a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00257-00061227-00061461 half minutes and thus equal to 1590
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00258-00061462-00061698 fourths of a second it was used in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00259-00061699-00061929 computers the process of calculating the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00260-00061929-00062250 date of Easter as of May 2010 the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00261-00062251-00062444 smallest time interval uncertainty in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00262-00062445-00062622 direct measurements is on the order of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00263-00062623-00063005 twelve atto seconds 1.2 times 10 - 17
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00264-00063007-00063230 seconds about three point seven times
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00265-00063232-00063901 ten 26 Planck times
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00266-00063902-00064416 topic units of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00267-00064417-00064699 the second s is the SI base unit a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00268-00064700-00064987 Minutemen is 60 seconds in length and an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00269-00064988-00065290 hour is 60 minutes in length a day is 24
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00270-00065291-00066149 hours or 86,400 seconds in length
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00271-00066150-00066760 topic definitions and standards
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00272-00066761-00067021 the mean solar time system defines the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00273-00067022-00067270 second as 186 thousand four hundredths
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00274-00067271-00067459 of the mean solar day which is the year
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00275-00067460-00067726 average of the solar day the solar day
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00276-00067727-00067891 is the time interval between two
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00277-00067892-00068032 successive solar Noons
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00278-00068033-00068227 ie the time interval between two
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00279-00068228-00068431 successive passages of the Sun across
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00280-00068432-00068722 the local meridian the local meridian as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00281-00068723-00068890 an imaginary line that runs from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00282-00068891-00069109 celestial North Pole to celestial South
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00283-00069110-00069286 Pole passing directly over the head of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00284-00069287-00069544 the observer at the local Meridian the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00285-00069545-00069742 Sun reaches its highest point on its
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00286-00069743-00070129 daily arc across the sky in 1874 the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00287-00070130-00070300 British Association for the Advancement
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00288-00070301-00070618 of science introduced the CGS centimetre
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00289-00070619-00070807 gram per second system combining
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00290-00070808-00071023 fundamental units of length mass and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00291-00071024-00071425 time the second us elastic because tidal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00292-00071426-00071614 friction is slowing the Earth's rotation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00293-00071615-00071875 rate for use in calculating F Ameri T's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00294-00071876-00072154 of celestial motion therefore in 1952
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00295-00072155-00072412 astronomers introduced the ephemeris
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00296-00072413-00072756 second currently defined as the fraction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00297-00072757-00073036 131 million five hundred fifty six
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00298-00073037-00073240 thousand nine hundred twenty fifth point
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00299-00073241-00073456 nine seven four seven of the tropical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00300-00073457-00073723 year for 1900 January 0 at 12 hours
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00301-00073724-00074092 ephemeris time the CGS system has been
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00302-00074093-00074298 superseded by the system a international
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00303-00074299-00074617 the SI base unit for time as the SI
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00304-00074618-00074875 second the International System of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00305-00074876-00075088 quantities which incorporates the SI
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00306-00075089-00075352 also defines larger units of time equal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00307-00075353-00075577 to fixed integer multiples of one second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00308-00075578-00075892 1s such as the minute hour and day these
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00309-00075893-00076093 are not part of the SI but may be used
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00310-00076094-00076387 alongside the SI other units of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00311-00076388-00076558 such as the month in the year are not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00312-00076559-00076768 equal to fixed multiples of 1s and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00313-00076769-00076993 instead exhibit significant variations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00314-00076994-00077077 in duration
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00315-00077078-00077296 the official SI definition of the second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00316-00077297-00077593 as as follows the second is the duration
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00317-00077594-00078202 of 9,192,631,770 periods of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00318-00078203-00078361 radiation corresponding to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00319-00078362-00078499 transition between the two hyperfine
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00320-00078500-00078745 levels of the ground state of the cesium
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00321-00078746-00079258 133 atom at its 1997 meeting the cipm
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00322-00079259-00079444 affirmed that this definition refers to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00323-00079445-00079672 a cesium atom in its ground state at a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00324-00079673-00079927 temperature of 0k the current definition
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00325-00079928-00080143 of the second coupled with the current
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00326-00080144-00080332 of the meter is based on the special
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00327-00080333-00080533 theory of relativity which affirms our
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00328-00080534-00080818 space-time to be a Minkowski space the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00329-00080819-00081004 definition of the second and means solar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00330-00081005-00081670 time however is unchanged
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00331-00081671-00082165 Topic world time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00332-00082166-00082417 while in theory the concept of a single
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00333-00082418-00082654 worldwide Universal timescale may have
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00334-00082655-00082858 been conceived of many centuries ago in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00335-00082859-00083077 practicality the technical ability to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00336-00083078-00083272 create and maintain such a time scale
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00337-00083273-00083467 did not become possible until the mid
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00338-00083468-00083794 19th century the time scale adopted was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00339-00083795-00084103 Greenwich Mean Time created in 1847 a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00340-00084104-00084328 few countries have replaced it with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00341-00084329-00085051 coordinated Universal Time UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00342-00085052-00085662 topic history of the development of UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00343-00085663-00085846 with the advent of the Industrial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00344-00085847-00086107 Revolution a greater understanding and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00345-00086108-00086293 agreement on the nature of time itself
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00346-00086294-00086491 became increasingly necessary and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00347-00086492-00086842 helpful in 1847 in Britain Greenwich
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00348-00086843-00087138 Mean Time GMT was first created for use
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00349-00087139-00087349 by the British Railways the British Navy
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00350-00087350-00087631 and the British shipping industry using
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00351-00087632-00087888 telescopes GMT was calibrated to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00352-00087889-00088060 mean solar time at the Royal Observatory
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00353-00088061-00088444 Greenwich in the UK as international
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00354-00088445-00088567 commerce continued to increase
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00355-00088568-00088771 throughout Europe in order to achieve a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00356-00088772-00088944 more efficiently functioning modern
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00357-00088945-00089163 society and agreed upon and highly
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00358-00089164-00089356 accurate international standard of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00359-00089357-00089647 measurement became necessary in order to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00360-00089648-00089866 find or determine such a time standard
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00361-00089867-00090111 three steps had to be followed an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00362-00090112-00090292 internationally agreed-upon time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00363-00090293-00090604 standard had to be defined this new time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00364-00090605-00090813 standard then had to be consistently and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00365-00090814-00091069 accurately measured the new time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00366-00091070-00091234 standard then had to be freely shared
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00367-00091235-00091453 and distributed around the world the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00368-00091454-00091672 development of what is now known as UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00369-00091673-00091876 time came about historically as an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00370-00091877-00092023 effort which first began as a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00371-00092024-00092221 collaboration between 41 nations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00372-00092222-00092446 officially agreed to and signed at the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00373-00092447-00092638 International Meridian conference in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00374-00092639-00092998 Washington DC in 1884 at this conference
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00375-00092999-00093229 the local means solar time at the Royal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00376-00093230-00093438 Observatory Greenwich in England was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00377-00093439-00093678 chosen to define the Universal day
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00378-00093679-00093925 counted from zero hours at Greenwich
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00379-00093926-00094156 Mean midnight this agreed with the civil
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00380-00094157-00094338 Greenwich Mean Time used on the island
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00381-00094339-00094701 of Great Britain since 1847 in contrast
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00382-00094702-00095001 astronomical GMT began at mean noon ie
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00383-00095002-00095232 astronomical day X began at noon of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00384-00095233-00095434 civil day X the purpose of this was to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00385-00095435-00095617 keep one night's observations under one
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00386-00095618-00095907 date the civil system was adopted as of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00387-00095908-00096279 0 hours civil the first of January 1925
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00388-00096280-00096616 nautical GMT began 24 hours before
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00389-00096617-00096994 astronomical GMT at least until 1805 in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00390-00096995-00097075 the Royal Navy
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00391-00097076-00097261 but persisted much later elsewhere
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00392-00097262-00097465 because it was mentioned at the 1884
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00393-00097466-00097782 conference in 1884 the Greenwich
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00394-00097783-00097987 Meridian was used for two-thirds of all
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00395-00097988-00098181 charts and maps as their prime meridian
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00396-00098182-00098432 among the 41 nations represented at the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00397-00098433-00098573 conference the advanced time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00398-00098574-00098762 technologies that had already come into
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00399-00098763-00098934 use in Britain were fundamental
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00400-00098935-00099119 components of the agreed-upon method of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00401-00099120-00099297 arriving at a universal and agreed-upon
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00402-00099298-00099654 International time in 1928 Greenwich
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00403-00099655-00099873 Mean Time was rebranded for scientific
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00404-00099874-00100037 purposes by the International
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00405-00100038-00100311 Astronomical Union as Universal Time ut
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00406-00100312-00100578 this was to avoid confusion with the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00407-00100579-00100763 previous system where the day had begun
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00408-00100764-00101040 at noon as the general public had always
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00409-00101041-00101247 begun the day at midnight the timescale
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00410-00101248-00101405 continued to be presented to them as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00411-00101406-00101790 Greenwich Mean Time by 1956 Universal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00412-00101791-00101916 Time had been split into various
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00413-00101917-00102204 versions ut to which smooth for polar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00414-00102205-00102380 motion and seasonal effects was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00415-00102381-00102546 presented to the public as Greenwich
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00416-00102547-00102893 Mean Time later ut1 which smooths only
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00417-00102894-00103113 for polar motion became the default form
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00418-00103114-00103350 of U T used by astronomers and hence the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00419-00103351-00103575 form used in navigation sunrise and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00420-00103576-00103800 sunset and moon rise and moon set tables
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00421-00103801-00103926 where the name Greenwich Mean Time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00422-00103927-00104219 continues to be employed Greenwich Mean
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00423-00104220-00104414 Time is also the preferred method of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00424-00104415-00104588 describing the time scale used by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00425-00104589-00104915 legislators even to the present day ut
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00426-00104916-00105089 is still based on an international
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00427-00105090-00105377 telescopic system observations at the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00428-00105378-00105586 Greenwich Observatory itself ceased in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00429-00105588-00105854 1954 though the location is still used
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00430-00105855-00106047 as the basis for the coordinate system
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00431-00106048-00106304 because the rotational period of Earth
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00432-00106305-00106535 is not perfectly constant the duration
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00433-00106536-00106743 of a second would vary if calibrated to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00434-00106744-00106976 a telescope based standard like GMT
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00435-00106977-00107327 where the second is defined as 180 6400
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00436-00107328-00107658 of the mean solar day for the better
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00437-00107658-00107873 part of the first century following the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00438-00107874-00108185 International Meridian conference until
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00439-00108186-00108434 1960 the methods and definitions of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00440-00108435-00108597 timekeeping that had been laid out at
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00441-00108598-00108764 the conference proved to be adequate to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00442-00108765-00108952 meet time tracking needs of science
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00443-00108953-00109269 still with the advent of the electronic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00444-00109270-00109494 revolution in the latter half of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00445-00109495-00109733 20th century the technologies that had
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00446-00109734-00109872 been available at the time of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00447-00109873-00110046 convention of the metre proved to be in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00448-00110047-00110226 need of further refinement in order to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00449-00110227-00110325 meet the needs of the ever increasing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00450-00110326-00110597 precision that the electronic revolution
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00451-00110598-00111203 had begun to require
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00452-00111204-00111703 topic the ephemeris second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00453-00111704-00111979 an invariable second thought ephemeris
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00454-00111980-00112220 second had been defined use of which
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00455-00112221-00112390 removed the errors in FM era t's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00456-00112391-00112564 resulting from the use of the variable
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00457-00112565-00112777 means Soler second as the time argument
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00458-00112778-00113101 in 1960 this ephemeris second was made
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00459-00113102-00113372 the basis of the coordinated Universal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00460-00113373-00113629 Time which was being derived from atomic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00461-00113630-00113897 clocks it is a specified fraction of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00462-00113898-00114160 mean tropical year as at 1900 and being
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00463-00114161-00114328 based on historical telescope
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00464-00114329-00114562 observations corresponds roughly to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00465-00114563-00114760 mean solar second of the early 19th
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00466-00114761-00115272 century
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00467-00115273-00115775 topic the SI second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00468-00115776-00116110 in 1967 a further step was taken with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00469-00116111-00116291 the introduction of the SI second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00470-00116292-00116477 essentially the ephemeris second as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00471-00116478-00116686 measured by atomic clocks and formally
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00472-00116688-00117038 defined in atomic terms the SI second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00473-00117039-00117269 standard Internacional second is based
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00474-00117270-00117425 directly on the measurement of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00475-00117426-00117602 atomic clock observation of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00476-00117603-00117902 frequency oscillation of cesium atoms it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00477-00117903-00118186 is the basis of all atomic timescales eg
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00478-00118188-00118457 coordinated universal time GPS time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00479-00118458-00118820 international atomic time etc atomic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00480-00118821-00119011 clocks do not measure nuclear decay
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00481-00119013-00119161 rates which is a common misconception
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00482-00119163-00119383 but rather measure a certain natural
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00483-00119384-00119760 vibrational frequency of cesium 133
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00484-00119761-00120029 coordinated Universal Time as subject to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00485-00120030-00120224 one constraint which does not affect the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00486-00120225-00120508 other atomic timescales as it has been
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00487-00120509-00120719 adopted as the civil timescale by some
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00488-00120720-00120908 countries most countries have opted to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00489-00120908-00121091 retain mean solar time it is not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00490-00121092-00121322 permitted to deviate from GMT by more
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00491-00121323-00121640 than 0.9 second this is achieved by the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00492-00121641-00122269 occasional insertion of a leap second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00493-00122270-00122895 topic current application of UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00494-00122896-00123140 most countries use mean solar time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00495-00123141-00123453 Australia Canada Quebec only Columbia
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00496-00123454-00123720 France Germany New Zealand Papua New
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00497-00123721-00123930 Guinea Bougainville only Paraguay
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00498-00123931-00124197 Portugal Switzerland the United States
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00499-00124198-00124400 and Venezuela use UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00500-00124401-00124695 however UTC is widely used by the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00501-00124696-00124905 scientific community in countries where
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00502-00124906-00125250 means solar time is official UTC time is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00503-00125251-00125459 based on the SI second which was first
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00504-00125460-00125754 defined in 1967 and is based on the use
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00505-00125755-00126051 of atomic clocks some other less used
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00506-00126052-00126255 but closely related time standards
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00507-00126256-00126485 include international atomic time Thai
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00508-00126486-00126678 terrestrial time and barycentric
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00509-00126679-00127251 dynamical time between 1967 and 1971 UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00510-00127252-00127476 was periodically adjusted by fractional
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00511-00127477-00127668 amounts of a second in order to adjust
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00512-00127669-00127883 and refine for variations in mean solar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00513-00127884-00128154 time with which it is aligned after the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00514-00128155-00128523 1st of January 1972 UTC time has been
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00515-00128524-00128748 defined as being offset from atomic time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00516-00128749-00128946 by a whole number of seconds changing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00517-00128947-00129134 only when a leap second is added to keep
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00518-00129135-00129294 radio-controlled clocks synchronized
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00519-00129295-00129579 with the rotation of the earth the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00520-00129580-00129768 global positioning system also
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00521-00129769-00129990 broadcasts a very precise time signal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00522-00129991-00130176 worldwide along with instructions for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00523-00130177-00130605 converting GPS time to UTC GPS time is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00524-00130606-00130821 based on and regularly synchronized with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00525-00130822-00131184 or from UTC time Earth is split up into
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00526-00131185-00131445 a number of time zones most time zones
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00527-00131446-00131640 are exactly one hour apart and by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00528-00131641-00131832 convention compute their local time as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00529-00131833-00132159 an offset from GMT for example time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00530-00132160-00132486 zones at sea are based on GMT in many
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00531-00132487-00132720 locations but not at sea these offsets
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00532-00132721-00132951 vary twice yearly due to daylight saving
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00533-00132952-00133294 time transitions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00534-00133295-00133492 time conversions these conversions are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00535-00133493-00133684 accurate at the millisecond level for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00536-00133685-00133930 time systems involving earth rotation u
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00537-00133931-00134272 t1 and TT conversions between atomic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00538-00134273-00134677 time systems ty GPS and UTC are accurate
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00539-00134678-00135557 at the microsecond level definitions LS
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00540-00135558-00136200 topic tie UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00541-00136201-00136506 leap seconds from HTTP colon slash slash
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00542-00136507-00136920 Maya dot USNO Navy dot mil / Azhar 7 /
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00543-00136921-00137595 tie - UDC dad d u t1 equals u t1 UTC
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00544-00137596-00137879 from HTTP colon slash slash Maya dot
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00545-00137880-00138321 USNO Navy dot mil / Azhar 7 / s er 7 @
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00546-00138322-00138732 or HTTP colon slash slash Maya USNO Navy
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00547-00138733-00139626 dot mil slash search search HTML equals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00548-00139627-00140189 topic side irreal time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00549-00140190-00140541 equals unlike solar time which is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00550-00140542-00140730 relative to the apparent position of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00551-00140731-00140949 Sun sidereal time as the measurement of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00552-00140950-00141123 time relative to that of a distant star
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00553-00141124-00141453 in astronomy sidereal time is used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00554-00141454-00141597 predict when a star will reach its
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00555-00141598-00141837 highest point in the sky due to Earth's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00556-00141838-00142047 orbital motion around the Sun a mean
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00557-00142048-00142284 solar day is about three minutes 56
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00558-00142285-00142488 seconds longer than a mean sidereal day
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00559-00142489-00142833 or one 366th more than a mean sidereal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00560-00142834-00143012 day
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00561-00143013-00143433 equals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00562-00143434-00143966 topic chronology
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00563-00143967-00144333 equals another form of time measurement
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00564-00144334-00144627 consists of studying the past events in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00565-00144628-00144810 the past can be ordered in a sequence
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00566-00144811-00145017 creating a chronology and can be put
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00567-00145018-00145238 into chronological groups periodization
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00568-00145239-00145500 one of the most important systems of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00569-00145501-00145746 periodization as the geologic time scale
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00570-00145747-00145950 which is a system of period izing the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00571-00145951-00146132 events that shape the earth in its life
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00572-00146133-00146391 chronology periodization an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00573-00146392-00146577 interpretation of the past are together
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00574-00146578-00146890 known as the study of history
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00575-00146891-00147311 equals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00576-00147312-00148002 topic timelike concept terminology
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00577-00148003-00148461 equals the term time is generally used
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00578-00148462-00148680 for many clothes but different concepts
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00579-00148681-00149007 including instant is an object one point
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00580-00149008-00149121 on the time axis
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00581-00149122-00149496 being an object it has no value time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00582-00149497-00149682 interval is an object part of the time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00583-00149683-00149982 axis limited by two instants being an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00584-00149983-00150276 object it has no value date is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00585-00150277-00150543 quantity characterizing an instant as a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00586-00150544-00150744 quantity it has a value which may be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00587-00150745-00150948 expressed in a variety of ways for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00588-00150949-00151284 example the 26th of April 2014
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00589-00151285-00151824 t9 hours 42 minutes and 36 seconds 75 in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00590-00151825-00152088 ISO standard format or more colloquially
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00591-00152089-00152655 such as today 942 am duration is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00592-00152656-00152862 quantity characterizing a time interval
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00593-00152863-00153153 as a quantity it has a value such as a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00594-00153154-00153360 number of minutes or may be described in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00595-00153361-00153549 terms of the quantities such as times
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00596-00153550-00154229 and dates of its beginning and end
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00597-00154230-00154723 topic religion
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00598-00154724-00155063 you
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00599-00155064-00155667 topic linear and cyclically time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00600-00155668-00155922 ancient cultures such as Incan Mayan
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00601-00155923-00156150 Hopi and other Native American tribes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00602-00156151-00156372 plus the Babylonians ancient Greeks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00603-00156373-00156639 Hinduism Buddhism Jainism and others
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00604-00156640-00156861 have a concept of a Wheel of Time they
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00605-00156862-00157071 regard time as cyclically and Quantic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00606-00157072-00157284 consisting of repeating ages that happen
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00607-00157285-00157443 to every being of the universe between
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00608-00157444-00157665 birth and extinction in general the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00609-00157666-00157875 Islamic and judeo-christian worldview
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00610-00157876-00158261 regards time as linear and directional
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00611-00158262-00158484 beginning with the act of creation by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00612-00158485-00158775 God the traditional Christian view sees
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00613-00158776-00159072 time ending teleologically with the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00614-00159073-00159273 eschatological end of the present order
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00615-00159274-00159554 of things the end time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00616-00159555-00159818 in the Old Testament book Ecclesiastes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00617-00159819-00162019 traditionally ascribed to Solomon
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00618-00162020-00162877 972-920-6604
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00619-00162878-00163460 topic time in Greek mythology
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00620-00163461-00163706 the Greek language denotes two distinct
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00621-00163707-00163988 principles Chronos and Kairos the former
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00622-00163989-00164234 refers to numeric or chronological time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00623-00164235-00164491 the latter literally the right or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00624-00164492-00164791 opportune moment relates specifically to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00625-00164792-00165040 metaphysical or divine time in theology
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00626-00165041-00165289 Kairos is qualitative as opposed to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00627-00165290-00165536 quantitative in Greek mythology Chronos
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00628-00165537-00165775 ancient Greek Chronos is identified as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00629-00165776-00166058 the personification of time his name in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00630-00166059-00166351 Greek means time and is alternatively
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00631-00166352-00166603 spelled Cronus Latin spelling or Chronos
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00632-00166604-00166859 Chronos is usually portrayed as an old
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00633-00166860-00167108 wise man with a long gray beard such as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00634-00167109-00167423 father time some English words whose
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00635-00167424-00167648 etymological root is Chronos Chronos
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00636-00167649-00167894 include chronology chronometer chronic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00637-00167895-00168619 anachronism synchronized and chronicle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00638-00168620-00169140 topic time in Kabbalah
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00639-00169141-00169461 according to Kabbalists time is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00640-00169462-00169719 paradox in an illusion both the future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00641-00169720-00169890 in the past are recognized to be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00642-00169891-00170601 combined and simultaneously present
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00643-00170602-00171128 topic philosophy
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00644-00171129-00171365 two contrasting viewpoints on time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00645-00171366-00171633 divide prominent philosophers one view
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00646-00171634-00171824 is that time is part of the fundamental
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00647-00171825-00172016 structure of the universe a dimension
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00648-00172017-00172218 independent of events in which events
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00649-00172219-00172463 occur in sequence Isaac Newton
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00650-00172464-00172649 subscribed to this realist view and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00651-00172650-00172818 hence it is sometimes referred to as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00652-00172819-00173153 Newtonian time the opposing view is that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00653-00173154-00173327 time does not refer to any kind of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00654-00173328-00173660 container that events and objects move
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00655-00173661-00174050 through nor to any entity that flows but
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00656-00174051-00174246 that it is instead part of a fundamental
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00657-00174247-00174428 intellectual structure together with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00658-00174429-00174611 space and number within which human
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00659-00174612-00174899 sequence and compare events this second
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00660-00174900-00175076 view in the tradition of Gottfried
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00661-00175077-00175304 Leibniz in Immanuel Kant holds that time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00662-00175305-00175506 is neither an event nor a thing and thus
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00663-00175507-00175703 is not itself measurable nor can it be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00664-00175704-00175983 traveled furthermore it may be that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00665-00175984-00176169 there is a subjective component of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00666-00176170-00176409 but whether or not time itself as felt
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00667-00176410-00176684 as a sensation or as a judgment is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00668-00176685-00176900 matter of debate debate is the earliest
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00669-00176901-00177128 texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00670-00177129-00177347 philosophy dating back to the late 2nd
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00671-00177348-00177584 millennium BC described ancient Hindu
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00672-00177585-00177795 cosmology in which the universe goes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00673-00177796-00177947 through repeated cycles of creation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00674-00177948-00178206 destruction and rebirth with each cycle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00675-00178207-00178557 lasting 4,000 320 million years ancient
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00676-00178558-00178772 Greek philosophers including Parmenides
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00677-00178773-00178961 and Heraclitus wrote essays on the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00678-00178962-00179159 nature of time plato in the Timaeus
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00679-00179160-00179372 identified time with the period of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00680-00179373-00179663 motion of the heavenly bodies Aristotle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00681-00179664-00179909 in book IV of his physical defined time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00682-00179910-00180104 as number of movement in respect of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00683-00180105-00180309 before and after in book 11 of his
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00684-00180310-00180491 confessions st. Augustine of Hippo
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00685-00180492-00180728 ruminates on the nature of time asking
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00686-00180729-00181020 what then is time if no one asks me I
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00687-00181021-00181262 know if I wish to explain it to one that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00688-00181263-00181581 asketh I know not he begins to define
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00689-00181582-00181751 time by what it is not rather than what
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00690-00181752-00182046 it is an approach similar to that taken
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00691-00182047-00182283 in other negative definitions however
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00692-00182284-00182507 Augustine ends up calling time'
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00693-00182508-00182781 distension of the mind confessions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00694-00182782-00182975 eleven point two six by which we
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00695-00182976-00183215 simultaneously grasp the past in memory
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00696-00183216-00183422 the present by attention and the future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00697-00183423-00183728 by expectation this view is shared by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00698-00183729-00183926 Abrahamic faiths as they believe time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00699-00183927-00184148 started by creation therefore the only
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00700-00184149-00184320 thing being infinite as God and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00701-00184321-00184516 everything else including time is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00702-00184517-00184840 finite Isaac Newton believed in absolute
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00703-00184841-00184993 space and absolute time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00704-00184994-00185191 Leibniz believed that time and space are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00705-00185192-00185437 relational the differences between
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00706-00185438-00185662 Leibniz and Newton's interpretations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00707-00185663-00185851 came to a head in the famous Leibniz
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00708-00185852-00186178 Clarke correspondence Immanuel Kant in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00709-00186179-00186373 the critique of Pure Reason described
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00710-00186374-00186571 time as an a priori intuition that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00711-00186572-00186724 allows us together with the other a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00712-00186725-00186967 priori intuition space to comprehend
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00713-00186968-00187231 Sense experience with Conte
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00714-00187232-00187453 neither space nor time are conceived as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00715-00187454-00187675 substances but rather both are elements
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00716-00187676-00187867 of a systematic mental framework that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00717-00187868-00188092 necessarily structures the experiences
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00718-00188093-00188284 of any rational agent or observing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00719-00188285-00188530 subject Khan thought of time is a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00720-00188531-00188704 fundamental part of an abstract
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00721-00188705-00188929 conceptual framework together with space
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00722-00188930-00189115 and number within which we sequence
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00723-00189116-00189301 events quantify their duration and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00724-00189302-00189574 compare the motions of objects in this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00725-00189575-00189796 view time does not refer to any kind of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00726-00189797-00190135 entity that flows that objects moved
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00727-00190136-00190420 through or that is a container for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00728-00190421-00190705 events spatial measurements are used to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00729-00190706-00190891 quantify the extent of in distances
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00730-00190892-00191056 between objects and temporal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00731-00191057-00191209 measurements are used to quantify the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00732-00191210-00191512 durations of in between events time was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00733-00191513-00191722 designated by Cantus the purest possible
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00734-00191723-00192015 schema of a pure concept or category on
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00735-00192016-00192274 re Bergson believed that time was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00736-00192275-00192499 neither a real homogeneous medium nor a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00737-00192500-00192703 mental construct but possesses what he
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00738-00192704-00192967 referred to as duration duration in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00739-00192968-00193213 Bergson's view was creativity in memory
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00740-00193214-00193440 as an essential component of reality
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00741-00193441-00193681 according to Martin Heidegger we do not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00742-00193682-00193996 exist inside time we are time hence the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00743-00193997-00194200 relationship to the past as a present
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00744-00194201-00194368 awareness of having been which allows
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00745-00194369-00194626 the past to exist in the present the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00746-00194627-00194821 relationship to the future as the state
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00747-00194822-00195001 of anticipating a potential possibility
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00748-00195002-00195364 task or engagement it is related to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00749-00195365-00195541 human propensity for caring and being
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00750-00195542-00195790 concerned which causes being ahead of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00751-00195791-00196030 oneself when thinking of a pending
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00752-00196031-00196270 occurrence therefore this concern for a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00753-00196271-00196462 potential occurrence also allows the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00754-00196463-00196702 future to exist in the present the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00755-00196703-00196909 present becomes an experience which is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00756-00196910-00197121 qualitative instead of quantitative
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00757-00197122-00197350 Heidegger seems to think this is the way
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00758-00197351-00197557 that a linear relationship with time or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00759-00197558-00197755 temporal existence is broken or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00760-00197756-00197880 transcendent
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00761-00197881-00198147 we are not stuck in sequential time we
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00762-00198148-00198309 are able to remember the past and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00763-00198310-00198519 project into the future we have a kind
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00764-00198520-00198744 of random access to our representation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00765-00198745-00198870 of temporal existence
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00766-00198871-00199044 we can in our thoughts step out of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00767-00199045-00199667 Ecstasy sequential time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00768-00199668-00200313 topic time s unreal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00769-00200314-00200601 in fifth century BC Greece antiphon the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00770-00200602-00200787 Sophists in a fragment preserved from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00771-00200788-00201024 his chief work on truth felled that time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00772-00201025-00201291 is not a reality hypostasis but a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00773-00201292-00201498 concept Noma or a measure
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00774-00201499-00201843 Metron Parmenides went further
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00775-00201844-00202083 maintaining that time motion and change
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00776-00202084-00202293 were illusions leading to the paradoxes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00777-00202294-00202569 of his followers inna time is an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00778-00202570-00202758 illusion is also a common theme in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00779-00202759-00203163 Buddhist thought JME McTaggart 1908 the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00780-00203164-00203378 unreality of time argues that since
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00781-00203379-00203571 every event has the characteristic of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00782-00203572-00203778 being both present and not present ie
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00783-00203779-00203982 future or past that time as a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00784-00203983-00204207 self-contradictory idea see also the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00785-00204208-00204471 flow of time these arguments often
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00786-00204472-00204648 Center on what it means for something to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00787-00204649-00204954 be unreal modern physicists generally
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00788-00204955-00205134 believe that time as is real is space
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00789-00205135-00205359 though others such as Julian Barbour in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00790-00205360-00205538 his book the end of time argue that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00791-00205539-00205734 quantum equations of the universe take
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00792-00205735-00205908 their true form when expressed in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00793-00205909-00206117 timeless realm containing every possible
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00794-00206119-00206339 now or momentary configuration of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00795-00206340-00206567 universe called Plutonia by Barbour a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00796-00206569-00206759 modern philosophical theory called
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00797-00206760-00206942 present ISM views the past in the future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00798-00206944-00207156 as human mind interpretations of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00799-00207157-00207341 movement instead of real parts of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00800-00207342-00207657 or dimensions which coexist with the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00801-00207658-00207860 present this theory rejects the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00802-00207861-00208067 existence of all direct interaction with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00803-00208069-00208217 the past or the future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00804-00208219-00208384 holding only the present is tangible
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00805-00208385-00208623 this is one of the philosophical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00806-00208623-00208830 arguments against time travel this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00807-00208831-00209042 contrasts with eternalism all time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00808-00209044-00209309 present past and future is real and the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00809-00209310-00209502 growing Bloch theory the present and the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00810-00209503-00210198 past are real but the future is not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00811-00210200-00210753 topic physical definition
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00812-00210754-00211023 until Einsteins reinterpretation of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00813-00211023-00211251 physical concepts associated with time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00814-00211252-00211448 and space time was considered to be the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00815-00211450-00211632 same everywhere in the universe with all
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00816-00211633-00211809 observers measuring the same time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00817-00211810-00212102 interval for any event nonrelativistic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00818-00212103-00212328 classical mechanics is based on this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00819-00212329-00212667 newtonian idea of time Einstein in his
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00820-00212667-00213015 special theory of relativity postulated
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00821-00213016-00213194 the constancy and finiteness of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00822-00213196-00213444 speed of light for all observers he
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00823-00213444-00213633 showed that this postulate together with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00824-00213634-00213801 a reasonable definition for what it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00825-00213802-00214008 means for two events to be simultaneous
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00826-00214009-00214188 requires that distances appear
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00827-00214189-00214365 compressed and time intervals appear
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00828-00214366-00214542 lengthened for events associated with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00829-00214542-00214719 objects in motion relative to an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00830-00214719-00215010 inertial observer the theory of special
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00831-00215011-00215184 relativity finds a convenient
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00832-00215185-00215430 formulation in Minkowski space-time a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00833-00215431-00215616 mathematical structure that combines
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00834-00215617-00215790 three dimensions of space with a single
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00835-00215791-00216063 dimension of time in this formalism
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00836-00216064-00216291 distances in space can be measured by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00837-00216292-00216462 how long like takes to travel that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00838-00216463-00216708 distance eg a Lightyear is a measure of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00839-00216709-00216927 distance and a meter is now defined in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00840-00216928-00217104 terms of how far light travels in a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00841-00217105-00217356 certain amount of time to events in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00842-00217357-00217592 Minkowski space-time are separated by an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00843-00217594-00217773 invariant interval which can be either
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00844-00217773-00218017 space like light like or time like
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00845-00218019-00218262 events that have a time like separation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00846-00218263-00218498 cannot be simultaneous in any frame of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00847-00218500-00218679 reference there must be a temporal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00848-00218680-00218907 component and possibly a spatial one to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00849-00218908-00219129 their separation events that have a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00850-00219130-00219285 space like separation will be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00851-00219286-00219507 simultaneous in some frame of reference
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00852-00219508-00219681 and there is no frame of reference in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00853-00219682-00219821 which they do not have a spatial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00854-00219823-00220073 separation different observers may
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00855-00220075-00220239 calculate different distances and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00856-00220240-00220421 different time intervals between two
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00857-00220423-00220578 events but the invariant interval
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00858-00220579-00220785 between the events is independent of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00859-00220786-00221442 observer and his or her velocity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00860-00221444-00222002 topic classical mechanics
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00861-00222003-00222284 in nonrelativistic classical mechanics
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00862-00222285-00222560 Newton's concept of relative apparent
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00863-00222561-00222815 and common time can be used in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00864-00222816-00222992 formulation of a prescription for the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00865-00222992-00223292 synchronization of clocks events seen by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00866-00223292-00223466 two different observers in motion
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00867-00223467-00223631 relative to each other produce a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00868-00223632-00223841 mathematical concept of time that works
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00869-00223842-00224021 sufficiently well for describing the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00870-00224021-00224194 everyday phenomena of most people's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00871-00224196-00224441 experience in the late nineteenth
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00872-00224442-00224675 century physicists encountered problems
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00873-00224676-00224867 with the classical understanding of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00874-00224867-00225035 in connection with the behavior of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00875-00225036-00225305 electricity and magnetism Einstein
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00876-00225306-00225521 resolved these problems by invoking a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00877-00225521-00225721 method of synchronizing clocks using the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00878-00225723-00225905 constant finite speed of light as the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00879-00225906-00226184 maximum signal velocity this led
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00880-00226185-00226394 directly to the result that observers in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00881-00226394-00226580 motion relative to one another measure
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00882-00226581-00226757 different elapsed times for the same
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00883-00226758-00227273 event
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00884-00227275-00227780 topic space-time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00885-00227781-00228014 time has historically been closely
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00886-00228015-00228173 related with space the two together
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00887-00228173-00228383 merging into space-time in Einstein's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00888-00228384-00228521 special relativity and general
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00889-00228521-00228817 relativity according to these theories
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00890-00228819-00229007 the concept of time depends on the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00891-00229008-00229196 spatial reference frame of the observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00892-00229196-00229394 and the human perception as well as the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00893-00229394-00229538 measurement by instruments such as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00894-00229539-00229727 clocks are different for observers in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00895-00229728-00229988 relative motion for example if a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00896-00229989-00230189 spaceship carrying a clock flies through
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00897-00230190-00230378 space at very nearly the speed of light
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00898-00230379-00230596 its crew does not notice a change in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00899-00230598-00230777 speed of time onboard their vessel
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00900-00230778-00230954 because everything traveling at the same
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00901-00230955-00231119 speed slows down at the same rate
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00902-00231119-00231317 including the clock the crews thought
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00903-00231317-00231494 processes and the functions of their
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00904-00231494-00231779 bodies however to a stationary observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00905-00231780-00232001 watching the spaceship flyby the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00906-00232002-00232163 spaceship appears flattened in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00907-00232164-00232340 direction it is traveling and the clock
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00908-00232341-00232519 on board the spaceship appears to move
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00909-00232521-00232835 very slowly on the other hand the crew
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00910-00232836-00233036 on board the spaceship also perceives
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00911-00233037-00233204 the observer as slowed down and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00912-00233205-00233396 flattened along the spaceships direction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00913-00233396-00233567 of travel because both are moving at
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00914-00233567-00233753 very nearly the speed of light relative
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00915-00233754-00233981 to each other because the outside
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00916-00233982-00234142 universe appears flattened to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00917-00234144-00234346 spaceship the crew perceives themselves
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00918-00234348-00234560 as quickly traveling between regions of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00919-00234561-00234713 space that to the stationary observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00920-00234714-00235007 are many light-years apart this is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00921-00235008-00235196 reconciled by the fact that the crews
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00922-00235196-00235391 perception of time is different from the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00923-00235392-00235583 stationary observers what seems like
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00924-00235584-00235769 seconds to the crew might be hundreds of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00925-00235769-00236021 years to the stationary observer in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00926-00236021-00236252 either case however causality remains
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00927-00236253-00236462 unchanged the past is the set of events
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00928-00236463-00236657 that can send light signals to an entity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00929-00236658-00236855 and the future is the set of events to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00930-00236856-00237516 which an entity can send light signals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00931-00237517-00238046 topic time dilation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00932-00238048-00238230 Einstein showed in his thought
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00933-00238231-00238428 experiments that people traveling at
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00934-00238429-00238619 different speeds while agreeing on cause
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00935-00238621-00238788 and effect measured different time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00936-00238789-00238998 separations between events and can even
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00937-00238998-00239166 observe different chronological
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00938-00239167-00239331 orderings between non causally related
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00939-00239332-00239580 events though these effects are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00940-00239581-00239744 typically minut in the human experience
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00941-00239746-00240000 the effect becomes much more pronounced
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00942-00240001-00240162 for objects moving at speeds approaching
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00943-00240163-00240482 the speed of light subatomic particles
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00944-00240483-00240692 exist for a well known average fraction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00945-00240694-00240903 of a second in a lab relatively at rest
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00946-00240904-00241092 but when traveling close to the speed of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00947-00241092-00241242 light they are measured to travel
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00948-00241242-00241428 farther and exist for much longer than
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00949-00241429-00241682 when at rest according to the special
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00950-00241683-00241887 theory of relativity in the high-speed
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00951-00241888-00242115 particles frame of reference it exists
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00952-00242116-00242313 on the average for a standard amount of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00953-00242314-00242510 time known as its mean lifetime and the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00954-00242511-00242717 distance it travels in that time is zero
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00955-00242719-00243000 because it's velocity is zero relative
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00956-00243001-00243219 to a frame of reference at rest time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00957-00243219-00243519 seems to slow down for the particle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00958-00243519-00243714 relative to the high-speed particle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00959-00243715-00243932 distances seem to shorten Einstein
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00960-00243933-00244125 showed how both temporal and spatial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00961-00244126-00244419 dimensions can be altered or warped by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00962-00244419-00244740 high-speed motion Einstein the meaning
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00963-00244741-00245025 of relativity to events taking place at
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00964-00245026-00245273 the points a and B of a system K are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00965-00245275-00245502 simultaneous if they appear at the same
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00966-00245503-00245688 instant when observed from the middle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00967-00245689-00246063 point M of the interval a B time is then
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00968-00246064-00246230 defined as the ensemble of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00969-00246231-00246485 indications of similar clocks at rest
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00970-00246486-00246746 relative to K which register the same
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00971-00246746-00247001 simultaneously
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00972-00247002-00247253 Einstein wrote in his book relativity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00973-00247254-00247523 that simultaneity is also relative ie
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00974-00247523-00247739 two events that appear simultaneous to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00975-00247740-00247934 an observer in a particular inertial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00976-00247935-00248110 reference frame need not be judged as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00977-00248111-00248327 simultaneous by a second observer in a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00978-00248328-00248977 different inertial frame of reference
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00979-00248978-00249334 topic relativistic time versus Newtonian
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00980-00249335-00249688 time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00981-00249689-00249937 the animations visualize the different
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00982-00249938-00250117 treatments of time in the Newtonian and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00983-00250117-00250374 the relativistic descriptions at the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00984-00250375-00250521 heart of these differences are the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00985-00250523-00250722 Galilean and Lorentz transformations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00986-00250723-00250888 applicable in the Newtonian and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00987-00250889-00251126 relativistic theories respectively in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00988-00251127-00251389 the figures the vertical Direction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00989-00251390-00251641 indicates time the horizontal Direction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00990-00251642-00251856 indicates distance only one spatial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00991-00251857-00252054 dimension is taken into account and the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00992-00252055-00252217 thick dashed curve is the space-time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00993-00252217-00252514 trajectory world line of the observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00994-00252515-00252771 the small dots indicate specific past
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00995-00252773-00253077 and future events in space-time the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00996-00253078-00253294 slope of the world line deviation from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00997-00253294-00253434 being vertical gives the relative
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00998-00253435-00253725 velocity to the observer note how in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-00999-00253726-00253896 both pictures the view of space-time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01000-00253898-00254126 changes when the observer accelerates in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01001-00254127-00254424 the Newtonian description these changes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01002-00254425-00254598 are such that time is absolute the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01003-00254599-00254751 movements of the observer do not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01004-00254752-00254934 influence whether an event occurs in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01005-00254935-00255159 that now ie whether an event passes the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01006-00255160-00255369 horizontal line through the observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01007-00255369-00255606 however in the relativistic description
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01008-00255607-00255873 the observability of events as absolute
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01009-00255874-00256035 the movements of the observer do not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01010-00256036-00256221 influence whether an event passes the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01011-00256223-00256537 light cone of the observer notice that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01012-00256538-00256707 with the change from a Newtonian to a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01013-00256708-00256935 relativistic description the concept of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01014-00256936-00257124 absolute time is no longer applicable
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01015-00257125-00257338 events move up and down in the figure
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01016-00257339-00257512 depending on the acceleration of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01017-00257513-00258044 observer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01018-00258046-00258552 topic arrow of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01019-00258553-00258787 time appears to have a direction the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01020-00258788-00258969 past lies behind fixed and immutable
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01021-00258970-00259185 while the future lies ahead and is not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01022-00259186-00259470 necessarily fixed yet for the most part
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01023-00259471-00259680 the laws of physics do not specify an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01024-00259681-00259884 arrow of time and allow any process to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01025-00259885-00260169 proceed both forward and in reverse this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01026-00260170-00260391 is generally a consequence of time being
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01027-00260392-00260580 modeled by a parameter in the system
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01028-00260581-00260820 being analyzed where there is no proper
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01029-00260821-00261063 time the direction of the arrow of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01030-00261064-00261342 is sometimes arbitrary examples of this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01031-00261343-00261567 include the cosmological arrow of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01032-00261568-00261834 which points away from the Big Bang CPT
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01033-00261835-00262053 symmetry and the radiative arrow of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01034-00262054-00262272 caused by light only traveling forwards
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01035-00262273-00262551 in time see light cone in particle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01036-00262552-00262764 physics the violation of CP symmetry
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01037-00262765-00262935 implies that there should be a small
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01038-00262936-00263139 counter balancing time asymmetry to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01039-00263140-00263376 preserve CP T symmetry as stated above
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01040-00263377-00263662 the standard description of measurement
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01041-00263663-00263856 in quantum mechanics has also time a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01042-00263857-00264033 symmetric C measurement in quantum
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01043-00264034-00264284 mechanics the second law of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01044-00264285-00264507 thermodynamics states that entropy must
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01045-00264508-00264816 increase over time see entropy this can
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01046-00264817-00264993 be in either direction Brian Greene
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01047-00264994-00265152 theorizes that according to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01048-00265153-00265368 equations the change in entropy occurs
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01049-00265369-00265563 symmetrically whether going forward or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01050-00265564-00265837 backward in time so entropy tends to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01051-00265838-00265998 increase in either direction and our
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01052-00265999-00266172 current low entropy universe as a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01053-00266173-00266382 statistical aberration in the similar
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01054-00266383-00266565 manner as tossing a coin often enough
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01055-00266566-00266748 that eventually heads will result ten
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01056-00266749-00267039 times in a row however this theory is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01057-00267040-00267231 not supported empirically in local
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01058-00267232-00267733 experiment
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01059-00267734-00268266 topic quantized time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01060-00268267-00268484 time quantisation as a hypothetical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01061-00268485-00268733 concept in the modern established
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01062-00268734-00268950 physical theories the standard model of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01063-00268951-00269159 particles and interactions and general
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01064-00269160-00269499 relativity time is not quantized Planck
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01065-00269500-00269889 time approximately 5.4 times 10 minus 44
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01066-00269890-00270083 seconds is the unit of time in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01067-00270084-00270291 system of natural units known as Planck
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01068-00270292-00270560 units current established physical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01069-00270561-00270723 theories are believed to fail at this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01070-00270724-00270953 timescale and many physicists expect
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01071-00270954-00271089 that the Planck time might be the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01072-00271090-00271269 smallest unit of time that could ever be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01073-00271270-00271550 measured even in principle tentative
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01074-00271551-00271730 physical theories that describe this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01075-00271731-00271965 timescale exist see for instance loop
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01076-00271966-00272560 quantum gravity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01077-00272561-00273094 topic time travel
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01078-00273095-00273340 time-travel is the concept of moving
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01079-00273341-00273517 backwards or forwards to different
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01080-00273518-00273732 points in time in a manner analogous to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01081-00273733-00273901 moving through space and different from
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01082-00273902-00274201 the normal flow of time to an earthbound
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01083-00274202-00274479 observer in this view all points in time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01084-00274480-00274819 including future times persist in some
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01085-00274820-00275053 way time travel has been a plot device
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01086-00275054-00275295 in fiction since the 19th century
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01087-00275296-00275545 traveling backwards in time has never
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01088-00275546-00275794 been verified presents many theoretical
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01089-00275795-00276084 problems and may be an impossibility any
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01090-00276085-00276309 technological device whether fictional
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01091-00276310-00276490 or hypothetical that is used to achieve
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01092-00276491-00276779 time travel as known as a time machine a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01093-00276780-00277032 central problem with time travel to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01094-00277033-00277249 past as the violation of causality
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01095-00277250-00277441 should in effect precede its cause it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01096-00277442-00277639 would give rise to the possibility of a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01097-00277640-00277945 temporal paradox some interpretations of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01098-00277946-00278167 time travel resolved this by accepting
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01099-00278168-00278374 the possibility of travel between branch
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01100-00278375-00278673 points parallel realities or universes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01101-00278674-00278917 another solution to the problem of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01102-00278918-00279151 causality based temporal paradoxes is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01103-00279152-00279381 that such paradoxes cannot arise simply
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01104-00279382-00279576 because they have not arisen as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01105-00279577-00279799 illustrated in numerous works of fiction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01106-00279800-00280029 free will either ceases to exist in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01107-00280030-00280252 past or the outcomes of such decisions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01108-00280253-00280513 are predetermined as such it would not
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01109-00280514-00280690 be possible to enact the grandfather
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01110-00280691-00280924 paradox because it is a historical fact
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01111-00280925-00281095 that your grandfather was not killed
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01112-00281096-00281259 before his child your parent was
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01113-00281260-00281535 conceived this view doesn't simply hold
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01114-00281536-00281757 that history as an unchangeable constant
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01115-00281758-00281896 but that any change made by a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01116-00281897-00282115 hypothetical future time traveler would
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01117-00282116-00282295 already have happened in his or her past
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01118-00282296-00282478 resulting in the reality that the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01119-00282479-00282753 traveler moves from more elaboration on
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01120-00282754-00282933 this view can be found in the Novikov
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01121-00282934-00283603 self-consistency principle
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01122-00283604-00284150 topic time perception
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01123-00284151-00284387 the specious present refers to the time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01124-00284388-00284588 duration wherein one's perceptions are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01125-00284589-00284804 considered to be in the present the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01126-00284805-00284981 experienced present is said to be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01127-00284982-00285182 specious in that unlike the objective
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01128-00285183-00285347 present it is an interval and not a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01129-00285348-00285626 duration 'less instant the term specious
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01130-00285627-00285791 present was first introduced by the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01131-00285792-00286109 psychologist er clay and later developed
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01132-00286110-00286682 by William James
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01133-00286683-00287224 topic biopsychology
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01134-00287225-00287470 the brain's judgment of time is known to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01135-00287471-00287695 be a highly distributed system including
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01136-00287696-00287947 at least the cerebral cortex cerebellum
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01137-00287948-00288244 and basal ganglia as its components one
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01138-00288245-00288439 particular component the suprachiasmatic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01139-00288440-00288721 nuclei is responsible for the circadian
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01140-00288722-00288925 or daily rhythm while other cell
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01141-00288926-00289129 clusters appear capable of shorter range
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01142-00289130-00289477 ultradian timekeeping psychoactive drugs
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01143-00289478-00289638 can impair the judgment of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01144-00289639-00289879 stimulants can lead both humans and rats
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01145-00289880-00290182 to overestimate time intervals while
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01146-00290183-00290384 depressants can have the opposite effect
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01147-00290385-00290658 the level of activity in the brain of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01148-00290659-00290869 neurotransmitters such as dopamine and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01149-00290870-00291033 norepinephrine may be the reason for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01150-00291034-00291343 this such chemicals will either excite
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01151-00291344-00291550 or inhibit the firing of neurons in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01152-00291551-00291727 brain with a greater firing rate
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01153-00291728-00291885 allowing the brain to register the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01154-00291886-00292059 occurrence of more events within a given
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01155-00292060-00292284 interval speed up time and a decreased
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01156-00292285-00292456 firing rate reducing the brain's
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01157-00292457-00292678 capacity to distinguish events occurring
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01158-00292679-00292864 within a given interval slow down time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01159-00292865-00293053 mental chronometry is the use of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01160-00293054-00293296 response time in perceptual motor tasks
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01161-00293297-00293482 to infer the content duration and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01162-00293483-00293641 temporal sequencing of cognitive
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01163-00293642-00294205 operations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01164-00294206-00294490 topic development of awareness and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01165-00294491-00295004 understanding of time in children
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01166-00295005-00295271 children's expanding cognitive abilities
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01167-00295272-00295445 allow them to understand time more
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01168-00295446-00295633 clearly two and three-year-olds
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01169-00295634-00295859 understanding of time is mainly limited
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01170-00295860-00296122 to now and not now five and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01171-00296123-00296351 six-year-olds can grasp the ideas of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01172-00296352-00296660 past present and future seven to ten
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01173-00296661-00297325 year olds can use clocks and calendars
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01174-00297326-00297835 topic alterations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01175-00297836-00298057 in addition to psychoactive drugs
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01176-00298058-00298246 judgments of time can be altered by
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01177-00298247-00298465 temporal illusions like the cap effect
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01178-00298466-00298600 age
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01179-00298601-00298873 and hypnosis the sense of time is
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01180-00298874-00299014 impaired in some people with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01181-00299015-00299185 neurological diseases such as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01182-00299186-00299419 Parkinson's disease an attention deficit
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01183-00299420-00299743 disorder psychologists assert that time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01184-00299744-00299938 seems to go faster with age but the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01185-00299939-00300061 literature on this age-related
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01186-00300062-00300327 perception of time remains controversial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01187-00300328-00300619 those who support this notion argue that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01188-00300620-00300807 young people having more excitatory
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01189-00300808-00300997 neurotransmitters are able to cope with
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01190-00300998-00301654 faster external events
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01191-00301655-00302188 topic use of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01192-00302189-00302467 in sociology and anthropology time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01193-00302468-00302659 discipline as the general name given to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01194-00302660-00302902 social and economic rules conventions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01195-00302903-00303151 customs and expectations governing the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01196-00303152-00303358 measurement of time the social currency
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01197-00303359-00303529 and awareness of time measurements and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01198-00303530-00303727 people's expectations concerning the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01199-00303728-00303901 observance of these customs by others
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01200-00303902-00304183 our Lee Russell Hawks child in Norbert
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01201-00304184-00304360 Elias have written on the use of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01202-00304361-00304681 from a sociological perspective the use
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01203-00304682-00304867 of time as an important issue in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01204-00304868-00305107 understanding human behavior education
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01205-00305108-00305419 and travel behavior time use research as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01206-00305420-00305674 a developing field of study the question
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01207-00305675-00305890 concerns how time is allocated across a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01208-00305891-00306124 number of activities such as time spent
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01209-00306125-00306463 at home at work shopping etc time use
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01210-00306464-00306646 changes with technology as the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01211-00306647-00306838 television or the internet created new
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01212-00306839-00307015 opportunities to use time in different
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01213-00307016-00307348 ways however some aspects of time use
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01214-00307349-00307573 are relatively stable over long periods
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01215-00307574-00307777 of time such as the amount of time spent
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01216-00307778-00307981 traveling to work which despite major
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01217-00307982-00308194 changes in transport has been observed
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01218-00308195-00308443 to be about 20 to 30 minutes one way for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01219-00308444-00308626 a large number of cities over a long
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01220-00308627-00308887 period time management is the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01221-00308888-00309133 organization of tasks or events by first
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01222-00309134-00309367 estimating how much time a task requires
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01223-00309368-00309535 and when it must be completed and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01224-00309536-00309691 adjusting events that would interfere
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01225-00309692-00309889 with its completion so it is done in the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01226-00309890-00310168 appropriate amount of time calendars and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01227-00310169-00310381 day planners are common examples of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01228-00310382-00310717 management tools a sequence of events or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01229-00310718-00310957 series of events is a sequence of items
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01230-00310958-00311230 facts events actions changes or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01231-00311231-00311463 procedural steps arranged in time order
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01232-00311464-00311695 chronological order often with causality
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01233-00311696-00312022 relationships among the items because of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01234-00312023-00312238 causality caused precedes effect or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01235-00312239-00312433 cause and effect may appear together in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01236-00312434-00312634 a single item but effect never precedes
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01237-00312635-00312895 cause a sequence of events can be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01238-00312896-00313141 presented in text tables charts or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01239-00313142-00313429 timelines the description of the items
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01240-00313430-00313639 or events may include a timestamp a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01241-00313640-00313852 sequence of events that includes the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01242-00313853-00313995 time along with place or location
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01243-00313996-00314209 information to describe a sequential
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01244-00314210-00314481 path may be referred to as a world line
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01245-00314482-00314746 uses of a sequence of events include
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01246-00314747-00314888 stories
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01247-00314889-00315149 historical events chronology directions
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01248-00315150-00315425 and steps and procedures and timetables
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01249-00315426-00315749 for scheduling activities a sequence of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01250-00315750-00315953 events may also be used to help describe
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01251-00315954-00316199 processes in science technology and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01252-00316200-00316466 medicine a sequence of events may be
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01253-00316467-00316733 focused on past events eg stories
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01254-00316734-00317003 history chronology on future events that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01255-00317004-00317219 must be in a predetermined order eg
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01256-00317220-00317537 plans schedules procedures timetables or
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01257-00317538-00317732 focused on the observation of past
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01258-00317733-00317924 events with the expectation that the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01259-00317925-00318065 events will occur in the future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01260-00318066-00318407 eg processes projections the use of a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01261-00318408-00318617 sequence of events occurs in fields as
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01262-00318618-00318805 diverse as machines cam timer
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01263-00318806-00319076 documentaries seconds from disaster law
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01264-00319077-00319289 choice of law computer simulation
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01265-00319290-00319514 discrete event simulation and electric
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01266-00319515-00319808 power transmission sequence of events
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01267-00319809-00320078 recorder a specific example of a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01268-00320079-00320258 sequence of events as the timeline of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01269-00320259-00321013 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01270-00321014-00321708 topic spatial conceptualization of time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01271-00321709-00321954 although time is regarded as an abstract
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01272-00321955-00322125 concept there is increasing evidence
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01273-00322126-00322344 that time is conceptualized in the mind
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01274-00322345-00322623 in terms of space that is instead of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01275-00322624-00322776 thinking about time in a general
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01276-00322777-00323007 abstract way humans think about time in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01277-00323008-00323205 a spatial way and mentally organize it
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01278-00323206-00323490 as such using space to think about time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01279-00323491-00323682 allows humans to mentally organize
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01280-00323683-00323994 temporal events in a specific way this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01281-00323995-00324216 spatial representation of time is often
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01282-00324217-00324411 represented in the mind as a mental
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01283-00324412-00324750 timeline MTL using space to think about
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01284-00324751-00324966 time allows humans to mentally organize
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01285-00324967-00325245 temporal order these origins are shaped
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01286-00325246-00325437 by many environmental factors for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01287-00325438-00325659 example literacy appears to play a large
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01288-00325660-00325881 role in the different types of MT ELLs
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01289-00325882-00326043 as reading and writing Direction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01290-00326044-00326187 provides an everyday temporal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01291-00326188-00326382 orientation that differs from culture to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01292-00326383-00326727 culture in Western cultures the MTL may
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01293-00326728-00326910 unfold rightward with the past on the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01294-00326911-00327084 left and the future on the right since
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01295-00327085-00327290 people read and write from left to right
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01296-00327291-00327549 Western calendars also continue this
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01297-00327550-00327744 trend by placing the past on the left
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01298-00327745-00327915 with the future progressing toward the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01299-00327916-00328266 right conversely Arabic Farsi Urdu and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01300-00328267-00328473 Israeli Hebrew speakers read from right
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01301-00328474-00328668 to left and their MT ELLs unfold
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01302-00328669-00328872 leftward past on the right with future
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01303-00328873-00329064 on the left an evidence suggests these
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01304-00329065-00329262 speakers organize time events in their
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01305-00329263-00329463 minds like this as well this linguistic
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01306-00329464-00329658 evidence that abstract concepts are
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01307-00329659-00329895 based in spatial concepts also reveals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01308-00329896-00330075 that the way humans mentally organize
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01309-00330076-00330294 time events varies across cultures that
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01310-00330295-00330450 is a certain specific mental
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01311-00330451-00330774 organization system is not universal so
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01312-00330775-00330975 although Western cultures typically
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01313-00330976-00331197 associate past events with the left and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01314-00331198-00331362 future events with the right according
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01315-00331363-00331622 to a certain MTL this kind of horizontal
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01316-00331623-00331884 egocentric MTL is not the spatial
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01317-00331885-00332148 organization of all cultures although
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01318-00332149-00332343 most developed nations use an egocentric
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01319-00332344-00332583 spatial system there is recent evidence
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01320-00332584-00332793 that some cultures use an ala centric
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01321-00332794-00332973 spatialization often based on
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01322-00332974-00333198 environmental features a recent study of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01323-00333199-00333387 the indigenous yup know people of Papua
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01324-00333388-00333576 New Guinea focused on the directional
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01325-00333577-00333795 gestures used when individuals used time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01326-00333796-00334065 related words when speaking of the past
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01327-00334066-00334442 such as last year or past times
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01328-00334443-00334734 individuals gestured downhill where the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01329-00334735-00334884 river of the valley flowed into the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01330-00334885-00335094 ocean when speaking of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01331-00335095-00335282 future they gestured uphill toward the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01332-00335283-00335517 source of the river this was common
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01333-00335518-00335718 regardless of which direction the person
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01334-00335719-00335913 faced revealing that the yup no people
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01335-00335914-00336147 may use an allo centric MTL in which
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01336-00336148-00336383 time flows uphill a similar study of the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01337-00336384-00336597 porn Pure Ones an Aboriginal group in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01338-00336598-00336804 Australia revealed a similar distinction
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01339-00336805-00337007 in which when asked to organize photos
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01340-00337008-00337305 of a man Aging in order individuals
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01341-00337306-00337515 consistently placed the youngest photos
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01342-00337516-00337709 to the east and the oldest photos to the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01343-00337710-00337902 west regardless of which direction they
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01344-00337903-00338159 faced this directly clashed with an
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01345-00338160-00338331 American group which consistently
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01346-00338332-00338537 organized the photos from left to right
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01347-00338538-00338810 therefore this group also appears to
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01348-00338811-00339059 have an ala centric MTL but based on the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01349-00339060-00339216 cardinal directions instead of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01350-00339217-00339423 geographical features the wide array of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01351-00339424-00339618 distinctions in the way different groups
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01352-00339619-00339792 think about time leads to the broader
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01353-00339793-00339981 question that different groups may also
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01354-00339982-00340208 think about other abstract concepts in
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01355-00340209-00340428 different ways as well such as causality
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01356-00340429-00340981 in number
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01357-00340982-00341519 topic see also
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01358-00341520-00341983 era horology international system of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01359-00341984-00342425 quantities Kairos list of UTC timing
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01360-00342426-00343199 centers UTC term time
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01361-00343200-00343666 topic books
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01362-00343667-00343900 a brief history of time by Stephen
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01363-00343901-00344055 Hawking
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01364-00344056-00344223 about time Einstein's unfinished
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01365-00344224-00344547 revolution by Paul Davies from eternity
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01366-00344548-00344685 to here the quest for the ultimate
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01367-00344686-00344990 theory of time by Sean M Carroll the
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01368-00344991-00345249 discovery of time by Stephen Toulmin and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01369-00345250-00345558 Joon good field the physical basis of
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01370-00345559-00345774 the direction of time by Heinz dieters a
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01371-00345775-00346247 an experiment with time by JW done
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01372-00346248-00346614 Einsteins dreams by Alan Lightman being
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01373-00346615-00346932 in time by Martin Heidegger time reborn
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01374-00346933-00347400 by Lee Smolin
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01375-00347401-00347907 topic organizations
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01376-00347908-00348181 leaving scholarly organizations for
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01377-00348182-00348328 researchers on the history and
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01378-00348329-00348579 technology of time and timekeeping
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01379-00348580-00348829 antiquarian horological society oz
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01380-00348830-00349153 united kingdom chronometric elia
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01381-00349154-00349468 switzerland deutsche gesellschaft fir
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01382-00349469-00349783 chronometry VGC germany
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01383-00349784-00350020 National Association of watch and clock
+I_iF4nn75Fy-01384-00350021-00350503 collectors na WCC United States
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00000-00000041-00000451 Levi Lincoln senior May 15-17 49 to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00001-00000452-00000713 April 14th 1820 was an American
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00002-00000714-00000944 revolutionary lawyer and statesman from
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00003-00000944-00001270 Massachusetts a democratic Republican he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00004-00001271-00001427 most notably served as Thomas
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00005-00001428-00001627 Jefferson's first Attorney General and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00006-00001628-00001820 played a significant role in the events
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00007-00001821-00002041 that led to the celebrated Marbury v
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00008-00002042-00002330 Madison court case he served two terms
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00009-00002331-00002555 as lieutenant governor of Massachusetts
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00010-00002556-00002734 acting as governor for the remainder of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00011-00002735-00002954 Governor James Sullivan's term after his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00012-00002955-00003260 death in December 1808 Lincoln was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00013-00003261-00003461 unsuccessful in his bid to be elected
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00014-00003461-00003811 governor in his own right in 1809 born
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00015-00003812-00004028 in Hingham Massachusetts Lincoln was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00016-00004029-00004250 educated at Harvard and studied law with
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00017-00004251-00004463 Joseph Holley before establishing a lot
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00018-00004464-00004736 practice in Worcester Massachusetts he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00019-00004737-00004906 was active in local politics and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00020-00004907-00005102 participated in the convention that
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00021-00005103-00005252 drafted the Massachusetts Constitution
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00022-00005253-00005684 in 1779 he supported Kwok Walker a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00023-00005685-00005909 former slave seeking confirmation of his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00024-00005910-00006184 freedom under that Constitution in 1783
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00025-00006185-00006460 he entered national politics with his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00026-00006461-00006650 election to the United States House of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00027-00006651-00006875 Representatives in 1800 but was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00028-00006876-00007048 immediately tapped by Jefferson to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00029-00007050-00007301 become Attorney General Lincoln served
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00030-00007302-00007484 Jefferson as a consultant on the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00031-00007484-00007645 politics of New England and was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00032-00007647-00007826 influential in the distribution of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00033-00007827-00008071 patronage in the region he served on a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00034-00008072-00008231 commission that resolved claims
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00035-00008232-00008459 emanating from the Yazoo land scandal in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00036-00008460-00008681 Georgia and advised Jefferson on matters
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00037-00008682-00008889 related to the Louisiana Purchase
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00038-00008890-00009158 he returned to Massachusetts where he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00039-00009159-00009356 remained politically active in the state
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00040-00009357-00009635 he established Republican dominance in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00041-00009636-00009788 Worcester even though the state was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00042-00009789-00010078 dominated by Federalists he was elected
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00043-00010079-00010267 lieutenant governor under James Sullivan
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00044-00010268-00010549 in 1807 but failed to an election in his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00045-00010550-00010787 own right in 1809 in a highly partisan
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00046-00010788-00011074 election he retired from politics in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00047-00011075-00011303 1811 declining nomination to the Supreme
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00048-00011304-00011549 Court because of his health his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00049-00011550-00011741 descendants were a major influence in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00050-00011742-00012459 Worcester for much of the 19th century
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00051-00012460-00013137 topic early years Lincoln was born in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00052-00013138-00013466 Hingham on May 15-17 49 to Enoch and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00053-00013468-00013746 Rachel fearing Lincoln his father first
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00054-00013747-00013956 apprenticed him to a local blacksmith
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00055-00013957-00014118 but the boys lack of interest in that
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00056-00014119-00014294 business and clear interest in reading
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00057-00014295-00014472 led to his eventual enrollment in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00058-00014472-00014850 Harvard College he graduated in 1772
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00059-00014851-00015069 and studied law under Joseph Holley in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00060-00015069-00015327 Northampton when news of the battles of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00061-00015328-00015480 Lexington and Concord reached
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00062-00015481-00015660 Northampton he volunteered for military
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00063-00015661-00015912 service but only served for a short time
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00064-00015913-00016091 marching with the local militia to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00065-00016093-00016266 Cambridge where militia were besieging
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00066-00016266-00016509 British occupied Boston Lincoln did not
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00067-00016510-00016683 stay long and soon returned to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00068-00016684-00016869 Northampton where he passed the bar
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00069-00016870-00017115 he established a practice in Worcester
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00070-00017116-00017403 in 1775 where his business flourished
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00071-00017404-00017565 because most of the Worcester lawyers
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00072-00017566-00017778 had been loyalist and had fled to Boston
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00073-00017779-00018540 from 1775 to 1783 County and served the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00074-00018541-00018750 town of Worcester in a variety of posts
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00075-00018751-00019194 into the 1790s he was elected in 1779 to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00076-00019195-00019356 the state convention that drafted the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00077-00019357-00019590 state constitution during these years
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00078-00019591-00019842 Lincoln rose in prominence to become one
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00079-00019843-00020019 of the largest landowners in Worcester
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00080-00020020-00020280 he was a charter member of the American
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00081-00020281-00020669 Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1780 in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00082-00020670-00020925 1781 Lincoln was one of the lawyers
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00083-00020926-00021138 another was Northampton lawyer and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00084-00021139-00021344 future governor Caleb strong who worked
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00085-00021345-00021561 on a series of legal cases surrounding
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00086-00021562-00021786 clock Walker a former slave seeking to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00087-00021787-00022019 claim his freedom one of the cases
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00088-00022020-00022211 Commonwealth of Massachusetts v
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00089-00022212-00022472 Nathaniel Jennison firmly established
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00090-00022473-00022665 that slavery was incompatible with the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00091-00022666-00022905 new state constitution although the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00092-00022906-00023103 decision by Justice William Cushing was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00093-00023104-00023286 based on the state constitutions
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00094-00023287-00023578 language all men are born free and equal
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00095-00023579-00023811 Lincoln in his arguments had instead
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00096-00023812-00024102 appealed to natural law in God's law he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00097-00024103-00024278 was also elected to the Continental
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00098-00024279-00024578 Congress in 1781 but declined to serve
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00099-00024579-00024774 Lincoln was elected to the Massachusetts
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00100-00024775-00025152 House of Representatives in 1796 and to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00101-00025153-00025415 both the House and state Senate in 1797
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00102-00025416-00026077 he chose to sit in the Senate
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00103-00026077-00026722 topic United States Attorney General
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00104-00026723-00026952 at first a weak Federalist Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00105-00026954-00027154 became more closely associated with the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00106-00027155-00027397 Jeffersonian Democratic Republican Party
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00107-00027398-00027667 he repeatedly ran for election to the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00108-00027668-00027802 United States House of Representatives
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00109-00027802-00028117 in the 1790s losing each time to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00110-00028118-00028381 Federalists Dwight foster foster was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00111-00028382-00028552 elected to the Senate in a special
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00112-00028552-00028845 election in early 1800 his house seat
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00113-00028847-00029064 after a series of special elections in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00114-00029066-00029227 most of which Lincoln won a plurality
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00115-00029227-00029488 but not the required majority of votes
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00116-00029489-00029680 Lincoln was finally elected to the seat
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00117-00029681-00030082 in December 1800 was brief on March 5th
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00118-00030083-00030352 1801 President Jefferson appointed him
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00119-00030352-00030552 Attorney General in office he held until
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00120-00030554-00030916 March 1805 Jefferson's choice of Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00121-00030917-00031126 was supported by his close advisor and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00122-00031127-00031312 eventual Treasury Secretary Albert
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00123-00031313-00031597 Gallatin who described Lincoln as a good
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00124-00031598-00031855 lawyer a fine scholar a man of great
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00125-00031856-00032188 discretion and sound judgment on des
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00126-00032189-00032508 sound and decided Republican since the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00127-00032510-00032677 post of Attorney General was then
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00128-00032677-00032878 part-time Lincoln spent most of his time
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00129-00032879-00033100 in that office in Worcester advancing
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00130-00033101-00033318 the Democratic Republican cause in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00131-00033319-00033544 addition to distributing federal
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00132-00033545-00033775 patronage dollars he frequently reported
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00133-00033776-00033976 to Jefferson on political sentiment in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00134-00033977-00034198 New England and advocated for Republican
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00135-00034199-00034540 positions in the newspapers in 1801 he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00136-00034541-00034756 founded the National aegis a newspaper
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00137-00034757-00034963 dedicated to advancing Republican
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00138-00034964-00035134 arguments and countering Federalist
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00139-00035135-00035341 positions printed in other Massachusetts
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00140-00035342-00035587 publications during his years as
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00141-00035588-00035767 Attorney General the Democratic
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00142-00035768-00035962 Republicans successfully gained control
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00143-00035963-00036148 of most of Worcester 's political
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00144-00036149-00036301 establishment even while much of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00145-00036302-00036514 Massachusetts including Worcester County
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00146-00036515-00036799 remained generally Federalists Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00147-00036800-00036946 was regularly the subject of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00148-00036947-00037111 unflattering partisan newspaper
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00149-00037112-00037324 reporting as well as sermons delivered
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00150-00037325-00037537 by influential Congregational ministers
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00151-00037538-00037801 the negative sermonizing prompted
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00152-00037802-00037966 Lincoln to publish a pamphlet entitled
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00153-00037967-00038188 letters to the people by a farmer in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00154-00038189-00038416 1802 in which he lambasted the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00155-00038417-00038655 Federalists for politicizing the clergy
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00156-00038656-00038899 Reverend William Bentley observed that
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00157-00038900-00039109 Lincoln's criticism was a serious blow
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00158-00039110-00039325 and ever did the clergy suffer a more
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00159-00039326-00039511 serious diminution of their influence
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00160-00039512-00040067 and of their power
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00161-00040068-00040745 topic participation in Marbury V Madison
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00162-00040746-00040982 when Jefferson took office
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00163-00040983-00041177 he moved as quickly as possible to fill
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00164-00041178-00041432 his cabinet positions although he had
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00165-00041433-00041657 asked James Madison to be his Secretary
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00166-00041658-00041849 of State Madison did not arrive in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00167-00041850-00042119 Washington until May 1st 1801 due to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00168-00042120-00042401 illness in the interim jefferson asked
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00169-00042402-00042614 lincoln to act temporarily as secretary
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00170-00042615-00042797 of state which he did from March 5th
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00171-00042798-00043082 1801 until madison assumed his duties on
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00172-00043083-00043361 May 2nd during this time Lincoln was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00173-00043362-00043538 involved in actions that led to the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00174-00043539-00043823 celebrated Marbury v Madison case
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00175-00043824-00044069 concerning judicial review in the later
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00176-00044070-00044213 days of the John Adams administration
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00177-00044214-00044489 the President issued a large number of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00178-00044490-00044672 commissions some of which had not been
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00179-00044673-00044900 delivered by John Marshall his Secretary
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00180-00044901-00045098 of State at the time Jefferson assumed
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00181-00045099-00045395 office Jefferson ordered Lincoln in his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00182-00045396-00045623 capacity as acting secretary of state
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00183-00045624-00045833 and then Madison after his assumption of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00184-00045834-00045989 the position not to deliver these
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00185-00045990-00046274 commissions some intended recipients of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00186-00046275-00046463 these Commission's William Marbury among
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00187-00046464-00046661 them filed a suit in the united states
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00188-00046662-00046841 supreme court to compel their delivery
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00189-00046842-00047135 in his role as Attorney General Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00190-00047136-00047285 was present at the preliminary hearing
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00191-00047286-00047582 on the case representing Madison when
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00192-00047583-00047795 the case was heard ironically by a court
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00193-00047796-00048014 headed by John Marshall the preparer of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00194-00048015-00048182 the Commission's Lincoln was called to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00195-00048183-00048389 the stand by Marbury's attorney former
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00196-00048390-00048674 Attorney General Charles Lee rather than
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00197-00048675-00048803 answer Lee's questions
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00198-00048804-00049001 Lincoln invoked both executive privilege
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00199-00049002-00049199 and the Fifth Amendment requesting the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00200-00049200-00049400 opportunity to consider whether or not
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00201-00049401-00049667 to answer the questions the justices
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00202-00049668-00049850 granted him time but made it clear that
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00203-00049851-00050033 he must either answer the questions or
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00204-00050034-00050216 clearly justify his objections to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00205-00050217-00050501 specific written questions when Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00206-00050502-00050693 returned the next day he answered all of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00207-00050694-00051086 the posed questions but one asked w hat
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00208-00051087-00051262 had been done with the Commission's
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00209-00051263-00051533 Lincoln refused to answer directly only
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00210-00051534-00051721 stating that he did not know if Madison
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00211-00051722-00051995 ever received them the opposition press
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00212-00051996-00052180 criticized Lincoln for this performance
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00213-00052182-00052409 writing that he was asked a simple
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00214-00052410-00052630 question but could not answer it until
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00215-00052632-00052917 they gave it to him in writing
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00216-00052919-00053119 and then he made out to remember that he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00217-00053120-00053785 had forgot all about it
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00218-00053786-00054341 topic george'll and scandal
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00219-00054341-00054653 during the 1790s politicians and land
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00220-00054654-00054860 speculators in Georgia perpetrated
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00221-00054861-00055079 fraudulent and corrupt land sales in an
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00222-00055079-00055265 area that is now a large portion of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00223-00055266-00055541 Alabama and Mississippi when the fraud
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00224-00055541-00055792 was exposed in 1795 there was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00225-00055794-00055985 significant public outcry and the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00226-00055986-00056171 Georgia legislation authorizing the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00227-00056172-00056453 sales was repealed this led to a host of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00228-00056454-00056672 claims and litigation since in a number
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00229-00056673-00056900 of cases land was afterward resold to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00230-00056901-00057173 unsuspecting third parties president
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00231-00057174-00057365 Jefferson eventually established a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00232-00057366-00057505 three-person Commission to resolve
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00233-00057507-00057707 conflicting claims arising from the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00234-00057708-00057950 fraud Lincoln was appointed to this
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00235-00057951-00058151 commission which developed legislation
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00236-00058152-00058427 to resolve the issue eventually approved
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00237-00058428-00058664 by Congress Georgia's claims to the area
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00238-00058665-00058832 were extinguished and some land was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00239-00058833-00059021 reserved to resolve other outstanding
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00240-00059022-00059258 claims the Commission was also
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00241-00059259-00059444 responsible for documenting and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00242-00059445-00059615 reporting on the nature and extent of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00243-00059616-00059816 the fraud activities in which Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00244-00059816-00060395 was heavily involved
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00245-00060396-00060923 topic foreign policy
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00246-00060924-00061174 prior to Jefferson's presidency the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00247-00061175-00061360 United States had paid tribute to a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00248-00061361-00061496 number of Arab states in the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00249-00061497-00061687 Mediterranean to prevent attacks on its
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00250-00061688-00061946 shipping by the time Jefferson assumed
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00251-00061947-00062167 office the United States Navy had been
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00252-00062168-00062315 developed to the point where it might
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00253-00062316-00062498 adequately defend American shipping
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00254-00062499-00062586 interests
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00255-00062587-00062834 Jefferson consequently refused to pay
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00256-00062835-00063104 tribute in 1801 to use of kuraman Lee
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00257-00063104-00063304 the ruler of Tripoli after which the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00258-00063305-00063481 Tripoli Daan's began attacking and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00259-00063482-00063754 seizing American merchant vessels in a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00260-00063755-00064036 cabinet discussion held in early 1801 to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00261-00064037-00064213 formulate a response it was suggested
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00262-00064214-00064405 that the president declare war on
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00263-00064406-00064685 Tripoli Lincoln pointed out that only
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00264-00064686-00064841 Congress had the authority to declare
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00265-00064841-00065044 war but the rest of the cabinet was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00266-00065045-00065311 intent on taking some sort of action the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00267-00065312-00065573 matter was tabled until May 1801 when
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00268-00065574-00065741 the cabinet voted to send a naval
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00269-00065742-00065915 squadron to the area to defend the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00270-00065916-00066187 countries merchant interests Jefferson
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00271-00066188-00066355 never asked for or received from
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00272-00066356-00066550 Congress a formal war declaration
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00273-00066551-00066766 against the Barbary States when Napoleon
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00274-00066767-00066949 sought to sell the French territory of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00275-00066950-00067210 Louisiana to the United States in 1802
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00276-00067211-00067409 Jefferson was concerned over the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00277-00067410-00067622 political consequences of acquiring a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00278-00067623-00067807 large tract of what was perceived then
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00279-00067808-00068011 as predominantly southern territory as
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00280-00068012-00068165 well as a possible lack of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00281-00068166-00068344 constitutional authority to make the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00282-00068345-00068609 purchase to circumvent these concerns
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00283-00068610-00068824 Lincoln made a novel proposal that the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00284-00068825-00069031 territory could be acquired by expanding
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00285-00069032-00069250 an existing States borders affecting a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00286-00069251-00069391 purchase that would not require a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00287-00069392-00069673 constitutional amendment this proposal
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00288-00069674-00069880 was rejected by Jefferson and his other
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00289-00069881-00070091 advisors and the purchase was ultimately
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00290-00070092-00070237 made in spite of the standing
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00291-00070238-00070871 constitutional question
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00292-00070872-00071548 Topic Massachusetts political offices
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00293-00071549-00071868 in 1804 Lincoln informed Jefferson that
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00294-00071869-00072054 for personal reasons he would leave the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00295-00072055-00072310 post of Attorney General his resignation
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00296-00072311-00072622 became official on March 3rd 1805 in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00297-00072623-00072853 Massachusetts Lincoln once again became
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00298-00072854-00073135 active in state politics he was a member
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00299-00073136-00073390 of the Governor's Council in 1806 and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00300-00073391-00073573 was nominated the following year as a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00301-00073574-00073803 candidate for lieutenant governor the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00302-00073804-00074065 Democratic Republicans nominated James
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00303-00074066-00074284 Sullivan as the gubernatorial candidate
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00304-00074285-00074463 but because the moderate Sullivan was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00305-00074464-00074685 distrusted by radicals in the party they
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00306-00074686-00074860 were able to secure Lincoln's place on
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00307-00074861-00075105 the ticket Federalists seized on the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00308-00075106-00075291 divisions in the opposition claiming
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00309-00075292-00075484 that Sullivan was upon and that he would
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00310-00075485-00075738 soon be replaced by the Jacobin Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00311-00075739-00076021 a man so little known and so unpopular
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00312-00076022-00076251 we're known that they dare not risk as a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00313-00076252-00076523 candidate for the office he aspires to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00314-00076524-00076785 the election was a sweep for Lincoln's
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00315-00076786-00076960 party which gained control over the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00316-00076961-00077226 entire state government Sullivan and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00317-00077227-00077430 Lincoln were re-elected in 1808
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00318-00077431-00077691 but Sullivan died in December 1808 and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00319-00077692-00077947 Lincoln became Acting Governor from
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00320-00077948-00078148 these positions he continued to actively
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00321-00078149-00078334 support the policies of President
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00322-00078335-00078492 Jefferson despite their growing in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00323-00078493-00078699 popularity with the generally Federalist
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00324-00078700-00078906 Massachusetts population and business
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00325-00078907-00079216 interests Lincoln ran for election as
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00326-00079217-00079479 governor in his own right in 1809 but he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00327-00079480-00079678 was perceived by moderate Federalists as
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00328-00079679-00079842 overly partisan and lacked the charisma
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00329-00079843-00080128 of Sullivan his support for Jefferson's
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00330-00080129-00080347 economic policy particularly that of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00331-00080348-00080556 embargoing trade with Great Britain and
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00332-00080557-00080722 France who were then embroiled in the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00333-00080723-00081051 Napoleonic Wars was costly Federalists
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00334-00081052-00081196 who had regained control of the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00335-00081197-00081432 Massachusetts legislature in 1808
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00336-00081433-00081636 attacked his statements in support of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00337-00081637-00081828 Jefferson and he lost the election to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00338-00081829-00081991 Christopher Gore amid a complete
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00339-00081992-00082200 Federalist takeover of the Massachusetts
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00340-00082201-00082366 government the outgoing Jefferson
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00341-00082367-00082566 administration's repeal of the embargo
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00342-00082567-00082710 before the election notwithstanding
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00343-00082711-00082944 Lincoln was again chosen to serve on the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00344-00082945-00083241 governor's council in 1810 and 1811 in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00345-00083242-00083580 1811 President James Madison offered him
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00346-00083581-00083781 a position as an Associate Justice of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00347-00083782-00083955 the Supreme Court but he declined on
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00348-00083956-00084198 account of failing eyesight Lincoln
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00349-00084199-00084399 retired to his Wooster estate where he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00350-00084400-00084591 took an active interest in farming his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00351-00084592-00084813 pursuit of scientific interests related
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00352-00084814-00084912 to agriculture
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00353-00084913-00085116 were widely recognized and he served as
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00354-00085117-00085254 the first president of the Worcester
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00355-00085255-00085551 agricultural society founded in 1818
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00356-00085552-00085734 Lincoln was additionally a founding
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00357-00085735-00085863 member of the American antiquarian
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00358-00085864-00086133 society along with one of his sons Levi
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00359-00086134-00086409 Lincoln jr. in 1812 Lincoln died in
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00360-00086410-00086721 Worcester on April 14th 1820 his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00361-00086722-00086922 original burial site is not documented
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00362-00086923-00087138 in the family genealogy but he was
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00363-00087139-00087324 eventually reinterred at Worcester rural
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00364-00087325-00088124 cemetery after its establishment in 1838
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00365-00088125-00088512 topic family and legacy
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00366-00088513-00088697 you
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00367-00088698-00089078 Lincoln married Martha Waldo 1761 to
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00368-00089079-00089419 1828 of Worcester in 1781 with whom he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00369-00089420-00089587 had ten children three of whom died
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00370-00089588-00089924 young his eldest child levi jr. and a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00371-00089925-00090128 younger son Enoch both followed their
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00372-00090129-00090260 father into politics
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00373-00090261-00090422 Levi jr. became one of the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00374-00090423-00090554 longest-serving governors of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00375-00090555-00090785 Massachusetts and Enoch was governor of
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00376-00090786-00090988 Maine when Lincoln moved to Worcester he
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00377-00090989-00091190 acquired a large tract of land near what
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00378-00091191-00091391 is now the downtown area of the city
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00379-00091392-00091649 this land was mostly developed by his
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00380-00091650-00091841 heirs and is part of the Lincoln estate
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00381-00091842-00092125 Elm Park historic district Worcester x'g
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00382-00092126-00092360 um Levi's Lincoln House is named for
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00383-00092361-00092606 Levi jr. as a consequence of the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00384-00092607-00092798 family's prominence in the city there
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00385-00092799-00092978 are a number of landmarks streets
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00386-00092979-00093226 buildings and parks in Worcester bearing
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00387-00093227-00093406 the Lincoln name Lincoln was distantly
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00388-00093407-00093617 related to Abraham Lincoln sharing a
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00389-00093618-00093842 common ancestor with the 16th US
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00390-00093843-00094031 president in Samuel Lincoln who had
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00391-00094032-00094243 settled in Hingham Massachusetts in the
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00392-00094244-00094485 17th century
+I_xXfw8RQxU-00393-00094486-00094842 equals equals notes
+I_chtS82YaY-00000-00000000-00000155 what is good everybody before we jump
+I_chtS82YaY-00001-00000156-00000311 into the video I do want to make it
+I_chtS82YaY-00002-00000312-00000563 known that the MDT merch store is open
+I_chtS82YaY-00003-00000564-00000808 right now on prorescents.com click the
+I_chtS82YaY-00004-00000809-00000928 link in the description below we
+I_chtS82YaY-00005-00000930-00001079 currently have three designs up right
+I_chtS82YaY-00006-00001080-00001337 now and we have one about to be added
+I_chtS82YaY-00007-00001338-00001577 and the more we sell over there I have
+I_chtS82YaY-00008-00001578-00001793 more designs in the wings waiting to be
+I_chtS82YaY-00009-00001794-00001937 put up on the store so I greatly
+I_chtS82YaY-00010-00001938-00002081 appreciate you guys checking that out
+I_chtS82YaY-00011-00002082-00002231 and grabbing a t-shirt if you guys are
+I_chtS82YaY-00012-00002232-00002423 interested I greatly appreciate it if
+I_chtS82YaY-00013-00002424-00002518 that's something that interests you
+I_chtS82YaY-00014-00002519-00002663 definitely go check it out Link in the
+I_chtS82YaY-00015-00002664-00002800 description below man thank you guys so
+I_chtS82YaY-00016-00002801-00002999 very much for checking it out and let's
+I_chtS82YaY-00017-00003000-00003160 get into this AJ Styles Ultimate Edition
+I_chtS82YaY-00018-00003161-00003322 review what is good everybody welcome
+I_chtS82YaY-00019-00003323-00003490 back to another my name toys video today
+I_chtS82YaY-00020-00003492-00003701 we are back with a brand new WWE
+I_chtS82YaY-00021-00003702-00003965 Ultimate Edition review on the brand new
+I_chtS82YaY-00022-00003965-00004403 WWE Ultimate Edition series 16 AJ Styles
+I_chtS82YaY-00023-00004404-00004570 figure now this is a figure that I have
+I_chtS82YaY-00024-00004571-00004763 been waiting on for a very long time and
+I_chtS82YaY-00025-00004764-00004991 I also apologize for the camera quality
+I_chtS82YaY-00026-00004992-00005195 or the changing camera quality not the
+I_chtS82YaY-00027-00005196-00005435 usual camera quality that we have and
+I_chtS82YaY-00028-00005436-00005585 that is because this is actually my
+I_chtS82YaY-00029-00005586-00005777 wife's camera I'm using it may be trash
+I_chtS82YaY-00030-00005778-00005945 it may be something like that I'm also
+I_chtS82YaY-00031-00005946-00006113 going to be using my mic for the audio
+I_chtS82YaY-00032-00006114-00006299 because I don't think Nikon cameras
+I_chtS82YaY-00033-00006300-00006550 typically have good audio as well so I I
+I_chtS82YaY-00034-00006551-00006737 apologize it really bumps me out because
+I_chtS82YaY-00035-00006738-00006887 I've been waiting on this figure for so
+I_chtS82YaY-00036-00006888-00007055 damn long and then I have to run into
+I_chtS82YaY-00037-00007056-00007246 these issues with the camera makes me
+I_chtS82YaY-00038-00007247-00007523 want to just suck my own face off with
+I_chtS82YaY-00039-00007523-00007691 something my own fist would work for me
+I_chtS82YaY-00040-00007692-00007859 you know what I mean so anyways man
+I_chtS82YaY-00041-00007859-00008051 let's shut the hell up dive into the AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00042-00008052-00008196 Styles figure you can't get this at
+I_chtS82YaY-00043-00008197-00008317 ringsidecollectibles.com
+I_chtS82YaY-00044-00008318-00008519 wrestlingfigures.com as well you can use
+I_chtS82YaY-00045-00008520-00008705 promo code MD toys to save yourselves 10
+I_chtS82YaY-00046-00008706-00008957 but here is the AJ Styles figure and
+I_chtS82YaY-00047-00008958-00009160 also I have to use this weird auto focus
+I_chtS82YaY-00048-00009161-00009317 thing you guys can see the front viewing
+I_chtS82YaY-00049-00009318-00009478 window there all the great accessories
+I_chtS82YaY-00050-00009479-00009742 we also have uh I mean it's your typical
+I_chtS82YaY-00051-00009743-00010031 AJ Styles packaging as we see here you
+I_chtS82YaY-00052-00010032-00010192 know you spin it around you got AJ on
+I_chtS82YaY-00053-00010193-00010319 the side you got AJ on the back
+I_chtS82YaY-00054-00010320-00010469 beautiful shot of him here with the
+I_chtS82YaY-00055-00010470-00010655 phenomenal forearm you got AJ on the
+I_chtS82YaY-00056-00010656-00010895 back here again man this damn kick this
+I_chtS82YaY-00057-00010896-00011219 pisses me off bro I'm so pissed God I
+I_chtS82YaY-00058-00011220-00011392 could just oh my God it just makes me
+I_chtS82YaY-00059-00011393-00011549 sick I just want to vomit in the floor
+I_chtS82YaY-00060-00011550-00011759 however man enough complaining about the
+I_chtS82YaY-00061-00011760-00011909 camera let's shut the hell up and crack
+I_chtS82YaY-00062-00011910-00012119 AJ Styles out the packaging and find out
+I_chtS82YaY-00063-00012120-00012371 if this figure is as phenomenal as it
+I_chtS82YaY-00064-00012372-00012551 looks I am so excited for it man let's
+I_chtS82YaY-00065-00012552-00012802 get into it and crack AJ Styles out of
+I_chtS82YaY-00066-00012803-00012935 his Packaging
+I_chtS82YaY-00067-00012936-00013175 hey guys it's me again but with a hat
+I_chtS82YaY-00068-00013176-00013361 this time just wanted to plug in we have
+I_chtS82YaY-00069-00013362-00013607 started an MDT patreon page here on the
+I_chtS82YaY-00070-00013608-00013738 channel if you guys are interested in
+I_chtS82YaY-00071-00013740-00013936 some exclusive and bonus content you
+I_chtS82YaY-00072-00013937-00014147 will not find here on the MDT YouTube
+I_chtS82YaY-00073-00014147-00014308 channel go click the link in the
+I_chtS82YaY-00074-00014309-00014494 description below for the patreon page
+I_chtS82YaY-00075-00014495-00014675 check out some of the exclusive content
+I_chtS82YaY-00076-00014676-00014872 tiers that we have down there maybe it
+I_chtS82YaY-00077-00014873-00015041 interests you maybe it doesn't if you
+I_chtS82YaY-00078-00015041-00015233 don't want to don't think about it ever
+I_chtS82YaY-00079-00015234-00015407 again but I just figured I'd pass it
+I_chtS82YaY-00080-00015408-00015575 along I appreciate you guys so much
+I_chtS82YaY-00081-00015576-00015761 let's get back to the video so here's
+I_chtS82YaY-00082-00015762-00016025 the phenomenal AJ Styles out of the
+I_chtS82YaY-00083-00016026-00016247 packaging and actually my rotating base
+I_chtS82YaY-00084-00016247-00016421 actually came with this light blue
+I_chtS82YaY-00085-00016422-00016619 little coverage and I thought it worked
+I_chtS82YaY-00086-00016620-00016733 out perfectly I thought that was a
+I_chtS82YaY-00087-00016734-00016900 perfect execution of it there ties in
+I_chtS82YaY-00088-00016901-00017044 perfectly with the packaging looks
+I_chtS82YaY-00089-00017045-00017213 beautiful with the figure absolutely
+I_chtS82YaY-00090-00017214-00017429 fantastic I'm enjoying the figure so far
+I_chtS82YaY-00091-00017430-00017621 after unboxing it however it is not
+I_chtS82YaY-00092-00017622-00017758 perfect and we're going to get into all
+I_chtS82YaY-00093-00017759-00017897 those things of course in the MDT
+I_chtS82YaY-00094-00017898-00018083 reviews man the gloves are off the
+I_chtS82YaY-00095-00018084-00018250 gloves are off unlike AJ Styles over
+I_chtS82YaY-00096-00018251-00018407 there and so I'm gonna let you guys know
+I_chtS82YaY-00097-00018408-00018575 exactly what you need to think about
+I_chtS82YaY-00098-00018576-00018725 with this figure you know where it
+I_chtS82YaY-00099-00018726-00018911 stands among other AJ Styles figures but
+I_chtS82YaY-00100-00018912-00019079 it is is an ultimate edition and a
+I_chtS82YaY-00101-00019080-00019222 figure that I have been looking forward
+I_chtS82YaY-00102-00019223-00019505 to forever since we saw the images of
+I_chtS82YaY-00103-00019506-00019661 this figure I was super excited and
+I_chtS82YaY-00104-00019662-00019858 hyped for it so today we finally get to
+I_chtS82YaY-00105-00019859-00019991 dive into it man I don't want to wait
+I_chtS82YaY-00106-00019992-00020141 any further so let's go ahead and dive
+I_chtS82YaY-00107-00020142-00020308 into AJ Styles accessories and then
+I_chtS82YaY-00108-00020309-00020429 we'll run it back and take a closer look
+I_chtS82YaY-00109-00020430-00020603 at the figure itself and see how it
+I_chtS82YaY-00110-00020604-00020789 compares to the rest of our AJ Styles
+I_chtS82YaY-00111-00020790-00020957 action figure collection alright guys so
+I_chtS82YaY-00112-00020958-00021149 getting into AJ Styles accessories with
+I_chtS82YaY-00113-00021150-00021311 our ultimate edition you get three
+I_chtS82YaY-00114-00021312-00021514 interchangeable head Scopes a rubber
+I_chtS82YaY-00115-00021515-00021707 slash cloth hoodie which I'll get into
+I_chtS82YaY-00116-00021708-00021917 some soft goods and three pairs of
+I_chtS82YaY-00117-00021918-00022055 interchangeable hands no championship
+I_chtS82YaY-00118-00022056-00022222 this time around with the ultimate
+I_chtS82YaY-00119-00022223-00022378 edition but I think we can forgive it
+I_chtS82YaY-00120-00022379-00022517 but let's dive into these head Scopes
+I_chtS82YaY-00121-00022518-00022703 first and here's our first head Skull
+I_chtS82YaY-00122-00022704-00022972 Man and this is absolutely beautiful man
+I_chtS82YaY-00123-00022973-00023194 I think they captured AJ Styles likeness
+I_chtS82YaY-00124-00023195-00023357 who would T I think they absolutely
+I_chtS82YaY-00125-00023358-00023525 nailed it you get the soccer mom haircut
+I_chtS82YaY-00126-00023526-00023711 as everybody always picks on him you get
+I_chtS82YaY-00127-00023712-00023891 the dark brown color you get the AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00128-00023892-00024071 Styles likeness this is the best AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00129-00024072-00024269 Styles head sculpt ever and it looks a
+I_chtS82YaY-00130-00024270-00024491 lot like the elite 74 or that one that
+I_chtS82YaY-00131-00024492-00024677 we got on his Boneyard match or even the
+I_chtS82YaY-00132-00024678-00024875 one we got on the SummerSlam or Elite 77
+I_chtS82YaY-00133-00024876-00025097 Elite but this one right here is perfect
+I_chtS82YaY-00134-00025098-00025319 I think that one was a bit more cartoony
+I_chtS82YaY-00135-00025320-00025541 this one Nails it it's absolutely
+I_chtS82YaY-00136-00025542-00025720 stunning I think it looks just like AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00137-00025722-00025925 Styles uh just just phenomenal just
+I_chtS82YaY-00138-00025926-00026033 simply phenomenal you're probably gonna
+I_chtS82YaY-00139-00026033-00026183 hear that a lot in this video but it is
+I_chtS82YaY-00140-00026183-00026368 absolutely true our next head sculpt is
+I_chtS82YaY-00141-00026369-00026608 what the elite 47 wishes it was now I
+I_chtS82YaY-00142-00026610-00026752 don't want to crap on the elite 47
+I_chtS82YaY-00143-00026754-00026962 because this this head sculpt and that
+I_chtS82YaY-00144-00026963-00027149 figure was phenomenal but this obviously
+I_chtS82YaY-00145-00027150-00027340 this Ultimate Edition is is much more
+I_chtS82YaY-00146-00027341-00027496 above and beyond than that figure but
+I_chtS82YaY-00147-00027497-00027683 you have more of a serious face you have
+I_chtS82YaY-00148-00027683-00027862 the same hairstyle pretty much the beard
+I_chtS82YaY-00149-00027863-00028061 is a little bit darker than the than the
+I_chtS82YaY-00150-00028062-00028217 you know the the hair on his head which
+I_chtS82YaY-00151-00028218-00028433 is accurate I'd say that his beard is a
+I_chtS82YaY-00152-00028433-00028624 little bit more darker than his regular
+I_chtS82YaY-00153-00028625-00028858 hair but the the hair color the just the
+I_chtS82YaY-00154-00028860-00029068 lightness is simply amazing on these
+I_chtS82YaY-00155-00029069-00029237 head Scopes man I mean it just goes
+I_chtS82YaY-00156-00029238-00029387 without saying how beautiful are these
+I_chtS82YaY-00157-00029388-00029561 head Scopes I think they look just like
+I_chtS82YaY-00158-00029562-00029801 AJ it's like they shrunk down AJ Styles
+I_chtS82YaY-00159-00029802-00029962 face onto an action figure and that's
+I_chtS82YaY-00160-00029963-00030124 really what you asked for when you do
+I_chtS82YaY-00161-00030125-00030287 you know you're looking into action
+I_chtS82YaY-00162-00030288-00030431 figures man this is what you want to see
+I_chtS82YaY-00163-00030432-00030658 and then last but not least we have this
+I_chtS82YaY-00164-00030660-00030899 very unique phenomenal forearm face now
+I_chtS82YaY-00165-00030900-00031108 this this is what's so funny is like his
+I_chtS82YaY-00166-00031110-00031337 face is perfect because he's like more
+I_chtS82YaY-00167-00031338-00031505 pissed off it's not a straight face it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00168-00031506-00031720 like he's kind of angry or you know he's
+I_chtS82YaY-00169-00031722-00031877 kind of smirking there like kind of like
+I_chtS82YaY-00170-00031877-00032014 I'm about to beat the hell out of you
+I_chtS82YaY-00171-00032016-00032218 but his hair is Flowing like he's doing
+I_chtS82YaY-00172-00032219-00032381 the phenomenal Forum so you guys can see
+I_chtS82YaY-00173-00032382-00032561 here it's like freaking Super Saiyan
+I_chtS82YaY-00174-00032562-00032746 Goku when he was on Planet Namek about
+I_chtS82YaY-00175-00032747-00032987 to assassinate Frieza which is my
+I_chtS82YaY-00176-00032988-00033221 favorite look of Goku of all time simply
+I_chtS82YaY-00177-00033222-00033485 beautiful but this is what this reminds
+I_chtS82YaY-00178-00033486-00033623 me of you got his hair blowing to the
+I_chtS82YaY-00179-00033624-00033790 side here but it's so funny because his
+I_chtS82YaY-00180-00033791-00033959 hair is so chaotic and then his face is
+I_chtS82YaY-00181-00033960-00034127 just stoic so it's almost like he's
+I_chtS82YaY-00182-00034128-00034355 sitting on a mountain top about to just
+I_chtS82YaY-00183-00034356-00034607 go rain hell on somebody's face but if
+I_chtS82YaY-00184-00034608-00034751 he were jumping off the top rope about
+I_chtS82YaY-00185-00034752-00034907 to go phenomenal for him somebody I feel
+I_chtS82YaY-00186-00034908-00035057 like he should be screaming right so
+I_chtS82YaY-00187-00035058-00035237 that's kind of where this one kind of is
+I_chtS82YaY-00188-00035238-00035423 funny but I like it at the same time
+I_chtS82YaY-00189-00035424-00035609 it's kind of goofy so I don't know it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00190-00035610-00035740 it just depends on where you stand with
+I_chtS82YaY-00191-00035741-00035909 it but I like the AJ Styles head sculpt
+I_chtS82YaY-00192-00035910-00036065 you know the wind blowing or you know
+I_chtS82YaY-00193-00036066-00036245 it's kind of a I don't know I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00194-00036246-00036383 somebody could take this hair piece
+I_chtS82YaY-00195-00036384-00036562 remove it put on like you know the
+I_chtS82YaY-00196-00036563-00036773 soccer mom haircut and make it like he's
+I_chtS82YaY-00197-00036774-00036899 just standing there because these are
+I_chtS82YaY-00198-00036900-00037049 two different Expressions this is a
+I_chtS82YaY-00199-00037050-00037229 pissed off AJ this is just kind of a
+I_chtS82YaY-00200-00037230-00037445 sitting there at the bus stop AJ so you
+I_chtS82YaY-00201-00037446-00037607 know it's it is what it is but I I like
+I_chtS82YaY-00202-00037608-00037787 the head sculpt it's just it's a bit
+I_chtS82YaY-00203-00037788-00037955 goofy but it kind of fits with the edge
+I_chtS82YaY-00204-00037956-00038123 Ultimate Edition as well you know we had
+I_chtS82YaY-00205-00038124-00038279 like the hair blowing back and then the
+I_chtS82YaY-00206-00038280-00038483 Roman Reigns hair blowing back so if
+I_chtS82YaY-00207-00038484-00038639 it's the kind of theme of The Ultimate
+I_chtS82YaY-00208-00038640-00038824 Edition line now for cloth Goods you do
+I_chtS82YaY-00209-00038825-00039065 get this just beautiful phenomenal
+I_chtS82YaY-00210-00039066-00039389 forever P1 sleeveless muscle tank top
+I_chtS82YaY-00211-00039390-00039580 shirt for AJ Styles and this looks
+I_chtS82YaY-00212-00039581-00039743 unbelievable on the figure as you guys
+I_chtS82YaY-00213-00039744-00039917 will see later in the video it's a great
+I_chtS82YaY-00214-00039918-00040180 logo that P1 logo is Iconic it's a
+I_chtS82YaY-00215-00040181-00040318 beautiful logo I think it's one of the
+I_chtS82YaY-00216-00040319-00040595 best logos in WWE and it is a great
+I_chtS82YaY-00217-00040596-00040774 shirt this is a fantastic shirt I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00218-00040775-00040895 it looks just like the real shirt in
+I_chtS82YaY-00219-00040896-00041062 real life goes on the figure well and it
+I_chtS82YaY-00220-00041063-00041249 is cloth goods and I'll never complain
+I_chtS82YaY-00221-00041250-00041411 about cloth Goods as you guys know it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00222-00041412-00041590 just not something we do around here so
+I_chtS82YaY-00223-00041591-00041801 this it fits the bill for me I like this
+I_chtS82YaY-00224-00041802-00042011 a lot now this is something that we have
+I_chtS82YaY-00225-00042012-00042233 not seen for AJ Styles before we have
+I_chtS82YaY-00226-00042234-00042401 the rubber vest which is something we
+I_chtS82YaY-00227-00042402-00042640 have seen he's got the AJ logos on the
+I_chtS82YaY-00228-00042641-00042790 side here you get the P1 on the back
+I_chtS82YaY-00229-00042791-00042977 with the graphics even get the studs on
+I_chtS82YaY-00230-00042978-00043162 there it's a very highly detailed you
+I_chtS82YaY-00231-00043163-00043373 know vest jacket but they gave him a
+I_chtS82YaY-00232-00043374-00043643 cloth Hood up here which is so cool and
+I_chtS82YaY-00233-00043644-00043751 I'll show you guys what this looks like
+I_chtS82YaY-00234-00043752-00043907 when we see the figure itself but you
+I_chtS82YaY-00235-00043908-00044039 know you can put this on and then you
+I_chtS82YaY-00236-00044040-00044195 have the cloth Goods hood that doesn't
+I_chtS82YaY-00237-00044196-00044357 stay in place and you know you can pull
+I_chtS82YaY-00238-00044358-00044524 it down and have him you know just
+I_chtS82YaY-00239-00044525-00044705 wearing the best regular you can do it
+I_chtS82YaY-00240-00044706-00044849 where his head's down and he's got the
+I_chtS82YaY-00241-00044850-00045017 hood down and then he pops up and you
+I_chtS82YaY-00242-00045018-00045167 know he pulls the hood down and he's
+I_chtS82YaY-00243-00045168-00045346 just chilling on his entrance so there's
+I_chtS82YaY-00244-00045347-00045521 lots of ways to look at that but I do
+I_chtS82YaY-00245-00045522-00045749 have a few gripes about the hoodie or
+I_chtS82YaY-00246-00045750-00045935 about the entrance vest here and the
+I_chtS82YaY-00247-00045936-00046090 only thing is is it kind of hinders the
+I_chtS82YaY-00248-00046091-00046265 butterfly articulation which I'll show
+I_chtS82YaY-00249-00046266-00046408 in a minute when we get to the
+I_chtS82YaY-00250-00046409-00046624 articulation segment in comparisons but
+I_chtS82YaY-00251-00046625-00046768 I still like this I think if you're
+I_chtS82YaY-00252-00046769-00046912 gonna give us the rubber vest which I
+I_chtS82YaY-00253-00046913-00047039 don't have a problem with rubber vest
+I_chtS82YaY-00254-00047040-00047183 because it doesn't hinder the
+I_chtS82YaY-00255-00047184-00047345 articulation most of the time so I don't
+I_chtS82YaY-00256-00047346-00047555 really have a huge issue with it but I I
+I_chtS82YaY-00257-00047556-00047729 did want to mention it and then for his
+I_chtS82YaY-00258-00047730-00047908 interchangeable hands you get these
+I_chtS82YaY-00259-00047909-00048124 beautifully detailed gloves here now I
+I_chtS82YaY-00260-00048125-00048311 don't know if these are first time in
+I_chtS82YaY-00261-00048312-00048533 the line Scopes but you get the ajs on
+I_chtS82YaY-00262-00048534-00048749 the blue gloves with the white palms and
+I_chtS82YaY-00263-00048750-00048958 this is just beautiful man these gloves
+I_chtS82YaY-00264-00048959-00049121 look really really good I apologize for
+I_chtS82YaY-00265-00049122-00049330 the overexposure probably this camera
+I_chtS82YaY-00266-00049331-00049487 settings and everything man I just I'm
+I_chtS82YaY-00267-00049488-00049612 really bummed out that I had to use a
+I_chtS82YaY-00268-00049613-00049739 different camera but I do appreciate you
+I_chtS82YaY-00269-00049740-00049912 guys watching anyway but these fisted
+I_chtS82YaY-00270-00049913-00050068 hands look really good you also get a
+I_chtS82YaY-00271-00050069-00050249 pair of mic holding hands and again you
+I_chtS82YaY-00272-00050250-00050386 guys can see the sculpted detail in
+I_chtS82YaY-00273-00050387-00050543 there you got the AJ's on there wish
+I_chtS82YaY-00274-00050544-00050711 they could have put the P1 on the you
+I_chtS82YaY-00275-00050712-00050855 know on the mic holding hands like on
+I_chtS82YaY-00276-00050856-00051011 the palms there but I understand why
+I_chtS82YaY-00277-00051012-00051161 they couldn't do that and last but not
+I_chtS82YaY-00278-00051162-00051364 least you do have the detailed textured
+I_chtS82YaY-00279-00051365-00051599 gloves with the p1s on the palms which
+I_chtS82YaY-00280-00051600-00051773 are accurate you know it's got the AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00281-00051774-00051982 logo again on the back of the the hand
+I_chtS82YaY-00282-00051983-00052175 there which now with the addition of the
+I_chtS82YaY-00283-00052176-00052337 butterfly joints we will be able to do
+I_chtS82YaY-00284-00052338-00052601 the P1 you know glove style logo right
+I_chtS82YaY-00285-00052602-00052811 there so you can do that with no issues
+I_chtS82YaY-00286-00052812-00052954 it looks really good and stuff like that
+I_chtS82YaY-00287-00052955-00053135 and we've seen this glove mode multiple
+I_chtS82YaY-00288-00053136-00053303 times before but that is pretty much all
+I_chtS82YaY-00289-00053304-00053476 you get with your AJ Styles Ultimate
+I_chtS82YaY-00290-00053477-00053663 Edition figure accessories armeso
+I_chtS82YaY-00291-00053664-00053849 getting into AJ Styles head scope I
+I_chtS82YaY-00292-00053850-00053999 think this figure looks beautiful now
+I_chtS82YaY-00293-00054000-00054130 one thing I want to mention before we
+I_chtS82YaY-00294-00054132-00054280 get into the rest of the proportions of
+I_chtS82YaY-00295-00054282-00054479 the body you will notice his neck looks
+I_chtS82YaY-00296-00054479-00054653 a bit Stumpy and I think that's because
+I_chtS82YaY-00297-00054654-00054869 this head sits too low on this body now
+I_chtS82YaY-00298-00054870-00055042 one thing thing that I've noticed is if
+I_chtS82YaY-00299-00055044-00055223 you pull it up just a little bit it
+I_chtS82YaY-00300-00055224-00055432 looks just much better for whatever
+I_chtS82YaY-00301-00055433-00055600 reason that's what I found like you guys
+I_chtS82YaY-00302-00055601-00055750 can see there and then when you push it
+I_chtS82YaY-00303-00055751-00055961 down it just sits a little bit too low
+I_chtS82YaY-00304-00055962-00056159 for me but you know you can pull it up
+I_chtS82YaY-00305-00056160-00056392 just a little bit and it makes a world
+I_chtS82YaY-00306-00056394-00056566 of difference at least that does to me
+I_chtS82YaY-00307-00056567-00056723 and you know if it's sitting a little
+I_chtS82YaY-00308-00056724-00056854 too high you can push it down a little
+I_chtS82YaY-00309-00056855-00057023 bit and kind of just kind of readjust it
+I_chtS82YaY-00310-00057024-00057166 there and I don't know it just looks
+I_chtS82YaY-00311-00057167-00057400 better to me now another thing that
+I_chtS82YaY-00312-00057401-00057616 really bothers me about this figure it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00313-00057617-00057863 not really the the it's not really the
+I_chtS82YaY-00314-00057864-00058073 chest air and stomach error actually in
+I_chtS82YaY-00315-00058074-00058271 the studio shots and at this matchup at
+I_chtS82YaY-00316-00058272-00058523 WrestleMania he did not have chest or
+I_chtS82YaY-00317-00058524-00058715 stomach hair he completely shaved or
+I_chtS82YaY-00318-00058716-00058907 waxed his chest and stomach which makes
+I_chtS82YaY-00319-00058908-00059075 it accurate however I think it would
+I_chtS82YaY-00320-00059076-00059225 have benefited from it because it would
+I_chtS82YaY-00321-00059226-00059392 have added like another layer of detail
+I_chtS82YaY-00322-00059394-00059530 and some depth to the figure it wouldn't
+I_chtS82YaY-00323-00059532-00059741 be so flat here but at the same time it
+I_chtS82YaY-00324-00059741-00059909 is accurate and it doesn't it's not like
+I_chtS82YaY-00325-00059910-00060088 a huge thing I did just want to mention
+I_chtS82YaY-00326-00060089-00060221 it just in case you guys were wondering
+I_chtS82YaY-00327-00060222-00060466 why I didn't have it and also he has
+I_chtS82YaY-00328-00060467-00060737 Daniel Bryan Finn Balor skin tone he
+I_chtS82YaY-00329-00060738-00060965 does not have the Seth Rollins or the
+I_chtS82YaY-00330-00060966-00061175 Randy orton-esque style skin tone that
+I_chtS82YaY-00331-00061176-00061385 he used to have which I think it also
+I_chtS82YaY-00332-00061386-00061600 benefits from so they did change that
+I_chtS82YaY-00333-00061601-00061750 about the figure as you guys will see
+I_chtS82YaY-00334-00061751-00061966 here but the figure does look really
+I_chtS82YaY-00335-00061967-00062147 good man I mean I I am loving this
+I_chtS82YaY-00336-00062148-00062309 figure so much the double jointed arms
+I_chtS82YaY-00337-00062310-00062453 on here he's got the forearm band over
+I_chtS82YaY-00338-00062454-00062573 here in black but it doesn't have
+I_chtS82YaY-00339-00062574-00062765 anything featured on it the white gear
+I_chtS82YaY-00340-00062766-00062926 he does have the tattoo here this
+I_chtS82YaY-00341-00062927-00063047 probably could have benefited from
+I_chtS82YaY-00342-00063048-00063263 having the A and J like separated so you
+I_chtS82YaY-00343-00063264-00063388 don't have that little bit it's kind of
+I_chtS82YaY-00344-00063389-00063521 like the Cody tattoo you know because
+I_chtS82YaY-00345-00063522-00063725 when you do this you know it's separated
+I_chtS82YaY-00346-00063726-00063929 it looks very weird so that's a thing
+I_chtS82YaY-00347-00063929-00064030 but I guess it's not the biggest deal
+I_chtS82YaY-00348-00064032-00064192 you have all of his kids dates there
+I_chtS82YaY-00349-00064194-00064366 their birth dates probably could have
+I_chtS82YaY-00350-00064367-00064547 benefited from like the you know the
+I_chtS82YaY-00351-00064548-00064697 crotch being sculpted on there with the
+I_chtS82YaY-00352-00064698-00064900 belt but the colors just look amazing he
+I_chtS82YaY-00353-00064901-00065104 also has the drop down hip joints which
+I_chtS82YaY-00354-00065105-00065273 are great we saw that on the ultimate
+I_chtS82YaY-00355-00065274-00065482 edition 15 Lesnar and Ultimate Warrior
+I_chtS82YaY-00356-00065483-00065771 the white glove straps over here that do
+I_chtS82YaY-00357-00065772-00065932 slide up and down you can take those off
+I_chtS82YaY-00358-00065933-00066125 if you'd like to but this gear just
+I_chtS82YaY-00359-00066126-00066329 looks amazing man the P1 on the side
+I_chtS82YaY-00360-00066330-00066599 with the black just great contrast and
+I_chtS82YaY-00361-00066600-00066725 everything like that when he came out in
+I_chtS82YaY-00362-00066726-00066863 this gear I immediately wanted it and
+I_chtS82YaY-00363-00066864-00067067 figure your form man so I am really
+I_chtS82YaY-00364-00067068-00067265 really enjoying this AJ Styles you work
+I_chtS82YaY-00365-00067266-00067391 down into the knee pads he's got the
+I_chtS82YaY-00366-00067392-00067565 blue knee pads the phenomenal one kick
+I_chtS82YaY-00367-00067566-00067756 pads here in black and white and blue
+I_chtS82YaY-00368-00067757-00068044 just a beautiful figure man I mean I am
+I_chtS82YaY-00369-00068045-00068273 just I am over the moon about this AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00370-00068274-00068482 style so far again man I apologize for
+I_chtS82YaY-00371-00068483-00068632 the camera stuff man I don't know I
+I_chtS82YaY-00372-00068633-00068735 don't know what the hell's going on I'm
+I_chtS82YaY-00373-00068736-00068915 trying to get adjusted to it but this
+I_chtS82YaY-00374-00068916-00069071 figure has really great articulation
+I_chtS82YaY-00375-00069072-00069221 like look at that forward kick right
+I_chtS82YaY-00376-00069222-00069376 there man again he does have the drop
+I_chtS82YaY-00377-00069377-00069587 down hip joints to help with that his
+I_chtS82YaY-00378-00069588-00069821 beefy thighs like this is a brand new AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00379-00069822-00070037 Styles formula right here they did use
+I_chtS82YaY-00380-00070038-00070247 the Jeff Hardy torso it looks like the
+I_chtS82YaY-00381-00070248-00070469 butterfly joints are magnificent you can
+I_chtS82YaY-00382-00070470-00070649 do the glove pose here you know when you
+I_chtS82YaY-00383-00070650-00070817 put the P1 hands in there I'll show that
+I_chtS82YaY-00384-00070818-00071021 off in just a moment it's just it just
+I_chtS82YaY-00385-00071022-00071213 feels Immaculate man this figure just
+I_chtS82YaY-00386-00071214-00071488 feels simply incredible I have had so
+I_chtS82YaY-00387-00071489-00071753 much fun just posing this guy around he
+I_chtS82YaY-00388-00071754-00071999 looks built better he doesn't look tiny
+I_chtS82YaY-00389-00072000-00072161 which I'm gonna show you in the figure
+I_chtS82YaY-00390-00072162-00072376 comparisons he doesn't look like his old
+I_chtS82YaY-00391-00072377-00072575 figures man he doesn't look like he's so
+I_chtS82YaY-00392-00072576-00072755 tiny you're gonna snap him in half and
+I_chtS82YaY-00393-00072756-00072971 he just looks like a little piece of
+I_chtS82YaY-00394-00072972-00073175 Shish compared to the rest of the AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00395-00073176-00073379 Styles we've seen damn this camera
+I_chtS82YaY-00396-00073380-00073559 nonetheless man let's get into some AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00397-00073560-00073763 Styles figure comparisons the damn
+I_chtS82YaY-00398-00073764-00074015 exposure on this camera man I I just I
+I_chtS82YaY-00399-00074016-00074206 hate this man nonetheless here's your AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00400-00074207-00074387 Styles figure comparisons you guys can
+I_chtS82YaY-00401-00074388-00074591 see here you know you get your uh your
+I_chtS82YaY-00402-00074592-00074741 top talents over here you get the
+I_chtS82YaY-00403-00074742-00074950 Boneyard match or the Wrestlemania Elite
+I_chtS82YaY-00404-00074951-00075082 you have the ultimate edition you guys
+I_chtS82YaY-00405-00075083-00075293 can see the skin tone disparity it just
+I_chtS82YaY-00406-00075294-00075455 takes a little bit of redness out and
+I_chtS82YaY-00407-00075456-00075605 again it doesn't break the figure it
+I_chtS82YaY-00408-00075606-00075761 doesn't make the figure just awful but
+I_chtS82YaY-00409-00075762-00075971 it's definitely noticeable you know it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00410-00075972-00076115 definitely noticeable when you have you
+I_chtS82YaY-00411-00076116-00076259 know the Finn Balor Daniel Bryan skin
+I_chtS82YaY-00412-00076260-00076438 tone of next to the Seth Rollins s skin
+I_chtS82YaY-00413-00076439-00076612 tone which is a little bit darker has a
+I_chtS82YaY-00414-00076613-00076732 little bit more red but look at the
+I_chtS82YaY-00415-00076733-00076882 difference in the formulas like the
+I_chtS82YaY-00416-00076883-00077069 thigh size is different it makes him
+I_chtS82YaY-00417-00077070-00077285 look beefier it's much more accurate it
+I_chtS82YaY-00418-00077286-00077500 just is way more accurate and I just
+I_chtS82YaY-00419-00077501-00077699 love this figure I I really do I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00420-00077700-00077903 that it's easily the best AJ Styles It
+I_chtS82YaY-00421-00077904-00078131 just fits so well in the collections
+I_chtS82YaY-00422-00078132-00078359 like I I just have to buy so many of
+I_chtS82YaY-00423-00078360-00078575 this figure to customize the fix up to
+I_chtS82YaY-00424-00078576-00078737 make different versions it's just
+I_chtS82YaY-00425-00078738-00078869 something that must be done and if you
+I_chtS82YaY-00426-00078870-00079235 guys were wondering about the P1 pose or
+I_chtS82YaY-00427-00079236-00079385 whatever right here I know you guys saw
+I_chtS82YaY-00428-00079386-00079576 it you know on the rotating base but
+I_chtS82YaY-00429-00079577-00079805 this is uh you know this here it is
+I_chtS82YaY-00430-00079806-00079973 again you know you can operate those
+I_chtS82YaY-00431-00079974-00080099 butterfly joints and the Butterfly
+I_chtS82YaY-00432-00080100-00080261 joints are tight they're not loose or
+I_chtS82YaY-00433-00080262-00080429 anything like that and this is very easy
+I_chtS82YaY-00434-00080430-00080591 to do you can even I mean you can pull
+I_chtS82YaY-00435-00080592-00080794 it in even more here so you know the
+I_chtS82YaY-00436-00080795-00080999 butterfly joints really were made for AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00437-00081000-00081173 Styles if you will so that looks good
+I_chtS82YaY-00438-00081174-00081376 there and again I do want to put on the
+I_chtS82YaY-00439-00081377-00081538 vest real quick so you guys can see that
+I_chtS82YaY-00440-00081539-00081749 it does hinder the articulation when
+I_chtS82YaY-00441-00081750-00081953 you're trying to do that glove pose
+I_chtS82YaY-00442-00081954-00082156 because it's it's definitely a thing you
+I_chtS82YaY-00443-00082157-00082325 can't you can't pose it around maybe
+I_chtS82YaY-00444-00082326-00082493 quite like you'd like to when you have
+I_chtS82YaY-00445-00082494-00082744 this on here because the rubber of the
+I_chtS82YaY-00446-00082745-00082967 vest does prevent it from doing it you
+I_chtS82YaY-00447-00082968-00083249 can get really close but you can't quite
+I_chtS82YaY-00448-00083250-00083447 get it and you guys will see here that
+I_chtS82YaY-00449-00083448-00083585 it just kind of prevents it I mean if
+I_chtS82YaY-00450-00083586-00083765 you bend the arms like this right here
+I_chtS82YaY-00451-00083766-00083975 yeah again man it just it doesn't it
+I_chtS82YaY-00452-00083976-00084149 doesn't work it just doesn't work you
+I_chtS82YaY-00453-00084150-00084317 kind of close it down there and it just
+I_chtS82YaY-00454-00084318-00084509 it keeps separating as you guys can see
+I_chtS82YaY-00455-00084510-00084725 there but not a deal breaker it's just
+I_chtS82YaY-00456-00084726-00084862 kind of unfortunate if you have a claw
+I_chtS82YaY-00457-00084863-00085097 off you know AJ Styles hoodie from a
+I_chtS82YaY-00458-00085098-00085253 customizer or something could easily
+I_chtS82YaY-00459-00085254-00085391 throw that on there put the hood on
+I_chtS82YaY-00460-00085392-00085588 there and then bring this closer
+I_chtS82YaY-00461-00085589-00085811 together but this AJ Styles is just
+I_chtS82YaY-00462-00085812-00085955 simply phenomenal that's all I can say
+I_chtS82YaY-00463-00085956-00086099 and all the puns are intended and all
+I_chtS82YaY-00464-00086100-00086279 the AJ Styles and the greatness and the
+I_chtS82YaY-00465-00086280-00086579 epicness this AJ stylist is easily one
+I_chtS82YaY-00466-00086580-00086717 of my favorite ultimate editions they're
+I_chtS82YaY-00467-00086718-00086849 going to release this year and it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00468-00086850-00087035 probably I mean it's but it's gonna be
+I_chtS82YaY-00469-00087036-00087173 hard to beat this AJ Styles is
+I_chtS82YaY-00470-00087174-00087412 phenomenal but it's not perfect but I
+I_chtS82YaY-00471-00087413-00087538 have had a ton of fun with this figure
+I_chtS82YaY-00472-00087539-00087791 dude this this this AJ Styles beats the
+I_chtS82YaY-00473-00087792-00087947 hell out of every other AJ Styles we've
+I_chtS82YaY-00474-00087948-00088085 gotten from a Tails but I think that
+I_chtS82YaY-00475-00088086-00088294 pretty much wraps up our WWE Ultimate
+I_chtS82YaY-00476-00088295-00088582 Edition series 16 AJ Styles review man
+I_chtS82YaY-00477-00088583-00088799 had a lot of fun with the review I love
+I_chtS82YaY-00478-00088800-00089068 this figure I really do I will put my
+I_chtS82YaY-00479-00089069-00089309 seal of approvement on it man the MDT
+I_chtS82YaY-00480-00089310-00089555 seal of approval is all over this figure
+I_chtS82YaY-00481-00089556-00089825 best AJ Styles action figure ever made
+I_chtS82YaY-00482-00089826-00090071 hands down in my opinion I think that
+I_chtS82YaY-00483-00090072-00090275 the upgraded torso the way the figure
+I_chtS82YaY-00484-00090276-00090418 feels in hand it's kind of like the
+I_chtS82YaY-00485-00090419-00090635 updated Seth Rollins right it just feels
+I_chtS82YaY-00486-00090636-00090899 right it feels Perfection it feels a lot
+I_chtS82YaY-00487-00090900-00091097 like Ultimate Edition Kane it has the
+I_chtS82YaY-00488-00091098-00091271 drop down hips it's a lot like the
+I_chtS82YaY-00489-00091272-00091475 ultimate edition Brock Lesnar as well I
+I_chtS82YaY-00490-00091476-00091726 mean Mattel has so like they have
+I_chtS82YaY-00491-00091727-00092044 absolutely crushed it with this new wave
+I_chtS82YaY-00492-00092045-00092291 of action figures with WWE wrestling
+I_chtS82YaY-00493-00092292-00092476 figures man it's unbelievable it's it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00494-00092477-00092729 legitimately a perfect figure the only
+I_chtS82YaY-00495-00092730-00092944 things that I have wrong with this AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00496-00092945-00093143 Styles in particular is that it's not
+I_chtS82YaY-00497-00093144-00093347 the same skin tone as the rest of the AJ
+I_chtS82YaY-00498-00093348-00093581 Styles I think his figures do call for a
+I_chtS82YaY-00499-00093582-00093755 darker skin tone you know the Seth
+I_chtS82YaY-00500-00093756-00093965 Rollins skin tone the Randy Orton skin
+I_chtS82YaY-00501-00093966-00094132 tone I think it's the Seth Rollins skin
+I_chtS82YaY-00502-00094133-00094318 tone that he usually has I think that
+I_chtS82YaY-00503-00094319-00094517 one works better for AJ Styles I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00504-00094518-00094661 it's more accurate you can even see on
+I_chtS82YaY-00505-00094662-00094871 the back of the packaging them changing
+I_chtS82YaY-00506-00094872-00095075 the skin tone does bother me but I don't
+I_chtS82YaY-00507-00095076-00095237 think it's a complete deal breaker I
+I_chtS82YaY-00508-00095238-00095441 think it's still fine I think that chest
+I_chtS82YaY-00509-00095442-00095555 and stomach care would have made this
+I_chtS82YaY-00510-00095556-00095723 figure pop as well with a touch of
+I_chtS82YaY-00511-00095724-00095968 detail however I know it wasn't accurate
+I_chtS82YaY-00512-00095969-00096173 to the time I know that at WrestleMania
+I_chtS82YaY-00513-00096174-00096353 when he wore this gear he did not have
+I_chtS82YaY-00514-00096354-00096509 chest hair in that matchup so I
+I_chtS82YaY-00515-00096510-00096665 understand the reasoning behind it I
+I_chtS82YaY-00516-00096666-00096797 just think this figure would benefit
+I_chtS82YaY-00517-00096798-00097018 from some chest and stomach hair even if
+I_chtS82YaY-00518-00097019-00097175 it wasn't completely accurate I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00519-00097176-00097337 that yeah I think it just would make it
+I_chtS82YaY-00520-00097338-00097547 pop more and it would look so flat when
+I_chtS82YaY-00521-00097548-00097726 all of his accessories are off I think
+I_chtS82YaY-00522-00097727-00097918 the hoodie is fantastic the cloth Goods
+I_chtS82YaY-00523-00097919-00098081 over the top the only problem I have
+I_chtS82YaY-00524-00098082-00098291 with the hoodie is that the plastic you
+I_chtS82YaY-00525-00098292-00098500 know rubbery best style that they gave
+I_chtS82YaY-00526-00098501-00098675 him there to go with the cloth hoodie
+I_chtS82YaY-00527-00098676-00098855 does hinder the articulation when you
+I_chtS82YaY-00528-00098856-00099041 try to do the P1 stance you know with
+I_chtS82YaY-00529-00099042-00099215 the gloves kind of like college football
+I_chtS82YaY-00530-00099216-00099425 or you know football with the graphics
+I_chtS82YaY-00531-00099426-00099599 on the gloves which is really a gimmick
+I_chtS82YaY-00532-00099600-00099815 back in like 2012 2013 when I was
+I_chtS82YaY-00533-00099816-00099988 playing High School football so it's
+I_chtS82YaY-00534-00099989-00100162 still something that AJ Styles does and
+I_chtS82YaY-00535-00100163-00100349 I love it but I just thought you know
+I_chtS82YaY-00536-00100350-00100547 just a little antidote right there but
+I_chtS82YaY-00537-00100548-00100805 this figure is phenomenal all the puns
+I_chtS82YaY-00538-00100806-00101038 intended man it is beautiful white gear
+I_chtS82YaY-00539-00101039-00101237 the blue like this is all of my favorite
+I_chtS82YaY-00540-00101238-00101429 colors wrapped up into one and it's just
+I_chtS82YaY-00541-00101430-00101644 it's chef's kiss anytime I see this
+I_chtS82YaY-00542-00101645-00101837 figure at retail I will be obtaining it
+I_chtS82YaY-00543-00101838-00102053 and I think you should go grab this
+I_chtS82YaY-00544-00102054-00102161 figure man go over to ringside
+I_chtS82YaY-00545-00102162-00102311 collectibles if it's not available for
+I_chtS82YaY-00546-00102312-00102532 order reorder it right now go grab your
+I_chtS82YaY-00547-00102533-00102754 copy and when this thing hits retail you
+I_chtS82YaY-00548-00102755-00102910 might as well go grab that one as well
+I_chtS82YaY-00549-00102911-00103163 because this figure is simply phenomenal
+I_chtS82YaY-00550-00103164-00103349 and I love it so much I think it's just
+I_chtS82YaY-00551-00103350-00103492 so damn good man you definitely want to
+I_chtS82YaY-00552-00103493-00103649 go grab this one do not miss out on it
+I_chtS82YaY-00553-00103650-00103847 if you've missed every AJ Styles up to
+I_chtS82YaY-00554-00103848-00104099 now this is the one to buy if you want
+I_chtS82YaY-00555-00104100-00104254 to sell the rest of your AJ Styles and
+I_chtS82YaY-00556-00104255-00104494 get this one that is also okay because I
+I_chtS82YaY-00557-00104495-00104656 think this is the best AJ Styles action
+I_chtS82YaY-00558-00104657-00104945 figure to ever exist in the entire realm
+I_chtS82YaY-00559-00104946-00105166 of possibility that we exist in right
+I_chtS82YaY-00560-00105167-00105304 now nonetheless man that is going to
+I_chtS82YaY-00561-00105305-00105466 wrap up my video thank you guys so very
+I_chtS82YaY-00562-00105467-00105677 much for watching I also apologize again
+I_chtS82YaY-00563-00105678-00105827 for the camera quality and the weird
+I_chtS82YaY-00564-00105828-00106031 mishaps in this video man I do apologize
+I_chtS82YaY-00565-00106032-00106186 for that hopefully my new camera will
+I_chtS82YaY-00566-00106188-00106343 come in soon and we can get back to
+I_chtS82YaY-00567-00106344-00106504 business as usual but I appreciate you
+I_chtS82YaY-00568-00106505-00106673 guys so very much if you guys are
+I_chtS82YaY-00569-00106674-00106907 interested go sign up for the patreon
+I_chtS82YaY-00570-00106908-00107128 and check out our pro wrestling teas
+I_chtS82YaY-00571-00107129-00107351 merch right now the might end toys merch
+I_chtS82YaY-00572-00107352-00107578 store is up at pro wrestling tease down
+I_chtS82YaY-00573-00107579-00107704 in the comment section below definitely
+I_chtS82YaY-00574-00107705-00107860 go check it out I greatly appreciate it
+I_chtS82YaY-00575-00107861-00108047 again a t-shirt design is not up there
+I_chtS82YaY-00576-00108048-00108251 yet I've waited and waited on it to be
+I_chtS82YaY-00577-00108252-00108401 approved so I'm waiting on that so if
+I_chtS82YaY-00578-00108402-00108527 you guys want to wait on that new
+I_chtS82YaY-00579-00108528-00108784 edition t-shirt it'll be available on
+I_chtS82YaY-00580-00108785-00108971 Monday or Tuesday Tuesday probably and
+I_chtS82YaY-00581-00108972-00109133 I'll probably plug it in another video
+I_chtS82YaY-00582-00109133-00109313 so if you guys want to wait on that
+I_chtS82YaY-00583-00109314-00109457 design that's completely okay with me
+I_chtS82YaY-00584-00109458-00109636 but any support of the channel is
+I_chtS82YaY-00585-00109638-00109793 greatly appreciated man so go check out
+I_chtS82YaY-00586-00109794-00109901 the patreon if it's something you're
+I_chtS82YaY-00587-00109902-00110110 interested in definitely join on I look
+I_chtS82YaY-00588-00110111-00110249 forward to building a community with you
+I_chtS82YaY-00589-00110250-00110440 guys over there and then of course grab
+I_chtS82YaY-00590-00110441-00110699 yourself some MDT merch or um MDT
+I_chtS82YaY-00591-00110700-00110915 t-shirt over on the pro wrestling Tea
+I_chtS82YaY-00592-00110916-00111052 Store but I appreciate you guys so very
+I_chtS82YaY-00593-00111053-00111154 much thank you guys for watching
+I_chtS82YaY-00594-00111155-00111275 subscribe to the channel follow me on
+I_chtS82YaY-00595-00111276-00111395 Instagram Twitter and Tick Tock at my
+I_chtS82YaY-00596-00111396-00111545 damn toys I'll see you guys in the next
+I_chtS82YaY-00597-00111546-00111743 video have a blessed one and I'll see
+I_chtS82YaY-00598-00111744-00112019 you next time
+I_chtS82YaY-00599-00112020-00112660 [Music]
+I_chtS82YaY-00600-00112661-00112901 welcome
+I_chtS82YaY-00601-00112902-00113720 [Music]
+I_chtS82YaY-00602-00113721-00113855 [Applause]
+I_chtS82YaY-00603-00113856-00114456 [Music]
+IFn0-lapgnU-00000-00000159-00000311 good evening everyone and welcome to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00001-00000312-00000526 this webinar on suicide prevention for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00002-00000527-00000774 lgbt iqa plus people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00003-00000775-00001039 and communities i'd like to welcome all
+IFn0-lapgnU-00004-00001040-00001183 of the people who have joined us here
+IFn0-lapgnU-00005-00001184-00001343 this evening and also the people who are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00006-00001344-00001582 going to be watching this on recording
+IFn0-lapgnU-00007-00001583-00001734 mhpm would like to acknowledge the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00008-00001735-00001951 traditional custodians of the land seas
+IFn0-lapgnU-00009-00001952-00002199 and waterways across australia upon
+IFn0-lapgnU-00010-00002200-00002342 which our webinar presenters and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00011-00002343-00002615 participants are located we wish to pay
+IFn0-lapgnU-00012-00002616-00002758 our respect to the elders past and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00013-00002759-00003007 present for the memories the traditions
+IFn0-lapgnU-00014-00003008-00003191 the cultures and hopes of aboriginal and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00015-00003192-00003431 torres strait islander australia
+IFn0-lapgnU-00016-00003432-00003654 i'm dr damian riggs i'm a professor in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00017-00003655-00003831 psychology at flinders university and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00018-00003832-00004054 i'm a psychotherapist who works with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00019-00004055-00004406 trans young people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00020-00004407-00004686 next slide please thank you um i would
+IFn0-lapgnU-00021-00004687-00004886 like to introduce our previous slides
+IFn0-lapgnU-00022-00004887-00005111 sorry i would like to introduce our
+IFn0-lapgnU-00023-00005112-00005286 panelists for this evening
+IFn0-lapgnU-00024-00005287-00005551 uh the first panelist is dr
+IFn0-lapgnU-00025-00005552-00005895 atari metcalf atari could you explain a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00026-00005896-00006111 little bit about your background coming
+IFn0-lapgnU-00027-00006112-00006311 into general practice
+IFn0-lapgnU-00028-00006312-00006527 sure thanks damian and welcome everyone
+IFn0-lapgnU-00029-00006528-00006806 so i'm a fairly new transplant general
+IFn0-lapgnU-00030-00006808-00007031 practice uh just over a month into my
+IFn0-lapgnU-00031-00007031-00007239 first year as a registrar
+IFn0-lapgnU-00032-00007240-00007398 so i just finished my residency and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00033-00007400-00007614 internship so prior to this was working
+IFn0-lapgnU-00034-00007615-00007774 predominantly in emergency and inpatient
+IFn0-lapgnU-00035-00007775-00007967 psychiatry settings
+IFn0-lapgnU-00036-00007968-00008214 and prior to that i spent about 15 years
+IFn0-lapgnU-00037-00008215-00008423 before practicing medicine working in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00038-00008424-00008646 research and policy with a focus on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00039-00008647-00008839 youth mental health and suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00040-00008840-00009071 prevention program evaluation
+IFn0-lapgnU-00041-00009072-00009206 and as part of that did quite a lot of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00042-00009207-00009542 work with lgbtq populations
+IFn0-lapgnU-00043-00009543-00009814 and i identify as a trans masculine
+IFn0-lapgnU-00044-00009815-00009910 person
+IFn0-lapgnU-00045-00009911-00010142 that's me thank you terry
+IFn0-lapgnU-00046-00010143-00010383 our next speaker is emerson osterberg
+IFn0-lapgnU-00047-00010384-00010574 msm would you like to tell me a little
+IFn0-lapgnU-00048-00010575-00010774 bit about how you came to be working
+IFn0-lapgnU-00049-00010775-00011038 with lgbtqia plus young people and their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00050-00011039-00011151 families
+IFn0-lapgnU-00051-00011152-00011238 sure
+IFn0-lapgnU-00052-00011239-00011503 great to be here tonight uh so i work in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00053-00011504-00011719 private practice and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00054-00011720-00011919 along my journey uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00055-00011920-00012127 saw a real need to be able to provide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00056-00012128-00012399 safe spaces for lgbt
+IFn0-lapgnU-00057-00012400-00012638 qia plus young people and their families
+IFn0-lapgnU-00058-00012639-00012751 and so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00059-00012752-00013063 um that was one of the the spaces that i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00060-00013063-00013238 made sure that we could provide that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00061-00013240-00013415 space and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00062-00013416-00013783 um provide much needed support
+IFn0-lapgnU-00063-00013784-00013927 thank you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00064-00013928-00014119 and our third speaker is damian bronson
+IFn0-lapgnU-00065-00014119-00014303 jamie could you tell me a little bit
+IFn0-lapgnU-00066-00014304-00014479 about what motivated you to work and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00067-00014480-00015007 research in the area of suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00068-00015008-00015166 damien you're muted
+IFn0-lapgnU-00069-00015168-00015550 you said i had to be one hi um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00070-00015551-00015750 i'm just good evening everybody i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00071-00015751-00015927 damian i'm an aboriginal australian gay
+IFn0-lapgnU-00072-00015928-00016166 man i started working in suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00073-00016168-00016486 prevention in the kimberley around 2011.
+IFn0-lapgnU-00074-00016487-00016583 um i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00075-00016584-00016735 pivoted out of a social work double
+IFn0-lapgnU-00076-00016736-00016991 degree into source psychology after
+IFn0-lapgnU-00077-00016992-00017143 witnessing what was happening out in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00078-00017144-00017350 communities there was a lot of programs
+IFn0-lapgnU-00079-00017351-00017503 um that were being rolled out in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00080-00017504-00017679 communities across the kimberley but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00081-00017680-00017855 they didn't seem to be working so i've
+IFn0-lapgnU-00082-00017856-00018055 um have a postgraduate qualification and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00083-00018056-00018207 source ideology because i wanted to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00084-00018208-00018367 understand what it is that we needed to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00085-00018368-00018599 do i'm also the founder of black rainbow
+IFn0-lapgnU-00086-00018600-00018775 which is more specifically around the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00087-00018776-00018999 prevention of suicide for the aboriginal
+IFn0-lapgnU-00088-00019000-00019286 target under lgbtqti uh community
+IFn0-lapgnU-00089-00019287-00019486 because there is a distinct lack of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00090-00019487-00019727 research uh resources and evidence in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00091-00019728-00019879 terms of the prevention of suicide for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00092-00019880-00020063 our little community
+IFn0-lapgnU-00093-00020064-00020214 thanks damian
+IFn0-lapgnU-00094-00020215-00020630 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00095-00020631-00020839 so obviously you know when we're working
+IFn0-lapgnU-00096-00020840-00020991 in groups we want to be really mindful
+IFn0-lapgnU-00097-00020992-00021119 that we're being respectful of other
+IFn0-lapgnU-00098-00021120-00021303 people and respectful of us as panelists
+IFn0-lapgnU-00099-00021304-00021511 and facilitator
+IFn0-lapgnU-00100-00021512-00021735 so what's going to happen this evening
+IFn0-lapgnU-00101-00021736-00021950 is we're going to each of the panelists
+IFn0-lapgnU-00102-00021951-00022255 will give a short talk about what their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00103-00022256-00022414 it looks like in their discipline to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00104-00022415-00022575 working in this area and then we're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00105-00022576-00022799 going to have q a at the end so we just
+IFn0-lapgnU-00106-00022800-00022950 wanted to start off with just a few
+IFn0-lapgnU-00107-00022951-00023247 definitions uh because for some people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00108-00023248-00023383 some of these uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00109-00023384-00023511 population groups that we're talking
+IFn0-lapgnU-00110-00023512-00023686 about today may be new to you or maybe
+IFn0-lapgnU-00111-00023687-00023886 unfamiliar so we're not trying to cover
+IFn0-lapgnU-00112-00023887-00024007 everything that people are going to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00113-00024008-00024191 talking about today but just to give a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00114-00024192-00024375 little snapshot of some sort of terms
+IFn0-lapgnU-00115-00024376-00024591 you may not be aware of so you would
+IFn0-lapgnU-00116-00024592-00024719 hopefully be very
+IFn0-lapgnU-00117-00024720-00025022 aware of the term trans or other people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00118-00025023-00025183 might use transgender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00119-00025184-00025327 and we want to sort of note that is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00120-00025328-00025591 comparison with cisgender people or cis
+IFn0-lapgnU-00121-00025592-00025750 so you might hear our speakers talking
+IFn0-lapgnU-00122-00025751-00025974 about that a lot this evening so most
+IFn0-lapgnU-00123-00025975-00026311 people in society would say around 97 98
+IFn0-lapgnU-00124-00026312-00026599 of people would be cisgender and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00125-00026600-00026735 you know two to three percent of people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00126-00026736-00026935 would be trans when it comes to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00127-00026936-00027111 sexuality so a different topic here
+IFn0-lapgnU-00128-00027112-00027279 shifting from gender modality to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00129-00027280-00027607 sexuality um pansexual might be a new um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00130-00027608-00027814 concept for some people you may be more
+IFn0-lapgnU-00131-00027816-00028023 familiar with bisexual pansexual is a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00132-00028024-00028255 term that used to describe an attraction
+IFn0-lapgnU-00133-00028256-00028439 to people of a diversity of genders or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00134-00028439-00028607 all genders which is not to say the same
+IFn0-lapgnU-00135-00028608-00028839 is true for bisexual people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00136-00028839-00029062 but hands a more recent term to sort of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00137-00029063-00029214 use that more encompassing way of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00138-00029216-00029383 thinking about gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00139-00029383-00029558 an asexual again is another sexual
+IFn0-lapgnU-00140-00029560-00029655 identity
+IFn0-lapgnU-00141-00029656-00029879 that we really want to be very clear um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00142-00029880-00030118 is not pathologizing is not sort of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00143-00030119-00030239 thinking about
+IFn0-lapgnU-00144-00030239-00030502 people's some sort of problematic
+IFn0-lapgnU-00145-00030503-00030695 lack of interest in other people but it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00146-00030695-00030927 describes a continuum of interest or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00147-00030927-00031143 desire and sexual activity it doesn't
+IFn0-lapgnU-00148-00031144-00031439 necessarily mean no interest in intimacy
+IFn0-lapgnU-00149-00031439-00031662 but it it typically means no interest in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00150-00031663-00031807 sexual activity
+IFn0-lapgnU-00151-00031808-00031999 so as i've already mentioned when we're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00152-00032000-00032255 talking about population sizes we have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00153-00032256-00032470 you know some information in australia
+IFn0-lapgnU-00154-00032472-00032623 but we have probably more robust
+IFn0-lapgnU-00155-00032624-00032799 information from overseas and there's no
+IFn0-lapgnU-00156-00032800-00032935 reason to think why that wouldn't
+IFn0-lapgnU-00157-00032936-00033174 translate to australia so around three
+IFn0-lapgnU-00158-00033175-00033374 percent of people are likely to be trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-00159-00033375-00033543 or exploring the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00160-00033544-00033671 agenda or thinking about what their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00161-00033672-00033927 gender means for them about 1.7 of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00162-00033928-00034143 people are likely to be intersex
+IFn0-lapgnU-00163-00034144-00034359 and around three percent of people age
+IFn0-lapgnU-00164-00034360-00034567 18 or over are unlikely to identify as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00165-00034568-00034735 gay lesbian or other and that can
+IFn0-lapgnU-00166-00034736-00034887 include pansexual that can include
+IFn0-lapgnU-00167-00034888-00035102 asexual
+IFn0-lapgnU-00168-00035103-00035255 just a few little numbers here that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00169-00035256-00035415 atari put together for us from the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00170-00035416-00035639 private life study um just to think
+IFn0-lapgnU-00171-00035640-00035830 about suicidal ideation what it looks
+IFn0-lapgnU-00172-00035831-00035999 like in these populations that we're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00173-00036000-00036239 talking about today so these very high
+IFn0-lapgnU-00174-00036240-00036471 numbers over three quarters of oh no
+IFn0-lapgnU-00175-00036472-00036623 just such actually sorry three-quarters
+IFn0-lapgnU-00176-00036624-00036759 of the population
+IFn0-lapgnU-00177-00036760-00037062 um report lifetime suicidal ideation
+IFn0-lapgnU-00178-00037063-00037207 and you know a little under half in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00179-00037208-00037415 last 12 months and if we look at this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00180-00037416-00037590 nice little sort of flowchart that atari
+IFn0-lapgnU-00181-00037591-00037735 did it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00182-00037736-00037902 this is most likely to be the case for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00183-00037903-00038095 trans men followed by
+IFn0-lapgnU-00184-00038096-00038279 only people trans people cis women and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00185-00038280-00038462 cis men when we're talking about gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00186-00038463-00038671 when we're talking about sexuality it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00187-00038672-00038855 most likely to be the case for pansexual
+IFn0-lapgnU-00188-00038856-00039087 people followed by queer asexual either
+IFn0-lapgnU-00189-00039088-00039295 by lesbian and gay so there's lots of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00190-00039296-00039423 different steps we could have thrown at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00191-00039424-00039607 you but we just wanted to highlight
+IFn0-lapgnU-00192-00039608-00039823 these really high rates of suicidality
+IFn0-lapgnU-00193-00039824-00040095 including in the last 12 months for lgbt
+IFn0-lapgnU-00194-00040096-00040399 qaa plus people and to look at some of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00195-00040400-00040567 those points of difference who's more
+IFn0-lapgnU-00196-00040568-00040846 likely this is to be true for and we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00197-00040847-00041071 also wanted to really note
+IFn0-lapgnU-00198-00041072-00041207 that we're working here today and we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00199-00041208-00041423 would encourage
+IFn0-lapgnU-00200-00041424-00041535 everyone else to work with the language
+IFn0-lapgnU-00201-00041536-00041718 of diet by suicide we know that there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00202-00041719-00041895 other terms that gets used in the media
+IFn0-lapgnU-00203-00041896-00042046 that's sort of quite blaming of people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00204-00042047-00042199 who have died by suicide so we want to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00205-00042200-00042279 really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00206-00042280-00042599 enjoy your attention to that language
+IFn0-lapgnU-00207-00042600-00042902 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00208-00042903-00043039 so as you will have already seen these
+IFn0-lapgnU-00209-00043040-00043158 are the learning outcomes and we're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00210-00043159-00043358 going to be looking at these through
+IFn0-lapgnU-00211-00043359-00043543 each clinician's own experiences but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00212-00043544-00043815 also talking for some people around the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00213-00043816-00043958 case study that we've sent through to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00214-00043959-00044190 you that focuses on kara a trans woman
+IFn0-lapgnU-00215-00044191-00044407 and her own journey through self-harm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00216-00044408-00044583 and what that means in her relationships
+IFn0-lapgnU-00217-00044584-00044790 with other people including her mental
+IFn0-lapgnU-00218-00044791-00045118 health professional
+IFn0-lapgnU-00219-00045119-00045399 so i think that's enough from me i think
+IFn0-lapgnU-00220-00045400-00045551 we'll start with the presentation so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00221-00045552-00045702 that we can get going and leave lots of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00222-00045703-00045999 time for questions atari next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00223-00046000-00046255 please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00224-00046256-00046558 thank you damian so as damian explained
+IFn0-lapgnU-00225-00046559-00046758 um it's a very big topic so i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00226-00046759-00046902 obviously just going to focus more on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00227-00046903-00047102 the general practice setting um and i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00228-00047103-00047271 going to focus quite a lot on our case
+IFn0-lapgnU-00229-00047272-00047535 study and try and draw that into uh into
+IFn0-lapgnU-00230-00047536-00047686 my presentation but there's certainly
+IFn0-lapgnU-00231-00047687-00048015 space in the q a to explore this more uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00232-00048016-00048358 afterwards um so thinking about how we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00233-00048359-00048671 might come to engage with a person who's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00234-00048672-00048927 transgender diverse or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00235-00048928-00049071 lgb
+IFn0-lapgnU-00236-00049072-00049255 in general practice well they might come
+IFn0-lapgnU-00237-00049256-00049430 to you for one of broadly three
+IFn0-lapgnU-00238-00049431-00049574 different things in terms of where it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00239-00049575-00049751 becomes really relevant to think about
+IFn0-lapgnU-00240-00049752-00049943 gender and sexuality so they might be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00241-00049944-00050143 exploring their sexual identity or their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00242-00050144-00050311 their gender identity it might be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00243-00050312-00050455 different stages as they progress
+IFn0-lapgnU-00244-00050456-00050655 towards exploring coming out to others
+IFn0-lapgnU-00245-00050656-00050846 in their lives they might be coming to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00246-00050847-00051086 you as a doctor to initiate gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00247-00051087-00051270 affirmation through hormones or surgery
+IFn0-lapgnU-00248-00051271-00051479 or other pathways
+IFn0-lapgnU-00249-00051479-00051687 and really importantly they might just
+IFn0-lapgnU-00250-00051688-00051870 be coming to you for broader mental
+IFn0-lapgnU-00251-00051871-00052102 health support or medical support it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00252-00052103-00052319 really important to remember as i often
+IFn0-lapgnU-00253-00052320-00052542 recall the trans broken arm analogy
+IFn0-lapgnU-00254-00052544-00052663 which is that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00255-00052664-00052838 just because somebody's presented to you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00256-00052839-00053015 with a broken arm and they happen to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00257-00053016-00053215 trans you don't have to always focus
+IFn0-lapgnU-00258-00053216-00053407 entirely on their sexuality or gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00259-00053408-00053663 but it absolutely is very relevant and i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00260-00053664-00053815 think it's really important to not
+IFn0-lapgnU-00261-00053816-00054087 acknowledge that many trans people have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00262-00054088-00054263 had really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00263-00054264-00054454 often quite scary experiences of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00264-00054455-00054663 accessing healthcare and quite negative
+IFn0-lapgnU-00265-00054664-00054863 experiences as others will expand on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00266-00054864-00055142 later in the presentation um and so it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00267-00055144-00055342 is absolutely relevant to be mindful and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00268-00055344-00055487 and conscientious
+IFn0-lapgnU-00269-00055488-00055726 um and i guess when it comes to suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00270-00055727-00055950 specifically if you've got you know a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00271-00055951-00056094 patient in front of you they may be in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00272-00056095-00056271 acute crisis or it might come up through
+IFn0-lapgnU-00273-00056272-00056454 these conversations
+IFn0-lapgnU-00274-00056455-00056654 for cara there's a number of things that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00275-00056655-00056830 kind of stood out in the in the case
+IFn0-lapgnU-00276-00056832-00057087 study as sort of proximal stresses that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00277-00057088-00057294 might have precipitated her presenting
+IFn0-lapgnU-00278-00057295-00057454 for an acute you know more of an acute
+IFn0-lapgnU-00279-00057455-00057630 crisis so it's mentioned at the bit at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00280-00057632-00057750 the end of the case study that she's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00281-00057751-00057894 been thinking about self-harm and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00282-00057895-00058126 worried that it might be escalating and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00283-00058127-00058303 transforming into perhaps suicidal
+IFn0-lapgnU-00284-00058304-00058438 ideation although it's not clearly
+IFn0-lapgnU-00285-00058439-00058575 stated and it's obviously something
+IFn0-lapgnU-00286-00058576-00058799 you'd need to explore but and there's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00287-00058800-00058999 few reasons for that perhaps
+IFn0-lapgnU-00288-00059000-00059230 i highlighted that i needed to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00289-00059232-00059382 expanded on so one is the recent
+IFn0-lapgnU-00290-00059383-00059623 relationship breakdown um and there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00291-00059624-00059799 some suggestion of possibly some some
+IFn0-lapgnU-00292-00059800-00060007 domestic violence in that setting she's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00293-00060008-00060159 socially isolated and feeling quite
+IFn0-lapgnU-00294-00060160-00060391 lonely and in the distant past she
+IFn0-lapgnU-00295-00060391-00060591 experienced pretty significant parental
+IFn0-lapgnU-00296-00060591-00060791 projection has a past experience of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00297-00060791-00061054 anxiety um and has has had a really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00298-00061055-00061335 negative experience of exploring um her
+IFn0-lapgnU-00299-00061336-00061511 gender with like a psychologist so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00300-00061512-00061766 there's a lot to unpack there
+IFn0-lapgnU-00301-00061767-00061975 and it's really important as as medical
+IFn0-lapgnU-00302-00061976-00062119 practitioners and as mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-00303-00062120-00062366 practitioners not to fall into the trap
+IFn0-lapgnU-00304-00062367-00062542 of inadvertently pathologizing someone's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00305-00062544-00062703 gender or sexuality when you're engaging
+IFn0-lapgnU-00306-00062704-00062854 them early on because that's something
+IFn0-lapgnU-00307-00062855-00063063 that many of us would be very sensitive
+IFn0-lapgnU-00308-00063064-00063150 to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00309-00063151-00063382 next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00310-00063383-00063559 thank you so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00311-00063560-00063815 hopefully before cara steps into your
+IFn0-lapgnU-00312-00063816-00063911 practice
+IFn0-lapgnU-00313-00063912-00064094 you've already had a look at your at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00314-00064095-00064319 your practice and considered what is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00315-00064320-00064559 safe or unsafe about this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00316-00064560-00064703 and i think you know looking at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00317-00064704-00064830 people and the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00318-00064832-00064999 the physical environment
+IFn0-lapgnU-00319-00065000-00065215 and your systems is really important um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00320-00065216-00065359 to have an audit of your organization
+IFn0-lapgnU-00321-00065360-00065503 there's some fantastic resources we'll
+IFn0-lapgnU-00322-00065504-00065726 share at the end with sort of checklists
+IFn0-lapgnU-00323-00065727-00065887 that you can literally use to kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00324-00065888-00066047 assess you at your space
+IFn0-lapgnU-00325-00066048-00066215 but this means you know making sure your
+IFn0-lapgnU-00326-00066216-00066391 staff are competent including the trauma
+IFn0-lapgnU-00327-00066392-00066655 informed kind of approach to care um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00328-00066656-00066894 sign posting with literally signs or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00329-00066895-00067055 pronoun badges
+IFn0-lapgnU-00330-00067056-00067199 and then looking at your intake systems
+IFn0-lapgnU-00331-00067200-00067343 making sure you don't make assumptions
+IFn0-lapgnU-00332-00067344-00067494 about gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00333-00067495-00067735 space for changing legal names and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00334-00067736-00067982 preferred names those sorts of things
+IFn0-lapgnU-00335-00067983-00068263 next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00336-00068264-00068487 and once you have someone like car in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00337-00068488-00068703 front of you it's really important as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00338-00068704-00068855 would be the case in all mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-00339-00068856-00069015 uh practice to try and make sure you've
+IFn0-lapgnU-00340-00069016-00069294 got a nice quiet uh confidential space
+IFn0-lapgnU-00341-00069295-00069447 where you're not gonna be interrupted so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00342-00069448-00069623 you can really sit down and explore
+IFn0-lapgnU-00343-00069624-00069791 things further
+IFn0-lapgnU-00344-00069792-00069991 first up with all
+IFn0-lapgnU-00345-00069992-00070143 all people not just trans people i think
+IFn0-lapgnU-00346-00070144-00070287 we really need to normalize the practice
+IFn0-lapgnU-00347-00070288-00070526 of just clarifying pronouns so i use he
+IFn0-lapgnU-00348-00070527-00070806 or they and as many of the introductions
+IFn0-lapgnU-00349-00070807-00071062 um stated that that initially um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00350-00071063-00071279 signposts to a trans person that you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00351-00071280-00071494 thinking about gender and you're you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00352-00071495-00071679 inclusive um but it's also worth
+IFn0-lapgnU-00353-00071680-00071823 clarifying are there any people that you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00354-00071824-00071975 use different pronouns with their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00355-00071976-00072094 different names using certain
+IFn0-lapgnU-00356-00072095-00072238 circumstances especially if they're not
+IFn0-lapgnU-00357-00072239-00072431 necessarily out to everyone or in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00358-00072432-00072671 different domains of their lives um i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00359-00072672-00072775 not going to go through the entire
+IFn0-lapgnU-00360-00072776-00072911 medical history because that's something
+IFn0-lapgnU-00361-00072912-00073094 that you'll be familiar with already but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00362-00073095-00073255 i just draw attention to a few important
+IFn0-lapgnU-00363-00073256-00073399 things for trans and gender diverse
+IFn0-lapgnU-00364-00073400-00073559 people and in particular when you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00365-00073560-00073711 exploring the social connections
+IFn0-lapgnU-00366-00073712-00073862 understanding if they have a connection
+IFn0-lapgnU-00367-00073863-00073950 to the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00368-00073951-00074223 lgbtq community and that includes online
+IFn0-lapgnU-00369-00074224-00074415 supports as well which can play a big
+IFn0-lapgnU-00370-00074416-00074559 role um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00371-00074560-00074750 for these communities in in supporting
+IFn0-lapgnU-00372-00074751-00074999 them um and then in terms of their past
+IFn0-lapgnU-00373-00075000-00075175 mental health history exploring again
+IFn0-lapgnU-00374-00075176-00075335 gently what their experience has been
+IFn0-lapgnU-00375-00075336-00075575 like um we know with cara there's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00376-00075576-00075750 number of things in her in her history
+IFn0-lapgnU-00377-00075751-00075991 that are quite protective so she's got a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00378-00075992-00076223 job in aged care which she loves um but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00379-00076224-00076406 there's also some some tensions around
+IFn0-lapgnU-00380-00076407-00076559 family and i think it's important to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00381-00076560-00076743 explore she hasn't chosen family which
+IFn0-lapgnU-00382-00076744-00076911 is a concept that will be expanded on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00383-00076912-00077047 further in the presentation but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00384-00077048-00077391 recognizing that many trans and lgb
+IFn0-lapgnU-00385-00077392-00077615 people have lost connections with their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00386-00077616-00077815 traditional families
+IFn0-lapgnU-00387-00077816-00078047 and when you're exploring uh that past
+IFn0-lapgnU-00388-00078048-00078182 medical history of explaining self-harm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00389-00078183-00078343 behaviors recognizing too that language
+IFn0-lapgnU-00390-00078344-00078615 around bodies is really important so so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00391-00078616-00078806 be guided by what the person in front of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00392-00078807-00079079 you uses um so recognizing especially
+IFn0-lapgnU-00393-00079080-00079255 for trans people that they might direct
+IFn0-lapgnU-00394-00079256-00079487 self-harm towards particular anatomy
+IFn0-lapgnU-00395-00079488-00079679 that they're perhaps experiencing
+IFn0-lapgnU-00396-00079680-00079831 discordance with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00397-00079832-00080031 so for trans masculine people that might
+IFn0-lapgnU-00398-00080032-00080255 be using words like chest instead of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00399-00080256-00080359 breasts
+IFn0-lapgnU-00400-00080360-00080591 but really guided by the patient
+IFn0-lapgnU-00401-00080592-00080975 themselves uh next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00402-00080976-00081223 uh and similarly for medical history and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00403-00081224-00081391 there are i guess a few exceptional
+IFn0-lapgnU-00404-00081392-00081743 things to note um so transgender diverse
+IFn0-lapgnU-00405-00081744-00081926 people may be taking hormones not all
+IFn0-lapgnU-00406-00081927-00082159 people will medically um undergo
+IFn0-lapgnU-00407-00082160-00082431 affirmation uh therapies but but making
+IFn0-lapgnU-00408-00082432-00082582 sure you've got that documented really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00409-00082583-00082806 well and i think especially for gps it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00410-00082807-00082959 important to maintain that up-to-date
+IFn0-lapgnU-00411-00082960-00083143 list of you know medications for all
+IFn0-lapgnU-00412-00083144-00083318 your patients but recognizing that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00413-00083319-00083462 hormone therapy is something that other
+IFn0-lapgnU-00414-00083463-00083606 practitioners may be less familiar with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00415-00083607-00083775 and so when making referrals it's really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00416-00083776-00084023 important to have all of that down and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00417-00084024-00084206 antiretroviral therapies in terms of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00418-00084207-00084423 things like pre-exposure post-exposure
+IFn0-lapgnU-00419-00084424-00084606 and treatment for hiv
+IFn0-lapgnU-00420-00084607-00084926 might be important to note um as i said
+IFn0-lapgnU-00421-00084927-00085079 before don't assume when exploring the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00422-00085080-00085215 developmental history that all
+IFn0-lapgnU-00423-00085216-00085350 suicidality or mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-00424-00085351-00085575 difficulties arise from discordance with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00425-00085576-00085743 gender or sexuality
+IFn0-lapgnU-00426-00085744-00085959 and make sure you do a thorough broader
+IFn0-lapgnU-00427-00085960-00086223 history about about their background but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00428-00086224-00086438 do still consider gently exploring it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00429-00086439-00086606 with them and particularly how
+IFn0-lapgnU-00430-00086607-00086806 comfortable people are with themselves
+IFn0-lapgnU-00431-00086807-00087062 how they cope with transphobia and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00432-00087063-00087311 homophobia um because you know it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00433-00087312-00087503 really quite common as we'll hear in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00434-00087504-00087767 further uh presentations just how almost
+IFn0-lapgnU-00435-00087768-00088015 universal it is so how is it that people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00436-00088016-00088150 bounce back from that what are the kinds
+IFn0-lapgnU-00437-00088151-00088350 of strategies i use to keep you know
+IFn0-lapgnU-00438-00088351-00088535 keep themselves feeling feeling good and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00439-00088536-00088671 affirmed
+IFn0-lapgnU-00440-00088672-00088982 next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00441-00088983-00089167 so as i said before there are a number
+IFn0-lapgnU-00442-00089168-00089455 of different acute stresses that can
+IFn0-lapgnU-00443-00089456-00089711 commonly present for patients who are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00444-00089712-00089991 suicidal in my experience and and these
+IFn0-lapgnU-00445-00089992-00090167 are not necessarily that specific to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00446-00090168-00090335 lgbt people but
+IFn0-lapgnU-00447-00090336-00090487 i do want to draw attention to the fact
+IFn0-lapgnU-00448-00090488-00090718 that insecure housing and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00449-00090719-00090894 employment and food security are major
+IFn0-lapgnU-00450-00090895-00091215 problems particularly for trans people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00451-00091216-00091375 this isn't necessarily the case we don't
+IFn0-lapgnU-00452-00091376-00091567 know with kara in this case study if
+IFn0-lapgnU-00453-00091568-00091711 this is going on but you definitely need
+IFn0-lapgnU-00454-00091712-00091838 to explore it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00455-00091839-00092047 there's extreme levels of discrimination
+IFn0-lapgnU-00456-00092048-00092215 in the workplace for trans populations
+IFn0-lapgnU-00457-00092216-00092471 and often that obviously creates cycles
+IFn0-lapgnU-00458-00092472-00092671 of difficulty in terms of accessing
+IFn0-lapgnU-00459-00092672-00092871 secure housing as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-00460-00092872-00093071 exploring identity documentation
+IFn0-lapgnU-00461-00093072-00093247 difficulties is also something that's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00462-00093248-00093382 been recognized in a number of studies
+IFn0-lapgnU-00463-00093383-00093647 that can precipitate suicidal crises in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00464-00093648-00093806 this population because that sets off
+IFn0-lapgnU-00465-00093807-00094006 another large chain of events and having
+IFn0-lapgnU-00466-00094007-00094199 to out themselves every time they are in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00467-00094200-00094406 the process of accessing um any kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00468-00094407-00094647 government service or applying for a job
+IFn0-lapgnU-00469-00094648-00094871 and of course drug and alcohol use is is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00470-00094872-00094999 quite uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00471-00095000-00095247 prevalent in the lgbt community it's not
+IFn0-lapgnU-00472-00095248-00095455 all necessary problematic use but you do
+IFn0-lapgnU-00473-00095456-00095582 need to take a thorough history and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00474-00095583-00095811 understand you know if if this is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00475-00095812-00096038 necessary factor we don't know actually
+IFn0-lapgnU-00476-00096039-00096159 with cairo it's not something we've
+IFn0-lapgnU-00477-00096160-00096391 explored yet in the case study next
+IFn0-lapgnU-00478-00096392-00096694 slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00479-00096695-00096943 so once you've you've explored all of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00480-00096944-00097094 that and you've made your sort of risk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00481-00097095-00097311 assessment uh with the person in front
+IFn0-lapgnU-00482-00097312-00097462 of you um and you've explored the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00483-00097463-00097687 suicidal crisis if that's the case which
+IFn0-lapgnU-00484-00097688-00097911 i'm sort of focusing on really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00485-00097912-00098111 given given the case study you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00486-00098112-00098223 obviously going to make your risk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00487-00098224-00098374 assessment and engage in some form of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00488-00098375-00098526 safety planning there's some really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00489-00098527-00098679 great sort of generic tools out there
+IFn0-lapgnU-00490-00098680-00098903 but i would highlight that there is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00491-00098904-00099111 some fantastic resources through acorns
+IFn0-lapgnU-00492-00099112-00099326 trans vitality e-learning which is a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00493-00099327-00099518 four-part module it's available through
+IFn0-lapgnU-00494-00099519-00099655 the link there and it'll be circulated
+IFn0-lapgnU-00495-00099656-00099799 later
+IFn0-lapgnU-00496-00099800-00099959 and that's specifically around suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00497-00099960-00100118 prevention intervention skills for the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00498-00100119-00100279 trans community if you want to kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00499-00100280-00100559 use this as a springing zone um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00500-00100560-00100655 there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00501-00100656-00100926 i guess importantly for for trans folk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00502-00100927-00101038 if you're thinking you know what this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00503-00101039-00101262 person's really an imminent risk and you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00504-00101263-00101438 collaborate with them around a plan to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00505-00101439-00101615 escalate to more acute care services
+IFn0-lapgnU-00506-00101616-00101791 such as emergency department or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00507-00101792-00101982 psychiatric support
+IFn0-lapgnU-00508-00101983-00102199 i'd really strongly encourage you to to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00509-00102200-00102350 call ahead and have a chat to the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00510-00102351-00102518 admitting officer and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00511-00102519-00102718 and make sure that you flag with them
+IFn0-lapgnU-00512-00102719-00102806 any
+IFn0-lapgnU-00513-00102807-00103039 difficulties or foreseen difficulties
+IFn0-lapgnU-00514-00103040-00103151 that this person might encounter
+IFn0-lapgnU-00515-00103152-00103358 particularly in relation to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00516-00103359-00103599 pronouns names legal
+IFn0-lapgnU-00517-00103600-00103799 discrepancies between legal name
+IFn0-lapgnU-00518-00103800-00103982 medicare name those sorts of things just
+IFn0-lapgnU-00519-00103983-00104134 to create a smoother environment and not
+IFn0-lapgnU-00520-00104135-00104399 to reinforce that kind of trauma um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00521-00104400-00104566 similarly in terms of access to hormones
+IFn0-lapgnU-00522-00104567-00104710 it can be a real challenge in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00523-00104711-00104854 inpatient setting and i think it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00524-00104855-00105078 important as gps to advocate
+IFn0-lapgnU-00525-00105079-00105302 as best you can with with that kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00526-00105303-00105399 heads up
+IFn0-lapgnU-00527-00105400-00105647 similarly if it's you know maybe less
+IFn0-lapgnU-00528-00105648-00105815 acute support needed and you're looking
+IFn0-lapgnU-00529-00105816-00106031 at ongoing support as well there's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00530-00106032-00106254 very large multidisciplinary team
+IFn0-lapgnU-00531-00106255-00106439 that you can kind of construct to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00532-00106440-00106702 support your your client or patient
+IFn0-lapgnU-00533-00106703-00106823 and on the right hand side of the screen
+IFn0-lapgnU-00534-00106824-00106975 you can see just it's not an exhaustive
+IFn0-lapgnU-00535-00106976-00107119 list but the kinds of people who are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00536-00107120-00107383 often involved in caring for uh trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-00537-00107383-00107631 and gender diverse people more broadly
+IFn0-lapgnU-00538-00107632-00107751 and there are a number of specific
+IFn0-lapgnU-00539-00107752-00107895 services are highlighted there which the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00540-00107896-00108095 links will be circulated in a resource i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00541-00108096-00108302 believe available later but that you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00542-00108303-00108502 know stands from other medical
+IFn0-lapgnU-00543-00108503-00108639 practitioners whether that's around
+IFn0-lapgnU-00544-00108640-00108895 hormones and endocrinologists or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00545-00108896-00109086 through to peer support services which
+IFn0-lapgnU-00546-00109088-00109271 play a really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00547-00109272-00109463 foundational role particularly for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00548-00109464-00109654 social support and mobilization for this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00549-00109655-00109783 community and there are a number of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00550-00109783-00109927 structured programs where you can link
+IFn0-lapgnU-00551-00109928-00110086 people to peers through acorn and other
+IFn0-lapgnU-00552-00110088-00110254 services in new south wales gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00553-00110255-00110575 center 2010. um there's specific suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00554-00110576-00110710 prevention and mental health support
+IFn0-lapgnU-00555-00110711-00110910 lines like q life
+IFn0-lapgnU-00556-00110911-00111127 and there are other supports as well in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00557-00111128-00111302 terms of advocacy so the inner city
+IFn0-lapgnU-00558-00111303-00111454 legal service
+IFn0-lapgnU-00559-00111455-00111599 provide a lot of support here in sydney
+IFn0-lapgnU-00560-00111600-00111734 for trans people particularly around
+IFn0-lapgnU-00561-00111735-00111910 documentation and the legal challenges
+IFn0-lapgnU-00562-00111911-00112031 inherent
+IFn0-lapgnU-00563-00112032-00112215 so it's good to familiarize yourself in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00564-00112216-00112327 your local community with what's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00565-00112328-00112534 available and and the resources that we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00566-00112535-00112847 will share um is a great source for that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00567-00112848-00113047 so i might leave it there and we can
+IFn0-lapgnU-00568-00113048-00113271 explore more in the in the q a and i'll
+IFn0-lapgnU-00569-00113272-00113886 hand it over to the next speaker
+IFn0-lapgnU-00570-00113888-00114071 thanks ajari that was wonderful someone
+IFn0-lapgnU-00571-00114072-00114231 has just asked a quick question if the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00572-00114232-00114383 slides will be available at the end
+IFn0-lapgnU-00573-00114383-00114558 they're actually available to you now on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00574-00114559-00114751 the link on the right hand side of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00575-00114752-00114895 video that you're watching us on there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00576-00114896-00115095 a link there to download a pdf of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00577-00115096-00115199 slides
+IFn0-lapgnU-00578-00115200-00115390 msn would you like to share with us your
+IFn0-lapgnU-00579-00115391-00115566 perspective as a clinical psychologist
+IFn0-lapgnU-00580-00115567-00115919 please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00581-00115920-00116119 great thank you so much
+IFn0-lapgnU-00582-00116120-00116263 so look today we're going to really be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00583-00116264-00116407 focusing on the fact that kara is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00584-00116408-00116551 transgender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00585-00116552-00116854 and the fact that when we look at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00586-00116855-00117086 most important factor that you need to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00587-00117088-00117383 do differently when working with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00588-00117383-00117734 people who identify as transgender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00589-00117735-00117854 is the fact that you need to provide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00590-00117855-00118102 gender affirming care that is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00591-00118103-00118334 a lot of the other the the other ways to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00592-00118335-00118607 reduce suicidal ideation and overall
+IFn0-lapgnU-00593-00118608-00118823 mental health outcomes are very similar
+IFn0-lapgnU-00594-00118824-00118902 to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00595-00118903-00119119 uh other clients who work through
+IFn0-lapgnU-00596-00119120-00119295 through your
+IFn0-lapgnU-00597-00119296-00119431 walk through your doors but gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00598-00119432-00119663 affirming care is is the most important
+IFn0-lapgnU-00599-00119664-00119790 factor and i'm going to be really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00600-00119791-00119983 focusing on that today
+IFn0-lapgnU-00601-00119983-00120454 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00602-00120455-00120678 so just a really quick point that i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00603-00120679-00120895 wanted to make is that on nearly every
+IFn0-lapgnU-00604-00120896-00120966 con
+IFn0-lapgnU-00605-00120967-00121271 continent in all of recorded history we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00606-00121272-00121423 have seen that there's been
+IFn0-lapgnU-00607-00121424-00121663 more than two genders so this is not a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00608-00121664-00121886 new concept and and there is a lot of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00609-00121888-00122190 rhetoric at the moment about that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00610-00122191-00122439 there is a lot more trans people and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00611-00122440-00122614 that comes down to a greater amount of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00612-00122615-00122854 visibility and the fact that our society
+IFn0-lapgnU-00613-00122855-00123078 is thankfully becoming safer for people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00614-00123079-00123310 to be trans so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00615-00123311-00123454 that is the reason why we're seeing
+IFn0-lapgnU-00616-00123455-00123702 higher numbers uh not for any other
+IFn0-lapgnU-00617-00123703-00124151 reason next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00618-00124152-00124439 so why is gender affirming care just so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00619-00124440-00124623 important and why is it considered best
+IFn0-lapgnU-00620-00124624-00124831 practice so when we talk about gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00621-00124832-00125102 affirming care we can see that as as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00622-00125103-00125334 kara's experience she experienced a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00623-00125335-00125566 really negative response
+IFn0-lapgnU-00624-00125567-00125727 to being trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-00625-00125728-00126151 by a previous clinician and it's 42.1 of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00626-00126152-00126310 people who've reached doubt to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00627-00126311-00126502 practitioners don't understand or have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00628-00126503-00126758 not respected um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00629-00126759-00126895 people who
+IFn0-lapgnU-00630-00126896-00127163 are trans or gender diverse
+IFn0-lapgnU-00631-00127164-00127399 65.8 percent of people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00632-00127400-00127623 have experienced a lack of community or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00633-00127624-00127910 family support so we can see that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00634-00127911-00128223 when if if you can't go somewhere that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00635-00128224-00128463 that says yes we're going to be gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00636-00128464-00128663 affirming then no one's going to talk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00637-00128664-00128910 about their suicide with you um you have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00638-00128911-00129143 to create safety first
+IFn0-lapgnU-00639-00129144-00129623 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00640-00129624-00129934 so we can see that um 60
+IFn0-lapgnU-00641-00129935-00130175 of young people don't even know that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00642-00130176-00130295 there's health professionals that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00643-00130296-00130527 specifically work in the area of gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00644-00130528-00130702 identity
+IFn0-lapgnU-00645-00130703-00130958 we also know that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00646-00130959-00131239 one in five transgender period
+IFn0-lapgnU-00647-00131240-00131407 transgender people have experienced
+IFn0-lapgnU-00648-00131408-00131647 direct discrimination from mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-00649-00131648-00131871 practitioners become because of their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00650-00131872-00132183 gender status each week so again if
+IFn0-lapgnU-00651-00132184-00132487 we've got this large number of people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00652-00132488-00132790 constantly experiencing a lack of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00653-00132791-00133087 affirming care then that is going to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00654-00133088-00133414 increase the likelihood of suicidal
+IFn0-lapgnU-00655-00133415-00133823 ideation um and intent and create unsafe
+IFn0-lapgnU-00656-00133824-00134039 spaces within a space that is actually
+IFn0-lapgnU-00657-00134040-00134159 meant to be protecting them and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00658-00134160-00134407 supporting them and this is why gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00659-00134408-00134702 affirming care is just vital for this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00660-00134703-00134863 population
+IFn0-lapgnU-00661-00134864-00135327 next time please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00662-00135328-00135478 so what does gender affirming care look
+IFn0-lapgnU-00663-00135479-00135631 like so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00664-00135632-00135831 when we're providing gender affirming
+IFn0-lapgnU-00665-00135832-00136007 care one of the things that we want to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00666-00136008-00136375 look at is that we place the person
+IFn0-lapgnU-00667-00136376-00136671 as the expert to their gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00668-00136672-00136743 so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00669-00136744-00136966 we don't see ourselves as trying to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00670-00136967-00137231 determine or pathologize their gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00671-00137232-00137439 what we are saying is if you come in and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00672-00137440-00137623 you tell me that you're a female then
+IFn0-lapgnU-00673-00137624-00137871 you're a female that that is what gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00674-00137872-00138111 affirming care is um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00675-00138112-00138431 we don't then try and work out how they
+IFn0-lapgnU-00676-00138432-00138614 got here or if there's enough evidence
+IFn0-lapgnU-00677-00138615-00138831 to say that this is where they're at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00678-00138832-00138966 they tell us that that's where they're
+IFn0-lapgnU-00679-00138967-00139231 at and we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00680-00139232-00139454 use the pronouns that they would like to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00681-00139455-00139790 be um referred by we use their chosen
+IFn0-lapgnU-00682-00139791-00139911 name
+IFn0-lapgnU-00683-00139912-00140119 we use affirming language that makes
+IFn0-lapgnU-00684-00140120-00140383 them feel like they're seen and heard
+IFn0-lapgnU-00685-00140384-00140607 just as you would anyone else
+IFn0-lapgnU-00686-00140608-00140823 uh we ask the person for information
+IFn0-lapgnU-00687-00140824-00141087 about words that might be triggering
+IFn0-lapgnU-00688-00141088-00141335 as atari said that there might be maybe
+IFn0-lapgnU-00689-00141336-00141599 parts of a person's body that they don't
+IFn0-lapgnU-00690-00141600-00141943 like to use certain names so we clarify
+IFn0-lapgnU-00691-00141944-00142151 we we talk to them about things that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00692-00142152-00142471 that might be distressing and then
+IFn0-lapgnU-00693-00142472-00142663 we work to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00694-00142664-00142926 be able to fit in with what they need
+IFn0-lapgnU-00695-00142927-00143095 not what we need to feel comfortable
+IFn0-lapgnU-00696-00143096-00143239 with in our session
+IFn0-lapgnU-00697-00143240-00143487 we support the person's choice in social
+IFn0-lapgnU-00698-00143488-00143695 affirmation and we also support the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00699-00143696-00144014 person's choice in medical affirmation
+IFn0-lapgnU-00700-00144015-00144254 and and sometimes that can mean for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00701-00144255-00144439 particularly for our young people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00702-00144440-00144519 that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00703-00144520-00144654 they go on puberty blockers for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00704-00144655-00144871 adolescents uh feminizing or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00705-00144872-00145095 masculinizing hormones or surgery for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00706-00145096-00145359 older clients and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00707-00145360-00145678 again not all trans people will use any
+IFn0-lapgnU-00708-00145679-00145863 sort of medical intervention
+IFn0-lapgnU-00709-00145864-00146095 um and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00710-00146096-00146295 i think the other big thing is that that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00711-00146296-00146463 everyone's journey is different so you
+IFn0-lapgnU-00712-00146464-00146726 have to meet the person where they're at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00713-00146727-00146878 to be able to support them through that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00714-00146879-00147007 journey
+IFn0-lapgnU-00715-00147008-00147399 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00716-00147400-00147647 we can see that when people are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00717-00147648-00147878 surprised supported with the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00718-00147879-00148054 psychological services to affirm their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00719-00148055-00148351 gender um and the medical intervention
+IFn0-lapgnU-00720-00148352-00148535 to affirm their gender if that's what
+IFn0-lapgnU-00721-00148536-00148687 they choose to do
+IFn0-lapgnU-00722-00148688-00148983 then we know from this study as well as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00723-00148984-00149143 a couple of other studies that have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00724-00149144-00149439 recently been published uh that their
+IFn0-lapgnU-00725-00149440-00149711 mental health health outcomes
+IFn0-lapgnU-00726-00149712-00149839 are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00727-00149840-00150047 comparable to their peers
+IFn0-lapgnU-00728-00150048-00150335 now when you're looking at a comparison
+IFn0-lapgnU-00729-00150336-00150590 to those who do not receive the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00730-00150591-00150831 intervention or gender affirming care
+IFn0-lapgnU-00731-00150832-00151143 they're 13 times more likely to have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00732-00151144-00151447 suicidal ideations we can take that away
+IFn0-lapgnU-00733-00151448-00151726 by allowing them to be who they are why
+IFn0-lapgnU-00734-00151727-00151895 wouldn't we do that why wouldn't we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00735-00151896-00152254 provide services that allow these young
+IFn0-lapgnU-00736-00152255-00152511 people and these older people to to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00737-00152512-00152735 their authentic self
+IFn0-lapgnU-00738-00152736-00153119 um next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00739-00153120-00153263 and the biggest i guess one of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00740-00153264-00153478 biggest messages i i want to drill home
+IFn0-lapgnU-00741-00153479-00153743 is is that it can be really overwhelming
+IFn0-lapgnU-00742-00153744-00153959 when when you start working in in this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00743-00153960-00154087 population
+IFn0-lapgnU-00744-00154088-00154407 and i think as professionals we can be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00745-00154408-00154623 very well meaning but we can
+IFn0-lapgnU-00746-00154624-00154878 we can not know where we're at and one
+IFn0-lapgnU-00747-00154879-00155023 of the things that i would say is you've
+IFn0-lapgnU-00748-00155024-00155214 shown up today and so you know more
+IFn0-lapgnU-00749-00155215-00155431 information hopefully after this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00750-00155432-00155599 presentation then you knew at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00751-00155600-00155919 beginning um and so your journey of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00752-00155920-00156207 understanding uh gender affirming care
+IFn0-lapgnU-00753-00156208-00156566 hopefully is increased uh but it's it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00754-00156567-00156726 an idea that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00755-00156727-00156902 you started a particular phase and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00756-00156903-00157126 you're growing your development and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00757-00157127-00157351 being able to work out where you're at
+IFn0-lapgnU-00758-00157352-00157543 and the knowledge that you don't have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00759-00157544-00157775 and you still need
+IFn0-lapgnU-00760-00157776-00158014 is super important this isn't an area
+IFn0-lapgnU-00761-00158015-00158247 you can just wing it it is an area that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00762-00158248-00158383 you do need to understand the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00763-00158384-00158614 terminology you do need to be able to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00764-00158615-00158863 practice using different pronouns you do
+IFn0-lapgnU-00765-00158864-00159111 need to know how to correct yourself
+IFn0-lapgnU-00766-00159112-00159295 when you make a mistake
+IFn0-lapgnU-00767-00159296-00159519 and if you can do that then you are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00768-00159520-00159751 actually going to provide such affirming
+IFn0-lapgnU-00769-00159752-00159966 care and reduce that person's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00770-00159967-00160271 suicidality just by showing up for them
+IFn0-lapgnU-00771-00160272-00160519 in that way
+IFn0-lapgnU-00772-00160520-00160702 next slide please i think that might be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00773-00160703-00161126 the last one well i've got one more um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00774-00161127-00161335 the other important point just to point
+IFn0-lapgnU-00775-00161336-00161607 out the end is is that that often one of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00776-00161608-00161807 the things that gets reflected to me is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00777-00161808-00162047 is that while i work with a lot of young
+IFn0-lapgnU-00778-00162048-00162263 people who who do have their family of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00779-00162264-00162495 origin i work with a lot of people who
+IFn0-lapgnU-00780-00162496-00162814 are out of out of that teenage years who
+IFn0-lapgnU-00781-00162815-00163087 who have a family of choice and a lot of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00782-00163088-00163263 the times our systems don't allow for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00783-00163264-00163414 that family of choice when they go to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00784-00163415-00163614 the hospitals next of kin
+IFn0-lapgnU-00785-00163615-00163847 it's not their best friend who because
+IFn0-lapgnU-00786-00163848-00164071 they don't have any family of origin
+IFn0-lapgnU-00787-00164072-00164287 should be the person who's called uh we
+IFn0-lapgnU-00788-00164288-00164687 have to know that that this is a very um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00789-00164688-00164847 assessing a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00790-00164848-00165078 person's family of choice is just as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00791-00165079-00165254 important as assessing their family of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00792-00165255-00165519 origin and is more likely to protect
+IFn0-lapgnU-00793-00165520-00165799 them in their safety planning um to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00794-00165800-00165999 able to provide that support because
+IFn0-lapgnU-00795-00166000-00166207 their family of origin can often be the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00796-00166208-00166366 ones who have perpetrated a lot of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00797-00166367-00166478 trauma
+IFn0-lapgnU-00798-00166479-00166663 so making sure that we address that in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00799-00166664-00166902 in our planning is super important so
+IFn0-lapgnU-00800-00166903-00167119 thank you for for listening and i'll
+IFn0-lapgnU-00801-00167120-00167535 pass over to damian our next speaker
+IFn0-lapgnU-00802-00167536-00167719 thanks everyone for that wonderful
+IFn0-lapgnU-00803-00167720-00167911 comprehensive introduction to gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00804-00167912-00168135 framing care and i'd love to just add in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00805-00168136-00168311 that we should also always think about
+IFn0-lapgnU-00806-00168312-00168414 animals
+IFn0-lapgnU-00807-00168415-00168631 as families of choice we know from the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00808-00168632-00168807 really growing body of research at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00809-00168808-00168999 moment that animals are such an
+IFn0-lapgnU-00810-00169000-00169166 important buffer against stresses
+IFn0-lapgnU-00811-00169167-00169343 including being buffers
+IFn0-lapgnU-00812-00169344-00169543 against self-harm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00813-00169544-00169711 so now i'd like to introduce our third
+IFn0-lapgnU-00814-00169712-00169935 speaker damian bonson to talk about his
+IFn0-lapgnU-00815-00169936-00170199 perspective on suicidality in indigenous
+IFn0-lapgnU-00816-00170200-00170359 communities from his perspective as a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00817-00170360-00170647 suicidologist
+IFn0-lapgnU-00818-00170648-00170895 good evening and thanks very much for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00819-00170896-00171271 the introduction um just quickly um i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00820-00171272-00171447 did a more background about me i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-00821-00171448-00171687 currently the only aboriginal lgbtqj
+IFn0-lapgnU-00822-00171688-00171887 plus person with a postgraduate
+IFn0-lapgnU-00823-00171888-00172207 qualification in suicidology
+IFn0-lapgnU-00824-00172208-00172454 i'm not a clinician i'm so not speaking
+IFn0-lapgnU-00825-00172455-00172719 from the position of a clinician
+IFn0-lapgnU-00826-00172720-00172975 um in the work that i've done over the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00827-00172976-00173183 years something that has become quite
+IFn0-lapgnU-00828-00173184-00173366 apparent to me that's not necessarily
+IFn0-lapgnU-00829-00173367-00173590 discussed is that suicide is actually
+IFn0-lapgnU-00830-00173591-00173966 quite a low frequency event um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00831-00173967-00174247 and that i find that sometimes that that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00832-00174248-00174438 gets missed in the discussion so there
+IFn0-lapgnU-00833-00174439-00174595 is this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00834-00174596-00174919 catastrophization of suicide and what i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00835-00174920-00175063 find particularly when i've been working
+IFn0-lapgnU-00836-00175064-00175231 in the indigenous sort of subvention
+IFn0-lapgnU-00837-00175232-00175359 space is that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00838-00175360-00175663 it becomes highly emotive um because of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00839-00175664-00175895 the the very real impact of these of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00840-00175896-00176047 lives that we look that are lost to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00841-00176048-00176175 suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00842-00176176-00176551 but the catastrophization of um suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00843-00176552-00176766 can from my perspective can actually
+IFn0-lapgnU-00844-00176767-00177151 impede effective intervention um we do
+IFn0-lapgnU-00845-00177152-00177407 need to unfortunately be a bit dry in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00846-00177408-00177702 the conversations um and we need to look
+IFn0-lapgnU-00847-00177703-00177935 at the data and that includes you know
+IFn0-lapgnU-00848-00177936-00178175 qualitative data as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-00849-00178176-00178390 one of the key things that i say to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00850-00178391-00178566 people when i have really just a short
+IFn0-lapgnU-00851-00178567-00178743 period of time and working with
+IFn0-lapgnU-00852-00178744-00178943 indigenous people is um just don't be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00853-00178944-00179087 racist
+IFn0-lapgnU-00854-00179088-00179351 that's a really good starting point um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00855-00179352-00179463 in terms of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00856-00179464-00179614 your interaction
+IFn0-lapgnU-00857-00179615-00179823 um suicide is a behavior and it's not a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00858-00179824-00180071 mental illness um that's something that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00859-00180072-00180223 became apparent to me throughout my
+IFn0-lapgnU-00860-00180224-00180502 studies as well um and there's the i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00861-00180503-00180654 find that the conflation of mental
+IFn0-lapgnU-00862-00180655-00180854 illness
+IFn0-lapgnU-00863-00180855-00181143 with suicide is is also
+IFn0-lapgnU-00864-00181144-00181383 obstructive to you know alternative
+IFn0-lapgnU-00865-00181384-00181590 prevention efforts that are out there um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00866-00181591-00181775 we're definitely seeing a shift
+IFn0-lapgnU-00867-00181776-00181990 more globally i don't see don't have
+IFn0-lapgnU-00868-00181991-00182271 recognized it really here in australia
+IFn0-lapgnU-00869-00182272-00182502 but there is a shift out of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00870-00182503-00182671 mental health space and actually into a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00871-00182672-00182799 source psychology and understanding
+IFn0-lapgnU-00872-00182800-00183031 suicide as a human behavior rather than
+IFn0-lapgnU-00873-00183032-00183190 mental illness to come up with these
+IFn0-lapgnU-00874-00183191-00183431 preventative efforts
+IFn0-lapgnU-00875-00183432-00183583 suicide prevention is really about what
+IFn0-lapgnU-00876-00183584-00183847 we think will work um there's absolutely
+IFn0-lapgnU-00877-00183848-00184031 no guarantee that the interventions that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00878-00184032-00184263 are put into place will actually work
+IFn0-lapgnU-00879-00184264-00184583 next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00880-00184584-00184766 um just uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00881-00184767-00185095 there's a few areas of some risk factors
+IFn0-lapgnU-00882-00185096-00185319 between in the context of cars life
+IFn0-lapgnU-00883-00185320-00185551 there and these are just really general
+IFn0-lapgnU-00884-00185552-00185783 and it's not exhaustive um there are
+IFn0-lapgnU-00885-00185784-00186063 universal risk factors which every um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00886-00186064-00186350 every person um can be exposed to um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00887-00186351-00186647 there are lgbtqti specific ones and also
+IFn0-lapgnU-00888-00186648-00186959 they're indigenous specific ones um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00889-00186960-00187095 risk factors interact with people
+IFn0-lapgnU-00890-00187096-00187263 differently or people interact with risk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00891-00187264-00187575 factors very differently um and but also
+IFn0-lapgnU-00892-00187576-00187847 being exposed to a risk factor or risk
+IFn0-lapgnU-00893-00187848-00188135 factors does not equate someone to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00894-00188136-00188447 um suicidality or suicide ideation
+IFn0-lapgnU-00895-00188448-00188631 however there is a higher likelihood
+IFn0-lapgnU-00896-00188632-00188935 that their quality of life isn't optimal
+IFn0-lapgnU-00897-00188936-00189119 and it really is to ask them what's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00898-00189120-00189366 going on and affecting them for someone
+IFn0-lapgnU-00899-00189367-00189599 like para who is um you know indigenous
+IFn0-lapgnU-00900-00189600-00189807 and trans all of these risk factors that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00901-00189808-00190023 could be happening um could be happening
+IFn0-lapgnU-00902-00190024-00190302 for them or only um parts of so it is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00903-00190303-00190607 really important to ask our next slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00904-00190608-00190831 please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00905-00190832-00191038 i just wanted to reiterate um the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00906-00191039-00191207 importance of gender affirming health
+IFn0-lapgnU-00907-00191208-00191575 care uh currently we don't have any uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-00908-00191576-00191766 anything really substantive around what
+IFn0-lapgnU-00909-00191767-00191935 that looks like for aboriginal and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00910-00191936-00192063 torres strait islander transgender
+IFn0-lapgnU-00911-00192064-00192223 people um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00912-00192224-00192478 there's quite a porosity of research or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00913-00192479-00192726 evidence based in indigenous queer
+IFn0-lapgnU-00914-00192727-00193071 suicide in general but um what i do know
+IFn0-lapgnU-00915-00193072-00193214 and from the conversations that i've
+IFn0-lapgnU-00916-00193215-00193326 been having with quite a number of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00917-00193327-00193502 indigenous trans people but also from
+IFn0-lapgnU-00918-00193503-00193631 the research that gender affirmative
+IFn0-lapgnU-00919-00193632-00193847 care is really important uh plus there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-00920-00193848-00194014 some additional stuff there that i've um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00921-00194015-00194119 added into
+IFn0-lapgnU-00922-00194120-00194238 the slide
+IFn0-lapgnU-00923-00194239-00194478 i also wanted to reiterate um what atari
+IFn0-lapgnU-00924-00194479-00194631 had said earlier
+IFn0-lapgnU-00925-00194632-00194854 that the use of inclusive language and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00926-00194855-00195031 inclusive environments will definitely
+IFn0-lapgnU-00927-00195032-00195254 go a long way in terms of your
+IFn0-lapgnU-00928-00195255-00195423 intervention and working with with a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00929-00195424-00195535 client
+IFn0-lapgnU-00930-00195536-00195735 um one of the things i also say to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00931-00195736-00195878 people is that if you do have an
+IFn0-lapgnU-00932-00195879-00196102 indigenous client do not automatically
+IFn0-lapgnU-00933-00196103-00196366 assume that culture uh is going to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-00934-00196367-00196583 what they require um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00935-00196584-00196799 i i personally don't buy into the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00936-00196800-00196983 manager that culture will prevent
+IFn0-lapgnU-00937-00196984-00197254 suicide um it hasn't for me being really
+IFn0-lapgnU-00938-00197255-00197463 unpacked as to how
+IFn0-lapgnU-00939-00197464-00197663 particularly in regional remote areas
+IFn0-lapgnU-00940-00197664-00197895 where if we define cultures living on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00941-00197896-00198126 living on countries speaking language
+IFn0-lapgnU-00942-00198127-00198319 you know um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00943-00198320-00198607 engaging in you know custodial practices
+IFn0-lapgnU-00944-00198608-00198814 and law there's a lot of that going on
+IFn0-lapgnU-00945-00198815-00198959 but that's where we're seeing the higher
+IFn0-lapgnU-00946-00198960-00199126 rates of indigenous suicides in those
+IFn0-lapgnU-00947-00199127-00199326 areas so i'm not really sold on the idea
+IFn0-lapgnU-00948-00199327-00199454 that culture
+IFn0-lapgnU-00949-00199455-00199671 will prevent suicide in that context
+IFn0-lapgnU-00950-00199672-00199878 maybe in the city where there isn't as
+IFn0-lapgnU-00951-00199879-00200038 much of that and that's what they need
+IFn0-lapgnU-00952-00200039-00200231 but again ask the individual and find
+IFn0-lapgnU-00953-00200232-00200726 out what they need next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00954-00200727-00200843 in
+IFn0-lapgnU-00955-00200844-00201150 2015 um there was a first ever
+IFn0-lapgnU-00956-00201151-00201407 national indigenous lgbtq2 roundtable
+IFn0-lapgnU-00957-00201408-00201583 that i helped facilitate and get off the
+IFn0-lapgnU-00958-00201584-00201783 ground um as part of the aboriginal and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00959-00201784-00201878 torres strait islander source of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00960-00201879-00202095 eventual evaluation project and here's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-00961-00202096-00202278 few of the themes that have emerged out
+IFn0-lapgnU-00962-00202279-00202375 of that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00963-00202376-00202519 round table
+IFn0-lapgnU-00964-00202520-00202638 unfortunately
+IFn0-lapgnU-00965-00202639-00202838 there hasn't been any um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00966-00202839-00203054 further work done in this space this is
+IFn0-lapgnU-00967-00203055-00203319 despite the um the unknown quantum of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00968-00203320-00203463 millions upon millions of dollars that
+IFn0-lapgnU-00969-00203464-00203695 is in suicide prevention um none of it
+IFn0-lapgnU-00970-00203696-00203935 has been directed um not in the way this
+IFn0-lapgnU-00971-00203936-00204183 can measure it with need in terms of um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00972-00204184-00204511 preventing suicide averaging the lgbti
+IFn0-lapgnU-00973-00204512-00204958 community and next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00974-00204959-00205319 in 2000 also 2014 2015
+IFn0-lapgnU-00975-00205319-00205582 i started some insider research um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00976-00205583-00205742 because there was no literature there
+IFn0-lapgnU-00977-00205744-00205838 was
+IFn0-lapgnU-00978-00205839-00206006 in terms of that being that more
+IFn0-lapgnU-00979-00206007-00206238 specifically looked at indigenous lgbti
+IFn0-lapgnU-00980-00206239-00206479 suicide prevention or suicidality so i
+IFn0-lapgnU-00981-00206480-00206782 crowdfunded about 25 000
+IFn0-lapgnU-00982-00206783-00207023 and produced this report um called
+IFn0-lapgnU-00983-00207023-00207238 voices from the black rainbow
+IFn0-lapgnU-00984-00207239-00207423 uh it was the first report that's ever
+IFn0-lapgnU-00985-00207423-00207558 been done in suicide prevention
+IFn0-lapgnU-00986-00207559-00207662 particularly around the indigenous
+IFn0-lapgnU-00987-00207663-00207958 source um indigenous queer community and
+IFn0-lapgnU-00988-00207959-00208175 has gone on to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00989-00208176-00208375 be big background a background paper for
+IFn0-lapgnU-00990-00208376-00208582 quite a number of commonwealth um
+IFn0-lapgnU-00991-00208583-00208862 policies um however it doesn't
+IFn0-lapgnU-00992-00208863-00209062 apparently it's not academic enough to
+IFn0-lapgnU-00993-00209063-00209303 be picked up um by
+IFn0-lapgnU-00994-00209304-00209494 um queer researchers who are kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-00995-00209496-00209662 sneaking into the indigenous priests or
+IFn0-lapgnU-00996-00209663-00209887 cyber engine space but um it definitely
+IFn0-lapgnU-00997-00209888-00210094 has a footprint and it was a first next
+IFn0-lapgnU-00998-00210096-00210375 slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-00999-00210376-00210575 the word that i've done over the years
+IFn0-lapgnU-01000-00210576-00210839 has led to three current three projects
+IFn0-lapgnU-01001-00210840-00211023 research projects and then the three
+IFn0-lapgnU-01002-00211023-00211231 first indigenous uh queer source of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01003-00211232-00211391 engine projects in the country this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01004-00211392-00211710 one's from wa for breaking the silence
+IFn0-lapgnU-01005-00211711-00211927 this was based on a workshop that i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01006-00211928-00212119 delivered called inclusive practices
+IFn0-lapgnU-01007-00212119-00212287 which is around
+IFn0-lapgnU-01008-00212288-00212558 creating inclusive environments
+IFn0-lapgnU-01009-00212559-00212823 for suicide prevention mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-01010-00212823-00213103 other social services to ensure that um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01011-00213104-00213279 their services are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01012-00213280-00213398 inclusive and to their aboriginal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01013-00213400-00213767 tyranny if i can access them um next
+IFn0-lapgnU-01014-00213767-00213998 slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-01015-00214000-00214198 and in terms of cara um i recommend that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01016-00214200-00214415 you draw on car zone own strengths
+IFn0-lapgnU-01017-00214416-00214598 her connections um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01018-00214600-00214798 engage power in the process and also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01019-00214800-00214991 some linkages including black rainbow
+IFn0-lapgnU-01020-00214992-00215167 and also indigenous and non-indigenous
+IFn0-lapgnU-01021-00215167-00215510 services next link please
+IFn0-lapgnU-01022-00215511-00215727 as a black rainbow will be releasing our
+IFn0-lapgnU-01023-00215728-00215951 report in the next month or so with some
+IFn0-lapgnU-01024-00215952-00216151 of the first national data that speaks
+IFn0-lapgnU-01025-00216152-00216351 to mental health and suicidal plus some
+IFn0-lapgnU-01026-00216352-00216551 other baseline data around some of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01027-00216552-00216655 social
+IFn0-lapgnU-01028-00216656-00216879 aspects that are going on for us as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-01029-00216880-00217215 thank you very much
+IFn0-lapgnU-01030-00217216-00217334 jeremy for that wonderfully
+IFn0-lapgnU-01031-00217335-00217519 comprehensive overview
+IFn0-lapgnU-01032-00217519-00217719 uh we've now finished our three
+IFn0-lapgnU-01033-00217719-00217934 presentations so now it's time for the q
+IFn0-lapgnU-01034-00217935-00218175 a so we've had a few questions
+IFn0-lapgnU-01035-00218176-00218406 pop up but we will start addressing some
+IFn0-lapgnU-01036-00218407-00218567 of those but i would love you to send in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01037-00218567-00218823 some more using the question button at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01038-00218823-00218967 the bottom right hand side of your
+IFn0-lapgnU-01039-00218967-00219063 screen
+IFn0-lapgnU-01040-00219064-00219239 so a first question that we've got that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01041-00219240-00219439 i'm going to direct to atari
+IFn0-lapgnU-01042-00219440-00219631 is someone from new south wales has
+IFn0-lapgnU-01043-00219632-00219839 asked about
+IFn0-lapgnU-01044-00219840-00219982 in their understanding that we're not
+IFn0-lapgnU-01045-00219983-00220167 currently permitted to make name changes
+IFn0-lapgnU-01046-00220167-00220334 to medical records without medicare
+IFn0-lapgnU-01047-00220335-00220463 proof
+IFn0-lapgnU-01048-00220464-00220639 how can we go about that what can we do
+IFn0-lapgnU-01049-00220640-00220871 to make that different
+IFn0-lapgnU-01050-00220871-00221127 uh yeah look i'd double check that based
+IFn0-lapgnU-01051-00221128-00221279 on the institution or the environment
+IFn0-lapgnU-01052-00221280-00221446 you're working within so i know that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01053-00221448-00221671 many hospitals can still
+IFn0-lapgnU-01054-00221671-00221879 provide an alternative name that's on on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01055-00221880-00222127 people's you know hospital id tags
+IFn0-lapgnU-01056-00222128-00222287 and ensures that certainly in waiting
+IFn0-lapgnU-01057-00222288-00222398 rooms and that kind of thing that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01058-00222400-00222623 they're addressed by their name in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01059-00222623-00222775 absence of medicare proof or even a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01060-00222776-00222942 legal name change and it can still at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01061-00222944-00223142 the back end be linked to the the legal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01062-00223144-00223334 name um at least that's been my
+IFn0-lapgnU-01063-00223335-00223582 experience maybe um it's more specific
+IFn0-lapgnU-01064-00223583-00223734 because i worked at some vincent's which
+IFn0-lapgnU-01065-00223735-00223887 is its own sort of system it's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01066-00223888-00224023 slightly different system to the wider
+IFn0-lapgnU-01067-00224023-00224175 new south wales health but speaking to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01068-00224176-00224334 colleagues i'm aware that this is also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01069-00224335-00224671 possible in hospitals like rpa
+IFn0-lapgnU-01070-00224671-00224879 when it comes to general practice
+IFn0-lapgnU-01071-00224880-00225031 depending on the system you have i know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01072-00225032-00225303 with best practice there is certainly in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01073-00225304-00225655 the latest updates an option to identify
+IFn0-lapgnU-01074-00225656-00225871 people's names as well as pronouns
+IFn0-lapgnU-01075-00225871-00226015 there's like boxes where you can tick
+IFn0-lapgnU-01076-00226016-00226223 those things and address those
+IFn0-lapgnU-01077-00226223-00226431 and that retrospectively applies the the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01078-00226432-00226591 name so it doesn't necessarily require
+IFn0-lapgnU-01079-00226592-00226742 medicare change
+IFn0-lapgnU-01080-00226744-00227015 if you are going to go down that road
+IFn0-lapgnU-01081-00227016-00227198 often in terms of medicare change it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01082-00227200-00227406 does usually require a legal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01083-00227407-00227598 change of name certificate
+IFn0-lapgnU-01084-00227600-00227831 and if it comes down to gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01085-00227832-00227991 you can also change that simply with a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01086-00227992-00228175 letter from a general practitioner and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01087-00228176-00228303 they can change that so that all
+IFn0-lapgnU-01088-00228304-00228503 medicare
+IFn0-lapgnU-01089-00228504-00228687 purposes you can you can have the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01090-00228688-00228903 correct gender uh for your for your
+IFn0-lapgnU-01091-00228904-00229055 patient which is really important
+IFn0-lapgnU-01092-00229056-00229255 especially for things like accessing uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-01093-00229256-00229446 pbs subsidised medications and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01094-00229448-00229679 interventions
+IFn0-lapgnU-01095-00229680-00229887 thanks atari we've had a question coming
+IFn0-lapgnU-01096-00229888-00230079 for damien which is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01097-00230080-00230239 based on all the things you've talked
+IFn0-lapgnU-01098-00230240-00230415 about and the lack of you know attention
+IFn0-lapgnU-01099-00230416-00230663 and giving to indigenous lgbtiq people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01100-00230664-00230871 and suicide and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01101-00230871-00230998 that includes the lack of attention
+IFn0-lapgnU-01102-00231000-00231198 sometimes to the work of black rainbow
+IFn0-lapgnU-01103-00231200-00231358 what would you suggest can be done to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01104-00231359-00231655 advance indigenous lgbtqia plus suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-01105-00231656-00231855 prevention
+IFn0-lapgnU-01106-00231856-00232039 i support black rainbow in the work that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01107-00232040-00232151 we do
+IFn0-lapgnU-01108-00232152-00232575 we are 100 volunteer run all unwaged uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-01109-00232576-00232791 we don't receive any funding we um get
+IFn0-lapgnU-01110-00232792-00232951 by on donations which we're kind of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01111-00232952-00233167 happy with because it allows us to focus
+IFn0-lapgnU-01112-00233167-00233391 on our own objectives and not others but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01113-00233392-00233671 yeah get behind us like rainbow.org you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01114-00233671-00233815 we've got quite a bit of research that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01115-00233816-00233998 we're ramping up later this year and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01116-00234000-00234263 into the future
+IFn0-lapgnU-01117-00234264-00234463 thanks jamie and that's wonderful advice
+IFn0-lapgnU-01118-00234464-00234606 for everyone that everyone should follow
+IFn0-lapgnU-01119-00234607-00234734 and if you go to the black rainbow
+IFn0-lapgnU-01120-00234735-00234894 website you can certainly don't can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01121-00234896-00235046 donate to the wonderful work that they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01122-00235048-00235223 do so i would encourage everyone who's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01123-00235223-00235391 looking to make a donation to a great
+IFn0-lapgnU-01124-00235392-00235663 organization to do that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01125-00235664-00235839 we've had another question come in and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01126-00235840-00236055 this one i'm going to chuck your way
+IFn0-lapgnU-01127-00236056-00236182 emerson
+IFn0-lapgnU-01128-00236183-00236367 someone's asked for those of us who work
+IFn0-lapgnU-01129-00236367-00236839 in a psychological diagnostic space
+IFn0-lapgnU-01130-00236840-00236991 how can we respectfully work with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01131-00236992-00237175 clients who may require a diagnosis of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01132-00237176-00237367 gender dysphoria to access gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01133-00237367-00237534 affirming health care whilst it's not
+IFn0-lapgnU-01134-00237535-00237806 okay to pathologize trans people how can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01135-00237807-00238006 we approach the subject of a diagnosis
+IFn0-lapgnU-01136-00238007-00238215 that may not be experienced as affirming
+IFn0-lapgnU-01137-00238216-00238415 for the client but could help them in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01138-00238416-00238815 their transition journey
+IFn0-lapgnU-01139-00238816-00239006 thanks i mean a really great question
+IFn0-lapgnU-01140-00239007-00239223 because this can be a really tricky one
+IFn0-lapgnU-01141-00239223-00239367 and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01142-00239367-00239527 i think
+IFn0-lapgnU-01143-00239528-00239775 the thing is most people we have access
+IFn0-lapgnU-01144-00239776-00239991 to the internet right so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01145-00239992-00240263 people know the state of the system to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01146-00240264-00240534 be able to get the care that they need
+IFn0-lapgnU-01147-00240535-00240727 so they're not going to be surprised
+IFn0-lapgnU-01148-00240728-00240942 that they have to jump through hoops to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01149-00240944-00241223 be able to get the medical
+IFn0-lapgnU-01150-00241223-00241423 medical intervention that they're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01151-00241423-00241606 seeking um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01152-00241607-00241839 to affirm their gender i think one of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01153-00241840-00242182 the things that that you could do is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01154-00242183-00242439 whenever i have anyone come into
+IFn0-lapgnU-01155-00242440-00242542 my
+IFn0-lapgnU-01156-00242544-00242863 office or to my practice i always say
+IFn0-lapgnU-01157-00242864-00243071 i'm i'm not here to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01158-00243071-00243279 i'm not here to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01159-00243280-00243630 be the gatekeeper i'm not here to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01160-00243631-00243910 tell you what to do i'm here to listen
+IFn0-lapgnU-01161-00243911-00244103 and be part of your journey and to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01162-00244104-00244367 able to support you and there may be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01163-00244367-00244542 some things or some hoops that we have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01164-00244544-00244791 to jump through because the world hasn't
+IFn0-lapgnU-01165-00244792-00244998 caught up yet um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01166-00245000-00245206 but we're going to provide support
+IFn0-lapgnU-01167-00245207-00245398 around getting you through those things
+IFn0-lapgnU-01168-00245400-00245758 so you end up being someone who is there
+IFn0-lapgnU-01169-00245759-00246023 to be able to support the person through
+IFn0-lapgnU-01170-00246023-00246310 those really tricky situations that are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01171-00246311-00246639 sometimes really pretty horrible
+IFn0-lapgnU-01172-00246640-00246927 and to have to continually tell people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01173-00246928-00247239 and convince people of your gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01174-00247240-00247439 is something that cis people don't have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01175-00247440-00247567 to do
+IFn0-lapgnU-01176-00247567-00247671 and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01177-00247671-00247894 and i think we need to be able to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01178-00247896-00248087 just put it on the table that you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01179-00248088-00248294 acknowledge that that's what has to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01180-00248296-00248503 happen to be able to get them the care
+IFn0-lapgnU-01181-00248504-00248694 but they don't actually um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01182-00248696-00248863 you know you're playing your part in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01183-00248864-00249023 system
+IFn0-lapgnU-01184-00249023-00249239 thanks everson we've got a great
+IFn0-lapgnU-01185-00249240-00249487 follow-up question for damien and that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01186-00249488-00249758 question is um you spoke about suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-01187-00249759-00249975 is a behavior and not a mental health
+IFn0-lapgnU-01188-00249976-00250167 issue could you break that down a little
+IFn0-lapgnU-01189-00250167-00250263 more
+IFn0-lapgnU-01190-00250264-00250615 please
+IFn0-lapgnU-01191-00250616-00250855 in in the real simplest terms is that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01192-00250856-00251015 you don't need to have a mental illness
+IFn0-lapgnU-01193-00251016-00251230 to be suicidal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01194-00251231-00251334 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01195-00251335-00251471 there are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01196-00251471-00251639 there's a lot more that probably can be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01197-00251640-00251815 said than in i don't think we have the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01198-00251816-00252030 time for that but yeah real simplest
+IFn0-lapgnU-01199-00252031-00252334 terms is that you don't need to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01200-00252335-00252534 have a mental illness to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01201-00252535-00252951 be suicidal or have suicide ideation
+IFn0-lapgnU-01202-00252952-00253110 thanks i mean that's really good and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01203-00253111-00253223 really clear
+IFn0-lapgnU-01204-00253223-00253494 point to make
+IFn0-lapgnU-01205-00253496-00253710 another questions come true that i might
+IFn0-lapgnU-01206-00253711-00253958 direct to innocent who works with young
+IFn0-lapgnU-01207-00253959-00254158 people um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01208-00254159-00254367 what it's well i guess it's the question
+IFn0-lapgnU-01209-00254367-00254487 is what experience do you have working
+IFn0-lapgnU-01210-00254488-00254663 with non-binary pre-teens but i think
+IFn0-lapgnU-01211-00254664-00254839 the question is more
+IFn0-lapgnU-01212-00254840-00255094 around what resources do you direct
+IFn0-lapgnU-01213-00255096-00255334 people towards to support
+IFn0-lapgnU-01214-00255335-00255671 um non-binary young people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01215-00255671-00255975 yeah look i i think yeah as a non-binary
+IFn0-lapgnU-01216-00255976-00256182 person myself um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01217-00256183-00256510 i think it's it's really clearly and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01218-00256511-00256671 it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01219-00256671-00256806 we're directly i think there's a few
+IFn0-lapgnU-01220-00256807-00256958 things if they're within a family
+IFn0-lapgnU-01221-00256959-00257198 structure i always say a little bit like
+IFn0-lapgnU-01222-00257200-00257471 the journey of the um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01223-00257471-00257623 of the clinician and the fact that we're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01224-00257623-00257863 at different phases a lot of our
+IFn0-lapgnU-01225-00257864-00258110 non-binary young people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01226-00258111-00258215 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01227-00258216-00258358 when when they tell their parents that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01228-00258359-00258527 they're non-binary
+IFn0-lapgnU-01229-00258528-00258671 that can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01230-00258671-00258934 really confuse some parents because
+IFn0-lapgnU-01231-00258935-00259110 they haven't grown up with this language
+IFn0-lapgnU-01232-00259111-00259263 so we need to get them access to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01233-00259264-00259471 language and a common and get them on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01234-00259471-00259719 the same level and so i always
+IFn0-lapgnU-01235-00259719-00259919 i've got a similar slide that that's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01236-00259919-00260239 similar picture um that has a transition
+IFn0-lapgnU-01237-00260240-00260519 of of a family and and i think one of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01238-00260519-00260758 the important things to know is that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01239-00260759-00260919 when we break it down and tell the young
+IFn0-lapgnU-01240-00260919-00261103 person that they're here and their
+IFn0-lapgnU-01241-00261104-00261342 parents are here or other parts of their
+IFn0-lapgnU-01242-00261344-00261567 their family are in different spots but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01243-00261567-00261710 we want to get them all up to speed and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01244-00261711-00261910 how we do that well part of that journey
+IFn0-lapgnU-01245-00261911-00262167 is is as the clinician your job is to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01246-00262168-00262423 educate and to inform and to provide the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01247-00262424-00262558 support and to lead them to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01248-00262559-00262830 organizations like transhub
+IFn0-lapgnU-01249-00262831-00262943 and to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01250-00262944-00263255 2010 and to -18
+IFn0-lapgnU-01251-00263256-00263463 and to transcend there are brilliant
+IFn0-lapgnU-01252-00263464-00263671 organizations out there doing such
+IFn0-lapgnU-01253-00263672-00263934 fabulous work in this space and the more
+IFn0-lapgnU-01254-00263935-00264255 information and knowledge they have um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01255-00264256-00264439 to normalize what they're seeing the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01256-00264440-00264695 better it's going to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01257-00264696-00264839 thanks everyone there's a related
+IFn0-lapgnU-01258-00264840-00264982 question that's come through that i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01259-00264983-00265110 might
+IFn0-lapgnU-01260-00265111-00265271 put back to you again but i'll put in my
+IFn0-lapgnU-01261-00265272-00265503 own two cents worth so the question is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01262-00265504-00265734 around how do we work with young trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-01263-00265735-00265823 people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01264-00265824-00266006 who are having suicidal ideation when
+IFn0-lapgnU-01265-00266007-00266134 their parents are refusing to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01266-00266135-00266255 accepting including when they're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01267-00266256-00266558 continuing to use an old name and this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01268-00266559-00266727 person's raised the really important
+IFn0-lapgnU-01269-00266728-00266887 point that child protective services
+IFn0-lapgnU-01270-00266888-00267047 often don't see this as a protection
+IFn0-lapgnU-01271-00267048-00267247 concern which is something i've been
+IFn0-lapgnU-01272-00267248-00267415 speaking about for quite a number of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01273-00267416-00267679 years now that we need to everyone here
+IFn0-lapgnU-01274-00267680-00267855 in this space this evening and everyone
+IFn0-lapgnU-01275-00267856-00268095 beyond that to be working towards
+IFn0-lapgnU-01276-00268096-00268310 raising this in in the context of child
+IFn0-lapgnU-01277-00268311-00268510 protection that these are actually child
+IFn0-lapgnU-01278-00268511-00268719 protection issues but i'll pass that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01279-00268720-00268887 over to emerson now to add some extra
+IFn0-lapgnU-01280-00268888-00269199 words into that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01281-00269200-00269375 i think the first thing that i try and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01282-00269376-00269630 do is see whether the parents are coming
+IFn0-lapgnU-01283-00269631-00269823 from i think
+IFn0-lapgnU-01284-00269824-00269999 i would say the majority of the parents
+IFn0-lapgnU-01285-00270000-00270255 that i have come through my door
+IFn0-lapgnU-01286-00270256-00270551 all have very similar fears they they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01287-00270552-00270775 fear that we live in a society where
+IFn0-lapgnU-01288-00270776-00270975 their kids are going to get hurt
+IFn0-lapgnU-01289-00270976-00271175 and they want the best for their kids
+IFn0-lapgnU-01290-00271176-00271327 and they're absolutely petrified
+IFn0-lapgnU-01291-00271328-00271527 something's going to happen to them and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01292-00271528-00271767 so if if they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01293-00271768-00271951 that they don't want this to be true not
+IFn0-lapgnU-01294-00271952-00272191 because they don't want to necessarily
+IFn0-lapgnU-01295-00272192-00272319 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01296-00272320-00272534 support their child they they want their
+IFn0-lapgnU-01297-00272535-00272815 child to have an easier life and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01298-00272816-00273047 this signs them up for a harder life
+IFn0-lapgnU-01299-00273048-00273263 well what i would say is that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01300-00273264-00273430 not affirming your gender and not
+IFn0-lapgnU-01301-00273431-00273687 affirming the identity that you have as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01302-00273688-00273910 a person who transitioned very like well
+IFn0-lapgnU-01303-00273911-00274071 what i would consider late in life
+IFn0-lapgnU-01304-00274072-00274319 compared to the young kids that i see
+IFn0-lapgnU-01305-00274320-00274543 who get to live this spectacular life as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01306-00274544-00274719 you as young people and know no
+IFn0-lapgnU-01307-00274720-00275039 difference um is is that it's a really
+IFn0-lapgnU-01308-00275040-00275327 hard road and and it is a much better
+IFn0-lapgnU-01309-00275328-00275567 space to be living your authentic life
+IFn0-lapgnU-01310-00275568-00275806 um so i always try and get parents on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01311-00275807-00276071 board and and if i don't get them on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01312-00276072-00276279 board more times than not i do get them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01313-00276280-00276606 on board um and it's slow steps and it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01314-00276607-00276823 not vilifying the parents either it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01315-00276824-00277110 not saying you just need to step up and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01316-00277111-00277439 change it's it's been able to be with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01317-00277440-00277695 them and break down what's going on for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01318-00277696-00277863 them because if you can do that with the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01319-00277864-00278119 parents they're going to get on board if
+IFn0-lapgnU-01320-00278120-00278310 you can find out what's preventing them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01321-00278311-00278487 they're going to get on board more times
+IFn0-lapgnU-01322-00278488-00278791 than not um and then i think if you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01323-00278792-00278999 can't get them on board and the few ones
+IFn0-lapgnU-01324-00279000-00279223 then you start to build up
+IFn0-lapgnU-01325-00279224-00279430 support networks without the parents
+IFn0-lapgnU-01326-00279431-00279647 involved so this is where you look at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01327-00279648-00279823 family of choice you look at friends you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01328-00279824-00279967 look at support networks you look at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01329-00279968-00280191 community you look at organizations like
+IFn0-lapgnU-01330-00280192-00280479 2010 who have uh groups the gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01331-00280480-00280734 center in sydney has a trans group
+IFn0-lapgnU-01332-00280735-00280991 transcend has support so there's lots of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01333-00280992-00281175 services that you can build support
+IFn0-lapgnU-01334-00281176-00281375 networks where these these people can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01335-00281376-00281615 get a different family to be able to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01336-00281616-00281903 support them through that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01337-00281904-00282103 thanks everyone we've had a few
+IFn0-lapgnU-01338-00282104-00282247 questions come together that i'm going
+IFn0-lapgnU-01339-00282248-00282382 to sort of bunch together here and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01340-00282383-00282655 they're about questions about
+IFn0-lapgnU-01341-00282656-00282839 about supporting non-binary young people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01342-00282840-00283006 and particularly in schools which is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01343-00283007-00283158 great that we've got some
+IFn0-lapgnU-01344-00283159-00283375 educators here with us this evening
+IFn0-lapgnU-01345-00283376-00283623 i've shared with our mhpn
+IFn0-lapgnU-01346-00283624-00283879 organizer a link that she will share
+IFn0-lapgnU-01347-00283880-00284079 with everyone or the attendees this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01348-00284080-00284319 evening that is a module that provides
+IFn0-lapgnU-01349-00284320-00284567 ways to educate schools around how to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01350-00284568-00284799 facilitate nonviolent inclusion how to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01351-00284800-00285047 educate staff how to educate families so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01352-00285048-00285230 that's a great sort of resource to start
+IFn0-lapgnU-01353-00285231-00285454 with in terms of how do we introduce
+IFn0-lapgnU-01354-00285455-00285615 this language how do we help people as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01355-00285616-00285799 emerson said to understand something
+IFn0-lapgnU-01356-00285800-00286063 that may be really new to them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01357-00286064-00286223 we've also had a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01358-00286224-00286382 follow-up question for damian that's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01359-00286383-00286503 quite a little bit similar to the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01360-00286504-00286654 previous one but hopefully means he can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01361-00286655-00286854 expand a bit more on that and the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01362-00286855-00287134 question is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01363-00287135-00287287 if i can find it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01364-00287288-00287663 is around how can we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01365-00287664-00287910 address the lack of culturally competent
+IFn0-lapgnU-01366-00287911-00288495 safe referral pathways for lgbtiq people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01367-00288496-00288791 it really depends where you are to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01368-00288792-00288951 what's available
+IFn0-lapgnU-01369-00288952-00289439 um and in terms of addressing
+IFn0-lapgnU-01370-00289440-00289647 this really looking at um you know using
+IFn0-lapgnU-01371-00289648-00289830 a combination of you know being both
+IFn0-lapgnU-01372-00289831-00290063 queer friendly and indigenous and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01373-00290064-00290199 aboriginal tribes gender friendly and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01374-00290200-00290375 that's why at the beginning for me the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01375-00290376-00290599 the main thing is just don't be racist
+IFn0-lapgnU-01376-00290600-00290815 um and also don't be afraid to actually
+IFn0-lapgnU-01377-00290816-00291030 engage with the aboriginal entire china
+IFn0-lapgnU-01378-00291031-00291295 community sometimes that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01379-00291296-00291599 the fear of making a mistake and also um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01380-00291600-00291823 become problematic in terms of you know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01381-00291824-00292054 uh wanting to be a commitment to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01382-00292055-00292263 respond to why people are there i'll
+IFn0-lapgnU-01383-00292264-00292534 refer back to um the trans broken arm
+IFn0-lapgnU-01384-00292535-00292663 thing someone is coming in as an
+IFn0-lapgnU-01385-00292664-00292927 indigenous person but they're also just
+IFn0-lapgnU-01386-00292928-00293039 a person
+IFn0-lapgnU-01387-00293040-00293319 um so yeah the the number one thing is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01388-00293320-00293551 to ultimately just don't be racist um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01389-00293552-00293767 and but also be inquisitive in terms of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01390-00293768-00293991 that person's life as well and so you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01391-00293992-00294143 have a greater understanding of what
+IFn0-lapgnU-01392-00294144-00294351 their story is and where they've come
+IFn0-lapgnU-01393-00294352-00294527 from to get to get through your front
+IFn0-lapgnU-01394-00294528-00294734 door and get you because if they've made
+IFn0-lapgnU-01395-00294735-00294951 that step and they've come to you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01396-00294952-00295151 they've come to you because if you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01397-00295152-00295406 they've identified yourself only
+IFn0-lapgnU-01398-00295407-00295575 somebody has has been someone that is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01399-00295576-00295758 there to assist them so it's around
+IFn0-lapgnU-01400-00295759-00296079 ensuring um that that space is um is is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01401-00296080-00296399 safe for them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01402-00296400-00296519 thanks damian
+IFn0-lapgnU-01403-00296520-00296687 um someone's asked a question which i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01404-00296688-00296806 think you know it's a challenging
+IFn0-lapgnU-01405-00296807-00296958 question but it's a useful question that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01406-00296959-00297039 maybe
+IFn0-lapgnU-01407-00297040-00297295 atari might like to speak to which is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01408-00297296-00297454 can you help me understand why it is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01409-00297455-00297775 important to signal our pronouns
+IFn0-lapgnU-01410-00297776-00297951 initially as a counselor i minimise what
+IFn0-lapgnU-01411-00297952-00298119 i share about myself with my clients to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01412-00298120-00298406 keep the focus on the client
+IFn0-lapgnU-01413-00298407-00298639 yeah it's a great question um look i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01414-00298640-00298710 think
+IFn0-lapgnU-01415-00298711-00298967 the intention between the behind that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01416-00298968-00299151 suggestion from where i was starting
+IFn0-lapgnU-01417-00299152-00299319 from is to say that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01418-00299320-00299534 it's about just normalizing pronouns i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01419-00299535-00299703 think it's still a foreign concept for a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01420-00299704-00299975 lot of people and it's seen as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01421-00299976-00300199 as as controversial as often thrown
+IFn0-lapgnU-01422-00300200-00300382 around in the media
+IFn0-lapgnU-01423-00300383-00300567 as as being an issue like it's going to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01424-00300568-00300751 somehow generate a whole new generation
+IFn0-lapgnU-01425-00300752-00300903 of trans people or it's somehow going to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01426-00300904-00301071 make it contagious which it doesn't we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01427-00301072-00301295 all have pronouns every single one of us
+IFn0-lapgnU-01428-00301296-00301534 and we use them all the time um and i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01429-00301535-00301815 think just it's really to step back and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01430-00301816-00301975 say i actually can't tell if you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01431-00301976-00302191 trans or not because trans is a massive
+IFn0-lapgnU-01432-00302192-00302495 spectrum um and by us by asking and by
+IFn0-lapgnU-01433-00302496-00302799 studying our own um it it enables a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01434-00302800-00303119 dialogue around it um i don't think it's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01435-00303120-00303279 it's really just about making something
+IFn0-lapgnU-01436-00303280-00303487 feel like a normal thing to do and to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01437-00303488-00303791 get comfortable with it um i relate to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01438-00303792-00303879 the point about not wanting to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01439-00303880-00304047 necessarily share all the time about
+IFn0-lapgnU-01440-00304048-00304343 yourself and and i um as a as a trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-01441-00304344-00304527 identified practitioner
+IFn0-lapgnU-01442-00304528-00304734 um haven't always disclosed my trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-01443-00304735-00304854 status to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01444-00304855-00304999 people i work with either and there's no
+IFn0-lapgnU-01445-00305000-00305199 way they can know i'm trans but but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01446-00305200-00305471 having that uh having a badge and saying
+IFn0-lapgnU-01447-00305472-00305703 that very immediately um sets up a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01448-00305704-00305919 dynamic where it doesn't have to fall
+IFn0-lapgnU-01449-00305920-00306223 back to them to feel safe to disclose it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01450-00306224-00306399 just sort of makes it a safe space i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01451-00306400-00306487 think
+IFn0-lapgnU-01452-00306488-00306767 um so yeah
+IFn0-lapgnU-01453-00306768-00307054 thanks terry um this is can i just add
+IFn0-lapgnU-01454-00307055-00307230 to that just for a second sure
+IFn0-lapgnU-01455-00307231-00307415 um i think the other thing to note on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01456-00307416-00307695 the pronouns is is that uh particularly
+IFn0-lapgnU-01457-00307696-00307934 um the pronouns can change
+IFn0-lapgnU-01458-00307935-00308223 and so if a client comes in and their
+IFn0-lapgnU-01459-00308224-00308447 pronouns are they them or they pronounce
+IFn0-lapgnU-01460-00308448-00308679 he him or their pronouns are they him or
+IFn0-lapgnU-01461-00308680-00308919 or she heard it's just important to note
+IFn0-lapgnU-01462-00308920-00309271 that that you may have those pronouns
+IFn0-lapgnU-01463-00309272-00309447 you may have practiced for five weeks to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01464-00309448-00309599 get those pronouns right and they may
+IFn0-lapgnU-01465-00309600-00309743 come in and and want to alter them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01466-00309744-00309934 slightly and and you've got to relearn
+IFn0-lapgnU-01467-00309935-00310223 um and and normalizing that and knowing
+IFn0-lapgnU-01468-00310224-00310503 that that gender is a journey and it is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01469-00310504-00310703 super super important
+IFn0-lapgnU-01470-00310704-00310967 sorry thanks so much thank you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01471-00310968-00311191 um there's a question here that you know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01472-00311192-00311415 i think i would direct people to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01473-00311416-00311567 the resources that are going to be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01474-00311568-00311775 available at the end of the webinar and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01475-00311776-00311910 the question was is there anywhere that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01476-00311911-00312158 lists gender affirming safe gps or
+IFn0-lapgnU-01477-00312159-00312423 medical professionals i think atari has
+IFn0-lapgnU-01478-00312424-00312630 given us some examples of that but he
+IFn0-lapgnU-01479-00312631-00312775 might want to elaborate that certainly
+IFn0-lapgnU-01480-00312776-00312927 here in south australia we have the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01481-00312928-00313295 website transhealth sa.com that's run by
+IFn0-lapgnU-01482-00313296-00313510 trans people that lists people who have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01483-00313511-00313830 been vetted as being trans affirming
+IFn0-lapgnU-01484-00313831-00314115 yeah so in in new south wales uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-01485-00314116-00314343 transhub.org u has a list of gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01486-00314344-00314543 affirming gps
+IFn0-lapgnU-01487-00314544-00314751 and also ozpath which is the australian
+IFn0-lapgnU-01488-00314752-00315039 professional association for trans
+IFn0-lapgnU-01489-00315040-00315310 healthcare they also maintain lists of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01490-00315311-00315591 not just gps but other allied health and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01491-00315592-00315791 other medical practitioners as well um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01492-00315792-00315999 and that's a national database i believe
+IFn0-lapgnU-01493-00316000-00316151 there are similar things in victoria
+IFn0-lapgnU-01494-00316152-00316310 western australia as well but those are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01495-00316311-00316543 those are probably the two that i'm most
+IFn0-lapgnU-01496-00316544-00316687 aware of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01497-00316688-00316823 thanks atari
+IFn0-lapgnU-01498-00316824-00317063 there's a really applied a question here
+IFn0-lapgnU-01499-00317064-00317254 that i think i'll put out to whoever
+IFn0-lapgnU-01500-00317255-00317399 wants to ask it because i think the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01501-00317400-00317543 question itself is an interesting
+IFn0-lapgnU-01502-00317544-00317679 formulation
+IFn0-lapgnU-01503-00317680-00317871 so the person has shared that they work
+IFn0-lapgnU-01504-00317872-00318110 with a client who has a range of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01505-00318111-00318279 different psychosocial disabilities and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01506-00318280-00318463 i won't name what they are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01507-00318464-00318639 and that they're non-binary
+IFn0-lapgnU-01508-00318640-00318847 and this person is often often states
+IFn0-lapgnU-01509-00318848-00318958 that they feel like people aren't
+IFn0-lapgnU-01510-00318959-00319167 helping them or the life would be better
+IFn0-lapgnU-01511-00319168-00319319 off without them other people's life
+IFn0-lapgnU-01512-00319320-00319510 would be better off without them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01513-00319511-00319758 so how do we help that person engage in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01514-00319759-00320039 self-care engage in domestic tasks
+IFn0-lapgnU-01515-00320040-00320654 engaging connecting with community
+IFn0-lapgnU-01516-00320655-00320839 i think the first thing is is finding
+IFn0-lapgnU-01517-00320840-00320967 out their interests
+IFn0-lapgnU-01518-00320968-00321230 um because i i think we have a lot of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01519-00321231-00321543 community uh like for instance in in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01520-00321544-00321854 sydney um that there's there's a lot of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01521-00321855-00322095 well not a lot but there's a few spaces
+IFn0-lapgnU-01522-00322096-00322327 that they can go just to engage with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01523-00322328-00322654 other people um and i can guarantee that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01524-00322655-00322854 that a lot i mean we know the stats on
+IFn0-lapgnU-01525-00322855-00323151 trans people and mental health um that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01526-00323152-00323279 there's people having similar
+IFn0-lapgnU-01527-00323280-00323575 experiences and and so if we can know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01528-00323576-00323806 their interests and know what they like
+IFn0-lapgnU-01529-00323807-00324030 then it's starting to look for for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01530-00324031-00324175 activities that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01531-00324176-00324430 are within community and can help them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01532-00324431-00324639 to connect with other people having
+IFn0-lapgnU-01533-00324640-00324879 similar experiences and then they can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01534-00324880-00325079 broaden out
+IFn0-lapgnU-01535-00325080-00325230 thanksgiving
+IFn0-lapgnU-01536-00325231-00325415 you go terry go i just gotta say there
+IFn0-lapgnU-01537-00325416-00325599 are some formal peer support services
+IFn0-lapgnU-01538-00325600-00325823 too in most states and territories so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01539-00325824-00326015 um depending on their age and stage but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01540-00326016-00326247 certainly um here in sydney again
+IFn0-lapgnU-01541-00326248-00326487 transhub through acorn operates and peer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01542-00326488-00326623 support services
+IFn0-lapgnU-01543-00326624-00326847 um there's also groups through 2010 as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01544-00326848-00326991 emerson mentioned before where they can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01545-00326992-00327215 link face-to-face four online
+IFn0-lapgnU-01546-00327216-00327479 trans pride australia is a community
+IFn0-lapgnU-01547-00327480-00327671 driven organization which is an informal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01548-00327672-00327806 source of social support and they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01549-00327807-00328127 organize meetups online and offline
+IFn0-lapgnU-01550-00328128-00328254 and west australia there's freedom
+IFn0-lapgnU-01551-00328255-00328358 center
+IFn0-lapgnU-01552-00328359-00328487 there's a whole range of different
+IFn0-lapgnU-01553-00328488-00328710 organizations and even new way
+IFn0-lapgnU-01554-00328711-00328854 transfer wa
+IFn0-lapgnU-01555-00328855-00328975 and in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01556-00328976-00329127 certain health services too if you're an
+IFn0-lapgnU-01557-00329128-00329327 acute setting certainly i know back in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01558-00329328-00329534 some instance we had uh peers so the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01559-00329535-00329671 navigators were really lucky to have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01560-00329672-00329863 them and included in that there were
+IFn0-lapgnU-01561-00329864-00330078 some trans identified people so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01562-00330079-00330206 kind of scout around the community and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01563-00330207-00330487 find some find some um local ones and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01564-00330488-00330647 see if you can create a bit of a a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01565-00330648-00330943 resource list for yourselves
+IFn0-lapgnU-01566-00330944-00331095 thanks victorian emerson we've got a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01567-00331096-00331278 question for damian which is what are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01568-00331279-00331703 your thoughts on the sewb wheel as a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01569-00331704-00331919 tool for first nations queer suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-01570-00331920-00332182 prevention
+IFn0-lapgnU-01571-00332183-00332287 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01572-00332288-00332471 just going to go back to the last one i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01573-00332472-00332663 just can um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01574-00332664-00332887 i had um depression for about three
+IFn0-lapgnU-01575-00332888-00333151 years and some of those
+IFn0-lapgnU-01576-00333152-00333351 symptoms that i had i share with the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01577-00333352-00333575 question that had before and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01578-00333576-00334006 what i found was consistent
+IFn0-lapgnU-01579-00334007-00334278 engagement with my psychologist
+IFn0-lapgnU-01580-00334279-00334510 and also with the use of medication
+IFn0-lapgnU-01581-00334511-00334734 helped me get off the couch um and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01582-00334735-00334910 helped me become a lot more engaging but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01583-00334911-00335087 that was actually symptomatic of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01584-00335088-00335303 mental illness that i had i'm not too
+IFn0-lapgnU-01585-00335304-00335534 sure if that's the case here so and this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01586-00335535-00335823 person that i saw was um was was female
+IFn0-lapgnU-01587-00335824-00335975 as well so i wasn't seeing an aboriginal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01588-00335976-00336278 male and i wasn't seeing a gay person or
+IFn0-lapgnU-01589-00336279-00336471 a queer person as well i found that for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01590-00336472-00336743 myself what worked was on the engagement
+IFn0-lapgnU-01591-00336744-00336951 with the um with the therapist
+IFn0-lapgnU-01592-00336952-00337263 um for the social emotional well-being
+IFn0-lapgnU-01593-00337264-00337551 it hasn't been unpacked in a in a queer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01594-00337552-00337695 context
+IFn0-lapgnU-01595-00337696-00337854 but also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01596-00337855-00338143 i haven't seen it really being robustly
+IFn0-lapgnU-01597-00338144-00338334 investigated as an effective tool for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01598-00338335-00338503 suicide prevention
+IFn0-lapgnU-01599-00338504-00338623 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01600-00338624-00338815 i'm a bit of an outlayer in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01601-00338816-00338951 in suicide revenge and particularly in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01602-00338952-00339119 the indigenous type of events in space
+IFn0-lapgnU-01603-00339120-00339351 because i have a lot of questions um and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01604-00339352-00339582 mainly because i really really want the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01605-00339583-00339775 evidence to be robust and i want i want
+IFn0-lapgnU-01606-00339776-00340047 to be able to the work that we do to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01607-00340048-00340191 prevent
+IFn0-lapgnU-01608-00340192-00340447 people from dying by suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-01609-00340448-00340647 and at the moment i see that there is a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01610-00340648-00340823 lot of language that gets used in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01611-00340824-00341063 indigenous suicide prevention that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01612-00341064-00341230 really doesn't have any meat on it and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01613-00341231-00341527 so in terms of the wheel
+IFn0-lapgnU-01614-00341528-00341806 i think it's a great tool in terms of a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01615-00341807-00342023 real practical sense in terms of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01616-00342024-00342247 identifying for aboriginal and torres
+IFn0-lapgnU-01617-00342248-00342423 strait islander folk what's important to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01618-00342424-00342767 them under those domains of well-being
+IFn0-lapgnU-01619-00342768-00343127 for them but it's never been
+IFn0-lapgnU-01620-00343128-00343358 it or worry about or about this robustly
+IFn0-lapgnU-01621-00343359-00343551 research in terms of how
+IFn0-lapgnU-01622-00343552-00343767 um it applies or how what needs to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01623-00343768-00343975 happen what are the queer elements of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01624-00343976-00344167 social emotional being what's our
+IFn0-lapgnU-01625-00344168-00344447 experiences um in terms of how the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01626-00344448-00344767 interventions will look
+IFn0-lapgnU-01627-00344768-00344934 thanks damian i just wanted to say you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01628-00344935-00345054 know i'm constantly looking at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01629-00345055-00345230 questions that's going through them and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01630-00345231-00345351 you know we've had a lot of wonderful
+IFn0-lapgnU-01631-00345352-00345478 questions come in and we're not going to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01632-00345479-00345591 be able to get through them all because
+IFn0-lapgnU-01633-00345592-00345815 we've got about seven minutes or so left
+IFn0-lapgnU-01634-00345816-00346006 for questions so i do apologize if we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01635-00346007-00346175 don't get to your question and and i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-01636-00346176-00346319 sure there's way we can you can follow
+IFn0-lapgnU-01637-00346320-00346510 up with us afterwards um there's a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01638-00346511-00346639 question here that i would like to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01639-00346640-00346791 direct to everyone and maybe everyone
+IFn0-lapgnU-01640-00346792-00346991 wants to have a say i thought it was a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01641-00346992-00347287 wonderful question which is about as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01642-00347288-00347478 community members ourselves with lived
+IFn0-lapgnU-01643-00347479-00347743 experience how do you keep yourself safe
+IFn0-lapgnU-01644-00347744-00347967 and well when working with our peers
+IFn0-lapgnU-01645-00347968-00348247 other lgbtiq plus people in suicide
+IFn0-lapgnU-01646-00348248-00348503 prevention we all know either either
+IFn0-lapgnU-01647-00348504-00348654 know people or have experienced that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01648-00348655-00349871 distress ourselves
+IFn0-lapgnU-01649-00349872-00350119 so i think one of the things is is our
+IFn0-lapgnU-01650-00350120-00350319 own community right so so there's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01651-00350320-00350463 community of clinicians there's also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01652-00350464-00350887 supervision um and being in groups where
+IFn0-lapgnU-01653-00350888-00351023 you are discussing some of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01654-00351024-00351247 complexities and the challenges of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01655-00351248-00351599 working within your community um and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01656-00351600-00351903 some of the challenges are the the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01657-00351904-00352175 i guess knowing exactly the experiences
+IFn0-lapgnU-01658-00352176-00352351 that that people are having that are
+IFn0-lapgnU-01659-00352352-00352495 walking through your door and having
+IFn0-lapgnU-01660-00352496-00352671 have had some of those similar
+IFn0-lapgnU-01661-00352672-00352854 experiences with you whether it's trauma
+IFn0-lapgnU-01662-00352855-00353054 or medical settings
+IFn0-lapgnU-01663-00353055-00353287 or lack of affirmation
+IFn0-lapgnU-01664-00353288-00353510 from other psychologists or other
+IFn0-lapgnU-01665-00353511-00353663 doctors
+IFn0-lapgnU-01666-00353664-00353782 and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01667-00353783-00353999 and knowing what that does to you i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01668-00354000-00354189 think it makes you a better clinician
+IFn0-lapgnU-01669-00354190-00354295 [Music]
+IFn0-lapgnU-01670-00354296-00354471 because you're able to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01671-00354472-00354678 know a little bit about what works but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01672-00354679-00354887 also fight for for making sure that we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01673-00354888-00355078 can get change happening but definitely
+IFn0-lapgnU-01674-00355079-00355230 supervision and definitely your own
+IFn0-lapgnU-01675-00355231-00355439 support network and groups that you can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01676-00355440-00355615 talk through cases and and get the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01677-00355616-00355991 support you need
+IFn0-lapgnU-01678-00355992-00356175 that's start with exactly the same point
+IFn0-lapgnU-01679-00356176-00356439 which is a reflective practice um so and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01680-00356440-00356606 having different mechanisms for that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01681-00356607-00356806 unknown medicine it's not always very
+IFn0-lapgnU-01682-00356807-00357015 well structured so if you don't have it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01683-00357016-00357134 then make it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01684-00357135-00357375 and i certainly have done that um i'd
+IFn0-lapgnU-01685-00357376-00357447 say
+IFn0-lapgnU-01686-00357448-00357671 as is often the case put your own oxygen
+IFn0-lapgnU-01687-00357672-00357854 mask on first attend to your own
+IFn0-lapgnU-01688-00357855-00358030 well-being um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01689-00358031-00358278 have a good gp have a good therapist
+IFn0-lapgnU-01690-00358279-00358510 as emerson said find ways to nourish
+IFn0-lapgnU-01691-00358511-00358734 yourself socially and emotionally
+IFn0-lapgnU-01692-00358735-00359015 and physically for me it's swimming
+IFn0-lapgnU-01693-00359016-00359143 find the things that help you let off
+IFn0-lapgnU-01694-00359144-00359375 steam and and process what what you've
+IFn0-lapgnU-01695-00359376-00359543 experienced
+IFn0-lapgnU-01696-00359544-00359767 and and know your boundaries i guess and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01697-00359768-00360047 and that extends to not just
+IFn0-lapgnU-01698-00360048-00360175 you know recognizing the signs of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01699-00360176-00360334 burnout or the signs because it can be a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01700-00360335-00360558 burden wearing the different hats and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01701-00360559-00360806 feeling that sense of experience
+IFn0-lapgnU-01702-00360807-00361087 the the shared experience
+IFn0-lapgnU-01703-00361088-00361310 but but also to recognize that just
+IFn0-lapgnU-01704-00361311-00361415 because you come from this community
+IFn0-lapgnU-01705-00361416-00361567 doesn't mean that you know exactly what
+IFn0-lapgnU-01706-00361568-00361687 that person's going through as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-01707-00361688-00361871 because it is such a diverse experience
+IFn0-lapgnU-01708-00361872-00361982 and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01709-00361983-00362167 and try to step back as much as you can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01710-00362168-00362495 and use those clinical tools um with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01711-00362496-00362727 that extra sprinkle of empathy that you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01712-00362728-00363054 have because of that shared experience
+IFn0-lapgnU-01713-00363055-00363358 that'd be my my suggestions
+IFn0-lapgnU-01714-00363359-00363519 thank you sorry did jamie do you have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01715-00363520-00363647 something to add
+IFn0-lapgnU-01716-00363648-00363815 yeah look what i've learned through my
+IFn0-lapgnU-01717-00363816-00364039 experience of over a decade working in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01718-00364040-00364391 the field um is that i needed to have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01719-00364392-00364591 interests outside
+IFn0-lapgnU-01720-00364592-00364806 of suicideology and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01721-00364807-00365023 um and suicide prevention to really have
+IFn0-lapgnU-01722-00365024-00365175 activities that i could engage in i took
+IFn0-lapgnU-01723-00365176-00365334 up archery
+IFn0-lapgnU-01724-00365335-00365510 for something different um to take my
+IFn0-lapgnU-01725-00365511-00365743 mind i think i'm also an avid reader
+IFn0-lapgnU-01726-00365744-00365999 but because for myself within the space
+IFn0-lapgnU-01727-00366000-00366175 that we work it's not just around the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01728-00366176-00366471 loss of life that is traumatic um and in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01729-00366472-00366687 observing and hearing about how the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01730-00366688-00366895 quality of life for some averaging child
+IFn0-lapgnU-01731-00366896-00367110 chronic peer folks isn't optimal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01732-00367111-00367463 it's also the constant structural racism
+IFn0-lapgnU-01733-00367464-00367630 that we experience within the queer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01734-00367631-00367823 community and also the structural
+IFn0-lapgnU-01735-00367824-00368006 homophobia within the aboriginal entire
+IFn0-lapgnU-01736-00368007-00368175 china community so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01737-00368176-00368375 i find myself particularly you know as
+IFn0-lapgnU-01738-00368376-00368582 the founder of black rainbow and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01739-00368583-00368839 starting those conversations that i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01740-00368840-00369006 bear the brunt of quite a bit of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01741-00369007-00369254 resp um reaction from
+IFn0-lapgnU-01742-00369255-00369415 the non-indigenous queer community
+IFn0-lapgnU-01743-00369416-00369551 because suddenly i've just called them
+IFn0-lapgnU-01744-00369552-00369734 racists also the aboriginal and torres
+IFn0-lapgnU-01745-00369735-00369830 strait islander community because i've
+IFn0-lapgnU-01746-00369831-00370030 just called them homophobic the bottom
+IFn0-lapgnU-01747-00370031-00370287 line is that's the behavior when there
+IFn0-lapgnU-01748-00370288-00370534 is those structural barriers in place
+IFn0-lapgnU-01749-00370535-00370703 that actually affects the prevention of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01750-00370704-00370871 suicide by average entire strong queer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01751-00370872-00371015 folk so these are really tough
+IFn0-lapgnU-01752-00371016-00371351 conversations to have um but that's
+IFn0-lapgnU-01753-00371352-00371502 something that has just come with the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01754-00371503-00371823 job now um so from again for myself i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01755-00371824-00372087 switch off i separate now even as an
+IFn0-lapgnU-01756-00372088-00372263 aboriginal tiger and a queer person
+IFn0-lapgnU-01757-00372264-00372454 working in average i'm trying to clear
+IFn0-lapgnU-01758-00372455-00372663 suicide prevention really do what i can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01759-00372664-00372943 to disconnect from that body of work um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01760-00372944-00373102 but i just wanted to share that as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-01761-00373103-00373302 so if you are you have an aboriginal
+IFn0-lapgnU-01762-00373303-00373502 tyranny queer colleagues that's also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01763-00373503-00373695 going on for them as well
+IFn0-lapgnU-01764-00373696-00373799 um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01765-00373800-00374054 thanks damian that's a great point
+IFn0-lapgnU-01766-00374055-00374239 um so we are almost out of time for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01767-00374240-00374375 questions we've got a couple of minutes
+IFn0-lapgnU-01768-00374376-00374575 left and we've got quite a few left so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01769-00374576-00374854 i'm picking the last one and that again
+IFn0-lapgnU-01770-00374855-00375054 i think is a good opener for everyone to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01771-00375055-00375351 maybe comment on briefly is what should
+IFn0-lapgnU-01772-00375352-00375567 be the minimum criteria for an
+IFn0-lapgnU-01773-00375568-00375734 organization to be able to say they're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01774-00375735-00375839 truly
+IFn0-lapgnU-01775-00375840-00376191 an lgbtiq a plus affirming supportive
+IFn0-lapgnU-01776-00376192-00376519 service
+IFn0-lapgnU-01777-00376520-00376991 it's a gold question
+IFn0-lapgnU-01778-00376992-00377295 i think it's about uh capacity building
+IFn0-lapgnU-01779-00377296-00377519 within the staff so the skill sets and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01780-00377520-00377702 knowledge of the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01781-00377703-00377878 everyone that's not just the clinicians
+IFn0-lapgnU-01782-00377879-00378191 it's also the reception staff um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01783-00378192-00378343 especially just the reception staff
+IFn0-lapgnU-01784-00378344-00378519 actually who are often the front-facing
+IFn0-lapgnU-01785-00378520-00378695 experience that people have when they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01786-00378696-00378863 engage with the service
+IFn0-lapgnU-01787-00378864-00379078 um and then it's looking at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01788-00379079-00379295 you know the physical environment the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01789-00379296-00379439 the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01790-00379440-00379734 information systems your records your
+IFn0-lapgnU-01791-00379735-00379863 the way that you actually capture
+IFn0-lapgnU-01792-00379864-00380030 information about the people you work
+IFn0-lapgnU-01793-00380031-00380110 with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01794-00380111-00380358 um i think that those would be the very
+IFn0-lapgnU-01795-00380359-00380582 bare minimum standards for me that they
+IFn0-lapgnU-01796-00380583-00380734 need to have done some accredited
+IFn0-lapgnU-01797-00380735-00380830 training
+IFn0-lapgnU-01798-00380831-00381063 um and they and i think there is a set
+IFn0-lapgnU-01799-00381064-00381206 of minimum standards there's some in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01800-00381207-00381343 victorian here in new south wales and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01801-00381344-00381487 the resources we've shared that you can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01802-00381488-00381710 use to literally tick yourself off
+IFn0-lapgnU-01803-00381711-00382087 against as an organization
+IFn0-lapgnU-01804-00382088-00382287 muslim damien
+IFn0-lapgnU-01805-00382288-00382519 i might be a minimum is to ensure that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01806-00382520-00382630 the environment that they're walking
+IFn0-lapgnU-01807-00382631-00382951 into uh is safe for them to engage again
+IFn0-lapgnU-01808-00382952-00383102 the services that you're offering um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01809-00383103-00383310 potentially could be life-saving and so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01810-00383311-00383582 that person needs to feel comfortable um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01811-00383583-00383895 within that space i mean also to not be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01812-00383896-00384087 fearful of making a mistake and if you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01813-00384088-00384254 do make a mistake only you've made the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01814-00384255-00384478 mistake and i just want to go back to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01815-00384479-00384695 something about the pronouns as a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01816-00384696-00384934 cisgendered gay man when i see other
+IFn0-lapgnU-01817-00384935-00385151 people using pronouns i know that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01818-00385152-00385230 they're
+IFn0-lapgnU-01819-00385231-00385463 that i'm going to be safe as a gay man
+IFn0-lapgnU-01820-00385464-00385606 um or there's going to be a level of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01821-00385607-00385751 safety because i've gone to that that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01822-00385752-00385967 extra bit of step i'm currently working
+IFn0-lapgnU-01823-00385968-00386110 with a large co-order people at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01824-00386111-00386271 moment and i'm the only one with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01825-00386272-00386487 pronouns in my zoom and it's online and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01826-00386488-00386791 we're about to have um a in person meet
+IFn0-lapgnU-01827-00386792-00386975 up in a few weeks and i'm like
+IFn0-lapgnU-01828-00386976-00387119 i don't know what the level of safety is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01829-00387120-00387367 so those small things the signs and the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01830-00387368-00387527 symbols i think are really important
+IFn0-lapgnU-01831-00387528-00387663 can't be um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01832-00387664-00387927 understated um in terms of incredible
+IFn0-lapgnU-01833-00387928-00388127 training there's i've not seen anything
+IFn0-lapgnU-01834-00388128-00388287 i'll come across anything that's um had
+IFn0-lapgnU-01835-00388288-00388478 a particular indigenous queer lens put
+IFn0-lapgnU-01836-00388479-00388654 over it to ensure that it is looking at
+IFn0-lapgnU-01837-00388655-00388830 the intersectionality of being both
+IFn0-lapgnU-01838-00388831-00389151 indigenous and queer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01839-00389152-00389295 msn any
+IFn0-lapgnU-01840-00389296-00389534 quick one minute comments one minute
+IFn0-lapgnU-01841-00389535-00389743 comment would be that that you know i'd
+IFn0-lapgnU-01842-00389744-00389943 really encourage everyone to to do their
+IFn0-lapgnU-01843-00389944-00390110 own gender journey just because you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01844-00390111-00390295 assist doesn't mean that you don't get
+IFn0-lapgnU-01845-00390296-00390558 to break down gender and work out your
+IFn0-lapgnU-01846-00390559-00390751 own gender and so don't feel that this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01847-00390752-00390958 is exclusive for trans people and that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01848-00390959-00391102 would actually make your practice a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01849-00391103-00391334 whole lot better and and make practices
+IFn0-lapgnU-01850-00391335-00391575 a whole lot safer
+IFn0-lapgnU-01851-00391576-00391782 so that might have already been a neat
+IFn0-lapgnU-01852-00391783-00391951 way to wrap things up in a way but i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01853-00391952-00392102 would like to turn it back to our
+IFn0-lapgnU-01854-00392103-00392271 panelists again and ask
+IFn0-lapgnU-01855-00392272-00392471 do you have any
+IFn0-lapgnU-01856-00392472-00392630 last minute things that you'd like to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01857-00392631-00392823 say from your own perspective from your
+IFn0-lapgnU-01858-00392824-00393039 own work in a minute or two that sort of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01859-00393040-00393271 really summarizes your take on the topic
+IFn0-lapgnU-01860-00393272-00393558 this evening
+IFn0-lapgnU-01861-00393559-00393927 let's start with atari
+IFn0-lapgnU-01862-00393928-00394071 uh well first i just want to say thanks
+IFn0-lapgnU-01863-00394072-00394302 to everyone who uh showed up tonight
+IFn0-lapgnU-01864-00394303-00394519 because i think that's already a great
+IFn0-lapgnU-01865-00394520-00394767 sign that you are self-aware of you know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01866-00394768-00394910 wanting to develop your skills in this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01867-00394911-00395134 space and i really appreciate it um and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01868-00395135-00395287 i also want to extend a thanks to the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01869-00395288-00395495 fellow panelists who were absolutely
+IFn0-lapgnU-01870-00395496-00395839 fantastic um i think in terms of the key
+IFn0-lapgnU-01871-00395840-00396191 things um i think be a human i think is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01872-00396192-00396367 the point that damian's made a number of
+IFn0-lapgnU-01873-00396368-00396534 times tonight
+IFn0-lapgnU-01874-00396535-00396710 you don't have to get a 100 right you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01875-00396711-00396958 won't it's not possible that's okay
+IFn0-lapgnU-01876-00396959-00397039 and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01877-00397040-00397230 just commit to learning from those
+IFn0-lapgnU-01878-00397231-00397582 experiences and doing the best you can
+IFn0-lapgnU-01879-00397583-00397751 pay attention to language learn the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01880-00397752-00397927 language and there are lots of resources
+IFn0-lapgnU-01881-00397928-00398119 to help you with that and then practice
+IFn0-lapgnU-01882-00398120-00398399 those skills over and over um and and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01883-00398400-00398519 maintain that practice because i
+IFn0-lapgnU-01884-00398520-00398702 guarantee the language will change it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01885-00398703-00399006 has in my lifetime of experience
+IFn0-lapgnU-01886-00399007-00399310 um and and keep a sort of uh
+IFn0-lapgnU-01887-00399311-00399567 yeah a forward thinking approach at all
+IFn0-lapgnU-01888-00399568-00399775 times
+IFn0-lapgnU-01889-00399776-00399975 i think there's harry
+IFn0-lapgnU-01890-00399976-00400175 um the final comments i'd like to make
+IFn0-lapgnU-01891-00400176-00400367 is is that the the burden education
+IFn0-lapgnU-01892-00400368-00400678 should be on the clinicians not on the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01893-00400679-00400902 people who are presenting to you in
+IFn0-lapgnU-01894-00400903-00401030 crisis
+IFn0-lapgnU-01895-00401031-00401295 go and get educated and we need you we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01896-00401296-00401582 we need more people educated and willing
+IFn0-lapgnU-01897-00401583-00401854 to work in this space and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01898-00401855-00402015 that is what's going to save lives and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01899-00402016-00402151 that's what's going to normalize things
+IFn0-lapgnU-01900-00402152-00402382 within community and allow people just
+IFn0-lapgnU-01901-00402383-00402934 to live and be their authentic self
+IFn0-lapgnU-01902-00402935-00403206 and for myself um i feel really
+IFn0-lapgnU-01903-00403207-00403375 privileged and then that i've had this
+IFn0-lapgnU-01904-00403376-00403519 opportunity to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01905-00403520-00403751 learn from both atari and emerson um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01906-00403752-00403919 over this short little bit
+IFn0-lapgnU-01907-00403920-00404191 this evening but also in preparation for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01908-00404192-00404367 and i'm really going to um wave the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01909-00404368-00404575 gender affirming flag here i think that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01910-00404576-00404775 it's really is essential
+IFn0-lapgnU-01911-00404776-00404958 not just at a clinician level but also
+IFn0-lapgnU-01912-00404959-00405334 the societal level i think that families
+IFn0-lapgnU-01913-00405335-00405678 need to have access to this information
+IFn0-lapgnU-01914-00405679-00405887 i think there's a lot of families out
+IFn0-lapgnU-01915-00405888-00405991 there with
+IFn0-lapgnU-01916-00405992-00406319 young children who require gender
+IFn0-lapgnU-01917-00406320-00406534 affirming care and parents don't know
+IFn0-lapgnU-01918-00406535-00406695 what that is or don't know how to ask
+IFn0-lapgnU-01919-00406696-00406919 for it and young people don't
+IFn0-lapgnU-01920-00406920-00407175 um know how to ask for it and that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01921-00407176-00407423 that's really upsetting to me so
+IFn0-lapgnU-01922-00407424-00407582 that's the flag that i'm gonna wait for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01923-00407583-00407791 this evening is around you know you get
+IFn0-lapgnU-01924-00407792-00407967 into this gender affirmative find out
+IFn0-lapgnU-01925-00407968-00408143 what it is and and not just at the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01926-00408144-00408358 clinician's level also around educating
+IFn0-lapgnU-01927-00408359-00408543 um for families because they need it and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01928-00408544-00408702 also the young young people need it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01929-00408703-00408910 especially
+IFn0-lapgnU-01930-00408911-00409071 i'd be really sneaking at one more thing
+IFn0-lapgnU-01931-00409072-00409182 because
+IFn0-lapgnU-01932-00409183-00409367 david just just did inspire me to remind
+IFn0-lapgnU-01933-00409368-00409582 myself to say this too which is to to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01934-00409583-00409814 not let it end at your one-on-one work
+IFn0-lapgnU-01935-00409815-00410063 and um to recognize that working in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01936-00410064-00410351 space you have a lot of power um from
+IFn0-lapgnU-01937-00410352-00410582 the positions that you all occupy and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01938-00410583-00410847 you can do a great deal of work in terms
+IFn0-lapgnU-01939-00410847-00411134 of helping to change structures as we've
+IFn0-lapgnU-01940-00411135-00411295 heard from everyone tonight that the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01941-00411296-00411503 structural issues are really significant
+IFn0-lapgnU-01942-00411504-00411687 so i encourage you to advocate and that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01943-00411688-00411903 that extends to thinking about where and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01944-00411904-00412191 how you vote and and petitions and be
+IFn0-lapgnU-01945-00412192-00412478 vocal as you can in supporting um these
+IFn0-lapgnU-01946-00412479-00412614 communities trans people have really
+IFn0-lapgnU-01947-00412615-00412855 borne the brunt of some extraordinarily
+IFn0-lapgnU-01948-00412856-00413095 um damaging public debate recently
+IFn0-lapgnU-01949-00413096-00413295 without any trans people being able to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01950-00413296-00413591 participate in them all very few and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01951-00413592-00413807 we really do need our lives
+IFn0-lapgnU-01952-00413808-00413943 so i just want to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01953-00413943-00414174 advocate for advocacy um
+IFn0-lapgnU-01954-00414175-00414359 so thank you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01955-00414360-00414647 thank you thanks amazing thanks damian
+IFn0-lapgnU-01956-00414647-00414999 uh so we've had quite a few
+IFn0-lapgnU-01957-00415000-00415143 questions coming obviously we couldn't
+IFn0-lapgnU-01958-00415143-00415287 address and many of them were about
+IFn0-lapgnU-01959-00415288-00415791 resources so we do have a wonderful
+IFn0-lapgnU-01960-00415792-00415934 resource that's going to be that is
+IFn0-lapgnU-01961-00415935-00416095 available to you to download that has
+IFn0-lapgnU-01962-00416096-00416334 lots of links and references and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01963-00416335-00416622 resources and information about all the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01964-00416623-00416830 uh reports that damian's done for
+IFn0-lapgnU-01965-00416831-00417039 example and websites
+IFn0-lapgnU-01966-00417039-00417174 but
+IFn0-lapgnU-01967-00417175-00417399 we i can already see and i'm sure mhp
+IFn0-lapgnU-01968-00417400-00417534 and can see as well that there have been
+IFn0-lapgnU-01969-00417535-00417670 some questions that have come through
+IFn0-lapgnU-01970-00417671-00417887 that
+IFn0-lapgnU-01971-00417888-00418047 maybe we haven't included enough
+IFn0-lapgnU-01972-00418047-00418239 resources around so certainly we will
+IFn0-lapgnU-01973-00418239-00418399 continue this conversation between
+IFn0-lapgnU-01974-00418400-00418647 ourselves and we will work with mhbn to
+IFn0-lapgnU-01975-00418647-00418910 update that list of resources as needed
+IFn0-lapgnU-01976-00418912-00419047 certainly there was a question that came
+IFn0-lapgnU-01977-00419047-00419247 in at the very end around uh the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01978-00419247-00419391 intersections of suicidality and
+IFn0-lapgnU-01979-00419392-00419655 domestic violence for lgbtiq plus people
+IFn0-lapgnU-01980-00419656-00419847 so i know i can certainly speak and i'm
+IFn0-lapgnU-01981-00419847-00420031 sure atari would it would as well too a
+IFn0-lapgnU-01982-00420032-00420239 wonderful resource from acon
+IFn0-lapgnU-01983-00420239-00420422 that there's really fantastic
+IFn0-lapgnU-01984-00420423-00420703 information around um domestic violence
+IFn0-lapgnU-01985-00420704-00421014 for lgbtiq plus people that includes you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01986-00421015-00421199 know a locate yourself and where's the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01987-00421200-00421399 nearest service for you in it
+IFn0-lapgnU-01988-00421400-00421614 so we'll add some of these extra
+IFn0-lapgnU-01989-00421615-00421879 resources into our existing resources we
+IFn0-lapgnU-01990-00421880-00422087 already have up there for you um in the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01991-00422088-00422295 coming days to make sure that the extra
+IFn0-lapgnU-01992-00422296-00422487 questions we were asked about around you
+IFn0-lapgnU-01993-00422488-00422655 know the inclusion of non-binary young
+IFn0-lapgnU-01994-00422656-00422870 people in schools and the
+IFn0-lapgnU-01995-00422871-00423039 legislative issues that some people may
+IFn0-lapgnU-01996-00423039-00423263 be facing around the inclusion of lgbtiq
+IFn0-lapgnU-01997-00423264-00423487 people in hospitals and in other medical
+IFn0-lapgnU-01998-00423488-00423687 services questions around domestic
+IFn0-lapgnU-01999-00423688-00423863 violence so we want you to know that
+IFn0-lapgnU-02000-00423864-00424022 we've heard those questions
+IFn0-lapgnU-02001-00424023-00424166 but we couldn't get to all of them this
+IFn0-lapgnU-02002-00424167-00424327 evening but many of them for me were
+IFn0-lapgnU-02003-00424328-00424575 around resource information so we will
+IFn0-lapgnU-02004-00424576-00424783 make sure those resources are added in
+IFn0-lapgnU-02005-00424784-00424959 to the resources we've already got there
+IFn0-lapgnU-02006-00424960-00425118 for you
+IFn0-lapgnU-02007-00425119-00425375 so i'd like to wrap up by starting by
+IFn0-lapgnU-02008-00425376-00425583 giving my genuine heartfelt thanks to
+IFn0-lapgnU-02009-00425584-00425822 our three panelists um for saying such
+IFn0-lapgnU-02010-00425823-00425983 amazing things and i already knew what
+IFn0-lapgnU-02011-00425984-00426159 that i was going to say but even what
+IFn0-lapgnU-02012-00426160-00426279 they said was
+IFn0-lapgnU-02013-00426280-00426479 amazing to hear again and extra things
+IFn0-lapgnU-02014-00426480-00426622 that added in that i didn't know was
+IFn0-lapgnU-02015-00426623-00426839 going to be added in was just amazing
+IFn0-lapgnU-02016-00426839-00426983 those extra sort of thoughts and
+IFn0-lapgnU-02017-00426984-00427118 comments that they shared with us i
+IFn0-lapgnU-02018-00427119-00427327 think are really inspiring
+IFn0-lapgnU-02019-00427328-00427583 for why we all do this work
+IFn0-lapgnU-02020-00427584-00427718 i would like to
+IFn0-lapgnU-02021-00427719-00427966 ask all the attendees to
+IFn0-lapgnU-02022-00427967-00428103 take a moment
+IFn0-lapgnU-02023-00428104-00428327 to do the feedback survey this it's so
+IFn0-lapgnU-02024-00428328-00428583 important for mhmpn to learn about what
+IFn0-lapgnU-02025-00428584-00428743 we do well and what we could do better
+IFn0-lapgnU-02026-00428743-00428975 both as panelists but also as an
+IFn0-lapgnU-02027-00428976-00429159 organization
+IFn0-lapgnU-02028-00429160-00429335 and if you don't have time to do that
+IFn0-lapgnU-02029-00429335-00429495 this evening don't have time to click on
+IFn0-lapgnU-02030-00429496-00429710 the link then you'll get follow-up
+IFn0-lapgnU-02031-00429712-00429918 information from mhp and to encourage
+IFn0-lapgnU-02032-00429919-00430103 you to do that survey which is really
+IFn0-lapgnU-02033-00430104-00430351 really important
+IFn0-lapgnU-02034-00430352-00430887 uh the next slide please
+IFn0-lapgnU-02035-00430888-00431103 so there's just a few bits and pieces of
+IFn0-lapgnU-02036-00431104-00431255 housekeeping
+IFn0-lapgnU-02037-00431256-00431455 to remind you around what's coming up so
+IFn0-lapgnU-02038-00431456-00431655 there's a number of webinars coming up
+IFn0-lapgnU-02039-00431656-00431839 in the coming weeks there's one on
+IFn0-lapgnU-02040-00431839-00432014 assessment and engage with infants and
+IFn0-lapgnU-02041-00432015-00432175 children that you're welcome to register
+IFn0-lapgnU-02042-00432176-00432270 for
+IFn0-lapgnU-02043-00432271-00432647 there is other ones coming up around um
+IFn0-lapgnU-02044-00432647-00432839 the the more information will be coming
+IFn0-lapgnU-02045-00432839-00432999 out soon so we encourage you to keep an
+IFn0-lapgnU-02046-00433000-00433231 eye on that information and to register
+IFn0-lapgnU-02047-00433232-00433431 for things that may be interested to you
+IFn0-lapgnU-02048-00433432-00433607 and to go back to what all the panel has
+IFn0-lapgnU-02049-00433608-00433814 said to ensure that this information is
+IFn0-lapgnU-02050-00433815-00434031 going through your network so we had you
+IFn0-lapgnU-02051-00434032-00434263 know 1500 of people here this evening
+IFn0-lapgnU-02052-00434264-00434447 but we want you to get that word out to
+IFn0-lapgnU-02053-00434447-00434655 people beyond all of you and to keep
+IFn0-lapgnU-02054-00434656-00434799 this sort of momentum happening for
+IFn0-lapgnU-02055-00434800-00435014 people to understand the work that mhm
+IFn0-lapgnU-02056-00435015-00435118 does
+IFn0-lapgnU-02057-00435119-00435247 so in
+IFn0-lapgnU-02058-00435247-00435351 summary
+IFn0-lapgnU-02059-00435352-00435551 mhpn's networking program supports
+IFn0-lapgnU-02060-00435552-00435718 practitioners to meet a network with
+IFn0-lapgnU-02061-00435719-00435918 others from their local community there
+IFn0-lapgnU-02062-00435919-00436183 are more than 350 across the country
+IFn0-lapgnU-02063-00436184-00436379 visit the mhpm website
+IFn0-lapgnU-02064-00436380-00436566 mhpn.org you
+IFn0-lapgnU-02065-00436567-00436695 to find your nearest if you're
+IFn0-lapgnU-02066-00436696-00437063 interested in starting one contact
+IFn0-lapgnU-02067-00437064-00437303 by email mhpn or and they'll provide you
+IFn0-lapgnU-02068-00437304-00437535 details or you can ask this in your
+IFn0-lapgnU-02069-00437535-00437695 feedback survey for more information
+IFn0-lapgnU-02070-00437696-00437927 about how you make that contact
+IFn0-lapgnU-02071-00437928-00438239 so in conclusion i'd like to note i'd
+IFn0-lapgnU-02072-00438239-00438383 like to really acknowledge the lived
+IFn0-lapgnU-02073-00438384-00438566 experience of people and carers who have
+IFn0-lapgnU-02074-00438567-00438783 lived with mental illness in the past
+IFn0-lapgnU-02075-00438784-00438910 and those who continue to live with
+IFn0-lapgnU-02076-00438912-00439103 mental illness in the present
+IFn0-lapgnU-02077-00439104-00439247 thank you to everyone for your
+IFn0-lapgnU-02078-00439247-00439623 participation this evening
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+IGjPWz-tz0u-00329-00462039-00462247 you
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00000-00001282-00001539 my work looks at the way in which our
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00001-00001540-00001776 works relate to each other so not just
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00002-00001777-00001998 visual art relating to other visual art
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00003-00001998-00002301 or music relating to other music but
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00004-00002302-00002651 trying to bring them together artwork
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00005-00002652-00003000 it's not trying to give us one visual
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00006-00003001-00003279 sense it tries to move us and to move us
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00007-00003279-00003461 it's a very phenomenological thing it
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00008-00003462-00003699 tries to evoke all our senses so I'm
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00009-00003700-00003924 interested in ways in which one artwork
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00010-00003925-00004179 which is limited often by its medium
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00011-00004180-00004586 does that in common is very interesting
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00012-00004587-00004781 because it's opera the quintessential
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00013-00004782-00005001 Western classical form and it's
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00014-00005002-00005195 interesting that it's one story which
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00015-00005196-00005402 has found resonance across so many
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00016-00005403-00005649 cultures and so many times so the idea
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00017-00005650-00005813 of the project is to look at these
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00018-00005814-00005976 different kind of incarnations and put
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00019-00005977-00006513 them even next to each other we have two
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00020-00006514-00006726 artists Rawdon story and johanna devi
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00021-00006727-00007023 and they've been asked to strip down the
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00022-00007023-00007346 idea of common into what they think are
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00023-00007347-00007680 the essentials and so today we've
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+IHN_gLYBcOU-00025-00007867-00008094 put those elements together and hammer
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+IHN_gLYBcOU-00027-00008340-00008796 show robin is a electronic musician
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00028-00008797-00009009 multimedia artist so he's going to do a
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00029-00009010-00009224 sort of industrial ambient version of
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00030-00009225-00009510 common the honour comes from a
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00031-00009511-00009699 background of contemporary dance and
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00032-00009700-00009935 indian classical dance so she combines
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00033-00009936-00010152 these elements and creates movements
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00034-00010153-00010395 that to her make sense so the movement
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00035-00010396-00010589 has to come from her and feel authentic
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00036-00010590-00010881 to express the kind of the key things
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00037-00010882-00011208 we're trying to express the whole piece
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00038-00011209-00011487 of centrifuge moves from kind of
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00039-00011488-00011960 attention to a sensuality and then to
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00040-00011961-00012206 something a little more aggressive so
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00041-00012207-00012405 that the confrontations and conflicts
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00042-00012406-00012705 that happen in the original story and in
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00043-00012706-00012984 this version of common it ends on kind
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00044-00012985-00013185 of basically disintegration and
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00045-00013186-00013316 destruction
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00046-00013318-00013520 you know it's fantastic because it's a
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00047-00013521-00013752 story that can cross these cultural
+IHN_gLYBcOU-00048-00013753-00014076 boundaries in art forms
+II1M5ybQj-I-00000-00000003-00000227 you just recommend we study float near
+II1M5ybQj-I-00001-00000228-00000542 walls whenever we flow through it around
+II1M5ybQj-I-00002-00000543-00000886 any given arbitrary solid object we find
+II1M5ybQj-I-00003-00000888-00001174 that at ordinary Reynolds numbers the
+II1M5ybQj-I-00004-00001175-00001415 shear effects are concentrated in an
+II1M5ybQj-I-00005-00001416-00001664 area very close to the surface of the
+II1M5ybQj-I-00006-00001664-00001970 solid object and we call this area the
+II1M5ybQj-I-00007-00001971-00002249 boundary layer what I want to do chapter
+II1M5ybQj-I-00008-00002250-00002434 7 is to be able to quantify everything
+II1M5ybQj-I-00009-00002435-00002626 about the boundary layer in particular
+II1M5ybQj-I-00010-00002627-00002893 how the velocity inside a layer is
+II1M5ybQj-I-00011-00002894-00003193 distributed how large the thickness of
+II1M5ybQj-I-00012-00003194-00003395 the boundary layer is and how it grows
+II1M5ybQj-I-00013-00003396-00003728 with business and most importantly how
+II1M5ybQj-I-00014-00003729-00004010 much shear is exerted by the free flow
+II1M5ybQj-I-00015-00004011-00004304 around the given arbitrary solid surface
+II1M5ybQj-I-00016-00004305-00004672 the concluded charges are not very
+II1M5ybQj-I-00017-00004673-00004826 difficult chapter because we've seen the
+II1M5ybQj-I-00018-00004827-00005138 method for working out fluid flow before
+II1M5ybQj-I-00019-00005139-00005354 the first part wouldn't pretend
+II1M5ybQj-I-00020-00005355-00005527 everything is nice and smooth and when
+II1M5ybQj-I-00021-00005528-00005792 qualified the velocity inside boundary
+II1M5ybQj-I-00022-00005793-00006092 layer for laminar flow and second part
+II1M5ybQj-I-00023-00006093-00006299 we turn to determine and throw with
+II1M5ybQj-I-00024-00006300-00006472 every now able to solve all the three
+II1M5ybQj-I-00025-00006473-00006706 equations anymore and so we need to use
+II1M5ybQj-I-00026-00006708-00006992 experimental data which is time averaged
+II1M5ybQj-I-00027-00006993-00007301 to be able to describe the time average
+II1M5ybQj-I-00028-00007302-00007553 thickness and velocity distribution
+II1M5ybQj-I-00029-00007554-00007903 inside the boundary layer there's a
+II1M5ybQj-I-00030-00007904-00008042 single question you can work on as you
+II1M5ybQj-I-00031-00008043-00008134 prepare for Chapter seven
+II1M5ybQj-I-00032-00008136-00008588 and it's a fun take any arbitrary others
+II1M5ybQj-I-00033-00008589-00008948 that you prefer with certain ones take
+II1M5ybQj-I-00034-00008949-00009139 any arbitrary flow with incoming
+II1M5ybQj-I-00035-00009140-00009434 properties that you prefer and try to
+II1M5ybQj-I-00036-00009435-00009662 qualify the thickness of the boundary
+II1M5ybQj-I-00037-00009663-00009878 layer or child for the onion that going
+II1M5ybQj-I-00038-00009879-00010292 to enable you to predict how thick the
+II1M5ybQj-I-00039-00010293-00010549 boundary layer is for any given
+II1M5ybQj-I-00040-00010550-00011003 properties of your choice this is all I
+II1M5ybQj-I-00041-00011004-00011246 wish you a happy program and I'll see
+II1M5ybQj-I-00042-00011247-00011371 you Thursday in lecture hall
+II1M5ybQj-I-00043-00011372-00011768 particular setting on the boundary layer
+IImrOd3jxao-00001-00005553-00006236 No
+IImrOd3jxao-00002-00006237-00008059 [Music]
+IImrOd3jxao-00003-00008061-00008267 you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00000-00000010-00000238 [Music]
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00001-00000239-00001333 foreign
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00002-00001334-00001655 news source for data Cloud USA and today
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00003-00001655-00001907 we are coming to you live from beautiful
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00004-00001907-00002099 Austin Texas where we're hearing from
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00005-00002100-00002315 thought leaders around the tech Telecom
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00006-00002316-00002579 and data center space I am Keeley Dorian
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00007-00002580-00002837 and joining me right now we have Stuart
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00008-00002838-00002992 Lawrence vice president of product
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00009-00002993-00003274 engineering with stream data center so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00010-00003275-00003454 thank you so much and welcome for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00011-00003455-00003772 welcome to JSA TV live thank you so much
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00012-00003773-00003970 um great to be here at hookum as they
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00013-00003971-00004313 say in Austin Texas great show so far a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00014-00004314-00004504 great panel this morning
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00015-00004505-00004636 um having a good time
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00016-00004637-00004847 that is really excellent to hear and you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00017-00004848-00005027 can just definitely feel the energy lots
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00018-00005028-00005219 of people just excited to be all in the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00019-00005220-00005369 same room together
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00020-00005370-00005506 um so let's dig right in and let's talk
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00021-00005507-00005651 a little bit about stream just for those
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00022-00005652-00005836 of us who who don't know can you just
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00023-00005837-00005981 share a little bit more about what you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00024-00005982-00006154 guys do and where you're located yeah
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00025-00006155-00006377 happy to you um so stream data center is
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00026-00006378-00006587 part of stream Realty located in Dallas
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00027-00006588-00007037 Texas uh we are a Full Slate developer
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00028-00007038-00007234 of data center sites so we'll do land
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00029-00007236-00007456 we'll do corn shell we'll do fully
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00030-00007458-00007714 operated MEP fit out facilities
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00031-00007715-00007974 typically we work with Fortune 100
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00032-00007975-00008231 hyperscale type customers on wholesale
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00033-00008232-00008410 type deals
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00034-00008411-00008659 um and you know in-house engineering
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00035-00008660-00009005 great operations team we we work across
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00036-00009006-00009142 the Spectrum
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00037-00009143-00009431 always a lot going on I'm sure
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00038-00009432-00009641 a lot going on yeah I mean and we're
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00039-00009642-00009905 we're been around since 1999 right we've
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00040-00009906-00010174 built over 25 data centers now we've got
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00041-00010175-00010373 a raft of facilities and campuses that
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00042-00010374-00010606 are underway for our customers
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00043-00010607-00010853 um so yeah we've had our challenges with
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00044-00010854-00011027 as with everybody else it's been a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00045-00011028-00011219 incredible last couple years
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00046-00011220-00011417 um but we we continue to be trusted and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00047-00011418-00011710 and asked to deliver and and so far
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00048-00011711-00011969 touch word things are going well
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00049-00011970-00012142 um but very busy absolutely
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00050-00012143-00012335 well let's talk about you for just a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00051-00012336-00012617 moment here if we can back in May you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00052-00012618-00012802 were named the vice president of product
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00053-00012803-00013001 engineering at stream so congratulations
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00054-00013002-00013277 for that what um exciting things have
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00055-00013278-00013403 you and your team been working on for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00056-00013404-00013697 your customers a huge amount right so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00057-00013697-00013883 not only dealing with supply chain
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00058-00013884-00014086 figuring out how we can adapt certain
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00059-00014087-00014303 things uh what we can do with our design
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00060-00014304-00014477 to make it more streamlined to be able
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00061-00014478-00014783 to deliver faster in Budget on time for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00062-00014784-00014999 our customers right we've been
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00063-00015000-00015358 developing a new fan wall technology for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00064-00015359-00015563 our for our cooling platform we've been
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00065-00015563-00015893 looking at how we uh build on the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00066-00015894-00016066 topology that we've currently got for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00067-00016068-00016300 our electrical design specifically for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00068-00016301-00016505 some of our hyperscale customers that
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00069-00016506-00016679 have some different redundancy
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00070-00016680-00016799 requirements
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00071-00016800-00016961 um so I've been I've been extremely busy
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00072-00016962-00017111 working with construction working with
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00073-00017112-00017230 design working with our Consulting
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00074-00017231-00017380 Engineers
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00075-00017381-00017555 um not a lot of sleep over the last six
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00076-00017556-00017675 months but
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00077-00017676-00017891 um it's been fabulous yeah I'm having a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00078-00017892-00018047 thoroughly good time at stream data
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00079-00018048-00018275 centers well you know the saying no rest
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00080-00018276-00018436 for the weary so you're just going to
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00081-00018437-00018617 fall into that category my friend the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00082-00018618-00018965 one I know is no rest for the wicked so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00083-00018966-00019157 the wicked or the weary can we say both
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00084-00019158-00019444 well you guys have also been very busy
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00085-00019445-00019727 on the customer front you recently
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00086-00019728-00019919 um stream recently announced it was
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00087-00019920-00020075 selected as a trusted data center
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00088-00020076-00020344 partner by T Systems can you share some
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00089-00020345-00020644 of the details about that and why that
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00090-00020645-00020843 was just a good fit for both of you yeah
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00091-00020844-00020980 you know it's and it's sort of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00092-00020981-00021179 indicative of us with all of our clients
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00093-00021180-00021322 right so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00094-00021323-00021599 um stream like I said privately held
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00095-00021600-00021989 since 1999. we uh are a trusted uh
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00096-00021990-00022139 vendor to all of our customers and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00097-00022140-00022433 that's because we are very candid uh we
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00098-00022434-00022613 never get over our skis we try to
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00099-00022614-00022853 honestly portray exactly what we have
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00100-00022854-00023044 coming and we generally deliver what we
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00101-00023045-00023333 what we've set out to promise right so a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00102-00023334-00023483 lot of the time the things that we bring
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00103-00023484-00023657 to the table for our customers are just
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00104-00023658-00023867 very very good Clarity in supply chain
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00105-00023868-00024071 and and what's going on and how we're
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00106-00024072-00024280 going to deliver and so they trust us
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00107-00024281-00024527 there's a there's a very high depth of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00108-00024528-00024833 trust and um and we we continue to do
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00109-00024834-00025019 that so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00110-00025020-00025258 um you know coupled with I think a very
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00111-00025259-00025517 good understanding of of the facilities
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00112-00025518-00025720 in general electrical topologies the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00113-00025722-00025931 mechanical side of the equation
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00114-00025932-00026152 um you know we we can deliver the goods
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00115-00026154-00026314 uh when it comes to that side of the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00116-00026316-00026387 house
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00117-00026388-00026596 and and speaking of that trust I mean
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00118-00026597-00026801 you really do have a very good industry
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00119-00026802-00027005 reputation I read a stat that I've got
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00120-00027006-00027112 it right here
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00121-00027113-00027317 um it's something like 80 percent of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00122-00027318-00027508 your customer base is made up of Fortune
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00123-00027510-00027755 500 companies do you believe it's
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00124-00027756-00027923 because of that level of trust that you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00125-00027924-00028090 have established with them yeah I mean
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00126-00028091-00028277 you get found out very very quickly by
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00127-00028277-00028546 those folks right if you can't uh
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00128-00028547-00028805 deliver what you promised and I think um
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00129-00028806-00028990 that that shows you know in the in the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00130-00028991-00029267 over 20 what's the 23 years now stream
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00131-00029268-00029477 has been operating we've never ever been
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00132-00029477-00029681 sued we've never had a client terminate
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00133-00029682-00029867 early on a contract we've never had
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00134-00029868-00030143 someone leave and sue the company so
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00135-00030144-00030383 um very reliable very honest and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00136-00030383-00030664 steadfast uh and so I mean I think that
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00137-00030666-00030935 just shows uh most of our clients would
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00138-00030936-00031090 like us to deliver more capacity right
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00139-00031091-00031217 so but we're not going to get over our
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00140-00031218-00031385 skis we're going to stay stage of the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00141-00031386-00031714 course uh and we will grow and we've
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00142-00031716-00031907 been doing that tremendously but uh
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00143-00031908-00032027 without getting outside of our comfort
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00144-00032027-00032393 zone I think yeah absolutely and so um
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00145-00032394-00032662 any sneak peeks of what you can give us
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00146-00032663-00033005 what's to come for in 2023 for stream
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00147-00033006-00033118 you know
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00148-00033119-00033365 um so every we're already ordering for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00149-00033366-00033557 2024 actually
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00150-00033558-00033779 um most of our infrastructure for 2023
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00151-00033780-00034001 has been ordered and paid for a lot of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00152-00034002-00034174 it and it's on its way
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00153-00034175-00034385 um and uh we've got a huge amount of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00154-00034386-00034618 capacity in some new geographies that
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00155-00034619-00034823 are coming out will be announced fairly
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00156-00034824-00035009 shortly one of them got leaked actually
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00157-00035010-00035243 a few months ago but
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00158-00035244-00035417 um no we'll continue to build on the the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00159-00035418-00035740 site's campuses we have we have a like I
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00160-00035741-00035861 said earlier we've been working pretty
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00161-00035862-00036017 hard on a cooling platform in the
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00162-00036018-00036155 background that gives our customers a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00163-00036156-00036407 lot more flexibility and freedom uh and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00164-00036408-00036671 allows us to construct in a a better way
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00165-00036672-00037031 so there's some of that coming just you
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00166-00037032-00037193 know small improvements along the way
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00167-00037194-00037445 make sure that we iterate correctly and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00168-00037446-00037685 um and and keep sailing tight
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00169-00037686-00037907 so where can people go now that you've
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00170-00037908-00038146 given us these um these teasers how can
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00171-00038147-00038302 we follow you and where can we go for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00172-00038303-00038485 more information yeah stream
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00173-00038486-00038693 datacenters.com I think is a good place
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00174-00038694-00038957 to start uh I think you know a lot of
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00175-00038958-00039167 the the folks that are in uh site
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00176-00039168-00039352 assessments and looking for land and
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00177-00039353-00039611 stuff knows pretty well
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00178-00039612-00039767 um but for anyone who doesn't you know
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00179-00039768-00040012 the usual social media Outlets were here
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00180-00040013-00040367 and come and talk to us yeah we're
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00181-00040368-00040589 we might not have a lot to sell you a
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00182-00040590-00040709 lot of our customers have taken it all
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00183-00040710-00040967 but we're always open to developing
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00184-00040968-00041189 we'll we'll develop and sell you a piece
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00185-00041190-00041362 of land we'll do a show we don't have to
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00186-00041363-00041668 be tied to a whole you know the whole uh
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00187-00041669-00041824 facility as it were
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00188-00041825-00042083 well thank you so much for stopping by
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00189-00042084-00042209 um I hope that you're having a great
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00190-00042210-00042359 conference and that you enjoy the rest
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00191-00042360-00042557 of it so thank you very much for joining
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00192-00042558-00042743 us here on JSA TV and thank you for
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00193-00042744-00042887 joining us as well and as always happy
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00194-00042888-00043169 networking
+IIpEs7Zjp-0-00195-00043170-00043993 [Music]
+IIuckEvnenQ-00000-00000564-00000792 welcome to robotics for the new
+IIuckEvnenQ-00001-00000793-00001402 initiative today will become your bit
+IIuckEvnenQ-00002-00001403-00001585 above introduction tonight is actually
+IIuckEvnenQ-00003-00001586-00002056 argue the learning objectives of this
+IIuckEvnenQ-00004-00002057-00002440 tutorial is one who's learning about
+IIuckEvnenQ-00005-00002441-00002788 sensors and different metal sensors
+IIuckEvnenQ-00006-00002789-00002931 we'll be learning a bit about
+IIuckEvnenQ-00007-00002932-00003168 microcontrollers it will be progressing
+IIuckEvnenQ-00008-00003169-00003543 into avila you know we don't have a big
+IIuckEvnenQ-00009-00003544-00003868 description talk about is the difference
+IIuckEvnenQ-00010-00003869-00003985 between microprocessor and
+IIuckEvnenQ-00011-00003986-00004254 microcontrollers don't talk about
+IIuckEvnenQ-00012-00004255-00004657 Sealand our communication systems then
+IIuckEvnenQ-00013-00004658-00004825 in the getting started without in your
+IIuckEvnenQ-00014-00004826-00005235 ID from download engine so let the talk
+IIuckEvnenQ-00015-00005236-00005436 a bit about basically beacons and
+IIuckEvnenQ-00016-00005437-00005641 different types of functions we have in
+IIuckEvnenQ-00017-00005642-00005907 modulus and that will be totally hands
+IIuckEvnenQ-00018-00005908-00006217 on this and double the inking the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00019-00006218-00006727 tutorials let's get as well and it's not
+IIuckEvnenQ-00020-00006728-00007392 mutation so sensors so when you think
+IIuckEvnenQ-00021-00007393-00007726 about sentence not comes in our mouth if
+IIuckEvnenQ-00022-00007727-00008088 you ever talk about the word censored in
+IIuckEvnenQ-00023-00008089-00008356 a feeling that then in the small you
+IIuckEvnenQ-00024-00008357-00008592 have picked up that we have five
+IIuckEvnenQ-00025-00008593-00008864 senses we humans are visualized answers
+IIuckEvnenQ-00026-00008865-00009434 we can sense with our eyes are skilled
+IIuckEvnenQ-00027-00009435-00009858 can paste data we can smell we can hear
+IIuckEvnenQ-00028-00009859-00010224 so what is it in your sensors that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00029-00010225-00010428 devices of this nature can take some
+IIuckEvnenQ-00030-00010429-00010689 info from the outside world we didn't
+IIuckEvnenQ-00031-00010690-00010899 wrap with outside world now with the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00032-00010900-00011067 help of the sensors you get to
+IIuckEvnenQ-00033-00011068-00011227 understand the change that is happening
+IIuckEvnenQ-00034-00011228-00011571 in the outside world central difference
+IIuckEvnenQ-00035-00011572-00011898 sense outside world they give you values
+IIuckEvnenQ-00036-00011899-00012237 and lets you understand it there is any
+IIuckEvnenQ-00037-00012238-00012648 change in value in electronics sensors
+IIuckEvnenQ-00038-00012649-00012979 are basically something that takes our
+IIuckEvnenQ-00039-00012980-00013168 measures of physical property and
+IIuckEvnenQ-00040-00013169-00013450 records indicate otherwise response to
+IIuckEvnenQ-00041-00013451-00013843 it this is device it's get or
+IIuckEvnenQ-00042-00013844-00014137 there is a physical property not
+IIuckEvnenQ-00043-00014138-00014518 supportive we want to measure the speed
+IIuckEvnenQ-00044-00014519-00015061 of a beta little physical physical
+IIuckEvnenQ-00045-00015062-00015491 quantity that you want to record
+IIuckEvnenQ-00046-00015493-00015856 indicates the right response to responds
+IIuckEvnenQ-00047-00015857-00016276 differently it is a sensor that changes
+IIuckEvnenQ-00048-00016277-00016687 capacitance when water falls on so that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00049-00016688-00017098 sensor is this morning by changing the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00050-00017099-00017584 capacitance with the drop of water now
+IIuckEvnenQ-00051-00017585-00017812 we think indicate it indicates that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00052-00017813-00018325 there is a change in the W while sudden
+IIuckEvnenQ-00053-00018326-00018529 census it is important to understand
+IIuckEvnenQ-00054-00018530-00018844 that our world is at genera of work
+IIuckEvnenQ-00055-00018845-00019162 whatever we see around us this boy that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00056-00019163-00019627 I'm talking to you Abdullah is a buzz
+IIuckEvnenQ-00057-00019628-00019906 right we are talking and we have
+IIuckEvnenQ-00058-00019907-00020161 different again certificates in the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00059-00020162-00020404 moment it seemed it's a continuous curve
+IIuckEvnenQ-00060-00020405-00021022 and it's centers of the electronics they
+IIuckEvnenQ-00061-00021023-00021433 also deal basically analog inputs when
+IIuckEvnenQ-00062-00021434-00021769 you see sensors in electronics they'll
+IIuckEvnenQ-00063-00021770-00022167 be getting values that range from
+IIuckEvnenQ-00064-00022168-00022690 notable little higher maybe from zero x
+IIuckEvnenQ-00065-00022691-00023002 we have anywhere above you what let's
+IIuckEvnenQ-00066-00023003-00023536 see Amina so I will it is actually
+IIuckEvnenQ-00067-00023537-00024069 another world and widely using sensors
+IIuckEvnenQ-00068-00024070-00024508 we take to detect that it is changing
+IIuckEvnenQ-00069-00024509-00024913 venerable so basically what we want our
+IIuckEvnenQ-00070-00024914-00025243 sensors to give us is either yes are
+IIuckEvnenQ-00071-00025244-00025546 changing the product I know there is no
+IIuckEvnenQ-00072-00025547-00025657 change in the data
+IIuckEvnenQ-00073-00025658-00025942 so basically one digital values from our
+IIuckEvnenQ-00074-00025943-00026287 sensors it will change in the moment
+IIuckEvnenQ-00075-00026288-00026575 given your one a high right there is no
+IIuckEvnenQ-00076-00026576-00026833 change in them and give you continue
+IIuckEvnenQ-00077-00026833-00027127 reading and you need zeros as per mole
+IIuckEvnenQ-00078-00027127-00027258 so this
+IIuckEvnenQ-00079-00027259-00027516 getting this digital others from their
+IIuckEvnenQ-00080-00027517-00027820 environment you need to have something
+IIuckEvnenQ-00081-00027820-00028083 called a disease and a lot to digital
+IIuckEvnenQ-00082-00028084-00028416 converters a decision basically comes
+IIuckEvnenQ-00083-00028417-00028794 right they have been laid in voltage
+IIuckEvnenQ-00084-00028795-00029136 comparators and other items there are
+IIuckEvnenQ-00085-00029137-00029490 ABC engines so you can use any one of
+IIuckEvnenQ-00086-00029491-00030093 them if you need digital values so what
+IIuckEvnenQ-00087-00030094-00030252 are the different types of sensors that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00088-00030253-00030570 dish we have something called ultrasonic
+IIuckEvnenQ-00089-00030571-00031149 sensor ultrasonic sensor this is and
+IIuckEvnenQ-00090-00031150-00031593 since I preserves itself ultrasound that
+IIuckEvnenQ-00091-00031594-00031980 are the some gifts it's aware the Eco
+IIuckEvnenQ-00092-00031981-00032388 comes back and we get it done another
+IIuckEvnenQ-00093-00032389-00032865 pan of distance this double sonic sensor
+IIuckEvnenQ-00094-00032866-00033126 is the concept of sonars how
+IIuckEvnenQ-00095-00033127-00033438 navigational in G then we have something
+IIuckEvnenQ-00096-00033439-00033936 called IR module iron module basically
+IIuckEvnenQ-00097-00033937-00034464 has two sets one is the IR transmitter
+IIuckEvnenQ-00098-00034465-00034873 and the other is the iron xever aya
+IIuckEvnenQ-00099-00034874-00035514 transmitter since IR infrared it emits
+IIuckEvnenQ-00100-00035515-00035742 infrared and iron receiver we seems very
+IIuckEvnenQ-00101-00035743-00036099 fluid then we have something called HD
+IIuckEvnenQ-00102-00036100-00036429 xx range of sensors this one the least
+IIuckEvnenQ-00103-00036430-00036846 amenity the HDX X can be DC limit as
+IIuckEvnenQ-00104-00036847-00037233 well there are the GC sensors are
+IIuckEvnenQ-00105-00037234-00037488 activity temperature and humidity
+IIuckEvnenQ-00106-00037489-00037729 sensors they need new values in
+IIuckEvnenQ-00107-00037730-00038127 temperature and use then we have
+IIuckEvnenQ-00108-00038128-00038554 something go to flex sensor that the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00109-00038555-00038773 kind of sensor that changes is a
+IIuckEvnenQ-00110-00038774-00039261 resistance its guides basic single kind
+IIuckEvnenQ-00111-00039262-00039535 of a sensor and you can bend it when you
+IIuckEvnenQ-00112-00039536-00040020 bend it it changes its resistance with
+IIuckEvnenQ-00113-00040021-00040348 the fit so that's how it's giving us
+IIuckEvnenQ-00114-00040349-00040641 paddles of resistances in parallel
+IIuckEvnenQ-00115-00040642-00040893 then we have a beautiful body this one
+IIuckEvnenQ-00116-00040894-00041214 is hc-05 this one is for justice
+IIuckEvnenQ-00117-00041215-00041553 communication to make your robots are
+IIuckEvnenQ-00118-00041554-00042153 your things up wellis there is something
+IIuckEvnenQ-00119-00042154-00042410 called a camera module
+IIuckEvnenQ-00120-00042411-00042830 well camera basically
+IIuckEvnenQ-00121-00042831-00043260 Rutte senses first they can be taking
+IIuckEvnenQ-00122-00043261-00043584 pictures but they're not exactly centers
+IIuckEvnenQ-00123-00043585-00043932 but they come senses when were doing
+IIuckEvnenQ-00124-00043933-00044232 applications on computer vision or image
+IIuckEvnenQ-00125-00044233-00044430 processing that time when you're
+IIuckEvnenQ-00126-00044431-00044607 detecting something with the camera
+IIuckEvnenQ-00127-00044608-00044856 module that you need like you oh I
+IIuckEvnenQ-00128-00044857-00045192 didn't become the sensor then we have
+IIuckEvnenQ-00129-00045193-00045408 something called accident which acts
+IIuckEvnenQ-00130-00045409-00045543 limited okay
+IIuckEvnenQ-00131-00045544-00045816 accelerator as a means of simulate you
+IIuckEvnenQ-00132-00045817-00046092 did exact situation but it does not
+IIuckEvnenQ-00133-00046093-00046367 detect acceleration in activity text it
+IIuckEvnenQ-00134-00046368-00046716 if your device is straight or not but
+IIuckEvnenQ-00135-00046717-00046998 it's tilted in some way which means you
+IIuckEvnenQ-00136-00046999-00047445 know when you press that button or go to
+IIuckEvnenQ-00137-00047446-00047673 the landscape mode and you tell you one
+IIuckEvnenQ-00138-00047674-00047919 more for terms of the landscape that is
+IIuckEvnenQ-00139-00047920-00048102 visiting the application of musics
+IIuckEvnenQ-00140-00048103-00048363 remembers did he take the tilt and turn
+IIuckEvnenQ-00141-00048364-00048729 it because work or the the outputs
+IIuckEvnenQ-00142-00048730-00049086 everywhere then we have something we
+IIuckEvnenQ-00143-00049087-00049391 need our videos are most commonly used
+IIuckEvnenQ-00144-00049392-00049749 anywhere lately a clearer 3d mapping of
+IIuckEvnenQ-00145-00049750-00050196 the whole place suppose a recent
+IIuckEvnenQ-00146-00050197-00050457 self-driving cars their organs with ours
+IIuckEvnenQ-00147-00050458-00050745 the sensor that sits on top of the
+IIuckEvnenQ-00148-00050746-00050961 self-driving cars those are basically
+IIuckEvnenQ-00149-00050962-00051486 does its light detection and ranging
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00000-00000008-00000175 oliver solberg looked like he might
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00001-00000176-00000366 stage some kind of challenge but a
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00002-00000367-00000630 broken steering arm in stage 13 forced
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00003-00000631-00001023 the young swede to retire early
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00004-00001024-00001183 oliver solberg at least managed the
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00005-00001184-00001383 consolation of winning the power stage
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00006-00001384-00001566 after the disappointment of retiring the
+IKjmV3LokuQ-00007-00001567-00001883 day before
+IMoOddE11fQ-00000-00000011-00000353 the Puritans were English Protestants in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00001-00000354-00000671 the 16th and 17th centuries who sought
+IMoOddE11fQ-00002-00000672-00000925 to purify the Church of England of Roman
+IMoOddE11fQ-00003-00000926-00001178 Catholic practices maintaining that the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00004-00001179-00001387 Church of England had not been fully
+IMoOddE11fQ-00005-00001388-00001616 reformed and needed to become more
+IMoOddE11fQ-00006-00001617-00001916 Protestant Puritanism played a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00007-00001917-00002173 significant role in English history
+IMoOddE11fQ-00008-00002174-00002491 especially during the Protectorate
+IMoOddE11fQ-00009-00002492-00002752 Puritans were dissatisfied with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00010-00002753-00002930 limited extent of the English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00011-00002931-00003137 Reformation and with the Church of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00012-00003138-00003340 England's toleration of certain
+IMoOddE11fQ-00013-00003342-00003593 practices associated with the Roman
+IMoOddE11fQ-00014-00003594-00003884 Catholic Church they formed and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00015-00003885-00004169 identified with various religious groups
+IMoOddE11fQ-00016-00004170-00004460 advocating greater purity of worship and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00017-00004461-00004685 doctrine as well as personal and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00018-00004686-00005036 corporate piety Puritans adopted a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00019-00005037-00005324 reformed theology and in that sense were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00020-00005325-00005552 Calvinists as were many of their earlier
+IMoOddE11fQ-00021-00005553-00005900 opponents in church polity some
+IMoOddE11fQ-00022-00005901-00006143 advocated separation from all other
+IMoOddE11fQ-00023-00006144-00006416 established Christian denominations in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00024-00006417-00006694 favour of autonomous gathered churches
+IMoOddE11fQ-00025-00006695-00006983 these separatists and independent
+IMoOddE11fQ-00026-00006984-00007234 strands of Puritanism became prominent
+IMoOddE11fQ-00027-00007236-00007567 in the 1640s when the supporters of a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00028-00007568-00007808 Presbyterian polity in the Westminster
+IMoOddE11fQ-00029-00007809-00008078 assembly were unable to forge a new
+IMoOddE11fQ-00030-00008079-00008435 English national church by the late
+IMoOddE11fQ-00031-00008436-00008764 1630s Puritans were in alliance with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00032-00008765-00008966 growing commercial world with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00033-00008967-00009188 parliamentary opposition to the Royal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00034-00009189-00009281 Prerogative
+IMoOddE11fQ-00035-00009282-00009509 and with the Scottish Presbyterians with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00036-00009510-00009745 whom they had much in common
+IMoOddE11fQ-00037-00009746-00009967 consequently they became a major
+IMoOddE11fQ-00038-00009968-00010246 political force in England and came to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00039-00010247-00010484 power as a result of the first English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00040-00010485-00010921 Civil War 1642 to 1646
+IMoOddE11fQ-00041-00010922-00011234 almost all Puritan clergy left the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00042-00011235-00011471 Church of England after the restoration
+IMoOddE11fQ-00043-00011472-00011888 of the monarchy in 1660 and the 1660 to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00044-00011889-00012224 uniformity act many continued to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00045-00012225-00012466 practice their faith in nonconformist
+IMoOddE11fQ-00046-00012467-00012721 denominations especially in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00047-00012722-00012941 Congregationalist and Presbyterian
+IMoOddE11fQ-00048-00012941-00013083 churches
+IMoOddE11fQ-00049-00013084-00013290 the nature of the movement in England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00050-00013291-00013560 changed radically although it retained
+IMoOddE11fQ-00051-00013561-00013788 its character for a much longer period
+IMoOddE11fQ-00052-00013788-00014193 in New England Puritanism was never a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00053-00014194-00014451 formally defined religious division
+IMoOddE11fQ-00054-00014452-00014663 within Protestantism and the term
+IMoOddE11fQ-00055-00014665-00014943 Puritan itself was rarely used after the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00056-00014944-00015315 turn of the 18th century some Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00057-00015316-00015594 ideals including the formal rejection of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00058-00015594-00015879 Roman Catholicism were incorporated into
+IMoOddE11fQ-00059-00015880-00016065 the doctrines of the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00060-00016066-00016296 others were absorbed into the many
+IMoOddE11fQ-00061-00016297-00016580 Protestant denominations that emerged in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00062-00016581-00016902 the late 17th and early 18th centuries
+IMoOddE11fQ-00063-00016903-00017165 in America and Britain the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00064-00017166-00017364 Congregational Church is widely
+IMoOddE11fQ-00065-00017365-00017607 considered to be a part of the reformed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00066-00017608-00017783 tradition are descended from the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00067-00017784-00017908 Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00068-00017909-00018207 moreover Puritan beliefs are enshrined
+IMoOddE11fQ-00069-00018208-00018489 in the Savoy Declaration the confession
+IMoOddE11fQ-00070-00018490-00018725 of faith held by the Congregationalist
+IMoOddE11fQ-00071-00018726-00019325 churches
+IMoOddE11fQ-00072-00019326-00019910 topic terminology
+IMoOddE11fQ-00073-00019911-00020273 in the 17th century the word Puritan was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00074-00020274-00020540 a term applied not to just one group but
+IMoOddE11fQ-00075-00020541-00020855 to many historians still debate a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00076-00020856-00021136 precise definition of Puritanism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00077-00021137-00021457 originally Puritan was a pejorative term
+IMoOddE11fQ-00078-00021458-00021716 characterizing certain Protestant groups
+IMoOddE11fQ-00079-00021717-00022070 as extremists Thomas fuller in his
+IMoOddE11fQ-00080-00022071-00022301 church history dates the first use of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00081-00022302-00022766 the word to 1564 Archbishop Matthew
+IMoOddE11fQ-00082-00022767-00022976 Parker of that time used it and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00083-00022977-00023198 precision with a cent similar to the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00084-00023199-00023540 modern stickler Puritans then were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00085-00023541-00023816 distinguished for being more intensely
+IMoOddE11fQ-00086-00023817-00024029 Protestant than their Protestant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00087-00024030-00024383 neighbors or even the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00088-00024384-00024733 non separating Puritans were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00089-00024734-00024977 dissatisfied with the Reformation of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00090-00024978-00025199 Church of England but remained with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00091-00025200-00025460 net advocating for further reform they
+IMoOddE11fQ-00092-00025461-00025672 disagreed among themselves about how
+IMoOddE11fQ-00093-00025673-00025952 much further reformation was possible or
+IMoOddE11fQ-00094-00025952-00026450 even necessary separatists or separating
+IMoOddE11fQ-00095-00026451-00026543 Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00096-00026544-00026798 thought the Church of England was so
+IMoOddE11fQ-00097-00026799-00026999 corrupt that true Christians should
+IMoOddE11fQ-00098-00027000-00027295 separate from it altogether in its
+IMoOddE11fQ-00099-00027297-00027617 widest historical sense the term Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00100-00027618-00027883 includes both groups Puritans should not
+IMoOddE11fQ-00101-00027885-00028171 be confused with more radical Protestant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00102-00028172-00028489 groups of the 16th and 17th centuries
+IMoOddE11fQ-00103-00028491-00028793 such as Quakers seekers and familis
+IMoOddE11fQ-00104-00028794-00028982 --tz-- who believed that individuals
+IMoOddE11fQ-00105-00028983-00029201 could be directly guided by the holy
+IMoOddE11fQ-00106-00029202-00029531 spirit and prioritized direct revelation
+IMoOddE11fQ-00107-00029532-00029750 over the Bible in current English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00108-00029751-00030118 Puritan often means against pleasure in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00109-00030119-00030496 such usage hedonism and Puritanism are
+IMoOddE11fQ-00110-00030497-00030571 antonyms
+IMoOddE11fQ-00111-00030572-00030958 in fact Puritans embraced sexuality but
+IMoOddE11fQ-00112-00030960-00031207 placed it in the context of marriage
+IMoOddE11fQ-00113-00031208-00031483 Peter gay rights of the Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00114-00031485-00031829 standard reputation for dour prudery
+IMoOddE11fQ-00115-00031830-00032225 as a mess reading that went unquestioned
+IMoOddE11fQ-00116-00032226-00032570 in the 19th century commenting how
+IMoOddE11fQ-00117-00032570-00032801 unpure a tentacle they were in favor of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00118-00032802-00033101 married sexuality and in opposition to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00119-00033102-00033308 the catholic veneration of virginity
+IMoOddE11fQ-00120-00033309-00033715 citing Edward Taylor and John cotton one
+IMoOddE11fQ-00121-00033716-00033931 Puritan settlement in western
+IMoOddE11fQ-00122-00033932-00034184 Massachusetts banished a husband because
+IMoOddE11fQ-00123-00034185-00034460 he refused to fulfill his sexual duties
+IMoOddE11fQ-00124-00034461-00034654 to his wife
+IMoOddE11fQ-00125-00034655-00034921 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00126-00034922-00035085 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00127-00035086-00035633 topic history
+IMoOddE11fQ-00128-00035634-00035949 Puritan ISM has a historical importance
+IMoOddE11fQ-00129-00035950-00036219 over a period of a century followed by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00130-00036220-00036494 50 years of development in New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00131-00036495-00036867 it changed character and emphasis almost
+IMoOddE11fQ-00132-00036868-00037609 decade by decade over that time
+IMoOddE11fQ-00133-00037610-00038305 topic Elizabethan Puritanism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00134-00038306-00038579 elizabethan Puritanism contended with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00135-00038580-00038804 the Elizebeth and religious settlement
+IMoOddE11fQ-00136-00038805-00039131 with little to show for it the Lambeth
+IMoOddE11fQ-00137-00039132-00039493 articles of 1595 a high watermark for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00138-00039494-00039740 Calvinism within the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00139-00039741-00040456 failed to receive royal approval
+IMoOddE11fQ-00140-00040457-00041086 topic Jacobi in Puritanism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00141-00041087-00041371 the accession of James the first to the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00142-00041372-00041573 English throne brought the millinery
+IMoOddE11fQ-00143-00041574-00041998 petition a Puritan manifesto of 1603 for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00144-00041999-00042232 reform of the English church but James
+IMoOddE11fQ-00145-00042233-00042454 wanted a religious settlement along
+IMoOddE11fQ-00146-00042455-00042776 different lines he called the Hampton
+IMoOddE11fQ-00147-00042777-00043105 Court conference in 1604 and heard the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00148-00043106-00043339 teachings of four prominent Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00149-00043340-00043576 leaders including Lawrence Chatterton
+IMoOddE11fQ-00150-00043577-00043939 but largely sided with his bishops he
+IMoOddE11fQ-00151-00043940-00044179 was well informed on theological matters
+IMoOddE11fQ-00152-00044180-00044473 by his education and Scottish upbringing
+IMoOddE11fQ-00153-00044474-00044701 and he dealt shortly with the peevish
+IMoOddE11fQ-00154-00044702-00044971 legacy of Elizabethan Puritanism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00155-00044972-00045262 pursuing an ironic religious policy in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00156-00045263-00045494 which he was arbiter
+IMoOddE11fQ-00157-00045495-00045815 many of James's Episcopal appointments
+IMoOddE11fQ-00158-00045816-00046115 were Calvinists notably James Montague
+IMoOddE11fQ-00159-00046116-00046487 who is an influential courtier Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00160-00046488-00046724 still opposed much of the Roman Catholic
+IMoOddE11fQ-00161-00046725-00046970 summation in the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00162-00046971-00047216 notably the Book of Common Prayer but
+IMoOddE11fQ-00163-00047217-00047504 also the use of non secular vestments
+IMoOddE11fQ-00164-00047505-00047813 cap and gown during services the sign of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00165-00047814-00048044 the Cross in baptism and kneeling to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00166-00048045-00048350 receive Holy Communion some of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00167-00048351-00048605 bishops under both Elizabeth and James
+IMoOddE11fQ-00168-00048606-00048851 tried to suppress Puritanism though
+IMoOddE11fQ-00169-00048852-00049082 other bishops were more tolerant and in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00170-00049083-00049373 many places individual ministers were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00171-00049374-00049625 able to omit disliked portions of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00172-00049626-00049858 Book of Common Prayer
+IMoOddE11fQ-00173-00049859-00050143 the Puritan movement of Jacobean times
+IMoOddE11fQ-00174-00050144-00050420 became distinctive by adaptation and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00175-00050421-00050719 compromise with the emergence of semi
+IMoOddE11fQ-00176-00050720-00051139 separatism moderate Puritanism the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00177-00051140-00051418 writings of William Bradshaw who adopted
+IMoOddE11fQ-00178-00051419-00051763 the term Puritan for himself and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00179-00051764-00052045 beginnings of Congregationalism most
+IMoOddE11fQ-00180-00052046-00052269 Puritans of this period were non
+IMoOddE11fQ-00181-00052270-00052487 separating and remained within the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00182-00052488-00052741 Church of England separatists who left
+IMoOddE11fQ-00183-00052742-00052961 the Church of England altogether were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00184-00052962-00053632 numerically much fewer
+IMoOddE11fQ-00185-00053633-00053979 topic fragmentation and political
+IMoOddE11fQ-00186-00053980-00054365 failure
+IMoOddE11fQ-00187-00054366-00054623 the Puritan movement in England was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00188-00054624-00054884 riven over decades by emigration and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00189-00054885-00055100 inconsistent interpretations of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00190-00055101-00055337 Scripture as well as some political
+IMoOddE11fQ-00191-00055338-00055703 differences that surfaced at that time v
+IMoOddE11fQ-00192-00055704-00056015 monarchy men a radical millenarian wing
+IMoOddE11fQ-00193-00056016-00056324 of Puritanism aided by strident popular
+IMoOddE11fQ-00194-00056325-00056629 clergy like vavasour powell agitated
+IMoOddE11fQ-00195-00056630-00056810 from the right wing of the movement even
+IMoOddE11fQ-00196-00056811-00057067 as sectarian groups like the ranters
+IMoOddE11fQ-00197-00057069-00057308 Levellers and Quakers pulled from the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00198-00057309-00057638 left the fragmentation created a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00199-00057639-00057851 collapse of the center and ultimately
+IMoOddE11fQ-00200-00057852-00058097 sealed a political failure while
+IMoOddE11fQ-00201-00058098-00058391 depositing an enduring spiritual legacy
+IMoOddE11fQ-00202-00058391-00058553 that would remain and grow in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00203-00058554-00058787 english-speaking Christianity the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00204-00058788-00059137 Westminster assembly was called in 1643
+IMoOddE11fQ-00205-00059138-00059351 assembling clergy of the Church of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00206-00059352-00059708 England the Assembly was able to agree
+IMoOddE11fQ-00207-00059709-00059935 to the Westminster Confession of faith
+IMoOddE11fQ-00208-00059936-00060200 doctrinally a consistent reformed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00209-00060201-00060545 theological position the directory of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00210-00060546-00060923 public worship was made official in 1645
+IMoOddE11fQ-00211-00060924-00061175 and the larger framework now called the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00212-00061176-00061427 Westminster standards was adopted by the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00213-00061428-00061754 Church of Scotland in England the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00214-00061754-00062017 standards were contested by independence
+IMoOddE11fQ-00215-00062019-00062363 up to 1660 the Westminster Divine's on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00216-00062364-00062582 the other hand were divided over
+IMoOddE11fQ-00217-00062583-00062828 questions of church polity and split
+IMoOddE11fQ-00218-00062829-00063050 into factions supporting a reformed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00219-00063051-00063334 Episcopacy Presbyterianism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00220-00063335-00063578 Congregationalism and harassed Ian ISM
+IMoOddE11fQ-00221-00063579-00063872 the membership of the assembly was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00222-00063873-00064030 heavily weighted towards the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00223-00064032-00064319 Presbyterians but Oliver Cromwell was a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00224-00064320-00064528 Puritan and an independent
+IMoOddE11fQ-00225-00064529-00064766 Congregationalist separatist who imposed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00226-00064766-00065060 his doctrines upon them the Church of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00227-00065061-00065284 England of the interregnum
+IMoOddE11fQ-00228-00065285-00065663 1649 260 was run along Presbyterian
+IMoOddE11fQ-00229-00065664-00065908 lines but never became a National
+IMoOddE11fQ-00230-00065909-00066197 Presbyterian Church such as existed in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00231-00066198-00066404 Scotland and England was not the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00232-00066405-00066659 theocratic state which leading Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00233-00066660-00066779 had called for us
+IMoOddE11fQ-00234-00066780-00067074 godly rule
+IMoOddE11fQ-00235-00067075-00067416 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00236-00067417-00068081 topic great ejection and dissenters
+IMoOddE11fQ-00237-00068082-00068351 at the time of the English restoration
+IMoOddE11fQ-00238-00068352-00068699 in 1660 the Savoy conference was called
+IMoOddE11fQ-00239-00068700-00068918 to determine a new religious settlement
+IMoOddE11fQ-00240-00068919-00069272 for England and Wales under the act of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00241-00069273-00069641 uniformity 1660 to the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00242-00069642-00069883 was restored to its pre Civil War
+IMoOddE11fQ-00243-00069884-00070157 Constitution with only minor changes and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00244-00070158-00070415 the Puritans found themselves sidelined
+IMoOddE11fQ-00245-00070416-00070760 a traditional estimate of historian
+IMoOddE11fQ-00246-00070761-00071123 calamy as that around 2400 Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00247-00071124-00071381 clergy left the church in the great
+IMoOddE11fQ-00248-00071382-00071843 ejection of 1660 - at this point the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00249-00071844-00072290 term dissenter came to include Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00250-00072291-00072563 but more accurately described those
+IMoOddE11fQ-00251-00072564-00072973 clergy Orlais who dissented from the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00252-00072974-00073262 1662 Book of Common Prayer the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00253-00073263-00073499 dissenters divided themselves from all
+IMoOddE11fQ-00254-00073500-00073727 Christians in the Church of England and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00255-00073728-00073916 established their own separatist
+IMoOddE11fQ-00256-00073917-00074434 congregations in the 1660s and 1670s an
+IMoOddE11fQ-00257-00074435-00074849 estimated 1,800 of the ejected clergy
+IMoOddE11fQ-00258-00074850-00075107 continued in some fashion as ministers
+IMoOddE11fQ-00259-00075108-00075394 of religion according to Richard Baxter
+IMoOddE11fQ-00260-00075395-00075698 the government initially attempted to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00261-00075699-00075956 suppress these schismatics organisations
+IMoOddE11fQ-00262-00075957-00076259 by using the Clarendon code there
+IMoOddE11fQ-00263-00076260-00076513 followed a period in which schemes of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00264-00076514-00076867 comprehension were proposed under which
+IMoOddE11fQ-00265-00076868-00077108 Presbyterians could be brought back into
+IMoOddE11fQ-00266-00077109-00077309 the Church of England but nothing
+IMoOddE11fQ-00267-00077310-00077633 resulted from them the Whigs opposed the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00268-00077634-00077894 court religious policies and argued that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00269-00077895-00078071 the dissenters should be allowed to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00270-00078072-00078323 worship separately from the established
+IMoOddE11fQ-00271-00078324-00078548 Church and this position ultimately
+IMoOddE11fQ-00272-00078549-00078800 prevailed when the Toleration Act was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00273-00078801-00078995 passed in the wake of the Glorious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00274-00078996-00079415 Revolution in 1689 this permitted the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00275-00079416-00079661 licensing of dissenting ministers in the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00276-00079662-00080017 building of chapels the term
+IMoOddE11fQ-00277-00080018-00080336 nonconformist generally replaced the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00278-00080337-00080666 term dissenter from the middle of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00279-00080667-00081261 18th century
+IMoOddE11fQ-00280-00081262-00081903 topic Puritans in North America
+IMoOddE11fQ-00281-00081904-00082163 some Puritans left for New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00282-00082164-00082512 particularly in the years after 1630
+IMoOddE11fQ-00283-00082513-00082680 supporting the founding of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00284-00082681-00082911 Massachusetts Bay Colony and other
+IMoOddE11fQ-00285-00082912-00083159 settlements among the northern colonies
+IMoOddE11fQ-00286-00083160-00083511 the large-scale pure dan immigration to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00287-00083512-00083823 New England ceased by 1640 one with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00288-00083824-00084108 around 21,000 having moved across the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00289-00084109-00084420 Atlantic this english-speaking
+IMoOddE11fQ-00290-00084421-00084681 population in America did not all
+IMoOddE11fQ-00291-00084682-00084978 consist of original colonists since many
+IMoOddE11fQ-00292-00084979-00085200 returned to England shortly after
+IMoOddE11fQ-00293-00085201-00085383 arriving on the continent but it
+IMoOddE11fQ-00294-00085384-00085581 produced more than 16 million
+IMoOddE11fQ-00295-00085582-00085944 descendants this so-called great
+IMoOddE11fQ-00296-00085945-00086256 migration is not so named because of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00297-00086257-00086505 sheer numbers which were much less than
+IMoOddE11fQ-00298-00086506-00086700 the number of English citizens who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00299-00086701-00086940 emigrated to Virginia and the Caribbean
+IMoOddE11fQ-00300-00086941-00087258 during this time the rapid growth of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00301-00087259-00087647 New England colonies around 700,000 by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00302-00087648-00087984 1790 was almost entirely due to the high
+IMoOddE11fQ-00303-00087985-00088245 birth rate and lower death rate per year
+IMoOddE11fQ-00304-00088246-00088521 Puritan hegemony lasted for at least a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00305-00088522-00088878 century that century can be broken down
+IMoOddE11fQ-00306-00088879-00089169 into three parts the generation of John
+IMoOddE11fQ-00307-00089170-00089562 cotton and Richard Mather 1630 to 62
+IMoOddE11fQ-00308-00089563-00089745 from the founding to the restoration
+IMoOddE11fQ-00309-00089746-00090042 years of virtual independence and nearly
+IMoOddE11fQ-00310-00090043-00090333 autonomous development the generation of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00311-00090334-00090753 increase Mather 1660 to 289 from the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00312-00090754-00090999 restoration in the half-way covenant to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00313-00091000-00091218 the Glorious Revolution years of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00314-00091219-00091440 struggle with the British crown and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00315-00091441-00091935 generation of Cotton Mather 1689 217 28
+IMoOddE11fQ-00316-00091936-00092193 from the overthrow of Edmund Andros in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00317-00092194-00092454 which Cotton Mather played a part in the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00318-00092455-00092706 new charter mediated by increased Mather
+IMoOddE11fQ-00319-00092707-00093003 to the death of Cotton Mather
+IMoOddE11fQ-00320-00093004-00093437 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00321-00093438-00093991 topic beliefs
+IMoOddE11fQ-00322-00093992-00094329 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00323-00094330-00094863 topic Calvinism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00324-00094864-00095197 Puritan ISM broadly refers to a diverse
+IMoOddE11fQ-00325-00095198-00095425 religious reform movement in Britain
+IMoOddE11fQ-00326-00095426-00095665 committed to the Continental reformed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00327-00095666-00096004 tradition while Puritans did not agree
+IMoOddE11fQ-00328-00096005-00096253 on all doctrinal points most shared
+IMoOddE11fQ-00329-00096254-00096529 similar views on the nature of God human
+IMoOddE11fQ-00330-00096530-00096775 sinfulness and the relationship between
+IMoOddE11fQ-00331-00096776-00097135 God and mankind they believed that all
+IMoOddE11fQ-00332-00097136-00097345 of their beliefs should be based on the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00333-00097346-00097543 Bible which they considered to be
+IMoOddE11fQ-00334-00097544-00097795 divinely inspired the concept of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00335-00097796-00098020 covenant was extremely important to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00336-00098021-00098275 Puritans and covenant theology was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00337-00098276-00098599 central to their beliefs with roots in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00338-00098600-00098833 the writings of reformed theologians
+IMoOddE11fQ-00339-00098834-00099061 John Calvin and Heinrich Bullinger
+IMoOddE11fQ-00340-00099062-00099358 covenant theology was further developed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00341-00099359-00099625 by Puritan theologians Dudley Fenner
+IMoOddE11fQ-00342-00099626-00099943 William Perkins John Preston Richard
+IMoOddE11fQ-00343-00099944-00100231 sibs William Ames and most fully by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00344-00100232-00100587 Ames's Dutch student Johannes Caxias
+IMoOddE11fQ-00345-00100588-00100897 covenant theology asserts that when God
+IMoOddE11fQ-00346-00100898-00101155 created Adam and Eve he promised them
+IMoOddE11fQ-00347-00101156-00101389 eternal life in return for perfect
+IMoOddE11fQ-00348-00101390-00101635 obedience this promise was termed the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00349-00101636-00101980 Covenant of works after the fall of man
+IMoOddE11fQ-00350-00101981-00102274 human nature was corrupted by original
+IMoOddE11fQ-00351-00102275-00102523 sin and unable to fulfill the Covenant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00352-00102524-00102761 of works since each person inevitably
+IMoOddE11fQ-00353-00102763-00103054 violated God's law as expressed in the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00354-00103055-00103450 Ten Commandments as sinners every person
+IMoOddE11fQ-00355-00103451-00103729 deserved damnation Puritans shared with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00356-00103730-00103951 other Calvinists a belief in double
+IMoOddE11fQ-00357-00103952-00104194 predestination that some people the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00358-00104195-00104433 elect were destined by God to receive
+IMoOddE11fQ-00359-00104434-00104671 grace and salvation while others were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00360-00104672-00105031 destined for hell no one however could
+IMoOddE11fQ-00361-00105032-00105328 merit salvation according to covenant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00362-00105329-00105592 theology Christ's sacrifice on the cross
+IMoOddE11fQ-00363-00105593-00105892 made possible the covenant of grace by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00364-00105893-00106117 which those selected by God could be
+IMoOddE11fQ-00365-00106118-00106501 saved Puritans believed in unconditional
+IMoOddE11fQ-00366-00106502-00106825 election and irresistible grace God's
+IMoOddE11fQ-00367-00106826-00107092 grace was given freely without condition
+IMoOddE11fQ-00368-00107093-00107433 to the elect and could not be refused
+IMoOddE11fQ-00369-00107433-00107834 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00370-00107835-00108357 topic conversion
+IMoOddE11fQ-00371-00108358-00108650 covenant theology made individual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00372-00108651-00108957 salvation deeply personal it held that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00373-00108958-00109313 God's predestination was not impersonal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00374-00109314-00109664 and mechanical but was a covenant of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00375-00109665-00109968 grace that one entered into by faith
+IMoOddE11fQ-00376-00109969-00110247 therefore being a Christian could never
+IMoOddE11fQ-00377-00110248-00110531 be reduced to simple intellectual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00378-00110532-00110777 acknowledgement of the truth of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00379-00110778-00111134 Christianity Puritans agreed that the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00380-00111135-00111410 effectual call of each elect Saint of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00381-00111411-00111704 God would always come as an individual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00382-00111705-00112075 personal encounter with God's promises
+IMoOddE11fQ-00383-00112076-00112376 the process by which the elect are
+IMoOddE11fQ-00384-00112377-00112581 brought from spiritual death to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00385-00112582-00112838 spiritual life regeneration was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00386-00112839-00113145 described as conversion early on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00387-00113146-00113421 Puritans did not consider a specific
+IMoOddE11fQ-00388-00113422-00113654 conversion experience normative or
+IMoOddE11fQ-00389-00113655-00113922 necessary but many gained assurance of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00390-00113923-00114287 salvation from such experiences over
+IMoOddE11fQ-00391-00114288-00114560 time however Puritan theologians
+IMoOddE11fQ-00392-00114561-00114785 developed a framework for authentic
+IMoOddE11fQ-00393-00114786-00115022 religious experience based on their own
+IMoOddE11fQ-00394-00115023-00115253 experiences as well as those of their
+IMoOddE11fQ-00395-00115254-00115644 parishioners eventually Puritans came to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00396-00115645-00115913 regard a specific conversion experience
+IMoOddE11fQ-00397-00115914-00116157 as an essential mark of one's election
+IMoOddE11fQ-00398-00116158-00116411 the Puritan conversion experience was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00399-00116412-00116631 commonly described as occurring in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00400-00116632-00116927 discrete phases it began with a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00401-00116928-00117179 preparatory phase designed to produce
+IMoOddE11fQ-00402-00117180-00117407 contrition for sin through introspection
+IMoOddE11fQ-00403-00117408-00117719 Bible study and listening to preaching
+IMoOddE11fQ-00404-00117720-00118058 this was followed by humiliation when
+IMoOddE11fQ-00405-00118059-00118281 the sinner realized that he or she was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00406-00118282-00118523 helpless to break free from sin and that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00407-00118524-00118679 their good works could never earn
+IMoOddE11fQ-00408-00118680-00118765 forgiveness
+IMoOddE11fQ-00409-00118766-00119129 it was after reaching this point the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00410-00119130-00119414 realization that salvation was possible
+IMoOddE11fQ-00411-00119415-00119726 only because of divine mercy that the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00412-00119727-00119987 person would experience justification
+IMoOddE11fQ-00413-00119988-00120191 when the righteousness of Christ has
+IMoOddE11fQ-00414-00120192-00120420 imputed to the elect and their minds and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00415-00120421-00120752 hearts are regenerated for some Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00416-00120753-00121016 this was a dramatic experience and they
+IMoOddE11fQ-00417-00121017-00121204 referred to it as being born again
+IMoOddE11fQ-00418-00121205-00121454 confirming that such a conversion had
+IMoOddE11fQ-00419-00121455-00121740 actually happened often required prolong
+IMoOddE11fQ-00420-00121741-00122094 than continual introspection historian
+IMoOddE11fQ-00421-00122095-00122348 Perry Miller wrote that the Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00422-00122349-00122621 liberated men from the treadmill of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00423-00122622-00122933 indulgences and penances but cast them
+IMoOddE11fQ-00424-00122934-00123277 on the iron couch of introspection
+IMoOddE11fQ-00425-00123278-00123565 it was expected that conversion would be
+IMoOddE11fQ-00426-00123566-00123834 followed by sanctification the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00427-00123835-00124120 progressive growth in the Saints ability
+IMoOddE11fQ-00428-00124121-00124383 to better perceive and seek God's will
+IMoOddE11fQ-00429-00124384-00124795 and thus to lead a holy life some
+IMoOddE11fQ-00430-00124796-00125047 Puritans attempted to find assurance of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00431-00125048-00125290 their faith by keeping detailed records
+IMoOddE11fQ-00432-00125291-00125494 of their behavior and looking for the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00433-00125495-00125783 evidence of salvation in their lives
+IMoOddE11fQ-00434-00125784-00126088 Puritan clergy wrote many spiritual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00435-00126089-00126331 guides to help their parishioners pursue
+IMoOddE11fQ-00436-00126332-00126606 personal piety and sanctification
+IMoOddE11fQ-00437-00126607-00126922 these included arthur dense the plain
+IMoOddE11fQ-00438-00126923-00127291 man's pathway to heaven 1601 richard
+IMoOddE11fQ-00439-00127292-00127678 rogers seven treatises 1603 henry
+IMoOddE11fQ-00440-00127679-00128047 Scudders christians daily walk 16:27
+IMoOddE11fQ-00441-00128048-00128283 and richard sibylla's the bruised reed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00442-00128284-00128689 and smoking flax 1632 much emphasis on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00443-00128690-00128953 one's good works could be criticized for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00444-00128954-00129208 being too close to Arminianism and too
+IMoOddE11fQ-00445-00129208-00129457 much emphasis on subjective religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00446-00129458-00129676 experience could be criticized as
+IMoOddE11fQ-00447-00129677-00130035 antinomianism many Puritans relied on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00448-00130036-00130335 both personal religious experience and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00449-00130336-00130560 self-examination to assess their
+IMoOddE11fQ-00450-00130561-00130804 spiritual condition Puritanism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00451-00130805-00131089 experiential piety would be inherited by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00452-00131090-00131374 the evangelical Protestants of the 18th
+IMoOddE11fQ-00453-00131375-00131728 century while evangelical views on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00454-00131729-00131953 conversion were heavily influenced by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00455-00131954-00132250 Puritan theology the Puritans believed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00456-00132251-00132568 that assurance of one salvation was rare
+IMoOddE11fQ-00457-00132569-00132817 late and the fruit of struggle in the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00458-00132818-00133100 experience of believers
+IMoOddE11fQ-00459-00133101-00133364 whereas evangelicals believed that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00460-00133365-00133586 assurance was normative for all that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00461-00133587-00134193 truly converted
+IMoOddE11fQ-00462-00134194-00134817 topic worship and sacraments
+IMoOddE11fQ-00463-00134818-00135126 the sermon was central to Puritan public
+IMoOddE11fQ-00464-00135127-00135423 worship the sermon was not only a means
+IMoOddE11fQ-00465-00135424-00135732 of religious education Puritans believed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00466-00135733-00135951 it was the most common way that God
+IMoOddE11fQ-00467-00135952-00136247 prepared a sinner's heart for conversion
+IMoOddE11fQ-00468-00136248-00136560 Puritans eliminated choral music and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00469-00136561-00136788 musical instruments in their religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00470-00136789-00137046 services because these were associated
+IMoOddE11fQ-00471-00137047-00137229 with Roman Catholicism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00472-00137230-00137442 however settings of the Psalms were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00473-00137443-00137775 considered appropriate church organs
+IMoOddE11fQ-00474-00137776-00138024 were commonly damaged or destroyed in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00475-00138025-00138285 the civil war period such as when an axe
+IMoOddE11fQ-00476-00138286-00138495 was taken to the organ of Worcester
+IMoOddE11fQ-00477-00138496-00138945 Cathedral in 1642 Puritans taught that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00478-00138946-00139191 there were two sacraments baptism and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00479-00139192-00139308 the Lord's Supper
+IMoOddE11fQ-00480-00139309-00139581 they rejected confirmation as
+IMoOddE11fQ-00481-00139582-00139863 unnecessary Puritans unanimously
+IMoOddE11fQ-00482-00139864-00140133 rejected the Roman Catholic doctrine of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00483-00140134-00140355 baptismal regeneration but they
+IMoOddE11fQ-00484-00140356-00140550 disagreed among themselves on the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00485-00140551-00140787 effects of baptism and its relationship
+IMoOddE11fQ-00486-00140788-00141183 to regeneration most Puritans practiced
+IMoOddE11fQ-00487-00141184-00141480 infant baptism but a minority held credo
+IMoOddE11fQ-00488-00141481-00141816 Baptist beliefs those who baptized
+IMoOddE11fQ-00489-00141817-00142041 infants understood it through the lens
+IMoOddE11fQ-00490-00142042-00142287 of covenant theology believing that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00491-00142288-00142554 baptism had replaced circumcision as a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00492-00142555-00142749 sign of the Covenant and marked a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00493-00142750-00142953 child's admission into the visible
+IMoOddE11fQ-00494-00142954-00143363 Church in a discourse on the nature of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00495-00143364-00143685 regeneration Stephen Charnock
+IMoOddE11fQ-00496-00143686-00143994 distinguished regeneration from external
+IMoOddE11fQ-00497-00143995-00144411 baptism writing that baptism confers not
+IMoOddE11fQ-00498-00144412-00144744 grace but rather as a means of conveying
+IMoOddE11fQ-00499-00144745-00145053 the grace of regeneration only when the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00500-00145054-00145347 Holy Spirit is pleased to operate with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00501-00145348-00145474 it
+IMoOddE11fQ-00502-00145475-00145790 therefore one cannot assume that baptism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00503-00145791-00146126 produces regeneration the Westminster
+IMoOddE11fQ-00504-00146127-00146321 Confession states that the grace of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00505-00146322-00146603 baptism is only effective for those who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00506-00146604-00146873 are among the elect however its effects
+IMoOddE11fQ-00507-00146874-00147053 are not tied to the moment of baptism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00508-00147054-00147383 but lies dormant until one experiences
+IMoOddE11fQ-00509-00147384-00147572 conversion later in life
+IMoOddE11fQ-00510-00147573-00147851 Puritans rejected both Roman Catholic
+IMoOddE11fQ-00511-00147852-00148109 transubstantiation and Lutheran
+IMoOddE11fQ-00512-00148110-00148382 sacramental union teachings that Christ
+IMoOddE11fQ-00513-00148383-00148595 is physically present in the bread and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00514-00148596-00148922 wine of the Lord's Supper instead
+IMoOddE11fQ-00515-00148923-00149195 Puritans embraced the reformed doctrine
+IMoOddE11fQ-00516-00149196-00149456 of real spiritual presence believing
+IMoOddE11fQ-00517-00149457-00149654 that in the Lord's Supper the faithful
+IMoOddE11fQ-00518-00149655-00150005 received Christ spiritually in agreement
+IMoOddE11fQ-00519-00150006-00150245 with Thomas Cranmer the Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00520-00150246-00150569 stressed that Christ comes down to us in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00521-00150570-00150815 the sacrament by his word and spirit
+IMoOddE11fQ-00522-00150816-00151142 offering himself as our spiritual food
+IMoOddE11fQ-00523-00151143-00151784 and drink
+IMoOddE11fQ-00524-00151785-00152366 topic ecclesiology
+IMoOddE11fQ-00525-00152367-00152633 while the Puritans were united in their
+IMoOddE11fQ-00526-00152634-00152801 goal of furthering the English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00527-00152802-00152903 Reformation
+IMoOddE11fQ-00528-00152904-00153152 they were always divided over issues of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00529-00153153-00153400 ecclesiology and church polity
+IMoOddE11fQ-00530-00153401-00153653 specifically questions relating to the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00531-00153654-00153938 manner of organizing congregations how
+IMoOddE11fQ-00532-00153939-00154190 individual congregations should relate
+IMoOddE11fQ-00533-00154191-00154415 with one another and whether established
+IMoOddE11fQ-00534-00154416-00154660 national churches were scriptural on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00535-00154661-00154844 these questions
+IMoOddE11fQ-00536-00154845-00155096 Puritans divided between supporters of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00537-00155097-00155446 Episcopal polity Presbyterian polity and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00538-00155447-00155703 Congregational polity
+IMoOddE11fQ-00539-00155704-00155991 the Episcopalians known as the prelate
+IMoOddE11fQ-00540-00155992-00156219 ickle party were conservatives who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00541-00156220-00156450 supported retaining bishops if those
+IMoOddE11fQ-00542-00156451-00156696 leaders supported reform and agreed to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00543-00156697-00157029 share power with local churches they
+IMoOddE11fQ-00544-00157030-00157311 also supported the idea of having a Book
+IMoOddE11fQ-00545-00157312-00157527 of Common Prayer but they were against
+IMoOddE11fQ-00546-00157528-00157782 demanding strict conformity or having
+IMoOddE11fQ-00547-00157783-00158118 too much ceremony in addition these
+IMoOddE11fQ-00548-00158119-00158337 Puritans called for a renewal of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00549-00158338-00158601 preaching pastoral care and Christian
+IMoOddE11fQ-00550-00158602-00158817 discipline within the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00551-00158818-00159065 like the Episcopalians the Presbyterians
+IMoOddE11fQ-00552-00159066-00159318 agreed that there should be a national
+IMoOddE11fQ-00553-00159319-00159552 church but one structured on the model
+IMoOddE11fQ-00554-00159553-00159867 of the Church of Scotland they wanted to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00555-00159868-00160086 replace bishops with a system of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00556-00160087-00160314 elective and representative governing
+IMoOddE11fQ-00557-00160315-00160581 bodies of clergy and laity local
+IMoOddE11fQ-00558-00160582-00160848 sessions presbyteries synods and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00559-00160849-00161162 ultimately a National General Assembly
+IMoOddE11fQ-00560-00161163-00161436 during the interregnum the Presbyterians
+IMoOddE11fQ-00561-00161437-00161775 had limited success at reorganizing the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00562-00161776-00162075 Church of England the Westminster
+IMoOddE11fQ-00563-00162076-00162315 assembly proposed the creation of a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00564-00162316-00162543 Presbyterian system but the Long
+IMoOddE11fQ-00565-00162544-00162816 Parliament left implementation to local
+IMoOddE11fQ-00566-00162817-00163143 authorities as a result the Church of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00567-00163144-00163382 England never developed a complete
+IMoOddE11fQ-00568-00163383-00163631 Presbyterian hierarchy
+IMoOddE11fQ-00569-00163632-00163839 Congregationalists or independence
+IMoOddE11fQ-00570-00163840-00164079 believed in the autonomy of the local
+IMoOddE11fQ-00571-00164080-00164256 church which ideally would be a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00572-00164257-00164634 congregation of visible saints meaning
+IMoOddE11fQ-00573-00164635-00164862 those who had experienced conversion
+IMoOddE11fQ-00574-00164863-00165153 members would be required to abide by a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00575-00165154-00165447 church covenant in which they pledged to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00576-00165448-00165738 join in the proper worship of God and to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00577-00165739-00165960 nourish each other in the search for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00578-00165961-00166218 further religious truth
+IMoOddE11fQ-00579-00166219-00166515 such churches were regarded as complete
+IMoOddE11fQ-00580-00166516-00166755 within themselves with full authority to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00581-00166756-00166922 determine their own membership
+IMoOddE11fQ-00582-00166923-00167160 administer their own discipline and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00583-00167161-00167472 ordain their own ministers furthermore
+IMoOddE11fQ-00584-00167473-00167652 the sacraments would only be
+IMoOddE11fQ-00585-00167653-00167841 administered to those in the church
+IMoOddE11fQ-00586-00167842-00168123 covenant most congregational Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00587-00168124-00168324 remained within the Church of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00588-00168325-00168546 hoping to reform it according to their
+IMoOddE11fQ-00589-00168547-00168854 own views the New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00590-00168855-00169074 Congregationalists were also adamant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00591-00169075-00169260 that they were not separating from the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00592-00169261-00169632 Church of England however some Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00593-00169633-00169851 equated the Church of England with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00594-00169852-00170070 Roman Catholic Church and therefore
+IMoOddE11fQ-00595-00170071-00170345 considered at no Christian church at all
+IMoOddE11fQ-00596-00170346-00170685 these groups such as the brownest would
+IMoOddE11fQ-00597-00170686-00170907 split from the established church and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00598-00170908-00171209 become known as separatists other
+IMoOddE11fQ-00599-00171210-00171456 separatists embraced more radical
+IMoOddE11fQ-00600-00171457-00171708 positions on separation of church and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00601-00171709-00171969 state and believers baptism be coming
+IMoOddE11fQ-00602-00171970-00172603 early Baptists
+IMoOddE11fQ-00603-00172604-00173157 topic family life
+IMoOddE11fQ-00604-00173158-00173472 based on biblical portrayals of Adam and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00605-00173473-00173733 Eve Puritans believed that marriage was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00606-00173734-00174021 rooted in procreation love and most
+IMoOddE11fQ-00607-00174022-00174396 importantly salvation husbands were the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00608-00174397-00174641 spiritual heads of the household while
+IMoOddE11fQ-00609-00174642-00174860 women were to demonstrate religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00610-00174861-00175208 piety and obedience under male authority
+IMoOddE11fQ-00611-00175209-00175490 furthermore marriage represented not
+IMoOddE11fQ-00612-00175491-00175739 only the relationship between husband
+IMoOddE11fQ-00613-00175740-00175976 and wife but also the relationship
+IMoOddE11fQ-00614-00175977-00176375 between spouses and God Puritan husbands
+IMoOddE11fQ-00615-00176376-00176588 commanded authority through family
+IMoOddE11fQ-00616-00176589-00176837 direction and prayer the female
+IMoOddE11fQ-00617-00176838-00177084 relationship to her husband and to God
+IMoOddE11fQ-00618-00177085-00177297 was marked by submissiveness and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00619-00177298-00177365 humility
+IMoOddE11fQ-00620-00177366-00177629 Thomas gatok er describes Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00621-00177630-00178052 marriages together for a time as Co
+IMoOddE11fQ-00622-00178053-00178265 partners in grace here that they may
+IMoOddE11fQ-00623-00178266-00178511 reign together forever as Co hires in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00624-00178512-00178719 glory Hereafter
+IMoOddE11fQ-00625-00178720-00178992 the paradox created by female
+IMoOddE11fQ-00626-00178993-00179271 inferiority in the public sphere and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00627-00179272-00179544 spiritual equality of men and women in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00628-00179545-00179802 marriage then gave way to the informal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00629-00179803-00180051 authority of women concerning matters of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00630-00180052-00180321 the home and child-rearing with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00631-00180322-00180558 consent of their husbands wives made
+IMoOddE11fQ-00632-00180559-00180777 important decisions concerning the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00633-00180778-00181008 labour of their children property and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00634-00181009-00181245 the management of Inns and taverns owned
+IMoOddE11fQ-00635-00181246-00181596 by their husbands pious Puritan mothers
+IMoOddE11fQ-00636-00181597-00181749 laboured for their children's
+IMoOddE11fQ-00637-00181750-00182010 righteousness and salvation connecting
+IMoOddE11fQ-00638-00182011-00182250 women directly to matters of religion
+IMoOddE11fQ-00639-00182251-00182600 and morality in her poem titled in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00640-00182601-00182955 reference to her children poet and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00641-00182956-00183183 Bradstreet reflects on her role as a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00642-00183184-00183564 mother I had eight Birds hatched in one
+IMoOddE11fQ-00643-00183565-00183825 nest four there were and hens the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00644-00183826-00184173 rest I nursed them up with pain and care
+IMoOddE11fQ-00645-00184174-00184555 nor cost nor labor I did spare
+IMoOddE11fQ-00646-00184556-00184843 Bradstreet alludes to the temporality of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00647-00184844-00185086 motherhood by comparing her children to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00648-00185087-00185317 a flock of birds on the precipice of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00649-00185318-00185650 leaving home while Puritans praised the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00650-00185651-00185884 obedience of young children they also
+IMoOddE11fQ-00651-00185885-00186139 believed that by separating children
+IMoOddE11fQ-00652-00186140-00186297 from their mothers at adolescence
+IMoOddE11fQ-00653-00186298-00186598 children could better sustain a superior
+IMoOddE11fQ-00654-00186599-00186952 relationship with God a child could only
+IMoOddE11fQ-00655-00186953-00187219 be redeemed through religious education
+IMoOddE11fQ-00656-00187220-00187480 and obedience girls carried the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00657-00187481-00187711 additional burden of Eve's corruption
+IMoOddE11fQ-00658-00187712-00187951 and were catechized separately from boys
+IMoOddE11fQ-00659-00187952-00188359 at adolescence boys education prepared
+IMoOddE11fQ-00660-00188360-00188584 them for vocations and leadership roles
+IMoOddE11fQ-00661-00188585-00188878 while girls were educated for domestic
+IMoOddE11fQ-00662-00188879-00189220 and religious purposes the pinnacle of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00663-00189221-00189445 achievement for children in Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00664-00189446-00189691 society however occurred with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00665-00189692-00189955 conversion process Puritans viewed the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00666-00189956-00190183 relationship between master and servant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00667-00190184-00190473 similarly to that of parent and child
+IMoOddE11fQ-00668-00190474-00190773 just as parents were expected to uphold
+IMoOddE11fQ-00669-00190774-00191053 Puritan religious values in the home
+IMoOddE11fQ-00670-00191054-00191280 masters assumed the parental
+IMoOddE11fQ-00671-00191281-00191473 responsibilities of housing and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00672-00191474-00191845 educating young servants older servants
+IMoOddE11fQ-00673-00191846-00192082 also dwelt with masters and were cared
+IMoOddE11fQ-00674-00192083-00192384 for in the event of illness or injury
+IMoOddE11fQ-00675-00192385-00192682 African American and Indian servants
+IMoOddE11fQ-00676-00192683-00193419 were likely excluded from such benefits
+IMoOddE11fQ-00677-00193420-00194091 topic demonology and witch hunts
+IMoOddE11fQ-00678-00194092-00194352 like most Christians in the early modern
+IMoOddE11fQ-00679-00194353-00194646 period Puritans believed in the active
+IMoOddE11fQ-00680-00194647-00194881 existence of the devil and demons as
+IMoOddE11fQ-00681-00194882-00195126 evil forces that could possess and cause
+IMoOddE11fQ-00682-00195127-00195447 harm to men and women there was also
+IMoOddE11fQ-00683-00195448-00195690 widespread belief in witchcraft and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00684-00195691-00196022 witches persons in league with the devil
+IMoOddE11fQ-00685-00196023-00196320 unexplained phenomena such as the death
+IMoOddE11fQ-00686-00196321-00196641 of livestock human disease and hideous
+IMoOddE11fQ-00687-00196642-00197046 fit suffered by young and old might all
+IMoOddE11fQ-00688-00197047-00197310 be blamed on the agency of the devil or
+IMoOddE11fQ-00689-00197311-00197558 a witch Puritan pastors undertook
+IMoOddE11fQ-00690-00197559-00197847 exorcisms for demonic possession in some
+IMoOddE11fQ-00691-00197848-00198069 high-profile cases
+IMoOddE11fQ-00692-00198070-00198354 Exorcist John Darrell was supported by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00693-00198355-00198597 Arthur Hill Durham in the case of Thomas
+IMoOddE11fQ-00694-00198598-00198999 darling Samuel harsh met a skeptic on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00695-00199000-00199227 witchcraft and possession attacked
+IMoOddE11fQ-00696-00199228-00199570 Darryl however har Schmitt was in the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00697-00199571-00199843 minority and many clergy not only
+IMoOddE11fQ-00698-00199844-00200082 Puritans believed in witchcraft and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00699-00200083-00200361 possession in the 16th and 17th
+IMoOddE11fQ-00700-00200362-00200604 centuries thousands of people throughout
+IMoOddE11fQ-00701-00200605-00200845 Europe were accused of being witches and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00702-00200846-00201171 executed in England and America
+IMoOddE11fQ-00703-00201172-00201435 Puritans engaged in witch hunts as well
+IMoOddE11fQ-00704-00201436-00201856 in the 1640s Matthew Hopkins the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00705-00201857-00202245 self-proclaimed Witchfinder general was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00706-00202246-00202557 responsible for accusing over 200 people
+IMoOddE11fQ-00707-00202558-00202871 of witchcraft mainly in East Anglia in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00708-00202872-00203223 New England few people were accused and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00709-00203224-00203545 convicted of witchcraft before 1692
+IMoOddE11fQ-00710-00203546-00203829 there were at most 16 convictions the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00711-00203830-00204213 Salem witch trials of 1692 had a lasting
+IMoOddE11fQ-00712-00204214-00204486 impact on the historical reputation of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00713-00204487-00204786 New England Puritans though this witch
+IMoOddE11fQ-00714-00204787-00205014 hunt occurred after Puritans lost
+IMoOddE11fQ-00715-00205015-00205281 political control of the Massachusetts
+IMoOddE11fQ-00716-00205282-00205581 colony Puritans instigated the judicial
+IMoOddE11fQ-00717-00205582-00205801 proceedings against the accused and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00718-00205802-00206016 comprised the members of the court that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00719-00206017-00206352 convicted and sentenced the accused by
+IMoOddE11fQ-00720-00206353-00206562 the time Governor William Phips
+IMoOddE11fQ-00721-00206563-00206875 ended the trials 14 women and five men
+IMoOddE11fQ-00722-00206876-00207135 had been hanged as witches
+IMoOddE11fQ-00723-00207136-00207544 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00724-00207544-00208094 topic millennialism
+IMoOddE11fQ-00725-00208094-00208406 Puritan millennialism has been placed in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00726-00208407-00208685 the broader context of European Reformed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00727-00208686-00208876 beliefs about the millennium and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00728-00208877-00209159 interpretation of Biblical prophecy for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00729-00209160-00209369 which representative figures of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00730-00209369-00209669 period were Johannes piss couture Thomas
+IMoOddE11fQ-00731-00209669-00209984 Brightman Joseph Mead Johannes Heinrich
+IMoOddE11fQ-00732-00209985-00210383 Alston and John Amos Comenius like most
+IMoOddE11fQ-00733-00210384-00210671 English Protestants of the time Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00734-00210671-00210923 based their eschatological views on an
+IMoOddE11fQ-00735-00210923-00211166 historicist interpretation of the book
+IMoOddE11fQ-00736-00211167-00211462 of Revelation in the Book of Daniel
+IMoOddE11fQ-00737-00211463-00211763 Protestant theologians identified the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00738-00211764-00212009 sequential phases the world must pass
+IMoOddE11fQ-00739-00212010-00212225 through before the last judgment could
+IMoOddE11fQ-00740-00212226-00212459 occur intended to place their own time
+IMoOddE11fQ-00741-00212460-00212815 period near the end it was expected that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00742-00212816-00213053 tribulation and persecution would
+IMoOddE11fQ-00743-00213054-00213292 increase but eventually the church's
+IMoOddE11fQ-00744-00213294-00213626 enemies the Antichrist identified with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00745-00213627-00213821 the Roman Catholic Church and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00746-00213821-00214211 Ottoman Empire would be defeated based
+IMoOddE11fQ-00747-00214212-00214523 on Revelation chapter 20 it was believed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00748-00214523-00214730 that a thousand year period the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00749-00214731-00214952 Millennium would occur during which the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00750-00214953-00215153 Saints would rule with Christ on earth
+IMoOddE11fQ-00751-00215154-00215405 in contrast to other Protestants who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00752-00215406-00215617 tended to view eschatology as an
+IMoOddE11fQ-00753-00215619-00215966 explanation for God's remote plans for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00754-00215967-00216319 the world and man Puritans understood it
+IMoOddE11fQ-00755-00216321-00216641 to describe the cosmic environment in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00756-00216642-00216908 which the regenerate soldier of Christ
+IMoOddE11fQ-00757-00216909-00217163 was now to do battle against the power
+IMoOddE11fQ-00758-00217164-00217339 of sin
+IMoOddE11fQ-00759-00217340-00217669 on a personal level eschatology was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00760-00217669-00217957 related to sanctification assurance of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00761-00217958-00218212 salvation and the conversion experience
+IMoOddE11fQ-00762-00218213-00218608 on a larger level eschatology was the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00763-00218609-00218821 lens through which events such as the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00764-00218821-00219052 English Civil War in the 30 Years War
+IMoOddE11fQ-00765-00219053-00219196 were interpreted
+IMoOddE11fQ-00766-00219196-00219544 there was also an optimistic aspect to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00767-00219544-00219773 Puritan millennia nism Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00768-00219775-00220071 anticipated a future worldwide religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00769-00220073-00220285 revival before the second coming of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00770-00220286-00220603 Christ another departure from other
+IMoOddE11fQ-00771-00220604-00220813 Protestants was the widespread belief
+IMoOddE11fQ-00772-00220814-00221080 among Puritans that the conversion of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00773-00221081-00221292 the Jews to Christianity was an
+IMoOddE11fQ-00774-00221294-00221594 important sign of the Apocalypse
+IMoOddE11fQ-00775-00221596-00221967 David Brady describes a lull before the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00776-00221969-00222414 storm in the early 17th century in which
+IMoOddE11fQ-00777-00222415-00222762 reasonably restrained and systematic
+IMoOddE11fQ-00778-00222763-00223030 Protestant exegesis of the book of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00779-00223031-00223303 Revelation was seen with brightman Mead
+IMoOddE11fQ-00780-00223304-00223571 and Huw Broughton after which
+IMoOddE11fQ-00781-00223573-00223869 apocalyptic literature became too easily
+IMoOddE11fQ-00782-00223871-00224275 debased as it became more populist and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00783-00224276-00224590 less scholarly William LeMond argues
+IMoOddE11fQ-00784-00224591-00224842 that within the church the Elizebeth and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00785-00224842-00225109 millennial beliefs of John Fox became
+IMoOddE11fQ-00786-00225110-00225394 sidelined with Puritans adopting instead
+IMoOddE11fQ-00787-00225394-00225757 the centrifugal doctrines of Thomas
+IMoOddE11fQ-00788-00225758-00226023 Brightman while the laden's replaced the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00789-00226023-00226389 centripetal attitude of Fox to the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00790-00226390-00226729 Christian emperor by the National and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00791-00226730-00227014 Episcopal Church closer to home with its
+IMoOddE11fQ-00792-00227015-00227254 royal head as leading the Protestant
+IMoOddE11fQ-00793-00227255-00227694 world i ure divino by divine right Vigo
+IMoOddE11fQ-00794-00227696-00227998 norske volson writes that Mead broke
+IMoOddE11fQ-00795-00227998-00228319 fully away from the Augustinian Fox e'en
+IMoOddE11fQ-00796-00228319-00228523 tradition and as the link between
+IMoOddE11fQ-00797-00228523-00228808 Brightman and the premillennialism of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00798-00228809-00229085 the 17th century
+IMoOddE11fQ-00799-00229086-00229442 the dam broke in 1641 when the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00800-00229442-00229694 traditional retrospective reverence for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00801-00229694-00229892 Thomas Cranmer and other martyred
+IMoOddE11fQ-00802-00229892-00230138 bishops in the acts and monuments was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00803-00230139-00230396 displaced by forward-looking attitudes
+IMoOddE11fQ-00804-00230396-00231198 to prophecy among radical Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00805-00231198-00231698 topic cultural consequences
+IMoOddE11fQ-00806-00231698-00231865 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00807-00231866-00232189 some strong religious beliefs common to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00808-00232190-00232548 Puritans had direct impacts on culture
+IMoOddE11fQ-00809-00232548-00232765 Puritans believed it was the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00810-00232766-00233010 government's responsibility to enforce
+IMoOddE11fQ-00811-00233011-00233244 moral standards and ensure true
+IMoOddE11fQ-00812-00233246-00233494 religious worship was established and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00813-00233494-00233848 maintained education was essential to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00814-00233848-00234132 every person male and female so that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00815-00234133-00234387 they could read the Bible for themselves
+IMoOddE11fQ-00816-00234388-00234684 however the Puritans emphasis on
+IMoOddE11fQ-00817-00234685-00234960 individual spiritual independence was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00818-00234961-00235213 not always compatible with the community
+IMoOddE11fQ-00819-00235214-00235482 cohesion that was also a strong ideal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00820-00235483-00236025 and Hutchinson 1591 to 1643 the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00821-00236026-00236235 well-educated daughter of a teacher
+IMoOddE11fQ-00822-00236236-00236521 argued with the established theological
+IMoOddE11fQ-00823-00236521-00236746 orthodoxy and was forced to leave the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00824-00236746-00237430 colony with her followers
+IMoOddE11fQ-00825-00237431-00237967 topic education
+IMoOddE11fQ-00826-00237967-00238240 at a time when the literacy rate in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00827-00238241-00238492 England was less than 30 percent the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00828-00238492-00238765 Puritan leaders of colonial New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00829-00238766-00239004 believed children should be educated for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00830-00239005-00239266 both religious and civil reasons and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00831-00239267-00239415 they worked to achieve universal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00832-00239416-00239965 literacy in 1642 Massachusetts required
+IMoOddE11fQ-00833-00239966-00240196 heads of households to teach their wives
+IMoOddE11fQ-00834-00240196-00240483 children and servants basic reading and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00835-00240484-00240646 writing so that they could read the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00836-00240646-00241055 Bible and understand colonial laws in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00837-00241056-00241383 1647 the government required all towns
+IMoOddE11fQ-00838-00241384-00241642 with 50 or more households to hire a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00839-00241642-00241896 teacher in towns of 100 or more
+IMoOddE11fQ-00840-00241898-00242096 households to hire a Grammar School
+IMoOddE11fQ-00841-00242098-00242401 instructor to prepare promising boys for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00842-00242402-00242757 college boys interested in the ministry
+IMoOddE11fQ-00843-00242758-00243001 were often sent to colleges such as
+IMoOddE11fQ-00844-00243002-00243400 Harvard founded in 1636 or Yale founded
+IMoOddE11fQ-00845-00243401-00243828 in 1707 aspiring lawyers or doctors
+IMoOddE11fQ-00846-00243829-00244104 apprenticed to a local practitioner or
+IMoOddE11fQ-00847-00244105-00244363 in rare cases were sent to England or
+IMoOddE11fQ-00848-00244364-00244527 Scotland
+IMoOddE11fQ-00849-00244528-00244934 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00850-00244935-00245548 topic Puritan scientists
+IMoOddE11fQ-00851-00245548-00245821 the Merton thesis as an argument about
+IMoOddE11fQ-00852-00245821-00246100 the nature of early experimental science
+IMoOddE11fQ-00853-00246101-00246496 proposed by Robert K Merton similar to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00854-00246496-00246744 Max Weber's famous claim on the link
+IMoOddE11fQ-00855-00246746-00246988 between the Protestant work ethic and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00856-00246989-00247285 the capitalist economy Merton argued for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00857-00247286-00247510 a similar positive correlation between
+IMoOddE11fQ-00858-00247511-00247810 the rise of English Puritanism as well
+IMoOddE11fQ-00859-00247811-00248005 as German Peet ISM and early
+IMoOddE11fQ-00860-00248006-00248419 experimental science as an example seven
+IMoOddE11fQ-00861-00248419-00248646 of ten nucleus members of the Royal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00862-00248648-00249192 Society were Puritans in the Year 1663
+IMoOddE11fQ-00863-00249192-00249454 62% of the members of the Royal Society
+IMoOddE11fQ-00864-00249455-00249835 were similarly identified the Merton
+IMoOddE11fQ-00865-00249836-00250081 thesis has resulted in continuous
+IMoOddE11fQ-00866-00250082-00250616 debates
+IMoOddE11fQ-00867-00250617-00251260 topic behavioral regulations
+IMoOddE11fQ-00868-00251261-00251521 Puritans in both England and New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00869-00251521-00251783 believed that the state should protect
+IMoOddE11fQ-00870-00251784-00251987 and promote true religion and that
+IMoOddE11fQ-00871-00251988-00252248 religion should influence politics and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00872-00252248-00252569 social life certain holidays were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00873-00252569-00252937 outlawed when Puritans came to power in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00874-00252938-00253301 1647 Parliament outlawed the celebration
+IMoOddE11fQ-00875-00253302-00253596 of Christmas Easter and whitsuntide
+IMoOddE11fQ-00876-00253598-00253917 Christmas was outlawed in Boston from
+IMoOddE11fQ-00877-00253919-00254294 1659 Puritans objected to Christmas
+IMoOddE11fQ-00878-00254294-00254519 because the festivities surrounding the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00879-00254519-00254869 holiday were seen as impious English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00880-00254871-00255134 jails were usually filled with drunken
+IMoOddE11fQ-00881-00255135-00255371 revelers and brawlers Puritans were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00882-00255371-00255646 opposed to Sunday sport or recreation
+IMoOddE11fQ-00883-00255648-00255878 because these distracted from religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00884-00255879-00256217 observance of the Sabbath other forms of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00885-00256217-00256396 leisure and entertainment were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00886-00256398-00256684 completely forbidden on moral grounds
+IMoOddE11fQ-00887-00256685-00257036 for example Puritans were universally
+IMoOddE11fQ-00888-00257037-00257282 opposed to blood sports such as bear
+IMoOddE11fQ-00889-00257283-00257486 baiting and cockfighting because they
+IMoOddE11fQ-00890-00257487-00257738 involved unnecessary injury to God's
+IMoOddE11fQ-00891-00257739-00258094 creatures for similar reasons they also
+IMoOddE11fQ-00892-00258096-00258446 opposed boxing these sports were illegal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00893-00258446-00258698 in England during Puritan rule card
+IMoOddE11fQ-00894-00258698-00258902 playing and gambling were banned in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00895-00258903-00259115 England and the colonies but card
+IMoOddE11fQ-00896-00259116-00259328 playing by itself was generally
+IMoOddE11fQ-00897-00259329-00259567 considered acceptable as was mixed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00898-00259569-00259823 dancing involving men and women because
+IMoOddE11fQ-00899-00259823-00260046 it was thought to lead to fornication
+IMoOddE11fQ-00900-00260048-00260363 folk dance that did not involve close
+IMoOddE11fQ-00901-00260364-00260594 contact between men and women was
+IMoOddE11fQ-00902-00260594-00260930 considered appropriate in New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00903-00260931-00261185 the first dancing school did not open
+IMoOddE11fQ-00904-00261186-00261434 until the end of the 17th century
+IMoOddE11fQ-00905-00261435-00261716 Puritans condemned the sexualization of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00906-00261717-00261953 the theatre and its associations with
+IMoOddE11fQ-00907-00261954-00262174 depravity and prostitution
+IMoOddE11fQ-00908-00262175-00262466 London's theatres were located on the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00909-00262467-00262673 south side of the Thames which was a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00910-00262674-00263060 centre of prostitution a major Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00911-00263061-00263312 attack on the theatre was William Prince
+IMoOddE11fQ-00912-00263313-00263633 book history o mystics Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00913-00263634-00263882 authorities shut down English theatres
+IMoOddE11fQ-00914-00263883-00264272 in the 1640s and 1650s and none were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00915-00264273-00264500 allowed to open in Puritan controlled
+IMoOddE11fQ-00916-00264501-00264608 colonies
+IMoOddE11fQ-00917-00264609-00264818 Puritans were not opposed to drinking
+IMoOddE11fQ-00918-00264819-00265021 alcohol in moderation
+IMoOddE11fQ-00919-00265022-00265295 however ale houses were closely
+IMoOddE11fQ-00920-00265296-00265541 regulated by Puritan controlled
+IMoOddE11fQ-00921-00265542-00265840 governments in both England and America
+IMoOddE11fQ-00922-00265841-00266144 early new england laws banning the sale
+IMoOddE11fQ-00923-00266145-00266399 of alcohol to native americans were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00924-00266400-00266681 criticized because it was not fit to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00925-00266682-00266990 deprive indians of any lawful comfort
+IMoOddE11fQ-00926-00266991-00267372 alloweth to all men by the use of wine
+IMoOddE11fQ-00927-00267373-00267678 laws banned the practice of individuals
+IMoOddE11fQ-00928-00267679-00267942 toasting each other with the explanation
+IMoOddE11fQ-00929-00267943-00268167 that it led to wasting God's gift of
+IMoOddE11fQ-00930-00268168-00268530 beer and wine as well as being carnal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00931-00268531-00268763 bounds were not set on enjoying
+IMoOddE11fQ-00932-00268764-00268995 sexuality within the bounds of marriage
+IMoOddE11fQ-00933-00268996-00269240 as a gift from God
+IMoOddE11fQ-00934-00269241-00269502 spouses were disciplined if they did not
+IMoOddE11fQ-00935-00269503-00269766 perform their sexual marital duties in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00936-00269767-00269991 accordance with 1st Corinthians chapter
+IMoOddE11fQ-00937-00269992-00270411 seven and other biblical passages women
+IMoOddE11fQ-00938-00270412-00270639 and men were equally expected to fulfill
+IMoOddE11fQ-00939-00270640-00270999 marital responsibilities women and men
+IMoOddE11fQ-00940-00271000-00271227 could file for divorce based on this
+IMoOddE11fQ-00941-00271228-00271593 issue alone in Massachusetts colony
+IMoOddE11fQ-00942-00271594-00271776 which had some of the most liberal
+IMoOddE11fQ-00943-00271777-00272055 colonial divorce laws one out of every
+IMoOddE11fQ-00944-00272056-00272325 six divorce petitions was filed on the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00945-00272326-00272652 basis on male impotence Puritans
+IMoOddE11fQ-00946-00272653-00272943 publicly punished drunkenness and sexual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00947-00272944-00273249 relations outside marriage couples who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00948-00273250-00273456 had sex during their engagement were
+IMoOddE11fQ-00949-00273457-00273855 fined and publicly humiliated men and a
+IMoOddE11fQ-00950-00273856-00274083 handful of women who engaged in
+IMoOddE11fQ-00951-00274084-00274332 homosexual behavior were seen as
+IMoOddE11fQ-00952-00274333-00275092 especially sinful with some executed
+IMoOddE11fQ-00953-00275093-00275430 topic opposition to other religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00954-00275431-00275825 views
+IMoOddE11fQ-00955-00275826-00276125 the Puritans exhibited intolerance to
+IMoOddE11fQ-00956-00276126-00276376 other religious views including Quaker
+IMoOddE11fQ-00957-00276377-00276755 Anglican and Baptist theologies the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00958-00276756-00277016 Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
+IMoOddE11fQ-00959-00277017-00277252 were the most active of the New England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00960-00277253-00277481 persecutors of Quakers and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00961-00277482-00277709 persecuting Spirit was shared by the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00962-00277710-00277946 Plymouth Colony and the colonies along
+IMoOddE11fQ-00963-00277947-00278312 the Connecticut River in 1660 one of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00964-00278313-00278543 most notable victims of the religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-00965-00278544-00278825 intolerance was English Quaker Mary Dyer
+IMoOddE11fQ-00966-00278826-00279077 who was hanged in Boston for repeatedly
+IMoOddE11fQ-00967-00279078-00279350 defying a Puritan law banning Quakers
+IMoOddE11fQ-00968-00279351-00279668 from the colony she was one of the four
+IMoOddE11fQ-00969-00279669-00279910 executed Quakers known as the Boston
+IMoOddE11fQ-00970-00279911-00280283 martyrs the hanging of Dyer on Boston
+IMoOddE11fQ-00971-00280284-00280481 Common marked the beginning of the end
+IMoOddE11fQ-00972-00280482-00280976 of the Puritan theocracy in 1661 King
+IMoOddE11fQ-00973-00280977-00281248 Charles the second explicitly forbade
+IMoOddE11fQ-00974-00281249-00281525 Massachusetts from executing anyone for
+IMoOddE11fQ-00975-00281526-00281975 professing Quakerism in 1680 for England
+IMoOddE11fQ-00976-00281976-00282235 revoked the Massachusetts Charter sent
+IMoOddE11fQ-00977-00282236-00282506 over a royal governor to enforce English
+IMoOddE11fQ-00978-00282507-00283004 laws in 1686 and in 1689 passed a broad
+IMoOddE11fQ-00979-00283005-00283271 Toleration Act the first two of the four
+IMoOddE11fQ-00980-00283272-00283502 Boston martyrs were executed by the
+IMoOddE11fQ-00981-00283503-00283946 Puritans on the 27th of October 1659 and
+IMoOddE11fQ-00982-00283947-00284291 in memory of this the 27th of October is
+IMoOddE11fQ-00983-00284292-00284546 now International Religious Freedom Day
+IMoOddE11fQ-00984-00284547-00284771 to recognize the importance of freedom
+IMoOddE11fQ-00985-00284772-00285119 of religion anti-catholic sentiment
+IMoOddE11fQ-00986-00285120-00285323 appeared in New England with the first
+IMoOddE11fQ-00987-00285324-00285829 pilgrim and Puritan settlers in 1647
+IMoOddE11fQ-00988-00285830-00286100 Massachusetts passed a law prohibiting
+IMoOddE11fQ-00989-00286101-00286376 any Jesuit Roman Catholic priests from
+IMoOddE11fQ-00990-00286377-00286589 entering territory under Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-00991-00286590-00286952 jurisdiction any suspected person who
+IMoOddE11fQ-00992-00286953-00287153 could not clear himself was to be
+IMoOddE11fQ-00993-00287154-00287381 banished from the colony a second
+IMoOddE11fQ-00994-00287382-00287688 offense carried a death penalty
+IMoOddE11fQ-00995-00287689-00288119 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-00996-00288120-00288737 topic historiography
+IMoOddE11fQ-00997-00288738-00289063 the literature on Puritans particularly
+IMoOddE11fQ-00998-00289064-00289334 biographical literature on individual
+IMoOddE11fQ-00999-00289335-00289601 Puritan ministers was already voluminous
+IMoOddE11fQ-01000-00289602-00289886 in the 17th century and indeed the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01001-00289887-00290120 interests of Puritans in the narratives
+IMoOddE11fQ-01002-00290121-00290354 of early life and conversions made the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01003-00290355-00290519 recording of the internal lives
+IMoOddE11fQ-01004-00290520-00290819 important to them the historical
+IMoOddE11fQ-01005-00290820-00291098 literature on Puritans is however quite
+IMoOddE11fQ-01006-00291099-00291395 problematic and subject to controversies
+IMoOddE11fQ-01007-00291396-00291731 over interpretation the early writings
+IMoOddE11fQ-01008-00291732-00291974 are those of the defeated excluded and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01009-00291975-00292316 victims the great interest of authors of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01010-00292317-00292631 the 19th century and Puritan figures was
+IMoOddE11fQ-01011-00292632-00292928 routinely accused in the 20th century of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01012-00292929-00293147 consisting of anachronism and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01013-00293148-00293417 reading back of contemporary concerns a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01014-00293418-00293686 debate continues on the definition of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01015-00293687-00294086 Puritanism English historian Patrick
+IMoOddE11fQ-01016-00294087-00294416 Collinson believes that Puritanism had
+IMoOddE11fQ-01017-00294417-00294701 no content beyond what was attributed to
+IMoOddE11fQ-01018-00294702-00295117 it by its opponents the analysis of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01019-00295118-00295472 mainstream Puritanism in terms of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01020-00295473-00295700 evolution from it of separatist and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01021-00295701-00295958 antinomian groups that did not flourish
+IMoOddE11fQ-01022-00295959-00296156 and others that continue to this day
+IMoOddE11fQ-01023-00296157-00296492 such as Baptists and Quakers can suffer
+IMoOddE11fQ-01024-00296493-00296873 in this way the national context England
+IMoOddE11fQ-01025-00296874-00297113 and Wales as well as the kingdoms of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01026-00297114-00297332 Scotland and Ireland frames the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01027-00297333-00297577 definition of Puritans but was not a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01028-00297578-00297761 self-identification for those
+IMoOddE11fQ-01029-00297762-00298004 Protestants who saw the progress of the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01030-00298005-00298328 30 Years War from 1620 as directly
+IMoOddE11fQ-01031-00298329-00298556 bearing on their denomination and as a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01032-00298557-00298817 continuation of the religious wars of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01033-00298818-00299051 the previous century carried on by the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01034-00299052-00299423 English Civil Wars English historian
+IMoOddE11fQ-01035-00299424-00299687 Christopher Hill who has contributed to
+IMoOddE11fQ-01036-00299688-00299957 analyses of Puritan concerns that are
+IMoOddE11fQ-01037-00299958-00300200 more respected than accepted rights of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01038-00300201-00300512 the 1630s old church lands and the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01039-00300513-00300737 accusations that William laud was a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01040-00300738-00300978 crypto Catholic
+IMoOddE11fQ-01041-00300979-00301248 to the heightened Puritan imagination it
+IMoOddE11fQ-01042-00301249-00301494 seemed that all over Europe the lamps
+IMoOddE11fQ-01043-00301495-00301653 were going out the counter-reformation
+IMoOddE11fQ-01044-00301654-00301935 was winning back property for the church
+IMoOddE11fQ-01045-00301936-00302190 as well as souls and Charles the first
+IMoOddE11fQ-01046-00302191-00302421 in his government if not allied to the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01047-00302422-00302655 forces of the counter-reformation at
+IMoOddE11fQ-01048-00302656-00302855 least appeared to have set themselves
+IMoOddE11fQ-01049-00302856-00303077 identical economic and political
+IMoOddE11fQ-01050-00303078-00303489 objectives Puritans were politically
+IMoOddE11fQ-01051-00303490-00303738 important in England but it is debated
+IMoOddE11fQ-01052-00303739-00303924 whether the movement was in any way a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01053-00303925-00304182 party with policies and leaders before
+IMoOddE11fQ-01054-00304183-00304635 the early 1640s while Puritanism in new
+IMoOddE11fQ-01055-00304636-00304881 england was important culturally for a
+IMoOddE11fQ-01056-00304882-00305163 group of colonial pioneers in America
+IMoOddE11fQ-01057-00305164-00305382 there have been many studies trying to
+IMoOddE11fQ-01058-00305383-00305646 pin down exactly what the identifiable
+IMoOddE11fQ-01059-00305647-00305997 cultural component was fundamentally
+IMoOddE11fQ-01060-00305998-00306276 historians remain dissatisfied with the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01061-00306277-00306630 group eNOS Puritan as a working concept
+IMoOddE11fQ-01062-00306631-00306921 for historical explanation the
+IMoOddE11fQ-01063-00306922-00307160 conception of a Protestant work ethic
+IMoOddE11fQ-01064-00307161-00307464 identified more closely with Calvinists
+IMoOddE11fQ-01065-00307465-00307671 or Puritan principles has been
+IMoOddE11fQ-01066-00307672-00307950 criticized at its root mainly as a post
+IMoOddE11fQ-01067-00307951-00308244 hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy aligning
+IMoOddE11fQ-01068-00308245-00308511 economic success with a narrow religious
+IMoOddE11fQ-01069-00308512-00309036 scheme topic Puritans Peter Bulkeley was
+IMoOddE11fQ-01070-00309037-00309282 an influential Puritan minister and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01071-00309283-00309660 founder of Concord John Bunyan famous
+IMoOddE11fQ-01072-00309661-00309873 for the pilgrims progress William
+IMoOddE11fQ-01073-00309874-00310137 Bradford was plymouth colony's governor
+IMoOddE11fQ-01074-00310138-00310497 and Bradstreet was the first female to
+IMoOddE11fQ-01075-00310498-00310701 have her works published in the British
+IMoOddE11fQ-01076-00310702-00311094 North American colonies Oliver Cromwell
+IMoOddE11fQ-01077-00311095-00311364 was an English military and political
+IMoOddE11fQ-01078-00311365-00311598 leader and eventually became Lord
+IMoOddE11fQ-01079-00311599-00311811 Protector of the Commonwealth of England
+IMoOddE11fQ-01080-00311812-00312183 Scotland and Ireland he was a very
+IMoOddE11fQ-01081-00312184-00312414 religious man and was considered an
+IMoOddE11fQ-01082-00312415-00312780 independent Puritan John Endicott was
+IMoOddE11fQ-01083-00312781-00312932 the first governor of the Massachusetts
+IMoOddE11fQ-01084-00312933-00313233 Bay Colony and an important military
+IMoOddE11fQ-01085-00313234-00313671 leader Jonathan Edwards evangelical
+IMoOddE11fQ-01086-00313672-00313881 preacher who sparked the first Great
+IMoOddE11fQ-01087-00313882-00314127 Awakening and Hutchinson was a Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-01088-00314128-00314369 woman noted for speaking freely
+IMoOddE11fQ-01089-00314370-00314624 about her religious views which resulted
+IMoOddE11fQ-01090-00314625-00314876 in her banishment from Massachusetts Bay
+IMoOddE11fQ-01091-00314877-00315256 Colony John Milton as regarded as among
+IMoOddE11fQ-01092-00315257-00315508 the greatest English poets author of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01093-00315509-00315803 epics like Paradise Lost and dramas like
+IMoOddE11fQ-01094-00315804-00316139 Samson Agonistes he was a staunch
+IMoOddE11fQ-01095-00316140-00316499 supporter of Cromwell James noise was an
+IMoOddE11fQ-01096-00316500-00316799 influential Puritan minister teacher and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01097-00316800-00317177 founder of Newbury Thomas Parker was an
+IMoOddE11fQ-01098-00317178-00317474 influential Puritan minister teacher and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01099-00317475-00317819 founder of Newbury John Winthrop is
+IMoOddE11fQ-01100-00317820-00318034 noted for his sermon a model of
+IMoOddE11fQ-01101-00318035-00318235 Christian charity and as a leading
+IMoOddE11fQ-01102-00318236-00318508 figure in founding the Massachusetts Bay
+IMoOddE11fQ-01103-00318509-00318872 Colony Robert Woodford was an English
+IMoOddE11fQ-01104-00318873-00319163 lawyer largely based at Northampton and
+IMoOddE11fQ-01105-00319164-00319683 London his diary for the period 16:37 to
+IMoOddE11fQ-01106-00319684-00320027 1641 records in detail the outlook of an
+IMoOddE11fQ-01107-00320028-00320526 educated Puritan
+IMoOddE11fQ-01108-00320527-00320691 you
+IMoOddE11fQ-01109-00320692-00321260 topic see also
+IMoOddE11fQ-01110-00321261-00322049 Plymouth Rock restoration ISM work ethic
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00243-00313874-00314008 thank you
+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00244-00314009-00315193 [Music]
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00246-00315500-00317382 [Music]
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00309-00393177-00393436 [Applause]
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00330-00423914-00424217 thank you
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00332-00425473-00426100 thank you
+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00333-00426101-00427066 [Music]
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00335-00427209-00427933 [Music]
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+IMaOzNXX0Mc-00338-00433589-00435044 [Music]
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00000-00000035-00000409 images are used in online courses as an
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00001-00000411-00000825 effective way to communicate meaning and
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00002-00000826-00001258 further connect the information and the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00003-00001259-00001589 content to the course objectives an
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00004-00001590-00001967 aligned course includes images that are
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00005-00001968-00002368 aligned with the content of the course
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00006-00002369-00002873 and they are also reflective of good
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00007-00002874-00003379 webpage design I have an example here
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00008-00003380-00003926 that I will show in this case the page
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00009-00003927-00004381 the content the topic is the respiratory
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00010-00004382-00004750 system for example in an anatomy class
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00011-00004751-00005356 so text is provided to break down the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00012-00005357-00005681 concepts but in this case an image can
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00013-00005682-00006215 also be helpful so this is twofold first
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00014-00006216-00006881 of all how we bring the image into the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00015-00006883-00007009 [Music]
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00016-00007009-00007448 webpage is important because that image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00017-00007448-00007673 will need to be connected to the course
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00018-00007673-00008053 files correctly and the other thing is
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00019-00008054-00008596 the image needs to be appropriate in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00020-00008597-00009008 terms of its resolution it's a color its
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00021-00009009-00009664 size so that sighted learners can easily
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00022-00009665-00010031 view the image and also the image will
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00023-00010032-00010337 need to be described properly using text
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00024-00010338-00010799 for those that are not sighted and are
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00025-00010800-00011131 depending on a screen reader to further
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00026-00011132-00011464 communicate the information within the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00027-00011465-00011989 image so the first thing is to bring the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00028-00011990-00012260 image into the course properly there are
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00029-00012261-00012463 a couple ways to do this the way that I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00030-00012464-00012760 will demonstrate is going to the course
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00031-00012761-00013085 files so I'll go ahead and select a new
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00032-00013086-00013343 tab to open up the files
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00033-00013344-00013985 within the same course okay now
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00034-00013986-00014354 folders are a good way to organize your
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00035-00014355-00014621 files so I'll go ahead and add a folder
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00036-00014622-00015185 in this case for the module that the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00037-00015186-00015761 page lives in and now in that folder
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00038-00015762-00015980 I'll go ahead and select it to bring in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00039-00015981-00016631 the image I will navigate to my Finder
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00040-00016632-00017423 window and I can locate the image and in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00041-00017424-00017780 my local device my laptop and then I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00042-00017781-00018164 will just drag and drop it into the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00043-00018165-00018641 folder so this is the recommended way to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00044-00018642-00018851 bring in images there are there are
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00045-00018852-00019088 other ways to do it in the case of
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00046-00019089-00019445 canvas but now the image is connected to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00047-00019446-00019775 the course so now I can go back to the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00048-00019776-00020332 page and edit the page and add the image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00049-00020333-00020694 so I'll go ahead and edit the page now
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00050-00020695-00021107 keep in mind that the reading order of
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00051-00021108-00021689 any page reads from top to bottom so the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00052-00021690-00022147 image should be place where the image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00053-00022148-00022794 would be read in terms of content so for
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00054-00022795-00023129 screen readers this is important so if
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00055-00023130-00023582 the image is appropriate for being read
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00056-00023583-00024068 first before the text then I would
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00057-00024069-00024584 simply create a new paragraph line just
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00058-00024585-00024925 add the cursor in that position and then
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00059-00024926-00025606 I will go to the images area and simply
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00060-00025607-00026125 select the image now
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00061-00026126-00026314 the image has been selected and placed
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00062-00026314-00026773 into the page the next thing to do is to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00063-00026774-00027154 size it so I will select the image and
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00064-00027155-00027385 it will highlight blue and then I will
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00065-00027386-00027817 select the embed image button so now the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00066-00027818-00028252 dimensions of the image needs to be
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00067-00028252-00028920 resized so here here is what's
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00068-00028922-00029264 recommended if you want the image to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00069-00029266-00029764 take up the full width of the mobile app
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00070-00029764-00029956 and the reason I'm thinking about the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00071-00029957-00030245 mobile app is because I want to lay out
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00072-00030247-00030822 a design of a page that works both for
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00073-00030823-00031138 desktop laptop environments and the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00074-00031139-00031417 mobile app so if I want the image to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00075-00031418-00031798 take up the full width that is a width
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00076-00031799-00032263 of 400 pixels so I type in 400 the first
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00077-00032264-00032508 section is width and I simply have to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00078-00032510-00032776 click out of it and it will
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00079-00032777-00033075 automatically update the height to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00080-00033076-00033501 preserve the ratio okay so that's set
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00081-00033502-00034000 the second thing is the alt text in this
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00082-00034001-00034255 area will default to the name of the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00083-00034256-00034582 file so if you need to change that which
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00084-00034583-00035140 in this case we do then this is where
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00085-00035141-00035226 you do it
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00086-00035227-00035476 respiratory system and now a screen
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00087-00035477-00035821 reader will read the correct description
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00088-00035822-00036175 of that image so select the Update
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00089-00036176-00036732 button so now I have an image that is
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00090-00036733-00037048 sized correctly and has the alternative
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00091-00037049-00037585 text now for this image to be laid out
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00092-00037586-00038086 on the desktop I can add a little bit of
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00093-00038087-00038920 HTML small HTML snippets to layout the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00094-00038921-00039069 image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00095-00039070-00039309 more appropriately for the page so in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00096-00039310-00039585 this case I will use the align right
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00097-00039586-00040083 button so keep in mind that the rich
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00098-00040084-00040398 content editor gives you a convenient
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00099-00040399-00040974 way to add HTML coding without having to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00100-00040975-00041292 go into the HTML so that's going to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00101-00041293-00041514 start me off okay I will eventually go
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00102-00041515-00041904 into the HTML editor but at least I have
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00103-00041905-00042522 that image moved over to the right so
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00104-00042523-00042801 that it is balanced with the text okay
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00105-00042802-00043179 so I will go ahead now to the HTML
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00106-00043180-00043643 editor and add one more snippet of
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00107-00043644-00044309 coding now that I have added the style
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00108-00044310-00044735 floating the image right I am able to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00109-00044736-00045360 add one more piece of coding to offer
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00110-00045361-00045606 more separation between the text and the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00111-00045607-00046191 image so after float:right semicolon I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00112-00046192-00047084 will space and type in padding - left
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00113-00047085-00047676 colon space and here I know from
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00114-00047677-00047985 experience that about 20 pixels will be
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00115-00047986-00048540 good 20 px semicolon so now I can go to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00116-00048541-00048828 the rich content editor and check that
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00117-00048829-00049305 that spacing has been added so now the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00118-00049306-00049737 layout is text with the image to the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00119-00049738-00050516 right so now I can save the page and
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00120-00050517-00050639 then
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00121-00050640-00050963 I have the text and I have the image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00122-00050964-00051538 that is described in this topic okay
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00123-00051539-00051980 there's one more item to be added to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00124-00051981-00052304 this specific image and this is what you
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00125-00052305-00052705 want to keep in mind with images is that
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00126-00052706-00053216 whatever information is presented and in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00127-00053217-00053501 this case the image actually has text
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00128-00053502-00053715 that is identifying different parts of
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00129-00053716-00054187 the respiratory system then that
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00130-00054188-00054585 information needs to be provided for
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00131-00054586-00054735 those that are reading a screen reader
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00132-00054736-00055166 so that would be a long description in
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00133-00055167-00055805 text so this is a good way to exercise
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00134-00055806-00056293 your ability to describe in words what
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00135-00056294-00056761 sighted people will pick up visually
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00136-00056762-00056879 okay
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00137-00056880-00057449 so I'll go back and edit the page so to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00138-00057450-00057719 add the long text description that is
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00139-00057720-00057984 attached to the image I will go back to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00140-00057985-00058982 the HTML editor and at the end of the P
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00141-00058983-00059441 tag in between the image close bracket
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00142-00059442-00059642 and the P tag open bracket I'll go ahead
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00143-00059643-00060530 and open up a break and simply title it
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00144-00060531-00061323 long text description so now if I go
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00145-00061324-00061599 back to the rich content editor the long
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00146-00061600-00061809 text description will be directly under
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00147-00061810-00062093 the image and I can go ahead and center
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00148-00062094-00062663 that just to give it a little bit better
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00149-00062664-00063161 layout so now this will serve as a link
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00150-00063162-00063593 to a long text description of this image
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00151-00063594-00063977 so I'll go ahead and save that for now
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00152-00063978-00064386 okay so now I have my layout with the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00153-00064387-00064647 information and text the image to the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00154-00064648-00064950 right and this will become a link to the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00155-00064951-00065352 long text description so this is how I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00156-00065353-00065724 will link this long text description I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00157-00065725-00066944 will go back to pages and I will add a
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00158-00066945-00067308 page specifically for the text
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00159-00067309-00068289 description okay so you would go ahead
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00160-00068290-00068799 and fill out this page with that
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00161-00068800-00069057 description okay so once you've
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00162-00069058-00069372 completed that at the end of the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00163-00069373-00069980 description a link needs to be provided
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00164-00069981-00070929 to return to the page that it came from
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00165-00070930-00071361 so I can simply highlight this return to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00166-00071362-00071850 the respiratory system and go to links
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00167-00071851-00072264 on the right and find my page and select
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00168-00072265-00072900 it so now I can save this page so now I
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00169-00072901-00073353 will have and imagine here that your
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00170-00073354-00073536 full description is already written out
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00171-00073537-00073857 and now a convenient link is provided
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00172-00073858-00074234 that I select it and it takes me back to
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00173-00074235-00074625 the page okay and again all of this will
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00174-00074626-00075102 be connected within the course so this
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00175-00075103-00075333 long text description will be connected
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00176-00075334-00075624 to the image that is connected to the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00177-00075625-00075930 course in the files so going through
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00178-00075931-00076347 this process of adding images adding
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00179-00076348-00076683 long description links the proper way
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00180-00076684-00077121 will ensure that all of these links will
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00181-00077122-00077295 not eventually become bro
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00182-00077296-00077661 and links but they will carry on with
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00183-00077662-00078027 the course in case of course copies so
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00184-00078028-00078177 one more thing to do here let me go
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00185-00078178-00078713 ahead and edit this page and select the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00186-00078714-00079245 long text description text and locate
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00187-00079246-00080195 the page link to it and now I'm done
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00188-00080196-00080700 adding images to alt text I'm sorry
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00189-00080701-00081210 adding images to your course let's go so
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00190-00081211-00081477 we've looked at adding images to your
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00191-00081478-00081912 course we've looked at adding them
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00192-00081913-00082419 correctly through files and adding the
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00193-00082420-00082632 appropriate alternative text including
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00194-00082633-00082917 long descriptions we've talked about how
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00195-00082918-00083643 to position the image to consider mobile
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00196-00083644-00084099 app layouts as well how to link to long
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00197-00084100-00084465 text descriptions when needed in many
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00198-00084466-00084828 cases that is not needed but we have
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00199-00084829-00085425 that covered as well and we have looked
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00200-00085426-00086006 at how to stylize the page functionally
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00201-00086007-00086493 so that we right justified the image so
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00202-00086494-00086745 that has a good layout and on the mobile
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00203-00086746-00087069 app it will also have a good layout you
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00204-00087070-00087252 can test that out for yourself
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00205-00087253-00087752 so that is adding images to your course
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00206-00087753-00088104 that will be aligned it will be
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00207-00088105-00088407 accessible and it will have a good
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00208-00088408-00088827 functional layout for a good to promote
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00209-00088828-00089325 a good navigational experience for your
+Ip5g8GbaboI-00210-00089326-00089589 participants
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00000-00000000-00000739 [Music]
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00001-00000740-00001154 thank you
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00003-00006084-00006486 foreign
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00004-00006487-00007210 [Music]
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00005-00007211-00009068 foreign
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00006-00009069-00010641 [Music]
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00008-00014041-00014225 thank you
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00009-00014226-00014637 foreign
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00010-00014638-00015718 [Music]
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00011-00015719-00016760 [Music]
+IOpTEOvmg-y-00012-00016761-00017615 [Music]
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00000-00000020-00000256 we are now to deal with the third part
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00001-00000257-00000501 of the exhibition here we shall reflect
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00002-00000502-00000651 on what is happening with peace and
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00003-00000652-00000936 human rights nowadays what do we know
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00004-00000937-00001228 about human rights do we know about the
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00005-00001229-00001433 universal declaration of human rights in
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00006-00001434-00001891 1948 other from will go deeper and free
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00007-00001892-00002158 basic rights and we will confirm how
+IQTZgQzcJPu-00008-00002159-00002479 they are being violated today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00000-00000032-00000286 student data corps data science career
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00001-00000287-00000438 panel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00002-00000440-00001015 we will be starting at exactly 3 p.m
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00003-00001016-00001278 in the meantime please feel free to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00004-00001279-00001319 enter
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00005-00001320-00001535 questions that you may have for the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00006-00001536-00001639 panel in the q
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00007-00001639-00002063 a area and we also encourage you to join
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00008-00002064-00002407 the slack community the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00009-00002408-00003654 link is in the chat area
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00010-00003655-00003990 excellent we are recording and now we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00011-00003992-00004283 would like to begin
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00012-00004284-00004511 through good afternoon
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00013-00004512-00004767 and welcome to the northeast student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00014-00004768-00004879 data corps
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00015-00004880-00005199 data science career panel today's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00016-00005200-00005302 webinar
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00017-00005303-00005591 is the second in a series highlighting
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00018-00005592-00005799 the wide range of educational
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00019-00005800-00006151 opportunities and career paths available
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00020-00006152-00006559 in data science and data analytics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00021-00006559-00006910 we are featuring experts from academia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00022-00006911-00007214 government industry and non-profits
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00023-00007215-00007527 who will share their knowledge about and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00024-00007528-00007639 the experience
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00025-00007640-00008070 in data science with the community
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00026-00008072-00008335 i am farou garamani associate vice
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00027-00008336-00008487 president for research
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00028-00008488-00008823 innovation and sponsored programs at nj
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00029-00008824-00008974 edge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00030-00008975-00009214 nj edge is a regional research and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00031-00009215-00009359 education network
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00032-00009360-00009719 located in new jersey i am delighted to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00033-00009720-00009959 be a founding member of the northeast
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00034-00009960-00010006 student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00035-00010007-00010319 data corps and a co-lead for the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00036-00010320-00010503 northeast student data corps
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00037-00010504-00010774 outreach team along with jennifer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00038-00010775-00010903 oxenfort
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00039-00010904-00011310 who is the director of member services
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00040-00011311-00011614 and new york city dark fiber at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00041-00011615-00012055 nizernet i will be co-moderating today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00042-00012056-00012414 um today's panel along with hailey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00043-00012415-00012735 stewart who is a junior at columbia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00044-00012736-00012863 university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00045-00012863-00013127 a student assistant at the northeast big
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00046-00013128-00013294 data innovation hub
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00047-00013295-00013486 and a project coordinator of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00048-00013487-00013791 northeast student data corps
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00049-00013791-00014079 and before reviewing the agenda i would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00050-00014080-00014143 like to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00051-00014144-00014358 provide a special welcome to our
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00052-00014359-00014463 distinguished
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00053-00014463-00014894 panelists sanja reddy hess nuri
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00054-00014895-00015303 jason williams patricia ordonez
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00055-00015304-00015583 and martin pavlovsky who will be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00056-00015584-00015671 introduced
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00057-00015672-00015983 more formally in a few minutes next
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00058-00015984-00016030 slide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00059-00016031-00016455 please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00060-00016456-00016719 today's agenda will begin with an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00061-00016720-00016791 overview
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00062-00016792-00017111 of the northeast big data innovation hub
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00063-00017112-00017463 and the northeast students data corps
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00064-00017464-00017847 followed by the panel discussion
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00065-00017848-00018055 during the panel discussion we will
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00066-00018056-00018247 engage the panel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00067-00018248-00018567 with a set of questions which have been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00068-00018568-00018863 mined and curated based on your input
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00069-00018864-00019143 during the registration process
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00070-00019144-00019455 and if time is available at the end of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00071-00019456-00019527 the panel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00072-00019528-00019767 we will address additional time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00073-00019768-00020191 additional questions
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00074-00020192-00020494 the formal part of the program will end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00075-00020495-00020839 at 4 pm however there will be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00076-00020840-00021350 additional time between 4 p.m and 4 15
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00077-00021351-00021719 for additional questions
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00078-00021720-00021935 following the panel announcements will
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00079-00021936-00022039 be provided
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00080-00022040-00022350 about some of the exciting new northeast
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00081-00022351-00022686 student data corps initiatives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00082-00022687-00022919 and as i mentioned the formal part of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00083-00022920-00023047 the program will end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00084-00023048-00023350 at 4 pm please note
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00085-00023351-00023671 the event is being recorded and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00086-00023672-00023886 we encourage you to join the slack
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00087-00023887-00024086 community and engage with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00088-00024087-00024455 us throughout the program as well as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00089-00024456-00024814 afterwards it is now my pleasure
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00090-00024815-00025150 to invite haley stewart to start the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00091-00025151-00025407 official part of the program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00092-00025408-00025563 next slide please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00093-00025564-00025743 [Music]
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00094-00025744-00025943 thank you furu and again welcome
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00095-00025944-00026143 everyone to the second event of our data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00096-00026144-00026327 science career panel series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00097-00026327-00026535 um like rue said i'm haley i'm an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00098-00026536-00026758 undergrad junior at columbia university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00099-00026760-00026799 studying
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00100-00026800-00027039 psychology and public health i'm student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00101-00027039-00027214 assistant at the northeast big data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00102-00027216-00027318 innovation hub
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00103-00027319-00027518 project coordinator for the northeastern
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00104-00027519-00027623 data core
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00105-00027624-00027790 and as we mentioned co-moderator for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00106-00027791-00028014 this panel so thanks everyone for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00107-00028016-00028255 joining today we have roughly 400
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00108-00028256-00028446 registrants interested in this event
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00109-00028447-00028631 so we're super excited to have this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00110-00028632-00028767 panel for you all
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00111-00028768-00028943 to learn more about data science from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00112-00028944-00029311 our amazing panelists we have today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00113-00029312-00029518 so the northeast student data core is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00114-00029519-00029695 brought to you all by the northeast big
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00115-00029695-00029839 data innovation hub
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00116-00029839-00030062 the northeast big data innovation hub is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00117-00030063-00030214 a community convener
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00118-00030216-00030431 and a collaboration hub we create and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00119-00030432-00030590 enable a network designed to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00120-00030591-00030807 fuel data science innovation through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00121-00030808-00030967 diverse and inclusive community
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00122-00030968-00031127 partnerships with academia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00123-00031127-00031502 higher ed k-12 stem programs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00124-00031503-00031774 industry nonprofit and really anybody
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00125-00031775-00031951 who wants to be a part of a network of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00126-00031952-00032167 people in data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00127-00032168-00032414 and these partnerships allow us to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00128-00032416-00032535 connect with students
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00129-00032536-00032743 communities and institutions across the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00130-00032744-00032846 united states
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00131-00032847-00033039 and around the world in fact we'd like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00132-00033040-00033190 to acknowledge and thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00133-00033191-00033399 those from all around the world who are
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00134-00033400-00033607 tuned in today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00135-00033608-00033823 a really essential part of the mission
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00136-00033824-00034046 of the northeast big data innovation hub
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00137-00034047-00034295 is to increase and expand data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00138-00034296-00034502 capacity and talent across
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00139-00034503-00034735 different areas of focus so as you can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00140-00034736-00035039 see we have four main focus areas
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00141-00035040-00035295 the first is education and data literacy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00142-00035296-00035462 and under this focus area
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00143-00035463-00035646 the northeastern data core is our
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00144-00035647-00035767 premier program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00145-00035768-00035879 and the one you'll be learning about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00146-00035880-00036071 today so we've all come to the main
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00147-00036072-00036167 event
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00148-00036168-00036399 um and then under health we have the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00149-00036400-00036630 covet information commons which provides
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00150-00036631-00036879 a portal to a thousand nsf-funded
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00151-00036880-00037143 covert research grants and a community
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00152-00037144-00037295 of collaboration and support
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00153-00037296-00037471 in fact the nih is joining that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00154-00037472-00037630 community as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00155-00037631-00037862 and then there's the urban and rural
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00156-00037863-00037999 communities where we have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00157-00038000-00038246 our working group and finally there's a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00158-00038247-00038415 responsible data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00159-00038416-00038671 including security privacy and ethics so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00160-00038672-00038862 one of our cool programs under this area
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00161-00038863-00039046 is the connected health care cyber
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00162-00039047-00039223 security workshop series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00163-00039224-00039367 and we actually have a workshop coming
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00164-00039368-00039574 up on april 28th that will be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00165-00039575-00039679 co-sponsored with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00166-00039680-00039951 ieee so you can access more information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00167-00039952-00040151 on each of these focus areas
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00168-00040152-00040359 and the hub and the corresponding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00169-00040360-00040527 activities on our website
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00170-00040528-00040911 at nebigdatahub.org about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00171-00040912-00041279 next slide please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00172-00041280-00041487 so on the slide we want to talk to you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00173-00041488-00041695 more about the northeastern data core
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00174-00041696-00042079 which is why you're all here so the nscc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00175-00042080-00042311 was created as a community developed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00176-00042312-00042390 initiative
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00177-00042391-00042679 we really wanted to foster a diverse
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00178-00042680-00042871 data science community that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00179-00042872-00043007 started with the students of data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00180-00043008-00043230 science and so last year we did a call
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00181-00043231-00043383 for participation
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00182-00043384-00043639 and we had over 20 people interested in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00183-00043640-00043846 creating the foundation of the nscc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00184-00043847-00044118 and that included researchers professors
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00185-00044119-00044311 folks from industry
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00186-00044312-00044639 non-profits undergrad and grad students
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00187-00044640-00044807 and they happened to make up the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00188-00044808-00044983 founding committees so all the awesome
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00189-00044984-00045215 faces you see on the screen right now
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00190-00045216-00045343 the people who really helped build this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00191-00045344-00045551 program from the ground up and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00192-00045552-00045767 we organized the work done through the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00193-00045768-00045871 nscc through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00194-00045872-00046151 three different teams so there's content
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00195-00046152-00046230 pedagogy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00196-00046231-00046415 that helps to build a curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00197-00046416-00046623 leveraging academia and industry
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00198-00046624-00046902 generated resources and materials to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00199-00046903-00047111 teach data science fundamentals and from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00200-00047112-00047271 their great work we now have the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00201-00047272-00047502 learner central and educator central
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00202-00047503-00047615 which we will mention
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00203-00047616-00047918 more about later on next we have the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00204-00047919-00048111 pear instructor and mentoring team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00205-00048112-00048311 helping to teach data science remotely
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00206-00048312-00048343 to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00207-00048344-00048607 students who don't have access to data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00208-00048608-00048758 science programs and who play a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00209-00048759-00048911 significant role in shaping the student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00210-00048912-00049015 experience
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00211-00049016-00049215 so this team is uh starting their work
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00212-00049216-00049374 through the slack channel that we've
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00213-00049375-00049430 launched
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00214-00049431-00049662 so you can access the slack channel to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00215-00049663-00049774 connect with others
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00216-00049775-00049895 request mentoring and we'll be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00217-00049896-00050167 continuing to evolve that program as the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00218-00050168-00050279 slack channel grows
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00219-00050280-00050583 we'll also provide um a url for the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00220-00050584-00050862 slack channel later on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00221-00050863-00051046 and then finally we have outreach so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00222-00051047-00051263 outreach is uh responsible for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00223-00051264-00051446 all of our outreach initiatives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00224-00051447-00051663 including this career panel series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00225-00051664-00051863 um and our career essential web page
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00226-00051864-00052046 that has resources to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00227-00052047-00052254 help with career development and we'll
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00228-00052255-00052479 talk more about that as well later on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00229-00052479-00052711 so overall the nsdc is really the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00230-00052712-00052887 breadth of our community
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00231-00052888-00053047 and we like to thank the team for their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00232-00053048-00053238 leadership and great work and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00233-00053239-00053499 you can find more information here at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00234-00053500-00053671 anybigdatahub.org
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00235-00053672-00053975 nsdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00236-00053976-00054326 move on to the next slide great
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00237-00054327-00054630 so for today we're delighted to have our
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00238-00054632-00054830 four panelists here join us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00239-00054832-00055087 here we have sanjana reddy pastnery a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00240-00055088-00055199 data scientist
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00241-00055200-00055375 on the expert labs learning team and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00242-00055376-00055566 artificial intelligence curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00243-00055567-00055630 developer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00244-00055632-00055991 at ibm next we have jason williams the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00245-00055991-00056150 associate director and external
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00246-00056151-00056335 collaborations lead at the cold spring
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00247-00056336-00056607 harbor lab dna learning center
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00248-00056608-00056854 and there's patricia ordonez professor
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00249-00056855-00057063 in the computer science department at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00250-00057064-00057247 the university of puerto rico rio
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00251-00057248-00057407 piedras
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00252-00057408-00057719 and we have martin pavlovsky a phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00253-00057720-00057950 student at the center for data analytics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00254-00057951-00058159 and biomedical informatics at temple
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00255-00058160-00058503 university so aosha feel free to stop
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00256-00058504-00058687 sharing your screen now as we transition
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00257-00058688-00058903 into our discussion with the panelists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00258-00058904-00059223 hi everyone um so let's start
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00259-00059224-00059503 you all off with giving um each of you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00260-00059504-00059654 giving a more in-depth introduction of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00261-00059655-00059719 yourselves
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00262-00059720-00059966 so uh please share with us your personal
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00263-00059967-00060103 journeys with data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00264-00060104-00060263 when did you realize you liked data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00265-00060264-00060463 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00266-00060464-00060687 what specific experiences drew you to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00267-00060688-00060838 the field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00268-00060839-00061006 what drew you to the job you applied for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00269-00061007-00061230 now how how exactly did you get involved
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00270-00061232-00061342 in this field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00271-00061344-00061654 um so let's start this off with sanjana
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00272-00061655-00061959 hello everyone uh my name is sanchna
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00273-00061960-00062326 and i'm a data scientist at ibm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00274-00062327-00062606 um so to give you all an overview about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00275-00062607-00062791 my journey in data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00276-00062791-00062959 uh i'd like to start off with my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00277-00062960-00063279 background so i did my undergraduation
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00278-00063279-00063519 in mechanical engineering from a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00279-00063520-00063623 university in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00280-00063624-00063854 india as you all know mechanical
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00281-00063855-00064023 engineering has nothing to do with data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00282-00064024-00064111 science but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00283-00064112-00064382 my next step after undergraduation was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00284-00064383-00064463 to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00285-00064464-00064687 become an entrepreneur and start a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00286-00064688-00064806 business
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00287-00064807-00064950 and then i started doing a little bit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00288-00064951-00065150 research about you know how do you go
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00289-00065151-00065335 about starting a business what is the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00290-00065336-00065375 most
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00291-00065376-00065687 essential thing to begin a business and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00292-00065688-00065926 then in that process i came across this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00293-00065927-00066055 interesting quote
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00294-00066056-00066367 by john owen and that states
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00295-00066368-00066711 that information is what you need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00296-00066712-00067023 to do business at that point of time i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00297-00067024-00067247 did not understand the significance of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00298-00067248-00067359 that line
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00299-00067360-00067599 so i started doing more research about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00300-00067600-00067815 it and then i came to know that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00301-00067816-00068167 every business is built on information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00302-00068168-00068367 be it a social media business be it a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00303-00068368-00068471 food business
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00304-00068472-00068750 be technology whatever it is it's built
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00305-00068751-00068894 on information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00306-00068895-00069231 so i changed my plans and i thought of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00307-00069232-00069359 pursuing masters
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00308-00069360-00069606 from carnegie mellon university in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00309-00069607-00069838 information systems management
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00310-00069839-00070006 given my background in mechanical
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00311-00070007-00070150 engineering i wasn't sure
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00312-00070151-00070471 i will get accepted into the university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00313-00070472-00070711 but fortunately universities just don't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00314-00070712-00070894 judge you by the background or knowledge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00315-00070895-00071135 you have they judge you by the passion
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00316-00071136-00071303 you have towards the degree that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00317-00071304-00071438 want to pursue
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00318-00071439-00071767 so i got into cmu and then on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00319-00071768-00071959 i got an opportunity to pursue
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00320-00071960-00072071 internships
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00321-00072072-00072391 with various firms like adobe and ernst
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00322-00072392-00072711 young and through all these experiences
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00323-00072712-00072894 with my master's degree and the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00324-00072895-00073167 internships i realized that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00325-00073168-00073511 firms do have tons of data but what they
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00326-00073512-00073662 struggle with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00327-00073663-00073887 is transforming this data into
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00328-00073888-00074047 information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00329-00074048-00074238 and that is what they need data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00330-00074239-00074359 scientists for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00331-00074360-00074526 and that's when i realized the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00332-00074527-00074671 significance of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00333-00074672-00074975 a data scientist for a business
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00334-00074976-00075206 and that's when i decided that i want to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00335-00075207-00075479 become one and oriented all my energy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00336-00075480-00075662 towards becoming one
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00337-00075663-00075926 and therefore here i am today working at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00338-00075927-00075991 ibm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00339-00075992-00076319 as a data scientist and focusing on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00340-00076320-00076623 ai curriculum development
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00341-00076624-00076838 so that's it uh that that was like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00342-00076839-00076967 brief overview of my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00343-00076968-00077375 journey as a data scientist
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00344-00077376-00077543 thank you so much sanjana for sharing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00345-00077544-00077703 more about that and i think it's really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00346-00077704-00077903 important to highlight as you said
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00347-00077904-00078150 um that there doesn't necessarily have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00348-00078151-00078326 to be a conventional path to data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00349-00078327-00078462 science it's really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00350-00078463-00078703 however your path is that's the right
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00351-00078704-00078767 one
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00352-00078768-00079038 so thank you for that uh jason would you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00353-00079039-00079103 like to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00354-00079104-00079455 go on an answer sure thank you haley and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00355-00079456-00079591 thank you to everybody
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00356-00079592-00079791 for the wonderful invitation and for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00357-00079792-00080023 everybody who is uh uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00358-00080024-00080247 listening i i don't know if i could
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00359-00080248-00080359 narrate as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00360-00080360-00080679 as sanji uh chandana did uh my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00361-00080680-00081006 uh journey into data science um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00362-00081007-00081182 maybe i could start maybe it started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00363-00081183-00081359 when i was young in a sense
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00364-00081360-00081519 that i am if you've ever heard of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00365-00081520-00081775 term the oregon trail generation
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00366-00081776-00081903 so you can tell if you're in this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00367-00081904-00082135 generation or not if you played oregon
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00368-00082136-00082279 trail video game
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00369-00082280-00082567 in school so i was at the generation of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00370-00082568-00082606 which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00371-00082607-00082767 you know there'd never been a computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00372-00082768-00082926 in the household before
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00373-00082927-00083175 uh and so i had access to the computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00374-00083176-00083247 and on a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00375-00083248-00083535 monthly basis i would probably mess it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00376-00083536-00083759 up and need to actually reformat it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00377-00083760-00084006 um and completely reinstall everything
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00378-00084007-00084231 because i was just playing around uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00379-00084232-00084455 as you saw in the slides there i'm at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00380-00084456-00084638 cold spring harbor laboratory
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00381-00084639-00084871 uh i am at the dna learning center and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00382-00084872-00084982 i'm a biologist
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00383-00084983-00085311 so nothing in my title suggests uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00384-00085312-00085526 just as we heard uh the term data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00385-00085527-00085655 science um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00386-00085656-00085903 but i always had some interest in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00387-00085904-00086135 computers and software and data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00388-00086136-00086471 and um as an undergraduate when i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00389-00086472-00086782 working at stony brook university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00390-00086783-00086999 further on the island
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00391-00087000-00087271 a lot of our work was computational not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00392-00087272-00087335 just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00393-00087336-00087511 in in the case that we were doing we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00394-00087512-00087679 were studying uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00395-00087680-00087887 the phylogeny or the ordering of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00396-00087888-00088087 different species of yams across the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00397-00088088-00088311 globe where people would send us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00398-00088312-00088518 leaves and we would extract dna but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00399-00088519-00088671 ultimately you would take that dna
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00400-00088672-00088767 sequence data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00401-00088768-00089006 and do different types of computational
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00402-00089007-00089175 analyses to it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00403-00089176-00089335 and then later on when i came here to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00404-00089336-00089479 cold spring harbor i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00405-00089480-00089662 was working at the bench doing all sorts
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00406-00089663-00089862 of genetics experiments
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00407-00089863-00090071 but ultimately i found my way to the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00408-00090072-00090191 learning center where i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00409-00090192-00090518 teach and actually as we just heard i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00410-00090519-00090662 have a very similar
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00411-00090663-00090911 position to sanjana and that i developed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00412-00090912-00091006 curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00413-00091007-00091326 and helped to train others i started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00414-00091327-00091479 working on a project
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00415-00091480-00091711 called cybers which is a infrastructure
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00416-00091712-00091831 project funded by
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00417-00091832-00091967 the national science foundation it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00418-00091968-00092175 wasn't called that when we began
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00419-00092176-00092471 it's called iplant and we developed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00420-00092472-00092655 tools for plant biologists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00421-00092656-00092903 and over the years i've traveled to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00422-00092904-00093006 hundreds of different
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00423-00093007-00093318 institutions helping biologists who were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00424-00093319-00093455 also
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00425-00093456-00093687 more at the bench or the field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00426-00093688-00093879 transition or be able to use
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00427-00093880-00094143 bioinformatics tools in their research
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00428-00094144-00094311 and apply data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00429-00094312-00094662 on to what they were doing so um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00430-00094663-00094911 you know this is not not in any way plan
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00431-00094912-00095023 not in any way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00432-00095024-00095406 intentional but it's the reality as we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00433-00095407-00095494 also just heard
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00434-00095495-00095647 that data is a part of everything that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00435-00095648-00095815 we do and as scientists it's a part of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00436-00095816-00095943 everything we do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00437-00095944-00096271 um so combined
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00438-00096272-00096535 combining my own intrinsic interests
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00439-00096536-00096599 with uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00440-00096600-00096887 data and software that's what sort of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00441-00096888-00097015 led me to this position
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00442-00097016-00097247 and i think increasingly we are seeing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00443-00097248-00097406 scientists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00444-00097407-00097750 um in different domains and not just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00445-00097751-00097894 scientists journalists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00446-00097895-00098135 everyone right uh starting to think
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00447-00098136-00098279 about data and how it relates to their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00448-00098280-00098318 work
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00449-00098319-00098559 and if you can do both whatever um those
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00450-00098560-00098735 two passions of yours might be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00451-00098736-00098894 uh combining it with data is really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00452-00098895-00099071 really an excellent uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00453-00099072-00099255 opportunity and tool to go somewhere you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00454-00099256-00099382 might not have thought you've gone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00455-00099383-00099743 so that's a little bit of my journey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00456-00099744-00099982 thank you jason that's super exciting
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00457-00099983-00100159 and just really influential in how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00458-00100160-00100335 you've helped to kind of expand data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00459-00100336-00100415 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00460-00100416-00100623 um and leverage it in your own domain of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00461-00100624-00100774 science and beyond so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00462-00100775-00101079 thank you for that uh patricia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00463-00101080-00101247 feel free to introduce yourself and tell
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00464-00101248-00101391 us more about what you do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00465-00101392-00102079 and how to release data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00466-00102080-00102702 i think you're muted
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00467-00102703-00102902 so i'm a professor at the university of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00468-00102903-00103086 puerto rico in computer science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00469-00103088-00103302 um so i really started in computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00470-00103303-00103471 science and i actually started right
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00471-00103472-00103647 out of um high school actually in high
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00472-00103648-00103839 school i took my first programming class
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00473-00103840-00104030 and this was back with if i had to date
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00474-00104031-00104327 myself i was atari pong
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00475-00104328-00104766 video game and uh galaga so i know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00476-00104767-00104958 you probably don't know about these but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00477-00104959-00105134 anyway the whole point is that this was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00478-00105135-00105215 way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00479-00105216-00105447 before like it was at the beginning of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00480-00105448-00105558 html
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00481-00105559-00105831 so if you can think of how much um we've
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00482-00105832-00105999 come we've come really far
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00483-00106000-00106183 but anyway so the point is at that point
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00484-00106183-00106383 i was so intimidated i went to my first
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00485-00106383-00106519 mini computers class i was so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00486-00106520-00106710 intimidated that i dropped it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00487-00106711-00106886 and i'm not going to tell you the long
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00488-00106888-00107166 story but i started um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00489-00107167-00107343 i'm going to jump around i became a high
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00490-00107344-00107502 school teacher and then from the high
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00491-00107503-00107710 school teacher i started to realize wow
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00492-00107711-00107839 like there are these guys who were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00493-00107840-00108007 taking these classes and everybody said
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00494-00108008-00108143 oh they can program how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00495-00108144-00108310 smart are they and i was teaching the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00496-00108311-00108478 math and i realized
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00497-00108479-00108927 they're not that smart
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00498-00108928-00109151 not that they're not smart they're just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00499-00109152-00109334 it was just exaggerated that if you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00500-00109335-00109407 could program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00501-00109408-00109695 you were like this genius and i was like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00502-00109696-00109823 they're struggling in my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00503-00109824-00110031 class i don't understand why everybody's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00504-00110032-00110247 saying all this so it made me actually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00505-00110248-00110390 and then other students started talking
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00506-00110391-00110558 about the internet and talking about how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00507-00110559-00110663 great it was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00508-00110664-00110847 and they got me kind of hooked on hey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00509-00110848-00111023 maybe i should check it out again
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00510-00111024-00111334 and so what i did was um i i couldn't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00511-00111335-00111519 afford to go back to school so i tried
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00512-00111520-00111678 to take a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00513-00111679-00111919 tech job i loved teaching to get b-tech
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00514-00111920-00112095 i was tech support
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00515-00112096-00112310 and that was an awful experience also
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00516-00112311-00112502 because just the culture
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00517-00112503-00112823 was not so good so like in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00518-00112824-00113143 like in the year 2000 i i left
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00519-00113144-00113319 i was about to leave tech i decided i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00520-00113320-00113495 was you know i'm going to travel through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00521-00113496-00113647 latin america figure out what i want to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00522-00113648-00113719 do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00523-00113720-00113919 and everywhere i went in latin america
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00524-00113920-00114095 no matter how remote i could find an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00525-00114096-00114223 internet cafe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00526-00114224-00114431 and i was like my god this is gonna be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00527-00114432-00114566 big and um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00528-00114567-00114710 and i told them you know i really need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00529-00114711-00114927 to i really need to go back
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00530-00114928-00115239 and so i finally found a company that um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00531-00115240-00115463 needed teaching and so they basically
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00532-00115464-00115583 taught programming
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00533-00115583-00115751 and i said well i'll be your i'll be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00534-00115752-00115927 your coordinator if you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00535-00115928-00116247 let let me teach me pay for my education
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00536-00116248-00116543 and i learn to um to code and can become
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00537-00116544-00116623 a teacher of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00538-00116624-00116839 of programming languages so i it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00539-00116840-00117015 basically like if you can think of um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00540-00117016-00117254 a learning school like the the one week
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00541-00117255-00117415 boot camp saw that that's what i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00542-00117416-00117454 doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00543-00117455-00117766 back in 2005
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00544-00117767-00118063 uh yeah up until about no two thousand
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00545-00118064-00118231 to two thousand five
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00546-00118232-00118375 and then i learned the program all these
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00547-00118376-00118534 languages and i decided i'm gonna start
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00548-00118535-00118702 going to school at night
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00549-00118703-00118934 and i found the same intimidating
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00550-00118935-00119207 atmosphere and i thought to myself this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00551-00119208-00119383 has got to change because i programmed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00552-00119383-00119519 more than all my fact by
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00553-00119520-00119783 the faculty and i'm barely making it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00554-00119783-00119863 because there's so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00555-00119864-00120023 much stuff that's missing here so i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00556-00120024-00120231 like determined to become a faculty
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00557-00120232-00120431 and that's a long story about how that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00558-00120432-00120534 all um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00559-00120535-00120831 almost didn't happen um just because i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00560-00120832-00120871 think
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00561-00120872-00121078 we're way too hard on students in grad
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00562-00121079-00121207 school so those of you who are in grad
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00563-00121208-00121302 school stick with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00564-00121303-00121631 it i know that um it's it it's unfairly
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00565-00121632-00121727 hard
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00566-00121728-00121943 it needs to be nicer in science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00567-00121944-00122047 obviously
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00568-00122048-00122310 more supportive and so i've become a big
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00569-00122311-00122454 advocate about that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00570-00122455-00122766 since then and so i finally um my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00571-00122767-00122934 research though what brought me back to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00572-00122935-00123078 school that made me want to think i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00573-00123079-00123207 wanted to do research
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00574-00123208-00123343 was basically that i was seeing the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00575-00123344-00123599 advances in health and i had wanted
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00576-00123600-00123766 my you know my parents wanted me to be a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00577-00123767-00123951 doctor my whole family is doctor and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00578-00123952-00124110 i was like okay this is a way i could do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00579-00124111-00124271 medicine and computation i couldn't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00580-00124272-00124447 stand the um blood
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00581-00124448-00124678 so i was like uh so let me do like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00582-00124679-00124799 informatics and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00583-00124800-00125102 so that made me go back to do a cs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00584-00125103-00125207 degree
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00585-00125208-00125454 and i didn't think i was going to do the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00586-00125455-00125558 phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00587-00125559-00125839 but i got the phd done and then i got
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00588-00125840-00125934 went on to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00589-00125935-00126239 being a faculty that i thought okay this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00590-00126240-00126343 will be two years
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00591-00126344-00126734 and then and now it's been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00592-00126735-00126934 like nine years that i've been a faculty
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00593-00126935-00127134 i'm an associate professor now
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00594-00127135-00127495 so data science when i did computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00595-00127496-00127734 science nobody was doing data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00596-00127735-00127919 and it was a really big battle to prove
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00597-00127920-00128151 to everybody that i had to use
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00598-00128152-00128463 uh computer science to do data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00599-00128464-00128727 and that this was like a big feel and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00600-00128728-00128854 it's really funny that's part of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00601-00128855-00129047 problem that i had with graduating
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00602-00129048-00129086 because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00603-00129088-00129486 it wasn't a field and and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00604-00129488-00129766 it's funny now that same department has
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00605-00129767-00130078 a data science program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00606-00130079-00130319 and so i'm actually now building a data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00607-00130320-00130414 science program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00608-00130415-00130695 um in at the university of puerto rico
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00609-00130696-00130831 and so one of the things that i think i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00610-00130832-00131031 should tell people is just like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00611-00131032-00131199 sometimes you have visions that people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00612-00131200-00131399 can't see and so because they can't see
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00613-00131400-00131454 it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00614-00131455-00131631 they tell you you're not capable but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00615-00131632-00131823 that's not the case
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00616-00131824-00132127 so there i had my timer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00617-00132128-00132535 done wow thank you so much for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00618-00132536-00132831 sharing that and yes a lot of people can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00619-00132832-00133007 relate to your beginnings and first
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00620-00133008-00133166 exposure designs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00621-00133167-00133351 because it can seem pretty intimidating
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00622-00133352-00133511 from the outside but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00623-00133512-00133678 i think one of the main takeaways is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00624-00133679-00133847 that you know you tried it you made it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00625-00133848-00134023 your own even when it was in its like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00626-00134024-00134214 first emerging stages
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00627-00134215-00134359 um and now you're owning your own data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00628-00134360-00134551 science journeys like a lot of other
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00629-00134552-00134607 people can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00630-00134608-00135014 so thank you and finally martin um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00631-00135015-00135054 please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00632-00135055-00135199 tell us more about your personal
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00633-00135200-00135511 experience and journey with data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00634-00135512-00135678 thank you caitlin and thank you everyone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00635-00135679-00135919 for inviting me to to this panel i'm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00636-00135920-00136023 really delighted to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00637-00136024-00136302 to be a part of this event uh so my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00638-00136303-00136478 journey with data science i would say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00639-00136479-00136647 like in more general terms my journey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00640-00136648-00136711 was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00641-00136712-00136951 with computer science starts i think
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00642-00136952-00137159 sometime in late high school maybe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00643-00137160-00137383 i was third or fourth year in my in high
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00644-00137384-00137575 school i started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00645-00137576-00137902 being to be interested in programming in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00646-00137903-00137959 general
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00647-00137960-00138095 i started learning some programming
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00648-00138096-00138302 languages on my own uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00649-00138303-00138599 but nobody kind of guided me this was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00650-00138600-00138759 kind of like something that they enjoyed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00651-00138760-00138871 doing like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00652-00138872-00139166 in my when when taking some time off and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00653-00139167-00139271 um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00654-00139272-00139423 by the time i finished high school i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00655-00139424-00139654 realized that okay i can i can actually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00656-00139655-00139999 uh do like uh like i could
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00657-00140000-00140287 try to pursue a business degree in this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00658-00140288-00140319 so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00659-00140320-00140631 i uh enrolled uh in the faculty of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00660-00140632-00140863 computer science uh in engineering
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00661-00140864-00141175 in in macedonia in my home country um i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00662-00141176-00141366 did my undergraduate studies there but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00663-00141367-00141599 it was not until my third year of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00664-00141600-00141695 studies
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00665-00141696-00141887 where uh so essentially my the whole
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00666-00141888-00142047 studies were oriented more towards
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00667-00142048-00142247 electrical engineering i would say so i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00668-00142248-00142359 do have like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00669-00142360-00142551 electrical engineering background but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00670-00142552-00142702 towards my third year
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00671-00142703-00142839 in my undergraduate studies i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00672-00142840-00143039 allowed to take more elective courses
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00673-00143040-00143239 so one of the selective courses what was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00674-00143240-00143447 machine learning i took machine learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00675-00143448-00143623 i didn't have any expectations at that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00676-00143624-00143711 at that time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00677-00143712-00144047 but i was kind of amazed by by by the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00678-00144048-00144095 course
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00679-00144096-00144335 um and and moreover by the professor i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00680-00144336-00144511 had a really terrific
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00681-00144512-00144726 i i was fortunate really fortunate to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00682-00144727-00144902 have a perfect professor for for this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00683-00144903-00144951 course
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00684-00144952-00145254 and i was kind of uh impressed by the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00685-00145255-00145366 material it was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00686-00145367-00145735 uh it was like nothing i have ever like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00687-00145736-00145959 like no other cost i have ever taken
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00688-00145960-00146078 right before that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00689-00146079-00146511 so i kind of like my interest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00690-00146512-00146687 kind of drastically shifted towards
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00691-00146688-00146871 towards machine learning can i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00692-00146872-00147095 continue taking related courses such as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00693-00147096-00147311 data mining pattern recognition computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00694-00147312-00147431 vision and so on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00695-00147432-00147575 uh and by the time i finished my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00696-00147576-00147735 undergraduate studies i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00697-00147736-00147990 all i was all i have already decided
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00698-00147991-00148151 that i would like to pursue
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00699-00148152-00148414 like maybe a career like either academic
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00700-00148415-00148487 industrial
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00701-00148488-00148775 in in this direction so at that time um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00702-00148776-00148863 i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00703-00148864-00149231 uh uh i was kind of like on uh i needed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00704-00149232-00149311 to make like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00705-00149312-00149654 pivotal decision whether to kind of uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00706-00149655-00149863 go for a missed master's degree and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00707-00149864-00149966 continue that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00708-00149967-00150302 kind of uh educational educational path
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00709-00150303-00150343 or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00710-00150344-00150654 maybe to take a year or two off and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00711-00150655-00150943 solely do research uh and in that and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00712-00150944-00151159 and by doing so to prepare for maybe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00713-00151160-00151407 directly enrolling in a phd program so i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00714-00151408-00151526 chose the leather
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00715-00151527-00151759 uh i don't know if it was a wise choice
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00716-00151760-00151943 at this point but at that time if it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00717-00151944-00152023 felt like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00718-00152024-00152247 like the right thing to do so i was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00719-00152248-00152351 essentially a part
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00720-00152352-00152607 like i joined the center like i didn't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00721-00152608-00152759 go for a master's degree but the joint
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00722-00152760-00152871 like a center or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00723-00152872-00153078 i would say a lab at the national
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00724-00153079-00153239 academy in my home country
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00725-00153240-00153559 where i was able to do like uh to only
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00726-00153560-00153719 do research with no pressure
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00727-00153720-00153975 for uh for for over the course of a year
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00728-00153976-00154143 and a half or two years i would say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00729-00154144-00154407 so this kind of gave me i would say the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00730-00154408-00154511 the fundamental
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00731-00154512-00154839 research uh skill set that i needed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00732-00154840-00155143 to pursue a phd afterwards so at that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00733-00155144-00155302 point
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00734-00155303-00155551 things started uh kind of happening for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00735-00155552-00155607 me
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00736-00155608-00155878 and i was fortunate enough to to attend
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00737-00155879-00155975 the conference
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00738-00155976-00156207 like in in like in southeastern europe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00739-00156208-00156351 near my home country but the death
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00740-00156352-00156414 conference
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00741-00156415-00156726 my current advisor was was was was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00742-00156727-00156911 was also one of the the main keynote
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00743-00156912-00157166 speakers he was kind of like we started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00744-00157167-00157447 uh uh he was he was interested in my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00745-00157448-00157599 work and i was interested in what he's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00746-00157600-00157743 doing in his lab
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00747-00157744-00158007 so at that time he invited me to to join
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00748-00158008-00158190 first as a vision visiting scholar
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00749-00158191-00158447 at temple university in philadelphia uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00750-00158448-00158511 and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00751-00158512-00158695 right after my visiting scholar program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00752-00158696-00158814 i directly note
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00753-00158815-00159047 like uh in the phd program here at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00754-00159048-00159278 temple university and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00755-00159279-00159511 and since then i have been like a phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00756-00159512-00159623 student for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00757-00159624-00159959 i would say three and a half years now
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00758-00159960-00160207 so i think that would be kind of like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00759-00160208-00160390 some sort of a summary
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00760-00160391-00160687 uh of my my my kind of like my journey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00761-00160688-00160719 with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00762-00160720-00160902 with uh computer science and maybe data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00763-00160903-00161083 science and machine learning in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00764-00161084-00161223 particular
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00765-00161224-00161390 wow your journey is definitely really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00766-00161391-00161566 inspiring and thank you for sharing more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00767-00161567-00161687 about that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00768-00161688-00161871 especially you know you didn't have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00769-00161872-00162007 previous experience with machine
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00770-00162008-00162166 learning but you took a stab at it and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00771-00162167-00162390 that kind of started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00772-00162391-00162551 what got you interested in the field and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00773-00162552-00162783 then after that everything aligns so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00774-00162784-00163102 that's really amazing so great thank you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00775-00163103-00163159 all for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00776-00163160-00163399 sharing more information on you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00777-00163400-00163478 your roles
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00778-00163479-00163783 um and journeys with data science uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00779-00163784-00163999 as someone who's just at the beginning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00780-00164000-00164143 of her data science journey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00781-00164144-00164335 i really appreciated learning about the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00782-00164336-00164463 different routes that you each
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00783-00164464-00164711 took with it and i'm sure so many others
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00784-00164712-00164863 tuned in today feel the same way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00785-00164864-00165126 so thank you for that so our next
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00786-00165127-00165214 question
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00787-00165215-00165431 is in regards to data science for good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00788-00165432-00165607 uh so it's really important that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00789-00165608-00165871 know we try and connect data science to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00790-00165872-00166175 um society and how it can be used in a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00791-00166176-00166390 way that kind of cultivates a better
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00792-00166391-00166495 society
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00793-00166496-00166863 um so how is data science helping people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00794-00166864-00167087 um in your own kind of specialties and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00795-00167088-00167175 how can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00796-00167176-00167366 you apply data science to other realms
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00797-00167367-00167535 of study and expertise
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00798-00167536-00167711 um so let's start this question off with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00799-00167712-00167854 jason
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00800-00167855-00167999 we'd love to hear more about how your
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00801-00168000-00168143 occupation as a biologist kind of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00802-00168144-00168343 intersects with data science to complete
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00803-00168344-00168623 a bigger impact
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00804-00168624-00168895 thank you again for that question ellie
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00805-00168896-00168943 um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00806-00168944-00169287 i think the last year with the pandemic
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00807-00169288-00169543 you know we're hoping that we can not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00808-00169544-00169614 talk about it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00809-00169615-00169807 so much but it's still a reality of life
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00810-00169808-00169959 but it's an excellent example
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00811-00169960-00170175 of actually the application of data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00812-00170176-00170271 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00813-00170272-00170511 um and and the use of data science and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00814-00170512-00170575 in fact
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00815-00170576-00170895 um really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00816-00170896-00171151 uh it's it's hard to imagine things
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00817-00171152-00171326 coming together so quickly where we're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00818-00171327-00171535 at the point of having a vaccine
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00819-00171536-00171838 um if this had happened uh even you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00820-00171839-00171975 10 years ago
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00821-00171976-00172326 or 15 years ago in the sense that data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00822-00172327-00172575 has been such a big part of how we have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00823-00172576-00172678 been able
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00824-00172679-00173014 um to come up with solutions and be able
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00825-00173015-00173263 to understand what's going on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00826-00173264-00173383 there are many different ways that i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00827-00173384-00173647 could argue or or make my point about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00828-00173648-00173726 that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00829-00173727-00173919 but the one that occurs to me first is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00830-00173920-00174095 to actually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00831-00174096-00174487 uh talk about the idea of data literacy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00832-00174488-00174678 and the idea of open science and open
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00833-00174679-00174838 data because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00834-00174839-00175207 uh what we see at um the level or in my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00835-00175208-00175359 field in my discipline yes they're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00836-00175360-00175638 people who are a little bit more skilled
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00837-00175639-00175854 in terms of their use and understanding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00838-00175855-00175975 of data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00839-00175976-00176278 but very broadly everybody whether they
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00840-00176279-00176326 have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00841-00176327-00176654 um particular data science skills or not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00842-00176655-00176838 is aware that we need to be able to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00843-00176839-00177111 share data in order for it to have value
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00844-00177112-00177278 and understand what the sharing of that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00845-00177279-00177438 data means so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00846-00177439-00177638 for those people depending on where
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00847-00177639-00177878 you've looked at what you've read
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00848-00177879-00178063 we might be reluctant to call microsoft
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00849-00178064-00178238 word document data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00850-00178239-00178575 which is fine um but uh really within
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00851-00178576-00178926 uh the first moments of the the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00852-00178927-00179254 uh sars virus genome being sequenced in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00853-00179255-00179511 china it was put in a word document
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00854-00179512-00179735 and it was sent to people who were able
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00855-00179736-00179863 to start it right away
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00856-00179864-00180143 in thinking about the vaccine uh as a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00857-00180144-00180295 biopharmacion there would be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00858-00180296-00180535 some a little bit more care applied to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00859-00180536-00180671 how i would handle that data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00860-00180672-00180863 but the point is is that everybody in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00861-00180864-00181071 the community realized
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00862-00181072-00181302 that having that data accessible and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00863-00181303-00181431 having it open
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00864-00181432-00181687 uh was really important and so i would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00865-00181688-00181943 argue at the at the outermost layer of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00866-00181944-00182183 you know data science expertise is at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00867-00182184-00182271 the center
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00868-00182272-00182631 just awareness of data is at the edge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00869-00182632-00182863 one important role of data science for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00870-00182864-00182943 good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00871-00182944-00183199 um has been the push to make things open
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00872-00183200-00183423 and the push to make things accessible
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00873-00183424-00183623 which in turn led to sort of people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00874-00183624-00183726 understanding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00875-00183727-00183935 um natively that oh yeah i need to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00876-00183936-00184078 able to share this and other people need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00877-00184079-00184231 to be able to work on this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00878-00184232-00184583 and at the same time um sort of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00879-00184584-00184814 field of biology was divided into people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00880-00184815-00185031 who could actively work on the date on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00881-00185032-00185102 the um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00882-00185103-00185383 biological problems so working in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00883-00185384-00185431 lab
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00884-00185432-00185623 but also those people who may not have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00885-00185624-00185750 been able to work at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00886-00185751-00185966 in the lab oftentimes because the lab
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00887-00185967-00186071 was shut down
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00888-00186072-00186295 but from home they were able to work on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00889-00186296-00186535 the data and so immediately
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00890-00186536-00186895 what you saw at um nih were information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00891-00186896-00187054 portals going up for biologists saying
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00892-00187055-00187223 okay here's the latest release of this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00893-00187224-00187366 sequence here's the latest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00894-00187367-00187663 release of these tools so that lots of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00895-00187664-00187799 people could start working on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00896-00187800-00188007 problems and people who didn't have that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00897-00188008-00188183 expertise could combine with people who
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00898-00188184-00188350 did have that expertise
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00899-00188351-00188695 and also um that idea of openness is is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00900-00188696-00188911 very much now in publication
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00901-00188912-00189183 so we here at cold spring harbor have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00902-00189184-00189278 something called
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00903-00189279-00189495 the bioarchive which is a pre-print
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00904-00189496-00189583 server which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00905-00189584-00189847 allows uh scientists to publish their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00906-00189848-00189959 data and results
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00907-00189960-00190190 before they've been peer reviewed and it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00908-00190191-00190383 got a lot of pushback at the beginning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00909-00190384-00190559 um because you know people thought
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00910-00190560-00190759 that's not traditional even though
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00911-00190760-00190990 uh yes businesses have been doing it for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00912-00190991-00191102 for a long time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00913-00191103-00191287 but actually the first pre-print servers
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00914-00191288-00191511 were biologists at nih
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00915-00191512-00191671 even decades earlier although it just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00916-00191672-00191902 never took on but here it was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00917-00191903-00192271 thousands of papers that were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00918-00192272-00192550 immediately published and giving people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00919-00192551-00192590 the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00920-00192591-00192847 the ability to work quickly and relate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00921-00192848-00192990 in relation to whatever the latest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00922-00192991-00193143 results and findings were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00923-00193144-00193335 so i'd argue a really large percent of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00924-00193336-00193583 that was enabled by open data and then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00925-00193584-00193735 also
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00926-00193736-00193975 um i'm gonna stop talking a minute but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00927-00193976-00194111 there's so many stories
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00928-00194112-00194383 uh if you think about it the response to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00929-00194384-00194543 the united states government
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00930-00194544-00194766 was not as coordinated as people might
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00931-00194767-00194863 have wanted
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00932-00194864-00195102 and but the fact that the data were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00933-00195103-00195214 available
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00934-00195215-00195407 meant that data scientists all over the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00935-00195408-00195599 country could probe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00936-00195600-00195807 and look at what was available because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00937-00195808-00195975 certain states were releasing certain
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00938-00195976-00196111 things or even certain
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00939-00196112-00196350 municipalities and towns or releasing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00940-00196351-00196414 data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00941-00196415-00196623 and others might not have been and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00942-00196624-00196807 savvy data scientists were able to put
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00943-00196808-00196919 together clues
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00944-00196920-00197102 and make important available data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00945-00197103-00197302 available to people who are making
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00946-00197303-00197502 health and policy decisions even in some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00947-00197503-00197663 cases when the cdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00948-00197664-00197847 was not in a position to make those data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00949-00197848-00198095 available so again that shows the power
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00950-00198096-00198254 of openness in the open
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00951-00198255-00198559 science and open data movement the final
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00952-00198560-00198695 thing that i'll say about it is that of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00953-00198696-00198943 course the story is not all good right
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00954-00198944-00199223 because they're also stories i don't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00955-00199224-00199471 think that they were really substantial
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00956-00199472-00199743 but of people who were data scientists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00957-00199744-00199950 and who were commenting on things
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00958-00199951-00200150 that really they didn't have the domain
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00959-00200151-00200343 expertise to comment on and so they may
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00960-00200344-00200543 have reached erroneous conclusions
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00961-00200544-00200702 uh because they didn't understand the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00962-00200703-00200854 underlying data even though they were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00963-00200855-00200966 quite capable
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00964-00200967-00201175 to make figures and analyses and graphs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00965-00201176-00201271 and and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00966-00201272-00201438 and things like that so it's a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00967-00201439-00201719 double-edged sword um and it does speak
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00968-00201720-00202054 to the value of um always
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00969-00202055-00202295 ensuring that the prac that you know if
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00970-00202296-00202454 you want to talk about data science for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00971-00202455-00202535 good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00972-00202536-00202766 i think it can never be good alone it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00973-00202767-00202863 has to come
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00974-00202864-00203135 with thoughtfulness and collaboration in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00975-00203136-00203278 order for you to really achieve that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00976-00203279-00203399 maximum good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00977-00203400-00203671 uh so that's a message to everybody uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00978-00203672-00203823 to not go it alone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00979-00203824-00204031 uh in in the world of data science even
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00980-00204032-00204190 if somebody's asking you to really to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00981-00204191-00204311 seek out
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00982-00204312-00204535 other points of view other expertise so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00983-00204536-00204671 that you really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00984-00204672-00204855 have understandings and perspectives on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00985-00204856-00205079 the data in a way that can really allow
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00986-00205080-00205455 you to do the best work with it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00987-00205456-00205638 thank you jason it's really great that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00988-00205639-00205823 you brought up you know the push to make
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00989-00205823-00206031 things open and accessible in data and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00990-00206032-00206175 it's interesting to hear the things that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00991-00206176-00206342 you've already worked on to kind of move
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00992-00206344-00206534 away from the gatekeeping of data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00993-00206535-00206582 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00994-00206583-00206823 and um it's really interesting that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00995-00206823-00207014 know covid has in a way been like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00996-00207015-00207246 catalyst for more transparency
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00997-00207248-00207438 which is really important in the growth
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00998-00207439-00207766 and expansion of this field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-00999-00207767-00207919 patricia would you like to tell us more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01000-00207919-00208071 about your experience and how it relates
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01001-00208071-00208846 to data science for good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01002-00208848-00209142 yes i i just want to echo it um uh jason
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01003-00209144-00209286 mentioned because um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01004-00209287-00209471 i'll tell you a story about not having
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01005-00209471-00209598 access and how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01006-00209600-00209894 data science can actually uh to data um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01007-00209896-00210239 and how it actually affected puerto rico
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01008-00210240-00210423 because we had data scientists off the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01009-00210423-00210639 island that could
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01010-00210640-00210871 get a group of people uh together to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01011-00210871-00211023 work together
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01012-00211023-00211271 and and come up with a mortality rate um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01013-00211271-00211423 so after
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01014-00211423-00211727 hurricane uh or the death a death
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01015-00211728-00211942 an estimated death toll is what it is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01016-00211944-00212119 using mortality rates
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01017-00212119-00212358 um and so basically what happened during
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01018-00212359-00212455 hurricane maria
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01019-00212456-00212575 i don't know if you heard that the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01020-00212576-00212823 numbers of number of deaths everyone on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01021-00212823-00213015 the island basically knew that there was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01022-00213016-00213071 no way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01023-00213071-00213327 given the the impact that those numbers
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01024-00213328-00213391 were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01025-00213392-00213758 were possible um and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01026-00213759-00214039 the data was not made public and so what
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01027-00214040-00214191 data science was able to do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01028-00214192-00214534 was it was um basically scientists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01029-00214535-00214887 started uh realizing hey what can we do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01030-00214888-00214958 now
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01031-00214959-00215134 to try and fix this and this is where we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01032-00215135-00215255 talk about the the need for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01033-00215256-00215487 collaboration it was actually a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01034-00215488-00215751 psychologist a woman carolyn buckley who
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01035-00215752-00215927 started like worrying about what was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01036-00215928-00216079 happening in puerto rico because the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01037-00216080-00216246 death toll wasn't great
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01038-00216248-00216606 um she's a she's a psycholo
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01039-00216607-00216982 social psychologist at um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01040-00216983-00217263 in harvard and she basically started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01041-00217264-00217431 contacting and realizing something was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01042-00217432-00217610 off so she went to then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01043-00217611-00217879 rafael at harvard who was a biostation
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01044-00217880-00217958 and said
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01045-00217959-00218191 hey we need to do something about this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01046-00218192-00218439 and so they got together a big team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01047-00218440-00218687 that required first of all some design
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01048-00218688-00218894 thinking to figure out how in the world
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01049-00218896-00219039 are we going to get this data because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01050-00219040-00219246 nobody is giving it to us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01051-00219248-00219558 and um and then they basically did a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01052-00219559-00219615 survey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01053-00219616-00219919 throughout puerto rico to try and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01054-00219919-00220103 like through these health surveys so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01055-00220104-00220255 they had to basically
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01056-00220256-00220423 collaborate with psychologists that were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01057-00220423-00220567 on the fields trying to figure out the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01058-00220567-00220694 health of everyone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01059-00220696-00220991 um what is an estimated and estimate the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01060-00220992-00221215 death toll and they had to do statistics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01061-00221216-00221439 to to calculate that and they had to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01062-00221440-00221623 look at the rate of change
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01063-00221623-00221758 to figure that out and they had to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01064-00221759-00221975 compare it to previous years
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01065-00221976-00222239 to basically prove that the the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01066-00222240-00222455 estimated death toll
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01067-00222456-00222791 um based on these surveys was way higher
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01068-00222792-00222967 than what was being reported like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01069-00222967-00223158 thousand times higher like three
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01070-00223159-00223358 thousand actually the number was four
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01071-00223359-00223406 thousand
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01072-00223407-00223655 six hundred and forty five and i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01073-00223656-00223855 remember that number because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01074-00223856-00224142 after hurricane maria maybe a lot of you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01075-00224144-00224198 don't realize
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01076-00224200-00224351 this but there was a there were huge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01077-00224352-00224551 protests about um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01078-00224552-00224823 against the governor uh as a result of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01079-00224823-00224863 this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01080-00224864-00225191 uh this this um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01081-00225192-00225391 then the inaccuracy with the numbers and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01082-00225392-00225598 they actually it forced the governor to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01083-00225600-00225910 release the data and and then also
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01084-00225911-00226231 forced uh it also forced the the the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01085-00226232-00226319 idea of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01086-00226319-00226710 um okay now they have to do a survey
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01087-00226711-00226887 so they had to actually give the data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01088-00226888-00227110 but they only gave it to a certain team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01089-00227111-00227255 so they still went ahead and did the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01090-00227256-00227487 calculation um and then once
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01091-00227488-00227710 the data was made public they could come
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01092-00227711-00227823 up with a better
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01093-00227823-00228063 uh number but that number of four
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01094-00228064-00228206 thousand it was really like three
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01095-00228207-00228287 thousand which was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01096-00228288-00228567 actually what the the both teams came up
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01097-00228567-00228598 with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01098-00228600-00228863 eventually but that they came closer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01099-00228864-00229006 than what the government was saying
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01100-00229007-00229263 which they were saying 55 at that time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01101-00229264-00229494 i mean that just just huge and so i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01102-00229496-00229646 think it's it's data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01103-00229648-00229887 science for good in that sense um at the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01104-00229888-00229958 end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01105-00229959-00230263 uh that number uh sparked
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01106-00230264-00230519 you know so many people angered so many
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01107-00230519-00230719 people that when a chat came out about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01108-00230719-00230855 the governor
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01109-00230856-00231087 where it showed that he knew and he was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01110-00231088-00231198 kind of like mocking
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01111-00231200-00231503 mortality that you know cadavers is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01112-00231504-00231798 you know on the stacking up in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01113-00231800-00231903 morgue
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01114-00231904-00232231 and he was overthrown
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01115-00232232-00232415 not overthrown he was forced to resign
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01116-00232416-00232631 it's not overthrown he was forced to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01117-00232632-00232967 to resign because people were so upset
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01118-00232967-00233175 um and it was like two weeks of protest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01119-00233176-00233415 so it just shows you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01120-00233416-00233742 the importance of having open data um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01121-00233744-00234006 and then the power of data science and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01122-00234007-00234223 the power of collaboration
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01123-00234223-00234551 um to to be able to do that so that was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01124-00234552-00234767 people off the island that were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01125-00234767-00234982 collaborating with people on the island
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01126-00234983-00235182 um completely you know different
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01127-00235183-00235294 disciplines
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01128-00235296-00235494 coming together uh to do that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01129-00235496-00235623 publication
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01130-00235623-00235871 and and they also had a peer-reviewed so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01131-00235871-00236071 that it would have validity
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01132-00236071-00236303 and so then it just shows you a lot of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01133-00236304-00236519 the importance of the entire process and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01134-00236519-00236567 on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01135-00236567-00236871 and every step of the of data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01136-00236871-00237039 there and then i mean it's data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01137-00237040-00237231 for good because at the end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01138-00237232-00237519 it's making data more accessible and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01139-00237519-00237558 it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01140-00237559-00237919 it's uh it's forcing uh governments to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01141-00237919-00238239 to to do that to to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01142-00238240-00238558 share the data um and so i think that's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01143-00238559-00238863 that's a great step wow
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01144-00238864-00239063 what really resonates with me with that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01145-00239064-00239223 is and i'm sure others is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01146-00239223-00239471 just like how essential access is in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01147-00239471-00239631 bridging data science for society
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01148-00239632-00239839 especially at times of catastrophes
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01149-00239840-00240023 um so thank you for sharing more about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01150-00240023-00240191 about that experience
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01151-00240192-00240551 um and now i'd like to pass it off to my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01152-00240552-00240742 co-moderator fouru who will ask the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01153-00240744-00240863 panelists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01154-00240864-00241063 questions regarding career development
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01155-00241064-00241287 yeah thank you hayley
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01156-00241288-00241534 um based on the information that's been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01157-00241535-00241719 shared by all the panelists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01158-00241719-00242039 it's it's fascinating how you can have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01159-00242040-00242303 various career paths and then also end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01160-00242304-00242527 up in doing different things
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01161-00242528-00242815 uh related to data science a question
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01162-00242816-00242967 that comes to mind
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01163-00242967-00243255 um is you know if you could provide from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01164-00243256-00243398 your perspective
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01165-00243400-00243719 some existing job opportunities
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01166-00243719-00244127 um as well as your perspectives for the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01167-00244128-00244198 future
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01168-00244200-00244494 of data science jobs and highlight
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01169-00244496-00244558 trends
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01170-00244559-00244871 in data science that students should be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01171-00244871-00245063 aware of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01172-00245064-00245375 including some top key emerging research
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01173-00245376-00245703 areas um sanjay if you could uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01174-00245704-00246030 start and then martin please provide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01175-00246031-00246191 some comments as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01176-00246192-00246534 thank you thank you so much farooq but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01177-00246535-00246823 definitely i would like to share how my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01178-00246823-00246967 journey has been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01179-00246967-00247223 in finding internships and my full-time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01180-00247223-00247446 job as a data scientist
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01181-00247448-00247751 so traditionally you know that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01182-00247752-00248023 we go on a website search for a job and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01183-00248023-00248239 then send them a resume and then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01184-00248240-00248582 wait eagerly for them to contact us but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01185-00248583-00248855 uh in my route i have taken some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01186-00248856-00249039 unconventional routes
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01187-00249040-00249358 and first let me start off with how i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01188-00249359-00249398 got
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01189-00249400-00249663 my internships so during the course of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01190-00249664-00249863 my master's i did my internships with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01191-00249864-00250142 adobe and ernst young so let me give you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01192-00250144-00250279 a story on how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01193-00250280-00250751 i actually landed in those internships
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01194-00250752-00250910 coming from a mechanical engineering
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01195-00250911-00251079 background i did not have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01196-00251080-00251319 anything related to data science on my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01197-00251319-00251423 resume
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01198-00251423-00251751 so before i graduated my before i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01199-00251752-00251846 graduate my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01200-00251848-00252039 motive was to get some experience of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01201-00252040-00252246 data science on my resume so that i can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01202-00252248-00252415 be prepared when the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01203-00252416-00252710 employers come for campus placement and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01204-00252711-00252839 stuff like that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01205-00252840-00253191 so um one unconventional thing which i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01206-00253192-00253334 did is i chose my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01207-00253335-00253655 electives very carefully and i chose
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01208-00253656-00253775 electives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01209-00253776-00254119 where they provided a capstone project
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01210-00254119-00254423 with an organization or a firm now these
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01211-00254423-00254551 capstone projects
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01212-00254552-00254846 are not paid they are unpaid but what
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01213-00254848-00254927 they give you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01214-00254928-00255127 is the knowledge as well as some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01215-00255128-00255310 experience that you can portray on your
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01216-00255311-00255430 resume
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01217-00255431-00255815 so we ended up doing a project for adobe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01218-00255816-00256046 and we put a team of five and we were
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01219-00256048-00256223 given a business problem to solve for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01220-00256223-00256263 them
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01221-00256264-00256479 and we presented our results to them
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01222-00256480-00256615 they were quite impressed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01223-00256616-00256887 and did offer all the team five all the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01224-00256888-00256942 five
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01225-00256944-00257215 members a former internship at their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01226-00257216-00257334 office
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01227-00257335-00257630 so literally like no resume was involved
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01228-00257631-00257687 no
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01229-00257688-00257975 no painting was involved it was just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01230-00257976-00258087 proving yourself
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01231-00258088-00258398 directly to uh the employers
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01232-00258400-00258710 who who just were expecting a project
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01233-00258711-00258830 from you but then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01234-00258831-00259039 you showed them your value and they in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01235-00259040-00259287 turn return their favor by providing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01236-00259288-00259446 them providing you an internship
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01237-00259448-00259623 so these are some things to look for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01238-00259623-00259782 your capstone projects are very
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01239-00259783-00259991 important and this especially
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01240-00259992-00260215 an advice for people who are pursuing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01241-00260216-00260319 their degrees
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01242-00260319-00260423 right now who are in their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01243-00260423-00260663 undergraduates or a graduate degree
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01244-00260664-00260863 try to get some if you're looking for a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01245-00260864-00261055 data science practical experience then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01246-00261056-00261287 this is one way of getting it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01247-00261288-00261471 and another interesting story i would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01248-00261471-00261606 like to share is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01249-00261607-00261942 how i ended up getting my full-time job
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01250-00261944-00262158 and this was actually an unconventional
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01251-00262159-00262279 route as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01252-00262280-00262599 so um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01253-00262600-00262823 whenever we choose our first boyfriend
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01254-00262824-00263047 or girlfriend we try to you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01255-00263048-00263319 date them by their looks and whether
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01256-00263320-00263479 they're handsome or not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01257-00263480-00263719 so and so that is what the like that was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01258-00263720-00263887 the first thing i used to see
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01259-00263888-00264175 but how do employers judge employees
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01260-00264176-00264375 right how do they know about you how do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01261-00264376-00264534 they know about the skills that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01262-00264535-00264630 possess
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01263-00264631-00264855 it's your linkedin profile that makes a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01264-00264856-00264951 difference
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01265-00264952-00265223 your linkedin profile states everything
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01266-00265224-00265399 so make sure you update your linkedin
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01267-00265400-00265599 profile before even trying to apply for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01268-00265600-00265695 jobs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01269-00265696-00266071 and sharing my own story so i updated my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01270-00266072-00266327 linkedin profile i was about to graduate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01271-00266328-00266647 and everything and then i came across i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01272-00266648-00266806 started following some pages
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01273-00266807-00267143 at some organizations and some people um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01274-00267144-00267375 whom i really saw that my thoughts
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01275-00267376-00267455 aligned with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01276-00267456-00267823 and some data science pioneers etc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01277-00267824-00268087 and then there was this one post from a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01278-00268088-00268263 manager from ibm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01279-00268264-00268495 who is my current manager and then she
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01280-00268496-00268639 posted a role
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01281-00268640-00268847 stating the responsibilities of the role
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01282-00268848-00269055 and what skills that she's looking for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01283-00269056-00269358 etc etc then i looked at the description
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01284-00269359-00269558 of the role in that linkedin post and i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01285-00269559-00269679 really saw
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01286-00269680-00269991 myself being aligned with that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01287-00269992-00270303 i saw the skill set that basically i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01288-00270304-00270399 just saw myself
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01289-00270400-00270679 a great fit for that role but how do i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01290-00270680-00270879 convey this to her
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01291-00270880-00271063 i mean should i just send her a message
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01292-00271064-00271255 should i just send her my resume will i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01293-00271256-00271375 sound desperate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01294-00271376-00271567 all these thoughts were going on but i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01295-00271568-00271767 just sent her a message saying that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01296-00271768-00271967 i came across this post and i really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01297-00271968-00272199 feel that you know i might be a good fit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01298-00272200-00272367 when you have some time please take a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01299-00272368-00272543 look at my profile
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01300-00272544-00272815 and let me know if you find me good fit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01301-00272816-00272919 or not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01302-00272920-00273182 and i did not get a reply until 15 days
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01303-00273183-00273310 i was patient enough
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01304-00273311-00273510 didn't keep bombarding her with emails
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01305-00273511-00273615 or anything
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01306-00273616-00273895 but after 15 days i received an email
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01307-00273896-00273991 saying that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01308-00273992-00274182 okay sanjin i went through your profile
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01309-00274183-00274375 it looks good why don't you go ahead and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01310-00274376-00274599 send me your resume
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01311-00274600-00274791 and that's how things started and right
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01312-00274792-00274975 now i'm at ibm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01313-00274976-00275319 so this did not involve a recruiter it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01314-00275320-00275423 directly involved
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01315-00275424-00275679 a manager and an employee directly
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01316-00275680-00275823 connecting on linkedin
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01317-00275824-00276087 so linkedin is a powerful platform which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01318-00276088-00276334 can connect you with leaders out there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01319-00276335-00276534 uh who are looking for you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01320-00276535-00276743 employees that fit the job roles that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01321-00276744-00276847 they are looking for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01322-00276848-00277158 so make use of linkedin as much as you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01323-00277159-00277287 can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01324-00277288-00277623 and another um another
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01325-00277624-00277815 important uh subject which i would like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01326-00277816-00277951 to bring up is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01327-00277952-00278127 since the time i've joined ibm which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01328-00278128-00278263 which has been one year i've been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01329-00278264-00278415 working on developing curriculum in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01330-00278416-00278679 field of data science and ai
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01331-00278680-00278910 and the research area that is happening
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01332-00278911-00279071 right now in the field of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01333-00279072-00279406 ai is the trustworthy ai
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01334-00279407-00279599 so as you all know ai plays a very
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01335-00279600-00279806 important role in solving problems which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01336-00279807-00280119 is stated clearly by jason and patricia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01337-00280120-00280358 but you have to know that it is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01338-00280359-00280519 important to use ray
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01339-00280520-00280919 to construct and to use ai responsibly
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01340-00280920-00281167 so there are pillars of trust that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01341-00281168-00281223 need to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01342-00281224-00281439 concentrate on while building air
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01343-00281440-00281727 technology or using ai technology
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01344-00281728-00282047 so um that is like an happening
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01345-00282048-00282206 area right now so if you want to know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01346-00282207-00282415 more about this area do check out the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01347-00282416-00282727 trustworthy ai research from ibm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01348-00282728-00283110 on the website and apart from that one
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01349-00283111-00283239 other thing i want to say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01350-00283240-00283599 is often we try to be desperate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01351-00283600-00283943 in finding a job and that is common that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01352-00283944-00284151 is human tendency i have been desperate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01353-00284152-00284439 in finding a job but in that process
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01354-00284440-00284487 don't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01355-00284488-00284743 try and apply to thousands of jobs out
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01356-00284744-00284943 there just trying your luck
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01357-00284944-00285191 see if that anyone will click if i just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01358-00285192-00285358 applied a thousand hoping that one will
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01359-00285359-00285510 click
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01360-00285511-00285743 choose your job don't let the job choose
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01361-00285744-00285815 you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01362-00285816-00286079 try to build your skills and roles
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01363-00286080-00286334 according to the job that you want
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01364-00286335-00286606 and try to chase it rather than you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01365-00286607-00286751 just trying your luck
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01366-00286752-00287215 so with that i just want to close thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01367-00287216-00287351 you sanja
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01368-00287352-00287639 um it's it's clear that it takes some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01369-00287640-00287903 creativity in identifying opportunities
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01370-00287904-00288063 but also it takes planning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01371-00288064-00288310 on understanding what what it is that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01372-00288311-00288439 interests
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01373-00288440-00288847 someone and um using your network
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01374-00288848-00289175 as you did um your people network as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01375-00289176-00289230 well as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01376-00289231-00289534 using uh linkedin and uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01377-00289535-00289854 also um uh gaining knowledge and and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01378-00289855-00289958 experience
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01379-00289959-00290167 identifying ways that you can gain a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01380-00290168-00290351 knowledge and experience to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01381-00290352-00290534 marketable
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01382-00290535-00290771 martin could you please provide your
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01383-00290772-00291023 perspectives um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01384-00291024-00291334 if you could focus in on uh specifically
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01385-00291335-00291751 you know the masters versus phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01386-00291752-00292206 um as you went through your your process
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01387-00292207-00292703 um is is it worth it to have a phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01388-00292704-00292934 thank you thank you for all so that's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01389-00292935-00293087 kind of like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01390-00293088-00293358 question that once one becomes a phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01391-00293359-00293430 student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01392-00293431-00293639 asks repetitively throughout his
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01393-00293640-00293863 community whether this is worth it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01394-00293864-00294247 exactly so i would say um i i definitely
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01395-00294248-00294382 don't and i don't think like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01396-00294383-00294671 like uh somebody has like a really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01397-00294672-00294871 definite answer to that question
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01398-00294872-00295119 uh but i would say it's more of like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01399-00295120-00295191 subjective
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01400-00295192-00295447 individual question rather than maybe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01401-00295448-00295599 like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01402-00295600-00295767 question that can be like objectively
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01403-00295768-00295951 answered so i would say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01404-00295952-00296134 uh that the answer of that question is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01405-00296135-00296375 still individual i think each of us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01406-00296376-00296751 if if somebody uh like uh is trying to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01407-00296752-00296943 to make this decision in the in in their
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01408-00296944-00297087 lives i would say that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01409-00297088-00297423 they should like maybe first
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01410-00297424-00297734 just see whether uh whether they would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01411-00297735-00297943 they will enjoy what they will be doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01412-00297944-00298071 throughout their phd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01413-00298072-00298367 so i know it sounds kind of uh obvious
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01414-00298368-00298439 but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01415-00298440-00298743 but i think uh that would be that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01416-00298744-00298895 that's kind of like that was my only
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01417-00298896-00299047 guide when i was deciding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01418-00299048-00299239 whether to go for a master's degree or a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01419-00299240-00299375 kind of maybe spent
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01420-00299376-00299591 because in my case i i had the decision
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01421-00299592-00299767 of going for a master's degree
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01422-00299768-00300110 or or or because i but at the same time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01423-00300111-00300191 i couldn't like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01424-00300192-00300343 make the decision before between a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01425-00300344-00300575 master's and a phd because i didn't have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01426-00300576-00300934 the i wasn't prepared for a phd i had
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01427-00300935-00301063 maybe i had a good gpa for my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01428-00301064-00301223 undergraduate studies but it was not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01429-00301224-00301463 enough to know in a phd program i also
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01430-00301464-00301519 needed to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01431-00301520-00301839 like get again some research skills and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01432-00301840-00302006 at the same time to maybe have some some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01433-00302007-00302167 publications so that i'm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01434-00302168-00302399 i have higher chances to be admitted at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01435-00302400-00302654 the phd program so i decided to kind of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01436-00302655-00302863 sacrifice one or two years instead of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01437-00302864-00303030 doing a master's degree to kind of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01438-00303031-00303391 do only research uh and this was and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01439-00303392-00303567 this was worth it for annoying in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01440-00303568-00303927 phd program but then of course
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01441-00303928-00304191 once i was a you know then like a whole
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01442-00304192-00304247 different
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01443-00304248-00304558 journey started so i would say uh uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01444-00304559-00304775 i would say like i would ask myself like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01445-00304776-00304879 the question
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01446-00304880-00305167 whether in case i know in a phd program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01447-00305168-00305263 whether
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01448-00305264-00305454 this whether i would think of it as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01449-00305455-00305615 something that uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01450-00305616-00305895 oh this will last for like maybe five or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01451-00305896-00306039 six years
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01452-00306040-00306295 uh i i can't wait for this to be over so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01453-00306296-00306510 that i get the benefits of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01454-00306511-00306734 of obtaining my phd so in that case i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01455-00306735-00306934 would suggest maybe to take a step like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01456-00306935-00307134 to take a break and think about whether
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01457-00307135-00307430 whether a phd is the right choice but if
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01458-00307431-00307510 you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01459-00307511-00307734 and if you enjoy doing research and if
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01460-00307735-00307999 you in that case i think it would not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01461-00308000-00308295 uh uh uh in that case i think it would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01462-00308296-00308406 not be such a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01463-00308407-00308703 uh burden to maybe spend a couple of a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01464-00308704-00308847 couple of years like uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01465-00308848-00309063 doing research research because i think
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01466-00309064-00309151 those years will
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01467-00309152-00309430 fly by like really fast if you if you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01468-00309431-00309639 really if you really enjoy doing that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01469-00309640-00309839 of course the i would just briefly say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01470-00309840-00310023 like of course there are certain
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01471-00310024-00310230 i would say advantages of of of doing a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01472-00310231-00310406 phd because afterwards
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01473-00310407-00310599 uh afterwards of course in terms of jobs
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01474-00310600-00310710 and opportunities
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01475-00310711-00310910 there are certain positions at which you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01476-00310911-00311071 can apply only
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01477-00311072-00311215 especially research positions in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01478-00311216-00311399 industry um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01479-00311400-00311671 uh because like if you categorize them
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01480-00311672-00311823 in engineering and research positions
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01481-00311824-00312023 research positions especially require
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01482-00312024-00312230 having a phd is kind of like a normal
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01483-00312231-00312415 prerequisite for these positions
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01484-00312416-00312743 so in that sense i think like doing a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01485-00312744-00312871 phd is worth it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01486-00312872-00313095 or if you want to pursue of course an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01487-00313096-00313223 academic career in that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01488-00313224-00313534 in that case it's a it's a must do but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01489-00313535-00313839 but if if if somebody already has like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01490-00313840-00314119 really clear idea of of their career
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01491-00314120-00314191 path
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01492-00314192-00314519 and they see themselves in in industry
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01493-00314520-00314823 maybe uh at a position oriented towards
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01494-00314824-00315030 maybe development or engineering
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01495-00315031-00315206 in that case i would definitely suggest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01496-00315207-00315439 uh pursuing a master's degree
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01497-00315440-00315775 and and uh like starting your job search
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01498-00315776-00316110 yeah yeah thank you so much it's it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01499-00316111-00316199 obvious that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01500-00316200-00316567 uh gaining the phd um provides
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01501-00316568-00316806 additional opportunities specifically in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01502-00316807-00317015 the area of research and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01503-00317016-00317327 working in academia and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01504-00317328-00317695 so it really all depends on what
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01505-00317696-00318047 interests the individual um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01506-00318048-00318375 thank you to all of the panelists um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01507-00318376-00318582 and again we will have additional
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01508-00318583-00318758 opportunity for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01509-00318759-00319110 um questions uh after the formal program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01510-00319111-00319423 ends at 4 pm at this point i would like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01511-00319424-00319551 to welcome back
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01512-00319552-00319863 um co-moderator hailey stewart
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01513-00319864-00320047 to take us through the next part of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01514-00320048-00320327 program
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01515-00320328-00320567 thank you furu and thank you all
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01516-00320568-00320806 panelists um for everything that you've
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01517-00320807-00321087 shared with us truly um insightful and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01518-00321088-00321247 super helpful
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01519-00321248-00321471 um so abhishek could you please reshare
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01520-00321472-00322254 the slides with everyone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01521-00322255-00322527 and you can go on there we go so we're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01522-00322528-00322639 delighted that the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01523-00322640-00322927 nscc can provide free online resources
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01524-00322928-00322958 for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01525-00322959-00323143 learners and educators of all ages and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01526-00323144-00323367 backgrounds uh we have the learner
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01527-00323368-00323591 central where you can learn more about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01528-00323592-00323815 data science fundamentals based on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01529-00323816-00323895 difficulty
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01530-00323896-00324119 so the content ranges from data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01531-00324120-00324382 ethics all the way to programming
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01532-00324383-00324630 and then there's educators page so for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01533-00324631-00324782 educators in high school
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01534-00324783-00325079 college or for library programs we've
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01535-00325080-00325143 included
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01536-00325144-00325447 videos presentations lecture notes and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01537-00325448-00325767 code examples from ibm uc berkeley
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01538-00325768-00326071 mit and other organizations to help you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01539-00326072-00326282 build a comprehensive data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01540-00326283-00326415 curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01541-00326416-00326687 then there's the volunteer video library
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01542-00326688-00326767 which is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01543-00326768-00327047 pretty new it's for both learners and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01544-00327048-00327151 educators
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01545-00327152-00327351 and it houses videos on data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01546-00327352-00327479 topics created by
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01547-00327480-00327719 nsdc volunteers including columbia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01548-00327720-00327815 university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01549-00327816-00328119 masters students who basically walk you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01550-00328120-00328295 through the content with each video
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01551-00328296-00328558 and help to humanize the data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01552-00328559-00328791 curriculum more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01553-00328792-00329134 go on to the next slide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01554-00329135-00329358 uh we'd like to also officially announce
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01555-00329359-00329615 our newest additions to the nsdc web
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01556-00329616-00329695 page
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01557-00329696-00329927 um so first we have career central so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01558-00329928-00330071 that's the place where
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01559-00330072-00330351 we have all the job source websites um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01560-00330352-00330519 related to data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01561-00330520-00330878 and data science interview resources so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01562-00330879-00331078 you can go on career central to find
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01563-00331079-00331263 latest job listings
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01564-00331264-00331423 if you want to polish your resume and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01565-00331424-00331599 cover letters and practice
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01566-00331600-00331791 for technical and behavioral interviews
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01567-00331792-00331919 career essentials
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01568-00331920-00332358 go and we have volunteer central as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01569-00332359-00332591 so here you'll find more information and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01570-00332592-00332695 steps to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01571-00332696-00332934 volunteering and recording a video on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01572-00332935-00333143 your own favorite data science topic
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01573-00333144-00333391 and design data science use k-ship cases
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01574-00333392-00333495 which would
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01575-00333496-00333703 be a practical wing to the curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01576-00333704-00333895 enable hands-on learning for a lot of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01577-00333896-00334047 students
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01578-00334048-00334319 and finally we have just built a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01579-00334320-00334375 structure
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01580-00334376-00334719 for our nsdc chapter system so each
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01581-00334720-00334806 chapter
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01582-00334807-00335039 um plans to extend the mission of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01583-00335040-00335239 nsdc in their local ways
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01584-00335240-00335423 so it's alert it's a local version of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01585-00335424-00335567 the nscc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01586-00335568-00335710 and they'll be creating a community of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01587-00335711-00335982 support for chapter members
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01588-00335983-00336182 and students and extending it through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01589-00336183-00336430 local community development initiatives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01590-00336431-00336743 so these initiatives will aim to educate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01591-00336744-00336919 underserved underrepresented learners
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01592-00336920-00337158 and data science fundamentals
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01593-00337159-00337367 and provide them with mentorship
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01594-00337368-00337551 research and career opportunities in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01595-00337552-00337687 data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01596-00337688-00337839 so we already have an existing chapter
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01597-00337840-00338063 in philly in philadelphia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01598-00338064-00338303 so we'd love to expand so if you want to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01599-00338304-00338487 learn anything about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01600-00338488-00338882 any of these new additions just go to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01601-00338883-00339375 anybigdatahub.org nsdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01602-00339376-00339727 and now i would like to pass
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01603-00339728-00339982 it on to our executive director florence
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01604-00339983-00340078 hudson
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01605-00340079-00340303 sure thank you haley and abhishek if you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01606-00340304-00340406 could go to the next slide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01607-00340407-00340639 please so we really want to give a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01608-00340640-00340830 special thanks to the northeast student
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01609-00340831-00341006 data core outreach team which is one of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01610-00341007-00341151 the three teams that our founding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01611-00341152-00341319 committee has created as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01612-00341320-00341623 haley mentioned before through garamani
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01613-00341624-00341815 and jennifer oxenford are the team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01614-00341816-00341999 leaders and we really want to thank furu
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01615-00342000-00342175 for being a co-moderator today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01616-00342176-00342375 we hope jennifer can co-moderate the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01617-00342376-00342606 next career panel which will be in june
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01618-00342607-00342806 and then all of the members of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01619-00342807-00342943 outreach team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01620-00342944-00343087 they are responsible for the data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01621-00343088-00343287 science career panels helping identify
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01622-00343288-00343495 internship and career opportunities
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01623-00343496-00343710 and as we develop the chapter system
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01624-00343711-00343863 they're actually responsible for that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01625-00343864-00344023 too we really want to thank everybody
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01626-00344024-00344167 for their support
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01627-00344168-00344527 next slide please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01628-00344528-00344727 so we will be giving certificates of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01629-00344728-00344910 appreciation to our panelists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01630-00344911-00345167 um and so we really want to make it very
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01631-00345168-00345343 clear that we're very grateful for your
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01632-00345344-00345439 support
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01633-00345440-00345615 we're very grateful for you being role
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01634-00345616-00345871 models and sharing your time your energy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01635-00345872-00346006 and your ideas
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01636-00346007-00346182 with everybody online we actually have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01637-00346183-00346367 received a number of questions in the q
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01638-00346368-00346503 a if you could be reading those we're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01639-00346504-00346639 going to be answering those when we're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01640-00346640-00346734 done here
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01641-00346735-00346967 um and have the extra i love extra
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01642-00346968-00347110 credit so extra credit q
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01643-00347111-00347399 a session but once again sanjana
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01644-00347400-00347575 patricia jason and martin it's really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01645-00347576-00347734 been a pleasure having you on the team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01646-00347735-00347863 we really want to thank you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01647-00347864-00347982 so we'll be sending these along
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01648-00347983-00348310 digitally next slide please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01649-00348311-00348471 so connect with us you know leverage the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01650-00348472-00348703 free nsdc resources a number of you in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01651-00348704-00348751 the q
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01652-00348752-00348943 a and the question and answer have been
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01653-00348944-00349143 asking where can i find resources how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01654-00349144-00349375 can i identify what skills i need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01655-00349376-00349743 when you go to anybigdatahub.org nsdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01656-00349744-00349919 you can page down and find learner
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01657-00349920-00350127 central and that's where we have curated
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01658-00350128-00350271 curriculum information
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01659-00350272-00350487 data ethics classes and the online free
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01660-00350488-00350647 classes are available right there you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01661-00350648-00350758 just click through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01662-00350759-00350982 data ethics classes beginning classes
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01663-00350983-00351071 such as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01664-00351072-00351382 curated khan academy pre-algebra work
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01665-00351383-00351678 statistics computer programming as haley
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01666-00351679-00351727 mentioned
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01667-00351728-00351927 supervised machine learning unsupervised
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01668-00351928-00352063 machine learning we have from getting
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01669-00352064-00352143 started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01670-00352144-00352367 to intermediate to advanced and so you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01671-00352368-00352463 can come in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01672-00352464-00352678 at the level you are but it's also fun
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01673-00352679-00352823 because you can look at the advanced
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01674-00352824-00352982 stuff to see what it's going to turn
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01675-00352983-00353095 into eventually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01676-00353096-00353278 which is really fun and like jason was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01677-00353279-00353487 saying you know and martin see what you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01678-00353488-00353639 want to do you know what what's where's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01679-00353640-00353806 your interest area and you can learn a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01680-00353807-00353943 lot that way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01681-00353944-00354151 and then register you can also sign up
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01682-00354152-00354399 for nsdc newsletter on the website
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01683-00354400-00354582 everything is available at any big data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01684-00354583-00354799 hubble.org slash nsdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01685-00354800-00354958 you can register for next data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01686-00354959-00355110 career panel on june 11th
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01687-00355111-00355247 i know a couple of people were having
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01688-00355248-00355375 challenges getting into the slack
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01689-00355376-00355527 community and i'm sorry for that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01690-00355528-00355727 here's a qr code so we'll leave this up
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01691-00355728-00355903 for another 30 seconds so you can take a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01692-00355904-00356039 picture of it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01693-00356040-00356167 on your phone and that should bring you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01694-00356168-00356439 right to the slack channel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01695-00356440-00356671 you can also follow us on twitter at any
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01696-00356672-00356854 big data hub and we've also just started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01697-00356855-00356887 a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01698-00356888-00357134 data core twitter and you can always
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01699-00357135-00357199 email us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01700-00357200-00357499 at the bottom right here shows nsdc
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01701-00357500-00357695 anybigdatahub.org and we have a youtube
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01702-00357696-00357767 channel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01703-00357768-00358015 that has the event from february we had
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01704-00358016-00358151 a data science career panel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01705-00358152-00358319 and other events that we do including
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01706-00358320-00358487 the covet information commons
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01707-00358488-00358751 and others so now if we can go to the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01708-00358752-00358958 next slide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01709-00358959-00359247 so now we want to go to the q a and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01710-00359248-00359278 um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01711-00359279-00359519 it is the top of the hour so um we're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01712-00359520-00359654 one minute ahead of time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01713-00359655-00359806 so we'd like to once again thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01714-00359807-00360030 everyone who's participating today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01715-00360031-00360327 please stay connected join the the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01716-00360328-00360471 newsletter list
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01717-00360472-00360703 reach out to us join the slack channel i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01718-00360704-00360847 know some of you are ready for some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01719-00360848-00360967 mentoring so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01720-00360968-00361239 reach out to me on the website on the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01721-00361240-00361415 slack channel if you want we can get you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01722-00361416-00361567 started with some mentoring
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01723-00361568-00361734 we're building up our mentoring team so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01724-00361735-00361919 if you'd like to be a mentor let us know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01725-00361920-00362023 as well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01726-00362024-00362239 and so um thank you very much to the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01727-00362240-00362399 panelists the participants
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01728-00362400-00362710 our moderators haley and faru and our
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01729-00362711-00362927 entire team in the background
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01730-00362928-00363054 so now we'd like to answer the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01731-00363055-00363199 additional questions that have come in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01732-00363200-00363271 if you can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01733-00363272-00363591 stay for the extra credit session so um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01734-00363592-00363727 farooq would you want to take us through
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01735-00363728-00363903 some of the questions in there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01736-00363904-00364206 sure um one of the questions that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01737-00364207-00364567 uh comes uh up is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01738-00364568-00365030 um can um patricia can you provide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01739-00365031-00365247 information about you know what does a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01740-00365248-00365343 typical day
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01741-00365344-00365678 look like for you i was just typing all
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01742-00365679-00365727 that in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01743-00365728-00366063 because it's like so um so it depends on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01744-00366064-00366119 whether i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01745-00366120-00366287 i basically separate my days into
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01746-00366288-00366487 teaching days and research days
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01747-00366488-00366743 and um and then i try to give myself uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01748-00366744-00367182 one day that is like um you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01749-00367183-00367406 like if i have service i have to do or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01750-00367407-00367582 if i have research that i have to do or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01751-00367583-00367743 if i have to write which there's a lot
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01752-00367744-00367799 of writing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01753-00367800-00367967 in being a professor if you're if you're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01754-00367968-00368151 doing research and teaching
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01755-00368152-00368399 um and so a typical day if i have to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01756-00368400-00368495 teach then
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01757-00368496-00368695 i will get up and prepare my class make
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01758-00368696-00368847 sure that everything's ready
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01759-00368848-00369167 i teach the class and then i relax
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01760-00369168-00369406 because it's stressful i usually have to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01761-00369407-00369647 put office hours on my teaching days
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01762-00369648-00369895 um and sometimes i try not to mix my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01763-00369896-00370047 teaching and research days but
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01764-00370048-00370303 um like this semester i have a larger
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01765-00370304-00370358 class
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01766-00370359-00370671 and few and only one ta so then i do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01767-00370672-00370934 put some office hours on and you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01768-00370935-00371039 every day i have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01769-00371040-00371367 except for fridays um and then uh again
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01770-00371368-00371527 then tuesdays and thursdays
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01771-00371528-00371647 so mondays and wednesdays are my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01772-00371648-00371895 teaching days this week on tuesdays and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01773-00371896-00372110 thursdays are my research days so i have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01774-00372111-00372295 a lot of meetings with collaborators
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01775-00372296-00372502 about the research that we're doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01776-00372503-00372799 um and then and i do that also on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01777-00372800-00372958 fridays but i try to do it like half
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01778-00372959-00373039 days
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01779-00373040-00373254 uh because typically you also have like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01780-00373255-00373343 meetings with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01781-00373344-00373663 um your department or committees that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01782-00373664-00373767 you're on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01783-00373768-00374023 and uh most people don't teach on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01784-00374024-00374191 fridays so that's a good day to do that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01785-00374192-00374399 kind of stuff and that's that's a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01786-00374400-00374591 that's a typical day oh and then other
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01787-00374592-00374830 days i'm like planning events
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01788-00374831-00375095 like uh sometimes we we do workshops for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01789-00375096-00375247 students i do a lot of events for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01790-00375248-00375302 students so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01791-00375303-00375623 it's like workshops or hackathons just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01792-00375624-00375775 because i'm really passionate about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01793-00375776-00375871 trying to get women
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01794-00375872-00376063 into computer science and into data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01795-00376064-00376287 science i think data science is the best
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01796-00376288-00376558 way to get women into computing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01797-00376559-00376806 because they love to solve problems and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01798-00376807-00376871 they love
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01799-00376872-00377223 like they're very multi-disciplinary
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01800-00377224-00377551 like one isn't enough where i see men
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01801-00377552-00377727 get really deep into one
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01802-00377728-00377919 but women tend to be like i want to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01803-00377920-00378095 all over the place and so data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01804-00378096-00378199 lets you be a little bit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01805-00378200-00378382 all over the place uh doing different
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01806-00378383-00378502 things you're still deep
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01807-00378503-00378727 into it but i just think that women are
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01808-00378728-00378823 really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01809-00378824-00379063 first of all they like to collaborate uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01810-00379064-00379158 and so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01811-00379159-00379343 it's data science is great for that so i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01812-00379344-00379534 do a lot of outreach for women
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01813-00379535-00379806 in data science and computer science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01814-00379807-00379895 well thank you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01815-00379896-00380215 broadening participation
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01816-00380216-00380767 across various areas is very important
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01817-00380768-00381110 so jason could you also provide
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01818-00381111-00381358 information about you know how are ways
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01819-00381359-00381487 that you're paving
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01820-00381488-00381830 the way for others in your field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01821-00381831-00382054 as you're going through the work that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01822-00382055-00383071 you're doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01823-00383072-00383391 is jason there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01824-00383392-00383671 sorry it sounds it looks like you maybe
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01825-00383672-00383815 he stepped away for a minute
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01826-00383816-00384143 okay sanja could you provide that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01827-00384144-00384391 information please
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01828-00384392-00384591 oh sure ferro uh can you please repeat
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01829-00384592-00384799 the question i think jason is back
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01830-00384800-00385182 so you might want to ask him
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01831-00385183-00385558 jason is back oh great um jason
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01832-00385559-00385919 which what what are things that you do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01833-00385920-00386206 now in your um the work that you're
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01834-00386207-00386295 involved in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01835-00386296-00386551 to help pave the way for others in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01836-00386552-00386695 field
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01837-00386696-00386854 thank you sorry i just got called away
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01838-00386855-00387023 for a moment i have to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01839-00387024-00387247 answer a question uh yes thank you for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01840-00387248-00387487 that question paving the way for others
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01841-00387488-00387854 um so a lot of my work is about teaching
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01842-00387855-00388223 uh and helping other people to um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01843-00388224-00388463 be able to get the skills that they need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01844-00388464-00388606 so there's a lot of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01845-00388607-00388919 ways that i try to do that one of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01846-00388920-00389078 things that i'm actually working
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01847-00389079-00389463 working on now is uh improving
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01848-00389464-00389695 short format training so if you take a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01849-00389696-00389871 workshop or if you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01850-00389872-00390167 i'm sure there's actually far too many
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01851-00390168-00390334 uh learn data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01852-00390335-00390623 uh in a week or whatever uh the the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01853-00390624-00390734 modality is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01854-00390735-00390951 there's a lot of educational materials
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01855-00390952-00391127 out there for people to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01856-00391128-00391382 gain skills and and frankly there's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01857-00391383-00391582 desperation for it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01858-00391583-00391887 when people hope that having these
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01859-00391888-00391943 skills
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01860-00391944-00392134 can position them for a better job or a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01861-00392135-00392263 better future whatever they're looking
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01862-00392264-00392382 for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01863-00392383-00392751 but unfortunately as it turns out from a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01864-00392752-00393102 pedagogical point of view it's actually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01865-00393103-00393358 very difficult to learn new and complex
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01866-00393359-00393567 material in a short amount of time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01867-00393568-00393782 and what af what often happens is that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01868-00393783-00393991 people who are themselves
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01869-00393992-00394215 valid experts in data science or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01870-00394216-00394406 whatever it is that they're teaching
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01871-00394407-00394647 may not actually be the best teachers
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01872-00394648-00394806 and on top of that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01873-00394807-00395102 um it may actually be that um when you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01874-00395103-00395191 try to say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01875-00395192-00395454 okay let's have a weekend workshop or an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01876-00395455-00395639 introduction to data science and things
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01877-00395640-00395758 like that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01878-00395759-00396039 um you can actually harm people in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01879-00396040-00396134 sense that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01880-00396135-00396423 um these types of workshops uh if
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01881-00396424-00396615 they're not done very well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01882-00396616-00396839 uh you actually turn people off to data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01883-00396840-00396991 science and off to getting started with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01884-00396992-00397167 computing because they realize oh wow
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01885-00397168-00397263 this is really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01886-00397264-00397510 much more complex than i thought um and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01887-00397511-00397575 so you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01888-00397576-00397751 leave people in a position that's that's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01889-00397752-00398030 far worse as far as their curiosities
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01890-00398031-00398230 and their motivation is now not what it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01891-00398231-00398423 was so one thing that i'm doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01892-00398424-00398606 is i'm actually doing research on those
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01893-00398607-00398751 areas and i'm actually holding a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01894-00398752-00398839 conference
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01895-00398840-00399102 uh later on this year on how we can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01896-00399103-00399271 bring some of those practices that we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01897-00399272-00399471 know work in educational psychology
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01898-00399472-00399830 adult education adult learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01899-00399831-00400110 accessible i started a community to help
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01900-00400111-00400206 with this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01901-00400207-00400415 in my area which is life sciences so we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01902-00400416-00400519 have a site
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01903-00400520-00400951 lifeside trainers and this is a group
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01904-00400952-00401182 mainly based on slack but it's all over
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01905-00401183-00401382 the world of people who do short format
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01906-00401383-00401447 training
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01907-00401448-00401702 with the idea that we want to improve
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01908-00401703-00401927 our teaching as a community of practice
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01909-00401928-00402151 so that when we deliver introductory
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01910-00402152-00402351 workshops or get people started in data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01911-00402352-00402543 science or whatever the topic is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01912-00402544-00402806 that we we ground it in something that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01913-00402807-00402927 is more than just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01914-00402928-00403215 uh more than just one person's expertise
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01915-00403216-00403302 but actually
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01916-00403303-00403439 that pairing that expertise with the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01917-00403440-00403606 ability to teach effectively
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01918-00403607-00403943 and to measure the impact and see that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01919-00403944-00404078 it's doing what you intended
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01920-00404079-00404310 so i'm trying to help people improve
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01921-00404311-00404447 their teaching
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01922-00404448-00404847 so that for those future data scientists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01923-00404848-00404991 or those people who are trying to make
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01924-00404992-00405254 the transition into data science or just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01925-00405255-00405495 trying to gain data science skills uh to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01926-00405496-00405671 make some of those transitions easier so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01927-00405672-00405751 that's my answer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01928-00405752-00405958 is very long but that's my answer thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01929-00405959-00406158 you jason for all that you're doing in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01930-00406159-00406454 this area it's very important at work
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01931-00406455-00406727 um sanja could you please provide some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01932-00406728-00406887 your perspectives on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01933-00406888-00407191 uh the skill requirements for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01934-00407192-00407358 data science some some of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01935-00407359-00407647 foundational skill requirements
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01936-00407648-00408006 sure uh thank you for the question
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01937-00408007-00408254 so i think i'm gonna share the mistake
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01938-00408255-00408343 which i did
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01939-00408344-00408606 initially um when i was preparing myself
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01940-00408607-00408791 for a particular job
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01941-00408792-00409047 is i did not go wrong in finding the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01942-00409048-00409199 role that i want to do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01943-00409200-00409551 but where i went wrong is hammering
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01944-00409552-00409622 myself
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01945-00409623-00409895 with all the python algorithms the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01946-00409896-00409974 packages
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01947-00409975-00410222 out there learning every single thing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01948-00410223-00410334 that's available
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01949-00410335-00410630 online and try to upskill myself in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01950-00410631-00410766 every single
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01951-00410767-00411159 um modeling technique etc whatever is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01952-00411160-00411222 needed for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01953-00411223-00411551 a data scientist later on i realized
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01954-00411552-00411582 that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01955-00411583-00411934 it's absolutely not necessary to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01956-00411935-00412191 be aware of all the technical algorithms
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01957-00412192-00412366 that are available out there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01958-00412367-00412695 what the role wants you is apart from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01959-00412696-00412782 technical
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01960-00412783-00412966 expertise which you need to a certain
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01961-00412967-00413239 extent but what you need above it all is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01962-00413239-00413439 the business understanding
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01963-00413439-00413759 how is your data science going to solve
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01964-00413760-00414078 a particular business problem with like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01965-00414079-00414239 whichever company you're working for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01966-00414239-00414470 what are they using data science for are
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01967-00414471-00414582 they trying to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01968-00414583-00414855 use it to reduce the environmental
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01969-00414856-00415087 pollution or they are they using it to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01970-00415088-00415359 predict the predict tomorrow's weather
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01971-00415360-00415503 or they are they trying to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01972-00415504-00415734 predict the corvette curve for the next
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01973-00415735-00415926 month or two months coming months
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01974-00415927-00416039 whatever it is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01975-00416039-00416255 try to understand the business problem
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01976-00416256-00416414 that they're trying to solve
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01977-00416415-00416687 and then build your skills accordingly
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01978-00416688-00416847 so that it will help you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01979-00416847-00417134 as well as your organization on how how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01980-00417135-00417287 you go about it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01981-00417288-00417510 in case you don't have a job currently
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01982-00417512-00417607 and you don't know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01983-00417608-00417807 what to expect out of your future
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01984-00417808-00418118 organization or an enterprise
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01985-00418119-00418303 try to limit yourself to particular
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01986-00418304-00418503 domains so data science is used
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01987-00418504-00418574 everywhere
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01988-00418575-00418759 in every single domain there is no
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01989-00418760-00418974 domain that doesn't use data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01990-00418975-00419222 but try to build your expertise by
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01991-00419223-00419334 limiting yourself
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01992-00419335-00419679 to one domain or an or an industry i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01993-00419680-00419759 would say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01994-00419760-00419999 for example i started off concentrating
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01995-00420000-00420151 my energy like building up
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01996-00420152-00420318 all my energy and data science towards
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01997-00420319-00420479 the field of education
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01998-00420480-00420759 how what are the trends that uh people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-01999-00420760-00420951 like to learn in artificial intelligence
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02000-00420952-00421143 what is the most happening topic and how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02001-00421143-00421279 do we present it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02002-00421280-00421510 so that people can learn it in shorter
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02003-00421512-00421614 time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02004-00421615-00421935 etc so suppose uh see for jason he is an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02005-00421935-00422087 expert in biotech
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02006-00422088-00422351 for example um just try to limit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02007-00422352-00422503 yourself to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02008-00422504-00422751 an industry or a domain and try to build
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02009-00422752-00422863 your expertise
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02010-00422864-00423191 in a small narrow problem rather than
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02011-00423192-00423422 you know being a generalist in data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02012-00423423-00423543 science because it's huge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02013-00423543-00423855 it's an ocean so that's what i wanted to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02014-00423856-00423918 say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02015-00423919-00424255 thank you sanja um martin could you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02016-00424256-00424431 provide some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02017-00424432-00424791 some insights with regard to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02018-00424792-00425022 uh the difference between computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02019-00425023-00425310 science and data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02020-00425312-00425631 oh i see um thank you for so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02021-00425632-00425927 computer science is kind of like a like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02022-00425928-00426118 a more general field i would say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02023-00426119-00426510 data's in compu in computer science is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02024-00426512-00426583 more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02025-00426584-00426887 uh is kind of uh i would say like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02026-00426888-00427127 this is not a formal definition but it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02027-00427128-00427199 related
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02028-00427200-00427535 to to essentially like it's it's related
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02029-00427535-00427575 to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02030-00427576-00427751 to the it's just the science of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02031-00427752-00427887 computing of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02032-00427888-00428214 the manners in which we we we we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02033-00428215-00428527 compute like or make certain like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02034-00428528-00428879 computing uh operations so it it's it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02035-00428880-00429239 i think it's an um so on the other side
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02036-00429239-00429343 data science is not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02037-00429343-00429607 their science is not necessarily a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02038-00429608-00429679 substrate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02039-00429680-00429935 of computer science i think a part of it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02040-00429935-00430103 a part of data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02041-00430104-00430431 uh kind of is stemming from computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02042-00430432-00430695 from computer science in the sense that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02043-00430696-00430847 computer science is still like related
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02044-00430847-00431022 to like the parts of computer science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02045-00431023-00431151 which are related to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02046-00431152-00431439 um i would say or intersecting with uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02047-00431439-00431631 probability and statistics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02048-00431632-00431910 and in that sense i think so statistics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02049-00431912-00432103 also contributed to some parts
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02050-00432104-00432327 of of data science so i would say there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02051-00432328-00432503 are certain sub routes in computer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02052-00432504-00432599 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02053-00432600-00432975 from which from which uh from which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02054-00432976-00433263 data science stemmed or originated
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02055-00433264-00433439 however data science nowadays
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02056-00433439-00433751 is so interdisciplinary i would say that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02057-00433752-00433910 we cannot attribute
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02058-00433912-00434127 like uh the creation of data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02059-00434128-00434318 only to computer science i think it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02060-00434319-00434679 some aspects of it as it says as i said
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02061-00434680-00434943 from computer science but i think it's a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02062-00434943-00435159 it's an intersection of multiple
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02063-00435160-00435279 fields so i would say it's an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02064-00435280-00435503 intersection of maybe uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02065-00435504-00435710 statistic mathematics in particular
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02066-00435712-00435807 statistics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02067-00435808-00435991 and computer science but it has
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02068-00435992-00436118 applications
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02069-00436119-00436431 in in in many various fields like it has
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02070-00436432-00436622 if you have applications like in in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02071-00436623-00436822 domains such as like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02072-00436823-00437047 biomedicine healthcare up to domains
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02073-00437047-00437231 such as weather forecasting
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02074-00437232-00437551 or or even like uh we can even
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02075-00437552-00437822 help like make more informative uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02076-00437823-00437943 business
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02077-00437943-00438279 decisions as sanjana uh suggested
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02078-00438280-00438487 so i would say it's an intersection of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02079-00438488-00438583 multiple foods
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02080-00438584-00438903 one of them is is computer science yeah
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02081-00438904-00439207 thank you um and i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02082-00439208-00439551 i have a question that um it applies to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02083-00439552-00439655 everyone here
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02084-00439656-00440070 is um what would you recommend
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02085-00440071-00440407 for um someone who who is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02086-00440408-00440759 just in in another area
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02087-00440760-00441110 has no experience of data science in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02088-00441112-00441607 starting out in the area of data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02089-00441608-00441966 we talked about gaining knowledge
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02090-00441967-00442303 and experience what specific
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02091-00442304-00442575 areas do you recommend what are some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02092-00442576-00442647 specific
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02093-00442647-00443183 tools that or technologies that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02094-00443184-00443575 those individuals should get exposed to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02095-00443576-00443863 so i i might have a comment um let me
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02096-00443864-00443951 keep it brief
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02097-00443952-00444103 i think because patricia was a mutant i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02098-00444104-00444199 don't know if you're about to answer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02099-00444200-00444318 this one too so i don't want to step
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02100-00444319-00444414 over you but okay
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02101-00444415-00444639 no no okay maybe i would just sort of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02102-00444639-00444766 say
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02103-00444767-00444959 even if you have no expertise in data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02104-00444960-00445191 science you have expertise likely in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02105-00445192-00445327 something
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02106-00445328-00445527 so really trying to figure out where you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02107-00445528-00445766 are at and then what's the next rung on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02108-00445767-00445935 the ladder and not necessarily jumping
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02109-00445935-00446118 to a ladder that's not really meant for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02110-00446119-00446191 you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02111-00446192-00446518 um because you're going to need to to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02112-00446519-00446655 able to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02113-00446656-00446975 direct your curiosity towards um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02114-00446976-00447295 a structure that's gonna really be uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02115-00447296-00447479 goal directed versus i'm just curious
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02116-00447480-00447591 about the world i think this is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02117-00447592-00447710 something we heard from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02118-00447712-00448014 uh sanjana earlier um it could really be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02119-00448015-00448151 disastrous
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02120-00448152-00448383 uh because there's it's it's like it's a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02121-00448384-00448535 whole bunch of noise out there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02122-00448535-00448735 everything seems important everything
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02123-00448735-00448918 seems it's the latest thing to learn
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02124-00448919-00449166 this is the hottest skill and you won't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02125-00449167-00449295 have any way
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02126-00449296-00449631 to um to make sense of it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02127-00449632-00449863 so thinking about what might be the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02128-00449864-00449959 closest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02129-00449960-00450222 area to something you're already doing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02130-00450223-00450359 and then probably the second piece of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02131-00450360-00450518 advice would be to really now find a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02132-00450519-00450599 mentor
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02133-00450600-00450839 a colleague a friend a teacher who can
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02134-00450839-00450943 give you advice
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02135-00450943-00451159 because it starts to become that there's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02136-00451160-00451399 just too much noise to find the signal
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02137-00451400-00451622 and so you need someone who can help you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02138-00451623-00451718 interpret
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02139-00451719-00451910 and and make decisions about what's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02140-00451912-00452063 important to pay attention to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02141-00452064-00452255 and when not what may not be important i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02142-00452256-00452383 think that's the best advice i could
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02143-00452384-00452447 give because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02144-00452447-00452743 anything else like learn r learn python
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02145-00452743-00452791 i mean
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02146-00452792-00452975 maybe that might be the right answer it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02147-00452976-00453166 could be completely wrong
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02148-00453167-00453295 so you're going to need help more than
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02149-00453296-00453503 we can give you here but find that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02150-00453504-00453703 mentor and find something that's close
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02151-00453704-00453855 to something that you already do feel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02152-00453856-00454055 you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02153-00454056-00454327 thank you jason and patricia did you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02154-00454328-00454439 have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02155-00454439-00454687 well i honestly you know back in the day
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02156-00454688-00454799 when i was studying
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02157-00454800-00455055 we didn't have youtube we didn't have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02158-00455056-00455143 like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02159-00455143-00455414 you guys have youtube you guys like take
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02160-00455415-00455559 advantage of that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02161-00455560-00455847 um there's a stat quest it's a really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02162-00455847-00455927 really great
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02163-00455928-00456207 um and i turn like we don't have courses
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02164-00456208-00456383 in ai we don't have so a lot of my
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02165-00456384-00456551 students have to actually self-learn and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02166-00456552-00456599 the sooner
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02167-00456600-00456814 you learn to teach yourself or the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02168-00456815-00457014 sooner you find the passion
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02169-00457015-00457270 that will drive you to do it honestly
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02170-00457271-00457439 what made me come back was just looking
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02171-00457439-00457559 at videos
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02172-00457560-00457783 uh you know of what people were doing i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02173-00457784-00457918 was interested in medicine and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02174-00457919-00458039 technology so i do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02175-00458039-00458183 look for videos in medicine and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02176-00458184-00458343 technology um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02177-00458343-00458735 then i was interested in and and um in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02178-00458735-00458975 basically what my father was a you know
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02179-00458976-00459166 my grandfather was a cardiologist my dad
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02180-00459167-00459318 was a doctor so i always had this
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02181-00459319-00459463 medical part with me
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02182-00459464-00459599 and one of the things that i started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02183-00459600-00459751 looking at okay what are they doing to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02184-00459752-00459847 analyze
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02185-00459847-00460095 like vital signs and so i started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02186-00460096-00460287 looking at that and that became time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02187-00460288-00460439 series and in the end
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02188-00460439-00460663 my dissertation was multivariate time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02189-00460664-00460855 series analysis of physiological and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02190-00460856-00460959 clinical data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02191-00460960-00461183 it all started with like my dad did
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02192-00461184-00461391 something i don't like blood
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02193-00461392-00461703 i basically like technology so i started
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02194-00461704-00461831 looking about what they were doing with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02195-00461832-00461903 technology
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02196-00461904-00462135 they were doing amazing things with ct
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02197-00462135-00462222 scans
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02198-00462223-00462487 um making back in the day making them 3d
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02199-00462488-00462535 that was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02200-00462535-00462703 so new and when i started seeing that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02201-00462704-00462895 kind of stuff it made me passionate
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02202-00462896-00463118 and then once i got that passion then i
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02203-00463119-00463279 wanted to learn how to code and then you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02204-00463280-00463431 could now we didn't have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02205-00463432-00463607 things to teach you how to code now
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02206-00463608-00463807 there are so many free resources there's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02207-00463808-00463927 data camp
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02208-00463928-00464191 there's um like i said stat quest data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02209-00464192-00464431 camp if you want to go like the python
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02210-00464432-00464647 route r route but the more like data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02211-00464647-00464847 analyst and and stats quest is just to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02212-00464847-00464999 help you with the complex idea there's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02213-00465000-00465207 khan academy that really breaks i mean
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02214-00465208-00465343 they're experts
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02215-00465343-00465607 that really um teach you and they want
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02216-00465608-00465727 to teach you they're trying to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02217-00465728-00465822 democratize
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02218-00465823-00466279 uh you know statistics and computing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02219-00466280-00466535 there's data carpentries um where they
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02220-00466535-00466591 offer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02221-00466592-00466743 like you can actually look there and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02222-00466743-00466966 they'll do they do a class for one week
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02223-00466967-00467207 teaching you how to do github which is
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02224-00467208-00467318 really important
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02225-00467319-00467518 uh technology wise if you're going to be
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02226-00467519-00467727 a data scientist so you know how to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02227-00467728-00467775 store
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02228-00467776-00468070 your information um and so they'll teach
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02229-00468071-00468287 you github as well as uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02230-00468288-00468591 and and you know just think how to run
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02231-00468592-00468710 the command line
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02232-00468712-00468999 um and so there's there's so many
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02233-00469000-00469279 resources so it just start doing them on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02234-00469280-00469359 your free time
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02235-00469360-00469566 spend a night at home instead of going
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02236-00469567-00469807 to the movies spend a night geeking out
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02237-00469808-00470118 on youtube there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02238-00470119-00470343 thank you patricia thank you i'll list
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02239-00470343-00470518 some of those in the comments i'll put
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02240-00470519-00470670 the ones that i like the best in the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02241-00470671-00470743 comments
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02242-00470743-00470999 thanks so much for raising awareness to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02243-00471000-00471166 the various technologies
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02244-00471167-00471591 to um to learn and and get more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02245-00471592-00471710 information about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02246-00471712-00472255 um at this point
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02247-00472256-00472479 and so please go to the nsdc webpage as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02248-00472480-00472631 well patricia thank you for adding all
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02249-00472632-00472814 that maybe we can add what you put into
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02250-00472815-00472895 the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02251-00472896-00473079 into the chat you know onto the nsd
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02252-00473080-00473270 website because in learner central we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02253-00473271-00473487 have a whole bunch of curated curriculum
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02254-00473488-00473566 we have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02255-00473567-00473759 some khan academy basics you know in
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02256-00473760-00473951 getting started pre-algebra and things
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02257-00473952-00474079 like that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02258-00474080-00474255 we actually have videos that one of the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02259-00474256-00474447 data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02260-00474447-00474710 students at columbia recorded which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02261-00474712-00474927 presents the supervised machine learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02262-00474928-00475207 ibm open data science for all material
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02263-00475208-00475407 that's on github and powerpoint now he
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02264-00475408-00475583 can mix it come to life he presents how
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02265-00475584-00475639 to do
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02266-00475639-00475895 jupiter notebooks you know related to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02267-00475896-00476031 data science so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02268-00476032-00476270 please use learner central and patricia
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02269-00476271-00476439 we love that you're going to add more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02270-00476439-00476703 material for us go ahead thank you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02271-00476704-00476807 florence
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02272-00476808-00477175 and again we want to thank the panelists
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02273-00477176-00477527 for spending additional time with us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02274-00477528-00477807 we thank all of the participants who
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02275-00477808-00478039 engaged in the discussion
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02276-00478039-00478310 through q a and we look forward to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02277-00478312-00478487 seeing all of you at the next
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02278-00478488-00478727 career panel webinar and engaging with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02279-00478728-00479031 us in this slack channel
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02280-00479032-00479263 absolutely have a great afternoon thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02281-00479264-00479335 you everyone
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02282-00479335-00479599 be well thank you everyone thank you bye
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02283-00479600-00479759 bye bye
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02284-00479760-00480022 thank you everyone can you give me a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02285-00480023-00480207 minute to type one of them
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02286-00480208-00480359 to tell you yeah i'm not going anywhere
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02287-00480360-00480759 okay okay
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02288-00480760-00480959 learning on youtube i'll just put it i'm
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02289-00480960-00481151 answering um there was one like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02290-00481152-00481270 what would you guys say is the most
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02291-00481271-00481447 popular or used program should i put it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02292-00481447-00481518 there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02293-00481519-00481743 oh sure yeah you can type just type the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02294-00481743-00481831 answer
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02295-00481832-00482110 i'll just put like um khan academy well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02296-00482112-00482175 just like
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02297-00482176-00482310 learning environments in terms of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02298-00482312-00483366 learning environments
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02299-00483367-00483495 that's great and while you're typing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02300-00483496-00483695 that um there's a suggestion of having
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02301-00483696-00483870 hands-on sessions with jupiter notebooks
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02302-00483871-00484007 for data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02303-00484008-00484222 which is a great idea because we have
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02304-00484223-00484487 these data science career panels
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02305-00484488-00484679 every other month and we're thinking of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02306-00484680-00484855 having like a real
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02307-00484856-00485127 um use case or a teach data science or a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02308-00485128-00485318 hands-on jupiter notebook type thing on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02309-00485319-00485422 the other months
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02310-00485423-00485575 so maybe we can get someone to teach
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02311-00485576-00485903 that that would be great
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02312-00485904-00486127 hold on i said data cam khan academy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02313-00486128-00486510 what were the other ones i mentioned um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02314-00486512-00486791 trees oh data carpentries yes data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02315-00486792-00487231 carbon juice is really good
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02316-00487232-00487366 i can't remember i think those are the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02317-00487367-00487599 big ones data cam khan academy khan
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02318-00487600-00487807 academy has data science stuff uh
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02319-00487808-00488062 and i'll just put youtube oh stop no
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02320-00488063-00488175 star
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02321-00488176-00488462 the star oh what was it called i just
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02322-00488463-00488583 said stats quest
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02323-00488584-00488839 stats quest which is like for people who
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02324-00488839-00488983 want more than math stuff
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02325-00488984-00489159 okay stats quest those are the big ones
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02326-00489160-00489351 that i use for my students so i'll put
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02327-00489352-00489462 that there
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02328-00489463-00489743 that is wonderful all right guys thank
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02329-00489743-00489839 you so much
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02330-00489839-00490062 it's been a pleasure oh thank you so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02331-00490063-00490247 much patricia we really appreciate it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02332-00490247-00490366 and everybody
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02333-00490367-00490575 yeah okay thank you bye thank you take
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02334-00490576-00490814 care of you well bye
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02335-00490815-00491070 okay excellent i think we're all done so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02336-00491071-00491118 um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02337-00491119-00491479 i think uh there's still 48 47 people on
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02338-00491480-00491703 very good at extra credit for the people
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02339-00491704-00491855 who are still there we could do like a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02340-00491856-00492047 little run through the website maybe and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02341-00492047-00492214 show them learner central since we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02342-00492215-00492255 didn't
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02343-00492256-00492485 uh do a live demo
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02344-00492485-00492607 [Music]
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02345-00492608-00493222 so why not
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02346-00493223-00493470 so i'll just share my screen for the 45
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02347-00493471-00493575 people who are
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02348-00493576-00493735 getting extra credit on a friday
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02349-00493735-00493927 afternoon
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02350-00493928-00494335 which i'm always impressed with
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02351-00494335-00494595 so when you go to the nsdc website
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02352-00494596-00494735 anybigdatahub.org
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02353-00494735-00495087 nsdc you can go down here to the data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02354-00495088-00495175 science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02355-00495176-00495439 resources for learners and educators
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02356-00495439-00495703 here if you click on learner central
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02357-00495704-00495870 you can see some of the material that we
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02358-00495871-00496014 were talking about
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02359-00496015-00496214 which has been curated by our content
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02360-00496215-00496343 pedagogy team
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02361-00496343-00496510 you can see there are data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02362-00496512-00496703 ethics classes
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02363-00496704-00496983 including videos there's an edx class at
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02364-00496984-00497127 the university from the university of
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02365-00497128-00497327 michigan on data science ethics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02366-00497328-00497510 there's a link to the ibm open data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02367-00497512-00497718 science for all ethics
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02368-00497719-00497975 as well as the data responsibly series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02369-00497976-00498199 which is a comic book series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02370-00498200-00498439 an intellectual comic book series that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02371-00498439-00498622 actually is available in french spanish
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02372-00498623-00498775 and english
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02373-00498776-00499070 you can also look at the um that's the
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02374-00499071-00499214 overall data science ethics which
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02375-00499215-00499343 everybody should care about because
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02376-00499343-00499559 ethics is very critical in data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02377-00499560-00499766 then in the getting started area as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02378-00499767-00499966 patricia was talking about khan academy
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02379-00499967-00500118 as an example
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02380-00500119-00500327 you can look here at some of the khan
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02381-00500328-00500543 academy modules we suggest in arithmetic
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02382-00500543-00500695 and pre-algebra
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02383-00500696-00500943 algebra and introduction to data and you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02384-00500943-00501103 can see there are some videos here as
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02385-00501104-00501231 well
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02386-00501232-00501462 and analyzing categorical data a full
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02387-00501463-00501614 data science course for beginners by
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02388-00501615-00501799 free code camp i think patricia was
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02389-00501800-00501951 talking about code camp
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02390-00501952-00502143 so there's a lot of free online material
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02391-00502143-00502351 that you can use um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02392-00502352-00502591 anytime either if you're quarantined or
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02393-00502592-00502799 not if it's raining or snowing it's
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02394-00502800-00503022 snowing in new hampshire today
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02395-00503023-00503166 and then there's an introductory
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02396-00503167-00503359 intermediate area as well as an
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02397-00503360-00503566 intermediate to advanced area
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02398-00503567-00503775 so you can come in at the level that you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02399-00503776-00503975 want to you can look ahead to see what
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02400-00503976-00504095 else you'll be learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02401-00504096-00504287 as an example here's linear algebra
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02402-00504288-00504431 vectors matrices
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02403-00504432-00504759 um and in calculus we have derivatives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02404-00504760-00504927 applications of derivatives
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02405-00504928-00505175 regression analysis as well as visual
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02406-00505176-00505343 analytics machine learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02407-00505343-00505639 and here we actually have um slides from
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02408-00505639-00505743 the different
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02409-00505743-00505951 classes and then we have a video series
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02410-00505952-00506143 on supervised machine learning
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02411-00506143-00506399 that was created by a data science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02412-00506400-00506614 student at columbia university
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02413-00506615-00506903 and you could review any of these online
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02414-00506904-00506951 um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02415-00506952-00507159 so here's the supervised machine
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02416-00507160-00507327 learning uh with this columbia did it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02417-00507328-00507383 with a
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02418-00507384-00507679 thomas law guyanek and he also has some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02419-00507680-00507791 jupiter notebook
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02420-00507792-00508039 materials as well so there's a lot that
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02421-00508039-00508127 you can find
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02422-00508128-00508303 and we really encourage you to use it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02423-00508304-00508447 share it with your friends
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02424-00508447-00508751 and then if you want to contact us at um
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02425-00508752-00509103 nsdc datahub.org we'll be looking for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02426-00509104-00509295 what people would really like to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02427-00509296-00509559 see in a live class and maybe in some
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02428-00509560-00509710 recorded classes
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02429-00509712-00509855 um so there's an opportunity for you to
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02430-00509856-00510014 continue to communicate with us let us
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02431-00510015-00510159 know what you need
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02432-00510160-00510310 you can even look at computer science
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02433-00510312-00510543 and programming and learn about python
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02434-00510543-00510639 and r
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02435-00510639-00510855 um look at the differences between
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02436-00510856-00511070 python and r for data analytics by data
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02437-00511071-00511255 camp and then go deeper into python and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02438-00511256-00511295 r
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02439-00511296-00511479 and computer tools including the missing
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02440-00511480-00511639 semester from mit
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02441-00511639-00511799 so there's a lot of material at your
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02442-00511800-00511991 fingerprints at fingertips and we really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02443-00511992-00512183 hope you're able to take advantage of it
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02444-00512184-00512359 and tell us what else would be more
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02445-00512360-00512575 valuable for you because this is really
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02446-00512576-00512607 for
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02447-00512608-00512975 all of you and that's why it's here so
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02448-00512976-00513175 that's it um thank you very much
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02449-00513176-00513359 everyone for those who stayed
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02450-00513360-00513670 and furu and hailey great job and helen
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02451-00513671-00513822 and everyone else in the background and
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02452-00513823-00513975 macy and abhishek
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02453-00513976-00514127 everyone have a nice evening and a great
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02454-00514128-00514295 weekend you too
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02455-00514296-00515262 thank you
+IR_KykmJ1dk-02456-00515263-00515480 i'll